C. Braithwaite

Ward, Herbert
Warren,
Lt.-Col. H. G. Webb. W. M. Webster, H. Welman, C. W.,
M.A. Werner, A. W. Westermann, D.
Westermarck, Edward
Wild, Captain R. P Wilson, J. L.
WiNTERBOTTOM,
William, M.D. Wyndham, John
BIBLIOGRAPHY
History of Dancing, 1897 Serpent Worship and Totemism, 1888 The Development of Marriage and Kin- ship, 1889 The Evolution of Morality, 1878 Jour. R.G.S. (art. A Tour through the Liberian Hinterland, 1910 ; The Exploration of Tibeste, 1920 Five Years with the Congo Cannibals,
1890 S.L. Studies (art. Secret Societies of
Sierra Leone, III, 1920) The Heritage of Dress, 1907 Primitive Secret Societies, 1908 G.C. Review (art. Homowo, 1927)
The Language Families of Africa, 1927
The Shilluk People, 1912
Fula Handbook, 1909
Origin and Development of Moral Ideas,
1908-12 The History of Human Marriage, 1921 Ritual and Belief in Morocco, 1926 G.C. Review (art. Apowa, 1927) Western Africa, 1856 An Account of the Native Africans in
the neighbourhood of Sierra Leone,
1803 The Myths of Ife, 1922
INDEX
INDEX
Ababda (Egypt) Tribe, 154
Abam Society, 20, 279, 280, 281
Abeokuta, see Nigeria
Abo (French Congo) Tribe, 157, 255
Abo Society, see Kongold
Abyssinians, 44
Accra, see Gold Coast
Accra (Gold Coast) Peoples, 215
Accra Society, see Homowo
Adamu Society, 19, 94, 120, 169, 174, 263
Adultery, see Ethical Teaching
Afa Society, 16, 51, 54, 69, 74, 83, loi, 109, 117, 183, 207, 224
African Countries, see Abyssinians, Algeria, Angola, Bam- bara, Belgian Congo, Bomu, Dahomey, Egypt, French Congo, French Guinea, French Kamerun, Gambia, Gold Coast, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Morocco, Nigeria, Rio de Oro, Sierra Leone, Spanish Guinea, Sudan, Tripoli, Upper Volta
African Towns, see Abeokuta, Accra, Axim, Bassam, Benguela, Benin City, Calabar, Dixcove, Fez, Freetown, Katanga, Lagos, Loanda, Onitsha, Sekondi, Stanleyville, Timbuktu, Tripoli, Tunis
African Peoples and Tribes, see under names of countries
After-Death Spirits, 62, 88, 118, 194-201, 270
Agbaia Society, 19, 51, 265
Aggry Beads, see Costumes, Sacred Possessions, Supreme Officials
Agni-Ashanti (Gold Coast) Tribe, 184
Agricultural Associations, see Adamu, Koliumbo, Neguiti, Olokemeji, Raruba, Yugu
Ahanta (Gold Coast) Tribe, 259
Ahanta Society, see Apowa
AiYASA Society, 20, 172, 174, 269
Akena (Nigeria) Tribe, 234
Aku, see Yoruba
297
298 INDEX
Akuna-kuna (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 276
Akuna-kuna Societies, see Ebere, Ekene
Algeria, see Berbers
Alligator Societies, 20, 281
Alunda, see Balunda
Ambassadors, see Officials
American Rites, 14, 24, 37, 109
Ampora Society, 17, 18, 28, 39, 43, 47, 54, 63, 65, 71, 72, 82,
no, 119, 127, 132, 135, 138, 139, 154, 161, 166, 167, 169,
171, 200, 206, 211, 241, 249, 250, 251, 256, 259, 276 Ancestor-Worship, see After-Death Spirits, Prayers, Theology Andomba Society, 20, 47, 109, 120, 139, 151, 173, 209, 214,
241, 276 Andoni (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 272 Andoni Society, see Ofiokpo Angola, 17, 18, 19, 20, 26, 153, 177, 224, 228, 229, 234, 238,
256, 258, 260, 265, 268 Angola Societies, see Bakelebroa, Butwa, Chibados, Kimpasi,
Mukanda, Nda, Ndembo, Nkamba, Nkimba, Olungumbu,
Sindungo, Ukukii, Yiigu Angola Peoples and Tribes, see Bakuena, Balunda, Bakwiri,
Batwa, Loango, Angoy, Bakelebroa, Batshok Angoy (Angola) Tribe, 224 Angoy Society, see Sindungo Ankoi Society, 20, 61, 97, 239, 260, 262, 276 Ankumunko Society, 20, 83, 270 Anointings, see Purifications Apowa Society, 19, 53, 259 Arabic, Arabs, 152 Arbitrators, see Officials Areoi (S. Pacific) Rites, 263 Aro (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 268, 273, 279, 280 Aro Societies, see Abam, Epe, Mborko Asben (Sudan) Tribe, 220 Asben Society, see Masubori Ashanti, see Gold Coast
Ashanti (Gold Coast) Tribe, 129, 154, 177, 190, 191 Ashanti-Akan (Gold Coast) Tribe, 196 Ashanti Kindred Peoples, see Agni-Ashanti, Ashanti-Akan,
Nkoranza Astrologers, Astrology, see Officials, Sacred Enclosures Augury, see Divination Aulo (Gold Coast ) Tribe, 224 Aulo Society, see Afa Awori (Nigeria) Tribe, iS, 236, 244
INDEX 299
Awori Societies, see Eyo, Orisha
Awunu (Gold Coast) Tribe, 248
Axim, see Gold Coast
Ayaka Society, 19, 48, 53, 61, 69, 73, 74, 75, 82, 83, 96, 104,
116, 117, 118, 119, 134, 138, 140, 151, 154, 157, 158, 161,
166, 167, 172, 210, 213, 215, 243, 246, 275
Babende Society, 20, 73, 93, 96, 104, 266, 268, 269
Baboon Societies, 20, 282
Babylonian Oracle, Rites, 53, 158
Baga (French Guinea) Tribe, 152, 153, 223, 228, 230
Baga Societies, see Penda-Penda, Si'mo
Bagrimi Country, Peoples, 240
Baja Dialect, see Ababda
Bakele (French Congo) Tribe, 244, 248, 276
Bakele Societies, see Bweti, Ikung, Ukukwe
Bakelebroa Society, 20, 278
Bakelebroa (Angola) Tribe, 278
Bakongo (Belgian Congo) Tribe, 109, 113, 184, 198, 234, 245,
256, 264 Bakongo Societies, see Nda, Ndembo, Neguita, Nkamba,
Nkimba Bakongo, Language, see Kongo Bakuba Peoples, see Bangongo, Bushongo Bakuena (Angola) Tribe, 26 Bakundu (French Congo) Tribe, 255 Bakundu Society, see Kongold Bakwiri (Angola and F. Kamerun) Tribe, 162 Balunda (Angola) Tribe, 256, 26 Balunda Societies, see Chibados, Mukanda Bambara (Senegal) Tribe, 152, 223, 224 Bambara Societies, see Dou, Kongcorong Banban Society, 19, 121, 129, 169, 173, 241, 248, 256 Bangongo (Belgian Congo) Tribe, 266 Bangongo Societies, see Babende, Nkanda Bantu -Negroid, see Western Bantu-Negroid Peoples Basa (Liberia) Tribe, 225, 226 Basa Society, see Boviowah Bassam, see Ivory Coast Bashilange (Belgian Congo) Tribe, 266, 268 Bashilange Societies, see Bena-Riamba, Lubuku, Chibados Batanga (French Kamerun) Tribe, 144, 244, 245 Batanga Society, see Malanda
300 INDEX
Batons, see Signs
Batshok (Angola) Tribe, 167
Batshok Society, see Chibados
Batwa (Angola) Peoples, Speech, 153, 185, ig6, 238
Batwa Society, see Butwa
Baya-Gbunde Society, 20, 270
Beads, see Ornaments
Belgian Congo, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 185, 192, 238, 245, 252, 255, 256, 260, 265, 266, 268
Belgian Congo Peoples and Tribes, see Bakongo, Eturi, Katan- ga, Bangongo, Bashilange, Bushongo, Kabinda
Belgian Congo Societies, see Babende, Bakelebroa, Bena- Riamba, Bili, Butwa, Chibados, Kimpasi, Lubuku, Mukanda, Nda, Ndembo, Neguiti, Nkamba, Nkanda, Nkimba, Yugu
Belli-Paaro Society, 16, 48, 76, loi, 174, 175, 225, 226, 227
Bells, see Musical Instruments
Bena-Riamba Society, 266, 268
Benefits, Society, 32
Beneguela, see Angola
Benin City, see Nigeria
Berber Peoples, 139, 219
Berber Societies, see Javia-Kartas, Qairowan
Bihe, see Angola
Bili Society, 19, 36, 73, 121, 166, 252
Bismarck- Archipelegian Rites, 96
Boa Societies, 20, 2S3
Bobo (Senegal) Tribe, 186, 224
Bobo Society, see Dou
Bod}' Painting, 42, 94, 176
Boibente Society, 19, 161, 252
BoRi Society, 15, 35, 42, 45, 47, 69, ^-i, 76, 107, 117, 123, 127, 138, 141, 155, 165, 168, 175, 178, 206, 221
Bornean Rites, 24
Bornu (Sudan) Peoples, 226
Bornu Society, see Kwaga
BoRRO-MiA-GuNDU Society, 20, 267
BoviowAH Societ}^ 16, 43, 60, 88, 169, 170, 209, 225, 226
Bula (French Congo) Tribe, 250
Bula Societies, see Mawungu, Ngi
Bull-Roarers, 160, 161
BuNDU Society, 17, 18, 25, 36, 39, 43, 45, 49, 51, 66, 69, 71, 76, 81, 83, 102, 105, 107, 117, 138, 154, 161, 166, 169, 176, 178, 205, 210, 211, 213, 228, 239, 251, 259, 263, 265, 272, 273, 275, 276
Bushongo (Belgian Congo) Tribe, 182, 213, 239
INDEX 301
Bushongo Society, see Nkanda
BuTWA Society, 17, 18, 22, 36, 53, 56,60,69, 71, 73, 80, 88, 98,
107, 117, 120, 127, 128, 131, 134, 153, 154, 161, 162, 165.
168, 169, 172, 185, 212, 229, 238, 256, 260 BwETi Society, 20, 35, 51, 96, loi, 102, 103, 105, 239, 248, 276
Calabar, see Nigeria
Cameroons, see French Kamerun, Nigeria
Cannibalism, see Subversive and Criminal Associations
Capez Tribe, see Temne
Caterer, see Officials
Celebrations, see Festivals
Champions, see Officials
Chapels, see Sacred Enclosures
Charm-makers, Charms, see Doctors, Fetishes
Chibados Society, 19, 51, 89, 96, 104, 120, 167, 170, 234. 256,
260 Chief of the Spirits, see Officials Chief of the Youths, see Officials Chinese Rites, 112, 133, 191
Circumcision, see Novices, Puberty Schools, Purifications Clairvoyance, see Doctors Companion Spirits (Deities), 188-191 Congo, see Angola, Belgian Congo, French Congo Congo Free State, see Belgian Congo Congolese, 191, 194, 196
Conservator of Legends, see Folklore, Officials Co-operative Societies, see Agbaia, Babende, Bena-Riamba,
Borro-Mia-Gundu, Ebere, Lubuku, Mborko, Olongumbu,
Wanka, Zangbeto Co-operation, see Ethical Teaching Costumes, see Dances, Masks, Officials Council Houses, see Headquarters Councillors, Councils, 22, 71-85, 8S, 95, 232, 246, 264, 265,
267, 269, 271, 274 Courage, see Ethical Teaching, Ordeals Criminal, see Subversive Crocodile, see Alligator Grystal-Gazing, see Divination
Dahomey, Dahomi, 16, 18, 20, 60, 224, 269, 279
Dahomi Societies, see Afa, Oduwa, Zangbeto
Dance Clubs, see Borro-Mia-Gundu, Eturi, Play, Social
302 INDEX
Dances, 96-106, 136, 138, 266, 269-273
Darkness, see Ordeals
De (Liberia) Tribe, 225
De Society, see Boviowah
Dead, Remembrance of, see After-Death Spirits, Festivals
Death, Society, see Initiation
Deities, see Companion Spirits, Family Guardians, God
Messengers, Imps, Oracles, Societies, Supreme Deities,
Tribal Gods Delphic Oracle, 157 Democratic and Patriotic Associations, see Agricultural
Associations, Co-operative Societies, Dance, Play and
Sports Clubs, Political Societies, Social Organisations,
Trade Guilds, War Clubs Dinla (Upper Volta) Tribe, 186, 237 Dinla Society, see Dyoro Divination, see Officials, Sacred Possessions Dixcove, see Gold Coast Doctors, see Medicine, Officials, Societies Dolls, see Puberty Schools Dou Society, 16, 48, 224, 226, 227 Drama-Dances, see Dances, Play Clubs Drum Language, Drummers, Drums, 162-165 Duala (French Kamerun) Peoples, 162, 206, 234, 254, 261,
265, 279 Duala Societies, see Ekongola, Elung, Muemba, Mukuku,
Mungi, Yugu DuBAiA Society, 48, 117, 167, 241, 249, 256 Duk-Duk Rites, 96, 270 Dus Society, 19, 66, 137, 173, 175, 253 Dyes and Washes, see Body Painting Dyoro Society, 17, 18, 73, 166, 168, 173, 175, 206, 229, 237,
253
Ebere Society, 20, 89, 109, 121, 175, 212, 276
Ebo (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 278
Ebo Society, see Ovra
Ebomici Society, 19, 69, loi, 243
Ede (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 262
Ede Societies, see Ebomici, Ovia
Elik (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 233, 254, 261, 274
Efik Societies, see Egbo, Ekkpe, Iban-Isong, Idiong, Ndito-
Iban Egba (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 229, 258, 274
INDEX 303
Egba Societies, see Idiong, Oro, Siiopono
Egbado (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 236, 277
Egbado Societies, see Gelede, Orisha
Egbo Society, 17, 18, 21, 22, 27, 28, 34, 35, 39, 50, 52, 61,
69, 71, 74, 76, 81, 86, 102, 107, 112, 129, 132, 141, 153,
157, 161, 169, 170, 172, 175, 176, 178, 200, 207, 229, 232,
233, 253, 257, 263, 274, 277 Egugu Society, 19, 83, 88, 98, 119; 132, 160, 171, 189, 253,
278 Egungun Societ}', 23, 27, 28, 39, 42, 43, 75, d>y, 95, 206, 253,
257 Egyptian Rites, 121, 138, 180, 187, 225, 263 Ekene Society, 20, 78, 276 Ekita (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 236, 275 Ekita Societies, see Orisha, Owo
Ekkpe Society, 19, 35, ^y, 42, 43, 45, 138, 154, 207, 233, 254 Ekkpo-Njawhaw Society, 19, 90, 96, 121, 129, 136, 175, 254 Ekoi (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 153, 233, 245, 256 Ekoi Societies, see Egbo, Ngbe, Nimm Ekongola Society, 20, 27, 36, 74, 83, 96, 154, 239, 250, 255,
279 Eku-Meku Society, 20, 279, 280, 281 Eluku Society, 17, 18, 51, 73, 236, 237, 254 Elung Society, 19, 72, 239, 244, 254
English Customs, Dances, Games, Rites, 14, 52, loi, 104, 137 Epe Society, 20, 121, 174, 273 Eskimo Rites, 154 Ethical Teaching, 14, 147, 204-217 Eturi Society, 20, 48, 207, 277 Evil Eye, see Body Painting Ewe-Speaking Peoples, 183, 224, 269 Ewe-Speaking Societies, see Afa, Zangbeto Ewe-Speaking Western Negroid Tribes, see Aulo, Awunu,
Dahomi, Kagora Excision, see Circumcision Executioners, see Officials Eyo Society, 19, 69, 117, 207, 244
Fags, see Officials
Fairies, see Imps
Family Guardians (Deities), 187, 188
Fang, see Mpangwe
Fear, Sense of, see Ordeals, Smelling Out
Fees, Society, 34, 35, 36
304 INDEX
Fertility Cults, see Agricultural Associations, Apowa, Chibados,
Humoi, Iban-Isong, Ndito-Iban, Lubuku, Phallicism Fertility Rites, 87, 89, go, 122 Festivals, 86-106 Fetishes, se^ Doctors, Tabu Fez, see Morocco Fire, 24, 78, 79, 90, 133 Flutes, see Musical Instruments Folklore, 16, 144-147 Foods, Food Taboos, 131, 132, 133 Forgiveness, see Circumcision, Purifications Freemasons, 13, 231 Freetown, see Sierra Leone French Congo, 17, 18, 19, 20, 95, 244, 245, 248, 249, 250, 255,
261, 276, 279 French Congo Peoples, see Abo, Bakele, Bakundu, Bula,
Igalwa, Mpangwe French Congo Societies, see Bweti, Ikung, Izyoga, Kongold,
Malanda, Mawungu, Miwetyi, Ngi, Nimm, Njembe, Nkamba,
Nkimba, Ukuku, Ukukwe, Yasi French Equatorial Africa, see French Congo French Guinea, 16, 17, 18, 48, 218, 223, 228, 230, 283 French Guinea Peoples, see Baga French Guinea Societies, see Kongcorong, Mori, Panther,
Penda-Penda, Poro, Si'mo, Sirri French Kamerun, 17, 18, 19, 245, 255, 256, 258, 261, 265, 279 French Kamerun Peoples, see Bakwiri, Batanga, Mpongwe French Kamerun, Societies, see Ekongola, Flung, Kongold,
Malanda, Muemba, Mukuku, Mungi, Ndembo, Ukuku,
Yugu Fula Peoples, 18, 218, 221, 230 Fula Societies, see Mori, Poro, Sirri
Galhnas (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 227, 251
Gallinas Societies, see Sande, Sembe
Gambia, 218, 282
Gambia Peoples, see Fula, Hausa, Mandingo, Susu
Gambia Societies, see Sirri
Ga-Speaking Peoples, see Accra, Ashanti, Kwa, Sempe
Gbandi (Liberia) Tribe, 225
Gbandi Societies, see Belli-Paaro, Sembe
Gbangbani Society, 19, 140, 249, 251, 268
Geduma (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 277
Geduma Society, see Ovato
INDEX 305
Gelede Society, 20, 50, 76, 119, 121, 129, 131, 174, 277
Geomancy, see Divination
German Rites, 13, 14
Gibi (Liberia) Tribe, 225
Gibi Society, see Boviowah
Gnostic, see Egyptian, Roman
Gobir (Nigeria) Tribe, 220
Gobir Society, see Masubori
God Messengers, 183
Gola Societies, see Belli- Paaro, Sembe
Gold Coast, 8, 16, 18, 19, 91, 216, 224, 225, 239, 244, 247,
253. 257. 259- 262, 279 Gold Coast Peoples, see Accra, Agni-Ashanti, Ahanta, Ashanti,
Ashanti-Akan, Ashanti Kindred, Aulo, Awunu, Krepi,
Nkoranza, Sempe Gold Coast, Societies, see Afa, Apowa, Bundu, Egungun,
Homowo, Katahwira, Katahwiriba, Oduwa, Odwira, Oyeni Gora (Liberia) Tribe, 227 Gora Society, see Sembe Gpa-Mende (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 273, 283 Gpa-Mende Society, see Wunde
Grades, Graduates, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, s^, 34, 236, 238 Grebo (Liberia) Tribe, 225 Grebo Society, see Boviowah Grecian Rites, 13, 169, 172 Guardians, see Circumcision, Officials, Puberty Schools
Haiti, see Voodoo
Hamitic Peoples, see Ababda, Tunisians
Haruspication, see Divination
Harvest Festivals, see Festivals, Puberty School
Hausa Peoples, 152, 155, 218, 220, 221
Hausa Societies, see Bori, Masubori, Sirri
Hausa Tribes, see Igbiri, Nupe
Haut Uele, see Belgian Congo
Head, Deputy-Head, see Supreme Officials
Headquarters, Societies, 21, 22, 23, 25, 122
Hebrew Rites, 13, 112, 225
Heiress, see Officials
Helpers, see Officials
Hemp-Smokers, see Bena-Riamba
Heralds, see Messengers
Hidden Men, see Supreme Officials
3o6 INDEX
Hidden Words, see Language
High Priests, see Law-God, Priestly Associations, Supreme Officials
Hindu Rites, 78, 86, 176
HoMowo Society, 19, 63, 91, 215, 244, 248
Honorary Members, see Members
Horn Blowers, Language, Horns, see Grades, Musical Instru- ments, Officials
Houses for Initiates, see Headquarters
HuMOi Society, 19, 140, 174, 260
Human Leopard, see Leopard
Hypnotism, see Doctors, Puberty Schools, Theology
Ibadan (Nigeria) Tribe, 233
Ibadan Society, see Egbo
Ibani (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 272
Ibani Society, see Owu-Ogbo
Iban-Isong Society, 19, 105, 109, 121, 167, 212, 246, 261
Ibibio (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 183, 254, 261, 274, 277
Ibibio Societies, see Eturi, Ekkpo-Njawhaw, Iban-Isong,
Idiong, Ndito-Iban Ibo (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 82, 157, 185, 191, 200, 246, 2S0 Ibo Societies, see Ayaka, Eku-Meku, Nri, Okonko Idiong Society, 20, 28, 34, 35, 47, 121, 129, 173, 274 Ife (Nigeria) Tribe, 257 Ife Society, see Oshorbo Igalwa (French Congo) Tribe, 249, 273 Igalwa Society, see Izyoga, Yasi Igbiri (Nigeria) Tribe, 221 Igbiri Society, see Bori Ijebu (Nigeria) Tribe, 236, 237, 263 Ijebu Societies, see Adamu, Eluku, Orisha Ikung Society, 19, 51, 62, 74, 79, 94, 96, loi, 121, 138, 140,
154, 174, 183, 239, 244, 254 Images, see Sacred Possessions, Signs and Symbols Imps (Deities), 191-194 Incantations, see Doctors, Magicians Influence, Society, see Benefits, Teaching Initiates, see Members
Initiation Ceremonies, 26, 27, 56, 57, 58, 107-147 Irish Rites, see English Islam, see Muhammedanism Isolation, see Ordeals Italian Rites, 14, loi
INDEX 307
Ituri (Belgian Congo) Tribe, 252
Ituri Society, see Biii
Ivory Coast, 17, 223, 245, 253, 279, 282, 2S3
Ivory Coast, Peoples, see Senufo, Wongara
Ivory Coast Societies, see Alligator, Baboon, Dus, Dyoro,
Egungun, Kongcorong, Nimm, Panther IzYOGA Society, 19, 40, 151, 175, 239, 249, 261, 273
Jailors, see Officials
Jamboi Society, 16, 35, 51, 226, 227, 275
James Town, see Accra
Javia Kartas Society, 15, 219
Jega, see Nigeria
Jesuits, see Roman Catholic Church
Jews, see Hebrews
JoosAi Society, 20, 73, 104, 226, 275
Judges, see Officials, Law
Kabinda (Belgian Congo) Country, Peoples, 224
Kabinda Societies, see Bakelebroa, Sindu go
Kafu-Bullom (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 202, 230, 239, 275
Kafu-Bullom Societies, see Bundu, Kinki, Poro
Kagora (Nigeria) Tribe, 181, 182
Kaloko Society, 20, 8^, 271
Kambonbonke Society, 20, loi, 278
Kangar Society, 19, loi, 117, 169, 249
Kanuri (Bornu) Peoples, Speech, 16, 153, 226
Kanuri, Society, see Kwaga
Katahwira Society, 16, 60, 63, 80, 128, 144, 1S4, 193, 225
Katahwiriba Society, 16, Sy, 100, loi, 105, 128, 154, 170,
175, 184 Katanga, see Belgian Congo Kemah Society, 19, 82, 167, 169, 210, 250 KiMPASi Society, 19, 255, 257 Kinki Society, 20, 42, no, 121, 211, 262, 275, 276 KoFOO Society, 19, 62, 173, 255, 256, 275 KoLiUMBO Society, 19, 263
Kongcorong Society, 15, 16, 24, 44, 75, 84, 98, 99, 117 Kongo Language, 50, 152, 153 KoNGOLD Society, 19, 40, loi, 239, 248, 253, 255 KoNO Society, 20, 59, 174, 175, 277
3o8 INDEX
Koranko (Sierra Leone) Tribe, i8, 196, 198, 239, 241, 256,
263, 272, 277 Koranko Societies, see Andomba, Bundu, Koliumbo, Kono,
Kufong, Poro, Segere Koya (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 112, 230 Koya Society, see Poro Kpengwa (Spanish Guinea) Tribe, 258, 259 Kpengwa Society, see Ukuku Kpwesi (Liberia) Tribe, 225 Kpwesi Societies, see Belli-Paaro, Sembe Krepi (Gold Coast) Tribe, 224 Kru Peoples, 225, 228, 282 Kru Societies, see Boviowah, Nanam Kru Tribes (Western Negroid), see Basa, De, Gibi, Grebo,
Kru, Nifu, Putu, Sikon Kufong Society, 18, 19, 69, 73, 117, 119, 120, 133, 163,
170, 172, 176, 188, 189, 207, 210, 249, 255, 256, 258, 275 Ku Kluk Klan, see American Rites Kukuruku (Nigeria) Tribe, 18, 8;^, 253, 262 Kukuruku Society, see Egugu KuRE Society, 20, 177, 272 Kwa (Nigeria) Tribe, 276 Kwa Society, see Ekene KwAGA Society, 16, 76, 121, 226
Lagos, see Nigeria
Languages, African, see Arabic, Baja, Batwa, Ewe, Ga, Egba,
Kanuri, Kongo, Mandingo, Mende, Temne, Tshi, Yoruba Languages, Society, see Bull-Roarers, Drum, Horn, Message,
Oracles, Shouts, Songs, Voices Law, Land Debates, 141 Law-God Societies, see Ampora, Bundu, Butwa, Dyoro,
Egbo, Eluku, Mungi, Nkamba, Nkanda, Nkimba, Ogboni,
Orisha, Oro, Poro, Si'mo Law Officers, Lawyers, 43 Leopard Societies, 20, 283 Lessons, see Teaching
Liberia, 16, 95, 225, 226, 227, 228, 239, 245, 282 Liberian Peoples, see Basa, De, Gbandi, Gibi, Gola, Gora,
Grebo, Kpwesi, Kru, Nifu, Putu, Sikon Liberian Societies, see Baboon, Belli-Paaro, Boviowah,
Bundu, Nanam, Nimm, Sande, Sembe Libyan Peoples, see Berbers Libyo-Hamitic Peoples, see Moroccean
INDEX 309
Libyo-Negroid Peoples, see Fula
Limba (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 163, 239, 241, 248, 255, 256
Limba Societies, see Banban, Bundu, Kofoo, Kufong, Manne-
keh Linguist, see Officials Loanda, see Angola Loango (Angola) Tribe, 224
Loango Societies, see Mahammah-Jamboh, Sindungo Lobi (Upper Volta) Tribe, 186, 193, 199, 237 Lobi Society, see Dyoro Lokko (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 241, 249 Lokko Society, see Dubaia Luba-Lunda Peoples, see Balunda, Bashilange LuBUKU Society, 20, 76, 98, 161, 167, 176, 254, 267, 268
Magic, Magical Numbers, Magicians, see Doctors, Officials
Mahammah-Jamboh Society, 15, 16, 40, 45, 63, 139, 222, 223, 225
Malanda Society, 19, 35, 52, 121, 129, 144, 173, 179, 239, 245, 279
Male Membership Societies, see Abam, Afa, Ampora, Andomba, Ayaka, Babende, Baya-Gbunde, Belli-Paaro, Boibente, Borro-Mia-Gundu, Boviowah, Bweti, Dubaia, Egbo, Egugu, Egungun, Ekene, Ekkpe, Ekongola, Eku-Meku, Eluku, Elung, Eyo, Idiong, Ikung, Kambonbonke, Koliumbo, Kongcorong, Kongold, Kono, Kufong, Kwaga, Mahammah- Jamboh, Malanda, Mannekeh, Mborko, Miwetyi, Muemba, Mukanda, Mungi, Nda, Neguiti, Ngbe, Ngi, Ndito-Iban, Nkanda, Nkimba, Nri, Ofiokpo, Ogboni, Olokemeji, Orisha, Oro, Oshorbo, Ovia, Owo, Penda-Penda, Poro, Qairowan, Sembe, Si'mo, Tilang, Tongo-Players, Ukuku, Yugu, Zangbeto
Mandingo Peoples, 18, 140, 152, 153, 218, 221, 222, 226
Mandingo (West Sudan Negroid) Tribes, see Bambara, Mandingo, Susu, Vai, Wakore, Wangara, Wongara
Mandingo Societies, see Kongcorong, Mahammah-Jamboh, Mori, Sirri
Manliness, see Ethical Teaching, Ordeals
Mannekeh Society, 18, 19, 127, 155, 198, 250
Maori Rites, 154
Marshals, see Officials
Masubori Society, 15, 16, 23, 55, 63, 69, ^z, 74, ^33, ^3^, 140, 151, 153, 155, 165, 166, 175, 219, 220, 224
Masks, 39, 40, 41, 75, 82, 83, 84, 93, 95, 104, 127, 244, 253, 255
310 INDEX
Mawungu Society, 19, 83, 84, 96, 250, 251
Mborko Society, 20, 121, 174, 207, 258, 268
Medicine Men, see Doctors
Medicines, see Doctors
Melanesian Rites, 24
Members, Membership, 24, 25, 26, 27, 32
Membership Fees, see Fees
Membership Grades, see Grades
Members' Signs, see Signs and Symbols
Mende (Sierra Leone) Peoples, 18, 102, 127, 191, 193, 200, 201, 226, 230, 231, 232, 239, 240, 241, 251, 256, 258, 259, 260, 270, 275, 282, 283
Mende Societies, see Ampora, Baya-Gbunde, Boa, Bundu, Humoi, Joosai, Kufong, Poro, Tilang, Wunde, Yassi
Message Writing, 167, 168, 169
Messenger Gods, 183
Messengers, see Officials, Sacred Enclosures
Micronesian Rites, 231
Mimetic Dances, see Dances
Mistress of Novices, see Officials
MiWETYi Society, 20, 239, 279
Mixed Membership Societies, see Adamu, Agbaia, Aiyasa, Ankumunko, Apowa, Banban, Bena-Riamba, Bili, Bori, Butwa, Don, Dus, Dyoro, Ebomici, Ekkpo-Njawhaw, Epe, Eturi, Gbangbani, Gelede, Homowo, Kaloko, Kure, Lubuku, Masubori, Mori, Naferi, Nanam, Ndembo, Nimm, Njembe, Odwira, Okonko, Olungumbu, Ovato, Ovra, Owu-Ogbo, Oyeni, Shopono, Sindimgo, Sirri, Tormai, Tuntu, Ukukwe, Wanka, Wunde, Yasi
Moderators, see Officials
Model and Object Lessons, see Lessons
Money, see Society Money
Morocco, Morocceans, 218, 219
Morocco Societies, see Javia Kartas, Sirri
Morality, see Ethical Teaching
Mori Society, 15, 141, 155, 176, 221
Mossi (Upper Volta) Tribe, 253
Mossi Society, see Dus
Mother of Fatting House, see Officials
Mother of King, see Officials
Mother of Spirits, see Officials
Mpangwe (French Congo) Tribe, 250
Mpangwe Societies, see Mawungu, Ngi
Mpongwe (French Congo and Kamerun) Tribe, 249, 258, 259, 261, 273
INDEX 311
Mpongwe Societies, see Izyoga, Njembe, Ukuku, Yasi
MuEMBA Society, 19, 245, 261
Muhammedanism, 13, 15, 218-223, 234
Muhammedan-Pagan Societies, see Afa, Belli-Paaro, Bovio- wah, Jamboi, Katahwira, Katahwiriba, Kwaga, Naferi, Nanam, Penda-Penda, Sembe, Sindungo
Muhammedan Societies, see Bori, Javia, Kartas, Kongcorong, Mahammah-Jamboh, Masubori, Mori, Qairowan, Sirri
MuKANDA Society, 19, 51, 54, 95, 104, 118, 234, 256, 260
MuKUKU Societ}^ 19, 261
MuNGi Society, 17, 18, 47, 68, 71, 98, 105, 117, 127, 129, 168, 175, 205, 229, 234, 256, 261
Murder, see Ethical Teaching
Musical Instruments, Musicians, 32, 44, 85, 162-167
Mystic and Religious Societies, see Adamu, Apowa, Dus, Egugu, Egungun, Ekkpo-Njawhaw, Kambonbonke, Kofoo, Kongold, Kono, Kufong, Law-God, Lubuku, Muhammedan, Muhammedan-Pagan, Ndembo, Ngbe, Odiiwa, Odwira, Olokemeji, Priestly Associations, Shopono, Tilang, Ukuku, Zangbeto
Naferi Society, 16, 35, 42, 104, 117, 226
Nanam Society, 16, 52, 132, 173, 175, 227, 228
Napolitan Rites, 14
Nda Society, 19, 50, 122, 126, 174, 245
Ndembo Society, 19, 36, 40, 49, 50, 53, 63, 68, 74, 80, loi, 107, 109, 113, 114, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 122, 126, 128, 133, 150, 153, 165, 168, 169, 171, 178, 184, 204, 205, 206, 208, 212, 214, 215, 234, 255, 256
Ndito-Iban Society, 19, 121, 167, 246, 261
Negroid Peoples, see Ga-Speaking, Ewe-Speaking, Kru, Man- dingo, Tshi-Speaking, Western, Yoruba, Yoruba- Kindred
Neguiti Society, 19, 264
New Guinea Rites, 104
New Life, see Fertility, Initiation
New Names, see Society Names
Ngbe Society, 19, 51, 52, 207, 233, 246, 257, 273
Ngi Society, 19, 93, 105, 250
Nifu (Liberia) Tribe, 225
Nifu Society, see Boviowah
Nigeria, 8, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 27, 146, 152, 157, 172, 218, 220, 221, 229, 233, 236, 243, 244, 245, 246, 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 261, 262, 263, 264, 268, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279
312 INDEX
Nigerian Peoples, see Akena, Akuna-Kuna, Andoni, Aro, Awori, Ebo, Ede, Efik, Egba, Egbado, Ekita, Ekoi, Geduma, Gobir, Ibadan, Ibani, Ibibio, Ibo, Ife, Igbiri, Ijebu, Kagora, Kukuruku, Kwa, Nupe, Ogwali, Oyo, Shekani
Nigerian Societies, see Aban, Adamu, Ebere, Ebomici, Egbo, Egugu, Egungun, Ekene, Ekkpe, Ekkpo-Njawhaw, Eku- Meku, Eluku, Epe, Eturi, Eyo, Gelede, Iban-Isong, Idiong, Kongold, Masubori, Mborko, Miwetyi, Ndito-Iban, Ngbe, Nimm, Nri, Ofiokpo, Ogboni, Okonko, Olokemeji, Orisha, Oro, Ovato, Ovia, Ovra, Owu-Ogbo, Sirri
Nilitic Negroid Peoples, see Fula
Nimm Society, 19, 25, 52, 73, 74, 122, 175, 245
NjEMBE Society, 19, 35, 151, 174, 245, 261
Nkamba Society, 17, 18, 25, 36, 68, 69, 88, 89, 117, 131, 133, 140, 166, 205, 229, 235
Nkanda Society, 17, 18, 74, 79, 120, 126, 132, 133, 139, 144, 161, 176, 208, 212, 213, 238, 239, 248, 258
Nkimba Society, 17, 18, 36, 48, 50, 63, 69, 74, 107, 109, 116, 118, 119, 120, 125, 140, 142, 150, 152, 153, 161, 166, 168, 178, 205, 215, 229, 234, 235, 260
Nkoranza (Gold Coast) Tribe, 257
Nkoranza Society, see Odiiwa
Novices, see Initiation, Puberty Schools, Members
Nri Society, 19, 158, 166, 246, 247
Nupe (Nigeria) Tribe, 221
Nupe Society, see Bori
ODiiwA Society, 257
Odwira Society, 19, 90, 262
Officials, 22, 24, 28, 35, 36, 37-54, 55-70, 88, 95, 97, 115, 130, 132, 158, 189, 196, 209, 211, 213, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 236, 237, 238, 240, 241, 244, 245, 246, 248, 250, 257, 259, 263, 266, 267, 271
Ofiokpo Society, 20, 35, 50, 53, 98, 177, 272
Ogboni Society, 17, 18,21,23,27, 38,42, 43, 52, 63,68,71, 74, 86, 102, 123, 131, 160, 162, 164, 168, 170, 207, 232, 235, 236, 238, 253, 257, 268
Ogowe, see French Congo,
Ogwali (Nigeria) Tribe, 234
Ointments, see Body Painting, Medicines
Okonko Society, 19, 27, 28, 29, 32, 33, 34, 35, 41, 52, 61, 69, 74, 76, 87, 98, 107, 137, 151, 157, 158, 162, 164, 166, 167, 169, 170, 175, 177, 205, 212, 213, 243, 246, 247, 258
Olokemeji Society, 19, 264, 273
Olungumbu Society, 20, 268
Onitsha, see Nigeria
INDEX 313
Oracles, 74, 157-160, 243, 246, 253
Ordeals, 59, 60, 64, 132-135, 190
Organisation, see Grades, Membership, Officials, Puberty
Schools Orisha Society, 17, 18, 28, 52, 119, 173, 175, 183, 236,
263 Ornaments, see Costumes, Dances Oro Society, 15, 16, 17, 18, 27, 52, 53, 74, 75, 81, 86, 107,
119, 129, 157, 160, 166, 168, 172, 174, 175, 183, 189, 228,
229, 233, 237, 248, 258, 261 Oro-Egbo, 235, 236, 237 OsHORBO Society, 19, 53, 183, 257, 272 OvATO Society, 20, 277 OviA Scoiety, 19, 177, 243, 262 OvRA Society, 20, 35, 104, 176, 27S Owo Society, 20, 275 Owu-Egbo Society, 20, 35, 90, 272 Oyeni Society, 19, 45, "j^, 74,79, 81, 85,91, 92, 124, 132, 167,
210, 247, 262 Oyo (Nigeria) Tribe, 229 Oyo Society, see Oro
Painting, see Body Painting
Panther Societies, 20, 283
Passwords, 27, 218, 220, 263
Pederasty, see Phallicism
Penda-Penda Society, 15, 16, 48, 115, 150, 153, 155 63, 165, 177, 213, 223, 224
Pendumbu, see Sierra Leone
Persian Rites, 14
Phallicism, 83, 175, 233, 237, 245, 258, 260, 261, 262, 276
PhalHc Societies, see Bili, Chibados, Dus, Dj'oro, Ekene, Ekongola, Eturi, Gelede, Humoi, Kongold, Mawungu, Muemba, Ngbe, Ngi, Nimm, Njembe, Ovia, Ramena, Raruba, Shopono
Phoenician Rites, 96
Phonetism, see Officials, Puberty Schools
Play and Dance Clubs, see Aiyasa, Ankumunko, Borro-Mia- Gundu, Eturi, Kaloko, Koliumbo, Kure, Social Organisa- tions, Wunde, Yasi
Plays, Players, 269-273
Poet Laureate, see Folklore, Officials
Poisons, see Medicines
Polish Rites, 14
314 INDEX
Political Associations, see Epe, Idiong, Joosai, Kinki, Kufong, Oyeni
Policemen, see Officials
Polynesian Rites, 231
PoRO Society, 17, 18, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 36, 38, 39, 40, 42, 45, 46, 52, 53. 70. 72, 76, 80, 81, 82, 84, 93, 95, 103, 105, 107, 109, 112, 117, 119, 120, 125, 128, 132, 141, 142, 150, 151, 152, 162, 165, 166, 169, 170, 171, 176, 178, 189, 198, 199, 202, 206, 207, 208, 210, 211, 215, 224, 227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 233, 234, 239, 241, 242, 249, 250, 256, 258, 260, 263, 272,
273
Portuguese West Africa, see Angola
Prayer, prayers, see Festivals, Initiation, Purifications, Teaching, Theology
Priestly Associations, see Ayaka, Ebomici, Eyo, Homowo, Ikung, Law-God Societies, Malanda, Mori, Nda. Nimm, Nri, Okonko, Oyeni, Qairowan, Si'mo, Ukukwe
Priests, Priestesses, 2;^, 74, 88, 89, 91, 132, 234, 235, 236, 237, 239, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 253, 256, 257, 259, 268, 269
Princess, see Officials
Probationers, see Initiation, Membership
Processions, 92-96, 213, 214, 215
Prohibition Societies, see Banban, Dubaia, Ebomici, Gbang- bani, Humoi, Izyoga, Kangar, Kemah, Mannekeh, Mawungu, Ngi, Sande, Tuntu
Proverbs, see Folklore
Protective Societies, see Ampora, Babende, Bili, Boibente Dus, Ebere, Egugu, Egungun, Ekongola, Ekkpe, Ekkpo- Njawhaw, Eluku, Flung, Eturi, Eyo, Gbangbani, Jamboi, Kimpasi, Kofoo, Kongold, Kufong, Mahammah-Jamboh, Malanda, Mawungu, Mukanda, Nanam, Ndembo, Ngbe, Odiiwa, Oshorbo, Owo, Oyeni, Shopono, Sindungo, Tilang, Ukuku, Ikukwe, Yassi, Zangbeto
Prussian Rites, see German
Puberty Schools, 26, 92, 93, 97, 107-119, 122-217
Punic Rites, 26
Punishments, see Ordeals
Purifications, 31, 33, 79, 85, 90, 91, 259-263
Purification Societies, see Apowa, Bili, Bundu, Chibados, Ebere, Ebomici, Eturi, Humoi, Iban-Isong, Izyoga, Katah- wira, Katahwiriba, Lubuku, Mahammah-Jamboh, Malanda, Muemba, Mukuku, Naferi, Nanam, Ndito-Iban, Ngi, Njembe, Odiiwe, Odwira, Ovia, Ramena, Segere, Wanka, Zangbeto
Putu (Liberia) Tribe, 225
INDEX 315
Putu Society, see Boviowah Pythagorean Rites, see Grecian
Oairowan Society, 15, 219, 221 Quoja Society, see Belli-Paaro Ouolla, see Duala
Ramena Society, 19, 25, 35, S^, 262
Raruba Society, 19, 167, 177, 265
Rattles, see Musical Instruments
Reincarnation, see After-Death Spirits
Religious Ceremonies, see Festivals, Puberty Schools
Religious Teaching, see Prayers, Theology
Respect to Elders, Chiefs, see Ethical Teaching
Retreat Life, 107-114, 120-122, 131-147
Revengers, see Officials
Rio de Oro, 218, 219
Rio de Oro Peoples, see Arab, Berber
Rio de Oro Societies, see Oairowan, Sirri
Rites, see Circumcision, l3eath. Doctors, Fertility, Grades,
Initiation, Life, Ordeals, Puberty Schools, Teaching Roman, Ancient, History, Rites, 13, 112, 198, 209 Roman Catholic Church, 15, 216 Ronietta, see Sierra Leone Rubbers, see Officials Russian Rites, 103, 209
Sacred Colours, 82
Sacred Enclosure, 25, 107-114, 232
Sacred Persons, see Supreme Officials
Sacred Possessions, 23, 51, 52, 53, 80, 127-130
Sacred Trees, 11 1, 209
Sacrifices, 30, 35, 87, 88
Sanctifications, see Purifications
Sanda-Temne (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 255
Sanda-Temne Societies, see Agbaia, Kofoo
Sand:© Society, 19, 140, 239, 251, 263
Scapulimancy, see Divination
Seclusion, see Retreat Life
Segere Society, 19, 263, 277
Sekondi, see Gold Coast
3i6 INDEX
Sembe Society, i6, 35, 46, loi, 129, 206, 225, 227, 228
Semitic Peoples, see Arab
Sempe (Gold Coast) Tribe, 247
Sempe Society, see Oyeni
Senegal, Senegalese, 16, 218, 2ig, 224
Senegal Peoples, see Bambara, Bobo, Mandingo, Wakore, Wangara
Senegalese Societies, see Dou, Masubori, Mori, Naferi, Penda- Penda, Poro, Qairowan, Sirri
Senegambia, see Gambia, Senegal
Senufo (Ivory Coast) Tribe, 182
Serpents, see Snakes
Shari-Chad Protectorate, see Bagirmi
Shavers, see Officials
Shekani (Nigeria) Tribe, 279
Shekani Society, see Miwetyi
Sherbro-Bullom (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 239, 241, 258, 260, 276, 282
Sherbro-Bullom Societies, see Ankoi, Hiimoi
Sherbro (Sierra Leone) Peoples, see Gallinas, Mende, Sherbro- Bullom, Vai
Sherbro, Societies, see Ampora, Bundu, Kufong, Poro, Tilang, Tormai, Tongo-Players, Tuntu
Shopono Society, 258
Shouts, 161, 162
Shrines, see Chapels, Sacred Possessions
Sicilian Rites, 14
Sierra Leone, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 25, 27, 39, 76, 95, iii, 152, 155, 171, 194, 226, 227, 228, 229, 230, 239, 245, 248, 249, 251, 253, 255, 256, 258, 259, 260, 262, 263, 265, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 281, 282, 283
Sierra Leone Peoples, see Gallinas, Gpa-Mende, Kafu-Bullom, Koranko, Koya, Limba, Lokko, Mende, Sanda-Temne, Sherbro, Sherbro-Bullom, Temne, Vai
Sierra Leone Societies, see Agbaia, Aiyasa, Alligator, Ampora, Andomba, Ankoi, Ankumunko, Baboon, Banban, Baya- Gbunde, Boa, Boibente, Borro-Mia-Gundu, Bundu, Dubaia, Egungun, Gbangbani, Humoi, Jamboi, Joosai, Kaloko, Kambonbonke, Kangar, Kemah, Kinki, Kofoo, Koliumbo, Kono, Kufong, Kure, Leopard, Mahammah-Jamboh, Mannekeh, Nanam, Nimm, Poro, Ramena, Raruba, Sande, Segere, Sembe, Tilang, Tongo-Players, Tuntu, Tormai, Wanka, Wunde, Yassi
Signs and Symbols, 27, 29, 30, 32, 39, 169-179
Sikon (Liberia) Tribe, 225
INDEX 317
Sikon Society, see Boviowah
Si'mo Society, 15, 16, 17, 18, 155, 200, 223, 225, 228, 229, 230, 233, 234, 260
Sin, see Purifications, Sacrifices
SiNDUNGO Society, 16, loi, 153, 174, 224
SiRRi Society, 15, 218
Smelling Out, see Doctors
Snakes, 185
Snuff-taking, see Initiation, Ordeals, Puberty Schools
Social Organisations, see Andomba, Ankoi, Bweti, Co-op- erative Societies, Dance and Play Clubs, Ebere, Ekene, Ekkpo-Njawhaw, Eturi, Gelede, Kono, Ovato, Ovra, Tormai
Societies, see Democratic and Patriotic, Mystic and Religious, Subversive and Criminal
Society Benedictions, 79, 80
Society Benefits, see Benefits
Society Celebrations, see Festivals, Retreats, Processions
Society Costumes, see Costumes
Society Grades, see Grades
Society Headquarters, see Headquarters
Society Languages, see Languages
Society Masks, see Masks
Society Money, 33
Society Names, 148, 149
Society Ofiicials, see Council, Officials, Supreme Officials
Society Oracles, see Oracles
Society Ordeals, see Ordeals
Society Symbols, see Signs and Symbols
Society Teaching, see Teaching, Society
Society Voices, see Voices
Society Vows, 127-130
Songs, 138, 154, 155
Sorcerers, see Magicians
Sortilege, see Divination
South-Sea Rites, 263
Spanish Guinea, 258
Spanish Guinea Society, see Ukuku
Spartan Rites, 138
Spirits, see After-Death Spirits
Spiritualism, see Theology
Stanleyville, see Belgian Congo
Staves, see Grades, Signs and Symbols, Supreme Officials
Stools, Stoolings, see Grades, Priestly Associations
Stringed Instruments, see Musical Instruments
3i8 INDEX
Subversive and Criminal Associations, see Alligator, Baboon, Boa, Leopard, Panther, Tongo-Players
Sudan, Sudanese, 218, 221, 222
Sudan Peoples, see Asben, Bornu
Sudan Societies, see Kongcorong, Mori, Sirri
Superstitions, see Astrology, Channs, Circumcision, Doctors, Fetishes, New Life, Puberty Schools, Sacred Enclosures
Supreme Deities, 181, 182
Supreme Officials, 24, 28, 34, 71-85, 95, 114, 122, 123, 139, 169, 209, 210, 213, 219, 220, 222, 223, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231, 232, 233, 234, 235, 236, 238, 239, 241, 244, 245, 246, 247, 248, 250, 251, 252, 253, 254, 256, 257, 259, 264, 265, 266, 267, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 283
Susu Peoples, 18, 155, 218, 221, 222, 223, 228, 230
Susu Societies, see Kongcorong, Mori, Penda-Penda, Pore, Si'mo, Sirri
Symbolic Figures, see Phallicism, Sign and Symbols
Sympathy, see Ethical Teaching
Taboos, 65, 75, 141-144
Teaching, see Ethical, Religious
Tekna Tribe, 219
Tekna Society, see Qairowan
Temne Language, Peoples, 18, 25, 104, 121, 152, 155, 182,
185, 193, 195, 200, 230, 231, 232, 239, 240, 249, 251, 252,
256, 258, 262, 265, 269, 270, 271, 272, 278 Temne Societies, see Aiyasa, Ankumunko, Boibente, Borro-Mia-
Gundu, Bundu, Kaloko, Kambonbonke, Kangar, Kemah,
Kufong, Mannekeh, Poro, Ramena, Raruba, Sande, Tilang,
Wunde Thebes, see Egypt Theft, see Ethical Teaching Theology, Society, 180-203
Tilang Society, 19, 35, 129, 135, 172, 200, 258, 277 Timbuktu, see Senegal Togoland, see Dahomey, Gold Coast Tongo-Players Society, 20, 42, 61, 66, 95, loi, 161, 170,
174, 178, 251, 283 ToRMAi Society, 20, 39, 40, 82, 176, 241, 278 Tortoise Sign, see Fertility, Phallicism Toxicology, see Medicines
Trade Guilds, see Ayaka, Bakelebroa, Kambonbonke, Miwetyi Traditions, see Folklore
INDEX 319
Treasurer, see Officials
Tribal Customs, see Ethical Teaching
Tribal Gods, 1S4-187
Tribes, see Hamitic, Libyan, Libyo-Hamitic, Libyo-Negroid,
Negroid, Semitic Tricks, Trick Dances, see Dances, Doctors, Magicians Tripoli, 220
Tripolitan Society, see Masubori Tshi-Speaking Tribes, see Ga-Speaking Tunis, Tunisians, 219, 220, 221 Tunisian Societies, see Masubori, Oai'rowan TuNTU Society, 19, 90, 251 Turkish Rites, 14 Tutors, see Officials, Puberty Schools, Teaching
Ugo (Nigeria) Tribe, 243
Ugo Society, see Ebomici
Ukuku Society, 19, 40, 42, 151, 216, 258
Ukukwe Society, 19, 248
Undertakers, see Officials
United States, see American Rites
Upper Volta, iS, 19, 186, 237, 253
Upper Volta Peoples, see Dinla, Lobi, Mossi
Upper Volta Societies, see Alligator, Baboon, Dus, Dj-oro
Vai (Sierra Leone) Tribe, 18, 227, 251
Vai Societies, see Sande, Sembe
Vassa, see Sierra Leone
Ventriloquists, see Officials, Puberty Schools
Voices, Society, see Bull-Roarers, Drum, Horn, Languages,
Message, Oracles, Shouts, Songs Voodoo Rites, see Nimm Vows, see Society Vows
Wakore (Senegal) Tribe, 226 Wakore Society, see Naferi Wangara (Senegal) Tribe, 226 Wangara Society, see Naferi Wanka Society, 20, 268
War Clubs, see Abam, Belli-Paaro, Boviowah, Ebu-Meku, Egbo, Ekongola, Javia Kartas, Odwira, Orisha, Oyeni, Si'mo War Dances, see Dances
320 INDEX
Water Carriers, see Officials
Water, Blessing of, see Festivals
Western Bantu-Negroid Tribes, see Bakongo, Bangongo, Bakuba, Bula, Congolese, Duala, Igalwa, Kabinda,Mpangwe, Mpongwe, Ogowe
Western Negroid Tribes, see Accra, Angoy, Asben, Ashanti, Ashanti-Akan, Aulo, Awori, Awunu, Baga, Bakele, Bakelebroa, Bakuena, Bakundu, Bakwiri, Bashilange Batanga, Batshok, Batwa, Bobo, Bushongo, Dahomi, Dinla, Ebo, Ede, Egbado, Ekita, Gallinas, Geduma, Gobir, Gpa-Mende, Ibani, Igbiri, Ituri, Kafu-Bullom, Kagora, Koranko, Koya, Kpengwa, Krepi, Kru Tribes, Kukuruku, Kwa, Limba, Loango, Lobi, Lokko, Mende, Mossi, Nkoranza, Nupe, Ogwali, Quoja, Sanda-Temne, Sempe, Senufo, Shekani, Sherbro-Bullom, Sherbro, Tekna, Temne, Ugo, Yoruba Peoples, Yoruba-Kindred Peoples
West-Sudan Negroid, see Mandingo
Whipping, see Ordeals
Witch-Doctors, see Doctors
Women Membership Societies, see Ankoi, Bundu, Chibados, Ebere, Humoi, Iban-Isong, Katahwiriba, Kemah, Kimpasi, Kinki, Kofoo, Mawungu, Mukuku, Nkamba, Ramena, Raruba, Sande, Segere, Yassi
Wongara Society, see Naferi
Writing Stick, see Divination
WundE Society, 20, 273
Yasi Society, 20, 273
Yassi Society, 19, 22, 25, 42, 71, 98, 120, 140, 163, 176, 200,
205, 21T, 228, 239, 241, 259 Yoruba Peoples, see Elik, Egba, Ibadan, Ibo, Ife, Ijebu,
Oyo, Yoruba Yoruba Tribe, 18, 177, 183, 1S9, 195, 224, 225, 235, 236, 253,
Yoruba Societies, see Egungun, Katahwiri, Katahwiriba,
Ogboni, Oshorbo, Zangbeto Yoruba-Kin red Peoples, see Akuna-kuna, Andoni, Aro,
Ekoi, Ibibio YuGU Society, 19, 35, 42, 206, 265
Zangbeto Society, 20, 269 Zombo, see Belgian Congo
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