VIII. and his minister Dacre against Scotland more moral

than these ? Were not their attempts to sow treason and disaffection among the Scotch lords an exact exemplifica- tion of this Utopian policy?" — Brewer, The Reign of Henry VIII. , I, 289.
177: 11. Zapoletes. Lupton first pointed out (252) that this name is derived from Za-, the intensive, and irwXet?, to sell; and therefore means ready sellers (of themselves), or readily sold.
177: 12. five hundred miles from Utopia eastward. Switzerland is about this distance to the southeast of England; and at the very time that More wrote this Henry VIII. was bargaining for the services of the Swiss, the great mercenaries of the period, to fight against their former allies, the French.
177 : 13. hideous. A somewhat too strong word to translate horridus, rough.
177 : 16. abhorring from. Turning in disgust from.
Digitized byGoOgk
300
NOTES
178 : 5. whomwith they be in wages. From whom they are to receive their wages.
178 : 10. a little more money. Between 1500 and 1515 the Swiss had fought as mercenaries both for and against the French.
178 : 23. taken a smack in. Gained a taste for. Cf . note on 14 : 19.
179: 19. join to. Add.
179 : 25. by inheritance. The Spartans had a similar law. Cf . Thucydides, IV, 38. 180: 1. miscarry. Come to grief.
" There miscarried a vessel of our country."
— Shakspere, Merchant of Venice, II, viii, 29.
180 : 12. so that they be. Provided they be. ^
180 : 24. in set field. In battle array.
181 : 4. help one another. More may have derived this idea from what Tacitus says {Germania, VII) was the custom of the Germans : " their squadrons or battalions, instead of being formed by chance or a fortuitous gather- ing, are composed of families and clans."
181 : 8. to their hands. I.e., if the enemy fights through the mercenaries and allies to the Utopians themselves. i
182 : 2. knowledge in chivalry and feats of arms putteth them in a good hope. Knowledge of horsemanship and the use of weapons gives them confidence.
183 : 18. spite of their teeth. Spite of all opposition. An analogous expression is Chaucer's " maugre his head," spite of his head : Knight's Tale, 1169 and 2618.
184 : 7. softly. Quietly. Robynson failed to trans- | late More's tali seruato or dine, keeping such order.
184 : 15. adventures. Unexpected attacks.
184 : 24. strongly and surely. It is noteworthy that the Utopians use the weapons that won so many victories for the English, bows and arrows and pole-axes.
185 : 1. which be mortal. Hence when Theseus, in
Digitized byGoOgk
NOTES
301
Chaucer's Knight's Tale (2537-2560) so modified his order as to make the contest between Palamon and Arcite and their knights a tournament rather than a battle, pole- axes were among the weapons that might not be brought into the lists.
185 : 2. foins. Thrusts. The long sword was merely a cutting weapon; the pole-axe, being a combination of spear and axe, was used for both thrusts and cutting blows.
186 : 9. lay it upon their necks that be conquered. Make the conquered pay for it. Cf. note on 77 : 13.
186: 16. ducats. The gold ducat, so named because first coined by Italian dukes, was worth about $2.25, so that this sum would be some $1,575,000, at a time when money had about eight times its present purchasing power.
187 : 12. other of the planets. As has been stated (132 : 3), More believed in the geocentric conception of the universe, according to which the sun was merely a planet that revolved around the earth. Caesar says of the Germans : " They rank in the number of the gods those alone whom they behold, and by whose instrumentality they are obviously benefited, namely, the sun, fire, and the* moon." — De Bello Gallico, VI, 21. Bohn tr., 151.
188 : 1. Neither they give. Nor do they give.
188 : 8. Mythra. Having said that the Utopian lan- guage resembled the Persian (151 : 5), More carries out his fiction by giving to the chief deity the name of the Persian sun-god.
188: 21. as he was minded. About the time he had made up his mind.
189 : 12. Christ instituted. " This is too strong a ren- dering of Christo placuisse : 4 that Christ approved of a com- munity of living among his followers.' " — Lupton, 269.
189 : 14. the lightest Christian companies. among monks and friars. Cf . Introduction, xii and xiii, on More's leaning towards the monastic life.
189 : 17. us four. Originally the company that left
Digitized byGoOgk
302
NOTES
the fort consisted of Hythloday and five companions (22 : 5). Note the verisimilitude given by the realistic touch of making two die during their travels.
190: 1. Christian bishop. Cf. the statement in M ore's letter to Giles (12 : 23) that 44 a devout and godly man" intended to sue the Pope to make him bishop of Utopia!
190 : 7. our company. Not used in the same sense as before (189 : 18), but to mean association or congregation of Christians.
190 : 9. more earnest affection. Greater zeal.
190: 14. devilish. The sense of the Latin is better given by Burnet (176), 44 impious and sacrilegious persons.' ' More seems to be gently satirizing the frequent over- zealous proselyte.
190:22. his own religion. Lupton gives (271) as a more accurate translation of this important sentence :
For they reckon this among their most ancient (or, most important) institutions, that no one's religion should be an injury to him ; " and says, 44 The passage is one to be noted, not only as bearing on More's own views of religious toleration, but as laying down a distinction, sig- nificant as coming from him, between punishing an act as an offence against religion, and as an offence against the public peace of the realm."
190 : 23. King. Cf . note on 87 : 3.
191 : 3. every several sect took several parts. Each different sect fought independently.
191 : 4. the only occasion of. All that gave opportunity for.
19L; 18. King. Cf. note on 87 : 3.
192:5. to be true. 44 More's tone is too serious, and I the arguments he makes Utopus employ too solid and convincing, to allow us to regard all this as merely proper to the romance. On the other hand, if the words express to us the author's own thoughts on the subject of religious toleration, how are we to reconcile them with his avowed principles at a later period? " — Lupton, 272.
Digitized byGoOgk
NOTES
303
192 : 9. the own power. Its own power. Cf . note on 129 : 11.
192 : 23. at all adventures. At all hazards, by chance.
193 : 14. of all sort. By all classes.
193 : 18. to believe what he list. Cf . John Fiske, The Will to Believe.
193 : 21. all manner of lies. Elsewhere More states that God doth " much mislike lying."
193 : 23. and that only. I.e., this prohibition applies only to discussion among the common people.
194: 11. all they. They all.
194 : 14. carefully. Full of care and anxiety.
194 : 20. runneth. " He would further say unto them, that, upon his faith, if he might perceive his wife and chil- dren would encourage him to die in a good cause, that it should so comfort him, that for very joy thereof, it would make him merrily run to death." — Roper, 239.
195 : 8. burn the bodies. As this was the mode used by the Persians for disposing of corpses, once again More is carrying out his fiction that the Utopians had points in common with the Persians.
195 : 13. their. I.e., of the dead.
196 : 3. be presently conversant. Be associated in person.
196 : 7. the present conversation. The personal inter- course.
196 : 12. flight or voices of birds. " From ' sothe sayings ' to 'birdes* is all an equivalent for the single word auguria" — Lupton, 279.
196 : 14. miracles. More's Confutation of Tindale shows that he himself believed that " God cease th no year to work miracles."
196 : 22. thereof coming. Therefrom arising.
197: 1. of things. I.e., of secular things.
198 : 13. the holier. Cf . Introduction, xiii.
198 : 20. religion. Robynson omits a sentence, a trans- lation of which is supplied from Burnet.
Digitized byGoOgk
304
NOTES
198: 21. buthrescas. Coined by More from jSov-, ex- ceedingly, and 0pi)
198 : 25. very few. More thought that many of the evils in the church of his time arose from the freedom with which persons who had no vocation or qualifications therefor were consecrated to the priesthood.
199 : 9. bishop. Cf . note on 113 : 23.
199 : 12. of their own company. By their companion priests.
199 : 14. religions. Religious rites and ceremonies.
199 : 23. saving that . . . divine matters. Except that the priests excommunicate from having any interest in divine matters those whom they find exceedingly vi- cious livers.
200 : 18. women. Whatever may have been his per- sonal opinion at the time he wrote this, More in his contro- versial writings against the Protestants opposed the ad- mission of women to the priesthood and the marriage of the clergy.
201 : 3. after so singular a sort. In such an especial manner.
201 : 21. mean virtues. Ordinary virtues.
202 : 6. a bloody victory. This is. a sharp satire on some of the prelates of More's time, who not only incited their princes to war but personally fought with their armies.
202 : 6. get the upper hand. Overcome, conquer. Chaucer says of the Shipman among the Canterbury pil- grims,
"If that he f aught, and hadde the hyer hond ; By water he sente hem hoom to every lond."
— Prologue, 399.
202 : 7. into the main battle. Into the thick of the fight.
202 : 24. equal and indifferent conditions. Equal and impartial terms.
Digitized byGoOgk
NOTES
305
203 : 9. cynemernes. Lupton suggests (28§J_that this word is derived from 44 Kvvynepivbs, 4 the dog's day of the month,' strictly the night between the old and new, when food was placed out at the cross-roads, and the barking of the dogs was taken as a sign of the approach of Hecate."
203 : 10. trapemernes. "So in likemanner Tpaw-rj/jLepivbs would express the turning or closing day of the month." — Lupton, 289.
203 : 21. dim and doubtful light.
"Storied windows richly (light, Casting a dim religious light."
— Milton, II Pemeroso, 159.
204 : 5. sacrifice. 41 As the Utopians had no sacrifices, . . . the Latin (sacrum) would be more correctly trans- lated 4 rite.' " — Collins, 241.
205 : 18. the left side. Separation of the sexes was the common practice in the churches of More's time. 44 Whereas upon the holy-days, during his high office of Chancellorship, one of his gentlemen, when service at the church was done, ordinarily used to come to my Lady, his wife's pew, and say unto her, 4 Madam, my Lord is gone,' the next holy-day after the surrender of his office and departure of his gentlemen, he came unto my Lady, his wife's pew himself, and making a low curtsey, said unto her, 4 Madam, my Lord is gone.' " — Roper, 238.
205 : 22. goodman . . . goodwif e. Formerly in com- mon use to designate the heads of families.
205 : 24. abroad. Away from home.
206 : 13. this gear. This stuff. The contemptuous tone here is Robynson's rather than More's : the Latin is simply haec, this.
206 : 20. changeable colors. The meaning of the Latin is rather parti-colors.
207: 1. countervail the price. Equal the esteem.
207 : 10. out of the vestry. The Latin is ex adyto, from the innermost part of the temple, x
Digitized byGoOgk
306
NOTES
207: 17. sing praises unto God. His piety and his love of music led More, even when chancellor, to sing in the choir of the parish church at Chelsea. "This Duke [of Norfolk] coming on a time to Chelsea to dine with him, fortuned to find him at the church, singing in the choir, with a surplice on his back ; to whom after service, as they went homewards together arm in arm, the Duke said, ' God's body, God's body, my Lord Chancellor, a parish clerk, a parish clerk! You dishonor the Kin£ and his office/ * Nay/ quoth Sir Thomas More, smiling upon the Duke ; 4 your Grace may not think that the King, your master and mine, will with me for serving of God, his master, be offended, or thereby account his office dis- honored.' " — Roper, 236.
208 : 6. the hearers' minds. Both Plato (Republic, III, 398-401) and Aristotle (Politics, VIII, 5) have similar pas- sages on the power of music ; but neither was necessarily in the mind of such a music-lover as More when he wrote this.
208 : 8. expressly pronounced. Burnet's (196) "in a set form of words better expresses More's idea.
209 : 6. come to him. Robynson neglected to translate facile, easily.
209 : 14. chivalry. Military training. Cf. 216 : 6. 210 : 9. so that. Provided.
210: 17. his wife's importunate complaints. From what Roper tells us of More's second wife, one is led to suspect a personal touch here.
210 : 20. nephews. In early English this frequently meant, as here, grandsons.
211 : 2. justice. In Plato's Republic, Socrates is led to sketch the ideal state by an endeavor to define justice.
211 : 3. I forsake God. Simply a strong asservation.
211 : 5. goldsmith. In More's time the goldsmiths were also bankers.
211 : 12. as drawing and bearing beasts. As draught animals and beasts of burden.
Digitized byGoOgk
NOTES
307
211 : 24. killeth them up. Killeth them off.
212 : 8. no gentle provision. In several modern gov- ernments old-age pensions are paid to laborers and arti- sans.
212: 25. force of a law. "A reference to the Statute of Laborers passed in 1495-96, and again in 1514." — Collins, 244.
213 : 8. gathered together.
"The good old rule Sufficeth them, the simple plan, That they should take, who have the power, And they should keep who can."
— Wordsworth, Rob Roy's Grace.
213 : 24. brabbling. Wrangling.
"Here in the streets, desperate of shame and state, In private brabble did we apprehend him."
— Shakspere, Twelfth Night, V, 67.
214 : 2 money dieth ? 44 May I have no need, I nor any that I call friend, of gold and silver. For all human evils spring from the desire of these, seditions and wars, conspiracies and murders. The fountain of them all is the desire of more." — Lucian, Cynicus, Fowler's tr., IV, 179. 44 Lawsuits were banished from Lacedaemon with money. The Spartans knew neither riches nor poverty, but possessed an equal competency, and had a cheap and easy way of supplying their few wants." — Plutarch's Lives, Lycurgus, Langhorne's tr., I, 152. 44 Because the world's coinage has been the cause of countless impieties," the 44 guardians ' ' in Plato's ideal state are to be 44 forbidden to handle or touch gold and silver, or enter under the same roof with them, or to wear them on their dresses, or to drink out of the precious metals." — Republic, Davies and Vaughan's tr., Bk. Ill, 116.
214 : 16. that same worthy princess, Lady Money. The personification is Robynsons: More wrote merely
Digitized byGoOgk
308
NOTES
beata ilia pecunia, which Burnet translates (203), " that blessed thing called money."
214 : 18. a God's name. In God's name.
44 What, welcome be the cut, a Goddes name !"
— Chaucer, Prologue, 854.
215 : 7. Pride. This denunciation of pride, put into the mouth of Hythloday, is thoroughly in accord with the sentiments of More himself as expressed in other works.
215 : 10. by her good will. With her consent.
216 : 4. no jeopardy of domestical dissension. No danger of domestic strife.
216 : 15. of no good reason. This is decidedly weaker than More's perquam absurde, very absurdly.
216: 16. fashion of their chivalry. Manner of their military operations. More's Latin is de belli gerendi ratione.
217 : 2. against his mind. Contrary to his opinion.
217 : 7. communication. Account.
217: 18. than hope after. This sentence expresses seriously More's attitude towards his work. It is not his ideal state, but a realistic account of an imaginary govern- ment, whose institutions, laws, and customs, he regarded, in the words of Sir James Mackintosh, " with almost every | possible degree of approbation and shade of assent ; from the frontiers of serious and entire belief, through grada- tions of descending plausibility, where the lowest are scarcely more than the exercises of the ingenuity, and to , which some wild paradoxes are appended, either as a I vehicle, or as an easy means (if necessary) of disavowing the serious intention of the whole of this Platonic fiction." I — Life of More, Lardner's Cabinet of Biography, I, 27.
221 : 7. a friend. George Tadlowe. Cf . 5 : 15.
222 : 1. proverb. Lumby states (185) that Erasmus gives it in Latin, but as a quotation from Aristotle.
222: 11. Terence. 4 4 The life of man is as when we play at dice ; if the throw that was most wanted comes
Digitized byGoOgk
NOTES
309
not up, we must correct that by skill which chance has sent us." — Adelphi, IV, vii, 21. Patrick's tr.
223 : 20. to be found. Cf . Introduction, lix.
223 : 25. wink at. Cf . note on 75 : 25.
224 : 3. Buslyde. Jerome Busleyden was not only provost of the church of Arienn and counsellor to King Charles, but a canon of Brussels, Mechlin, and Cambray. To the original edition of the Utopia was appended a letter by him complimentary of More and his work. He died within a year of writing it, leaving a large bequest for the foundation of a college for the teaching of Hebrew, Greek, and Latin in the University of Louvain.
224 : 4. Arienn. Aire, a small town some thirty miles southeast of Calais, now included in France. 224 : 5. King Charles. Cf . note on 17 : 5. 224 : 16. subject to the eye. Laid out before the eye.
225 : 8. Ulysses. Cf . note on 20 : 23. 225 : 12. Vespucci. Cf. note on 21 : 11.
226 : 2. perceived. Giles must have smiled to himself as he wrote this humorously satirical sentence.
226 : 16. couched together. Placed side by side.
227 : 5. margent. Margin. Robynson omitted the Utopian alphabet and the marginal notes from the first edition of his translation. The notes appear in the second, but add little to the elucidation of the text. Cf . Introduc- tion, xxxv.
227 : 18. addict to hear. Bent on hearing.
227:21. certain of his words. A homely, realistic touch, like so many in the Utopia, designed to give veri- similitude to More's fiction. Cf. Introduction, xlix.
228:4. homeward. I.e., to Portugal.
228 : 6. could not away. Could not agree, could not go on the way with. Cf. note on 14 : 25.
228 : 22. author hereof. Authority for this.
230: 1. king. Giles* Latin is dux, leader.
230 : 8. with all my heart. The meaning of the final
Digitized byGoOgk
310 NOTES
couplet is, As I am nothing loth to impart what is mine, so I am ready with all my heart to receive what is better.
230 : 10. Anemolius. From dye/tdXiot , windy ; used by Homer to designate a braggart. Lupton says (xciii), " It is probable that in calling Anemolius ' poet laureate ' here, a hit is intended at John Skelton," a writer of irreg- ular verse, " who bore that title in More's time. . . . Skelton was the great opponent of More's friend Lily." Note that there is nothing to denote that Anemolius was " the Utopian laureate," as has been stated by several commentators; that he was' Hythloday's nephew is in the way of such an interpretation.
280: 13. void of haunt and herborough. Seldom visited and without provision for strangers.
230 : 14. Plato's city. I.e., the imaginary one in Plato's Republic.
230 : 23. Eutopic. From cti, well or blessed, and t6xo$, a place. Both Dibdin (II, 3) and Ruskin (Fors Clavigera, Letter VII) consider this the derivation of Utopia. Cf. note on 63 : 13.
231 : 1. Gerard Noviomage. Lupton states (320) that Gerhard Geldenhauer (1482-1542), called Noviomagus from the place of his birth, was a teacher of philosophy | in the University of Louvain, who became court chaplain of King Charles of Austria. Later he became a Lutheran and taught at Augsburg and Marburg.
231 : 14. Cornelius Graphey. Born at Alst in Flan- ders in 1482, Cornelius Schreiber, whose name was Latinized as Grapheus, became secretary of Antwerp. In 1520 he published a work favoring the Reformation and in consequence was imprisoned at Brussels until he recanted in 1522. He died at Antwerp in 1558. He was "eminent in the arts and sciences, a historian, orator, poet, and musician, master of several languages, and on terms of intimate friendship with the celebrated Erasmus." — Ullmann, Reformers before the Reformation, I, 136.
Digitized byGoOgk
GLOSSARY
(Unusual words that appear but once and are explained in the notes are not included in this glossary.)
a, in.
abide, endure, await, suffer.
able, enable.
abuse, ill use.
acquitteth, requites.
adjoined, added.
advance (themselves), exalt, put forward.
advisement, advice.
advoided, avoided.
advowtry, adultery.
affiance, faith.
alliance, kindred, relatives.
alliant, akin.
allow, commend, praise.
appaired, impaired.
applied, adapted.
approve, prove.
as far forth, in as much as, so far as.
assaying, attempting, trying.
assentation, agreement.
astonied, astonished.
attemper, accommodate.
author, originator; authority.
available, serviceable, ad- vantageous.
avale, abase, degrade.
avaunt, pride.
avowters, adulterers.
311
a-work, at work.
belike, probably, besieged, beset, encumbered, borderers, inhabitants of
neighboring countries, brunt, spurt, onset, by and by, immediately, by low, below, lowly.
careful, full of care.
carefully, in a manner full of care, anxiously.
cark, concern greatly.
cast, condemned.
cautel, quibble; precaution, proviso.
cavillation, quibble, tech- nicality.
chaffer, trade.
chases, private unenclosed hunting grounds.
chivalry, horsemanship, mili- tary training.
clean, entirely.
color, apparent reason, ex- cuse.
commodious, advantageous,
comfortable, conceit, fancy, opinion.
Digitized byGoOgk
312
GLOSSARY
conduction, leadership, conversation, intercourse, corn, grain.
countervail, equal, make up for.
covin, deceit, treachery, crack, boast, brag, craft, means, cunning, skilful, curious, elaborate, customably, customarily.
danger, jurisdiction, power, defenced, defended, delectable, enjoyable, delectation, delight, pleasure, denounced, proclaimed, derived, diverted, conducted, device, purpose, determina- tion.
disallowed, condemned.
disannulled, disregarded.
discrived, distinguished ; de- scried.
diserdes, dolts.
dishonest, dishonorable.
dishonesty, dishonor, dis- grace.
disprove, disapprove.
dissident, disagreeing.
do, makes.
dors, drones.
doubted, feared. -
dreuell, drudge.
embraiding, upbraiding.
empery, empire, endanger, subject, influ- ence, endued, endowed, enforce, force, ensample, example, ensure, assure, entered, initiated, entreat, treat, consider, erst, formerly, espial, spy.
esteem, estimate, judge.
fain, forced.
fantasy, fancy.
fashion, order, appearance.
fear, frighten.
fearful, terrifying.
feat, use, deed, art.
fells, skins, hides.
fond, silly, foolish.
forborne, refrained from.
forby, past.
fore-feeling, anticipation.
forego, give up.
foreseen, provided.
forestall, buy up in antici- pation of a scarcity.
found, maintained.
fraight, fraught, freighted, laden.
fray, frighten, deter.
gallant, gay.
glebe land, arable land.
grief, pain.
Digitized byGoOgk
GLOSSARY
313
gross, obvious, common,
general, gyves, fetters.
hailsed, greeted, saluted.
handsome, handy.
harmless, without harm.
harness, armor.
holpen, helped.
homely, careless ; simply,
negligently, honest, honorable, honesty, honor, humanity, politeness, culture, husband, cultivate.
impbraid, upbraid, improved, disapproved, in, on.
incontinent, immediately.
indifferent, moderately, im- partially.
indifferently, equally.
infamed, disgraced, despised.
ingross, buy at wholesale.
instruments, legal docu- ments.
inured, accustomed.
invade, attack.
just, equal.
knowledge, acknowledge.
lack, dispense with, largely, at large, fully.
let, hindrance, preventive;
to hinder, lewd, foolish.
licensed, freed by permis- sion.
lightly, easily, quickly, limited, marked out. line equinoctial, the equator, lust, desire, wish.
marmoset, a small monkey.
matter, material.
mean, average, moderate,
ordinary, meat, provisions, food, meath, mead, mere, pure, unmixed, merrily, cheerfully, methinketh, it seems to me. minister, administer, mislike, displease, moveth, solicits, incites.
namely, especially, naughty, bad, evil, vile, newfangled, novel, next, nearest, niggish, niggardly, noisome, injurious, noying, hurting, noyous, annoying, hurtful.
occasion, chance, opportu- nity ; warrant.
occupied, having intercourse with; busied.
Digitized byGoOgk
314
GLOSSARY
occupy, use (a craft, or in business), trade, traffic.
of, about, by, concerning, for, from, in, on, upon, with.
on live, alive.
open, public ; utter.
out, foreign.
out of, free from.
overblown, blown away.
overseen, lacking in foresight.
overthwart, across.
pardy, by God.
pass, care, consider ; surpass.
passing, surpassing.
pensiveness, depressing thought.
perish, destroy.
plat, plan, sketch.
plat form, ground plan.
policy, stratagem.
poll, to cut the hair ; to rob.
prescribed, promised.
prescript, prescribed; pre- scription.
presently, in person; at present.
pretended, regarded.
pretensed, designed, in- tended.
price, worth, esteem.
proceeding, progress.
proof, trial ; crop.
properly, finely, handsomely.
propriety, private ownership.
prove, try.
pullen, poultry, puppets, dolls.
queans, loose women, quick, living.
ravin, rapine, plunder.
rearward, rear-guard.
reculed, recoiled.
refrain, check, restrain.
rehearsed, set forth in dis- course.
rejected, cast aside.
reparations, repairs.
reprehend, blame.
reverend, reverence.
room, office, position, dig- nity.
rush-bucklers, swashbuck-
sad, staid, sober-minded,
serious, scant, scarce, scarcely, scape, escape, seen, learned, skilled, seething, boiling, semblable, similar, serviceable, in the manner
of servants, several, separate, separately ;
especial, shamefastness, shame-
facedness. shrewdly, severely, sickerly, securely, surely.
Digitized byGoOgk
GLOSSARY
315
silly, innocent, harmless.
sodden, boiled.
solemn, regular.
spend, use, consume, waste.
spill, injure, destroy.
stand, agree.
starve, die.
stay, hesitation.
stead, place.
still, constantly.
stint, stop.
strait, strict.
subject, placed beneath.
sublevation, elevation.
submit, lower.
tables, backgammon, thereaway, thereabouts, towardness, inclination, train, plan, stratagem, translating, changing, trans- ferring, travail, labor, work.
unexercised, undisciplined.
unhonest, unworthy, dis- graceful.
uplandish, rural, rustic, boorish.
upright, well-balanced.
ure, use.
use themselves, behave, uttered, put forth, pub- lished.
valiant, sound, well, lusty, void, free, unoccupied, vulgar, common.
weal public, commonwealth, wealth, welfare, wealthily, well, wealths, goods, possessions, wealthy, well off, in a state
of well-being, well a worth, alas, what by . . . what by, partly
by . . . partly by. what for ... what for,
partly for . . . partly
for.
whether, whichever, wink at, close the eyes to. wit, wisdom, withal, with, wittily, wisely, wonders, wondrously. wot, knows.
wried, twisted, distorted, perverted.
Digitized byGoOgk
Digitized byGoOgk
ANALYTICAL INDEX
TO THE UTOPIA, THE EPISTLES, AND THE VERSES
A., Amaurote; G., Giles; H., Hythloday; M., More; R., Robynson; U. f Utopia, Utopian, Utopians.
Abraxa, former name of U., 87.
Achoriens, said by H. to live near U., 63 ; prohibited their king
from ruling over another kingdom also, 63. Adam, of St. Victor, quoted by a Friar at Morton's, 58. Adamus, newer name of prince in U., 105.
Adultery, bondage punishment for in U., 160; repentance of offender may secure remission of punishment, 161 ; a second offence punishable by death, 161 ; movers to, punished as if guilty of, 162.
Agricultural products, excess of raised in U., 91.
Alaopolitanes warred on by U., 171.
Aldus, his editions of Greek poets taken to U. by H., 152 ; and used as models of printing, 153.
Ale-houses, no in U., 119.
Alexander the Great referred to by R. t 1.
Alphabet, U. added by G. to M.'s work, 227.
Amaurote, dispute as to width of Anyder by, 1 1 ; general council of U. meets yearly in, 88, 120; its situation, 88; may be taken as typical of U. cities, 92; description of, 92-96; Anyder at, 92 ; bridge at, 93 ; waterworks of, 93 ; walls and ditch of, 94 ; streets of, 94 ; houses of, 94 ; houses in changed 317
Digitized byGoOgk
318 INDEX
J
by lot decennially, 94; gardens of, 95; plan of made by
Utopus, 95; improvement in domestic architecture in, 95;
description of houses in, 96. Ambassadors, Flemish characterized, 18 ; in U. chosen from learned
class, 105 ; in U. served from meat-markets before people
generally, 113 ; Anemolian, reception of in A., 126-129 ; in U.
strive to learn truth when U. citizen is injured or killed by
foreigners, 173. Ambition, inordinate, defeats itself in U., 164. Anaxagoras quoted by H., 21.
Anemolian ambassadors, reception of in A., 126-129.
Anemolius, poet laureate and H.'s nephew, verses by, 230; com- pares U. to Plato's city, 230 ; suggests name of U. should be Eutopie, 230.
Animals, live, an important export of U., 121 ; not sacrificed in U.
religious services, 206. Antwerp, M.'s visit to, 18.
Anyder, width of in dispute, 11 ; dimensions of, 92 ; bridge across
at A., 93.
Apinatus, Tricius, carried Greek medical works to U., 152. Aragon, French king supposed by H. to be counselled to make
peace with the king of, 62. Arienn, Buslyde provost of, 224. Aristophanes, taken to U. by H., 152. Aristotle quoted by R., 222. Arithmetic, U. as wise as Europeans in, 131. Armor, U. characterized, 184. Army, French standing, criticized by H., 36. Astrology unknown in U., 132.
Astronomy, U. wise in and expert in making instruments for use in, 131.
Banishment, a punishment in U., 191.
Barks, written on in U., 153.
Barzanes, older title of prince in U., 105.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
319
Bedtime eight o'clock in U., 101.
Bishop of U., desire of an English clergyman to be appointed Christian, 13 ; in U. supplied from meat-markets before people generally, 113 ; only insignia of a taper of wax, 164 ; constant companion of auxiliary priests, 199 ; chief head of priests, 199.
Blackheath field, battle at referred to by H., 34.
Body, opportunity given in U. to each party to a marriage to see that other has no defect in, 158 ,* charm of causes virtues of mind to be more esteemed, 159 ; defects in that come after marriage must be endured, 159, 160.
Bondage in U., the punishment for going to another city a second time without a prince's letter, 119 ; punishment for first con- viction of adultery, 160 ; the common punishment for heinous offences, 161 ; those who rebel against put to death, 162 ; may be mitigated or remitted by prince or people, 162 ; or death the punishment of foreigners who have maimed or killed U., 173 ; the punishment of soldiers in cities captured by U., 185 ; a punishment for vehemently contending in religious matters, 191.
Bondmen in U. t two attached to each farm, 89 ; do all slaughter- ing, 112; do vile service and drudgery in halls, 114; one assigned to each company of travellers, 118; wear chains of gold, 124 ; the only hunters, 142 ; prisoners taken in battle, except in battle they fought themselves, children of bondmen, and bondmen of other countries, not, 155; two classes of, criminals and poor foreigners who prefer bondage in U. to freedom at home, 155 ; first class kept in bonds at work con- tinually, 155 ; second class merely made to work somewhat harder than U., may leave U. when they will, and are sent forth with gifts, 156.
Brabant, French king supposed by H. to desire, 61.
Breeding of young stock neglected in England, 41.
Bridge across Anyder at A., 93.
Bruges the meeting place of the English and Flemish ambassadors, 18.
Digitized byGoOgk
320
INDEX
Brussels, return of the Flemish ambassadors to, 18.
Burgundy, French king supposed by H. to desire, 61.
Buslyde, Hierome, Giles' letter to, 224-229 ; a friend of More, 224 ;
reasons for dedicating U. to, 229. Buthrescas, U. devoted to religion and good works so called, 198.
Calicut, reached by H., 22.
Candles profusely burned in U. churches, 206.
Capital punishment, H.'s reasons for thinking it unlawful, 45—47; injustice of punishing theft by, 47 ; punishing theft by incites thieves to murder, 47 ; in U. penalty for tranibores' consisting concerning government elsewhere than in council or place of general election, 97 ; penalty for second conviction of adultery, 161 ; U. arguments against, 161, 162 ; penalty for those who rebel against bondage, 162 ; a penalty for for- eigners who have maimed or killed a U., 173; penalty for those who dissuade from giving up cities besieged by U. ? 185.
Carbuncles found in U., but used only to adorn infants, 125.
Carpentering a common craft in U., 99.
Carthaginians, example of shows danger of standing army, 36. Cassel, Temsice provost of, 18.
Castile, French king supposed by H. to be counselled to make alliance with king of, 62.
Cecil, William, R.'s dedicatory epistle to, 1 ; R.'s reasons for dedi- cating his translation to, 6 ; a schoolfellow of R., 6.
Celenos, easily found, 25.
Charles, king of Castile, Henry VIII's controversy with, 17;
Buslyde a councillor of, 224. Chastising, a punishment in U., 161.
Cheerfulness, all possible done to promote during meal in U., 117.
Children in U. minister to parents, 111 ; under five sit with nurses during meals, 115; over five serve at tables or stand silent during meals, 115 ; eat that given them from the tables, 115 ; of bondmen free, 155; chastised by parents, 161; on last
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
321
day of each month confess faults to parents and ask pardon, 205.
Chivalry, holy days after religious services spent in exercise of in U., 209.
Christ, teachings of out of harmony with modern practices, 76.
Christianity, introduced into U. by H., 189; only sacraments of that none but priests can administer lacking in U., 189 ; U. debate whether they may choose priests of, 190 ; over zealous U. convert to punished, 190.
Chronicles of U. go back 1760 years, 95.
Church, Our Lady's in Antwerp characterized by M., 19.
Churches in U., thirteen in each city, 199 ; characterized, 203 ; reason for darkness of, 203; contain nothing peculiar to any sect, 204; only Mythra invoked in, 204; services and prayers in such as all can use, 204 ; attended on first and last days of month, 204 ; separation of sexes in, 205 ; arrangement of families in, 205 ; white apparel worn by people at services in, 206 ; description of services in, 207-209.
Cicero's philosophical works of value, 21.
Cities in U., similarity of, 91 ; A. may be taken as typical of, 92 ;
families, usually of kindred, basis of life in, 108 ; foreign rather
than foreign individuals given credit by U., 121 ; names of
in U. similar to Greek, 151. Clemency thought by U. to be diminished by killing of animals, 112. Clement, John, M.'s opinion of, 11 ; differs from M. as to width
of Anyder, 11.
Clothes, feeling of U. towards those who pride themselves on fine, 139.
Cloth working a common craft in U., 99 ; usual craft of U. women, 100.
Coinage, a king supposed by H. to be counselled to tamper with the, 65.
Colonies, method of establishing U., 109 ; war made by U. against those who will not receive their, 110; citizens of returned to U. if population there falls below the minimum, 110.
Y
Digitized byGoOgk
322
INDEX
i
Commerce, with those who defraud them, suspended by U., 172.
Commonwealth, U. alone seems to H. worthy of the name, 209 ; others contrasted by H. with U., 209 ; others seem to H. mere conspiracies of rich men, 213.
Communism, a characteristic of U., 78 ; considered by H. essential to a well-governed commonwealth, 79-81 ; M. suggests must be incompatible with authority of and reverence due magis- trates, and conducive to idleness, 81; in U., 91, 111, 120; contributes to U. courage and prowess in war, 182 ; of early Christians contributed to acceptance of Christianity by U., 189 ; of U. criticised by M., 216.
Confession of sins in U., 205.
Conversation during meals in U., 117.
Cooking in halls in U. done by women in turn, 114.
Corn, a sheaf of the prince's only insignia in U., 164.
Corinth referred to by R., 1.
Corporal punishment, practised in U. by husbands on wives,
parents on ohildren, 161. Cosmogony, U. in part like European, 132.
Council, city, in U., composed of prince, tranibores, and two syphogrants in rotation, 97 ; meets at least every third day, 97; settles controversies between commoners, 97; all measures debated three days by before settlement, 97 ; con- sultation by tranibores on governmental affairs outside of punishable by death, 97 ; syphogrants medium of communi- cation between and people, 98; discusses no matter on the day of its proposal, 98 ; with priests gives those sick of pain- ful incurable diseases permission to kill themselves, 157; grants divorces, 159; with wives tries divorce cases, 160; punishes those that do not quickly amend after excommuni- cation, 200.
Council, general of whole island of U., meets yearly at A., 88 ; com- position of, 88 ; considers some matters that have been con- sidered by city councils, 98 ; attends to distribution of supplies, 120.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
323
Council-house, general, in A., 92.
Counsellor, M.'s idea of the part to be played by a king's, 74. Countries other then U., M.'s statement that he may elsewhere
treat those of which H. gave accounts, 25, 26. Country household in U., size and composition of, 88. Country life in U., 88; rotation between and city life, 89. Crafts, all U. learn one in addition to husbandry, 99 ; the usual one,
in U., 99.
Crassus, opinion of quoted by H., 68.
Credit, given to foreign cities, not individuals, by U., 121.
Cynemernes, first days of months so called by U., 203.
Day, division of in U., 101.
Death a punishment in U., 97, 161, 162, 185 {see Capital punish- ment).
Deceit, U. glory in when it is successful in war, 173 ; detested and
abhorred by U., 193. Deformity, mocking one for, great reproach to the mocker in U.,
163.
Diamonds, found in U. but used only to adorn infants, 125. Dice-play, unknown in U., 102 ; feeling of U. towards those who
indulge in, 141 ; ridiculed, 141. Diogenes, ancedote of apologetically used by R., 1. Dionysius, his relations with Plato referred to by H., 60. Dioscorides, Greek dictionary of taken to U. by H., 152. Dispute between a friar and a parasite at Morton's, 56-58. Divination despised by U., 196.
Divine providence, belief in enjoined on all U. by Utopus, 192.
Divorce in U., adultery a ground for, 159 ; intolerable wayward manners a ground for, 159 ; council grants, 159 ; offending party not permitted to marry again, 160 ; bodily defect aris- ing after marriage, sickness, and old age not grounds for, 160 ; incompatibility of temper a ground for, in which cases both parties may marry again, 160 ; cases tried by council and their
Digitized byGoOgk
324
INDEX
wives, 160 ; not easily granted, 160 ; unoffending party in case of for adultery may marry again, 160. Drinks of U., 90.
Dumb person in Roman comedy referred to by M., 73. Dye, purple, one of the principal exports of U., 121.
Education in U., universal, 130 ; in vernacular, 1&0 ; carried on
by priests, 200. Egyptians cast away on U., 83.
Emperor (Maximilian), French king supposed by H. to be coun- selled to appease him with gold, 62. Enclosures, hardships caused in England by, 38-42. Engines of war, U., 185.
England visited by H., 31 ; excessive punishment for theft in, 32, 33 ; reasons given by H. for excessive theft in, 34 ; evil results from increase in number of sheep in, 38 ; hardships caused by enclosures in, 38-42; increase in prices of victuals and wool in, 40; neglect in to breed young stock, 41; chief felicity of consisted in wool-growing, 41 ; excess, riot, and immorality in lead to theft, 42 ; reforms for proposed by H., 42 ; what to do with supposed by H. to be chief concern of counsellors of French king, 62 ; French king supposed by H. to be counselled to hold Scots ready to invade, and to cherish pretender to throne of, 62.
Epicureanism, U. tendency towards, 133.
Equator, desolation in neighborhood of, 23; temperate climate
and civilized nations south of, 24. Ethics, U. like European, 132. Euripides, works of taken to U. by H., 152. Europeans termed Ultra-equinoctials by U., 82. Eutopie, Anemolius' suggestion that name of U. should be,
230.
Evictions, in England caused by enclosures, 39. Excess, in England a cause of theft, 42.
Excommunication by priests in U. punishment most dreaded, 199 ;
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
325
followed by bodily punishment unless amendment is speedy, 200.
Exports of U. named, 121 ; seventh part of given to poor of foreign countries and remainder sold at a fair, average price, 121 ; carried forth by U. in their own ships, 164.
Fabrice, opinion of quoted by H., 70.
Falsehood detested and abhorred by U., 193.
Families, usually of kindred, basis of city life in U., 108; six
thousand in a city in U., 109 ; restriction as to numbers in
U., 109. Fasting among U., 204.
Father, oldest in a family ordinarily its governor in U., 109; good-will of must be secured by him who would walk in country contiguous to a city, 119.
Felicity of this life supposed by the U. to consist in the cultiva- tion of the intellect, 108.
Fellows, the name applied by U. to nations that take their magis- trates from U., 167.
Fells an important export of U., 121.
Flanders, French king supposed by H. to desire dominion in, 61. Flax an important export of U., 121. Fools highly regarded by U., 162. Fortifications of U. camps, 184.
France, wars of England in referred to by H., 34, 36 ; almost larger than one man can well govern, 63 ; H. would advise French king to confine himself to, 65.
French king (Francis I.), supposititious schemes of outlined by H., 61-63 ; advice that H. would give him, 63-65.
French soldiers seldom gain an advantage over unpractised Eng- lishman, 37.
Friar, dispute between a and a parasite at Morton's, 56-58. Friends, title given by U. to nations other than fellows (q.v.) that
they have benefited, 167. Funeral customs of U., 174, 195.
Digitized byGoOgk
326
INDEX
Galen, Microtechne of taken to U. by Tricius Apinatus, 152. Games, foolish and pernicious unknown in U. t 102 ; played in U., 102.
Gardens of A., 95.
Garments of U., of one fashion throughout island, 99 ; differ only for men and women, married and unmarried, 99 ; every family makes its own, 99 ; described, 107 ; simplicity of contrasted with extravagance elsewhere, 107.
Gems, found in U. but used only for the adornment of young children, 125 ; contrasted with sun and stars, 129 ; feeling of U. towards those who delight in, 139; counterfeit equal in real value to genuine, 140.
Geometry, U. equal to European, 131.
Germans, French king supposed by H. to be counselled to hire the, 61.
Giles, Peter, M.'s letter to, 8-16 ; urged by M. to call to mind details of H's conversation, 11 ; affection expressed by M. for, 16 ; characterized by M., 18 ; questions H.'s statement that affairs are better in U. than in Europe, 82 ; letter of to Buslyde, 224-229 ; asserts that he was present at M.'s conference with H., 224 ; considers that Vespucci saw nothing compared with H., 225 ; explains failure of himself and M. to learn location of U., 227; promises to spare no pains to learn it, 227 ; added U. verses and alphabet and marginal notes to M.'s work, 227 ,* explains failure of cosmographers to mention U., 228.
God, some U. worship the sun, moon, or some planets for, 187 ; some worship a departed hero as, 187; some worship an unknown, everlasting, incomprehensible, inexplicable, omni- present power as, 78 ; a principal called Mythra believed in by all, though some count him one, some another, 188 ; mis- fortunes of one about to change his religion attributed to, 188 ; may have secretly inspired U. to accept Christianity, 189; might, in Utopus' opinion, desire manifold and divers sorts of honor, 191 ; those unwilling to die thought by U. not wel-
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
327
come to, 194 ; prayers to for mercy to such, 194 ; contemplation of nature thought by U. an acceptable honor to, 196 ; priests considered by U. dedicated as a holy offering to, 201 ; no image of any in U. churches, 204 ; Mythra only invoked in U. churches, 204 ; thanks given to on last day of each month by U., 204 ; favor of asked by U. on first day of each month, 204 ; a religious and devout fear towards, the chief and almost the only incitation to virtue, 206 ; not thought by U. to de- light in sacrifice of living animals, 206 ; obligations to brought to mind of U. by priests' vestments, 207 ; praises unto sung by U., 207 ; nature of U. prayers to, 208.
Gold, one of the principal imports of U., 121 ; considered by U. infe- rior to iron, 123 ; put to base uses by U., 124 ; ring or chain of a badge of infamy in U., 124 ; intrinsically worthless, 129 ; esti- mation in which it and those possessing it are held elsewhere a matter of wonder to U., 129 (see Treasure).
Grain, one of the principal exports of U., 121.
Graphey, Cornelius, verses of, 231.
Greek, H.'s proficiency in, 21; taught to U. by H., 150; books taken to U. by H. and Tricius Apinatus, 151-152 ; U. names of cities and magistrates similar to, 151 ; books introduced multiplied by thousands by U., 154.
Grudges, private, made up by U. before attending church services on last days of months, 205.
Gulike, H. left in, 21, 22.
Gulikians, those left in New World by Vespucci so called, 22.
Halls, for syphogrants and families under them in U. cities, 112; meals eaten in common in, 114; seating arrangements at tables in, 114 ; arrangements for nurses and infants in, 115.
Harvest in U. gathered in little more than a day, 91.
Hawking, feeling of U. concerning, 141.
Health considered by U. a sovereign pleasure, 144.
Helizeus (Elisha) referred to, 58.
Henry the Eighth sent M. on embassy, 17.
Digitized byGoOgk
328
INDEX
Herodian's history taken to U. by H., 152.
Herodotus' history taken to U. by H., 152.
Heroes worshipped in U., 187.
Hesychius, dictionary by taken to U. by H., 152.
Highways mended when other work fails in U., 108.
Hippocrates, works of taken to U. by Tricius Apinatus, 152.
Holy days, many countrymen visit city on, 91 ; first and last days
of each month, called cynemernes and trapemernes by U., 203 ;
after church services spent in plays and exercise of chivalry
in U., 209.
Homer, works of taken to U. by H. f 152. Honey a principal export of U., 121.
Honors, feeling of U. towards those who pride themselves on, 139. Horses, oxen preferred to in U., 90.
Hospitals in U., four without the walls of each city, 113 ; sick in supplied from meat-markets before all others, 113; arrange- ments and management of, 113.
Houses in A., description of, 94, 95 ; open to all, 94 ; changed by lot every ten years, 94 ; development of, 95 ; glass or oiled cloth used in windows of, 96; special for strangers, 114.
Hunting, feeling of U. towards, 141 ; ridiculed by H., 141 ; only bondmen engage in in U., 142 ; effect of on men, 142.
Husbandmen, work of in U., 89. *
Husbandry, all instructed in in U., 99.
Husbands in U., ministered to by wives, 111 ; must obtain con- sent of wives before walking in country, 119 ; chastise wives, 161 ; accompanied to war by wives, 180 ; wives confess faults to, 205.
Hythloday, Raphael, given sole credit for work by M., 8 ; dispute between M. and Clement as to a statement by, 11 ; G. urged by M. to submit questions to, 13 ; M.'s meeting with, 19-22 ; appearance of, 20 ; taken for a sailor by M., 20 ; contrasted with Palinure and compared with Ulysses and Plato by G., 20 ; proficiency of in Latin and Greek, 21 ; devotion of to philosophy, 21 ; a Portuguese, 21 ; accompanied Amerigo
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
329
Vespucci on his last three voyages, 21 ; succeeded in his desire to be left in Gulike, 21 ; customably quoted Lucan and An- axagoras, 21 ; with five companions set out exploring after Vespucci's departure, 22 ; arrived in Taprobane, 22 : returned to Portugal from Calicut, 22 ; invited by M. to his house in Antwerp, 22 ; wanderings of after Vespucci's departure, 22- 25 ; befriended by a certain great man in the New World, 23 ; taught mariners in the New World the use of the loadstone, 24 ; discoursed to M. of many cities and lands, 26 ; urged by G. to become a king's counsellor, 26 ; divided his patrimony among friends and kindred before he left Europe, 27 ; gives his reasons for not entering a king's service, 28, 29-77 ; urged by M. to become a king's counsellor, 28; visited England before sailing with Vespucci, 31 ; tells of experience at Car- dinal Morton's, 31-59 ; tells of punishment for theft observed by him among the Polylerites in Persia, 48 ; proposes similar punishment in England, 53 ; proposal of praised only after approval by Morton, 54 ; outlines supposititious plans of King of France, 61 ; states what he would advise French king, 63- 65 ; refers to a decree of the Achoriens, 63 ; mentions U., 63 ; outlines supposititious proposals of councillors to a king who wished to increase his revenue, 65-68; quotes opinion of Crassus, 68 ; states what his advice would be, 68-72 ; quotes opinion of Fabrice, 70 ; idea of as to a king's duties, 70 ; refers to custom of Macarians, 71 ; refers for a second time to U., 71 ; refers to communism of Plato's Republic and his common- wealth, 75 ; quotes Terence, 76 ; quotes Plato, 77 ; lived in U. over five years, 82 ; returned to Europe to make U. known, 82 ; refers to ancientness of U. histories and chronicles, 82 ; thinks his visit to U. may be forgotten by Europeans, 83 ; asked by M. for a detailed account of U., 84 ; account of U. by, 85-209 ; states that he is merely reporter of U. lores and ordinances, 149 ; gives his opinion of U., 149 ; disparages Latin literature, 150; taught U. Greek from books he had taken with him, 150 ; enumerates books he and a companion
Digitized byGoOgk
330
INDEX
had with them, 151 ; introduced paper-making and printing into U., 153 ; introduced Christianity into U., 189 ; lost two of his companions during wanderings, 189 ; contrasts U. with other so-called commonwealths, 209-216; considers other commonwealths conspiracies of rich men, 213 ; expresses belief that U. principles would have been generally adopted but for Pride, 215 ; expresses belief that U. will endure forever, 216 ; G. asserts that he was present at M.'s interview with, 224 ; reported to have died on his journey homewards or to have returned to U., 228 ; uncle of Anemolius, 230.
Immorality a cause of theft in England, 42.
Immortality of soul, belief in enjoined on all U. by Utopus, 192 ; disbelievers in excluded from citizenship, honors, and offices in U., 193 ; disbelievers in not forced to p|ay the hypocrite in in U., 193 ; disbelievers in not allowed to dispute among the common people in U., but urged to argue with priests and men of gravity, 193.
Imports of U., mainly gold, silver, and iron, 121 ; fewness of causes few merchantmen to visit U., 154.
Incense burned in churches in U., 206.
Incontinence, sharply punished in U., 157 ; before marriage a bar to marriage in U., unless prince's pardon is obtained, 157 ; between unmarried U. leads to disgrace of those in whose house it occurred, 157; no prescript punishment in U. for among unmarried, 161 ; but punished according to heinous- ness of offence, 161.
Increase in prices of victuals and wool in England, 40.
Incubation, artificial, in U., 90.
Infants, provision in U. for during meals, 115.
Intellect, cultivation of considered by U. the felicity of this life, 108.
Iron, a principal import of U., 121 ; considered by U. superior to gold or silver, 123.
Italy, to bring all under his jurisdiction supposed by H. to be a desire of the French king, 61 ; H. would advise the French king not to meddle with, 63.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
331
Judges, a king supposed by H. to be counselled to endanger them unto himself, 67 ; in U., 165 ; U. taken by neighboring nations, 166.
Justice, lack of, in H.'s opinion, in all commonwealths except U. f 211.
Kindred, U. families commonly made up of, 108 ; among U. fight
side by side during war, 181. King, H.'s idea of the duties of, 69, 70. King, French, see French king.
Laestrygons easily found, 25.
Landmarks changed by U. to deceive enemies, 86.
Language of U., characteristics of, 130 ; similar to Persian, save
in names of cities and magistrates, which resemble Greek, 151. Lascaris, Greek grammar of taken to U. by H., 152. Latin, H. learned in, 21 ; little in philosophy in it of value, 21 ;
literature disparaged by H., 150. Laws, citizens ruled by good and wholesome not easily found, 25 ;
a king supposed by H. to be counselled to revive obsolete, 66 ;
few in U. compared with multitude elsewhere, 78, 164 ; most
plain and gross interpretation of considered most just by U.,
165; subtleties and technicalities in interpretation of not
permitted by U., 165. Lawyers excluded from U., 165.
Leagues, not made by U., 167; ironic praise of European, 167; broken at will by neighbors of U., 168 ; why considered in- trinsically bad by U., 169.
Learned class in U., must attend early morning lectures, 101 ; elected by syphogrants after commendation by priests, 105 ; exempted from ordinary labor, 105 ; those elected to may be returned to laboring class, 105 ; any handicraftsman by dili- gent study may rise to, 105; higher officials chosen from, 105 ; few in in each city, 130.
Learning, majority of U. devote their leisure to, 130.
Leather an important export of U., 121.
Digitized byGoOgk
332
INDEX
Lectures, early morning in XL, 101 ; largely attended, though at- tendance is compulsory only on those appointed to learning, 101.
Loadstone, use of taught mariners south of equator by H., 24. Logic, U. had found out everything important taught by European
philosophers in, 131 ; subtleties of European unknown in
U., 131.
London, M. in Noviomage's opinion immortal glory of, 231; in
Graphey's opinion may well glory in M., 232. Lucan quoted by H., 21.
Lucian's works taken to U. by A., and delight U., 152. Luke quoted by a parasite at Morton's, 57. Lying detested and abhorred by N., 193.
Macarians, live not far from U., 70; restriction of their king's
treasure by, 71. Madder an important export of U., 121.
Magistrates, M. thinks communism would lessen authority of and reverence due, 81 ; in U., names of resemble Greek, 151 ; not haughty or fearful, 164 ; called fathers and act as such, 164 ; willingly given due honor by people, 164; taken from U. by neighboring nations, 166.
Mankind in general, feeling of U. towards, 170.
Market-place for manufactured articles, one in each quarter in a U. city, 111 ; statues of notable men set up in, 163 ; for provi- sions, see Meat-markets.
Marmoset damaged one of H.'s Greek books, 151.
Marriage, in U. not entered into by women under eighteen, by men under twenty-two, 157 ; incontinence before sharply punished, 157 ; unless prince's pardon is obtained, forbidden to those guilty of incontinence, 1 157 ; for life, 158 ; opportunity given each party to see that other has no bodily defect, 158 ; mo- nogamy, 159 ; broken only by death, adultery, or intolerable wayward manners of either party, 159 ; occasionally broken for incompatibility of temper, 160.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
333
Masonry a common craft in U., 99.
Meals, in U. generally eaten in common halls, 114 ; may be eaten at home by all who will, 1 14 ; vile service in connection with done by bondmen, 114 ; women in turn do cooking for, 114 ; seating arrangements at, 1 14 ; provision for nurses and infants during, 115; children over five serve at, 115; syphogrant and wife sit in midst of high table at, 116; four at mess at, 116; priest and wife sit with syphogrant at, 116 ; seating arrange- ments of others at, 116 ; old men served first at, 116 ; begun with reading, 117; conversation during, 117; music, ban- quets, and perfumes at evening, 117; everything done to promote cheerfulness during, 117 ; taken at home in country, 118.
Meat-markets, in U., near market-places, 112; steward of sick supplied first from, 113; prince, bishop, tranibores, ambas- sadors, and strangers supplied from before people generally, 113 ; those eating at home served from after halls, 114.
Men, marriageable age for in U. twenty-two, 157.
Mercenaries used by U. in case of war, 177.
Meteorology, U. expert in, 132.
Metre of four verses in U. tongue, added to M.'s work by G., 227 ;
printed, 229 ; translation of, 230. Microtechne, Galen's taken to U. by Tricius Aifinatus, 152. Milan supposed- by H. to be desired by French king, 61. Miracles believed in by U., 196. Misers, feeling of U. towards, 140. Mitio in Terence quoted by H., 76.
Modern practices out of harmony with Christ's teachings, 76. Money, not in circulation in U., 123 ; the love of elsewhere the root
of all evil, 213. Monotheism, general tendency towards in U., 188. Monsters, H. not asked about, 25. Month, measured in U. by course of moon, 203. Moon, worshipped by some U., 187 ; month measured in U. by
course of, 203.
Digitized byGoOgk
334
INDEX
More, Sir Thomas, characterized by R., 3; letter of to G., 8-16; asserts that he merely reported H.'s words, 8 ; explains delay in sending manuscript to G., 9 ; finished the U. in hours stolen from meat and sleep, 10 ; assumed anxiety of concerning in- significant details, 11 ; to learn the exact location of U., 12; and to know H.'s views concerning the publication of his state- ments, 13 ; expresses his affection for G., 16 ; sent by Henry the Eighth as an ambassador to Flanders, 17; pays tribute to Tunstall, 17; to Flemish ambassadors. 18; to G., 18; meets H., 20 ; invites H. to his house in Antwerp to tell of his travels, 22 ; refers to his relations with Cardinal Morton, 59 ; quotes Plato, 60 ; cites a passage in Octavia, 73 ; refers to passage in Plautus, and to "dumb person" in Roman comedy, 73; ex- presses his idea of the part to be played by a king's counsellor, 74 ; expresses opposition to communism, as lessening au- thority of magistrates and leading to idleness, 81 ; asks H. for a detailed account of U., 84 ; expresses dislike for some U. practices, 216; expresses hope for further conference with H., 217 ; has little hope that his work will have much effect, 217 ; known to Buslyde, 224, 226 ; termed the singular orna- ment of the age by G., 224 ; memory and style of praised by G., 226 ; considered by G. an all-sufficient authority for his statements, 228; given sole credit for the work by Gerard Noviomage, 231 ; and Cornelius Graphey, 232.
Morton, John, characterized by H., 31 ; conversation at table of related by H., 32-59 ; M. refers to his relations with, 59.
Music, at every supper in U., 117; U. had found out all that European philosophers taught in, 131; U. compared with European, 207.
Mythra, the name given by all U. to one principal god, 188; alone invoked in U. church services, 204.
Naples supposed by A. to be desired by French king, 61. Nature, contemplation of held by U. to be acceptable to God, 196. Navarre, French king supposed by H. to be counselled to restore, 62.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
335
Nephelogetes, war made by U. on behalf of, 171. Nero in Octavia referred to by M., 73.
Nobility, feeling of U. towards those who pride themselves on, 139. Notes, marginal, added to M.'s manuscript by G., 227. Noviomage, Gerard, poem of on U., 231. Numbers, U. game of, 102.
Nurses in U., arrangements in halls for, 115 ; provided by wives of syphogrants when necessary, 115; those that can gladly act as, 115 ; have children under five with them during meals, 115.
Octavia referred to by M., 73. Oxen preferred to horses in U., 90.
Painting the face considered infamous in U., 163.
Palinure, H. contrasted with by G., 20.
Paper-making introduced into U. by H., 153.
Parents in U. chastise children, 161 ; children in U. once a month
confess faults to, 205. Parlor for nurses and infants in common halls in U., 115. Pearls found in U., but used only to adorn infants, 125. Peninsula, U. formerly a, 87, 230.
People in U. may vote to mitigate or remit punishment of re- pentant offenders, 162. Perfumes at suppers in U., 117. Persia the home of the Polylerites, 48. Philip, King, referred to by R., 1.
Philosophers, European, unknown in U. before H.'s visit, 131.
Philosophy, H. devoted to the study of, 21 ; school said by M. to have no place in kings' councils, 72 ; civil alone being ap- propriate there, 73.
Phylarch, chief, over every ten syphogrants and their families, 96 ; formerly called tranibore (q.v.), 96.
Phylarch, every thirty families in U. under a, 89 ; a head bailiff, 89 ; chosen yearly by every thirty families or farms in U., 96 ; formerly called syphogrant (q.v.), 96; changed yearly, 97.
Digitized byGoOgk
336
INDEX
Physic highly regarded by U., 152.
Plague twice reduced population of U. below minimum, 110. Planets worshipped by some in U., 187.
Plato, H. compared with by G., 20 ; quoted by M., 60 ; relations of with Dionysius referred to by H., 60 ; feigned in his Republic what U. practise, 75; quoted by H., 77; referred to by H., 79 ; the most part of the works of taken to U. by H., 151 ; the commonwealth of in G.'s opinion excelled by U., 224; city of compared with U. by Anemolius, 230.
Plautus, a comedy by referred to by M., 73.
Plays {i.e. games) indulged in by U. after church service on holy days, 209.
Pleasure, no harmless forbidden in U., 118 ; U. ideas of discuss9d, 133-148; U. definition of, 137; counterfeit, 138; divers kind of true, 143 ; of body, 143-148 ; health considered a sovereign, 144 ; of mind, 146.
Plutarch, books of taken to U. by H., and highly regarded by U. f 152.
Polylerites, a people of Persia, characterized by H., 48 ; punish- ment for theft among, 48-53. Population of U. twice reduced below minimum by plague, 110. Portugal born, H. a, 21.
Power, an unknown, omnipresent worshipped by the wisest U., 187.
Prayer, belief of the U. in efficacy of, 196.
Preachers, wresting of Christ's doctrines by, 76.
Precious stones, see Gems.
Pride, denunciation of by H., 215.
Priest, Christian, none in H.'s company, 189 ; U. converts debate whether they may choose one from among themselves, 190.
Priests in U., commend diligent students to syphogrants for elec- tion to learned class, 105 ; chosen from learned class, 105 ; and wives sit with syphogrants during meals, 116; with council give permission to those sick of painful, incurable diseases to commit suicide, 157; of exceeding holiness and but few in number, only thirteen in each city, 198 ; seven go forth with
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
337
army to battle and new ones appointed in their stead, 198 ; auxiliary on return of those who went to battle continue in company with bishop till vacancies among regular must be filled, 199; bishop chief, head of, 199; chosen by people by secret vote, and consecrated by their own company, 199; functions of, 199 ; excommunicate exceedingly vicious livers, 199; instruct youth in learning, virtue, and manners, 200; a few widows and old women made, 200 ; male marry chiefest women, for no office is held in higher honor, 200 ; not subject to common judgment for offences, 200; considered con- secrated to God, 201 ; vice and wickedness very rare among, 201 ; why few in number, 201 ; as highly esteemed by foreigners as by U., 201 ; office of during battle, 202 ; protec- tion afforded to enemy by, 202 ; all nations consider bodies of sanctified, 203 ; counselled dim light in churches, 203 ; vest- ments of, 206 ; during church services utter prayers in com- mon with people, 208.
Prince in U., manner of electing, 97 ; term in office of, 97 ; chosen from learned class, 105; older name of barzanes, newer adamus, 105; supplied from meat-markets before people generally, 113 ; issues letters to those desiring to travel, 118; may pardon those guilty of incontinence before marriage, 157, repentant adulterers, 161, and repentant offenders generally, 162 ; only insignia of a sheaf of corn, 164 ; and magistrates correct and punish offenders, 199.
Printing introduced into U. by H., 153.
Prohibitions, a king supposed by H. to be counselled to make, 66.
Psalms quoted by a friar at Morton's, 57.
Punishment for theft in England proposed by H., 48.
Punishments in Utopia: banishment, 191 ; bondage, 119, 160, 161, 173, 185, 191 ; chastising, 161 ; death, 97, 161, 162, 185; ex- clusion* from citizenship, honors, and offices, 193 ; excom- munication, 199.
Quarters, each city in U. divided into, 111. z
Digitized byGoOgk
338
INDEX
Reading, every dinner and supper in U. begun with, 117.
Reeds written on in U. before introduction of paper-making, 153.
Reforms in England proposed by H., 42.
Religion in U., 187-209 ; divers kinds of, 187-190 ; toleration of opinion and discussion concerning, 190-191 ; general belief in immortality of soul in, 192-193; services of at funerals, 195; spiritualism, 195 ; minor disbeliefs and belief connected with, 196 ; the two classes of those devoted to, 197-198 ; priests of, 198-203; holy days, 203, 209; churches of, 204; church services of, 204-209.
Revenue, ways a king is supposed by H. to be counselled to raise, 65-68.
Riot a cause of theft in England, 42.
Robynson, Ralph, dedicatory epistle of to Cecil, 1-7 ; anecdote of Diogenes apologetically used by, 1 ; M. characterized by, 3 ; the U. characterized by, 4 ; apologizes for the rudeness of his translation, 4 ; states that his translation was made for the private use of a friend and published at his solicitation, 5; tries to evade responsibility for publication, 6; states his reasons for dedicating his translation to Cecil, 6 ; refers to his having been a school-fellow of Cecil, 6 ; epistle of to the gentle reader, 221-223 ; apologizes for the faults in his translation, 221 ; quotes Aristotle and Terence, 222 ; asserts that he has corrected translation, 223 ; begs readers' indulgence for faults that may have been overlooked, 223.
Romans, example of cited by H. to show danger of standing army, 36; punishment among for theft commended by H., 48; certain cast away on U., 83 ; arts and sciences of learned by U. from castaways, 83.
Rotation of U. between city and country life, 89.
Sacrifice, none of living animals in U., 206.
St. Victor, Adam of, quoted by a friar at Morton's, 58, 256.
Sallust quoted by H., 36.
Savors and lights, influence of during religious services, 206.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
339
Scots, French king supposed by H. to be counselled to hold in
readiness to invade England, 62. Scyllas easily found, 25.
Seneca, philosophical works of value, 21 ; in Octavia referred to by M., 73.
Sheep, evil results from increase in numbers of in England, 38;
multitude of died in England from rot, 40. Sheep-walks, distress of peasantry caused by enclosures for in
England, 38-42.
Ships, gradual improvement in noted by H., 24 ; U. prefer to do
their exporting in their own, 154. Shire-towns in U., fifty-four, 87 ; similarity of, 87 ; not less than
twenty-four miles nor over a day's journey afoot apart, 88 ;
each of the has jurisdiction over at least twenty miles on each
side, 88.
Sick in U., provisions for housing and care of, 113; care of, 156; having incurable painful diseases counselled to commit suicide or permit themselves to be put to death, 156 ; but none forced to die against his will, 157.
Silver a principal import of U., 121 ; considered intrinsically in- ferior to iron by U., 123.
Skins used to write on before paper-making was introduced into U., 153.
Slaughter-houses in U. outside city walls, 112. Slaughtering in U. done exclusively by bondmen, 112. Slavery in U., see Bondage. Small Logical* referred to, 131. Smith's craft a common one in U., 99. Solomon quoted by a friar at Morton's, 58. Soothsayers, disbelief of U. in, 196. Sophocles, works of taken to U. by H., 152. Spiritualism, U. belief in, 195.
Statues of notable men set up in the market-places in U., 163. Steward of sick supplied from meat-markets in U. before all others, 113.
Digitized byGoOgk
340
INDEX
Stewards of halls in U. procure provisions from meat-markets, 112.
Stews do not exist in U., 119.
Storehouses in U. for manufactured articles, 111.
Strangers, served from meat-markets in U. before people generally,
113 ; few visit U., 113 ; special houses set aside for, 114. Streets of A., 94.
Suicide, those sick of painful incurable diseases in U. counselled to commit, 156; bodies of those who commit without ap- proval of priests and council treated ignominiously in U., 157.
Sun, worshipped by some U., 187 ; year measured in U. by course of, 203.
Swychers (Swiss), French king supposed by H. to be counselled to hire, 61.
Syphogrants in U., chosen yearly by every thirty families or farms in island, 96; older name for phylarch (q.v.), 96; every ten and their families under a tranibore or chief phylarch, 96; two hundred in a city, 97 ; elect prince," 97 ; changed yearly, 97; two in rotation present at counsels of tranibores, 97; medium of communication between council and people, 98; chief duty of to see that all work diligently, 100; exempt from all but voluntary labor, 105 ; elect to learned class, 105 ; dwell in special halls, 112 ; wives of provide nurses for children when necessary, 115; sit with their wives at high tables during meals, 116; with tranibores give licenses to U. to travel in island, 118.
Syphogranty, ward so called in U., 116.
Syrians, example of cited by H. to show danger of standing army, 36.
Tadlowe, George, R.'s translation made for, 5. Tallow, an important export of U., 121. Tapers and candles profusely burned in U. churches, 206. Taprobane (Ceylon) reached by H., 22.
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
341
Temsice, George, called by M. the wisest of the Flemish ambas- sadors, 18.
Terence quoted by H. f 76 ; quoted by R., 222.
Theft, excessive punishment for in England, 32, 33 ; reasons as- signed by H. for excessive in England, 34 ; capital punishment for leads to murder, 47 ; punishment for proposed by H., 48.
Theodorus, Greek grammar of not taken to U, by H., 152.
Theophrastus* 0/ Plants taken to U. by H., 171.
Thucydides, history of taken to U. by H., 152.
Toleration, religious, in U., 190, 191.
Tranibores in U., older name for chief phylarchs, 96 ; chosen yearly, but not lightly changed, 97; meet in council with prince at least every third day, 97 ; attended at council by two syphogrants in rotation, 97 ; consultation concerning govern- ment by outside council or place of election punishable by death, 97 ; chosen from learned class, 105 ; supplied from meat-markets before people generally, 113 ; with syphogrants issue licenses to U. desiring to travel in island, 118.
Translation of verses in the U. tongue, 230.
Trapemernes, name given last days of months in U., 203.
Travellers, U. to other cities in island must obtain permission of syphogrants and tranibores and letters from prince, fixing their stay, 118; go out in companies, 118; assigned wagon, oxen, and bondman, but prefer to travel afoot, 118; carry nothing with them, 118; at home wherever they come, 119; must work at their crafts if they stay longer than one day in a city, 119 ; without prince's letter brought back and punished 1 19 ; bondage the penalty for those who offend a second time, 119.
Treason, U. methods of fomenting among enemies, 174-177.
Treasure heaped up by U. for use in war, 122 ; not kept as such, 123 ; use of in time of war, 175, 177.
Truth, able in Utopus' opinion to manifest itself, 192.
Tunstall, Cuthbert, head of embassy to Flanders, 17 ; made Mas- ter of the Rolls, 17 ; characterized by M., 17.
Digitized byGoOgk
342
INDEX
Ultra-equinoctials, U. call Europeans, 82. Ulysses, H. compared to by G., 20.
Utensils, earthen and glass eating and drinking in U., 124.
Utopia, characterized by R., 4 ; M.'s explanation of delay in send- ing manuscript of to G., 10 ; finished by M. in time ; stolen from meat and sleep, 10; M.'s reasons for hesitating about publishing, 14 ; question of publication of submitted by M. to his friends, 16 ; text of, 10-217 (for divisions of see Table of Contents) ; considered by G. more excellent than Plato's Republic, 224; according to G. a marvellously accurate reproduction of H.'s statements, 226 ; style of praised by G., 226; commended by Noviomage, 231, and Graphey, 232.
Utopia, M.'s. ignorance of location of, 12 ; English professor of divinity desires to be made Christian bishop of, 12 ; M.'s pur- pose to confine himself to H.'s account of, 26 ; Achoriens live near (first mention of by H.), 63 ; Macarians live near (second mention of by H.), 71 ; inhabitants of actually practise what Plato feigned in his commonwealth (third mention of by H.), 75 ; inhabitants of generally characterized by H., 78 ; H. lived over five years in, 82; antiquity of histories and chronicles referred to by H., 82 ; civilized before Flanders was settled. 82 ; Europeans termed Ultra-equinoctials by inhabitants of, 82 ; inhabitants learned Roman arts and sciences from casta- ways on, 83 ; M. asks H. for a detailed account of, 84 ; general account of, 85-91 ; cities of, especially A., 91-96 ; magistrates in, 96-98, 164 ; sciences, crafts, and occupations in, 99-108 ; garments in, 99, 107 ; division of day in, 101 ; games in, 102 ; learned class in, 105 ; of living and mutual conversation in, 108-118; establishment of colonies by, 109; markets in, 1 1 1 ; hospitals in, 113; meals in common in, 114-118; travelling in, 118-119 ; commerce, domestic and foreign, of, 120-122, 153- 154; disregard for precious metals and gems in, 122-129; education and learning in, 130-133 ; ideas of people of con- cerning virtue and pleasure, 133-149; bodily and mental characteristics of people of, 149-150 ; introduction of Greek
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
343
language and literature into by H., 150-153 ; introduction of paper-making and printing into by H., 153-154 ; bondage in, 155-156 ; care of sick in, 156-157 ; marriage, incontinence, divorce, and adultery in, 157-161 ; punishments in, 161 ; regard for fools in, 163 ; allurements to virtue in, 163 ; laws in, 164-167 ; feeling towards leagues in, 167-170 ; practices of people of concerning war, 170-187 ; most wars by people of on behalf of their friends, 171 ; methods employed by people of to avoid battles, 174-176 ; hiring of mercenaries by people of, 170-179 ; methods of people of in actual conflict, 179-184 ; armor and weapons of people of, 184 ; conduct of people of during truce, on march, and after defeat of enemy, 185-186 ; religions in, 187-190; religious toleration in, 190-194; funeral customs in, 194 ; spiritualism in, 195 ; minor religious beliefs and disbeliefs in, 196 ; the two sects of those devoted to religion in, 176-198 ; priests of, 198-203 ; holy days in, 203 ; churches and church services in, 203-209; music in, 207; contrasted by H. with other so-called commonwealths, 209- 214; provision in for those past work, 210; in H's opinion likely to endure forever, 216; some practices in not considered commendable by M., 216; compared to Plato's city by Anemolius, 230 ; praised by Noviomage, 231 ; praised by Graphey, 231.
Utopus; conquered Abraxa, made an island of a former peninsula, gave it a name derived from his own, and brought the people to perfection, 87; made plan of A., 95; conquered Abraxa 1760 years before H.'s conversation with M., 95 ; conquest by made possible by religious dissensions among natives, 191 ; established religious toleration, 191 ; his reasons therefor, 191 ; belief of in the power of truth to manifest itself, 192 ; enjoined on all a belief in the immortality of the soul and a divine providence, 192 ; work of referred to in U. verses, 230.
Venetians, to conquer the supposed by H. to be a wish of the French king, 61. z
Digitized byGoOgk
344
INDEX
Verses, U., added by G. to M.'s work, 227.
Vespucci, Amerigo, joined by H. in his last three voyages, 21 ; pub- lication of his four voyages by referred to by M., 21 ; twenty- four Europeans, including H., left by in Gulike, 21 ; in G.'s opinion saw nothing compared with H., 225.
Vestments of U. priests described, 206.
Vice very rare in U. priests, 201.
Vices and virtues, U. game of, 102.
Vices punished after death believed by all citizens of U., 192.
Victuals, increase in price of in England, 40.
Virtue, discussion of U. ideas concerning, 133-137 ; U. definition of, 134 ; U. allured to by rewards of honor, 163 ; and obedi- ence of wives alone keep love of husbands, 163 ; U. belief that is rewarded after death, 192 ; a religious and devout- fear to- wards God the chief and almost the only incitation to, 206.
Visitors, reception of by U., 154.
Walls around A., 94.
War, feigning a one way for a king to raise revenue, 66 ; for U., refusal to receive their colonies considered most just cause for, 110; detested and abhorred, 170; glory obtained in considered inglorious, 170; daily practice in discipline of, by women as well as men, 170 ; causes that lead to, 171 ; made against Alaopolitanes on behalf of Nephelogetes, 171 ; commercial injuries to their own citizens do not lead to, 172 ; bodily injuries to their citizens may lead to, 173 ; methods used to avert actual, 173, 174-176 ; glory in successful craft and deceit in, 153 ; purposes of, 174 ; mercenaries, particularly Zapoletes, hired to engage in, 177 ; endeavor to spare their own citizens in, 179 ; arrangement as to succession to chief command in, 179 ; only volunteers employed in foreign, 1-80 ; in case of invasion, all made to fight in, 180 ; wives accompany their husbands to, 180 ; kindred fight side by side in, 181 ; communism, discipline, and education augment their courage and prowess in, 182; death or capture of opposing captain
Digitized byGoOgk
INDEX
345
sought in, 182; vengeance not sought after victory in, 182; enemy not pursued after victory in, 183; craft shown in laying and avoiding ambushes in, 183 ; fortifications of camps in, 184 ; armor and weapons, 184 ; and engines used in, 185 ; truce during held inviolable, 185 ; lands of enemies not wasted during, 185; unarmed men, except spies, not hurt during, 185 ; cities captured during not sacked, 185 ; those that dis- suaded yielding cities captured during killed, soldiers who defended made bondmen, and those who counselled yielding rewarded, 185-186 ; nothing taken from cities captured during, 186 ; expenses of must be paid by conquered, 186 ; lands of revenue taken in part payment of expenses of, 186 ; threatened invasion of island always forestalled by U., 187 ; foreign help never needed to protect U., 187. Waterworks of A., 93.
Wax, an important export of U., 121 ; a taper of the only insignia
of the bishop in U., 164. Weapons of U., 184. Wine-taverns, no in U. 119.
Wives, in U. become members of husbands' families, 109; minister to their husbands, 111 ; of priests referred to, 116, 200; con- sent of must be obtained by those desiring to walk in country, 119; chastised by husbands, 161; virtue and obedience of alone keep love of husbands, 163 ; accompany husbands to war, 180 ; confess faults to husbands and ask pardon on last day of each month, 205.
Women, in U. learn husbandry and one other craft, 99 ; usually clothworking, 100; married distinguished from unmarried by garments, 99 ; in turn do cooking in halls, 114 ; whenever possible, nurse their own children, 115; all instructed in childhood and majority devote their leisure to learning throughout life, 130 ; marriageable age of, eighteen, 157 ; exercised in discipline of war, 170; and go to war, 180; admitted to priesthood, 200.
Wood one of the principal exports of U., 121.
Digitized byGoOgk
346
INDEX
Wool, increase in price of in England, 40; garments of natural color of in U., 107 ; fineness of thread of not regarded in U. f 107 ; one of the principal exports of U., 121.
Work, the small number usually employed in necessary, 103 ; in U. scarcely five hundred of the young and vigorous of a city exempt from, 104; syphogrants legally exempted from all but voluntary, 105 ; those devoted to learning exempted from, 105 ; why less is necessary than elsewhere, 106-107 ; high- ways mended when other fails, 108.
Working-day, in U. six hours, 101 ; sometimes shortened, 108.
Writing in U. on skins, barks, and reeds before paper-making in- troduced by H., 153.
Year measured in U. by course of sun, 203.
Zapoletes, characteristics of, 177 ; favorite mercenaries of U. t 179.
Digitized byGoOgk
^jpHE following pages contain advertisements of a few of the Macmillan Anthologies.
Digitized byGoOgk
Digitized byGoOgk
A PARTIAL LIST OF THE
GOLDEN TREASURY SERIES
Edited by P. T. PALGRAVE
Cloth 16mo Each, $1.00 net
Addison, Joseph. Essays. Arnold, Matthew. Poems. Autocrat of the Breakfast Table. Bacon, Sir Francis. Essays. Ballad Book. Book of Golden Deeds. Book of Worthies. Byron, Lord. Poems. Campbell, Thomas. Poems. Children's Garland. Children's Treasury of Lyrical Poems.
Epictetus, Golden Sayings of. Golden Treasury Psalter. House of Atreus. By iEschylus. Jest Book. By Mark Lemon. Keats, John. Poems. Landor, W. S. Poems. London Lyrics. Lyric Love.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus,
Thoughts of. Miscellanies. By E. Fitzgerald.
Moore, Thomas. Poems. Pilgrim's Progress. By John Bun- yan.
Religio Medici. By Sir T. Browne. Robinson Crusoe. By D. Defoe. Rossetti, C. Poems. Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam. Shakespeare, W. Songs and Son- nets.
Shelley, P. B. Poems.
Southey, R. Poems.
Tales from Shakespeare. By C.
Lamb. Tennyson, Lord Alfred.
Idylls of the King.
In Memoriam.
Lyrical Poems.
The Princess. Theologica Germanica. Tom Brown's School Days. By
T. Hughes. Trial and Death of Socrates. Wordsworth. Poems.
The Golden Treasury of the Best Songs and Lyrical Poems in the English Language. Two volumes in one, $1.50.
A Complete Catalogue of this Series sent on Request
The MacmilUn Company, Publishers, New York
Digitized byGoOgk
Macmillan's
Pocket Series of English Classics
Cloth Uniform in Size and Binding 25 cents each
Addison's Sir Roger de Corerlcy. Edited by Zelma Gray, East Side High School, Saginaw, Mich.
Andersen's Fairy Tales. Translated from the Danish by Caroline Peachey and Dr. H. W. Dulcken. With biographical notes and introduction by Sarah C. Brooks, Training School, Baltimore, Md.
Arabian Nights. Edited by Clifton Johnson.
Arnold's Sohrab and Rustum and other Poems. Edited by Justus Col- lins Castlbman, Bloomington High School, Bloomington, Ind.
Bacon's Essays. Edited by Professor George Herbert Clarke, Mercer University, Macon, Ga.
Blackmore's Lorna Doone. Edited by Albert L. Barbour, Superintend- ent of Schools, Natick, Mass.
Browning's Shorter Poems. Edited by Franklin T. Baker, Teachers College, New York City.
Mrs. Browning's Poems (Selections from). Edited by Heloise E. Hershey.
Bryant's Thanatopsis, Sella, and other Poems. Edited by J. H. Cas- tlbman, Michigan Military Academy, Orchard Lake, Mich.
Bulwer-Lytton's Last Days of Pompeii. Edited by J. H. Castlbman.
Bunyan ' s The Pilgrim ' s Progress. Edited by Professor Hugh M offatt, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
Burke '8 Speech on Conciliation. Edited by S. C. Nbwsom, Manual Training High School, Indianapolis, Ind.
Burns' Poems and Songs. Selected by P. M. Buck, Jr.
Byron's Childe Harold, Cantos I-Iv. Edited by A. J. George, High School, Newton, Mass.
Byron's Shorter Poems. Edited by Ralph Hartt Bowles, Instructor in English in the Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N.H.
Carlyle's Essay on Burns, with Selections. Edited by Willard C. Gore, Armour Institute, Chicago, 111.
Carlyle's Heroes and Hero Worship. Edited by Mrs. Annie Russell Marble.
Carroll's Alice in Wonderland. Edited by Charles A. McMurry. Chaucer's Prologue to the Book of the Tales of Canterbury, the
Knight's Tale, and the Nun's Priest's Tale. Edited by Andrew
Ingraham. Church's The Story of the Iliad. Church's The Story of the Odyssey.
Coleridge's The Ancient Mariner. Edited by T. F. Huntington, Leland
Stanford Junior University. Cooper's Last of the Mohicans. Edited by W. K. Wickes, Principal of
the High School, Syracuse, N.Y. Cooper's The Deerslayer.
Cooper's The Spy. Edited by Samuel Thurber, Jr.
Dana '8 Two Tears before the Mast. Edited by Homer E. Kb yes, Dart- mouth College.
Defoe '8 Robinson Crusoe. Edited by Clifton Johnson.
De Quincey's Confessions of an English Opium-Eater. Edited by Arthur Beatty. University of Wisconsin.
De Quincey's Joan of Arc and the English Mail-Coach. Edited by Carol M. Newman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute.
Digitized byGoOgk
POCKET SERIES OF SN6LISH CLASSICS — Continued
Dickens's A Christmas Carol and The Cricket on the Hearth. Edited by James M. Sawin, with the collaboration of Ida M. Thomas.
Dickens 's A Tale of Two Cities. Edited by H. G. Buhhler, Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Conn., and L. Mason.
Dickens's David Copperfleld. 2 vols. Edited by E. Fairley, Jamaica High School, Jamaica. N.Y.
Dryden's Palamon and Arcite. Edited by Percival Chubb, Vice-Princi- pal Ethical Culture Schools, New York City.
Early American Orations, 1760-1824. Edited by Louie R. Heller, In- structor in English in the De Witt Clinton High School, New York City.
Ed wards' 8 (Jonathan) Sermons (Selections). Edited by H. N. Gar- diner, Professor of Philosophy, Smith College.
Emerson '8 Earlier Poems. Edited by O. C. Gallagher.
Emerson's Essays (Selected). Edited by Eugene D. Holmes.
Emerson's Representative Men. Edited by Philo Melvyn Buck, Jr., William McKinley High School, St. Louis, Mo.
Epoch-making Papers in united States History. Edited by M. S. Brown, New York University.
Franklin's Autobiography .
Mrs. Gaskell'S Cranford. Edited by Professor Martin W. Sampson, In- diana University.
George Eliot's Silas Marner. Edited by E. L. Gulick, Lawrenceville School, Lawrenceville, N.J.
Goldsmith's The Deserted Village and The Traveller. Edited by Rob- ert N. WHiTEFORDjHigh School, Peoria, 111.
Goldsmith's Vicar of Wakefield. Edited by H. W. Boynton, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.
Gray's Elegy. Edited by J. H. Castleman.
Grimm's Fairy Tales. Edited by James H. Fassbtt, Superintendent of Schools, Nashua, N.H.
Hawthorne's Grandfather's Chair. Edited by H. H. Kingsley, Super- intendent of Schools, Evanston. 111.
Hawthorne's The House of the Seven Gables. Edited by Clyde Furst, Secretary of Teachers College, Columbia University.
Hawthorne's Mosses from an Old Manse. Edited by C. E. Burbank.
Hawthorne's Tanglewood Tales. Edited by R. H. Keggs.
Hawthorne '8 Twice-Told Tales. Edited by C. R. Gaston.
Hawthorne's The Wonder-Book. Edited by L. E. Wolfe, Superintend- ent of Schools, San Antonio, Texas.
Homer's Iliad. Translated by Lang, Leaf, and Myers.
Homer '8 Odyssey. Translated by Butcher and Lang.
Homer '8 Odyssey. Translated by Alexander Pope. Edited by E. and W. Shumway.
Hughes' Tom Brown's School Days. Edited by Charles S. Thomas. Irving'8 Alhambra. Edited by Alfred M. Hitchcock, Public High
School, Hartford, Conn, living's Knickerbocker History of New York. Edited by Piofessor E. A.
Greenlaw, Adelphi College, New York City. Irving's Life of Goldsmith. Edited by Gilbert Sykes Blakely, Teacher
of English in the Morris High School, New York City. Irving's Sketch Book.
Keary's Heroes of Asgard. Edited by Charles H. Morss.
Kingsley '8 The Heroes: Greek Fairy Tales. Edited by Charles A.
McMurry, Ph.D. Lamb's Essays of Elia. Fdited by Helen J. Robins. Lamb's Tales from Shakespeare. Edited by A. Ainger.
Digitized byGoOgk
POCKET SERIES OF ENGLISH CLASSICS — Continued
Longfellow '8 Courtship of Miles Standish. Edited by Homer P. Lewis. Longfellow '8 Courtship of Miles Standish, and Minor Poems. Edited
by W. D. Howe, Butler College, Indianapolis, Ind. Longfellow's Evangeline. Edited by Lewis B. Semple, Commercial
High School, Brooklyn, N.Y. Longfellow's Tales of a wayside Inn. Edited by J. H. Castleman. Longfellow ' s The Song of Hiawatha. Edited by Elizabeth J . Fleming,
Teachers' Training School, Baltimore, Md. Lowell's Vision of Sir Launfal. Edited by Herbert E. Bates, Manual
Training High School, Brooklyn, N.Y. Macaulay's Essay on Addison. Edited by C. W. French, Principal of
Hyde Park High School, Chicago, 111. Macaulay's Essay on Clive. Edited by J. W. Pearce, Assistant Pro- fessor of English in Tulane University. Macaulay's Essay on Johnson. Edited by William Schuyler, Assistant
Principal of the St. Louis High School. Macaulay's Essay on Milton. Edited by C. W. French. Macaulay's Essay on Warren Hastings. Edited by Mrs. M. J. Frick,
Los Angeles, Cal.
Macaulay 's Lays of Ancient Rome, and other Poems. Edited by Frank- lin T.-> Baker, Teachers College, Columbia University.
Malory's Morte d'Arthur (Selections). Edited by D. w. Swiggett.
Memorable Passages from the Bible (Authorized Version). Selected and edited by Fred Newton Scott, Professor of Rhetoric in the Uni- versity of Michigan.
Milton '8 Comus, Lycidas. and other Poems.
Milton's Paradise Lost, Books I and n. Edited by W. I. Crane.
Old English Ballads. Edited by William D. Armbs, of the University of California.
Out Of the Northland. Edited by Emilie Kip Baker.
Palgrave's Golden Treasury of Songs and Lyrics.
Plutarch's Lives of Caesar, Brutus, and Antony. Edited by Martha
Brier, Polytechnic High School, Oakland, Cal. Poems Narrative and Lyrical required for college entrance. Edited by
Robert P. St. John, Commercial High School, Brooklyn, N.Y. Poe'S Poems. Edited by Charles W. Kent, University of Virginia. Poe's Prose Tales (Selections from).
Pope ' 8 Homer ' s Iliad. Edited by Albert Smyth, Head Professor of Eng- lish Language and Literature, Central High School, Philadelphia, Pa.
Pope's The Rape of the Lock. Edited by Elizabeth M. King.
Ruskin's Sesame and Lilies and the King of the Golden River. Edited by Herbert E. Bates.
Scott's Ivanhoe. Edited by Alfred M. Hitchcock.
Scott '8 Kenilworth. Edited by J. H. Castleman.
Scott's Lady of the Lake. Edited by Elizabeth A. Packard.
Scott's Lay of the Last Minstrel. Edited by Ralph H. Bowles.
Scott's Marmion. Edited by George B. Aiton, State Inspector of High Schools Tor Minnesota.
Scott's Quentin Durward. Edited by Arthur Llewellyn Eno, Instruc- tor in the University of Illinois.
Scott's The Talisman. Edited by Frederick Treudlby, State Normal College, Ohio University.
Selected Poems for Required Reading in Secondary Schools. Edited by H. W. Boynton, M.A.
Shakespeare's As You Like It. Edited by Charles Robert Gaston.
Shakespeare's Hamlet. Edited by L. A. Sherman, Professor of English Literature in the University of Nebraska.
Digitized byGoOgk
POCKET SERIES OF ENGLISH CLASSICS — Continued
Shakespeare's Henry V. Edited by Ralph Hartt Bowles, Phillips Exe- ter Academy. Exeter, N.H.
Shakespeare's Julius Caesar. Edited by George W. Hufford and Lois G. Hufford, High School, Indianapolis, Ind.
Shakespeare's Macbeth. Edited by C. W. French.
Shakespeare's Merchant of Venice. Edited by Charlotte W. Under- wood, Lewis Institute, Chicago, 111.
Shakespeare's Midsummer Night's Dream. Edited by E. C. Noyes.
Shakespeare's Richard II. Edited by Tames Hugh Moffatt.
Shakespeare's The Tempest. Edited by S. C. Newsom.
Shakespeare's Twelfth Night. Edited by Edward P. Morton.
Shakespeare (The Tudor Shakespeare). Under the General Editorship of Professor William Allan Neilson, Ph.D., of Harvard University, and Professor Ashley Horace Thorndike, L.H.D., of Columbia Uni- versity. 40 volumes. Illustrated. Cloth, i6mo, 25 cents each, net.
JUST PUBLISHED Romeo and Juliet. The General Editors.
Henry IV, Part I. Frank W. Chandler. Ph.D., Professor of English and Comparative Literature, University of Cincinnati.
Henry V. Lewis F. Mott, Ph.D., Professor of English, College of the City of New York.
As You Like It. Martha H. Shackford, Ph.D., Professor of English Literature, Wellesley College.
Henry VI, Part I. Louise Pound, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Eng- lish, University of Nebraska.
Macbeth. A. C. L. Brown, Ph.D., Professor of English, Northwestern University.
A Midsummer Night's Dream. John W. Cunliffe, Litt.D., Professor
of English, University of Wisconsin. Coriolanus. S. Sherman, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of
Illinois.
The Merchant of Venice. H. M. Ayres, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of
English, Columbia University. Henry VIII. C. G. Dunlap, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of
Kansas.
Troilus and Cressida. J. S. P. Tatlock, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of Michigan.
IN PREPARATION
King Lear. Virginia C. Gildersleeve, Ph.D., Dean of Barnard Col- lege.
The Tempest. Herbert E. Greene, Ph.D., Professor of English, Johns Hopkins University.
Much Ado about Nothing. William W. Lawrence, Ph.D., Associate Professor of English, Columbia University.
The Two Gentlemen of Verona. Martin W. Sampson, Professor of English, Cornell University.
Henry VI, Part II. Charles H. Barnwell, Ph.D., Professor of Eng- lish, University of Alabama.
All's Well that Ends Well. John L. Lowes, Ph.D., Professor of Eng- lish, W ashington University, St. Louis.
The winter's Tale. Laura J. Wylie, Ph.D., Professor of English, Vassar College.
Measure for Measure. Edgar C. Morris, Professor of English, Syra- cuse University,
Digitized byGoOgk
POCKET SERIES OF ENGLISH CLASSICS — Continued
Venus and Adonis, and Lucrece. Carlbton Brown, Ph.D., Professor
of English, Bryn Mawr College. Richard II. Hardin Craig, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of
Minnesota.
King John. Henry M. Belden, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of Missouri.
The Sonnets. Raymond M. Alden, Ph.D., Professor of English, Le- land Stanford Junior University.
Merry Wives of Windsor. Fred P. Emery, A.M., Professor of Rhetoric and Oratory, Dartmouth College.
Richard III. George B. Churchill, Ph.D., Professor of English, Am- herst College.
Antony and Cleopatra. George Wyllys Benedict, Ph.D., Associate
Professor of English, Brown University. Othello. Thomas M. Parrott, Ph.D., Professor of English, Princeton
University.
Twelfth Night. Walter Morris Hart, Ph.D., Associate Professor of English, University of California.
Titus Andronicus. Elmer E. Stoll, Ph.D. , Assistant Professor of Eng- lish, Western Reserve University.
Lovers Labour's Lost. Jambs F. Royster, Ph.D., Professor of English, University of North Carolina.
Cymbeline. Will D. Howe, Ph.D., Professor of English, Indiana Uni- versity.
Comedy of Errors. Frederick Morgan Padelford, Ph.D., Professor of the English Language and Literature, University of Washington.
Hamlet. George Pierce Baker, A.B., Professor of Dramatic Litera- ture, Harvard University.
Julius Caesar. Robert M. Lovett, A.B., Professor of English, Chicago University.
Henry IV, Part II. Elizabeth D. Hanscom, Smith College.
Pericles. C. Alphonso Smith, University of Virginia. Shelley and Keats (Selections from). Edited by S. C. Nbwsom. Sheridan's The Rivals, and The School for Scandal. Edited by W. D. Howe.
Southern Poets (Selections from). Edited by W. L. Weber.
Spenser's Faerie Queene, Book I. Edited by George Armstrong Wau- chope, Professor of English in the South Carolina College.
Stevenson's Kidnapped. Edited by John Thompson Brown.
Stevenson's Master of Ballantrae. Edited by H. A. White.
Stevenson's Treasure Island. Edited by H. A. Vance, Professor of Eng- lish in the University of Nashville.
Swift's Gulliver's Travels. Edited by Clifton Johnson.
Tennyson's Idylls of the King.
Tennyson's Shorter Poems. Edited by Charles Read Nutter.
Tennyson's The Princess. Edited by Wilson Farrand.
Thackeray's Henry Esmond. Edited by John Bell Hennbman, Uni- versity of the South, Sewanee, Tenn.
Washington's Farewell Address, and Webster's First Banker Hill Ora- tion. Edited by William T. Peck.
John Woolman's Journal.
Wordsworth's Shorter Poems. Edited by Edward Fulton.
THE MACMILLAN COMPANY
Publishers 64-66 Fifth Avenue New York
Digitized byGoOgk
Digitized byGoOgk
Digitized byGoOgk
THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SANTA CRUZ
This book is due on the last DATE stamped below. To renew by phone, call 459-2756 Books not returned or renewed within 1 4 days after due date are subject to billing.
McHENRY RESERVE
SEP 2 3 1399
SANTA CRUZ, CALIF FEB 1 5 2000 RIC'D
JUL 1 4 2001 RECTI JUL 2 5 2001 R£C0
FEB 102002
FEB 1 3 2002 REC'O
Digitized byGoOgk
%°8 le
1