VII. During his reign two pretenders to the crown ap-

peared : in 1487 Lambert Simnel, who posed as the Earl of Warwick and was supported by Margaret of Burgundy ; and in 1491 Perkin Warbeck, who called himself Duke of York and was supported by both Margaret and Charles VIII. of France. More seems to be referring, however, to what was a general practice rather than to any individual case.
63:5. turn over the leaf. More wrote uerti iubeam uela, should order the sails to be shifted, i.e., should order that they go on another tack. Robynson changed the metaphor and added "and learn a new lesson."
63: 12. Achoriens. Again the name, from a and xtfy>a, those without a place, indicates the mythical nature of the people.
63 : 13. Utopia. This is the first mention of the island.. Note the casual way in which it is introduced. Cf . Intro- duction, xlvii. The name is derived from otf, no, and t6tos, place.
63 : 17. alliance. I.e., marriage alliance. Lupton sug- gests (85) that " More may perhaps have been thinking of the ancient claim of England to the throne of France " ; but in view of what has preceded it is more probable that he had in mind the French claim to Milan or Naples.
64:2. pilled. Plundered. "There was daily pilled from good men and honest, great substance of goods to be lashed out among unthrifts." — More, Richard III., 67.
64 : 10. set by. Esteemed.
65 : 2. his. The French king's.
65 : 9. did before him. By Charles VIII. 's claiming Naples, the period of great international European wars had been begun but about twenty years before More wrote this.
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NOTES
66 : 25. call down the value of coin. Edward IV., Henry VII., and Henry VIII. caused much commercial distress by tampering, in various ways, with the coinage.
66 : 4. foreign war. In 1489, 1490, and 1492 Henry