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Fourthly, when thefe matters are fevered by che fame Soul each is put in its own place, the Brain and Scomach inone place, the fleart and Liver in ancther. - The fife is che Formaciveé peculiarly fo called, by which its own fhape, quancicy, number; andthe hike, are alloreed to each part. 3 Thereis Secondly, There can be no other Agent here affigned fave the feed. ' For firft of al, the no Agent Generator himfelf ismany times abfenc.. Soin che Spring, when a Plant {prings fron feed, in the feed the Plant which bare that feed is many times dead long before; and whiles rhe Animal ts in except th she Womb of the female receiving its fhape, che Male which ingendred the fame may happen fen co be dead. rhei - Aoain, Neither can the inbred Heat of theS e 7nHALe . oS ° - « : : : Heat in it cannot be denied, chat che innate Heat is an Organ wherewith as other actions in the body, the Seed fo conformation isfhaped , yet it isnot the primary Caufes fince foadmirable a workcah= isnot che not be afcribed co a bare quality, asto give to fo many different parts almoft infinice in num Principle ber, each its peculiar figure, quantity, number, {cicuation; buc there is ‘need ofa far es Diviner Agent. Of which Scaliger, Exercitat. 6. Sett.5. Uf Ctaies he) the form’ comes "from without (as they telus) and in the mean vobile the matter 7s furnifhed with’ al kinds of perfetion 5 of neceffity both the Qualities and Quantities, thenumbers, orders, and fcituations,muft be provided and ordered by fomwbat which w# wiibin, and in conclusion the wbol Body muft be fhapzd by the fame internal Principle. Now this fhaping of the be dys performed, either by a fubftance, or by an accident;'or by both. ‘Not by aw accident alone, Fir(t of all, becaufe no accidentwoorks but in the veriue of its fubftance. Again, becaufeno accident bath knowledg, But that fame Vertue and Power which is Architet of fonoblea Temple bath been judged by all Philofopbers to be moft exceeding wie. ft mujt be therefore framed and built by afi ubfiance. And this fubjtance w the Form of the Seed: Doubtle(s-the form of the Seed: if it be not a Soul itis a bruit thing. andafitframe the body, itisequaltothe Soul. Butin groveing and reftoring of wafted Flefb the foul is it which doesall. ‘Tbere muft betherefore zn the Seed a fhaping Soulwhich comes beforetbat Soul for wbich it prepares its boufe. And thereforethat former Soul is more wife and noble thantbis latter. Anda lhecle before: Phe Porm itfelf is tbe cause of this prepara- sion. ‘Eorit both alters the whol, and difpofes of the parts for its ovonufe. Nor ben the body arrives to the perfettion of its preparation, does it then alfo arrive to‘ the fub- flantial Form. For the Format felf exits before-band, And therefore there is no progre{s made to it, but to its att} that there may afterwards be ufe made thereof. aap The vertne
of the Mo-and fhaping of che Body. — For if the Formative Faculty were inthe Womb, and not in the
isl - ‘Seed, the Father fhould confer nothing toche Conformation of the yong one, and dhould af- a spe! ford only a paflive Principle, and contequently fhould nor generate. Again, there ‘ean be
Canfe of no -caule afligned why che Child fhould be fomrimes like the Father, and why’ Females the forma- fhould not alwaies be ingendred. Thirdly, in'Eg-bearing Ammals che Conformation 1s not tien of the performed by the Womb, but the Eggs are:perfectedinto Chicken, without the Body of Jong ene the Fen ;asneither the Barth (which to Plarics isas the Womb) bach any power to fhape the Plant, butal chat Facuicyisin cheSeed.. Moreovery if heat brings (as they fay) the power of the Seed inco act, a Quality engenders afubftance. Nor can they avoid the force of chis Argument whoanf{wer, That this fubftantial Power is fo ordered anddifpofed by che Ge~ necator, thac che faid Quality being awakened it breaks-forth anco an act like che*Gerieraror: For what Tpray you is char fubftaacial power ? Certainly unlefs it be che Soul itis a meer
figment, which appeats by their ownrule, when they fay thatthe next ‘power is teckoned
foranatt. For fincea thing cannor beac once both in act and powet, itche next power be
an aét, certainly i¢ cannot bea pure paffive power, bara formal one; “and fo' che Soulic
felf:
The Ob-
jeltion of foetus, queft. 5.concluf.6.| For teeing he grants thac chere is no orher caute of the Confor=" mation of an atiimate Body fave the Soul, ic is rightlyhence concluded ; That whatever hath’
Fienus egein(t the in it che Efficient Gaufe of Formation hath'in icthe. Souls): But che feed hath in ae the caufe
prefence of oF the Conformation of an animate Body, Ergo ichathim i'che Soul. Here indeed Pienus~ hi anfwers; Lacknowledg the Premifes'aretrues but Idenytbe Gonfequence. [pis madeeds | rightly inferred that there is fome Soul inthe Seed,‘ but not thar it ts’ the Soul of theSeed, There is indeed a Soul brought ino the Seed after that tbe Seed is conceived inthe Wombyor |
planted in the Garth, or the Bg is ferunder the Hen, when ab things are pus inkoratt + but) ® tbat i
the foul in the feed.
Nor in Animalscan the Vertue of che Mothers Womb be the caufe of the Conformation
Nor is that of any moment which Thomas Fienus brings againft this argument, de form.
¢ that Sto que Pret {eh Cuul heed feed | not p ation ougl from place alter rhe Lo Laf Ant operat rinaci ments For ence t0 Creatu
| Hequen Wy acco § Geet bth may extel beto dead Hen tion]
| the P; B Miter 1 Tho beep r 8 idiny B iste} B Generae B itivep B bethar¢ a Th BY, cen B Podyce B Vvbichis) iB %, Aug Veto Cin, Ant} } duce ri | | bedone | | pa ing ) Yea and
atethvat
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* Generation however ditpofed co fic ic for che reception of the form, does communicate an Ty
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ie ee ae ee ee TEE eT TCT Loma aa To ne ee ees | Chap. 6. In the Seed is the Soul which fhapes the Living Body, ASS i UNC a a a pc ey ee ; ‘ that is not the Soul of the Seed, or which did pre-exiftin the Seed, ov which was bred in the . i Stones, the Tree, or the Hen, but the Sout of the young Conception which was afterward introduced tbereinto. But in very good deed, how can the Confequent be denied 1fborh the \ t Premifes be true ? For in a SyHopifm, that which 1s falfe cannot be inferred from true Prems- 4} if fes. He faies neverchelefs chat rhe Minoris falfe, and hedeniesthac che foul which 1s the Caufe of Conformation is che foul of che feed: but falfely. For ic muft be fheved, as : hereafter fhal be faid, what 1s che caufe of chofe operations and of the conformation in the i, { feed before che foul is come, according tohisopimon, Moreover fince he fates the foul is a not prefent cil all chings be a¢tuared, he cught co thew whac isthe Auchor of thac fame actu- |e ation and conformation, in Plants, Eggs, Bruit Beafts, before che fou! comes. Thirdly ‘the Teil: ought co have cold us, whether the Souls alfo of Plants, Birds, and Beafts, are incroduced, and Dey Gi from what caufe they proceed. Doubtlefs when fome Seed is caft intothe Barth, orin any m4) place is moiftened with water( without any other caufe)firft ic puts forch a Root, and a liccle alll, afcer ic bepins tofprouc. WhacI pray you ische caufe of this operation and formation, fave hei) the Soul already pre-exiftent in the Seed ? Or if xc be not che Soul pre-exiftent in the Seed, ie Lec Fienus fhew whence it fhould afterwards come. Ml | And this Argumenc which bach hitherto been propounded and explained, drawn from the operations of the Soul appearing inthe Seed might alone fuftice to perfwade'a mind noc per- cinacious, but defirous of cruch, chat che Soul isin the Seed: Howbeit chere are ocher Argu- ments evident enough co prove Che fame. it "t For in the fecond place, whatfoever ingenders its like muft needs communicate its Ef= pip, ence co the ching ingendred ; orherwife ic would nor be effentially hikeic. But every living would’ noJ | Creature begets its hike, “Ergo it communicates its Effence co che ching ingendred ; and con- Leger. ies aha fequently not only the maccer, but alfothe form, whereby che Effence of a ching ts chief= likes if the We en FA
nr er ap ra
ly accomplifhed. And ifchis were not fo there could beno univocal Generation, and the om Generator could give nothing bucrhe matter, nor couldany.mah tel us whence the Soul,q =~ fhould come; when frequently the Generacor before a Plane or Animal is made of the Seed Wat may. come to die, and alterward nothing fhould be found coform the Plant or Animal fave eee excernal Heat. Thus the Seeds and bulbous Roots of Plants are fomcimes kepc many yeere hh \ before any Planc grow therefrom, the Piant which bare che Seed or Bulb being long fince mi dead. Sooutofan Egg even by the Heat of a Furmacea Chick is batched, the Cock and hihi Hen from whofe copulation the Egg proceeded, being long fince kil’d and eaten. And ques ftionlefs if there were not in che Seed an active Principle cogimunicated by the Parents, the Parents could not be truly faid co generace, fince they fhould afford only the Matcer. :
Thomas Pienusindeed makes anfwer, de Format. Fet. quaeft. 6. thatche Parents do aie herein really and actively genecace, in chat they afford the Seed and Matter of Generation, hi and imprint thereupon al] difpoficions neceffary for che Introduction ofa Soul. Buc this ais the Begging of the Queftion. For we deny thatthat which only affords che matter of
active principle and truly Generate. For all chete difpofitions do belong to the maceer,and ne he that does not communicace che principle of acting, hecannoc be faid actively to ingender. A Thitdly, Ifthe Seed had noSoul init, and yet fhould produce a Creature witha Soul in A Thing ‘” it, chemore noble fhould be produced by the Jefsnoble, and che Virtue of the Seed thould Inanimate Ly producea Subftance, which is abfurd. For nothing aéts beyond its ability ; alfo rhac %#%et tn- Wt which is not animated fhould perform actions properto the Soul, Conformation, Nuttiti- i te op, Auction, Attraction ; fhould make Bones, Flefh, Membranes : al] which aétions are Ait performed ac the firft conformation, which bappens foon after che Beginning of che Con- : ception. | And though ic be objected by fome, that an Agent by virtue of another thing may pro- duce an effect more noble chan of ic felf ic were able to compa(s: yetifthisbedone, it muft be done when the principal Agent is prefent, and not when ic is abfent, which does not hap= pen ingeneration. For che Father may be abfent from the place where Generation is made, yea and he may be dead before thac cime. Soalfo the Mother may be abfenc or dead, as it happens in Chickens, which are hatched by the Heat ot a Furnace, or by fome Fow] of a= nother fort. Ban Ie All che Premifes therefore being confidered, ic is moft rightly determined, chac the fou] How Live anh an it felf is 1n the feed, and as Zabarella wel {aies de Facult. Anim.cap. 11. chat Living things tings are AE wheithey penecare their like do communicate fome of their Matter and {ome of their £°"¢74#0 Form, when they afford an animated feed furnifhed with the fame vical faculty which was in the Generator. N 7 For
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486 _—~—-— Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
Soulsare . For though the Souls of living things of chemfelves haveno Quantity nor are divifible : lal with yet according to che extenfion of the matter whereinthey are chey chemfelves are excended, hii Be- which Portunius Licetus bath proved in two Book dz Anime Coextenfione Corpori, and dise. when itis divided they are divided, or rather multiplied, ard yec they themfelves are
neither greacer nor lefsthan they were. SotheSoul which isina {mal T wig chac fictt fhoots out of the Earth, is no lefs chan that whichis afterward ina tali Oak 3 noris the Sout of a CalflefsthanchatofanOx. After the fame manner the Soul diffufes ie {elf into the Nutcri- ment which is newly adjoyned to the Body, and fo according co the extenfi- on of the Body which ic informs it felf is extended, and yet becomes noc grearer than ic was: as om che Contrary, when a Branch is plucke from a Tree, che Soul of the Tree is nog made lefs than ic was. After the fame manner it is in Generation. For whereasbeforea Plant generates the foul isbut onein number, becaufe it is but in one fubject :, yet now that che Plant generates feed, viz. fuch a matter as wherein the fou] which was before in one numerical fubject may now be multiplied in ics exiftence 5 & that Seed being ripe is feparaced from the Plant : in each feed though never {c {mal che foul remains entire, and now it lives by its own foul and fubfifts by it felf; and fince of one Plane of Poppy more than an hundred feeds are bred, the fame foul of the Poppy exifts entice in each feed 5 and then che Soul is faid co mulciply ic felf: which whenit doth, ic becomes no leffer chan ic was; fince of wfelfic hatch no Quantity. |
Howtbe Buc which way the foul tc fe}f remaining encire can communicate its Effence to another, Sout mal- chisisthat which hath perplexed great Wits, and not being underftood hath raifed many vee # difputes and bred many Errors. For Ful. Cefar Scaliger faies rightly concerning the Soul, (elf Exercit. 307. fet. 29. Wefee the fhallownels of our Underftandings. Who dares fay he
comprebends the fpectes of fubftances ? We cannot attain to that exquifite knowledg, hovo of teoo things one is made 5 bove tbe Form ss totally in the wbol Body, and totally in every part. So divine athing is the Form, that being a fubftance it fils another fubftance fut of it self, fo that of both one ts made. Therefore to enquire further ss the part of an over cuvi- oH and bufie mind 5 for it 4 a part of bumane W1fdome to be contentedly ignorant of fome things.
whether But chiefly that queftion hath much troubled many, whetherthe Soul be rotally in the on fout be who} Body, and totally in every part thereof: alfo how the Soul isdivifible, whecher in re- pusitbte, gard of its extenfion by means of che Body. Where {ome hold that all che Souls of perfect Animals (and they only )are indivifible and unextended: others hold that all:the fouls of perfect Animals are divilible andextended, only the rational Soul of man excepted. Buc the Conimbricenfian Collegiates dohold both chefe Opinions to be.very probable, and cherefore chey anfwer che Arguments brought to prove both, aad fo leave the Reader unre- folved: yecthey confefsthey had rather maincain the former. ‘Portunius Licetus, inhis two Books of the Coexcenfion of fouls wich cheir bodies, bolds chat al fouls, yea the rational,
are co-excended with the Boay. How feuls Hence alfo anosher controverfie hath rifen, how in the Augmenration of the parts of the ere co-ex- Bodies of Animals which grow che growing parts do receivecbe Soul; which is atcended ened with wich exceeding great difficulties, as Zabarella alfo confeffes, and is fo ob{cure, chatic mo- the Body: ved Sebaftianus Baffo (a man otherwife quick-fighted enough inthe things of nature)code- ny thae chereis any {uch ching as a fubftancial form, and abfurdly to hold chat the form ina body natural is noching but a certain collection of particles of the fame kind intoan excellene kind of Harmony. Now amongothers, Jacobus Zabarella hath wricten largely of chis Queftion, Lib. 1.de Accretione, where having in Chap, 13. reciced conttary Opinions, and rightly rejected che Opinion of Scotus and others, who hold chat che Soul flows with the matter, and chat in che parts of the matter bred of the Aliment particles of the Soul are bred, and chat fo juft che fame foul does not laft during the life of the Anima];and had undertaken
to defend the other Opinion, that the Soul all che Life cimeremains che fame innumber,and ©
when new matter comes is extended to inform che fame, Chap. 16. he propounds two very urgent doubts againft che fame: The ficftis, That afcer chis manner, when the Soul which is in the old fleth pafles over co inform the Flefh newly compofed of Nutrimens, the Form feems ro go ouc of one fubject into another, which feemsco be abfurd. Theotheris, That thus che Soul wil feem co be movable of it felf; whereas 4riffotle inthe 6. Pbyfic. ceaches, that Bodies only are of themfelves movable ; and chat the Soul ismovable only by accident according to che motion of che Body, in 1.de Anima. But Zabarella rightly anfwers to che firft, that che Form in chis manner does not cotally forfake his fubject bug remains chexein, yet paffes over to inform new matter, which cranfition, or diffufion wants a proper cy yee
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In the Seed is the Soul which fhapes the living Body. 487
v Seen nn ee BS SSA AR LIE © Vaegiett APES
Chap. 6.
Andtothe Second; That che Soul does not patsoverco mtorm new matter by Motion, bue after a'certain manner cous hid and unknown. Which chings aishough Baffo does laugh at, yet itrightiy expleined they are moftcrue. Abthe Exrors which many tun 20to in this poincdo proceed from hence, becaufe they atcribuce {uch chings coche Form and Soul. as belong only coche Body, viz, Quanuty, Divifibilicy, and parcs. Bucchat which Scaliger writes concerning che motion of Angels, Exercit. 359. Sett. 12. is allo true of che Souls chat it is exrended without predicamental Quantity, and moved not with corporeal motion, by pafling from place to place, but with the motion of a thing incorporeal, and extended, by changing its Ubi. For asic isin Exercit, 307- Set.13. Whatever is moved is in a place. But the Soul is notin a place, becaufe it bath noquantity. Tror that which hath quantity cannot be atonce in al the parts of a living thing that bath quantity. But the Soulis in every part of the body which bath quantity. Andalictie alcers The Soul it felf becomes no greater, by means whereof the body 1s made greater. And checetore he bimiel€ cals noe motion properly focermed, but in the fame place he writes When 1t a introduced inta that part n bich is added to the body, tbe Soul which before veas in the magnitude ¢ for ex ample (ake of a foot and an balf, is advanced half afoot. Andalitleatier: Tbe Soul ra transferred by promotion of it felf from it felf to al tbat which is newly added to the body, evento the utmoft circumference, al tbe matter bemg mean while filled which les betveixt, For chas when che Narure of aching is not very cleer, neither is it eafie Co invent names, and chofe names we ufe are equivocal, and taken from things more known.
But that we may in tome fore explain che Nacure of che Soul as far:as the weaknefs The xa- of our Usderftanding wil give: leave, and that we may declare how we are. to !#r of the tinderftand what is commonly faid, chat che Soul isa coral Being, which may be divi- foul declan ded, extended, muleiplied, and that fome light may be given coal chis Dodtrine of the Gene- ration of living things, thus the cafe flands. All natural Bodtes coniiit of Matter and Form, which in living thingsisthe Soul, The matter ot che Body is of ic felt fubje&t to The Body Quantity, and divifibie inco parts baving Quantity, and a Body fo cakes up place chac ic 241 a¥en- wi} admit no orher body rhereinto, and it ismevable from placeto places Bue the form and vipble dé foul hath no quanticy, and therefore it fils and penetrates the who} Body, iis indivifible of i€ ¢ahes up felf, yet is co-extended with the whol Body without quantity. But fince (asthe School place, men rightly teach) a thing is {aid co be fome where three manner of waies, either Defini- movable, tively, or Repletively, or Circumf{criptively and Locally : ‘the Body only is citcumfcriptive- The fous ly ina place, and fo faid totake upa place. For two Bodies having quantity can never be sn felf in the fame place, and chat place which one body hath taken up another cannot poflels: un- guantiry, lefs the body firft by local mutation pafs into another. But fubftances free from quantity fis the (as allo (enfible fpecies) can be eicher divers of chem rogether, or with other bodies in fome body, is ins place; of which we have fpoke more largely in our. 1. B. of Natural Philofophy, chap. 5, civil, and6.. Ard alrhough the manner of exifting any where repletively does properly belong to cote Gad, who (2s Damajcen writes) is al},and totally every where, vobolly in all, and whol- wiek the ly above all, bigh, glorious, immenfe, incomparable, incomprebenfibles, but Souls are not Bedy. every where as God is, but are limited and contained within their own Bodies; yet learned Three Men (and amoneft che reti Johannes Faber fiapulenfis, Dialog. 26 Phyficarum Intro« Meeags of duff.) do attribare che manner of being {ome where replecively to the Soul alfo, and being obetes carried aloft by che wings of their Mind from the Joweft plenitude ro che higheft and infinite, hadivscae chey acknowledg tHe Imege of God who fils al things, and exifts totally inche World, and net be te- totally without, even in Souls; and that rightly. For the Soul of al Animals fils che whal geeber in Body which it informs, nor is ithindred chough'the Body have filled this place before, »but the fame
Bie tH ai ee | ean t. ; . place. cnac ic aliocan be inal the parts of the Body. And al Dimenfions being taken away, the” yap form of any of us may be in che fame Ubi with that of another, nor would che prefence of shings ave one hinder the prefence of theather. As we fee many lights {catered through the fame repletively Air, not does the pretence of one hinder che prefence of another ; and although there are “”) wheres
Whether the foul move ?
many io the fame place, yet they are not mingled, which the fhadows declare. Alfo we may Aye 3 fee the fame Soul which at ficft fils the Body ofa {mal Branch fprung up from an Acotn, and : The font
ofaimal Infant; afterward when che {aid Branch is grown up toa callOak, and the In- gis che fant is become a large Man, yet ic fills che fame Bodies though it felt be not aug- whol bedy¢ mented. :
Andro apply what hath been faid co our prefenc purpofe; as when of a {mal Branch a Hew 14 ta] Tree is grown up, or ofa Calfan Ox ismade, of an Infant a ftrong wel-fec Man; the [0H cam fou) inthe Tree, Ox, Man, is not made larger than when it was in the Branch, Calt, Infane: Abaca, fo the foul when by the feed ic gives Effence co divers individ ini as)
the foul when by che teed ar gives Ellsnee co individual matters, isnot made lelier,
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438 - ~~ Natural-Philofopbical Difcourfes. | Boox IV.
nor does irfofe any thing, andthe foul which is in che feed born by a cal! Tree, is no leffe than thae which is inche Tree ie felf,
The foul By al which icappears that it is more proper to fay che foul is multiplied chan divided. properly is Fox fince nothing is divided but what hath Quantity, and one pare without another , buc ne che Soul hath no quantity, mor hath it one part without another, properly it is not divided aberber Heiher by it elf, norby accident. ‘The body indeed as having quantity and one part without tbe fox! be or behind another, ts divided, nor is the part taken from the Body of the fame Effence with co-exten-. che who}: but chat pare of che foul which is feparaced from the Generator is of the fame ded with Effence wich che foul of the Generacor; and although it be ina {maller body, yet is ic as toral- ebe bedye ly and entirely there, as the foul of the Generator isin chis Body. And that Excenfion may
offend no man, nor caufe himto think that the Soul becaufe it is excended bath parts; Jer him ponder with himfelf how that of Scaliger is to be underftood, Ezercit. 359. Set. 12. That che Soul isextended wichour predicamencal quantity. Where we mutt diftinguith berwixe excenfion properly fo called, and extenfion taken only analogically. Extenfion properly belongs to quantity and bodies which have parts fo difpoted cthac where one is che other is Mot; for examples fake, where che Foor is there che Hand is not. Bue che Soul although it be joyned co che body, becaufe it informs a body meafured and extended, and che plenicude and replency thereof (for fo the School-men cerm it beccer chan Exrenfion, and Fortuuius Licetws might better have ufed this word in che Title of his Book de Coex- tenfione Animarum cum Corpore ) is as large as the body ic felf, and itsdimenfion, and fills ic chough ic grow never fo big, no pare beingadded.chereco, ‘Yet there isnot one part ofthe Soul in the Eye, another in the Foor, nor ts che Soul in a Man gceater chan that an an Infant; buc as God is immenfe and infinite every where, not having part without parc, or behind or afcer part: foalloafter ics fafhion the foul fils che whol body, not having pare after part. Whereby we may eafily anfwer that Objection which bath troubled many, and Baffo amongft the reft ; That if che Soul be torally in he whol Body, 1: wil follow chat when a part of che body is cur off (as for examples fake, the Hand) the Soul wil bedivided with che divifion ofthe Body. For in fuch chings truly in which che Seminal Principle 1s {pred al the body over, asina Willow, the Soul is mulcplied by cutting offa branch, or as they commonly ipeak, 1s divided :. but in Animals where Propagation is made by Seed the foul remains intire in its body, though a part of the body be cur off s as alfo in growing, although the foul communicates it felf coche partsadded tothe body, ae it does not pais out of ons
A twofela Subject inco another. “Fortunius ee alio acknowledged thus much, Lib. 2. de ani-
extenfion mae Coextenfione, cap: 4. where he makes a twofold excenfion, one materia] belonging to
magnitude, which is only ina thing which hath corporeal quancity 5 che other formal and
belonging co an incorporeal fubftance : and he rightly adds, That although thefecwoexcen- | it ie 1.03
Neh tl an Ania Kip Sp A} detaed H Pope ag Hes an | Where th ind the BF Glebe edo, Bb iy | f Were
| ie 7
fions, Material and Formal, have an analogy and propottion one to another (viz. Becaufe either of chem bounds che thing defined within certain limirs : for God alone is cotally every where) yetherein chey differ, That extenfion formal fo called makes nos the thing co which it belongs co be {ubject co quantity, nor neceffarily divilible, either of it felf, or by ac- cident: but material extenfion fo called makes 4 thing both to have quantity and divifibilicy. Senfible {pecies do aifo afford an Image of this thing. For if a bright fhining ching be in fome place, orany other image of a thing, and chere be only one man chat fees ic, or one Looking- glafs co receive the Reprefentation; che whol Image of the vifible thing is in che eyes of one Man, orinone Glafs. Burif an hundred, or athoufand, or more men come, ora thoufand Gaffes be fer, che fame image which was before received by one Man and by one Glafs, does now appear ina thoufand Men, and a thoufand Looking-plaffes 5 nor yet is the Species
or Reprefencation of chat vifible Object divided inco Quantitative parts. Every And hence arofe chat famous Axiome of Philofcphers; Thac every Form multiplies it form can {elf, Which although Zabarella quotes, de fenfu agente, cap. 5.. where he treats of fenfible
maltiply Species : yet icdoes not cherefore tollow (as one unskiltully imagines) that it is only true. | Ak | | {OM .
HLef> of accidental Forms. Contrariwife, it is rather generally and primarily crue of the fubftan- | oan B. 2drth) i Kd, | thd nog, i Chip o Bitten qs, be Nethre ey i Cally
tial forms, and only confequently of che accidental, For fubftanicial forms are really fomns 5 but accidental forms are only their Imagesand fhadowsas ic were. And therefore if acciden- gal forms have a power co multiply chemfelves, much more have fubftancial forms che fame power ; fince accidents do al that they do by vercue of their forms, So that ic is apparent that Zabarella underftood this Axiom of fubftantial forms, from Lib. de facultat. anime,
cap. 11. where he waites, That ic ische proper condition of the Vegetative Soul chacche Ge- | necator fhould afford fome of his own matter and fome of his own form ; and in chat whol | Chapter he teaches exprefly, chat that fame yulgat Opinion of he Eduction of Forms out of @
the
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Chap.6. — Inthe Seed is the Sonl which rapes the Living Body. 489
the apricude of che matter by che action of an excerna! Agent hath by no means place in Jiving things. And Ariftotle alfo himfelf exprefly teaches, 2. de Anima, cap. 2. text. 20. That fome Souls do muttiply chemfelves, when he wrices that {ome Plants divided and feparated do therefore feem co live becaufe the Soul which 1s in chem ts actually indeed one in every Plant, but porentially many; whichalio hegrancs infome Animals. Which it it be true in Plants which live divided, why fhould i not becrue in chem alfo which are propagated by y,,.,, Seed, that fo che Soul fhould be {aid co be one, but potentially many, viz. by the Seed, as the fouls wel as chey can multiply chemfelves by che divifion of chert body ? propagati- Now this multiplication is performed divers waies, as fhal befaid hereafer. But this is %-_, common toal, chat the Soul fhould have its proper fubjeét wherein ic might cleave, and by ; Pes a which it mighe be feparated from the Generator, and might conftitute a new Individual; plied Ha its which is che Seed, or fomwhae analogical to the Seed. 41 tour-footed Beafts do communi- proper (nb- care their Souls by cheir feed 5 Birds, Serpents, and Infects fome of chem, do bring forth fed. Egos, or fomwhat analogical to Eggs, and by chem they multiply themfelver. In Plancs there isa vatious manner of Propagation, as fhalalfo be faidhereafter. For fome propagate chemfelves by Seed, fome by Branches, fome by a Root or Bulb; and fome by divers of chefe waies. For it is not in them asin Animals, where the Sout is tted co the feed,or to fomwhas which anfwers the Seed, but it is diffufed chrough the who} Planc, or through its parts, fo chat ic can multiply ic felf by any parcif icbe put intoche groynd , fo that thence anew Plane wilarife. Nor are che Souls neverchelets divifible in Planes although it be common- ly fofaid; fince chey have nor one parc without another, but che body of che Plant only ia divided, and is made Jefe by cutting off {ome bough, branch, or Root : nor doesit give pare of ic felf to the Seed, che Branch, the Root, but ics whol felf, and fo muluplies ic felf. Here alfo I muft explain how thatisto be underftood which I have written in Chap. 9, | /hether de Confenf. @ Diffenf. Chymicorum cum Ariftot. @ Galeno, that che formas alfo of Metals the forms are multiplied after cheir fafhion; {ince a cereain malignanc Perfon hath charged me to hold Se thaca ftone begets a ftone, and metal begets metal. Forlamnot fo blockifh and foolith as pijed, i ro beleeve thac this Load-ftone, this Diamond, this Cryftal, chis Gold does engender, as one Poppy breeds anothér, and one Lettuce another. For multiplication caken in chis fence does properly belong coche hving and Vegetative Soul; aed Generation is the Work of a livingbody only. ‘Yecthis is erue in the mean time, That Jewels and precious {tones were nogal particularly made at the firft Creation, bue Experience and Hiftories cited in che place aforefaid, do evince that the Mines and Matrixes ot Jewels and Metals being once ex- hautted are filled again,and others fucceed in the room of chofe that are digged up, This ther- fore is my Underftanding, wherein J agree with Anfelmus Loetins, and other moft learned men; chacas in Plantsand Animals, by che foul lying bid in che feed. is formed a Plane and an Animal ; fo alfo by a certain Gold-making, Silver-making, Stone-niaking, Cryftal-ma- king Spirit, containing the Archire@onick form in it felf, Scones, Jewels, and Metals are ge- nerated in the Earth 3 and from it according to every ones kind, figure, color, and other proper accidents are given tochem ; andchac this Spiric diffufes ac felf intoche exhaufted. Mines and Quarries of Metals and Jewels, and there generates new Metals and Jewels. But where that Spirit lies hid, and which is che feae chereof (in chis darknefs of Humane Minds, and the ignorance we are in concerning the Confticution of che inner parts of che Terreitria} Globe ) isco us unknown. . This is certain, chat chofe Archice¢tonick Spirics are vacious
Any
Hew Mee tals are ge~ nerated,
_ according ta che forts of Jewels and Metals, nor are they found in al pacts of the Earth,
buc in fome places only. And fomuch by the by, concerning the Generation (as ie were) of Scones and Metals, Ihave faid in this place to free my {elf from Slan= der. | Now the Sou!s and feveral forts of chings received their Power of multiplying themfelyes — ivhencé from che divine Benedi¢tion ac the firft Creation of the world, when God faid, Let the fowls wave
_ Earth bring forth the Herb feeding Seed, the Fruit Tree bearing Fruit according to its te
kind, wherein os its oven Seed upon the Earth. And Encreafe and “Mujtiply. For God did no¢ only command,as Thomas Eraftus wel writes, de occult. med. propr. cap.1 5. that the things created fhould exift; bur allo chac they fhould {0 propagace themfelves as he had crea~ tedthem. Nor waschat Command of his in vain, but very effeQual.. For when he comman-
tzply them eived
“ ded, he gaveco each a power whereby they were able to accomplith his Command. By vire
tue cheretore of this benedacton, and help of the Seed, Souls are propagated as one Candle is
_ Sighted by another; and where ever they meec wich a fic matcer whereim Chey may fubliftby
themifelves, fuch as is che body of thefeed, they can transfufe chemfelves thereinto, and as Scaliger
ers of
PR FR:
Da Fae
490 NaturalePhilofopbical Difconrfes.
re
rations ; and fo the fame Effence of the Soul which 1s in a tall Walnut Tree isin che Nut and thar Sprout which arifes ftom che Nut,, and afterwards alfo having obtained ficting mat= cer whereby to augment it felf ic performs che fame operations, produces every year new Branches, and ingenders Nuts. And thus out of che firtt Individuals of all four-footed Beafts, creeping things, Birds, Fifhes, Plants, Animals, at firft created, che forts and kinds have been fince continued, and all Beafts, Creeping things, Birds, Fifhes, Plants, have been generated by multiplication of their Souls.
Chap. 7. Arguments tothe contrary Anfwered..
YEARS ETE RNS TAN Om
Nd although this is a plain cafe, fo chat a Mind not prepoffeffed with Opinions may ea-
% fily perce've the truth : yet as commonly happens in this darkrefs of humane Minds, fome are of another Mind, whofe Opinions and Arguments to the contrary come now to be examined.
The firft chine which hach troubled many fo as they could noc fee che truth, is, thar nei thet in ‘he feeds of Plants, nor in Eggs, nor in an imperfect Concepuon, chole operations are
rhe Soulis to be feen which ate performed by perfect Plantsand Animals. Butthey chemtelves are noc
twe waies onovant chat che firft and tecond act do differ, nordoesan Argument hold from denial of
ta the Body fo tecond att roa denial of che ficfta@. For che Effence of che Soul is in the Seed by. the ficft aét, nor can it be proved by any reafon that ie thould after ward receive the fame from elfewhere: only the fecond act is wanting to the Seed fince it wants only exprefs Inftrumencs neceflary co perform its operations, which neverthelefs it hath a power to prepare. And fo the Seed wants only chat perfection which belongs to the Body and the ftructure of its parts, buc not that which belongs unto the Soul. Nor can We argue in petfect Plants from the ne- gation of the fecond act, to the negation of the firft, as may be feen in Frees and other Plants which laft all che Winter, in which chece isno manifeft operation : and yet the Soul is really prefent in Chem,
Again, Thofe adtions which proceed from the Soul are cwofold, Organical or Second, which are performed in a perfect Body, and Prime or Inorganica], viz, che Vegetation of the Seed, the Formation of the Body, with its nutrition and augmentation. For as foon as che Body begins co be formed, it begins co be mourifhed. And alchough the Seed in the Corn-lofe be not nourifhed, yet ic hath a Vegetative and Nutritive faculty: aftercthe fame
manner at Plancs pluckt up are likewife notnourithed, yet are really animated, and being «
tran{planced into another foil they are again nourifhed. The force Anotherthing which troubles Galen, 1s, chat the Vegetative faculty being void of Wildom of Nature, and reafon feems unable to perform fo wonderful a Work, wherein the areaceft Arc and wif= rahi it ‘dom appears, and which cannot be done but by amoft wile and powerful Accift. But noman . wil wonder ac chis who knows that the Soulis che Principle and immedsace caufe of chefe operations, buc yet chat it hath noc irs power from it felf, but hath received the fame from the moft wife and powerful Creator; whence alio Scaliger Exercitat. 188. &' 359. fed. 11.de- fines Nature co be che ordinary power of God, and in Theopbrajt. de Caufss Plant. cape x. the power of God in the {econd caufes, to which him(elf hach pretcribed cercatn cules to act What Nas by. For as Thomas Eraftus writes, de occult.imed. propriet. cap. 15, Nature is nothing buc
twreiss that {ame command ot God by which all chings ate what they are, and petform thac which they arecommanded. For God didnot only command them to exsft, but alforo propagate themtelvesas they were created by him, And whatreafon hath Galen to admire that fo’ wonderful chings are doné by che formative Faculey, fince he mighc have obferved things as firanpe in che Efecientsthemfelves? The Elements are moved in a ftraighe perpendicular Line, upwards and downwards, although they know not what a perpendicular Line is, be , caule God tiath commanded them fo todo, whether “A thicd ching which hath moved many is this That they conceive nothing can be the fub- ee: je& of the Soul buc an Organical Body, [being moved thereeo by Ariftotle’s definition, bat in an ¥00 Gefines che foul tobe che act of an Organical body. Buc Ariftotle did notdefine che foul }
erganical firaply confidered in its Effence, but in order and reipect co the Body. ‘Which neverchelets, |
fince tc finds not, bus forms and fhapesitfor it felf, i¢ muft needs ac fistt be in an Ee Body. ] }
Body.
criti dies | an 0: anorhe Hand nc cherefc ate {uc Sorcha 1 bone,b A yrhiche semains And the foes th diigo pera theng opera | fimph § outo the fg | cherefo politio 8 loinm B® ccm fer} BA wha 9 pelenrly inthe ff B Fixisy ® cheep} Nor it lan the f 8 form bay they “yal, BF" petiocry F eben), Ut doy BR bey ete im the Otay f ODeration
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_—— FEE LE RE DPE EE BAY Le AU EN IO re era eer RR Chap. 7. Arguments tothe contrary Anfwered. 4Qu Body. |} But chat an_organical Body is not neceffary co receive the-Soul into, ma- ny things do fhew. Forinchefirft place, fince co an Organica] conftitution is required a certain Quantity, Number, Figure and f{ciruation of pares; all. thefe things are not neceffary for the reception of Forms. “For Forins:( fuch as fouls are.) ba- ving of chemfelves no quantity, are received into macter without Quancity or Figure. And this we fee manifeftly in Plants, in which che Quantity and Figure are yarioufly changed the fame foul remaining. For the Quanticy and Form ofa Branch {pringing up froma Seed is one, and of che fame grown coatali Cree, another. The ftalks ofmany die in che Winter, the Root remaining alive, and inittheSoul. Again, the figure of bodiesis an Effect of the Formsand Souls. And therefore it is not a previous dif poficion forepoinp them. © For. The Form the Form it felf is chac which determines che Quantity. of 1s own body, and each deteswmines Soul brings ina determinate Figure intoits own Body, and preferves che fame in Nu= *#e Quan- trition and Augmencacion; hence there are fo many figures and magnitudes of living bo- Fa egy dies as there are differences of fouls, and a Rofe hach one magnitude and figuce, ra an Qak another, a Fir Tree another; a Partrich hath one, an Hen another, a Peacock anothers Thirdly, che Soul is of ie {elf and primarily in che parrs as they are fimilar, The Soné and nor as chey ace organica]. \Bucthe fimilar parts as fuch have no certain figure: and * i the therefore che foul is not in themas they have a certain figure, or quantity, but only as they pars as | are {uch fimilar parts... And it is in the organical parts, only as chey confift of fimilar PALS anlar Z So thas che Soul'is noc in che Bone, as it isa Tooth, aShank, an Arm-bone, or an Ankle= =: bone, bur only asit isa Bone, and i¢ is equally in all Bones, And cherefore in fraétures in which che Bones have many cimes anocher figure than naturally they. fhould. have the Soul remains neverchelefs, and is as much ina great Callesas ic was before in the found Bone, And therefore in Nutrition ic isbrought into the aliment which hath no. figure 5 and it (uf- fices that ic hath chis or thatcemperament and fimilary Confticucion. And fo the organica] difpofition 1s not neceflary for che firft a&, but only forthe fecond att, or to perform the operationss Nor isthe body as it is organical fimply the adequate {ubject of the Souls bue _then only an organical body when the body 1snow perfect, and ought co operate, and by its operationsto preferve ic felf alive, . And the Organs are required for operation and not to: fimple being ;- and then only are neceffary tobeing when the being cannot be preferved with= out operations; which happens when the Body is.already brought toa pertect ftate.’ But the figure and organization (as fome {peak ) is after che Soul and not before i¢5. and therefore it is noc a difpoficion neceffary ro the reception of the Soul. Moreover the dif= pofitions to the form are immutable: but che figure and organization in living things are notimmutable. Both is apparent in Animals and Plants. The forcieth day is she longeft term fer by chofe chac hold che Soul is infufed.But then the parteare only rudely delineated. And what fhal be faid of bruits whofe Souls none hold co be infufed ? Isnoc che Sou] there} prefently on che firft daies of the Conception? And thishappens much more in Plants. For an the firft daies when Plants begin to fhoot and {prout out of their feeds the thape of the Plant is yet forude chat ic canoe be known, ( fave by moft skilful Herbarifts ) co be chig or chat Plane, which afterwards in procefs of time is many waies changed. Nor is chat of any moment which S anttacrugius objects here; {ince Souls are more noble than che forms of Elements and Bodies fimply mixed, they require alfoa noble configuration and formation, and by how much living things are mote noble, by fo much che more noble body chey require, and hence the fo many fundry figures of Plants and Animals have their origina]. True ic is indeed, chat.a)] living things by reafon of che divers operations they are ta perform do require divers organs ; and cherefore Plants have one manner of fhape, Ani= mals another, and every fort is differently figured according co che nobility of the forms. But ic does not from chence follow, chat thofe figures are required for che fabrick of she or= gals, before the introduction of the Soul, and chat they area difpofition neceffarily forego ang the Introduction of che Soul 5. becaufe (as hath been faid ) thac fame formation of alf the Organs is noc neceffary co fimple being, but only for the betcer being and performance of Operations. And if chofe chat contend fo eagerly chat the body muft be organized before the foul can come into it did buc obferve {uch things as dayly happen in Nature they would chiuk farocherwife. Fortunius Licetus the moft renowned profeflor ac Padua’ hath caughe tufficiencly, de pont. Vivent. Ortw, that che foul may remain f{afe and fure ina matter far more vile and ighoble chan any feed can be thought robe, although ic be defticuce
_ of fuch things as are requifite to its fecond A&t ;, which ac laft having attained a ficcing matter does rouze it felt up and becomesa Plant or Animal. Of which I tha) {peak hereafter in my’
Difcourfe of the fpontaneous original of living things. Fifdly,
Het 1) ae whether the feed acts #pon " it felf?
Agent in tke feed.
Two parts in the feed.
Si TNL gene eer,
— ee
ee ee ee
492 " Natural-Philofopbical Difcourfes.. Boox AV.
Fiftly, Some doalfoufe chis Argument, which is alfo the fift Argument’of Thomas Fie- nus, qucft. 6.'de format. foetus, which Alpbonzus a Caranga, a Spanifh Lawyer; dees fo highly efteem, in trad. de parte naturali d legitimo, cap. 1. pag. 44. that be cals it a fine gular and irréprehenfible Argument, and which quite overchrows the contrary Opinion, and thetefore he chinks fic to fec is down word for word; whofe words I wil alfo cranfcribe in= tire, that che Reader may fee whether che force of chis Argument bz fo preat as Caranga imagines. Nowchusfaies@uenus. It inthe feed there were an active Principle of Confor- mation or Generation(as orhers confound them) the feed fhould act upon it felf; but notching acts upon ic felt, as Ariftotle reaches, 1. de Generat. do Corrupt. cap.7+ Ergo. Becaufle if any ching fhould.act upon 1 felf, the fame thing fhould be Agent and:Patienr, in act and power in re{pect of chefames whichis impoffible. Secondly, becaufe it would bedeftru- cive co it felf, efpecially che feed: becaufe chat action thereof fhould tend of it felf co its de- ftruction. Foric would cend:to the Generation of a living thing, which cannot be done without the deftcuction of the feed. Scotus in 2. fentent. diftint. 18. in fine, after he had {aid chat che feeds noc che active principle of the laft form, viz. the rational fou], he enqu'res whether it can be che previous alteracive Principle of an:‘Organical body which is generated 5 and he concludes chac it cannot, and brings chis reafon among others 5 becaufe ({aies he) this abfurdity would follow, thac fomwhac fhould act upon ic felf : which argument he counted fo ftrong, that he faid, co find che pririciple of Conformation we mutt be forced co fly co the Action of God, and of the Heavens. To an{wer chis argument: it is commonly {aid thar in the feed there are two divers fubftances; che one chin and {fpirituous, cheother gcofs and terceftrial. ‘hatin the former refides che Activity, and the latter is che matter and paflive principle 5 and chac the active vertue out of the {pirituous part does aét upon the thicker part of che feed as upon matter 5 and thac for this reafon one and che fame thing does noc act upon ic felf, buc ona differenc fubje& ; nor that one and the fame thing bach the norton of anactive and paflive principle in ref pect of one and che fame thing, but only in refpect of diversthings; whichis not abfurd. That chac fame active principle or vertue does refide inthe feed, Ariffotle ceaches in 2. de Generat. cap. 3. inthefe words: There is
inthe feed that which makes tt to be fruitful, viz. That which is called Heat; and that
not fire, nor any fuch faculty, but afpirit which is containedin the froathy body of the feed, and that nature which is in the feed baving affinity with tbe Element of the Stars. Tho= mas Aquinas teaches the felf {ame thing, 1. Parte, quaft. 118. art. 4, inthefe words: And therefore there is no need that that {ame aftive faculty fhould bave any organ in att, bua that it be founded in the {pirit tt felf inclofedin the feed, which is froathy, as the whitenefs thereof fhews. And the very fame he fates, 2.contra gentes, cap. 89. abd in fome other places. But this Anfwer is noc worctha buccon, and invery truth, is no other thana meer evafion invented to fhun che force of the argument. Becaufe ic is not crue chat fuch a ver~ cue cefides in che {picic of chefeed, Which is proved firft, becaufe the fpirit which is in che feed is eicher an eflencial pact thereof, oricisnot, If ic be, ic wil follow chat one effential parc of a being is deftructive co che other effencial pact of the faid being. © This cannot be, ficft becau(e infinice chings are found in the World confifting of divers and hecerogenea} parts, in which neverthelefs we never find that the one deftroyes the other. For if one were ordained co deftroy the ocher, 1¢ would follow chacic were ordained for che deftruction of
the whol, and confequently of it felf. For one effencial part of a thing being deftroyed the —
whol ching is deftroyed. Buc the contrary is true; becaufe che effencial parts of one Being arenot made co fight one againft another, or to deftroy one another, -buc chat chey may be friendly united, and by their friendly union beable co {uftain che form ; and che form again is ordained co’hold thofe parts united, and to govern chem, that they may noc part afunder, normutually deftroy each ocher. For ific were not fo, the form could never perfift and abide in chings hererogeneal, nonos che {malleft time imaginable. Add hereunto, that all
a€hon proceeds from a cotal being, and a perfect being; buc che effential parts of one being are noc che whol being, nor a perfect being 5 and cunfequencly they act not by themfelves.
So far Fienus. «
Thefoxt Buc this Argument is not fo ftrong as Caranga do:himagine. Forin the ficft place we % the fr muttknow, chat to {peak properly the feed is noc che caufe of Conformation, buc che foul in
the feed. And lo when a living body 1s formed out of feed, ‘che fame thing does not act up- omit felf. For there are inthe feed cwo parts; the foul and the body of the feed. Now che ficft Agencis che foul, which does not ac upon it felf, but upon the fubject matter, viz. the body of che feed, and alfo upon the Mothers blood, which in Animals ic draws co form che yong one, and in Plants upon chat Aliment which is draws out of che Earth. And al-
| though
CI thot cott Ani {ed as it! fag fon 0 Plant by ct dilee fute,! prols pall confo And (, en {pict ion noadt
f Spit
Fift berwix the late
B Effence F cheicor I blood Blew
pagut to Na Gaul
| forme
ved wigl
B foneof
talfacy
B Ovadod chaed
Low ehis (ings are aud Naty Mog eice,
sly
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Bit, og
Dek tay 4 icra Boule
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pOUnd)
\3 Wely he 2 Mp te Ge
ceige fy my Iyer W,
V,
i Bien hes {9 Cafige Mn, and ibe Ihe ati OI) Op. thing etaule att and dethy. dts dee
i done behad gu ts rated; 88 he) ment he otoed to monly heother eater fi yponthe ie thing np bath ‘only tn b verte Therew and that the fed, ‘ Tet ds: And
fis a
VALS P
pine | ne other: na mect ch avets nisin che effenial § annot De ecogenell ac | tion of BE
rove he if one Be ey may be l ' on ag rales cit ad , that il ie one belt pele
By
| fhould be already effaatially a Plan.
eae Be 4
Chap. 7. Arguments tothe contrary Anfwered. 493
chough-when a Plane or Animal is generated the feed ceafes tobe: yet that Generation is no corruption but perfection, and thac body which is called Seed whiles it turns coa Plant. or Animal it is brought into a more noble ftate and perfected; nor (as Ful. Caf. Scaliger {peaks, Hxercitat, 268.) isthe Seed otherwife faid to be corrupted chan that it ceafesto be as it was before, viz. inapticude, and becomes as tt was not, viz. ina@. Now it is the fame matter with che fame formal Principle, co which nothing elfe is added than the expref- fion of the Organs which were before confufed. And thus while of the Seed is madea Plant or Animal, che Body of the Seed does not transfer it {elf into another condition, but by che Sou! lying hid cherein i¢ is chereco advanced. Nor (as Fienus thinks) wilhe chat thal diligently weigh alchefe chings ufe chat anfwer which Pienws brings and endeavors tore- fuce, that there are cwo divers fubftances in the Seed, che one thin and {pirituous, the other grofsand earthy 3 and inthe former reiides the active vercue, the latter being the matter and paflive principle. Sucha {pirtc chere is indeed in Seed, but it is not the primary caufe of conformation,bur the Inftrumental ; but the Soul which ules chat {piric is che primary caufe. And whereas he dares: deny chat there is afpiric in the feed, I can {carce fufficiently admire it, and. che reafons whereby he would prove it are very fleight. _ For in the firft placethat {piri which is in che feed as an Effencial pace tends nor co the deftruction bucto che perfe- ction thereof, Alfoat is falfe chat every action proceeds fromatotal being, For is chere no action of the foulupon the body which ic informs? And whereas he denies chere isa {pirte in che feeds of other living things, we fhalrefute chat hereafter.
Fiftly, This alfo offends fome chat they fuppofe that chus the diftinction is taken away whether betwixt the internal and excernal Gaufes: of which the former are the matter and form, the Effici- the laccec the Efficient and Rad: and chey aver chat no Efficient Caufe doés ever go into the we Effence ofthe Effect, and chat Animals in Generation do nos produce feed either out of anal rheir own matter, or out of their own form; but char the feed-is penerated of the mixcure of 2 blood and {pirit in the ftones, and that aman does nor generate by communication of his Effence, but by his formas an Efficient Cafe. But in very deed, chis Doctrine of the pro- pagation of Souls does no waies take away the diftinctionof Caules. For itis knowneven to Novices in Philofopby, that che fame Effence may be both the Form and the Efficient Caufe, she Form ast informs the Matter, che Efficient as it 13 he caufe of al Operations pere formed in checompouud. The reft are but Beppings of che Queftion, and ate faid, not pro- ved. I like Zabarella’s Opinion better, who writes, defacultat. anime, cap.11. That li- ving things when they generate their lake do confer and beftow fome of their matier, and fome of their form, inafrauch as they confer an animated feed, and endued with the fame V1=.. tal faculty which wasintbe Generator. For although they communicate no pace of their own body, yet they communicate that felf fame matter of which they are nourifhed, buc changed into a more noblefubfance. Bur that which hach brought very many into this Er- ror is this, Becaufe they conceit living things are generated after che fame manner as artificia] The diffes things ace produced by an external Agent... But there isa gceat difference betwixt Artificial rence be- and Natural things. For every: Arcificer communicates nothing of bis own: but living tweet Na- things which beges cheir like canot do the fame unlefs.chty communicate cheit own *”¢ 42, Effence. ah Atte
Sixtly, Neither is that of any moment chat they {uppofe if Generation fhould be made obees by tran{miflion of che foul; that chen the foul.thould pa(s into, another, matter asa new {ub-.the. /oxt ject, or fhowld be of infelfdivifible. Forasin Augmentation, and when of an Acorna tal goes. oxt Oak grows up, the Soul when ir communicates ic félf to.new.matcer does not pais from one % Pins fubject co another, buc remaining ftil che fame communicates it {elfronew matter: fowhen ae “ khe foul communicates it {elf co che {eed itdoes not pals from one fubject to another, butres maining the fame in che Generator it diffufesat felfintothefeed.. Nor is ic therefore of it felfdivifible. For as when a root or branch is pluckt froma Plane, of which (being {ec inthe The foul gcound) a new Plant arifés, che foul of the former Plane isnot diminifhed, but remains ens #5 #0¢ diz titely the fame: foalfo whena foul is Communicated by the Generator co che feed, the foul of the Generaror is nor made leffer, buc remainsthe fame it was. _ Nor is there here any dif-
ference becwixc the Roor and the branch pluckt fromthe Plancand the Seed. For there are
feveral waies of propagating Plants. And.chat the roor and branch is animated, buc nor che
(ced, is only faid, but not proved. For though the Seed be not a parc as the root and branch
is 5 yet it 45.che fruit of che Plant which is animated as much, asthe paxtaate, yea, and con=
tains che foul after a more excellent manner. |
Seventhly, Many do alfo object thisy That if che feed. of che Plant were animated ic But if Ss were cffentially a Plait when is grows aus oO
| hi uh ‘\ wag i! (ob ih | ii 1 ( | | , fe HN
URS I,
SPL
Natural-Philofopbical Difcourfes. Boox IV.
494
whether of che ground, there would be no Generation of a Planc, and fo in the Tree and chat Herb the feed be i which the Seed was produced chere fhould bea generation, and a Tree or Herb fhould be a Plant generated in a Tree or Herb, and not in the Earth; which is abfurd. But che whol argu- ment is granted in its fenfe, and thac which 1s counced abfurd is no waies abfurd indeed, pro-
what vided it be rightly explained. Fortruly the generation ef the feed ina living thing does not things avé finifh che Generation ; howbeit the principal and chief work which is neceffary to Genera- Ashu _ gion is the Elaboration of the feminal matter that ic may be a fit fubject wherewith che foul as may be propagated, and the communication of the Soul to che macterfo elaborated. How- beit this alfo afterward belongs to Generation, that che feed which hath received the Soul
from the Generacor may no longer adhere tothe Generator, but may be feparated there-
from, and chat thac which before was but one individual of the fame kind may now become
when Ge- more than ones | Which when it is performed a Tree or Heth istiuly faid co generate, buc eration? noc when the Plane grows up outofehe Earth. And when a Plant fhoots up out of the mee “‘Bacth chat is not its generation, but ic is che bringing of a Plant which is in its imperfea aét coics perfect a&. ‘Nor is it confiderable, as Pienus himfelf writes, quafl. 5. concluf.6. (though he be Otherwife of a contrary Opinion in chis Queftion) what the common People
cal Generation, or whatnot; nor whacagrees with their underftanding, bue what is {uica- blecoright reafon andtotruth, Forthecommon people are ignorant of Philofophy, and
know not when or where che true production ofa Plane is made, and its Effencial Genera-
tion; andknow not howto diftinguifh becwixe the firft and che fecond a@3 betwixt chat
which is imperfect and that whichis perfect, and therefore takes one for another, and con-
ceits thaca Plant isthen generated when it is perfected and operates, and when ic brings
forth roots and Leaves, whofe production is not the very Generation of the Plant, bur che Operation and perfection thereof being already generated. And Ariftotle himfelf calls the
How many feed and that out of which ie is bred, Synonyma’s; We muft therefore diftinguifh betwixt waits the 6 Encicive and Formal A@, and chat which is fimply Formal, and refpectively. Fort oie * chen isthe Form {aid co be prefenc ina perfect act when ic hath al its Organs neceffary to ( perform its actions, but not when it isina part, or inthe matter of the feed, and that not yet fitced with alissOrgans. Kor otherwife che branch of a Fir-tree (in which 1¢ cannot be
denied thac che foul is) fhould be called a Fir-tree 5 and the Foot of a Man fhould be called
aMan. And therefore we cannot argue from the prefence of the Form to the denomination
of the thing formed, butthen aching 1s rightly faid to be an Animal or other living body
when che foal isin its {ubject rightly difpofed, or can perform the Operations belonging to
ats kind.
_ whether Bightly, Out of which their Objection may eafily be anfwered,who fay, If che feed were bbe feed be actually animated, the feed of a Poppy werea Poppy, and che feed of a Dog would be a Anan Dog. For the fores of Natural things are not: denominated from the Effence which the Form gives, but from chat Conftitution whereby they are fenfible {pecies of the World. And therefore though in refpect of the Form the Effence of a Dog and of the feed of a Dog
is one and che fame; yet fince che Conftitution of the feed and the Dog differ in refpect of
che Corporeal and fenfible parts, the feed is not called a Dog, but the feedofa Dog. After che fame manner though thete be one and che fame Soul in the Butcer-fly and the Silk-worm, yet che Silkworm is not called a Bautter-fly call it hath wings and can
ie.
whether WNinthly, They fay, if che feed were animated itfhould live, if ic lived ic would grow, the feed d for every living thing isnourifhed as long as it lives, as Ariftotle ceftifies de Refpirat. cap. dives? alg. But becaufe feeds lying in Corn-lofts and granaties, or fhuc up in Chefts and Boxes are not nourifhed, cherefore chey do not live, and confequently they have no foul in them:
ne a But lifeis caken twomanner of waies, either for che firft act, or the effence 1¢ felf of living things, or for che fecond act oroperation. Seeds live by che firftact, but not neceflarily by the fecond act, nordo they neceflarily perform the actions of living things. And chat place
of Ariftotleis only co be underftood of living things perfectly formed. Buc in the mean
while che foul in the feed is not quite idle, butit keeps the feed alive, and therefore feeds are fo lone fruitful aschey recain the foul in chem : ‘bue after hey have loft che foul they become dead and unfruitful,: Nor are rhe Operations of the Soul confined to nutrition only, but there arealfo other Operations thereof, as Conformation. “Yer as {oon as any Conforma- tion is made, and as foon as the feed hath attained a fit place and matcer, che fou) prefently draws nourifhmenc for the formation and nutrition of its body.
And thus I conceive it is proved in general, That che foul isin the feed, and that ic isthe |
Gaute of the Conformation of the Body animate, and Econceive al Objections are fully an- ee {wereds
== sy L = a cD
cenfit Front A jamak étion 0 mated, Jofophy ough q ina Wo! Butt makes. net peru) cheleed a tauly! | Hane, Bev fruit
he) $ fo nF B Phan | alHerr,
ty ithe eed, Cin,Pa Maly neicome, Which Lf Cratures Plants @ lutthe
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yaa”
ig bur the | calls the
amotbe | be called } mination | ing booy | onging (2 |
leedwere | uld bea | hich the | Worlds $i ofaDoe Ff efpedt of ‘ yy Alice y and the Fi 5 and cin
uld grow, wrh Cope and boxes inches f of ing H flatly by i chat ple the mean ‘| e eed at sey becom en bi Conform F pi
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Swered. Howbeis fome when they can hardly object any folid réafon apainft our Opinion do fly co the Authority of Ariftotle, but mits utiderftood, and they fay chac 4riftotle writes shat the feed is pocentially animated, and chat therefore there ignmot actually any foul in the feed. Butchere che moft renowned Cafparis Hofimannus rightly an{wers, trad. de origine
formarum, that Aviftotle does fo often arcribute an attrothe feed, thatitis the part of a p man very udskilful co urpe only thofe places wherein he fates 1¢ is an aptitude. Howbeits animated?
more Reafons fhal be produced in the toNownig Chapters, wherein we thal creac parcicular= ly of che generation of living chings, viz. Plants and Animals : and what hach hitherto been alleadged fhal be explained and confirmed, and fuch objections as may yet be made fhal be anfwered. Bae See alfo of chis Subject the lacely commended Doctor Cafpar Hofmannus, who in trat. de form. origin. joyned to bis Books‘of the Generation of Man,’ proves che fame Opinion by moft firm reafons, and folidly teftires the conrrary Opinion of Bonamicys, the Conimbri- enfian Collegiates, Peter FP onféca; Franc? Suarez, Ant. Ruvio, Benedittus Pererins, Erancifeus Vicomercains,Fredericus Pendafius. And ingood deed the judgment which hea makes of che Conimbricenfian Collegiates is moft cue of a] thofe who defend the Edu- ction of the Soul ouc, of the apricude of che matter, and deny that feeds are actually anie mated. Notte fay (qudth hey ehac chey mix matiy things not belonging to Natural Phi- lofophy, they invent diftin@tions litcle lefs than foolifh, they put conditions where they ought not co be, thegreaceft difficulciesthey touch not fo muchas with their little finger : ina word, they intangle and obfcure, but donot explain the Queftion.
Bue the Soul frequently ufesthe Spiric (in its fhaping che Body) which isin the feed, and eae J
rath SANs oe : i a {pivee nerat. cap. 3» Andas long as that {pirit 1s in the Seeds, fo long the foul is as ic were inits pro= when is per fubject ; bucas foon as chat {piric vanifhes, che Soul can abide no longer in the feed, and Jrepes ‘the the feed becomes unfruicful. Which fpicie Ladmire chat Prenes could nor ditcern. Cer. 2049-
makes eco be fruietul, and refembles the Element of the Scars, as Ariffotle tels us, 2. de ge~ tainly if he had feen a {pirie drawn by Chymical diff:ilacion out of dry feeds' which wil cake
- He indeed objettsin Apolog, Adverfus Santhactuzium,.pag.g9., ltthere- are €quoth he ) Spirits in Plants, inwhac placeare chey generated? Por there ought, as ii Animals, {o in Plants fome place he afligned, in whichthey fpring, and ftom which chey- flow into che. Plant. . Again, hie fates; chere igno a@tual Hear, ‘Butin Plants there feems tobe no actu- alHear. Forif there were it would be perceived {ome way or other. Fora tangible qua- lity is che proper object of thefenfe of feeling. “Thetefore where it istt muft needs be per- ceived. Howcomes it therefore chat ina great heap of Herbs, anda great heap of Seeds, Corn, Pulfe, berets not at leaft {ome fma] heat perceived? Thirdly, heat and cold are contrary qualities, and mutually deftroy one another, and the'greater and more intenfe does overcome and corrupe theteffer; how can it therefore be chac thie heat in fo many Piancs which laft all. the Winter, fiould not be extinguifhed. For ‘the Heat of infinite living Creatures being much greater, is extinguifhed by che W incer cold, and why fhould not chae of Plants be extinguifhed if cliey have any ? |
But thefe are coiés unworchy fofamousaman. For, firft there needs no place nor cavity in Plants for chis {pirit co breed in as there isia Animals: for aschey have not any ching an- {wering to the {tomach.or Liver of Animals, whecein their nucrimenc is bred, buc thac nu- tritive power is{pred through thei whol body : even fo chat {pirit is bred in the whol body of the Pianr, Andif any man fhalhold, thacinthe root or trunk rather, as che nutciment fo the {piri alfo is chiefly elaborated, he wil hold nothing tharisabfurd. And chat chere is fucha part in Plants that are tender is manifeft, asin che Colewort andmany more. For although che cdld and froft do fo hurt the Leaves chat they die: yec if chat parc-which is in the middle, which the Germans ca} the Heart, remain fafe andfound, the Planececolleéts ic feifand grows again. But if that pare be alfo burt che whol Plant dies. , For alchough (as Fienus objetts) branches cit fromthe Tree do prow; yet chac makes not againft our Aiffer- tion. For asthofe fouls accordingto the divifion oftheir fubject, are in ome fore divifible fo alfo che {pirits are which make the proper fubject of che Soul.
Secondly, That alfo is of no’ moment which he faies: where there isno Heat, there is’ no Spirits and where Heac is it muft needs be felc. Is'there noc I pray you Heae in| the Spiric of Wine? and is ic actually felc? Is there noc firein allimixt bodies? andyec ace they alactually hot? bynomeans, For as Zabarella rightly reaches, Lib, 2, de mift. gene-
O 2° ee rat.
Arguments the contrary An ered, 49 ,
rise =: . there be a flame, he would not have written, de format, mat. queft. 6. whac {piritaous fubftance fir
cap. there be in the feeds of Plants, kept a Tong time tn a’Box, and dry, buc yee the (reds fruitful ? an. of Plants,
mi yi nei, | j | hil q
4) Tah i am) }) By Wei! ae rh Ve Fan i hi bia id
Blow ma-
Natural-Philofophical Difcourjes. Boog IV.
rat. @ Interit. the Qualities in mix bodies are afcer a fore hidden by the temperingof contraries,i{o that neither of them can be diftinétly difcerned. force if ic be noc fele in one Planc, ic oughcto be felcin agreac Heap of Plants. For the Nacure and proportion of m‘xcure is one and the fame ina great Heap of Plantsas at is ip one Plant. But hath Fienzs never {een what an Heat is raifed when fuch an heap of Plants comes to putrifie, or when an heap of Corn beginstofprout? Certainly in Granaries even
in the caldeft cime of Winter, heaps of Corn which have Jain long unftirred do conceive no {mal Heat, which aman may feel with his Hand. Yea andthe Cornic felf if it tie fonp’
unfticred does {prourt. }
Thirdly, That chis fame Spirit and Heat in fome Plants (for all.do not outlaft the Winters cold) is extinguithed, comes from che nature of mixture. For chere is a feveral mixture in fevera] Animals and in feveral Plants. . Geefe.go bare- foot in the cold Ice
which men cannor do.
does CONCULs
Chap. 8. Of the Generation and Propagation of Plants.
4 Nd fomuch may fuffice to be faid of the Original of Souls inGeneral: andut hath WK been tufficiently declared char all living things do muluply chemfelves, by their feeds, and thar in che ieed ische Soul which is is transfufed from the Generator into the thing gene* rated. Forche cleerer manifeftacion whereof I chink it beft ro declare the {ame particularly with reference co che feveral kinds of live chings. Now chere are cwo kinds of live things,
ay kinds of Plants and Animals,or living creatures: which bave alfo a different way of propagation. For dive shings there is in {ome living Creacures fexes, in othersnor. In fuchashaveno {exes one feed is fuf=
The feed of Plants
ficient, which isa body fo elaboraceand difpofed by the Generator, chat when it is perfect ic may be feperaced from the Generaror, fub{ift intire by i felf, and with ic the foul of che Generator may be transferred into the ching generated. And chena Tree ingenders as ( Sca= liger {aies, Exercit. 6. fett. 10.) when it produces feed.. Andchat thisfeed is animated, appears from che reafons propounded in the foregoing Chapters anmdit is fo manifeft, that
is anima 2P
ted.
Fob. Gallego de la ferna a Spaniard, was forced co grant chat the feeds of Plants were anima= ted, de Princip.Generat. Lib.2.cap.6. (although he denies that che feeds of Animals are ani= mated ) and writes chat chis opinion is fofounded upon the moft firm reafons of Philofo- phy, that chey being underftood no true Philofopher can deny thefame. Andthe reafons
"are indeed moft {trong whereby ic is proved that che feed of Plants is animated. Forin the
bbe won-
derful Ge- vation of Planis.
firft place fince when che feed wasin the Planes it was animated as being a part of che Plant, furely when ic is feparated ic muft be animated 5 _fince no caufe can be afligned which drove out che foul, nox can feparation alone do that, for even in the feparated feed alfo the actions of a foul appear, and cherefore as Branches, Roots, Buds, Bulbs, by avulfion donot lofe cheir foul, but grow.and flourith ; ic is alfo fo ordered chat the feed being feparated from the Ge- nerator can fub{ift incire and frefh, although fome feed a longer, other {ome a fhorter while, which other parts pluckc from Plants do notcommonly do, but prefently die. Moreover as {oon as by che Heat of che Sun, yea and of che Fire in che Winter time, it is but warmed in a ftove, and finds fic matter, or-buca liccle, Waterif ic be moiftened therewith as.is feen in the making of Malr, ic beginsco difplay it felf, and firft chrufts outa Root, by which after- wards it-draws nourifhment, and forms che body of a Plantlike that ic came from: which formation of the bodies of Plants is no Jefs wonderful chan the Generation of Animals. Fox fo x actcaéts matter fic for every. part, Roots, Flowers, Fruits, and givesall parts their
metrician or,Painter can imicate its workmanfhip. Moreover, fince we feethat Plants not only by cheic Roots, but alfo by a fmal Branch of a Willow, a bit of an Hop or Acorns Root cut off do growap into alike Planr,the Soul being pluckt away wich the part ; and ic is ma- nifeft that cf a branch of a, Willow or a Vine, or of another Tree, alchough init there is no Root, norall che parts ofa Plan:, yeaofa Leafe only of an Indian Fig-cree an whol entire Plane is formed 3 and.no other caufe can be affigned of the formation of thisaew Plant ‘chap che foul pluckc away from the former Plant witha partchereof: why fhould we not con- clude chat.a Plant is formed of che feed afrer the fame manner? Nor is it credible chat a} the o-
ther productions of Plants are made by che communicatioa of the foul from the former Plant . and
Nor isthac objection ofany
, Rofemary is bure wich a {mal cold, but fois not che Fir-tree. But’ Leafily agree with Puenus thatfome hidden Quality of kin to che Elernenc of che Scars’
Ch
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Magnitude,, Figure, Scituation, Colour, ina certain meafured proportion, that no Geo~ Vary
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it bath it feeds, genes nculily thing, Of, Ff OL disuts perfect
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eats
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he actions Jofe ches
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Cha Bie saan caagein ocelot og elena Generation and Propagation of Plants 4 PALe Gye een et Lae bo = IANS ge eee @ , hea A Sreesctincinn heh be performed without the prefence of the foul in th Brich they'do 40 fro y 4 s that as when Roots, Bulbs, Branches, B Sate os the had. they perfect iasitel ua Serta their foul, but hae withthe foul es te acti ie
b pe “onde ves by producing neceff. ich they actual] ner alfoicisinfeed. Na te ary partsand organs : chat’ ? fl gs ° y we have more reafon to thi gans- thatan the farre man= caufe it is generated by che Plant cothis very Intenr, pli nim ai “% feed, be~ per e€ difpofie
ches ; fince che wonderful arcifice of Natureis a :
one m ; : pparene 1 op re Neunes aun h ft this does nor declare ‘ie aeuaite riser There is indeed chienate ee ia pet in : rowing whatever grows on the Plant isa uls propagation, for dyinbe sie prof es fame foul chat che whol hath: burthe fone of 108 body, and fince it is not se deste eae Loglanere ic cannot be denied that thd “ted oa fam a abide upon the Pla eed of a Plane fe ay feo hn Fr of iF J Jane is lives by th 5 of the Plant : ic may be ) y the common foul of t ; z Ly ies peat ae eee ol rn eon ted with, yea and i iba ee roan be cermed the fruit. Whichis Pi nerseirit a may b more noble Manner than the parts, vize 1 y anima= stra ay ep Cee "Sew
iHrufe into new a xe : Pas In che Mean fer: {oalfo when che foul is matter it becomes neither gre wiified theteby: propagaced withthe Seed 5 the foul of the Pirie satin
For here itistcobenoted, Thact : : ; there ies y aehich being edt at there is not oné and the fame m 3 monp the reft , y be cleared which h pation it Sandy pche reft alfo Francifcus Vallefius, de facra Pbilofoph, ee ake eats iy se mann of vat nou ¢ propas
gation of Plants.
exue which we find written in G
fhould bri 7 enefis 1. verfe rr. that God ay'the Pe ete ica vena ai FSpyten themfelves Bcctaidilig “e ‘hall kinds ates ture in P : : ants befides, do be 3 when sit iid lp i aa oe ae fame, nor does it ccnving baleen bao the feminal nae Poe ash GAS iGiat ee lone ; but in others che feminal Vertue is safes and Cods only 5 Poppy is propagated only iy i ai iaeaties cram ibn fad pehietcyear rake suce andvery many more. Rof snot by itsroor, ftalk, or leaf. And foiti ples fake, Deni crees andA e Rofemary ts propagaced both by { o itis wich Let-
pple-crees; che Hop by 1 by feed and branch, and f gad moft bu:!bed Planis b p by ics root; the Indian Fig- ee Aenea id ts ed Plants by root and feed both 3 fuch ig-tree by its leaf ; Onio
propagated by their branches, as the V 3 {uch as bear buds, goflings ‘ . mal vercue in che tears or li “e sthe Vine, Willow, and others. Alf gs, or palms, are hivtedranet : ofome have their femi- gable» {o'for the:mulc quor w psfromthem. For as ch psp : plication of chemfelves th the fouls are more or Jefs Be aAso iene their feminal vertue. And salrace'dccszion piiiae lefs noble matter @ion about pres an settee my re areplopageted sly oy doing ap ae nn Bit As iste of Waceks atid Yea, che feminal maccer of Plants ea ba vee ae la ) and in Ratas, as Theopbrajtus,. Lib. y be transferred in ges, how by reafon of a certain thick Roe of ee tat this wah bins 5. re= up in Apturea,
minal rather lies hid than is - Bekrtehicli (ors not, as fhalbe faid hereafter wher + See cial py eas reiatbl air ee vba colay with Vallefsn, tbat dt top cy wards grow natural! fk mth ghac che ficft they were not created : h ctide tein have novert y from the Elements of the World. For th Bich 8 Hein eis to the Suns Hear. palates a feed, Nor let any man sd ba ereenemsio je ie ek » For this Formation is not only made when a Plant ie cherifh wh cade
ed by the
Heac of che Sun, b ut by che Heat of che Fi
the Sun co cbt aD the Firealfo. And it belo
sun codcene Gucci, ForNartufe Haran ln, ic
ced, and che fame fi : rwife in al Plancs chac fame : » NOE aS\ marion
ee athe ania js akan He the soa to al; and apn bt - ap Plants ad isfeentohappen, as Fukius Cf sauna other Caused by
: ar Scaliger writes im ‘he 5#te :
Nor
whereas ic hadne ‘ ver grown in that pare of che World before ; and that there a WwW b ‘da great Wood tions of ;
hath grown U
‘ 7 up where there never w
things which er was any before. So that i
gs which are beleeved co {pring our of che Earth of their nie le aio “ of fuch rath and 3 nature fe- by rains,
i ada ta ST fee ei el
a il Ad ie 4 jan! ‘sive hay { iy y i i if) | Na, Cael eine Mt : Ais id Ee Ree 4 1 Wg io J l i (Nara ae oa ee ' AR \ ( ei VaR le a is we te! bi |
OER ARS SF RAGE ER RD
Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
Nor let chat trouble any man in this place which Tomas Pienus alleadges.de format. foes. queft. $4 as alfo was faid:before, that a Plantas produced after onei manner froma Root,-a Branch, or Leaf, and afcer another manner fromthe feed.:. That out of the former a new} Plant isnot producéd, butchey themfelves when cut off from the Plantare new Plants, be= cauife by the cutting fromthe'whol, they have alceady the vegetative foul mulciplied> by. divifion , butthat che concrary happensin feed. or that the feed is not\a ‘new-planc, -be- caufeathathno foul, buc acbecomes a néw Plant by the:fouls coming inco it after :it.is planted inthe arth: Bachere is no diverfity-of propagation 3 forthe Root, the Branch, the, Leaf, is noranentire Plant, and after che fame manner as by rhe cuttting off of thefe from the Planc, thefoul is multiplied by divifion; foalfo by the Generation and emiffion of feed che, foul ismultiplied. And whereas he gramtsche Sou! is in che Root, the Branob, che Leaf, and, denies ix cobe in the Seed, lie does ic wichoutReafon. For fince in it the fame Operations, appear asin'thofe; why fhould.we norgrane che foul tobe as wel inic?, And if.in che Seed) caft intothe ‘Earch there sno Soul, whence: I pray you is 10 afterward» produced therein,: and whence-commuinicated ?:> Alfothat is falfe which he writesy That the Sou} whichdsuy che Branchor the Root planted, i¢ the fame numerically with ehat which:itan che Tree por who} Plant. :lndeed i¢was the fame in number while the zoot: or branch wasvon che Trees buc after a was cuc from the Trees bepani co exift by wofelf ;.and was made different Hn; number from chat inthe Tree. » I wonder alfothat Fienys thould deny the Seed.of Plancs, ro be animated, fince neverchelefs in the Chapter foregoing, quaft. 5. Concluf.6. heexprefly, holds chat the Conformation of rhe Seed anche Earth jis‘not an efflencial Generation, bud only the perfection of a new Plant already conftituced and generated in the Tree. } Bog, there as no other Generation of ‘a Blanc: ini the! Pret, fave whtn feed: is penera- ted. . : iG “"Yhewor- Buticoticestiing che Seedvaf Plants;twoshingearehereito be obferved: che firft is, Thae devfulmel~ char damenultiplication whereby the Soul diffufes ic felfanto che new Plans, 1s moft of. all of Plant manife fio Plants;andialavoft infinice. » Not to {peak of Poppy, Turky Wheat, and very, f°" many othert 3 Bobatco does fo mulciply it felf, ‘thac be who-fictt by numbing, and. then by, weighing» QfOrit were an endle(s labortonumber al thefeeds) wil cake a {cant ling and com- pure the sumber:of thefeeda, :he thal find that of one Seed more than ctheee hundred thou {and feedsdoiprings andaftheproductiof chefe be fownthe third-year, be thal find an emp cneafe of amhundred ¢houfand Mytiads. Camyriad concaining ten thoufands) So power was chat Divine Benedidtion ; -“Encreafé and multiply. i vb aud Moreover, Dhis'alfois tobe noredcouching the feed of Plants, That in chem as in al feeds there are cworparts5 the ane primary and whichis only. worthy of chename of feed 5; and another which fercves only\as acovecing. . The former confifte of rhe Saul, which ts the Au- thor of the life and formation of a P lanrj:and the matter, :of-which che firft rudiments of, che Plane, viz» che Root andthe firft Sprouts are confticuted. Forrhe Seeds of Planes in whag ever place moiftened and chestfhed with bear, even. without the Karch,do firit: pape and thrute our theirroots, andafterwardi cheir firft{proutings: but che body of che pexfeG Plant cane not be entirely formed, unlefsalsment be drawn from the Earth by the firit fmalroots. And foun chefe.shereis noc che fame Agent and Patiegt, bucthe Soulis che Caufe of Formations : Iday the Effiaent and Agent: Gaufe, and the Mateer isthe Patient on which 1 works. Bug ge xchat Which in: Planes as properly the Seed; and hath che foul and matrer out of which the Lhepalp firft Rudiments of the Plants ave framed. is only. chat:pulp.which contains in it che Idea and of the feed: delineation of the whol:Plant, And indeed-the whol pulp ofthe Seedisnot animated, bus only chat:part thereof which is commonly called Corculun. Which pate if it be corruptedy the feed wilnot grow. “And therefore che Pifmiresare teported to gnaw that part of the feed “hat whenitis by them boorded:up-itmay not fprour. Contrariwife, alchough che reft of the Body be-gnawn by worms,yet it grows, provided the Heart be fafe, as we fee in Beans and Peafe, and: isin place of Nutrimenc as it were for the cender Plane which is immediately produced of the feed-moft properlyfo called, as iseafieco fee in French Beans, which being fev in the ground, when they-begin to fhoot one part goesdownwards and makes a root, she other goes upward and makes chereft of the Body of che Planc.: On ane fide of this tender Plant lies che reft of the body of theteed, out ofiwhich a channel or pipe of Conveyance goes into the tender Plants by which alamentary juyce ascarried thereinco, uncil ic grows up and gers ftrength of it felf codraw alimentary juyce out of che Earth to it felf, and to elaborare che fame... In refpect therefore of the pulp of feeds ic happens that the remaining parc of the feed facalled, viz. poby made SEEXtErna) Bark, 1s only che Cafe (asitwere) of the true feed which defends che po
Two parts of the feed in Plants,
ench-beans. » But the reft and greaceft pact of che Pulp is nog made in vam, but
} | |
|
ib ce! | eo! | Won Jong the ¢3 hurt | Fic Putt feed yerthe hecatl genera Peas, accord wiles, called. withou
itappé
¢
i
1 {yA YF fitkot B ly,ye itand there
| tttin
alid fo andthe But Sea Bruits fr BS vonder( Blut, bi @ Vande FB tdby cre | Lif, itHorle What bay Hite, B iterate B erst ther if Pet apn Linn 4 Pea andy , Uetiet
2 a
| Tilius (
ERAN fi | , ms (q | q Mldoas q Hithey i 1B i R itty)
‘bin
rorely My Dad + Rog
penta
, Thee ofall 14 Very ren by nd con 4 thous
dane |
ower
va} lead
dyad theAus |
rs of the gin hai nde ant cafe oth, A pation
ated, boy
ortuplt the (ed eft ofthe
es at i cu, but {
So RRA eT a A RO
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if pcol 9]
eae spel pC ee a eee aaNet TE te eT Tm ST Ep la he a a grue feed againft external injuries, and ehac external Bark co the Barks, and Shels, and Membranes of Eggs.. For fince the feeds of Plantsare not prefently caft into the Mothers Wombas che feed of Creatures that bring forth live young ones is, but are many times kept long out of che Earth which is cheir Matrix, this Bark defends chac {ame incetnal feed againft the external injuries, left before ic begins co {prouc, or in che very {prouting, ic thould be hure by excecnal occurrent caufes. Ys ae From which ic appears, although ( as was faid before cap. 6.) che feed may alfo be called Fruic: yet chac chere is ome difference becwixt Fruic and Seed. For char is properly feed which is fimply neceflacy to generation fuch as is the marrow of the feed, which allo ne- verthelefs becaufe it is produced by che Generator. it may alfo be termed che Fruit. Bue becaufe che Creator hath compafled fome feeds with Pulps which are not neceflary for the generation of chae fpecies, buc ierve for meat for man or for other ufes, asin Cherries, Apples; Pears, Peaches, Grapes, all chat wherein che Seed is iscommonly caljledthe Fruit. And fo
according to nature the Fruicis eicher Seed, or that which contains feed in it, as Araffotle
writes, 1.degenerat. Animaliunt, cap. 18. Yet by Arc ic may cometo pals that che fruit fo called may be without feed: as Cherries without Cherry ftones, and che Berries of Grapes without ftones: which is performed by taking the marrow out of che Branch. From which icappears thas che Marcow in Trees does chiefly make cowards Generation.
Chap. 9. Of the Generation and Propagation of Animals in General; “and of Braits in Special, |
|S ae faid chus much in general of the Original of living chings, and then more efpeci- _ ally of Plants; in the nexc place we are co treat of the propagation of live chings, and firft of Bruics. ‘Where in the firft place we are cogive warning thac fome think too mean-
ly, yea, and grofly of the Souls of bruit Beafts. For fome (truly) chere are whofe under- whether ftanding is fo plunged in the Elements that they can underftand nothing above chem; and the Souls
therefore chey endeavor to deduce al things out ofthe Elements, and date to write that che of Bruits
firft individuals of bruit Beafts were totally and.according to either pact (viz. cheir macter JP’ing
atid form) produced of the Elements, and that a) bruic Animals -both in.refpect of their body and their foul are inal generations Elementary, and fhal continue fuch to al Generations. But Scaliger was much more in the tight, Everczt. 307. Seft.20. judging of the Souls of Bruits from thei actions which are far above the forces of che Elements... For admirable and wonderful actions appear in Bruits, which can proceed from no Element nor Elemeneary na- ture, butdependupona more noble Principle. Such wonderful things are related of the
wit and capacity of Elephants, that they feem cotranicend all belief, unlefs they were rela= derful un _ ted by credible Perfons,Pliny, Lib.8.cap.3.4.5. Chriftopber Acofta,and at large by Freftus derRan- Lipfins, Cent.1. Epift. 50. What wonderful chings in Peace, what admirable things in War ig, of an Horfe performs, . the fame Lipfivs thews plentifully ; Century 3. ad Belgas, Bpift. 56.2 ®
What happened to the Sybarices who could dance both they and their Horfes, Hiftories te- ftifie. And who wil not beleeve the moft credible Scaliger being an Eye Witnefs, who re- lates.a firange ftary of the apprehenfivenefs of an Horfe, Exercit. 209. concerning Alex= anders Horfe Bucepbalus who doesnot tead ftrange things both cur of Gellins, and many other Hiftorians? Alfo what the Sagacity of Dogsis, and cheir fidelity to cheir Mafters and their aptne{s to learn any thing may be learn’d from Pliny, Scaliger, Camerarius, and Lipfius, Cent. fing.ad Italos @ Hifpanos,; Epift. 59. @ Cent.1. ad Belgas, Epift.44s yea, and ic is manifeft by dayly Experience. Whac cricks Apes play, and how they coun
cerfeie mens actions, is unknownto none. That an Hare learn’d co keep company. among —
Dogs withour fear, and would go on bunting withthem (among many other {uch things) Julius Cafar Scaliger cettifies, Exercitat. 224. Among Birds Fufius Lipfius reckons the Lettec- carrying Pidgeons, ih Epift. 59. Cent. fing. ad Italos Hifpanos.. Whoknows nor that Parrots wi) learn to {peak as men {peak 5 yea, chat che Mag-pie, Nighcingale,and Thrufhy wildoas much, ‘Martial, Plutarch, Ovid, Pliny, and many others witnets,. Thar Cranes journey with a cettain Difcipline and keep watch, isaverred by chofe thac write che Hifto= ry of Birds, The wit and induftry of Bees and Pifmires is vulgarly known. Every Cote
_ tage is ful of che Artificial Works ofthe Spider. Beafts know their own ftrength and Arms | andcheic own weakne{s, and have cheic familiac Medicines which shey are acquainted, with.
Which
Of the Generation of Animals in General, exc. ig 499 —
Elements?
A Lat)
Pi ait
yi |
ep ic AT rece me ae ee
fy co
Which wonderful abilicies and works of Bruits chey that endeavor to derive {rom an Ele. mentary principle do bur wath the Blackmore.
And as che Operations of Animals are more various and wonderful than thofeof Plants ;
fo their propagation is more labored and cutious.. It isnoetmy intent in this place co pro-
ound althat may be faid of cheir differences and various Originals, but only as much. as
The Sexes thal fuffice co declare che propagation of their fouls. Now to the Generation of perfect
SnAnimols Animals there is required a double Generator, and neither is of it {elf -fufhcienc to Genera-
‘ gion; though chereisa controverfie as couchingthe manner. For I: know che difpuces.bes
ewixe the Ariftoceleans and Phyficians concerning .chis poinc, whiles che former conceive
chat che feed of che Male is the only efficient, and chac che Female affords nothing but mat-
ter: bucche Jacter hold chat the Femate affords feed alfo which is both effectual and fruic-
fal, Which great Controverfie being prolixe I think not fit to handle the fame in this
place. Certain it is chat neither Male alone, northe Female alone is fuffictene to generate a
living Creature, bur borh of them concribure their fhare whacever it isto che conftuution of
an Animal. Whence Empedocles a\fo (as appears in Arifbotle,1.de gener. animal, ¢.18.) f{aid;
That ic ische joynt contribution ofthe male and female, buc che.whol proceeds from neither
The feed ofthem. They indeed chat hold that the Seed of the male only does concur. actually toge-
of the fe- neration may eafily free chemfelves from many Objections urged againft cheir Opinion;
ag {5 Buc moft Payfitians think the contrary, Who hold tha¢ the formative vertue is as wel inthe
POUR Seed of the Female as ofthe Male; and they conceive they have reafon fo tothink, as for
other caufes, fo becaufe of the likenefs of che yonp ones, fomtime to the Father, fomeime
co the Mother, and fomtime toborh: gor only when Animals are generaced by Animals of
che fame fore; bur chen alfo when Generation is made by Animals of different forts, where-
inthe work ofthe Fathers and Mothers foul does manifeftly appear. Soa Mule is made of
a Mareanda hee Afs, aMulet of a ftone Horfeand a fhee Als; of an Ox and an Afs the
ftrongeft fort of Mules 5 the Indian Dog of a Tiger and a Bicch; the Dog-lyon of a Lyon
anda Bitch; aftrong Dog of a Wolfanda Bitch 5 the Laconick Dogs ofa Dog anda thee
Fox ; of che Pard and Lyonefs che Leopard 3 a Mufmus of a fhee Goat and a Ram; and
many other Animals: of which fee Johannes Baptifia Porta, Lib. 2. “Mag. Natural.
Yea,and Hiftories record chat a Womancoupling witha Beaft hath brought forth a Creagure
like her felf.. \ Yerchefemencan eafily freethemfelves fromdubious objections. For this
Law bath been eftablifhed by the Creator, that as t¢ were from two partial caufes one prin=
ciple and one cotal.caufe fhould arife, from whence one motion and efficiency fhould arife to
~~ ‘Natural-Philofopbical Difcourfes. Ss Boo IV
Thé miz- the prodyétion of the yong Animal, but ina certain Order and Mechod. Nor fhould the
sure of -Mixcuce of Souls or Forms offend any onein thiscafe, by ceafon of fome feigned Metaphyfi- Forms is ea) Axioms, Bor the Maleand Female are of che {ame fort, and cherefore 16 is as little ab-
een. furd that the foul of the two feeds fhould be conjoyned as for two flames co beuniced. |
Hippocrates did noccount the mixture of fouls fo abfurd a thing, as appears by chat Speech of his, Lib. 1. de Vitt. rat.text.61. If any mancannot thinkthat fouls ave mingled, he ia woid of reafon. Here Fienus objects in his. 6. Quaft. deform. fet. If the Seeds fhould be mixed, andthe adtions of both fhould concur, ctheic effect would alwaics be mixed, and alwaies half Mafculine and half Feminine, and no yongone wouldever perfectly refemble the Kacher or che Mother, but alwdies patcly one, and partly the other. .Alfo he chinks ic impoffiblethat thofe ewo vertues can alwaies fo evenly con{pire to. one effect, but tharthey frould often err, and inftead of one part make ewo3 or inftead of two.one, one formative vercue making one inchis place, and of this part of the feed, andthe other making another in anothér place and of another part of che feed 5 fo that Monfters would be frequently in- gendred: Averrboes and others do eafily anfwer this Objection who hold there ts no aétive Principle ih the Seed of che Female. But they alfo who hold that thee is an active Princ pie, anda formative Faculcy in the Females feed, have an anfwer for this Objection. How
chat God made two Sexes, and in a) Animals created both Male and Female ts a fure ching 5:
bur why he made Sexesis known to his own Wifdom. Plato relates a Fable in Sympofios
, Phat inthe beginning theré was no difference of Sexes amongit Men, and that al were chen
\Hermaphrodites, but becaufe of cheir Pride and Arrogance God cut Men afunder, and efta~
(blithed che two Sexes diftinct one from another, fo thas one could do nothing cowards its
Jown prefervation without che other. ButSexesare not inMan-kind alone, but in other Animals alfo. ,
Buc cache Objections of Fienws it may bé anfwered, Thar there alwaies appears a fign of the conjunction of both fouls, and there 1s no creature but che yorg one does refemble both che Parents, either in the externa) form of Body, ox the difpolitions of the gang, or in a
cf
Bp lint
) vd | thet feed pat gre (0 wa AB sage) Lym! fod becott pring ‘Tru every verte joie) inca and It ferent the fow nthe thepo Mulech allo wit Opi Andthe
: nak | I hoha Yo thing forth then dhapu
_ ated, fous wh mont mleandc judge cave fa
B Planes B section tery Ge loca, ang DO Wares im i090 G hould Te
Utlence
B® ate foy ib ti \e Qi le fog a 'Allce of place, a
—_
md
ly
ae
lng, ) Dtos uch ay ited Eeig. i) bes ceive i Mate | fruits 1 this erate g
tion of |
fd, beither lee Pinon; inthe 48 for omtime imals of
Wheres |
made of Als the | Lyon da fite mM and Natural Creature For this ne pgs darifeto
ould the”
aphilte | ttle abe | eunited, fl an Spetih ledybe | fhouldbe | xed, and -referble chinks It thatthey | foumative y ant yently Or sqoacire ve Bit? I Mh How i ye 108 9 Syn were (O80 ade | owatds ih
(il oibtt
wlio hk of ots
Chap. 9. Of the Generation of Animals in General, ae. 5G
| he Generator be she caufe of shis form ; fince icismany cimes dead when the Eggs are bat- | P Ya
a ent eee \
Yee icis noc neceflary that chey fhould alwaies equally refembleboth Parents. For if ci- ther of the feeds be ftronger chan che other the yong wil moft refemble che Parent which chat feed came from. Nor is it any way neceffary that an Error fhould be commicted in confor= The Con mation if the foulsbée conjoyned. For they are of che fame {pecies & like as when cwo flames {action of are united they pertorm one infeparable effect, fo cwofoulsjoyned together do contpire/ abe co makeup one effect, And thereare alfo. examples hereof in Plants; whereof Scaliger ‘""* Exercit. 106. fetk.6. chus writes: I wil tel, you a greater matter which vol more advan-
tage you in fearching out tbe manner of Generation, than to knove all unprofitable rules and
Laws of Cylinders, Setthree Date Stones, andfo many Palmes wil thence grow up, and|
“fo diftintt, as the Stones themfelves were, and thefe tbree branches wil grow togetber and
become one ‘Palm with one Stock. And of thefe Stones.no otherwife fet than aforefaid fprings the Palm-tree as Theophraftus informs us: one ftockin number arifing from tbree Trunks, feparatedin Origmal, “Matter, Quantity and Place. Sofar Scaliger. For every ftem and each palm firft fpringing out, of the Earth bath its own ‘foul: yet ne= verthelefs chefe chree Palms grow into one numerical Palm; whichis not only to be feen inthe palm, buc in che Ingraftang of all Plants in which the Stock on which, the Branch is ingrafied hath ics own foul, alfo che Branch hatch its foul :. of che branch and ftock one Plane and Tree is made and furnifhed with one only foul. . And notonly of the fame fore, but dif- ferent fouls are alfo joyned, as was faid, and may be {een in che generation of a Mule, in which the fouls of an Horfe anda fhee Afs are joyned, as is manifeft by che fhaping of its parts ; alfo in the ingcafting of a Pearuponan Apple, and of other Trees of feveral forts. For where the power and faculty of thefoulis, there isthe foulit felf: buc in che conformation of a Mule the adtions of each foul, both of the Horfe and che Afs,are apparent. And therfore here al{o with Scaliger in Lib, 1. de Plantis, we mutt fay, where the thing it felf is apparent, if Opinion contraditts thefame, we muft feeka reafon, and not be Ignorant of tbe thing.|
- And therefore whacever objections are made concerning one feed wherher of che Male or Fe-
male , {they are.of no moment. For neither 1s one feed alone fufficient for Generation, but bo:h are neceffary.
Now the Generation of Animals ts twofold,;: for fome bring forth Eggs out of which living The Ge= things are hatched others conceive live things within chemfelves and afterwards bring them ”’atien of, forthe Toeach of chefe Generations the feed of the Male and Female are requifite, and of ats ae chem joyned cogecher the Conception ts made_in which the foul is che principal caufe of the twofold. fhaping of che young Creature. Boral the reafons which prove chat the feed of Plants is ani-
, maated, chefame do alio firmly prove chat the feed of Animals is animated,; and the rea-
fons which prove that generation is made in Plants by the animated feed, che fame reafons de- monftrate che fame thing in Animals. Some indeed do count it a vain way of reafoning,to ar- The Seed gue and demonftrace the Generation of Animals from the Generation of Plants. Buc in my of Animals gudgment they are cherein much deceived. For fince Generation isan action of the vege- * , ie: tacive faculty, or of che natutal faculcy as Phyfitians call it, and that faculcy is moft vigorous '*“*
in Plants, che way of generation in Animals may thereby wel be proved. For fince all Ge.
necation is performed by communication of che Soul andthe Body, or as Zabarella {peaks,
every Generator when it Generates does communicate fome of its mactec-and fome of its
form, and this communication of matter and foul is moft conf{picuous.in Plants, fo chac it can
no waies be denied chat Plants communicate cheir fouls by Seeds, Branches, and roots; and
that no Generation is made without.the foul be communicated by the Generator, Why
dhould Tnot.hold chat ic becides after che {ame mannerin Animals? And fince in Plants che prefence of che form in che {ubject is collected by fiom demonftracion from their operations;
and in the feed of Animals the operations of the foul, Accra@tion, Formation, Augmentati-
onate found, we juftly conclude that the foulis prefent therein. And fince no Apenc can immediatly concu: so.the production of a living Creature, ‘bucic muft havethe fame degree
Of life formally ; and the feed of Animals by its own proper virtue, without any new afli-
ttance of che Generator, orany motion or direction thereof, yea feparated thereftom in place, and many times alfo in time, does producea living Animal, and isthe principal and immediate Agent in the production of che young one 3 irmuft of neceflixy have formally a ue and univocal Soul. And this appears both in fuch as breed Eggs, and living foings,
For in the firft place, as concerning Eggs, that che foul of the future Animal is already in Eggs bard them, chisthews, that as {oon as Eges are cherifhed by a convenient Heat the foul in chem 4 /oai im begins to couze ic {elf and forms an Animal, likechat from whence the Eggscame.s Nor can them,
ched
shots deel
; Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
hc nn stein eaten arresting cla
B 5% K iv.
a ee RR Np _ penal
ched s° nor'canany other univocal caufe be fo much as imapined. That che Eegps of Sik-
worms are hatched by a temperate heat, Hieronymus Vida doesteftifie in the firtt Book of his Poem of Silk-worms.
Nor are the Silk-roorms Egos batched one way Alone, for fome doin the Sun-fhine bay The'little feeds, until they batched are.
‘Nor fhouldft tbou'be afbam’d, O' Lady fair, To give them (wrapt up inthy Lilly Breaft ) Betwixt thy Rofie Nipples awarm Neft :
‘Ef thou do’ft love to wear a brave filkGovn : For in a day or two, thou up and dovon
Shalt fee the wonderous little Worms to creep, Who in their Eggs did lie before afleep.
—
°Tis commonly knownthat Hens Eges are hatcheby Ducks, and Ducks Eggs by Hens. Yeaand Ful. Caf. Scaligertelates thatin the City of Grand Cairo Chicken ace hatche by the Heat ofa Furnace. “In all which waies chere can be no univocal Agent affigned, but che
Eggs com-'{oul which lies hid’ in che Egg. Forche Eggs of Animals being of a middle nature be-
Ered te Atwixt che feedsof Plants and’ Agimals do agree with both in fome things, and in other Pieasa ichings they differ : chey anfWer eo the feeds of Plants herein, becaufe they contain in them
both the foul and the matter of the future yong one ; moreover che true feed is covered with 4 Bark and Membranes: but herein is che difference, chat the feeds of Plants when they are committed co the Ground, fromtt they draw the maccer which is neceffary co form the body, ahd of the marcer of che feed the ficit {mal Roots and {prouts only are framed, che other parte ofmarter being deawn out ofthe Earch : but in Eps {ince the foul is fo barricadoed and fhut up in Skins and Shels, that ic can draw nothingfrom withoué, and in the mean while che yong one is in a manner perfectly forntedin che Egg. gps do not only concain foul and matter fit co fhape che firft rudiments of the yong Creature, bue alfo matter neceflary to fhape fo pers feét 4 Body and co nourifh che fame. And with thefeeds of Animals they do herein apree,chat che feed ts firft-of all bred in the Stones or the parts analogical to che Stones,and ehat che feed is Perfectly caft by the Male incoche Womb of the Female, which is not fo in Plants whofe “feeds are expoied co many external Injuries, being out of the Earch their Nurfe. And bere- an fuch as breed Eges differ tcom chofe which bring forth living Creacures, in that che feed of the Egg-bearers is noc perfected n the Womb of the Females, asthe feed of fuch as bear five young ones.is, but is perfected without, and therefore rheir feed does nor remain li- quid likechat of che others, buc had need to be governed by an external help and recep~ racle. . Now the Generation of living Creatures fcom Eggs is not after one manner, For fome are excluded by the Females while they are Eps, and after become Animals being cherifhed by external Heat... But in Crabs che Eggs ftick faft co che Mother, and Crabs-are generated in
Animals them whiles they are chere fticking.
tring f put {uch Creatures as engender within themfelves or in their Wombs, dojal} generate by juice ” che meeting together of the feed of the Male and the Female; which feeds as foon as chey are
young ones, conceived in the Womb che fouls difplaies ic felf and begins ¢o frameit felf a ficcing manfion
houfe, which being perfected is called a living Soul Live-wight or Animal. both the Parents alchough at hath the foul in ic, and therewith lives of ic felf, yee is i¢ mo Ani- ma], nor can an Animal be made chereof unlefs both are joyned cogether. That ching is ani- mated which hath a foul in it, and lives thereby of ic felf: and chat is an Animal or living thing which is furnifhed with a Soul and Body that hath al} the Organs requifite to fuch a
Creature. But che feed of che Male or Female alone cannot become an Animal, but the Con-.
ception which confifts of both feeds, or of the feed and menftrual Blood, becomes an Animal. And therfore the Male does neither Generate in himfelf, nor doch he engender an Animal ef-
The Seed fentially perfect, sor does he ingender alone.
of Animals ws anisa-
ted.
Now chac chis feed of Animals is animated or bath the foul in ic,che Conformation or fha- ping of the yong one fhews. For either che yong is formed by a caufe without che (eed, ot within it. ‘Not wichout ic, for none can be imagined; or if any, ic muft be che Womb. Buc chat formation does not {paring from the Womb is the common opinion of learned men,
noras i¢ defticuce of ceafons co jug fie the fame. ' Among
Now che feed of
j Chi fi | i An ay? niall prot ats! dows The ralod but £0 and me only 1 a (0 hel Bb felf bl andthe branch out of wich i More Womb: anactio f Bub (sean wih ist and gene they ae their roo Oistice Qitfe, mach 1 fuppo! the fori one ssf withou ly affor of wont
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Chap. 9.
pes Among lace Wricers (cruly) Fobannes Gallego dela Serna, de princip. generat. Lib.3: Cap. 20; endeavors to prove that the Soul of che Mother is the principal caute of che Orga nization and Animation in other Animals, and of che formation and union in Man. . And to
prove his own Opinion he alleadges certain Authorities of fome Philofophers and Phyliti- foaped by ans; but contrary co their own evident Underftanding, which therefore J lift not to fer tbe wombs
down in this place : And the Reafons which he ufesare evidently frivolous.
The ficft is, Thac chere is no Organ in our Body, which by trsown fimilicude and natus ral Inclination bach che power of actracting any ufeful fubftance for attractions fake alone; but to enjoy che fame, and confequently co change the fame; but che Womb hath a power and moft vehemene Inclination codraw to it felf the matter of che child 3 ergo it draws it noe only for attractions fake, buc to enjoy, and confequently cochangehefame. Buc lanf{wer co the minor, chat it is falie chat che Womb in Creatures chat have blood does draw co i¢ {elf blood neceffary to form the yong one; but the foul which is inche Seed draws the fame, and therefore alo changes the fame. For as in Plants che feed caft inco che Earth, or a@ branch or bulb fec therein, does firft form and produce roots by which ic draws nourifhmenr our of the Earth; fo the foul in the yong one in che Womb forms the umbilical Veffels, by which ic-draws blood and fpirits.
Moreover he conceives che Generarive Faculty hath need ofa pecultar Organ, and thar the Womb is that Organ, fincein che whol body chere is none like 1 f0 accommodated for fuch
anaction. : | But both of chefe fuppofitions are falfe. For inthe firft place the changing faculty ts not
Organica], nor 1S 1£ performed ina Patt 4s 10 1s Orpanical, but asic is fimilar, and furnifhed .
with i¢sinnate heat. And although the ftomach and Liverjand other parts, which do change and generate fome fnbftance are Organical: yet chey change not nor generate any thing as they are Organica] but aschey are fimilary. Buc they have cheir Organical confticucion for cheir more convenient Reception, Recenfion,and Expulfion. Sache ftomach hath the upper Orifice which receives che meat and drink, che Cavity wherein it holds che fame the lower Orifice, by which the generated Chylus isfent forth. But Concoction 1s performed in che fto- mach inaimuch as it 1s a fimilar parc, and furnifhed wich ics Natural Heac. | Againg chat pre- fuppolition is falfe, That che Womb does change and inform chat blood which comes in for che formation of the Child; fince chat is done by che foul inche feed. Foras when the yong one is formed it hath in ic felf a nutritive and growing faculty which does not proceed from wirbout: foit isalfo in che formacion of fhaping of che faid yongone. Burche Wombon- ly affords che place wherein the formation is made, and al the Organical Gonfticucion chere- of is concrived co that intent and purpofe. . On the contrary, There are moft evident Reafons which prove that the Womb of the Mo- ther does not perform the fhaping of che Child, and chac 1s does noc give che foul coche Ghild, For in the firft place, if the Womb did fhape the Child or yong one whatever, the Male fhould nor communicate the a@tive Principle of Generation, buc only che paflive.. Yeas and che Female alone fhould be the caufe of Generation, as beftowing both matter and form, and fo the female might concéive in her felf withoucamale. Secondly, no reaton could be given why the yong one fhould be fomimes like cheSireor Father. Thirdly, why thould not Females be alwaies generated, and how comes chere tobe Males? Fourthly, That which performs che work Formation muft needsimmediately couch the Child ory ong one: but the Womb does not immediately touch the yong one, burMembranes come betwixt 1€ and the Womb,and thofe watry Exccements concained in che Membranes, For whereas Fol Gallego conceives it coaveighs ts vercue to the yong one through the Membranes them-= felves, ic isabfurd, nor. are the Membranes parts of che yObg one, as Gallego would have its Much lef$ can chat verrue pafs through the Excrements, Nor is chac of any moment which he faies of che Torpedoes benumming a Mans hand who couches tt only wich che end of avery longrope, and chat che Load-ftone moves Iron through achick board. For thefe actions are performed by fpirirual Species; as was {aid before in che Second Difcourte, chap. 4. of this Treacile, which are asa Ray continually thruft forth, as ful. Cafar Scaliger, Brerctts 344. Set. 5. (peaks. Buc che concocting aid changing and forming Faculty ts immanenty nor does it pais from one {abject co another, andxemaining in its own proper fubject, per- forms its operations, but does not cranimis its force chrough che Membranes and exccemrents out of the Womb. Indeed Fobannes Gallego conceits that ic ische part of a blockhead
_todonubr, Whettier the Soul of the Mother can animate che internal parts of the child, al= _ though they ace covered with Membranes. Buel am of Opinion che quickett wit in che | W orld cannot conceive how the Soul being abfens and diftans in place, can animate the yong
Pa ones
Of the Generation of Animals in General, ec: 65 x
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S04 Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes. Book IV.
one... For fuppofe the Womb could work fome alteration thereupon, through the Mem- branes and Excrements of W ater, yet could ic noc caufe animation. Inthe feed » Therefore we muft needs hold chat che Caufe of Gonformacion is in the feed it felf. Which it felf * igche common Opmion of learned Men, viz. of Ariftotle, 2.de generat. animal. cap. 1. 3s jg atk 20+ 1.de generat. animal. cap. 20.1. 4. de generat. animal.cap. 1. andeliewbere. Gar gation, 12 Lib. de format. fortu. cap: 2+ 3. 5+ 14» Lib. 1. de fem. cap. 8.18... 2. de fem. cap. 1. de 5. 14 déufu partium, cap.7.8 andochets, And whath queftionlels ftrong reaions cto dupport che tame. For in wie fir ft place, {ince Conformation is a Natural act, it proceeds from an Incernal principle, nocan excernal. Secondly conformation begins in the feed equally and al che parts wichin and without are equally conformed. Thirdly, fince in Buds which breed Egos the principle of Conformation is internal, no reafon can be fhewed why it fhould not be fo na} osher Animals.
And if you now enquire what chat internal Principle is, no other can be afligned fave the is the Soul. Some fay itis logos Plafticos, ora formative Underftanding or Facuky: but unlefs canfe ef thereby chey underftand the ioul it felf furnifhed wich aformacwe Faculty, this Opinion the [oaping -annot hold, and hath been fufficiencly refuted before, chap. 5. Ochershold ic isthe Native of an Aniv ee Si stay é , ; : ; wal. Hear: buc neither is chat rhe principal Caute ot Formation... For fo noble an action which
al Philofophers cannoe fufficiencly admire, can only be aicribed roaquality. And heat is on= ly acommon Infirument, nor can icgive coal parts their quanticy, figure, and number, and out of queftion no quality can a& unlefs it be directed by a principal and fupertor faculzy, of which there is need in this cafe,
Nothing elfe therefore remains which can be the caufe of Conformation in the Seed, fave the Soul ic felf.. Which while Thomas Fienus denies he is in great Error, queft.5. conclus.6, and inthe firft place he hach not indeed rightly ftated che -Controverfie. For whereas he
The foul
The Con- i i treverfie Oughc to have difpuced concerning a\ Souls living, or al Animals, he congrary cothe Rules of teuching Demonftration, goes about todemonftrare an adjunct of the whol kind of Animals touehing
the forma- One fort, vize Man-kind. For itis not aching proper to Man alone cogenerate from feed
tion of — caft incothe Womb, but common coal Creatures which bring forch yong anesalive. And adie in the beginning of Queft. 5.. he doesnot rightly form che Queftion, where he writes. The
Queftion here isnot, Whecherthe Soul brought into the Seed afcer Concepiion is the Effie cient Cauleof Conformation? but whecher tbe Soul pre-exifting in the Seed before che Concepsion, and bred in che Tefticles of the Parents isthe Caufe. For there 1s no Quefti- on concerning che laccer 5 bucthis is the Queftion in cantroverfie ; Whether che feeds of che Male and Female joyned ‘together in the Womb, have an inerinfecal formative Faculy (which he grants) andconfequently aSoul (for chat neceflarily follows) in them.
For Jet us. put che cafe thac in a Manthe Soul is introduced and confufed by God: yer fince in Bruits chere can be no fuch Infufion it muft needs be prefently in the feed, and cha communicated from the Parents, And this is fufficienrly proved by one Argument which
‘Tit prow Pienus bimfeli brings, fo that there is need of no more, and that ts this; that which fhapes vedtbat the body is withinthe Seed, as he proved, Conclufion the third. That which fhapes 1s the foulin {ome Soul 5 for fhaping isa proper power of the Soul, Ergo, there is a Soul within che sts ats Seed, or a Soul of che Seed: forchac whichhe an{wers (as was faid before, chap. 6.) 1s of no of Confor= Moment. I confe (faies he) the Premifesaretrue. Butl deny ibe Conjequence. It vation, wedeed rightly inferred that there is fome Soul in the Seed, but not that it ss thefoul of the
Seed. ‘bere is indeed a Soul brought into the Seed after that the Seed ss conceived in the
Womb, or planted in the Barth, or the Egg fet under the Hen, reben all things are put into
att; buttbatis not the Soul of the Seed, or which did pre-exifi in the Seed, or which was
bred in the Stones, the Tree, or the Hen, but tbe Soul of the yong one conceived being afters
wards introduced ibereinto. For fuppofe indeed that the Soul is introduced into humane
Seed 3 yet intothe Seedsof Plants, che Egs of Hens, and the fecds of Bruns, cis falle co
hold chat the Soul is afterwards introduced, For what intcoduces the Soul into the feed.
thrown inthe ptound, what introduces it into an Hens Eggs whiles a Duck fits over them,
or while chey are haiched by the heat of afurnace?) Herecanbe nocaufe afligned by which
che Soul fhould be introduced. Andifche Parents fhould nor give the Soul, but fome exter-
nal thing, like fhould not ingender its like.. And what need is there I pray you Cin this cafe) comultiply things co no end, and to hold wo Souls; one which is che Soul ofthe Seed, or
which did pre-inexift inthe Seed, and was bred in che Scones, orthe Tree, or the Hen, and
wher « Avorber wtroduced afterwards. And he contradicts bimfelt in this point,whiles in Conclut.6, Plent is he writes: Thatthe fhaping of the Seed in the Earth is not effential generation it felj, but generated, only the perfettion of the ner Plant already conjtituted and generated uponthe Trees and toe
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doubts befides. For although chey chat chink otherwite do alleadp many things: yet they can bring no- thing folid and firm for their Opinion :. which knowing, that chey might abufe che Reader contrary to the Laws of Demonftration, fuch thingsas they fhould difpute of che feed and formation of Animals in general, choferhey difpute in particular touching the Soul and for- mation of Man; which whenthey are examined ingeneral and in cheir own place they prove of no force. For many being of Opinion char tbe fou] of Man is bot propagated from bis Parents, but infufed by God when the body 1s formed, and the fame being altoimmorctal; al chofe abfurdicies whict are objected againft che Animation of Seed from the Prerogative of the Humane Soul dofalco che ground if they be propounded in general fo.as to concern bruic Beafts alfo. .- For they are not able to fhew whence proceeds the fou! and formation of the Body ofan Horfe, a Lyon, a Dog, unlefs the Soul be derived from the Parents with the Seed’; nor can they cel us who ic is chat begins the Delineation of the y ong one inal Animals, or why it fhould be neceffary that the faid information fhould be begun by one, and perte- cted by another. Burefpecially they are nacableto thew bow out of the Egps. of Birds yong ones of che fame kind are’hatched, e{pecially by a Burd of anocher kind fitung. on che {aid Eggs, or when they are hatched by che heat of a Furnace, unleis the Soul were already inthe Egg. And therefore fincein Bruit Animals thofe Arguments are of no force, the moft of thofe alfo which are urged concetning the Generation of Man wal alfo be of no force., And alchough fome diftinguith betwixt the Coriception andthe Seed, and: cal chac white. fub- ftance bred in the (tones che Seed, which is fhed inco the Wombinthecime of Copulation s and that Body bred of che Seed in the Womb the Conception, wherein there are fome linea- ments of the future Animal already drawn; yet they chemfelves cannot fhew.a Reafon whence the Soul in Bruirs (for here we wal fec afide che Humane Soul, chence thereabouts, for the reafons aforefaid there is a peculiar difpute) fhould come into che Conception, if ic were not in the Seed before 5 nor cel us what caufe began chat firft delineation and figuration of the parts of every Animal. For whereas Jobannes Gallego de la Serna, faies it proceeds from the Womb, thacisaleogether falfe. For fothe Female thould only generate, fince fhe alone gives the oul, and the Male affords only the matter. But Jee us feecheir Objections.’ Inche firft place many indeed Obje@, and therein alfo
‘triumph, That nothing is animated but a body and its parts; buc che Seed is an Excrement
anda certain fuperfluous moifture bred in the ftones, being jult like the Chyle in che ftoe mach, the blood inthe Liver and Heart, and che nuikiinche Dugs. But in good deed this
Argument ot theirs is of no weight, as fhal be alfo fhewn hereafter in Chap. 14... For inthe A refute firft place, chey beg the Queftion, and this very ching isa parc thereof, whether only che parts 402 of are of the body, orthe feed alfo be animated. Foralthough the Seed is bred inthe ftones, as £47vts
Chyle in the ffomach,and 1s no nutriment of che body ; yer it does not thence follow chat 1c ts an Excremént. Wor there isa chird ching generated in living Creatures, viz, che fruit or
feed, cal it which you pleafe, which the feed of Plants does evidently declare. For fome do the foul ix make exceprions and fay, that there isa difference becwixt che feeds of Plants and Animals, the feed of
and chat the Seed ot Plants isnot like che feed of Animals, but like the Conception made in : » - ad . 2 : the Wombs of Animals. Buc fuppofe ic fo cobe; yet thereby is proved, that there is alfo
fomwhée bred in Animals which 1: neither a pare of cheir Body, nora Nucriment, nor an Ex- excrement: ecrements Nordoes that prove the contrary which fobanues Gallego dela Serna objects, “de princip: generat. Lib. 2. cap. 5, while he wrices that che feed. of Animals cannot attaan co
that ulcimace di{pofition to che Incroduction of the Soul, which thofe parts of the fame f{ub-
‘ftances have attained, which have been cucned into the {ubftance of the parts; and chat the
feed hath only teceived from its organ affimilation, fucltas che concottive Faculty was able £9
gainft the
Ra
SS ae
Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
Boox IV.
topive ic, and fuch as Milk hath received, and chat therefore ic remains inanimace. For they ace meer bepgings of the Queftion, and the feed of Plants does demonftrate the contrary. ‘For if the feed of Platts could receive chat difpofition neceffary for che propagation of Planes; why cannot che feed of Animals receive che fame? And milkit {elf which foban- nes Gallego brings for an example, evidently declares that fomwhat may be ingendred ia che bodies of Animals which is no patt of the body nor its Aliment (forthe Mother is not nou- rifhed with the Milk the breeds) nor ameer Excrement: fuch as feed alio is, which is noc cherefore bred in che ftones by che concoctive Faculty. only chat te might be voided forth as al Excrements are, but therefore and ro chis end that by aca new Individual .mighe be gene- How the rated, and fo che kind might be preferved. Andtherefore though che Concottive Faculty Seed is _— does noc animate the Seed, as neither in other parts does che alimenr receive che Soul from animated. he Goctive Faculty : yet after the Seed hath received from the Concactive Faculty {uch a difpoficion thac ic can be a fic fubject for the Sou}, che foul which ts inthe animate body does commaunicate it felfchereto as welin Plantsas Animals: which after ic is ieparaced from che Parent, by vercue and power of the foul which it: poffeiies and bath received from che Generaror it ss able co confticute a new individua), or particular diftiné live ching. For an chem alfo che feed 1s firft elaborated by the Concoétive Faculty ; and when the feed is wel] wrought and ripe, chen che foul communicates it felf thereco. ‘The tame comes to pais in Animals, nor is chere any reafon co fhew that iz is otherwifes fave chat in Animals as being more perfect there isa more labored prepararion, and both the male and the female communicates fomwhat co che Conftitucion of the yongone; noris the feed caft into che The dife- Barch,bucintothe Womb. Nor let chat crouble any one that che feed of Animals which die -bring forch quick yong ones, isofa different Nature fromthe feed of Plants, and chac the dad feeds of Plants are wonderoufly and vatioufly fhaped : but che feeds of Animals reprefent Animals, only a Liquor likemilk. For feeing the feeds of Animals are prefently caft inco che womb : of the Mother, and cherifhed thereby, and cherein receive blood neceffary conourifh the yong one ; there was no need chat they fhould be fenced againft external Injuties, by external co-
verings as the feeds of Plants and Eggs alfo are.
Howbeit in che Wombir felf the Seeds of Animals do frame many things which are necef- fary for che Formation and augmentation of the yoog one; fuchasare the. Coats which in= fold che fame, the Umbilical or Navel Veflels, and fuch chings as belong tothele. Finally, an fuch Creatures as produce Eggs, becaufe the Eggs were co be kept long before che Chicken are hatched, and that is nor performed by the heat of che Womb, but by an external Heac, yyec they are covered with fhe}s after che fame manner as che feeds of Plants. For Eggs do dherein agree with the feeds of Plants, that asin Plantsco che marrow or pap which is pro= erly the feed, other chings are added either coguard the feed, orto make food for Man-kind, or for other ules; {o alfo in Eggs other things are found befides therrue feed. Which does even hereby appear, That che Eggs which che Fens lay unceodden by the Cock have al that fis food in Egos, yet are chey untruitful becaufe they want the feed ofthe male. Which hap- wens alfoin Infects. Al female Silkworms without difference yield Eggs : bur {uch as have mot coupled withthe male al cheir Eggs or feedsare unfruitful. Yee this difference there is betwixt che feeds of Plants and Eggs, chat of chofe things which are added co the crue feed, the Plant isneicher formed, nor nourifhed, nor augmented ; but the feed draws nourifhmentco ‘ac {elf out of che ground, fave chat (as wasfaidbefore in Chap. 8.) the firft rudiments of the tender Plant do draw cheix Nucrimenc out of fome parr of the Pulp; bus Eggs, becaufe without the Womband out of che Earth, they become a perfect Animal, and the feed ¢ of which at firft che Chick is formed ) is covered witha fhel thar 1t can draw norhing from with- ‘out: inthe Egg there lies already fomuch macter as may fuffice to perfect the Chick til {uch time as icis hatched.
The Obje- Secondly, Foban. Gallego dela Serna, Lib. 3. de princip. fem. cap. 5. promifes that he
saad wil prove thac the Seed 1s only a material principle of Generation, chat no man unlefs. woaGalle- te be blockifh and ftubborn, wil hereafter dare to deny thefame, Buche performs not his
0, ed ¥ ae ie. é Pin, what Bceat Pcomites, and thofe are fleight Arguments which he brings. For in the firft place he
fenjtebe (aies chac the Seed‘is much more imperfect chan che Generaror, and rhe yong one to be genes
feed is, gated. Fercitisacercain Excrement ofthe Generator. fuclanf{wer, That che feed alfo mare I ihe = , . ° :
perf. of Plants which he grants to be animated, is more imperfect than the Generator and che Plancs perfcel e
genecaced therefrom, not becaufe ic bath no foul, bue becaufe ic hath no formed Organs
ofthem, and chey are fabricated by the Soulicfelf Butchac che Seed fhould be only an Ex- crement was belore retuced.
watr
3
Ch A find fost foul 6 wit! vil l pes chert hich fedtio che Bi Plant ons! 45008 1 Plant. che fa Thi Cap. exilt ¥ 1 fhould ought | for the) before ations by te which i dionl ale (WU, dy of the le no oti foul i 0 (he | Own bo telrus ct foer th itdiaws B eagche lomucha # ‘inthe Hsp ' ings fo B tis B rbe the OB ive, Bout q ily ( a Duel, tht they MF es ; | the one 1 Me other
a
NV. thay nay | Hn of bane tthe JL Noite nor th ry) pele» ‘tak Uttom J (Uch UY ches C tfom 0m the » Por leed ig 10 pals Mal, ag female Into the § which that the eprelent € Womly le yoop J inal co
renecel hich ioe Fully, Chicken ul Hea, Egos do bspior fi arkind, |
nich does
ve al that hich bap» chashave f e there 18 eed the fhmentto IE eng of the s beau feed (at ‘om with ici uch i
(es that be} outils e ays noc . ft pact bf ; of peo (eed 0} jhe Pla ued Oe Plato lyn
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Chap. 9. . Of the Generation of Animals in General, ¢5°c. B07 Again, He conceits chac,che vircue of che fame fort cannot be received in a. matter of a di= ftinétforr. Bucsche form of che feed differs from the form of any Individual of whac {orc foever. Buche does-noc rightly underftand che nature of Seeds True indeed it is the foul cannot perfift in a perfect manner, nor laft long fave in a body fic for it, and furnithed wich fuch Organsas ig hath need of, but chac ic cannot be propagated by a different body, viz. the feed, and abide cherein fo long ci] it have generated and buils a Body for ic felf, ex~ perience it felf teachesthac co be falfe, and he himfelf granted as much before in Plants, For chere is indeed one foul im the feed, and in che Animal ingendred thereby : but yer thac which is inthe Anunal differs not: from thacin che feed, favein che accomodation and pets fection of Organs. Verily neicher che feeds of Plants, nor the Bulbs, norche Rootes, nor - the Branches(if you confider the perfection of Organs) are of the fame condition with perfect Plants, forexample fake, the feed and bulb of an Onion after a fore is noc a perfect Oni- on ; the feed of Poppy after a fore is not an entice Poppy Plant; che Branch ofa Pear Tree isnot a perfect Pear Tree : yet in all chefe chere is the perfect foul belonging co chae fort of Planc. Nox is che matter in che feed and that in che young one of a different but of one and the fame fore. ' Thitdly, Gallego does alfo very much urge this Argument, 1. de princip. Generat. Lib, 2. the © Cap. 18. when a ching is by Nature & Acc fo made for fome other thing chac che latter. cannor “#704 exift wichouc the former, t¢ muft needs be that that which is made for che neceflicy of anocher eee fhould go before t¢ in time. But che matte and al ics difpoficions are for the form: Ergo they ought so precede the fameintime. | For che form fhould never be united to che matter fave for the Inftcumental actions; Brgo the Organs and neceflary Inftcuments oughe co precede before che Introduction of the form, and the whol preparation of che matter neceffary for the actions. of che foul cannot any waies be made by the fame form whofe actions chey ace, buc by che Agent to which the who) work of Generation is committed. For co che fame Agent to which it belongs to Inccodlice the form into the new matter, ic belongs alfo betore its lntrodu- ction fo to prepate che matter that by no means it can be received in another, nor the matter at felfcan receive che active form. But both che Major fimply caken and the Minor are un- crue, andthe proofthereofisifalfe. That che Minorisfalfe, both the formation of the Ro- dy of Plants, and Nutrition and Augmentation of Animals do teach. For firft ofall, when the feed of a Plant is caft into the Earth, ‘ora Branch or Root or Bulbis {ec therein there ig no other Agent which can firft form che Body and Inftcuments fic for che foul, bur the foul in the Seed, Bulb or Branch, does ficft form the Roots, by which is draws out of che Earchconvenient matter to form a body fic for ie felf, and of it forms the parts of its own body. Why then fhould not the {ame thing be done in Animals? Yea che thing ic felf tels us thac the fame isdones For the feed being teceived into the Womb, the Soul fir forms the Membranes in which che feed is included, and then che umbilical Veffels by which it draws blood neceflary co form the body withall. Which thing alfo Eggs do teftifie, which being cherifhed by any heat whatfoever Birds are thence produced. Whereno cau(e can be ‘fo much as imagined which dhould fic the matter to receive che foul fave che foul ic felf which as inthe Ege. Again, The proof of che Minor is falfe, which builds upon that never granted Hypothefis, that after che ultimate difpofition ofthe matter chen the foul is educed and Springs forth. This indeed is rue, thac al che organization (ashe phrafesis ) is forahe form, chat is Co fay, chat the form may have fic Inftruments whereby co act; but chac the foul could not nd there in its firft act before it can perfectly operace by the Organs can no waies b proved. Fourthly, Ochers object that if che feed of an Animal ( for example of an Horfe ) hath actually the foul in ic, she feed of an Horfe isan Horfe 3 fince che form ofa ching being fup- poted, three things are fuppofed, the Effence of chas ching, che Name, and the Operation thereof. But here isno confequence at all, We grant indeed that the Effence of a ching does chiefly depend upon the Soul, and confequently the denomination, and chat from it the operations flow: yecche foul is not the whol ching, buca pact chereof. And therefore the other part being wanting, viz. che organical body, che foul cannot be called an Animal, Fifcly, Some do Glory in this Argument, via chat it is a metaphyfical Principle, chat the fame thing cannot beac once actually and potentially. Since therefore che feed is po- Peete tencially an Anima), ic cannot be actually an Animal. But there is no ftrengtb in chis Argu- eb bie er ment. Fornotto difpute in this place of che genuine fence of that metaphyfical Axiom; fince che fame thing in divers refpects may be faid co be both actually and potentially; I
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~ Yearned Thomas Fienws (aid from Plato's Charmides ; it asnotco be regarded what any man faies, but whether he {peaks true or not. ‘Again faving che Authority of Ariffotle, che ‘moft renowned Cafparus Hofmannus bath wel written, as before we hinced more than once; In tratt. deformarum Origine, vat.2. Ariftotle hath fo often faid chat the feed is an Act, chat ic is che parc of a very unskilful Perfon courge only thote places where he {ates it is pa- cential. For {eeing (as was faid before ) that which movesis actually, but the animated feed attually moves, certainly che teed muft have a certain: act which movese « This act as that fame beginning of Generation and ‘Motion Cas Ariftotle calsat ) 1. de Generat. An. cap.2. and the beginning of the fhape which turns the Comrfes into its own likenefs. 1. de gener. animal. cap. 20. Go 4. de Gen. cap. 1. ¥.de part. animalcap.1. And \eft any fhould feign I know not what fpermatick Principle (of which we tpake cap. 5.) different from the Soul, he rerms this Principle, a member or part of the Animal, vobicbisimmediately in the Seed, 2.deven. anim. cap. 1. Aud whereas.Ariffotle fomcimes faies, chat the feed is porens tially aaunaced; chis he therefore faid, as Scaliger wel obferves Hxercit. 6. fett. 7. not be- caule i: needs another fubftance co draw forth and perfect che fame (for fo ic were but begun} bur becaufe ic wants periect Inftruments which are in its power comake. Which alfo-Za- barellaheld, who (de ‘Mente bumana ‘cap. 9..) exprefly writes, thacthe Seed hath a Soul pocentially, becauie its foul does not yet work by ics proper Organs. \ Sixcly, They fay 1f che Soul frames tts own Manfion houfe, ¢ as is aflerced), Why does at not pretently frame the fame in che femitiary Veilels? Buclet chemtelus, why the Soul of a Dog does not fee in rhe Dogs Tail, nor produce Seed, nor form a:Body in the fame place. For where che Place and Organ as wanting, chereino Operation can be perfore med. ; wher ig DEVenthly, They fay if the feed is actually animated, why ds there no nutrition difcerned she mo therein, which ische moft common action of che Soul ? But ic is denied chat nutrition is common the moft common action of the foul, for vivificacion is its moft common action. For Nurrie «ition of tion belongs only co the Body already formed, and when Nutrimencisachand. Henceche the fore feed of Barly, Wheat, or other Grain lives in the Granary, which Fobannes Gallego does grant, bucic isnot nourifhed, becaufe ic is not in a convenient place wherein ic may beche- rifhed and receive aliment. ; whetber Kighcthly, They object if the feed be animated and both the Parents contribute che fame, sd € the foul wil bea chingcompounded of the foul of the Father, and the foul of che Mother. * But mixtion and compoficion as hath formerly been faid does-only belong to things of diffe- rent forts ; but if chingsjoyn which are of che felf fame fore there isno compofition; nor is the fire which arifes from many flames united. called compound : and the example of Palmes was formerly alleadged out of Scaliger. Andthat example alfo Fort. Licetus ( de perfetta conftitutione hominis in utero chap. 8. ) alleadges 3 that by ingrafcing when a branch is put anto the trunk of a Tree, cwo and iomcimes more fouls dojzoyn, and yet the Tree is but one, and hath but onefoul. Whence that fals copround which fome do urge couching che Com-
tigration of cwo Effences, and the fubfiftence of cwo Effences.in one, whichthey‘coune 7
ablurd. For all thefe chings are crue only. of compleat) Effences and which can fub-
fift of chemfelves. but noe of chofe which are ordained tco.make up che perfection of one ©
thing. vi berber Ninthly, Whereas they coupt ic abfurd chat many fouls fhould proceedfrom one Parent, adh veg and thac che Parent inevery cime of copulation-fhould lofe a part of bis foul, all chis pro- zien loofes C&eds from their ignorance of che nature of the foul. The foul (as hath been faid before bath any of bis 2 parts properly focalled, and ic is deprived of no part thereof, but remaining ftil che fame foul: does vanioufly:mulciply it felf. .Forthough one Tree in one Summer do produce a thou-
fand Applesjyandeach Apple hath fundry feeds, and out of each of them a like Apple-cree | |
wil grow : yer the foul of che Apple-tree is/nor diminifhed but remains totally che fame.
And the fame bolds in‘Animals. And thereforeicismore decenc co fearch and admire the -»
wonderful works of God than to calumniace the fame. And,all chofe abfurdicies which are objected againft che wonderful work of Generation are nothing buc difparagements of the works of God proceeding from Ignorance. .
Finaliy, Thacthe feed is animated, Thomas Fienus does (de format. fart. queft. 5.) thus impugn ; Neither the Blood (faies he) nor che Spirits aré animated): ergo, not the Seed. He proves che Confequence becaufechey ate produced in parts much more noble than the Stones are, viz. inthe Hearc, the Brain, che Liver, which if they could norimparc the foul.co the Blood and Spirits, neither can the ftones. But che Principal parts have cheic’
dignity. And, therefore jalthough che Liver, Heart, Brain, do generace Blood and Spi- FCS §
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Chap. ro. Of the Propagation of the humane Soul. 809 rite: yer for the Generation of Animals che ftones have a peculiar feed-making faculty, fuch as no other parts have, chat of the blood and {pirits bred in other parts chey may form a peculiar matter which is che fic fubject for che foul to be propagated in, which is termed Seed, which is much more excellent than the Blood fince 1c is the fruit of an Animal, and
che Blood is only the nurrimene.
—
Chap. 10. Of the Propagation of the Flumane Soul.
\ Nd hitherto we bave demonftrared by firm reafons (as I conceive) that Planes and bruiie
i Animals ate generated by Seed which hath a Soul in it communicated frem che Gene= rator; which lying hidinthe Seed forms it felf a fic Manfion‘houfe according co the kind of Plant or Animal from whence itcame, Ic remains chat’ we {peak of che Generation of Man, Divers concerning which Authors are of divers Opinions. Some had rather fufpend rheir Judg- Opinions ments than determine any thing in fo difficulc a matter. Others hold chat as the Body, {0 ‘ouching the Soul of Man is propagated from the Parents intothe Children by vercue of che Divine ai eee Benediction, Ochers conceive that new Souls are created for every perfon by God, and ine ¢,,; ae fuied into their Bodies after they ace formed, andfochey afcribe the production of Souls szan. immediately to God. As co the firft Opinion, I acknowledg indeed the difficulty of the mat- . The prez ter, and I confefg that ic is here dangerous to determine any thing. Howbeir fince in matters P%fftion of difficule *cis praife- worchy to do a mans endeavor, and we ought co labor with al our mighe yo" 7 to know the Truth, fecting afide the firft Opinion we thal examine and weighthe cwo latter. ,,, fe! And in the firft place I am not indeed ignorant what Priviledges the Soul of Man hath, viz. jad of bus Toit alone immortality is granted by Gad, which is denied to the Beafts, and ic alone fhal wane fouls be partaker of eternal blefledne(s. Buc whether the Propagation thereof by the Seed can derogate any thing from this Prerogative of Mans Soul isa queftion, Nor would I Ccruly) hereabouts hatefully contend with any man, buc Ll allow every man to abound in his own fence, and to enjoy hisown Underftanding; bucif Imay {peak my own mind, there are three things which liemeinhand coprove. Firft char it i¢ more probable and Iikely chat the Soul of Man is propagated from his Parents by vertue of the Divine Benediction. | The Second ts, That wherhec we hold the Soul co be created and infufed, or ro be propapared and traduced fromthe Parents; yet neverthelefs we muft bold‘that che Soul is prefent in che Seed at che ficft conception, and when che feed of the Father and Morher are joyned together in the Womb and retrained, and as foon as ever the work of fhaping the Body begins, and thac no ocher efficient Caufe can be affigned which performs the work of Conformation, fa- ving che Humane Soulit felf. Thirdly, though [know preat Authors differ in chis point , yec (af feccing afide Authority, Reafon fhagbe only conlidered) I thaldemonftrate, Thae {carce any folid Reaton can be brought againft the Propagation of che Humane Soul by che Seed. And whereas this point is difpuced both wich Philofophical and Theological Rea fons, I thal not put my Sickle tnro other Mens Corn, bus ule only Philofophical Arguments, And tt any man wil defend che other Opinion by Theological Reafons it concerns him co fee and fhew how thefe Arguments may be aniwered. Which if he thal do I wil nox be wilful in defending mine own Opinion, but fhal willingly follow him chat fhews meberter. Inche mean time, and til that be done, as far as lam ableto judg inthis darknefs and weaknefs ‘of Humane Underftanding Ecannot think otherwife. Buc I give orhers free leave co chink otherwile. “For J defire nocco bea Dictator, but only co piopound my Opinion as wel as otbers do theits.
Now thet che Son} is propagated from the Parents into the Children by the Seed is firft The Hae hereby proved, tn that (as was {aid before) hkebegetsics hike. Which 4riffotle evidently “7 few! thews, 2.de Anima, chap.4. text. 34. where he thus fpeaks: “Ibis Operation is of all a Tate others moft natural to living ibings ; Imeantofuch living things as are perfett, not mai- rhe chile med, and which are not born without feed: every ibing I fay to beget another like it felf, an dren by Animalan Animal, a Plant a Plant, that thus they may continue alvvaies, and attain as the feeds much as may be aDivine Condition. Yor {ince God made every thing in its kind perfect, buc Man moft perfect of al; verily he could nor be called perfect, but fhould according to Ariftotle be reckoned amonpft maimed things if ke could not beget amocher like himfelf, and thacintire. And therefore both according to Philofophers and Divines, Man ingendeis Man, and che whol Manan whol Man, which could not be it che Generator did not communicare the Soul. For fince a Man confifts of Body and Soul, if che Sonl fhould not be communica-
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ted by the Parents, a Man fhould not engender aMan. Alfo chat aMan communicates his foul co his Child is aleogecher agreeable co the holy Scriptures. For God, Gen. 1.18. faid to Man (as wel as other Creacures) when heblefledhim, Encreafe ye and multiply : by vertue of which Benediction che whol Man ingenders an whol Mans which could nor be if the Soul were infufed from without. Of which more largely in Chap, 11. For whag ever pertains co che Effencial Incegricy of a Man that is propagared by Generation. But noe only che Body, but che Soul pertains to the Integrity or entire being of aMan. And theres fore the Sou) alfo is propagated-by Generation. Whence alfo Damajcen, Lib, 4. de Ortho» doxa fide, cap.7. defines Generation to be the Procreation of an Individual of like {ub- ftance by the Copulation ofa Man anda Woman. — Nor is the beginning of che Soul of Man to be fetched from Creation. Forevery thing thar is created is not immortal, Yea, rather whatever is. creaced is of it {elf morcal. And that fome things are morcal, others immortal}, proceeds not from the condition of Nature, but from the moft free pood pleafure of God; who created what he pleafed, when he pleafed, and how he pleafed. And {uch isthe N ature of Man, as God would have ic co be; and icis fo propagated, retaining its Effence given by God, even as he pleafed.
But lec every man hold here as he pleafes, and lec him beleeve that the foul is infuled o¢
The bu-
mane foul propagated: yet chisCtn the fecond place) I conceive to be moft certain, [hae ché Soul js -
ue hire prefenc immediately upon che firft Conception as {oon as the feed of the Man and Woman ate
ginning of joyned and retained inche Mochers Womb, and che bod y begins ro be thaped ; and he chac theCon- boldsthe contrary, whether he ftand for the Propagation,ar for the Infufton of che Soul, he ception. isin anExcor. For there are in the ficft place fome of them who hold that the Rational
Soul is noc mmediately created and infufed by God, but propagated from the Parents, who
The by- notwithftanding flip back into that vulgar Opinion of the Schoo]-men concerning the Eduéti~ -
sears oe on of Forms, and bold, That the Soul doesnot at firft lie hid in the Seed actually, but only
ae of Potentially, and when che feed is fomwhac wrought, and the members of che body are in the power {ome meafure delineated, that chen ac laft by che formative faculty inberent in che feed che of the — Soul iseduced out of the power of the matter excited and kindled, {0 chat whereas easier. — before it only lay hid potentially, now icbegins actually cabe, co live, and co inform its body. But all which hath been formerly alleadged, Chap. 4. and 5. apainft the Edudtion of Forms out of che power of matcer and the formative Principle inthe feed do. make alfo a« gainft this Opinion, which it is needlefs to repeat in this place ; only Ithink fit co produce here what is alleadged by Balthazar Meifnerus, inPhilofoph. fobr. part. 1. Seid. 3. cap. 6. quaft.t- Andto omit his other Theological Reafons which he brings, many Inconveniencies and abfurdicies follow from this Opinion. For in the firft place an accident, viz. The fore mative power which is inthe fecond rank of Qualities fhould produce fo noble and excelleng a fubftance, which is abfurd... Secondly, the formative faculty fhould be without a fub- ge. Forthe Prolifick Faculey is noc a faculey of che feed, bur of che foul. And chere- fore where chere is no foul rhere can be no prolifick faculty unlefs we would have an accident to be withoucusfubject. Again, chisfaculcy in che feed is either corruptible, ornor. If you fay it is nor, then the feed being corrupted either ic paffes into che foul newly produced, ‘or elfecofome other place. But neither of chefecanbe. Nos che former, becaufe che pow- ers inherent in che foul are produced thereby, but do not produce it. How abfurd were it therefore to fay that che formative faculcy does firft raife che Soul oucof che feed, and af- cerwards infinuate it {elf chereinto, and flow therefrom ?. Noc che latter, becaufe either ic would go away by it felf, or pafs inco another fubjeét. The former is contrapy co the Na- cure of accidents which do not fubfift {eparared: and the latter is improbable, becaufe no fubject can be named to which ic mixes icfelf.. Therefore thac Formative Faculty muft needs be corruptible 5 which being granced, it follows chac che Soul it felf is cor- ruptible and mortal : for an incorruptible ching cannot be generated out of 4 core ruptible. ) . But chofe who hold che Creation and Infufion of che Soul do al of chem conceive that the Soul is not infuled at.che ficft Conception, bur when the body is formed. But they who feccing afide Authority and anticipated Cpinions are willing diligenrly co weigh and confider the matter it felf, cannoc orherwife hold chanthat the {oul of man is pre- os fou! fent immediately after che ficft Conception, and as {oon asa Mans body begins to be formed, PA hdaras And for the proof thereof I wil ufe the fame Argument which formerly 1 ufed in general co Where ever the operations of the Humane
at the firft Prove the prefence of the Soul in the Seed. viz. Conception, SOU are, there chat mutt of neceffity beprefent.. But ac che firft Conception the operations : of
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Chap. 10. Of the Propagation of the Fumane Soul. of che Humane Soulare forchwith prefent : ergo che Humene Soul is there alfo. Now thefe Operations ace firft che formation of the membranes whichinfold che Child, and af- cerward the fhaping of che Child it felf, which ( as afterwards fhal be faid)) begins ac che firft Conception. Afcerward the augmentation of the Childiefelf. For fure icisy as (oon as che parts of che Child are delineated chey beginto grow. But in growing the Soul is com- municated co the parts which are added corthe Body. Therefore alfo in the firft augmenca- sion the parts which accrew muft needs beanimated. And abfurd it wete chac che child being bora fhould be augmented by one Soul, and in che Womb by another. The moft renowned Thomas Pienus, Profetlor of Phyfick in che Univesfity of Lovaine, The o- wasmoved (de form. fact. quaft.8. Concluf, 11.) by che force (doubrlefs) af chis Argumene 274/47 of co diffent from al chofe who hold the foul tobe infufed, and chac noc cil aboue che forciech ¢./°™4 day after Conception, and cohold that the Rational Sout is infufed the chird ‘day alter che boctiie Conception ofthe Seed: which he proves by thefe Arguments.) Firft, Thac which thapes ibe pre- the child fhapesthe membranes 5 bur chat which fhapes che membranes ought co be che thicd fence of day in che Seed. Therefore the Rational Soul ought co be abous che third day in che Seed, #¢ fou inn For that which fhapes che membranes ought co be in the feed before they be fhaped, or ac che aye i {ame time when they begin to be fhaped 3 fince every Efficient Caufe is in’ time before, or rye ¢,,,, together with the Effect, Butthe membranes are fhaped at the furcheft oa che fife or fixt of the day. Therefore they begin tobe fhaped on the third day as Jeaft ; and therefore che Ra- child is cional Soul ought co be in che feed at feaft onthe third day.’ Forctwoor three daies at jeaft the womb feem requifite co perfect the fame; fince they have a ftructure artificial enough, and liccle mild bah, Veins and Arteries running through their fubftance which cannot be formed in a moment of 7?” time. Now thac what forms the Child does alfo form the membranes, he thus proves: Beings are not rafhly aad without necefficy to be multiplied. Now one'and che fame foul can pertorm al che Conformation which isrequifite coche feed. Fora} parcs are begun at one and he fame rimerhough al do nor fo *> yn appear perfect. Andtherefore more chan one Soul co fhape is needleis. Nor can ans Sther'ioul or vertue be affigued’ which mighc form thefe membranes fave the Rational Soul in the feed, which'in quaft. 8. he provesat Jarge. Yea, and he further fhews that ic is che Office of the fame formative faculcy which makes the child tomakechemembranesalfo. For in the firft place’ che membranes are fhaped for the childs fake, and the Seed is covered with chem left it fhould be defiled by the filth of the Womb, and the Menftrual blood, left rhe feed fhould run about and flip our of the Womb, and chac che {pirics checein might noc exhale, Secondly, the Membranes are formed of the fame matter chat che child ts formed of, vize ofthe feed, and confequenitly ofthe fame for- mativeFaculty. Thirdly, the membranes live, ergo are formed by che fame foul where- with they live. Fourthly, the Navel Veffels ace formed by the fame caufe the child is for~ med by 3 ergo themembranesalfo. For the Membranes ought fitly co be joyned co the Na- vel Veflels, and che Navel Veffels ought co becloached by them, and co perforate and go through them. © Buc chat union and connexion cannot be made by different formative facul- ties. Andridicujousit wereto think chat che membranes are not made by any formative fa- culry,buc are only bred by che heat of the wombas the cruft of a Loaf by the Ovens hear, and the skinupon milk by theheat of the fire. For the generation of che membranes and cheir con-= junction and connexion with che Navel Veflels is far more artificial than chacic can be cau {ed only by the drying of the fire; nor is ic made by neceflicy of che matter, but ic is {pecial- cially intended by Nature, as withouc which there could be no Child made of the Seed, o Nowthac che Membranes are made the fife or fixe day, Experience it {elf, and che obfetva- Tbe mem- tion of Phyfitians does witnefs ; as appears from Hippocrates, Lib. de Natura pueri,where "anes are he {peaks of che dancing Wench who caft a Conception ouc of her Womb the fixt day after cane He it was conceived being covered with a Membrane; Galen, 1. de fom. cap. 4. where he writes 4, ie iE chat frequently chree or four daies after Conception the feed 1¢ felf comes away covered with ginzing of a Coat: And Macrobius, in fom. Scipionis, Lib. 1. cap. 6. and al obfervations of later Phy-= tbeconcep- fitians confirm thefame.s Secondly, he proves che fame hereby, becaufe zowards the Incro- 4%:
duction of the Soul ¢ he fpeaks according to hisown fuppofition, or elfe he would have faid
propagation ) there needs no other action then that feeds thould be mixed in the womb by the vertue and heat thereof, and be chere fermented and actuated. And co fuch a mixture fer- mentation and actuation there needs no long delay of rime. For Nature (truly) isnoc idle amoment, but begins co work asfoon asthe feed is conceived. And when the laft difpofi- tions (he {peaks again according to his own Hypothefis) are induced co the Introduction of
| Q2 che
nC RE Se EOE + nese aN é
Se oe er — iy | B12 Natural-P bilofophical Difcourfess Boox IY. ) Ch the Soul, chere is no further need of any. other great alteration or élaboration thereof in the foth
Womb, Whichhe proves by the exampleot che Seeds of Plants upon which the ulrimare
difpofitions are'{o imprinted thac often of theic, own accord they Degin to fprouc on the boar= | | reall
_ ded floors wherethey lie, , ) I foie Touching which Opinion of that moft learned Man that I may give my fence; be Wwric -
moft diligently and accurately above al otherstouching chis matters and letting alide Autho- add
he freely and ingenuowfly propounded bis own Opinion, and re |
ifion
cerning the {ons, and for the moft pare held checcuth.,. bor ym che fieft, Concln
het That the conformative faculty: 1s in che Seed,.and chat. ic is intrinfecal chereunto$ i. the Qnipt nih fourth, That the Native heagisnoc the, principal ellicient, caule, of Contormation: ‘in the fied) Wi! po fift, Thar the Generative Faculty of the Parentsis nor the eficient caule of the conformation bles. i pg x changing of: theteed in the Womb; in che pinch, That.the Rational Soul is che:farit ‘and than!
.f
t i oe q . gs J z Fa OM? Pie ee a“ a al ry ey Cs rave ss rine , nD Val = erry only Soulin.the Seed, and shat no ochex does precede the dame 5 15 che centh, ° That che Ri. nes f = > ‘ . $12.5 y { pee iy eee = Aa , Eee “pe pag ; : r rg ae pas a ek ¢ ih tional Soulan Manidoes fhapeitsown body, and,give the fame sts, fort; in the eleventh, inci.
Mh ety That the Rationa} Soul is prefenr about the chied day after Conception. * And thus from the “og 0 re formationiof the Clild:be pexcewved evidently.and.cleerly, that she whol formation theredt robe bil was begun, cansinutd, and perfectly accomplifhed by one apd che fametoul about che ciicti but
Hf day, yeasin theend of che iégond, or rather: (AinceNature.ss nota moment idle) asfoomas | pyri Pas. ever the feeds ace mixed in the Womb,. -Whichis. aching fo manifeit chat al wHo hold the chem vu contrary mutt needs tal inco moft abfusd Opamans. See
Mf i wherein. But fince even before the chirdday (as we fhalfhew at
- &
ett
rat S|
rf Mist coimes Moreover, his Arguments do only prove, Tinat the Rational Soul of aman is prefent foon af-
it ae jeer. cer che beginning of Formation :: but they donot proves ‘Liat the Soul ofa Mah isaboucthe | i. Re chitd day infufed, or rather (as he phrazesat) ingreated by (apd, For although icbe fuffici= | 44, Hw ently demonftraced, hac che Rational Soul of a Man & prelg }at the beginning of che fhapinp
lal ibaa dar Mieke : Wied Fienus no Argumentsnor Reafons for hisOpinion, and. his ott ih ge ” bisalfe from my Opinion, viz. Thefixc, Phat the Soul of the Seed isnot the efficient Caufe of
comes intotheeed after Gonception ; alchefe I fay {pring from that Hypothefis, viz. Thar chée Rational isinfufed by God: -had itnoc been for which he weuld doubtlefs havé acknow- | ledged che prefence of the Soul inthe Seed... Which Hypothelis neve thelefs is buile upon
, Authorities and no fouod Reafon, as faal hereafter appear 5..not do the Patrons thereof
bring any {ubftantial proof for ir, buc.only fly to that of Fufius Lipfius, who when | sadn
ij J
Chib, 3. Phyftolog. Stoic. ¢ap.7-) be bad.produced the Authority of Tertullian and many | }
var fA es “ ; Prt ' . A ?'y hi oi = peli / } Uae Latinesywhobeld chat the Soul was-bred in the feed, and did not enter into the fame, and | / 2
had prailed Gregory Nyffen; whofaid none in his witscould chink that the original of the f°,“
sbich miobt be maintained, bad not the Church the purer fort of Dywines aoreed to beleeve & 2 I o
>: ewe
one would bring t reafoniof this.diverfity €viz. Fbat che {fouls of Bruits are propagated with jf © the feed, andnot of Men_). Lrefer char man to the Omnipotency of the Creator, who gives tog} i
at!
——
°
! number, order, and certain limics, Buc the Queftionis not here what God cay do, yea, and || Date - whathehathdone. Bat itisonly pre-{uppoied and not proved, that God wil not have che jf Mek . Soul of Man propagated by feed; nor if chat were held,dces it import any abfurdity 5 which} tie does even by that appear which he afterwatdsadds Bur.nothing hindred af che Creator bad | lh
{a , i WV a
Haley and | Uilledy GN
Nation of \
i
‘ype
tion a
scien aa amaaareimeneneaetaiaiammetnetinemeiammetenanme eee
> Flumane Saul Peay ¥ bey) See w bY, >) Bow
KS i | ee
tat te peel oo TRAE hadaead thok a cthe Soulof Manan pt c - have been {o faftened fOCHe eed thal, if aio is Rema ae artevcne Ty se ain asic were 10 particular perians, Buc t{o pleated che Crearor, novare there any fui=
fothoughs fit, burch right be tr reque ntly Hult iplied and born
bes
t 3 i A ‘ = larhy proc cuced G0 Prove, :
re 2 t 2 q danorn orien) -
B* hy - @ Hy
ficient reafons to prove, that God would not have ic fo. ‘Marcus Marci qj Y er ws iC Was Inconvenienc that a Ma
yhe was created, the omnipotent goodneis al gfend only co adorn this w us and ‘becaufe chrouga id Gace in Vay het hey diffule chemfelves in- ling g anothers thas variety may be mreieciel Buc the fou) of Man ly adot cemporaty Scene of.che i¢ World, bur is co-hew with rhe bleffed e Eternal We orldfo, ocome: Vhence of neceflity (che act of this lite being fni- ; ermal Life which wal m ake ac either happy or mifera-~
in vals the fame at che refurrecticn of the body edof God. But iconceive chefe reafons are net of fufficient weigher, cion.of the humanesoul by the Seed make it incapable ofa Vial. i “a low chat there fhould be one foul of a] either yr be bimifeligrants ths ths Ci eator coul ld have caufed the humane {oul e holy Scriptures thew that Gad nor on ly co uld, (od meatal: chat not only, other Animals
ry
GQ
ns
honld behappy- and
5 but oa have.it fo whent
ren the 1 chat a a ; é : a Man alfo thould beget his like, and muliply bimfelf into Individuals ; ; and the actions ehelelve which appear i feed. and reafons fore-alleadg ale do prove. chat feveral jividual perfons have ch 1 being wmmiercal fhal neither be abce
‘ied afcer death, nor fhal grawanto.one, bu each ac che laft ne fhal be Pe ie £o its
Body. And if (as T hinted be apis ed men who have written of the for- | The (hae mation of the yotig one had | fouebe che caufe of theformation ofa ke body, not in Man fing bof ‘ as being coo narrew a fubjedr, but fo generalinal We ete ds, Plants, and Animals, che n paps hadinore eaGly fou nih shies che et Fox when ( Queft. 5.) Gienys was necellicated 0 16 aft fj» prant chat che feed of Plants is animated he ought.in che ne xi place to RANE enans d how tc ving
&
is with che feed of Bruits whet ein is che ecaule ¢ che things. nation of an animate by. : prefent el afcer. Conception ismade. (and he folidly proves ¢ | formation but the fou), and the foukoF Bruits is noc anfufed from Heaven) he might haveeafily collected both that chefeed of Bruits 1s animated, and that che foul there Caute ofthe Conformation of ‘the body. Bue feeing thofe things which he objects canine che prefence of the Hut mane $ Soul in the Seed do alfo.oppofe chat of the feed of Bruics, he oupheco have confidered bow they thould be Antiwereds. Fo
rif he nad done this he would ealily have (een how thole carts ts which are Obie ed again
bc
it is animated or n not, and what che And fance be himfelf PAY ha ei
2 We + {; 16ré i$ NO GlHer Ccauie ¥
refence of the Humane
Soul in che teed migl ht have been a an{wered.. One! thin g aay had remained forhim coen : } oi ry 2 5 { 4 np ~ } os hin
quire into, viz. W ‘hechet in the poe of propaes ion the I neg pe> =k * pie : ae A. va Vi ° culiar co ic (elf, which che bruit Animals ; embers ; : Nay ae Ws " BaD hs ee 22 AC A RY | Ree ps (which himfelf makes an atgument of the 1s not onthe cbird day,
ar ci uon, he ought ¢o y that formacion fhould
Lrguchents of Fienus prove t _ Henus C feeing a5 ue gtants, INAUTC OC idie @ MOMENT, Di es not onceived and: the op egin to be echarael in pr ove that
: ry cin 5 Wa ihe Soul is
4 anda as G 7QLH OAH 2 T.4e (ei. g : 7 ae J “E° not in the by fr
[ MER Drane.gnGthe ¢c. iEG iD & wu! BEN alae KAAS Seed i before
rn
4,three or four d Membr aves (asB y thar che foul was p ele ent b efare-tie third day,and had beau ecco er
ays The oblervations of Aborcions do conclude che fame. Hippderak wricesthat he faw.a¢ Conception retained fix dates in ch he Wemb,and tben a ame thusecmalified, asifa man fhould take off rhe outward t bard fhel from sumor contained with in might be diricerned abhor che thin skin. jcound. Alfochere were fee
hig tye a
dete ener 4 A - we = 7) = oS T ~ 2. = cc
t See SU Le WMmacion. oF che day. de
Manner was Chat liquor difpot fed. and it wasmorever redanc
white & thin fibres contained inthe Membrane, with axed thick bloady water; ae the Wer brane it felfon che outfide was died with blood refembling the ie of Bicha ashave fained faces.- Inthe midft whereof there was a certain {mal extane which feemed co me to be the
Navil, firft breathed therethrough, and from hanes was ra wn a “Membrane which
and chat ic
>
504 which imbraced the whol feed. And the {2
he Conception hath upon the feventh day all thac it becomes the Body to have; and char an Abortion made at this time being put into water does fhew to him thar fhal diligently view all chings che rudiments ofall the parts of che Body. In like manner Felix Platerus writes an Quaft. med. quaft. 1. that for many years ‘he bad feen many abortions which in the firft week were juft after chat manner: Firft ofall ( faies he ) chac fame procreative faculey which Jay hid in che feed does roufe ic felf and difpofes thofe more remarkable portions of the feed which flowed from the three Principal pares of che Parents into three Bladders as ic were, {welling with {pirics, which ace Rudiments of the Brain, Hearr, and Liver, fhut up in’a {mal body: and the other portions adhering thereunto it rudely feparaces into Linibs and Meme~ bers growing thereto, whitch are commonly perfected in che ficfk week, fo thac the Embryon being at chat cime caft our by abortion, fuch a fhapelefs {mal lump made up as ic were of con- gealed feed, round and rould together, appears difhinguifhed wiilythe chree Bubbles afore- faid. Such as Hippocrates oblerved to come from that fame dancing Wench, who caufed a- bortion by her yiolent Dancing. And I my felf faw fucha kind of an Abortion like a round white Bal of che bignefs of an Hazel Nut, which came from a certain Woman who every year almoft did fuffer Abortion not many daies after fhe had conceived : and I rook ic out of che chin coat Amnios wherein it did float, and when I pulled ic afunder, I obferved three fuck like Bubbles, che lower of which exprefling a rudiment of che Liver was fomwhat pale, but not red, alfo four portions to frame the Arms and Legs,and( which was pleafant co behold ) I faw ewo very litcle black points marked out for Eyes; which as in others, fo I obferved the fame ina cerrain Gentlewoman who for two whol years togecher ( which was wonder= ful and noc heard of before ) did mifcarry every month, anc often fent me fuch an Abortion thac I might judg what it was, and I alwaies found chem after che fame manner.
‘That the ~~ Which cbings being fo, it eafily appears chat the Conformation of the Child does begin ee at che firft moment of Concepcion. Whence Macrobiusin his 1. Back in fomn. Scipionss does begin CAP. 6. writes : that Seed which after it # caft into the Womb does not came back again in prefently the fpace of feven bours is held to be a due Conception. Anda litele after : that Conception afer the webich any Woman bolds beyond feven bours ws created for life. And Ludovicus Merca- frit mo~ tus Lib. 3. de morb.e Mulier. cap. 6. writes; when the ieeds abide inche Womb, and {even Tones of hours afcer are not caft forth, if chey be conferved and regulated by che heat of the Womb, ic nee PF is ro be believed thaca. Woman hath conceived. Hence ‘Hippocrates tels us, chat the begin= Conception Ding of Canceprion is co reckoned from that day in which che feed was retained and noc mhenit be- trom the feventh day,when in his Book de genitura he fates, Ifa Woman be acquainted with gins. Child- bearing, and marks when the Seed does not come away, bur abide inher Womb, fhe
may know on whag day the conceived.
The Opi- ~~ Wich which rea(fons Fertullian(Lib.de Anima )and.wich him many of the Lacin Fathers ntors of being moved held. that aman is fowed or planted in himfelf or by bimfelf, and tvat the ert Seed 7s alive from the very heginnin And among the Greek Fathers Gregor n, a Concerning O°" : NES ig seated do lah pile liek ak Nyffen, é the forma. anima & refurrettione writes 3 no man that is wel in bis wits wil imagine that the original tion of the of fouls is later and newer than that of bodies ; fince manifeft it i, that no inanimate Child, — thing bath in it felf a povoer to move it {elf andalfoto grow. Butof yong ones conceived in the Womb there is no queftion made of their growing and encreajing; nor of their motion from Place to Place. \ It remains therefore for us to bold, that the beginning of the Conftte tution of the Soul and Body is one and the fame. And even as the Earibif it receive a Branch pluckt from the Boot, it makes thereof a ‘Tree not contributing thereto the faculty of growing, but only the matter of the groveth: fowe fay, that alfo which is pluckt from a Man ( the Seed) to fow a Man, it alfo ss after a fort an Anima), and of an animate thing an animaietbing, And moreover he faies, chacall the faculties of the Soul are che Seed, yet they liehidden ; whichin time and order rouze themtelves up, and fet themfelves on work.
Chap. a1: VV bether Like may be faid to ingender its like if the Soul
be not contmunicated with the Sced ?
Nd thus we have proved that it is moft agreeable cotruth, chatthe Soul is propagated with che Seed : Secondly ir hath been thewed, chac che Soul whether it be propagated
or infufed is prefene ac the ficft Conception, and is che Builder of its own Houfe. And they chat hold che contrary, do two things principally: Firft, they oppofe oe eee roughe
the On
Py ere rey 1 lows th Py wich ch fyed by OF Facher
fad tol Apa
prhen
9 comes)
onal$ vital Ania not pe
ceived, bare Cai
vybich Ig 14 tehach ny
fered b
Chap. its Whether Like may be faid ingenders its Like @ : brought to prove the craduction of the Soul from Father to Son » and the propagation cheré- of by che Seed. Secondly, they endeavor co bring reafons to prove che Contrary.
For inthe firft place, whereas inhagh been faid, unlefs che Parent communicare the fou!
ee) o
4 toNis Child in the Seed, like fhould not generate bts like, nor fhouldd Man Geéfierare a x7
| Man, buc an irrational Creature : many have feveral waies endeavored to anfwer chis Areu- . fie
ty ment Bbutinvain. Forimche firft place, whereas fomefay, aMan may be faid to beger his pes,
ae like, if he communicate the immediate matter fitted to receive the Souk? chac is of no mo- bis Seed be
| ment. For Matter does not {uficecoconfticute his likes And he which Goes ot give cen be faid
il | “the form of a Man, be does nor beget a Man. For a Man withouc his form ( whichis his la beget kis
ls Soul) 1s no Man. And cherefore if the Parents donot give the formofa man, they do “A:
OR not bepeca man. Yea,and ifthe Father do nor confer the soul, che Child fhculd neither
‘ have Body nor Soul from che Patent according co this Opiaion. For Ariftotle 1. de gener.
[ee animal. cap.2. 20 & 21, aud 4. de gener: animal. Cap. 4. demies that the Seed of the Father
li contribuces any part of che matrér to the Body of the Childs Which alchough Phyiitiais
nd | deny : yet thisis certain, if from the Seed any part of the Body proceeds, chat is vety licrle
ly | and only che firft lineaments of che Body ; and Ariffotle writes chat che Body is formed of
‘of the Mothers Blood, and that che Facher does rather confer che Soul, 1: de Generat. ani,
ued Cap. 20. The Male yields the form and the Principle of Motion, but the Pemale ibe Body
hut |, “and Matter, And whac we faid befcrein general of the Original of fouls, rhefame mutt be
Id) here repeated, viz. If we hold chat che foul is infufed into the Body after ic is fhaped, ft fol-
ved lows that they thac aredead do generate. For fince Generation is the union of the Soul
le | withthe Body, and according to their Opinion who hold thatthe Soul being created is in-
in | *futed by Gad, it may beinfuled upon the forctech day or later, and in che mean while the
| - Facher may die: either the Father cannoc be faid co bave begat that Child, ot He muft be
0 | faid co have begor ic afcer he was dead, The Bins
nis | Again, Some conceit chat a Man begets his Jike in refpeét of che {pecies or fort, inafmuch dees not
it | asthe end of Generation is the perfect nacure of Man, and inafmuch ag he is hot born nor onfer the
wih | comes into the Light according to the order appointed by Gad, fave witha body anda rati- “anid of onalSoul. Buc chis Anfwer tuffices nor. For if che racional Soul comes from wichout, the he Gass vical conception is not perfected into a Man, but chere is nothing ingendred fave an Icrational yetign, Animal. Nor ts che Queftion concerning the birth of a Man, buc his Generation ; whichis
tr | not performed in che birch, but in che due Conjunétion ofa Man and Woman according to int | the Ordination of God. Nor does aman only come intothe world, buca Manis alfo con- mit | ceived, as it is faid of Cain, Genef. 4. ver.1. Adam knew bis Wife and fhe conceived and bare Cain, Nor is cheir objection more ftrong bur che fame with this, who fay, thac ifthae | which isgenerated by a man is in its time perfected into aman, aman begets his ike. Forif ‘het | he bach noc his Form and Rationalicy from his Parenrs, buc from {ome athér, Like ts not ine _ gendred by 1rs like.
ae | Thicdly, Whereas fome fay that Axiom [ Every Anima] when it generates gives both the itil | - Body and Soul to its Iffue |] is cobe underftdad only of thole ious which are dtawn Out Of The Souls mate the power of the Matter, bucche rational foul is not drawn outofcthe Matrer, nor depends of &rxits aed | Upon the Body,as to its Eifence ; thac alfo is of no greatmoment, Foric is falfly and with- 4’¢ “ot ution | Out all Reafon prefuppoted, chat che fouls of Bruits are drawn out of the Power of the Mat- 474% one
pee) eee Ss aig of the po- nis | ter, and depend upon the matter as to their Effence > feeing by Virtue of the divine benedi- wer of ibe igh || tion they are propagated by the Parents co cheir yongones. Nor doesthenobilicy of oti afatiey. of | UNderftandiag both increfpedt of its Effence and Operations fhew any other, For fo ir The nobi- “nd | Pleated che Creator co affociace a moft noble fubftance tothe Body. And chereforeifa ra- 49 ofmans hing | Clonal immozrcal foul can long abide ina mortal Body, Why may ic not alfo be propagared eer aes Ged, | Wich the Seed? Which if we affirm no ablurdity wil follow, as we fhall thew here- ie ee ea | afters dation Fiftly, Some fay, aman does fo far begec hislike, inafmuch as he penerates a fenficive thereof.
) Soul, yea and che inclinations of his Parentsto Virtues and Vices, and which is more, Qxigi-
Gul bal fin alfa (they fay ) is transfuled by means of this fenficive foul from che Parents into
! the Children. But chisis only faid and not proved, cthac there is in Mana (anfitive Son} ex-
ilting of ic {elf befides che rational: And if there were, yet a man by communicating the
| fame fhould noc ingender his like. For the Effence of a man is not compleated by a fentitive
foul but bya rational. But whether Original fin in our firft Parents did ftick only in the fenfitive fou), and noc in che rational alfo, I leave coche judgment of Divines.
J = . = =
C HAP.
Boox IV.
Natural-Philofopbical Difcourfes.
Chap. 12. Whether God, or fome Formative Faculty does fhape ¢he Body of Man,
whether Oreover, fince that which prevails moft againft thofe who deny the foul to be in che God be the M feed is che Formation of che body of Man, and yet chey wil noc be content co f{ub- Canfe of mit tothe Truch, feveral men feck feveral excufes. For fince none can deny. chat fame ad- the forme- nirable ftructure of our bodies, they feverally invenc feveral Caufes to which co attribute co aiie che fame rather than to the foul immediately prefent inthe Seed. Andhere fome fly in the dy, firft place to God the firft Caufe of al things. SoAlpbon{us Caranga a Spanith Lawyer, tratt. de part. natur. & legit. cap.1. whenhe had rejected althe Caules which others pro- duce, at length he decermines the firft Canfe of the Formation of Man co be God, and the Divine Power.and Wifdom, and for bis Opinion he brings that in Pfalm 118. verfe 73. Thy Hands-bave made and fafbioned me. And that of fob, chap. 10, Thy Hands bave fafbioned me. Haft thou not poured me forth like Milk, and curdled me as Cheefe ? Thou haft cloatbed me with skin and flefh, and covered me with Bones and Sinews. But in ve~ ry ecuth the Wifdom and Power of God is tufficiently feen in the fhaping of our Bodies: buc. that is not sherefore to be accounted the immediate and fole Caule of our Conformatie one , For the fame power and wifdom is {een in the Formation of Animals, yea, and of Plants coo. _ And concerning che Lillies of the Field our Savior faies Matther 6.30. That God hath cloathed them. As therefore i¢ muft not be chence concluded, that God on- ly is che Caufe of the Formation of Plants and Animals; fo neither may we conclude chac he is che immediate Cavfe of the Body of Man. For God isnot che Phyfical Caufe, buc the firft and univerfal Caufe, not by Natural Motion, bur after an eminent and unexpreflible manner, as by his prefence he conferves al things, cherifhes them, and governs rhem in their actions. Whothoughat ficft he created che World and althacis cherein3 yer he appoin- ted Nacure which is che ordmary power of God, according tothe Fules whereof the Gene- ration of things is now perfected. That Wildom (truly) and infinice Power is primarily in the Creator; yet hath he given Power to Second Caufes co perform artificial W orks, which they alfo chemfelvesdo really accomplifh (as was fhewed before inchap.2.) And chere- fore though it cannot be denied that God concurs in this work as che firft and univerfal Caufe (of which Concurrency of God as the firft Caufe wich the fecond I {pake in the fore- faid Chapter) yet chat heis not the proper Caufe does hereby appear, an,chat- Errors do fomtimes happen in the Conformation of living Bodies ; which would nor be if God were the immediate Caufe of Conformation. For he neverertsip his ACtings. Nor could Watural Gaufes be rendred of thofe Exrors, which neverchelefs Phyfisians do render either from che faule of che Matter, or inconvemiency of the Place, or Imagination of the Mother. But the Actions of God cannot be corrupted or marred either through faulc of che Matcer, or Inconveniency of the Place, or Imagination of the
Mother. whetkera Others feek the Caufein che Seed it felf; amongft whom fome hold there is a Formative Formative Principle which fhapes the Child, and that the Parents ufe che feed asian Inffrument in pro- Principle. ducing their yong ones. But thisOpinion hath been fuflictently examined befote, and rer be tbe fuced, unlefs by che Formative Principle chey underftand che Soul ictelf. And coad chis foarte one thing more, acertain lace Writer conceits he may avoid al difficulties, if he holds chat Child in che Formacive Power does not immediately follow che Effence of che Soul, buc that by che the womb. Divine Benediction it was given tothe foul to raife upin che feed a Formative Faculty, which the Seed afterwards being fhuc up in its place does faithtully reraing and that this fa-
culey does produce a fubftance, not by its proper vertue, but by chat verrue 1: hath received |
from che Rational Soul; and chat chis Faculty when ics work 1s finifhed does remain joy- ned Co the Soul cil che yong one be grown up, and theniz pucs ix felt forch again, and infates inco rhe feed a formative vertue like it felf. |
whether
Matas , I demand, By whac form (if che feed ts not ammated) this faculty can be in che feed. Which
in the feed ? ; d ; without fince there can be none affigned chere would be an accident wichouta fubftance and fubject,
she fen Secondly, fince proprieties are only in one and chetr own fubject, this Formative power |
fhould
But chat which is wont commonly co fal out [chat hey whohbolda falie Opinion. while f any forma- Chey ftrive co {hun one abfurdity chey fal inco many | che fame hath happened here. For in | sive facul- he ficft place,’ whereas every accident requires its fubjct, and is in che fubject by irs form: |
| — } Chi fou! } Aubjet andthe ] perp wh coved acide | fom Wt | cated | expla felvesit tiie 0 not bt abilities
(
Q u {
| Hllec | 2) cor 1 ional | building | ade gen with ase | (ae | inthe pla | aguetio Foi there do one an of feeli culties | Lary ad molt ne | Reafone I it prcel Ocherr } wordiol, Soul tfc # received g | without, Since tf BD iucet wa
COnfider + Mal. fing } v2, The
i
| puitted:w ) adinig. hi / (hich we | Only Soul | thete iy’;
Mende | ations of bate of ap RS Xs ik
king an
\ |
male
dof | §,30, Mlne that st the (lle ithe pone | (tne nly which § theres ivecal fee | ors doe d were | could renee
ination
SES
either i
|
yad th
r foro
| Wil {ub
rT (i ile
u 2
Chap. 13. Whether a Man hath more Souls than one 2 517
Fouled filt be in the feed as one fubject, and after it fhould be joyned to the Soul as another fubject. Thirdly, Whereas che Formative Faculty (as by the augmentation of che body, and the regeneration of parts loft, and chiefly in Planes and Animals does appear) is a pro= per power of the Soul, ic can beno where fave where the Soul 8, and where it 13 we may firmly and demonftratively conclude that chere che Soulis. Fourthly, 1c is faid but not proved, that an accident by a vertue communicated may produce a iubftance. For no gecident can fo much as act, much lefs produce a fubftance unlefs it be directed by the Form from whence it flows, and from which i¢ hach ics power of acting, as hath been fufficiently de= clated betore in Chap. 5. concetning the feparate loftrument. But which way foever they explain this formative taculcy, uniels chey hold the foul ro be in the feed, chey involve cheni- {elves into inexplicable difficulties, For ifthey hold it co be a fubftance they multiply En= cities in vain. And {ince al things belong thereto which are proper tothe Soul, why fhould it not be che Soul? . Burif ic be am accident it can have no fubjett, and ic wil act beyond its abilities.
Chap. 13. W hether there are more Souls ina Man than one?
Ue others when they cannos deny che prefence of the Soul inthe Seed, and are forced to confefs that the body of the Child is chereby fhaped, and yet wilnorprant chat che Ra-
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cional Soul is prefent at che firft Conception, they fancy divers Souls co be in a Man, not there ave building upon folid reafons, but chiefly induced by the Authority of Ariftotle, whom in divers
2. de gener, auimal, cap.3. teaches, That aman ficft lives wich a Vegetarive Soul, chen with a Senfitive, and at aft receivesa Rational Soul. The words of Ariftotle may be feen in the place alleadged. Bur what che fence of chofe words of Ariftotle thould be, is as grear a queftion as any amongft che Expofitors. :
For in che firft place, Some hold chat every Soul isa fimple fubftance, and that therfore there does not fit come a Vegetative, then a Senficive, and laftly a Rational Soul; bucchae one and the fame Sou) inthe Conception does firft perform the Operations of growing,then of feeling and moving, and laftly of reafoning. For fince che Soul cannot exercife its Fa- culties unlefs ic be furnifhed wich fitting Inftruments, and does ficft perform the moft necef= fary actions, and co Nutrition few Inftruments are required, and chat is in the ficft place moft neceffary, therefore chat is begun im che firft place to be practifed , but fince Senfe and Reafon does require many Inftruments, chey ceach chat the operations thereof are exercifed in procels of time, when che Organs of the Body are more perfect.
Orhers on rhe contrary do reye@ this Interpretation, and fay chat it is not apreéing co che words of Ariffotle, while in the place alléadged he exprefly wrices chat the Vegetative Soul is firft had in che Concepcion 5 and chac the SénfitiveSoul whereby he isan Animal is recéived after chat, asalfo the Rational by whichhe isa Man, and chac this only comes from without.
Since cherefore che Expoficors chemfelves of Ariffotle are doubrful of his meaning, the fureft way isto fet afide Aurhority, asis altogether moff fic in che fearch of Truth, and co confider the macrer icfelf, and mannage our bufinefs with reafons only. Which doing. we
_fhal find chas it ismoft fuicable co truth co hold chae chere is only one Soul in Man,
viz. The Rational Soul, yet furnifhed with che abilicies of che inferior Souls, and be- guifted with a Vegetative and Senfitive Faculty. And if the words of -4rifiotle
admit chis fence’, of which I difpuce nor, i¢ 1s.a fence convenient enough. For
( which we are co note in the firft place) the Soulis a fimple Effence, and there is one only Soul in every living thing, but furnifhed wich divers faculties. In every Plant chére is a fpecifick Soul ; yee thac hach fundry Faculties, ic mourifhes, augments, ingenders Seed, and alfo performs the proper actions of its own kind 3 and the properties and actions of a Rofe are of one forc, of Rofemary of another, of Rhubarb of another, of Helle-
fouls in &
Man ?
There is
one foul int a4 Man.
Divers aculties and aéli- ons flow
bore of another, ofthe Eugh-cree ofanother. Every Animal is nourtfhed, augmented, be- from one gets ics like, hath fiindry Senfes, is moved, and finally performs chac which 1s proper co its foul.
Kind; anda Bee hath one fore of propercies and actions, a Pifmire anocher, a Sheep ano= ther, a Crow another, an Elephanc another, an Ape anochec: which are noc indeed Ratio- nal, yec as the Underftanding is the {pecifical propriety of a Man; fo thofe allo Cbelides fenf and motion, which ate ations common toal Animals) have fomwhat fpecifical. And 1f it be not ablurd in a Plant or Animal for divers Faculties and Actions to proceed from one soul, why fhould it be abfurd co bold che fame tn Man ?
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an the living Creatuce,yet being compared with che principal they are more like matterthan | te
a acts. Wemay indeed grant: chat chere may be divers forms in oné Individual, of which | i nite Hy yaa ony one isfpecifical, andthe reft pertain to the difpoficion of the matters yer all thofe ech ae \ ho forms as they belong co the mateer are paflively difpofed, and che fpecifick form asthe prie | isa } | iW mary Ageat ufesthem as itefubject and primary Infrumens; and chey do not perform | cae lie, fuch actions as decermine and confticuce any Indiv dual to be of fuch. ox flich afore. Bue | wait
ais the Vegetative and Senfftive Faculcy (they ca} it Soul) ‘do not pertain co the dif{pofition of | ae
ot i i the matter, bur are OruMary faculties 5 and ACCC >to thei Opinion, the Senfirive per ie Det forms the oifice of a ipecitick form, before ming ofthe Rational, And cherefore if be- | ow al) a fore the coming of the lenficive foul che vegetative, and before che coming of the rational | Th Ae aaa foul the fenhitive thould conftitute the fame Individual, one numerical Individuum fhould | es i) iit at divers cunes be informed with divers {pecifick forms; which asabfurd: and fo ifan Indi. | ane a " ri thould contain divers perfect beings in at feJf, ic would be ome by accident,andan heap | vi
ae Pale OF Cin. mnie 1 iq a Secondly, Ifa man fhould in procefs of tume receive divers fouls, this abfurdity would | i HB ae follow, Thaa there are divers living Individuals which fhould belong to no fort of live Grea~_ [ * ie, Vie ruces. For while a man lives only by che vegetative foul he muft bea Plane, nor yecthould | ey é Mea ne belong ro any toreof Plants; whilehelives with a fenfitive foul he muit be an Animal, me |. There # bue yec nor belonging to any fore of Animals. To which reafon alchough fome endeayoreo || /#* | eT vaige © aetwers yet chey alleadg nothing that isof any moment, Fob. Gallego allows the anfwes |)" i | H sine bug Of Holet. 2.de Anima,cap. 3. who faies, That fach an Individual is nor effentially aPlanc, | ae i Be ae pertains ro 204 Checefore is nok under any kind or fort of Plants; bur chat ic is contained under qe mi pie wl fem fers kind ofan Embryo, and under fome fort of the fame kind ; andchas Nature hath made two | !!il vet of vegeta. diftinck {orcs of Vegetations, the one of which isa Plane, and the other am Embryo ox_ | jit l ' fig | bles. ong Conception 5 and thar this kind of Embryo’s does contain uader it fo many forte of) #0! 4 ae Foabeyo's aschere are of perfect Animals, and chat the fore of Humane Embryo’s hath a pis nient co receive the Humane foul created by God. But one abfurdity being granteda thou- |}, fand follow, and thus one abfurdity is heaped upon another. For if chis vepetative degree = |} gto a¢ common co Plants and Animals, bow comes ig co pale chat from hat vegetative foulwhich — | }*ul
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isin the Embryo an Horfe is brought forch, and nor a Rofe, ora Dog? And fince they | taake fo many Corrs of Embryo’s as ahere are forts of perfect Animals, te muft needs be that one mbryo, if ic be of a different fore from awother, ic muft differ by fome fpecifical form. Bur that at of no moment which che fame Galego faies, chat the vegecative form of an | Embryo produced by che Womb ofa Woman does nor make che Ocgamization of & Plane, |
nor of another Animal, but rather thacof a Man 3 both becaufe it is direed by the foul of | a Mah the Woman having the fame Organization; and alfo becaufe of. it {elf ic hatha natural In- | pyecatng
i i , 71 any | | th Pla clinatton comake fuch an Organization. Bor in the ficft place, falfeicis,and not yer pro- | MPliy ved, Thae che foul of che woman'directs thar Organization, as was fhewed before. More- Nich Pg
over, whence hath ig that inclination tofuch an Organization? Certainly ic cannot have ic | mitand
from tbe camman and genérical form, but every determination is from the {pecifick form. | fae}
i And what wil is be then when ig comes beyond che degree of a vegecacive, to che depree of a ait | fenficve Embryo? For fince ik is chermneicher a man nor any other Animal (for the fegfi- | Bi, oc 5 tive faculty confkitutes no particular fore of Animal ) whac I pray youmuft itbe, fince itis. | heen fe conftituted in no fore of Animals as wanting a {pecifick form? Therefore it muft needs | ri come jg hteah,
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Chap. 13. VV bether a Man hath more Senls than one, 519:
come cothis, That che Soul which is in a perfect Child isalfo in che Embryo, and shat
- which finithes the work is che fame which began 1¢: viz. That the Soul of a Lyon forms 1¢
{elfa convenient body, the Soul of an Horfe forms a body fic for it felf; and. that in the Embryo of a Lyon there is no form diftinét from other Animals but the Soul of a Lyon 3 and thatthe form of an Embryo (as it is defccibed by Tolet and Gallego) is a meer fig- e wna except this be granted, a reafon of the formation of an Humane Conception, of its nutrition and augmentation, and of al che operations petformed therein cannot berendced. For the formation of the child in the Womb, and of al its parts and Organs, as alfo its nutti- rion and growth, are quice differenc from other Animals. For no fort is conftituted by di- vers forms, either ac che fame or a different time, but by one only, which thence alfo bath its name, and is called {pecifical, Ic does fhape ic felt fuch a body as an{wers the Idea chereofia ic felf, and by fuch a body performs fuch actions as by which ic 4s diftinguifhed from other forts, Hence aman from his own (pecifick form or foul hath fucha body as no other Ani- mal hath, and performs fuch actions as no other Animal does. ,
Thirdly, If firft che Vegetative foul fhould inform che body, afterward thefenfitive, ac laft che rational, a Man fhould be compounded of a Plant, a Bruit, andan Animal. And this abfurdiry would alfo follow, That if che fenfitive and racional did flow from divers forms, ic would be no éffential axiom or declaration, when we fay a man is an Anima) or living ching 5 for the Nature of che Animal fhould noc flow from the form of Man, But if from both fouls che fame Accribute fhould flaw, a Man fhould noc be one Animal, bue EwO3 VIZ. An pgptleaat teen in refpect, or by vertue of bisfenfitive Soul, and a ratio=
in refpect of His rational fcul,
eae ap the Objections made ro the contrary of any weight. For in the firft place they wherbep fay, That many and divers beings cannot proceed from the fame Form, nor can the « Man fame being proceed from divers and diftinct Forms fince the Form is the adequate bath three Canfe of the Effence. And cherefore fince the fame fubject is a Man, an Animal, Bllences 2 a living thing, he cannot have thefe divers beings from one form, but from divers, And contrariwife, Becaufe Man, bruit Animals, and Plants, are living things, and, thac diftinct in cheir forms,’ chat which is common to al of them cannot proceed from the forms by which they differ, but from chat form which 1s equally in them al. But we deny thae the veper tative, fenfitive, and rational, are three diftinét Beings proceeding from divers forms bue
they are Only che powers of oneand the famefoul. And that which hach deceived many is
this, That chey hold chat in fome body chere may be the vegetative foul alone, in another anki og ghe fenficive, and chat by it an Individual may be confticuted. For che Vegetative foul hh confticutes no Plant, or other fort of living ching, buc nutrition and AURMENLATION aL COMF 49 P/eny of mon Co al living things, and Plants differ (pecifically one fromanother as wel as Animals do, iz (cif, and chere is one form and {pecifical {oul ofa Rofe, another of Rofemary, anocher ofan Oak,
another ofa Pear-tree, anorher of an Apple-cree ; whence, though a Rofe, and Rofemary,
and an Oak, anda Peac-tree, and an Apple-tree are nourifhed and augmenced 5 yet they are augmented after a difference manner, and eachdraws a different Alimenc, and puoduce leaves,
flowers, fruits, after a different manner; fome of chem grow toa great heighc, others creep Senfe and by the ground, or at leaft grow not very high. After che fame manner fenfe and Motion yin de does confticuce no Animal, but al {orcs of Animals have cheir {pecifick forms.or fouls,by rea- confituse fon of which fenfe and motion are in al forts of Animals different, and the external fenfes are xo fort of in feverai forrs different, asalfo motions fomecreep, others fly, others walk. Howbeig, Animals. befides {enfe and motion they perform actions proper to cher kind ; a Dogis quick~icented
and faichful; an Horfe is couragious, and afterhis tafhion proud; an Elepbane is difcreet in
its way ; of which fee Fuftins Lipfius, Cent..1.Epiff. 50. the Spider weaves, stanecs 5 che
Bee makes Honey-combs, &c. For in al living things chere is a nourifhing, growing, and generating faculty 3 bur thefe faculties and actions do confticute no fore of Plants; but in
‘each Plant chere appear yee other actions which flow from che'fpecifical form as fuch, and by which Plants differ one from another. Imal perfect Animals there is fenfe and motion, bur
fenfe and motion do confticute no'particular fort of Animal but befides Yenfe and motion rhere are in every fore of Animal other powers and actions which proceed from the {pecifick
foul as fuch, and- whereby Animals differ one from another.’ » Nor are the vegesative ox fen-
five, or the vegetative, fenfitiveyand rational, certain peculiar forms diftingtly exifting, and three Effences. ~ For although chey are.ceally fomwhacin Nacure: yet they fiabfift noc by themfelves spare, mor are they any where, or at any time feparately exifting fave in che mind,
jut asa Being, a fubftance, anda body; and cherefore they do not multiply che Effence of “a thing. Rz2 Secondly,
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only their faculcies, then there wilbe a power of a power, does the vegerarive faculty flow from the fentitive, nor che fenfitive from che rattonal, but all che three faculcies flow immediatly from one foul, as from che fame foim of Fire Heat and