Book Ii:

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448
Fiery A-
_ Aerial Atomes.
wWatry A- somes @Y Bedikies.
Aromes or {mal bodies of fire, which vanifhing away it returns co its Natural actual coldnefs, °
For che fame caufealfo Metals are melced, and afcerwards gcowing cold become hatd again.
_ Ofwhich we thal fpeak anon. : Alceation ; Which if amar diligently confider, he fhal obferve, That alrerations commonly fo called seg #15: are: nor mutations only in Qualities, but the participation of anocher Body : chac the hea- ne cing of water 1 is: patticipation of fiery Atomes, by means of which alfo ic hath che power to "6" ‘burn, which vanifliing che water returnsto itsancient coldnefs. Which alfo may be kiiown even by Experience; for hoswacer fhuc up in Peuter Pots wil recain its bea cen houss and longer. in the Winter time; by which means Beds ace warmed inthe Wigter, and Gentle yi WOMCA
Ch wot cont jel yee | in Sud yoo ! pt wee Beer fore force’ ftoop al ra poets Lee pat cike f the fat when on oth inored a flows! thisis who1n pure an H bysed which Aon red, beco Erp he w, Wate ys
and G. B lenbo A thagehe ‘elt teEot Ying H) unine | too eft Daman D thera dwn, y teWi (Hovis, | they co pines } Cold ) bai Ot Sng Which, be pln Dper li May be i Meba, | Oy
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women travelling by Coactidefend their feet from the Winters cold. For if the water had contracted-only heat from'che fie, chac imprinred qualicy in a cold:place,in a Veffel made of Meta),and'in che cold air,could'notconunuefolongatime. There are therefore (doubrlefs) fiery particles, which being fhut upina chick Mecalline Veffel do for fome time abide chere- in, before they can al Jeifurely creep out through che pores of acompact Body. So in the Suoiier cimewe are taughe by this following Experiment, That Wine and Beer do not ons Jy coneract an hot quaticy in the heared Air, bae that they alfo receive inco themfelves fiery patticles, viz. Ifcwo Veffels be filled ac che fame time with Wine or Beer, and both be plunged a'good way into cold water, and then one be ftopped, che other open, that Wine or Beer mn'che open mouthed Veffel is tooner cooled than thac in che ftopt veffel; which chere~ fore happens becaufe che fiery Acomes which did heat the Liquor being compelled by the force ot conttaty coldne{s do {ooner exhale when they have a free paffage than when by ftopping the veifels moush they arereftrained. Yea, andit isnot abfurd to fay che Air in out ftoves isnot only altered, bur receives into ic fome of the fubftance of che'fire, Nor is ic ampoflible that che fire fhould pierce chrough the furnace, fince air (mot fo fubcile as fice) pierces both into Iron and ftone Jugs. Yea, andthe ching ic felf teftifies thus much ; for we {ee paper, cloachs, and other combuftible chings being held near che hot frove do oftentimes cake flame. And if chofe (uppoied alcerations ate meerly fuch, how canheatand cold bein che fame’ pare of the water; and feeing no accidenc operates but by vertue of its form whence it flows, how can thac heat {pringing from the fice act both upon the cold and up» on other Bodies, the fite whence ic came being now abfent and quenched. Now whether is more abfurd to hold that in water there is alto fice, from whence as its proper fubjeét heac flows? ot tohold heat co be both in its own proper, and in a ftrange fubject? And chat this is-ecue many moft learnedmen have acknowledged, and anioneft rhe reft Averrboes, who inhis Bide Anima, text.ri5.writes: Wemuftnocchink chat water is heated remaining pureand meet water, nor that Airis cooled remaining meer and pure Air 3 but chishappena by reafon of hot or cold bodies being mixed wich them, — Ailfo' this ismanifeft in the cold air, which nips Plants lefs being ftirred with winds than if ic be ftil andquier. For the cold Atomes mixt with the air and fticking tothe Plants do mote hure chan when chey are ftir- ted. fulins Cafar Scaliger grants as much, when in Evercit. 12. Sett.3. he faies chat Bra(s becomes hot by che parts of the fire encring into the pores chereof, |The fame Scaliger, ‘Evercitat. 14 teachesus, That boyling water is fiery, or bath init fire anddrinefs; and he writes hat the fire exhales out of hoc water: There is ({aies he) fire and drine(s in bot Water, which in the fleam afcending we perceive by our underftanding, and by our fenfe al{os foritburns. The beat which i in water is fire mingled with its contrary. Yea, and Galen taught this long ago, who in his 1. Book de Element. cap. 6. faies, 1 fay that he who in the time of froft is warmed with the fire, does receive fire into bis ‘Body. And thag che fubftance of fire and air does penetrate 1co other bodies, this alfo arpues chat the digeftions which ae performed in dung or hot water can never be exactly accomplifhed in the Embers, whatever degree of heat you fhal ufe; and becaufe in an hot and dry {ubj:ét a thing iseafily burned, but noc inan hot and moift. Alfo che Cure of burns, and of pares pummed with cold, as alfo other things congealed wich cold do thew, that alterations hither= to. fo efteemed are not meer alterations, bucche mixture of a certain kind of Acomes, For if aman fhal put frozen Eggs ot Apples into hot water (which fhould be done were ira meer alteration) they wilbe {poled : buc if he plunge chem in extieam cold Water, the frott ia drawn, and fticks like Ice upon the our fide, and they are preferved. So chofe that cravel in the Winter, as is wel known co che Inhabitants of Normay and other Northern Countries Cnor is.it alcogether unknown co our people) and have their Members frozen as it were 3 if
they come prefently co the fice or into an hot room, they are very much hurt and exceedingly
pained, and many times the pare becomes gangtenated, the cold parts (I do not fay che coldnefs; but che cold parts or atomes): piercing inward, and extinguifhing the natural hear. But if their Members are firft rubbed with Snow, or are plunged into cold water, the water or Snow dodraw untothemfelves by reafon of fimilitude thole atomes and pecty cold bodies which had gotten into the part. Contrartwife, when any Member is any waies burnt, if ic be plunged into cold water. (which che Law of alceracion requires ) icis molt certainly en- dangered. Contratily *cwil be cured if it be put, not into cold but hot wacer, which may b fimilitude draw co it {elf thofe hot bodikies : and if the burning be noc great, che Member may be held ‘to che fire, or hoe embers may be applied thereto. Of which Fernelius, 6. de Method. “Medendi, cap. 20. Asche fire, if a parc which is burned be held neer che fame, be- comes a cure Of che evil at felf caufed, and by drawing back che ficeeafes it of ics pains fo jome
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Natural-P hilofopbical Difcour{es. Book III. {ome chings externally applied do by cheir heat draw out the heat of che fire, and fo by cea- fing the Inflammation they cure burnings. For fice and hot things do by fimilicude draw ouc the fiery Atomes. And for chis very caule (as Ariftotle writes in che 13. Probleme of the 24. Section) ‘hot chings are fafter cooled in the Sun chan in che fhade, becaufe che beams of che Sun draw out the fiery Acomes.
But that {amie Opinion of Thomas Fienus is altogether abfurd, who in his Apology a- es, that chis Fire of ours which we ufe ( be cals ic artificial andearcthly, unfitly 5 {ince it 1s moft natural and of che {ame fubftance with that Fire which is in other parts of the world, although it beina thicker maceer ) isan Accident 3 and he con- ceives rhatthole things which are (aid cobe Fired, or chofe{ubftances which men are wone co call Fire, as lron, Coals, Flame, are indeed Subftances: bucchat which isin chem more chan their own fubftaace, by reafon of which they are called Fire, or arefaid co burn, he de- soks chac the fierinefs adds noching to the burniug Iron, Wood,
nies to be afubftance, and chi or Furnace, bus an Accident, viz. a moft intenfe Heac, and chat be endeavors thus to
tet a a
prove. yd . Ficft,, He faies, a fubftance as noc capable of more or lefs. That fame firinefs in the Iron,
Wood, Furnace, admits of more and leis. Ergo ic isno fubftance.
Secondly, When the Iron is ted hot or the tmoak flames, the whol Ironis fired, and the fire is in all the parts chereof. If therefore the fire were a (ubftance, in all che parts of the burning Iron there would be anocher fubftance, and confequently one fubftance fhould be in another, and fo there would bea penetration of dimenfions 5 which is abfurd.
Thirdly, Hefaies: Whenthe lron becomes ted bot, either che fubftance of che fice comes snto the Icon from without, or it is generated in che pores thereof. He conceives neither of chefecan be: Nocche firft, becaute neither che Goal of the fire becaufe ic is chick, and ftirs not, but lies ftil, nor che flame ofthe fire, becaufe of its excream chinnefs and lightnefs, can entecincto the hard {ubftance of the Iron. Moreover, if che fire entred inco che Subftance ox che Iron, whew the Icon cools,the flame that went in fhould come ous again : but no man (he faies ) did ever fee fire fly or go out of a cooling Iron. Alfo ( he faies ) che latcer ts impofli- fubftance of rhe Iron fhould be.curned inco che {ubftance of che Fire ; which
ble, becaufe che is fal(e, becaufe the Iron remains Iron ftil. : : |
Fourthly, Ifthe Iron became fire, st fhould lofe ics Heavinefs, Hardnefs, and Confi- ftency.
Fitcly, A Subftance is a Beeing fubfifting by icfelf, nor exifting in anocher thing, nor inhering in any ching as 1s jubject. © Buc che fire by icfelf no where fubiafts, bucis alwaies in fome other ching, asin its fubject, after che manner of accidents; amdics {ubject caken away wwhesein ic fticks, thereis no uch ching as Fice. Ergo rc isan Accident.
Sixuy. Every Body of it felt hach Quancity : tor Quantity {prings from matter, andthe determination thereof from theiorm: Bur Fire bath neither x felf any Quancity, nor hath ac any Gecetminate figure, but ir hat b only the F igure and Quan cicy of che 1ubject whevein ic mheres, as other accidents. Therefore ic is no Body.
But this Ercor Fulivs Cefar Scaliger long fince obferved and refuted in Cardan, Exercit. 10. For nothing is accidentally in any ching, which isnor effencially, primarily,and ofc telf in fome other ; {ince every accident flows froma certain fubftance. And cheretore fince Heac isaccidentally inche Iron, of necefliry there muff bea {ubftance wherein ic is primarily, and bv which che Iron becomes bot : But {uch therecanbenone buc che Fire. And af fire be a Quality, its firft and proper fubject muft be tome fubfrance. Buc chote cealons where- by Fienws was brought into that opinion are fo flights thac I wonder fo learned a man fhould thereby be moved fo co hold. ,
For, in the firft place, we deny that the firinefs in the Wood, Iron, Furnace, Smoak, re~ ceives more and lefs. Buc chat che fice fomeimes burnesmore, fomumes lets, happens by reafon of the application thereof co che Parient. For Vircue united is ftronger, and cher- fore Fire in a compact {ubftance, as 1 Siraw. :
To the fecond Lanfwer: That Smiths can cell chet Iron is porous; and therefore che fice can eafily infinuace ic {elf chereinto. And whereas Fienus denies the Iron to have pores 5 that is contrary tofenle: for Smichs know bow co diltinguith the forcs of Icon, and ditcern Iron {rom $reel by the variecy of che pores. Noris chat of any momenc which he turchec ob- jects, chat ifthe fire were only inthe pores of the Iron, the folid parts thereof fhould not
bucn, nor would the Iron be light all over, many pacts thereof wouldbedask. For indeed Fienus
ron, burnes more than in a chin fubftance,as Scubble or -
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Chap.1. Of Atomes.
Nee ee SURGE OF Way SURV ESET CREE UEC e Rar EEE eenaeeeee ee Fienus was ignorant of che nature of che {mall individual Bodikies or Atomes, nor did he
confider what dayly happens in Natute. For if Water can fo penetrate incoall the fmalleft ss t rah :
parcs of Wood, that there fhall be no part thereof which is not moiftened 5 Why may sot the moift fubtile fire much more pierce the Iron? ‘And cherefore‘to his third Argument wa An{wer, That che fubftance of the Fire doth certainly enter the Iron from without. Foral- though the Coal it felf {rir nor, and encer not into the Iron 5. yet the fire which is in’ the coal xhales infmal Acomes, and infinuaresic felfinco che Iron. “And che thinnefs ‘of the flame ‘does not hinder the fame, ‘but rather help it co enter the hard fubftance of the Tron!) And when the Iron cools again, then thé fire exhalesout of it; which chough it be not difcerned by our bodily eyes (for who can fee the pure Elements of Fire and A?) yet Philofophers difcern ic fufficiently by the effect. , ies To the fourth I anfwer, che Icon is not madé Fire, but ic receives the fame. ‘Which while it does, at lofes indeed its hardnefs and confiftency, fo that t'may be beric and beaten by che Hammer, yea, and ic may be melted. ji ; / Pinal Toche fife 1 fay 5 ‘Ie'is falfe chac Fire no whete exifts by it felf, butis alwaies infome other ching as afubject 5 which che tenfe teaches. “And although fire be in the Iran 5 yet is ic not Chere asan acciden: in its tubye@ 5 juftas when wacer isin a Vefle!; it 1s HOt chere asin a Subject. Peper a i &
To the fixe Panfwer 5: Fhat che Elements of themfelves have mo ‘dererminace figure’ nor quantity, but they are decermined and receive figure from the things which’ compafs*them abour. a : . Contrariwife, Cold Aromes having no hot body mixed with them, being'abundant in the Refriges Air in the Winter time, they caufe extream'cold, and congeal al bodies whereinco they inft* ,,,;,,.° nuate themfelves; ’ at } ;
Nor did the Ancients only reach, That chefe firft Acomes of the Elements did varioufly Of the {pread themielves up and down, afd penetrace into’ ocher bodies 5 but that of them alfo sahil mixt Bodies were nade, and they held them tolbe neverchelefs immutable, and to retain te ssid da theic own Nature however they ‘were mixed, and’ being feparated from the thibgs where= gdp. with they were mixed they held their Nacureenticé'as before. “For thus Lucretus writes in bis Second Book.* |
What came from Barth’ goes backto Earth again, And Heavenly parts'do fly to Heav’n amain. Hor does grim Death confume our Bodies fo
As to deftroy the Matter, but unfew
‘The joyned Parts.
Moft Meteors Ccruly) are noother than a mals of Elementary Atomes vatioufly conpre- “The Me gated. For Exhalations and Vapors are nor continued bodies, asis commonly choughr, sighed #3 but crowds of infinite Atomes 5 which‘is manifeft from the vapors arifinig ftom water which Aiomas heats over che fice. For thefe chough fat off they feem to bea continued body, yet be ; which if neet at hand, or who walks onia Mountain cop when the Air is mifty, may even dif- cern with his eyes that che(e vapors ate not continued Bodies, but a throng of Acomes. A Cloud is noching elfe buc an infinite, multitude of Atomes. For ‘ag when wé’ fee a fmoak A (lond: afcend from burning Pitch or any other thing, we chink afar off chat it isa continued united body ; bucif we come neerer and diligently luck upon the fmoak, we fee ‘thac ic is no conti« hued; no nor canuiguous body neither ; and fo it is with Clouds, which uncil che {mal bodies ate again joyned cogether (which happens in Rain and Snow) they are'no continued bodies, but many millions of millions of peccy Atomes or {malleft bodies. ~ And Clouds as they are uf divers kinds, fo when they grow together apain’ divers things are bred of chem, as Rain,
Snow, Hail, Winds, Lightnings, and other Meréots focalled. © Somtimes nevecthelefs the Aromes of Bodies perfectly mixed are mingled amonpft the Meteors.” bash
For there are (in the fecond place) Atomes of another Kind befides the Elementary The fee (which if any man wil cerm firft mixt bodies, he may do ashe pleafe) into which ‘as firmlay 6074 tind patts ocher compound bodies are refolved. - And indeed in the mixture.of Natural chings; of Atomess or that which happensn lifelefs chings, chefe bodies of which che mixt things confit are fo broken and divided into {mal particles, as thac none of chem can be difcetned and known by it felt, Alfoinal fermentations and digeftions and coctions, which are made by Nature or Axrt, nothing is done but'to reduce chings inco cheir {malleft parts, and unice chem asneerly as may be. Contratawife, the Refolucion of Narural Bodies, both that which is dane by Na- cure, and chat petformed by, Arr, is noshing buc che relolving of chem into theix {mallet parts
or Acomes. dd eh " “cas ea ay But
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Ge i aaNet mere eg TERS AC ee et ~—— eS ae 452 NaturalsPhilofophical Difcourfes. - Boox Ilf ciymical .. But Chymical Refolucions do ina {pecial mannec difcover chat there are Aromes, and oer oa eeach fufficiently what liccle bodics there are. SoSpirit.of Wine pierces through writing aay. paper four times double into the Alembick ; and in Diftillacions and Sublimations, fuch yemes: ‘Acomes are raifed from Planrsand Minerals intoche Alembick or Recipienr, many milfious whereof neverthele(s when they joyn together again do fomtimes ha tdly, make one drop or fenfible quantity of Liquor. Nor lec any man here per{wade bimfelf when he fees a vapor sife out of water or Spirit of wine, ora Smoak arife ouc of Picch, Sulphuc,or burning wood, chat thefe bodies are changed inco Air 5 but the water, fpiit of wine, and ocber bodies, ate refolved inco the {malleft Acomes, which when they joyn together again,they turn. co water, fpiric of wine, or fome other body again 3 which the Alembicks of Chymrfts and cheir Reci-
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M ients doteach. Allo whiles {piric of Vicriol. and other Spirits are diftalled, the Rectprent | Ny effel is often ful of fuch {mal, but not yet fmalleft bodies fortwo or chree dates cagerher, i li and every momenc fome millions of fuch bodies are prefenc and follow oneanother. » Yet,a
iy {mal quantity of Liquor comes of them when chey meec and are condenfed; fo chae chofe Acomes which are prefent ac the fame moment, of which nevercheleis there ate fome millions,
. do hardly conftiruce onedrop. Weleeche fame in other Refolucions. If a man fet on fire 1 a liccle bic of Pitch, and fupprefs the flame, an huge {pace of Air is filled wich the fmoalk thereof, which is no one continued body, bur a mulcirude of Jiccle Atcomes or {mal bodies.
| And whac difference chere is betwixt a botly compact and refolved into Acomes, we may i learn only by che pucting out of a Candle. For if one blow out.a burning Candle,che {moa- king Snuf, which ishatdly fo big asa Peale, does prefently fend forch fo great a quantity of Atomes chat a great part of the Air is filled cherewith. So flower of Biimftone melts ince
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ee Brimftone ; Mercury precipitate, or fublimare, or however refolved, does return again £0 li-
, i A 3 ving and running Quick-filver, . Soche water wherein Mera] is diffolved, although 1: feem eda cleer water, andis {0 exa€tly mixed char it wil pafs through a paper: yer.che Meta] preferves i ts own nature therein entire, and iseafily precipitated to the botcom tn form of a moft very
A iia fine pouder, which is afterwards melced inco.a Metalagain. So alfo if one Mafs be made of
Gold and Silver melced cogecher,and they. be fo mingled in their fmalleft Aromes that no man would think chem but one fimple body 3 yet in the mean while in thofe {malleft Acomes each Mecal preferves its form and nature, and may be feparated by Aquafortis, and reduced inroitsformer Nature. Hencethecanieof many Chymical Operations and. chings done in Chymiftry may be tendred, to Lead any way calcined you pour difflled Vinegar, the Lead is indeed diffolved in che Vinegar,buc the fale of che Vinegar unices its felf co che Lead, {o that if it be drawn off by diftilling, ic comes away quite without caft, che falc of che Vine~ Vi gar remaining with the Lead, whencecomes thac fame {weet mixt body which they cal Sac-
My he Precipi- Charmin Saturni, or Sugar of Lead, So if Crabs-eyes, Corals, Pearls, be diffolved by Vi- my sation, . nepar or other acid Liquors, and be reduced co pouder, fochac they may be alfo ftcained through a paper, and che fals of thofe acid Liquors by reafon of the fimilicude joyas i ie {elf with the bodies diflolved (fo thac if icbe diftilled ie cannot be feparated wkhout much \ ado) yetif intothe {olution youdrop Oy! of Tartar made by Deliquium,che {alc of Tat- tar does by fimilitude unite it elf co the {ale of Vinegar, and the diflolved Peat} or Coral
is precipicated cothe Bottom. So if to Quick-filver, you pout Oy! of Vitriol or Sulphur, a: the Quick-filver is diffolved in them, buc the falc which is in chofe Spirits is united co che Quickefilver, whence arifer Mercury precipitate, which hath therefore {uch a corrofive fa~
culty. Of Quick-filver, Vicriol, Sale, is made Mercurius fublimatus. Of Mercury and
Sulphur fublimed together, is made Cinnabaris. Thus Mecals are reduced into poudec
| when being diffolved in corrofive: Liquors they are precipitated ro che bortom. Yer they AY retucn and are reduced into their former Nature, thac Body or Sak being taken away which Reduction. they borrowed from the Solvens, which Operation is called Reduction, Which may be performed divers waies. Mercury precipisace if tt berubbed ina Morrar wv h Oy] of Taccat
- a = eee ESS aE
at che Salc of Tartar, and forfakes che Mercury, whereupon it cures to Quick filver again. So, | 3f Mercury fublimate be mixed wich Quicklime, and puc into a Rerorc, the Sale ot Vitwol, and the common Sait which is in the fublimare, fticks co che live or unflak’d Lime, and fo the Mercury returns co its former Natuce, and becomes Quick-filver again. Tae Calces or at « Pouders of Metals are turned into molen Metals whenche Salt mixed therewich is diflipa- ae | ced by a ftcong fire, yet 1¢ is done fooner if fome of thole Pouders they cal melting Pouders
iit bemixedthecewith. For che Salcsof which thofe meking Powders are. made do draw to chem the Sale which adheres toshecalcined Metal; from which whem chey ate freed, the
Asomes of the Metal by reafon of fimulicude unite shenelves, and fo seen Anco cheeir ws tea Bedy
at Salt of Tartar diflolved per deliquium, the Salc which cleaves tothe Mercury isunited (0 -
Lyof {nto lolte fem lerves rery de of oman tomes duced Jone i a, the Lead, Vinee | Sace Vis ratned ayes mc
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CR ence erence nnn, EIEmNGp " ri Megaasa es mE nana . Pe os Chap. I. | Of Atomes. 453
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Body and thape. And indeed, how any xt “ernal forms Bodies na tural being e “oixed with athers may put on (their fu ibftantial form remaining fate and found even Merete alane
may teach us, whicd putson fomany extern nal forme, chat it may be wel called Many-fhap’ oo Me reury. 7 Lis changé ed into aclear water, insoa Liquor like cmnye 5 cis fublimated, pre-4"
& 221 Chr fa
cipit ated, f duced 3 ee suder, into Glafs, the likeneis of Lead, Gold j Silver, {o Fiat it may be wroweht into Places an id I know not how many forms befides: al which neverchelefs 1¢
55 Jaies down, if chat which 1s ming! led wich it be cheval from fep wacaead Thisl dD. aN as allo a Aromes ts oe confirmed by anointings with Mercury and Fumig chereof ;. wherein tk he Quick -filver being reduced into {mal Aromes pene~
craces the whol Body Fates very jaws and mouth where ite ALM piel by pieces sof Gold
PfIONS made BAP LG
held ta het fame. Yea, and ic hath been found that after no tings with Mercury, Quic re filver t n been coli &ed in the Cavicies of che Veins and Bones.
¥ Ps te are Atomes not t only of inanimate Bodies. but alfo of fome animate bodies : Atemes of. and the Soul ie f: ie nay fomt yes lurk and preferve it “lf in fuch {mal bodies; as we fhal 4” simaate hereafcer fhew when we treat ae ches Sp Of nea taneous Ori inal vin g chi Ings; al id upon this ~ Bodies. Dettrice of Acomes: the moft learned: © ortunius Licetus ysl buile jn a Lene al his Treatsie of che Spontaneous OF etal of live chings. Of which we thal {peak in xs places
Plants (truly) domanifeftls Beciate chat there are Atomes. For who would beleeve’ The 42 dhacin cleer andtran{pasene Wine there were a fiony fubftan ace,unlets rt a Es ared by fepara= tomes of cion, whiles the Farcat feparaced Eon 1 che Winerfticks to the fides of the e Vellels > And lenis.
satrer unfit co nourt{h the body being chruft inro the joynts ftirs up asthritick k pains, and
rm
there at length i¢ grows into,a kind cf ane y fubftance. The Generation alfo ‘of other di {-
eafes thaws the fam¢: For! fezing many fu Ipet. fluous things unfic to nourifh areraken wo with
our me ACs they thoug hth ley are biece ry and £ (OWT, and fale, and otherwile pomainr, ftrong and different 5. yet (as Hi} ippocrates fares, de Prifca Medicina) beings nixed and mutually cempered cogether Chey are neither perceived, nor do they hure a man: but when any of chem 1s feparat ed arid by ic felf, then st becomes ‘apparent, and troubles a Man.
Alfo che Acomes of Purgang Medicaments do make the Milk purging, as alfo ‘Hippocra ates rp, p> faies in ae Epidem. com, Se text. 330 Ifa woman ora fhe Goat eat tBtaceri ium or the wild ume al Cucumer, their y ong ones are purged. For alchough as we hav ealfo faidin our tr.de Diffeas. purgetives chymicor. citin . Ar iffotelic. > Galen. a purging Plant eaten by a fhee Goat is digefted in her
‘omach, and mingled with che Chyle, chat Chyle is turned co Blood, that Blood in the Goats Dugs becomes Milk, this Milk is drunk by che-Nurfe, and there are fo many muta= tions? yer in all chete the Atoines of the 2 purging Plants remain incice, and keep theic
Vercues.
Milk alfo ic felf, chough ic feem but one body t the Whey, Butter, and Cheefe do fhew being fepirased, er aeiheree rere divers {mal Bodies mingled cogether’ therein. So-the Blood of Animals, asa ugh ic feems to be one homogenéal body » there are neverchelefs therein not only divers paces which afford nourifhmenc rod fferent Members; bue alfo ifit be diftilied, Yolate ie Sale which before did not, thew ic felf fticks in_greac quantity co the Receiver. Whisb aliohappens if the Horns and Bones of Animals be diftuled.
Yea,and che confzderation of whol entire Animals may bring us tothe knowledg of Aromes. Ariftotle inthe $. ‘Hiftor. Animal. cap. 3. wrires chat in old Wax and in Wood a certain Animal is bred ( whtch is che leaft of al living th vangs) called Acarz. Thereate allo a fort of Lice called Sirones, es al thacthey cannor be feen buc by a fharp fight, and in an augmen@ ting Glafs, Yecchefe are Animals, ergo they have an animal, motive, nutritive, and fenfi- tive faculty nan Organ ca! made up of very many Organs. They dtaw, concoct, al- fimilate cheir nourifhmenr, and are moved. pie have therefore animal SoHaaes, natu= ra}, which are themielves alfo bodies 5 they have Organs wherein they are generated, and wherein they are contained. And al al chefe again if we divide them into chetr Girt an d imalleft Aromes or bodie Ss how many thovfand pacts w ilchey make? and ifthe Jixcle Creature Acari, or a fal Loute, be divided into fom jany thouland ‘patts, how very exceeding lictle mutt thofe parts be?
Andalthough thofe Aromes be fo exceeding Tee 5 y main inthem entire, as was lately faid, and sxpet Ciel oe Silver be melted together, che Atomes of the '
xa Nef parce, that no lente can difcer ntheone from " cheabbiake Yec both of them do rerain Shell force entire. Which appears hereby im chac af you put qua fortis upon the faid mn I Mats
fand
heeffential forms of things te Aromes ‘lf does witnefs. For 0f Gold retain the
¢ cfe ana Silver are fomgngled tn their forms of
things.
5 ae ae
a
I erence
=e
——
454 ~ Natural-P Philofophical Difcourfes.. Be OOK Hi
“Mafs, the Silver melts and turns intothe Liquor, but the Gold remains in fori ofa
cm ae . Ifthe difflolved Silver be precipitate it fecties co the bottom inform ofa
moft delicate fine Pouder. Each ofthefe Pouders molcen by chemfelves do rerura
into their former fhapes of Goldand Silver. ‘So if ¢ Qi vick-h j i
cipitated, turned to water, and undergo other changes, bbpcebtcin) ro the various a
#)
es v pre
mixture of the Acomes whereinto it isrefolved with other things; yec it alwaiesre- tains its own effential form, ts eafily feparated fromthe Bodies wherewithit is mix- ed, andreturns incoits old fhape of running Quick-filver. Wor does this betide in Metals only, but alfo.in Vegetables or Pla ints. For 3 when diftilled Waters and ak are made by Chym , infenfible Atomes arife out of che Plants, fo chac jn the Cucurbita th ey cannot ae waies be difcerned; but when they jo oyn together jn the. ene “kc, andeturn to Liquor, ency again fhew themfelves in their likene £5, whiles one 1s Spirit of Wine, another of Junip er,&c,. And if aGoat be e nourith ed
with certain purgative Herbs, and a Nurfe drink the Milk ofthe Goat, ic wil purge the Infant hich fucks aki Nurfes Milk; as was faid before out of Hi ipbocr. its, 6. Epiden. com. 5. text.
That m oft learned Pei rn eee ick Facobi Vy Sche haus ack nowledg ‘ed the truth of this thing, when in Lib. 2. de Occult. Medic. facuit. ‘Cap. 7. he thus wrote, The beating of av Ing into a3 mofb fine } pouder does not nece farily corr upt tl be fi sb fta ced ib hereof, feei ng Zt is an. accident of ai n accident for that wbich ws continu il to be divided into very as bodies. Anda liccle afcer ; It does not follow thatthe {i thibar nee is abt Lifhe ad, ifa mais Shall fay that Medicaments beaten into pouder are effettual in Out r bodies.
Elowbeit, Atomes havetheir Laws from Nature, and doubclefs t}
ie Atomes, of
are deter Fite are im ore fubtile than thofe of Earch, although we cannot difcern fo much, For
fo the cafe ftands with Natural things. that the formis confift not fave ina certain quantity 5 and as they di ffufe not themfelves beyond their Natural bounds;
they cannot be confe erved {ave in acefrtain qutaric ity. This alfo Francifcis De lonivs obferved, who inthe 5. B. of his ea the example of Light, when he wrote ; Th rough there is nor ain ee in quantity,
ngs yet Li ight hath afmalleft in Nature, thatistofay, fo {mal a rake thatit cannot be
*{maller without perifhing.. After which manner there are alfoche tmallett among Natur al Bodies; which if they be any more divided they lots their form and effence. For as Bodies towards their natural fubfiftency do require fome bulk of quantity, which is nothing but the meafure of corporeal {ub ance ; ; even fo Quali- ciesalfo Cunlefs they bein fome degree of excellency) they perith of their own accord. And inPropof, If. Weainrm that Light cannot of its own ftrength and by icfelfexilt folicar ily in any degree whatfoever, but charthere is a:certain limit of {malnefs, beyond which we cannot proceed by andi ng vi rithout vehe deftruction thereof, which therefore we may not unfitly cal the minimum naturale of Light : Duct if i be joynedcoa greater Light, alchough it be {mal, nothing hinders but by help thereof : itmay be fuftained, provided both cogether do at leaft atc ain to'the minimum naturale, or {n pallet nacucal quantity of Light. Moreover, thie s ipbecilli- ty of fubfifting is not proper to thefe Qualiti es alone, which admircthe aiverlity of greater al nd leffer, but alfo cemmon cto al Bodies which vary their magnitude. For as thefe without fain e bulk, fo ae without fome degree of excelle ney cannot free chemfelves from deftruction. For ‘being > attenuated bey onc d their ftreng th they fa I to nothing and pe erifh, no contrary thi ing deftroying them, bur only chrough defe& of that mealure, which being an indifpenfable Law of Nacure,1s requifite toch € plo- per mainrenance of each,one. But‘what he faies of Qualities may be faid much mere of Forms from which the Qualities flow. Now thofe difpures againft Atomes concerning the infi s continued of indiviGblel Lines, are Mae. nec from | | but-Matrhemarical Pri nciples. Forthe Queftionis nor here ( as was faid Bee re) W reeten a thing tinued be per rpétually divilible Mathematically? bur, Agente tr no Nature e ber Generation and refolution of Bodies does not itop ac fome{malleft Bodies,tha which there are not, nor can be any {maller.
{ sf
that wh'ch athe
CHAP.
chp
ideale tionof A One, -; All } Oi, DOL iq Mieeof , au b Moh fl nit cg
Tha tthe
t Dea a On, by Which Men: | ud au
lit Olde heeds, lea
Ne of nV
Gen
Will
Chap. 2. if Mixtures. Age | Was LT PRISE TTT PCE LNT ee ici a LET SECIS THE Te ORL | Chap. 2. Of Mixture. ‘i i i - CVince the Dogtrine of Mixture ts exceeding neceflary rightly to underftand the Generati- Hy iE S on of al Natural Things, and che Foundation wel-neer of al Natural Philofophy 5 itis mW) worth our Labor duly co explain che fames Which that we may the beccer do, we are co Ata know in the firft place chat che term Mixture hath fundry acceptations. — For (a8 Thomas Mixture ii | Eraftus, Difput. 2. Contra Paracelf. partz. p. 195+ Writes) fomtimes te fignities an Flea p oy it il} and Ma(s of chings blended together, as of Rye, Wheat, and other fuch hike things which “Ses WL): keep their furface and Integrity. Someimes it fignifies che compofition of cwo or three, ot. Wii more Bodies, fo confufed togerher, chat chough each retain its own Nature, and chey may be Lit feparated again, yer one Body is made up of al, Such 1s Crama, which ie nade oe Wine M4, and Water mixed 3 whichis nos one in Form, but in continuation only. For although nei- ate cher the Wine nor che Water be fenarable by cheir bounds, yet they are both fo concained Wi! | ainder their Natural Form as Gold is in Silver, which may be feparated by Aqua fortis. i, 4 y Such a Body is Honey and Wine, Honey and Water, and infinite others compounded by } | | Att. Thirdly, icistaken for a Body compounded of divers things, fo chas ofall one thing Heft as made, of a different Nature from al che Ingredients, and having-a fotm quite difference from he cheirforms, And chings fo mixed are truly faid co be mixc bodies, The ficft manner | Cfince rherein no real mixture is made,buc dry thingsare only blended cogether, whicki makes | | ‘no difficuley in our minds) Felius Gafar Scaliger omits, and propounds other chiee, Evercitat. 101. Sett, 1. There are (faithhe) three Manners, Degrees, or Sorts,of Mixcure, Me
——— —— ll ee ee I ea
"The ficft is of chole chings which after they are lended may again be feparated 5 as a mix= ate eure of watecand wine. . For Pliny reports chey are feparated with Veilels of Ivy as he : Hadit from Cato; and wedoit witha clorh. ~The other manner ig as it happensin thofe NH bodies natucal which we cal imperfectly mixed, of which there are two degrees: The ocher Apis | more weak, as ofa Cloud, Ram, Wind, Hail, Snow, Dew, Hoar-froaft, and fuch like. For - chey are éxhalations mixt of divei sElements which may eafily be diffolved. Butthey hang | ig topecher more clofely than thote ofthe firtt fort. The other degree és of a fixmerunion 3 as : sn clods of Karth and ftones, For rhe parts of thele are not eafily feparated one from ano- Heh Ty
there Yet they calthem rarher mixt Bodyes than by any other nobler Appellation, becaule pnt they feem ro them co be things only begun. The third Mixture is of {uch things agfome are eH pleafed after a peculiar manner to Ferm Mixe Bodies. Such are Vegetable and Senfisive mA things. ne Mg 2 ‘ l Wow concerning thefe three Manners, the Queftion is, Whether they are in al mixé bodies Pet made after one andthe fame manner, Which chac we may rightly unfold we mutt know What wia5 itd in che firft place what Mixture is, Now Ariffotle defines ix to be the Union of things Mixes @A/¢ Ms Bit able after they are altered, And Scaliger in the place fore-alleadged 5 That ie is che mo= tion of Acomies ox fmalleft Parcicles of Bodies toa mutual Contact, fo as they may become one. -And he further explains his meaning, and chat rightly, how thac every thing that is, ig fA one, not only by continuacion and privation of pure contiguity, but by act alfo, by vertue a whereof it comes to pafs that thote parts become one body. Nowby Act he means the —. Form, by which ic comes to pats that chofe parts which by their ownnature and aptitude mh might come together co an Union, are become actually ones And he concludes rightly, . ri, That thofe chings which are not one Beeing formally, bue by accident only (asan Heap of ne Beans and Oats blended isone) arenot properly mixcbodies, nor ought fo to be called, bue Hh things jumbled, as Wine and Water, Silver and Gold; fince fuch things are not formally one, but fo many things as there are parts within and without, and only one by accident ¢ which chough it be le(s manifeft co che fenfes, yet isicnothid to the underftanding of wife Men ; feeing they may eafily be feparaced,as Wine and Water by Ivy Veflels,and by cloaths;
and Silver and Gold by Aqua fortis fo called. be
But by al chac hath been faid che difficulty is nor quire removed,not che Nature of Mixture fufficiently explained ; buctwo knots do remain as yet co be untied, which being rightly un- folded. chey bring great Light to Natural Philofophy and Phyfick. For alchough we muft needs grant, thac nothing is tiuly mixed but what is formally one; yet the queftion fill remains: Firft, Whether ic be neceffary shat che mixable bodies which are united by ver cue of one Form, and grow togecher into one mixed Rody, fhould lofe their own Forms? r, Whether in the mixed body they may al under another form retain their own forms ftil ? Secondly, Whether the Elements only aie mixable, and every refolucion into the {malleft 12 particles
et Fy, os
SF Be pete
whether
things gnixable doin the mixture yetain their forms?
‘The Opi- nion of thofe Au- tbers who bold the Forms re= MAIR in the mixt Bodies,
1
Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
parcicles made in reference co Mixture does alwates proceed fo far ascothe. Elements? or whether other bodies more noble than the Elements may properly be faid co be mixed? Both which Queftions muft be explained.
Asto the firft Queftion, That che fame may be rightly explained, we wil only erquire concerningthe Elements. Forconcerning them there is no doubt but char chey are righcly mixed 5 but as couching other Bodies the matter is queftionable. Sut whatfoever fhal be faid of che Elements, tbat hath alfo undoubtedly place in al other mixable bodies. Now there are chiefly cwo Opinions concerning Mixture; the one held by well-nigh al the Anci- ents before Ariftotle, as Empedocles, Democritus, Anaxagoras, Hippocrates, yea, and by very-many Philofophers {ince Ariftotle, who al held that Generation and Corrup= tion are made by the Conjunction and Separation of Atomes, and that che Bodies mixed do retain their forms encire in the thing madeup ofthem. Which manifeftly appears out of Hippocrates, Lib.1. de Vittus ratione, where he writes: What I mean by Generation and Corruption 1 muft explain for the fakes of many, vig. Tobe mixed and feparated. ‘Now thus.tbe matier fiands :. To be generated; and to be mingled areall one, and to be {eparated and corrupted are allone. According to whofe mind, asl {aid before, Ful. Cafar Scali- ger, Exercit.101. defines Mixtion; Thar ic isthe motion of Acomesto the mutual contact one of another, thac chey may beunued. The ocher isthe Definition of Ariffotle. Forhe only feparated from the Ancientsin this point. For thus inthe 1. de Gener. & cor. cap.to. he wrices againft Empedocles: We muft not fay, That fuch things as are mized are mingled hy their {mal parts, which ftill retain their own nature. For that would be a compofition, but not a temperature or mixture, nor would the pari be of the fame nature with the whol, Wefay, Thatif atbing be mixt the parts thereof are onelike another, even as every part of water #s water. “But if mixture be a compofition according to the {mal parts, none of thefe things does happen, but tbat ws only a mixture fo appearing to the fenfe, and that which a dim-fighted man will account mixed, a quick figbted man will difcern not to be mixed. He teaches the fame inthe 2, de generat. © corrupt. cap. 7. pag. 47. the fenie of which place Toletws thus propounds : ‘He reproves this manner of mixture (which Empedocles duppofed ) becaufe oneinconvenience follows, viz. That out of every part of the mixt body ibe four Elements could not beextratted, andfo every part of the mixt body is not mixed: the Confequence ss cleared, becaufe as out of every part of a wall cannot be taken ftones and bricks, becaufe vbere the one x, the other ss not: fo truly it will be ia a mixt body, vobich is made after the fame manner of the Elements. And thas indeed Ariffotle oppoles the Opinion of the Ancients’ but he {fo propounded his own Opinion that hirherta for fo many Ages there hach been Civil War amoneft his Expofitors, what his Opinion was, or how itis €0 be explained; whiles (ome (as Averrboes) do hold that as wel the fubftancial Forms as che Qualities of che Elements do remain actually in the body mixed, only bioken, allaied, andreducedtoamediocricy. Others (as Scots) doceach that the forms and quali- ties. of che Elements do quite perifh in the mixture, and chat anew form of the mixt body is generated, and anew quality, which isthe temperarure of themixt body. Others (as moft of the Latins) doconceive, That the forms of the Elements are no waies preicived in the mixt body, neither encire nor broken, yet they hoid che Qualities remain i the mixc body, but broken and reducedioa mediocrity. . Whofe contentions,to {ec down in this place is na parcofmy bufinefs. They may beread in Zabarella his Book of Mixture, in Tolet, Lib. 1. de generat.et corrupt. cap. 10. and other Expofitors of Ariftotle every where.
There have been found is the mean while moft learned men of no {mal nore, who being moved with che evidence of che ching ic felf, have embraced che Opinion of che Ancierits, as Philoponus, Albertus, Aureolus, Zimara 5. and amongit Phyficians Avicenna,Fernelius, and very many more, who fo ftoutly defend the Opinion of the Ancients’ chat fome of them write, Whoever read their Arguments (if he be not a Mil-ftone) wil confent,and thofe that
ms Boo x IIE.
think otherwife play the Sophifters, abufe the Works of Nature, and deftroy and defile the
Splendor of che Ancienc Difcipline. And efpecially Avicenna comes up directly co che mind of che Ancients, and holds, That che Elements in mixe Bodies do retain their Forms perfect and entire, ‘nowbeit divided and cuc into very {mal'parts, fo that cheir particles compofed and knit together in a certain order do mutually cohere one wich another. er- nelins follows Avicenna, who Lib. 2. Phyfiolog. cap. 6. calsthe Opinion of thofe that hold che, contraty,achildith and vain, nay,a monitrous Opinions and he judges thar chofe who fo chink have concerned che Philofophy of the Ancients. And they do indeed al of them wel, in chat chey adhere firmly tothe Opinion of the Ancients, being moved chereto by moft tum Reafons: but hereinthey cake pains cone purpofe, whiles they would make
| chis
roe
Ci
this | AD fof bil Bale tis Yea Rook 5 xt, | a pet | et real. nelth ding, the A Com Chyo Cc Natu bleC at P i Th brace mucd,
fhdo
fi bodies leat, 84 (0, ten
Lhe} lave fh (kay th; (De Wate i oly Dole thay Akt yer | i yet pate het
Sl oe | xed)
ute | Help hal be
Now
Anci.
sand | type ; Reddo
Out of # Mand
Now
rated § Sealy. j nf Foche Ap.0, | ged | fnton, | hol, tart | one of} which nixed,
which
waocles emit fl it not | IP ve f meet
A
( Wione } |
io being ets, a8
rnc,
ofshed fe chat filet v cote t Forms atic Fer | ole tidt ar tO fl Ob | eheretO lds chu
Chap. 2. Of Mixtures.
eee Di a aR Sc pe aac CTR Re ame ee eo : this co have been che Opinion of Ariffotle 5 fince Ariftotle inexprets words relinquifhes the Ancients in their Opinion, as appears in chat place lately alleadged. Yea, and very many othets who differ from che Ancients faw this Truch, and nothing bug che Aurhoriry) o£ Ariffotle hindred them from tmbracing the fame 3 and if che Authority: of Ariffotle be fet alide, and the poine debated only by reafon, and no vain labor beftowed bow to reconcile this Doctrine with Ariftotle’s words, chat is, Truth with Falfhood, the-cafe is very plain. Yea, Ariftotle himfelt comescothis Opinion againft his wil, whiles at che end of his re