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if chat ; My
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Chap.2 ae
chings : dnd it ink 18 Ui fir ft « le > nat. fa sult. Ci ap. 14s concerning Epi DAP US and Ajcle pt ades he writes, That tho{e who endeavor to being manifett cautes {oc a! Dileates $5 1 conimonly fals out, that either they bring foolifh and ridiculous reafons, or deny chote things v hich even sean nee ic felt confirms,. Andin che third B. of the faculties of fimpie Medicamenrs, chap, . he writes s And cruly it is by us inocher Trearifes demonfte ated, that there are in all thi ngs certain Agreements and Repagnancies of Qualities, and that which is fatniliar is rea~ dily affimilated, but chac which is contrary kil’ boch Plants and Ar anal 3 alfothac thefe fa= miliaricies proceed from the propriety of the whel fubftance. And in ae 5. de fimpl. med. s havea faculty to alter, either {
facult. cap. 2. we have shewed (faies be) chat Medicamen:s
by one quality, viz. By heating or cooling, moiftentng or drying, ot By fome Of rhe
ne lit ies oyned copecher, or by: cheir whol iubftance; as me ft dea dly poyfons , Many An- cidores or amulets, and al Purgets. Which alto he repeats in the fame Book, chaps 17, he 105 23- The fame he ceaches in the 6.8.& 9. de je ined. fac. the q.¢ dé ¢ompo yf, hed
fecu madum genera ose 16. the 8.de compo ff med. fecundum loca, cap. 8. the 13. de Mi sib
do medendi, cap. 6. > Alexander Apbrodifeus writes in his Proce mero che Problems, thag there are infinice thi nps i Naturawhich cant be known ¢ ont by € rene es and are ther efore by Pb v{itzans rermied { Hidden Properties; and he repre Ve Scho @¢who endeavor to rende cthe
2
Cauiés of iuc nes iro i che qualacies ot the Elements, and that th EY iCU rvily botch wp cer- tain. folutions which are adt opeche c ne pre shit and improbable: whom Mefwes and other Arabians dofoflow. But mrhe Age lal paft, fobannes Fernelivs chat mott learned Phy= {ittan a *s largely pane learnediy ma dea thete Qualities in his 2. Books de Abditis Re- in Che Peetace to his fecond Book thus writes. Many i indeed laug sh ar the 1 Demo ocritus , but Democritus 1{ he were to rife from che dead we vould much more nner) laugh at thete Elements we talk of, inafmuch asfeme endeavor to draw hines in Nature from them, The moft acute Fil. Ca) Sc angers 3 in his vercit. Set. 3. writes, Thacicisa pone of extreath Impuderice to refet al chin gs CO {t er its 3 and in Exercit. rol. Seth. 14. thus he bef pe ks Cardan : Whee evri * Alexand dreay {pirie hath fo belovced chee thac thou thouldett pitifully beleeve ix poffible chat rhe per itone fhould draw Iron coit only by che mixcure of the Elements? And in his firft Book of Plant 6, Oreacing of: Tafts,| x¢ hath. this pz Alages But ifany man thal fay, That Taft is made by acoi {pirat 10h of che four firft Qualities, lec him fel me, Whether in any Element’as an Elemene there is any Taft? There iscruly none ata). Bur as neither life proceeds trom the Elements, nor laughter, nor fenfey not underftanding @, nor volantary nio= tion, but from ocher forms befides the. Elem entary 5 even “if does Taft "allo. And though chere were no other ues to perfwadeus chac there are other occult Qualities befides the ‘Elementary 3; we mig ht be facisfied only by the confideration of iS Bond fons, The fame Scaliger in Exercit. 218. S$e#.8. faies: Many of them have Prop riecies difference from the Elémaré tary Qualities, which are concealed from temperate minds, and delude che curious. And Thomas Braftus in his 4. chap. of the Hidden properties of Medicamients € which place I alleadged in che ficft Chaprer) faies, That chey who would reduce al effec sto manifer Qualities do pin nothing, but co be juftly derided by a} oe are eee of the Truth, and skilful in che chings of Nature, Alfo-feban. Prancifc. Ulmus hach detended d, explai- ned, and by many examples proved che faid occule € Qualities, in Lib. 4. de occnlits in re me dic. proprietat.
That which Galen {aies happened to chem chat r¢ reduced al things co firtt either they broug rhe fooiith and ridiculous Reatons; or denied tach things that alfo happened co Santtorius, whoin his Lib. 8.Methbodi Vitand. in Medicin endeavors to reduce hidden and occule properciesro manifeft qualities: W 3 that Subject I chink fic briefly to propound and examine.
But at oe in cap. 3. by wayie fa Ground: work ilo dagnisvanlen Seen Laciulaies of che Soul ao effentia ily diifer from the fubftance of are in che fame predicament therewith, viz.) in che Pred: icamnetie 6 céives | he ie Fougieil of that error concerning occult qual lities to be, s of che whol fubftance, do conceive that ch ey b ‘e, For fuppofe indeed thar tome chere were who conceived the Faculcies of the Sou! ffered nor from che Effence thereot; yet they beld an Krror, And herein we willingly allenc to to Santtorius when he holds the powers of che S Soulare not fubftancess but that che ey cif 3: from {ubftances and are qualities. Buc if fuclthings are fomcimes by Authors acerie iad : dco Faculties which are proper to fubffances, there is an equivocation in the word Potentia. oower or Fac suley, which fomumes (and thag prope tly) wraken fora: qualicy, but
. fomtimes
»
Qualicies, tha¢ as were evidenc, . Error.
hole Diifcourfe of
9) Whether the tte 3 and he con-
* urea lyr ecer SRC RULE HLA aha
y 7b “hether there eare Occult Qu sdlit ties, CHE, 427
e Soul? ‘or i Wea they ™ rius kis
Difeourfe
of Sidden that chofe who hold there © Qualities
long tothe predicament of fub= examined.
ees
be OF ke ge ae ial
A a HE RR: aT nc —_
434
fomtimes (chough improperly) for a fubftance, having a power or faculty toact. And fuch fubftances are not only Souls, buc alfo other forms, as chat of the Load-ftone. forms are fubftances which have their powers of exercifing certain e€tions, all which they donot perform by manifeit, but fome by Hidden Qualities.
Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes.
For all
He labors therefore in vain
San@o- CDaP: while bath by Authorities out of Galen, by reatons and experiments, he endeavors rius bis to-prove, I hae hidden Qualities proceed not from che fubftance, but from che manifeft Qua- arguments lities. For un che firft place, thac which he brings out of Galen, 12. Method. Medend, and examined. orher places, that occul: qualities have their contraries, but fubftances have no contrary, is of
Of the
differences therein he does wel of Occult
Lualities.
nomoment: forthe occult Qualicies arenot fubftances, but qualities flowing from their forms. And if here be any other {uch arguments, they touch not our Opinion, but chat of Bernelius, who holds Dileafes of the Form. Moreover, chat which he brings out of Ga= len, Lib. de Conftit. Artis, cap. 8. and 4. de fimpl. med. cap.15. and 2. de locis affettis cap. 8. deducing unuccerable proprieties from fundry alcerations, allthat wegranc. Buc if on~ ly che ficft qualities be mixed, no occule qualities can arife fram thence, but only a cemperae mene of che firft qualities 3 chough the degree of the cemper or mixture cannot alwaies be fufficlently explained. So, when he fies, rhat of bicrerne(s, (weemness, harfhnefs, and acri- mony mingled there arifes aqualicy, which becaufe it cannot be expreffed by one name, may be termed ineffable or usuccerable, al chac'we grant 3 bus yec no occult quality, fuchas is in the Load-ftone, Poyfons, and fuch like, does thence arife, but only arait, being only a manifeft qualicy perceivable by che Tongue. Of che {ame moment is that which he allead= gesas an experiment, that out of divers colors mixed peculiar colors atife. For whatevec colors are mixed, nothing arifes therefrom but color ; burnoeccult Quality. And although of an hundred other altered qualicies ghe dererminate degiee cannot be known: yet che po- wer of drawing Iron which is inthe Load-ftone cannot be made thereof as he falfly con- ceives. Our of che firft Qualities only temperaments of canpible Qualities are made,
though the determinate depree is not alwaies known; out of colors colors, out of Tatts
Taftsare made. But never out of the firft qualities, or cafts,or colors, can be made the pow-
ex of drawing Iron, or of purging, or of ftupitying like Opium, or {uch as is in che Venom of
the Peftilence. Fromal which ic is manifeft that Sanftorius hath not rightly formed the
face of che Queftion , but dallied wich the equivocation ofthe words Ineffable and Oc-
On ‘Quality, and was ignorant whac that Occule Quality meant which is intended inthe ueftion.
But whereas in the feventh chap. he labors to find out the differences of Occult Qualities, in that he labors to fetch them from the Subject 5 fince che condition of al qualities depends upon the firft Subjects. Buc when heendeavorsto deduce them from che firft manifeft Qualicies,and fecond, as Hear, Cold, Moifture, Drineis, Rarity, Den- ficy, he makes himtelf a laughing ftock, For whereas in che ficft place he conceives the pro- per fubjects whereby the Qualicies may be defined may be taken trom a {ubftance confidered as corporeal, he isexccedingly out. For froma Subftance as Corporeal nothing proceeds but quantity anddimenfions. Buc on Bodies not confidered as Bodies, but as fucnifhed with cercain Forms, the occult qualicies and all others depend. Moreover, whereas he makes the Principle of al Paflionto be Denfity and Rarity, and deduces the qualities both firft and {econd, hot, cold, moift, dry, hard, fote, ftiff, crumbly, rough, {mooth, thick, thin, from Rarity and Denfity,that therein he is inan error is fo clear chat ic needs no proof. And lec ic be granted (truly) chat chofe Qualities proceed from Denfity and Rarity: yet all thefe qualicies ace not occulc, concerning which our queftion is, but tangible qualities. And that is yec more abfurd, chat he endeavors co bring al from Scituation, and faies rbat Scitu- ation is the general kind of al: For from che Scicuation of the parts of a Body proceeds Ra- rity and Denfity, and from Rarity and Denfiry hot and cold, moift and dry, alfo hard and faft, with the paffions, and paflive qualicies.
Of the And he becomes perfectly ridiculous when he writes chap. 10. That he fawin Hungaria eae an IralianGentleman, who when he was near a Cac (though he.faw,ic noc} he pretently
Man ant {wooned, and unlefs che Cat had been driven away would have beenchoaked; and he fup-
@ Cat.
pofes che caufe hereof was Compactnefs and ftraitnels. For chat che Gencleman was nartow chefted, and apt coa Tiflick, and inthe Cat there were three de ftructive things for chofe ia the Tiffick , viz. Its Brain,Breath,and Hair. Therfore he conceives it 1s no marvel if of thefe anew {topping quality was bred which miglic by the exhalation of the Cat be communica ted toa man, and by condenfing choak him. But one ablurdicy being granted, a thoufand follow. For I my felt (and many others) have known {uch as could not enduce the Prefence efa Car, yet ace they nos troubled with che Tiflick, Moreover, if the deftrudtive Faculty be
in
Ci Ee int beat oud ft Bus conv pide tile jiies." Th wich Sec Mets, Tht their p Ifa
as MUC But not fro proret proce thac che there a beput | beput havely which whic
f
beet and whic! fone Povla any on of {und thole ch lucd like Written an effef Osherse Pliny, mora, be lap Attu ing kaon ler tofee Crys four by Ther
a ‘alone
ate Igno
Philofy
' begin Wi | oye
B® Oden
UOpethey
| it Wn
A ES SINS Un cer er
Chap... Whether there are Occult Qualities. arc, 435
a in che Brain,Breath,and Hairs, ic is noc Denfity. Thirdly, If Cats do this by cheir thickning
breath, why do Cats fhut upina Cheft work the fameeffect ? Fourthly, Thofechatare ¥, croubled in chiskind do not complain of che Afthma and fhortnels of breath, but only of ake faincing fits.
‘a But the beft thing in this Difcourfe of bis is that which he hath in chap. 10, where being That there vy convinced by che Truth it felf, he proves by many reafons and experiments, that chete are ue ee ot Hidden qualities which do not arife from che firft qualities, whereof I fhal ad only fome, 2/7"
: 7 : :.
viz. Thole which ditectly prove chat occult qualities do noe flow from. the firtt qua~ rife not licies..- 5 ' ; vom the The firft Experiment is of the Load-ftone, which is notorioufly known to draw Iron, #7, pro which Faculty neverthelefs cannot be reduced to any ficft quality. He by cere i" Secondly, If Doronicum did kill Dogs by vercue of Heat or Gold, it could not cure ; a Men. foie 7
| . Thirdly, If Scorpions did kil by Hear, che drinking of pure unmixtWine would not cure their poyfon.
ain Expes VMEBIS.
| by Ifa dram of Opini kils by its coldnefs, why wilnot an ounce of Ice (which is colder) do , & as much ? bite , |
‘i But che reft of the Experiments which he brings donot prove that occult qualities flow oe not from che firft; yet againft chofe who endeavor to derive al qualities from che firft, they )i 9 provechere ace qualiiies which flow not fromthe firft. For fincealreration and the action Fils proceeding from che firft qualicies is not effected in a moment, buc gradually and in time ; and oe: @ that there are many mutations of qualities which happen in a moment, thence 1c appears thar ‘ug there are qualities which are not made by mucacion of the firft qualities. For if a red Glafe D” be puc before a blue Glafs chere acifes therefrom inamomenta Violet color; ifa blue Glafs ae | be put upon a yellowith Glafs, there arifes therefrom a green color ; Water wherein Galls
haveboyled is clear, buc if Water be poured thereinco wherein Vicriol hath been boyled,
which 1s alfo clear, there arifes a black color in a moment 3 and there are many {uch mixtures
which produce a new quality ina moment. 4 Finally, Whereasin cap. 113. he writes, That the maintainets of occule qualities have A things
been too credulous co beleeve the moft vain reports; 1 confefs indeed that many fabulous 4Ӣ oc
and fuperfticious talesgo up and down; -but in the meantime, al chings are not fabulous havi a
which are {poken of che effects of occult qualities. Doubtlefs thofe reports of che Load- reptied.|
ftones Faculty to draw Iron, of the ftupefactive faculey of Opium, of the Faculties of of accuse
Poyfons,and Antidotes,of the Antipathy becwixc {ome people and Gats,are al moft crue,and Qualities:
any one may dayly experimenc thé fame. And whereas he accounts for fabulous. al thac is {aid
of {undry chings hung about the Neck, or cied tothe Body, he dees it without caufes fince
thofe chings whichare reported of Peony Roory the Elks Claw, the Nephricick Stone, and
fuch like things, are known by Experience to-bereally crue. Svoalfo, thofe things which are
written of the Echeneis be can by no other reafon confuce fave that it cannot produce fuch
an effect by heating, or cooling, or rarefying, or rendring compact, or che like qualiies.
Ochers chere are who account che Narration concerning the Echeneis to be fabulous 3 buc
Pliny, Lib. 32 cap.1. confirms it by Hiftories, thus writing: The Fifl Ecbeneis or Re- 4 Story
mora, beld the Praetorian Ship of Antony in the Aftian Sea. Anda |itcle after he faies: of the
It flopped alfo in our Memory the Ship or Galley of Prince Caius as be was failing from oa
Aftura to Ancium. ‘Nor was there long wondring at that ftay, for prefently the caufe be= Stop o
ing knovon, when of the whol Fleet that Galley only did not ftir, fome leapt out into the vwa-
ter tofeek the caufes and they found the {aid Pifh fticking to the Rudder, and fbewed it to
Caius, who ftormed that{ojmal a thing fhould top bis couv{e, and fruftrate the endeavors of
four bundred Rowers. ‘ee Therefore Franci(cus Vallefivs, Controverf. Med, & Philof. Lib.8. cap. 5+ faies,Thae Tis vide
ic isa ridiculous thing co deny chat which is manifeft by Experience,becaufe we cannot tel che (2M. 18
wi ) =. reafon thereof, As if it were impoflible any thing might happen in Nature.of whofe caufe we mee oe oe aly akeagnocanct. Weare ignorant of moftchings. And therefore they that would in Natural fed becauj fs } = Philofophy find out. che Tiuch, and not fal into wild and fophiftical Opinions, they muft.the canfeis cot | begin with chings knowato che Senfe, and fo proceed to che Caules, and having found them #nw?;
jen. FVOyce inche Works of Narure ; and not finding chem, confeds their own ignorance; but by
ride -O.Means deny chings that are manifeft. For ig is lefs fhameful having found out the effet
ue ee be ignorant of the Caule, which is frequently bid from the moft expert Philofophers, than
hi j —) cogether wich che caule co be ignoranc of che effect, which when you deny, che common pea-
ple wal laugh ac you, and prove it by experience.
CHAP:
NaturalPhilofophical Difcourfes. Boox FL Sr sc a oe al ag aa
Chap. 3: Of the Original of Occult Qualities.
Ow to find out the Original of Occult Qualities isa very hard thing, nor are all men of N che fame Opinion concerning their Rife. For inthe firft place, fome there are who being moved with the evidence of the thing it felf, dare not deny occult Qualities: bur when
NA they come ro fearch out cheir Original, they fal back co the Elements and thet Qualities, and hy |e endeavor vainly to derive the occult Qualities from their mixture and temperament: and ae | conceive the hidden proprieties of rhings do proceed fronva pecultar reper of che firft Qua-
| | lities, which thererOre they term Idiofyrcrafia. Itisnct (truly) fufficiently apparent whae
‘ii am Galen choughr in chis point, fince chat Book which in Lib. 11. de fimp. med. fac. he ptoe ie | hia) mifed co write of things which operate by their who} fubftance, and which he cices in the a) 6. Epidem. comm. 6. text. 5 is Joft chrough the injury of time; yer he feems to encline to We this Opinion, and co reft much in the ficft Qualities. For in the 1.de Element. cap. 7. he Wa writer, That cur Bodies are alcered only by being heated, cooled, dried, moiftened 5 for a y thar thefe Qualities only docotally change through their whol fubftance. And when in Lib. i 3. de Temper. cap. 3. he had faid chat the four Faculties of che Body, Attractive, Retentive, Concottive, and Expulfive, were in every Body efteéts of the whol {ubftance ; headds, chat ‘ied the {aid whol {ubftance confifts of Heat, Cold, Moift and Dry, mingled together, And in Pyle Chap. 4. he teaches us to obferve fora Principle, thac every body hath a certain propriety Laat | of Temper, which is convenient Co this Nature, difagreeingtothac. And hence he gives the Nay reafon why feveral chings are Food or Phyfick for feveral Creatures 5 asfor inftance, Heme qa lock is Food for the Scarling, and Hellebore for the Quatl, which ace Medicaments for men 5 / becaufe the temper of the Starling and Quail can aflimilate che Hemlock and the Heliebore, ( i | which Mans Temper cannotdo. Moft lace Writers have been of the fame Opinion, not be~
| ing able co raife their Minds beyond the Elements.
—,. ... fities cannot proceed from ‘he Elements however mixed, nor from cheir Qualities how- ue vy, ever cempered. Norcana hidden way of Mixture bring in new abilities, bue which way fir Led foever the Elements be mixed and'remixed, and however their qualities be tempered, no- ‘ities cae. thing-aries cheretrom but what is Elementary. And the Proportion of manifeft Qualities not pré- being unknown does.not of maniteft make them occult, but only breeds atemper wherein duce the rhe proportion of the ficft Qualicies isunknowntous. The Elementary Qualities are, and esd . remain even under the unknown meaiure of a Temperament 3 and asin che Temper the SES Qualities do noc change their'Effence, fo neither can chey perform an action cranicénding thei Vertue andattiviry. Forchac isa Rule infallibly crue, That nothing acts beyond
the powers of ics ownkind. And chat Argumsent which Ful. Ces. Scaliger, Exerctt. 307.
Seff. 20, ufes to prove, That the Soul does not arife from the Elements, is doubelets gene~ ralandofufehere. That (faieshe) is inthe powers of the Sou! which was never in che power of any Elemenc, But there isnothing in any thing which was noc actually in its Principles. For the Principles are the acts of chofe things whereof they are Principles. Now in the Soul there isa Faculty tomove forward, backward, to the right band, and co the lefe, which is nor in any Element. There are alfo other more illuftrious powers of che Soul, which arenotinthe Elements. For what Scaliger faies of che Faculties of the Soul, the fame may we fay of che Faculties of the Load-ftone, of purging Medicaments, of Poyfons, and other things. Fornothing acts beyond the vertue of irs own kinds and nothing can work as a Gautie beyond itsown adequate Act; fince it fils the vertue of the Power, And though o= ther vertues be ina mixture than are Co be found in the fimples fingly confidered: yee ehofe Verrues ace no otherthan Elementary, and which che fevera} Elements yoyned cogether have
faid before, if four or morecometo fup together without every man his fhor, chey muft of necellity al faft. For examples fake, If tour colors be mixed, a‘color indeed different from each of the fourarifes, but nothing elfe fave a color 3 noc fuch a faculty asis in Scam= mony. Opi:im, andthe like. After che fame manner, if you mix che firft Qualities, and mix them again, ocher qualities indeed or temperaments wil arife different from fimpleé Hear, Gold, Moifture, Drinefs; bur no other Qualiry wil arife from chence, fave an Ele-
mencary Quality or Temperament. Nor léc any manthink co {cape by faying, That che manifeft Qualities and their Tempe- rament do not indeed of themfelves perform fuch noble actions, but as chey are guided by a more
Burin very deedthe Occult Qualities which act beyond the power of Elementary Qua-
N
) |
== ee ~
poe Chi more! arbed Carvel yi ali Nord a Not noble fervice ince No Form remal fostht the for Forms ix were may ouch hothiy occult ftroys tsar thence thoular
ae
baby ther gicul thin dares fend, and A that P, the Elg inéncar M00 ca
Sealer
hid any
By Ser
Tharal Menary Gad fa crea thes y
B beLler
inthem; and they are che ficft Qualities broken and allayed by their Contraries. Forast.. §
pO»
¢ tole echive i focasl aut of r fect Scan” Fi sid finplt ; n be BF
lites fl here qand 9 et the nding | yond ton pene in the mis Fl Now fi bekft, i bic i; remy i { htt ik aya i
Chap. 3. Of the Original of Occult Qualities.
more noble fpecifick Form. For no Inftrument acts beyond che yercue of usikind, though — it be directed by a fuperior Agent. And therefore as an Artiftufes furdry Tools, as.che Carver his Compafs, Saw, Chizel, Scraper, every of which performs its ufe,: fo.every Fenn ufes its Qualities co fundry actions... And as a Saw when the Carpencer ufes.ic, does faw afunder, but doesnot hew or pare; even fo Hornels where-ever. it is does nothing buc. heat, Nor does the Load-ftone draw Icon, nor Rhubarb purge by heac, .buc by an hidden Qualicy, peculiar co themfelves. ! i Nozx is it credible (fince the Forms of che Elemencs have their Qualities) .that chofe more noble. Forms are barren, and produce no qualities, fo.as co ftand.in need of borrowing the fervice of the Elementary Qualities. Ina word, asthings differ in cheis F orms, fo'do they an cheir, Operations and Inftrumencs, 7 Nor.do they bring any thing betcer-or righter, who hold, That in every: Mixture ainew — Oca le Form is drawn forth, and chat chere are alwaiesnew ones made, the degrees. of the former 2#é/ities remaining, and that wich chefe there {pring forth new Qualities, and that Nacure firtt brings niaoes : forth che Univerfal Forms, and by. their help the particular ones ,: until ac laft the come co of rye as the forms of Individuals 5 and chat from chis contemperation of. Qualicies arifing from divers wer of the Forms and mixture of Bodies, which faving their forme. do pucon che Natureofmaccer Gas Matter, it were) or aptitude, there arifes (chey fay) ap.unexpreffible propriety of semper, which may rightly in fome fort be cermed anoccule Quality, For, co pafs over) other Errors rouching drawings out of Forms, deptees of Forms, and fuch like; thefe- Men alfo favor hothing but Elements, andchat,which they had before righely determined, viz. That an occulcmanner of mixcure does introduce no new. faculcies, they chemfelves afterwards de= ftroy, For {uppofe char many mixcuresare made, and chac with thele alwaies. new Quali- ties arife: yet becaufe the firft mixcure is only of Elements, and no other.cemper acifes from shence but of the firft Qualities, chough youremix things mixed. before an hundred, yea;a thoufand times, nothing but.whar,is Elementary, ‘and no Qualities bur Elementary Qualie ; ties can arife cherefrom, and cherefore nobler adtions than chofe of the firlt Qualities’ cannog be by chem produced. . And if Natural chings fhould be generated after this manner, and by che mediation of Forms. (cheir deprees ftil remaining) a progrefs fhould be made unro par- ticular Forms, and at laft co fuch as are iudividual ; che forms of al chings living, as wel living things as Plants, fhould be drawn out ofthe Elements. Indeed-thae fame Innovator, who wherké dares vent the Dreams hatched in his awn Brain to day or yefter-day for che’Tenets of reve= she forse rend Antiquity, accounts it no abfurdity ; who holds chat the Souls of living things, Plants, of Plas:s and Animals (excepting thac of a Man only) are made of che matter of the Elements, and and Brats thas Plants and Animals (both asco Matter and Form) were-both at ficft produced our of [P78 j che Elements, and ac this day have noother Nature, and remain shrough.al- Generations Ble Eleminssl mentary Bodies an.cefpe both of Maccer and Form. But this grofs and moft abfurd Opi- nion can neichec be by any seafons proved, nor canche invincible reafons of Julius Cefar Scaliger againft che fame be an{wered... Which when he perceived, and, that he could nor find any probable reafon for bis Opinion, nonotto make a flourifh with, he flies cothe hos Jy Scripcures mif-undetftood, and endeavors to {ec ‘Mofes againtt Scaliger,,as if be had {aid, Thag al living and lifelefs things were fo praduced-ouc of che Elements asto confit of Ele- mentary Materials, both in Matter. and Form, and toarife cherefrom ac this day; becaufe God faid, Lec the Barch bring forth, lec the Water bring forch: che living! Creature alfo, Encreafeand multiply. But alchough God faid, lec che Eaceh produce, Jet the Water pros duce 5 yet-by force of thofe words it no waies follows, Thar-Plants and Bruits were made.of the Elements both Body and Soul, and are generated of chem acthis days. fince God then created perfect Plants and Animals in, the Eacch and Water, which as Pr. Funius writes up- on this place, came.out of the Earch and Water wherein they were created, as,Children ove ofthe Womb. Nor doesthe Hebrew word Hotgi: fignifie to give matter, but.co-make and fuffer £0 go out 3. asin Gen. 14, ver, 18. Exod. 8. ver. 18. chap. 20. vere 2» Neemb, 17. & Palm 68.8, Pfalm 104.14. and very many more placesof Scripture, appears. Nor did God fay to the Earch and Water, Encreafe and multiply, butto living Creatures made. by bim, and having cheis feed in chemfelves ; whereof we thal alfo {peak hereafter in our Fourth Diicourfe, Chap. 4. Fulises Cefar Scaliger faies much better in Ezercit. 307. Set. 26. Yea, and I tell them withal, That the form of every perfettly mixt Body, although it be ne Soul (as that of the Diamond for inftance) + a fift Nature, far differing from the four Elements. Andin Geercit, 307. Set.12. If (faies he) as thefe Tormentors or Hang- wen of Souls contend, the Souls rere made of the Forms of Blements, the Forms theme felves corrupted could do more than they could when they werein their Integrity, Bigs m . G safe
NatiireasPhilofophienl Dipeowryes. 0 Boo xi.
caje they. willbave them remaim entire inthe Compound,'ofneceffity they muft be by anotber
power different fron themfelves both mised to certain endvand limited in'certain bounds. For of them attiually ecifting'there cannot: be‘matela thing famply one; (ave by a'(uperior power, wmbich Arittocle calls the Beginnmeg of Living things. \ Avie aPthé Reafehs which prove it, até moft firm ' For who is itthatonfiders héw Gn Phifits} the Roots Trunks, Leaves, Flowers, Boughs/are'fc' wonderfully and varioufly thapeda¢cording to che Variety of forcs, in refpect of magnitude, figure, Scicuation, color, and withfonmmch Art and con¢ ftant Symmetry, as chat ng Geomecrician or Paihtercanexprels al chatAtt;’ wil beleeve Phaeal'thefethings are wrought by the Eleiwencaty mater? ‘who'wil°beleeve chat the moft noble Fabrick} not only of Men, buc'of Bruits} ts’ producedPby an E lenietitary Nature?) Who wil derive the Sagacity of Dogs, the Prudence (thar Pmayfo'fpeak) “of Elephants, she Craftof the Fox, the Mapnabimity of the Gion,: the’ wonderful’ works of Bees, Pifmires, and other Creatures, from che Elemencary Nature?” And therefore from Hence (as was faid)
, Scaliger frames an invincibleargunient, Bxereit. 307. Seti 20! "That isin the power of the
Soul which voas never in the power of any Blement..° Bras nothing w in’ any thing which was not'atually inits Principles. F or'the Principles are the uss of thofe things whereof they are Principles. Inthe anfwering of which Acpumerir, the forélaid Ponovator’ takes pains tono purpote. - For ficft; he doth féekco elude chae*fame Axionie, “Thac’ Principles are the Acts of chofe things wheteof they dre Principles by Taying thar Matter alfo ts a Prins ciple, and yet isnot the act of-a'ching. "But who fees tiet chat Scalizer Ipeaks of the foriial principle;Sthe Caufe of actions, ‘and chat ‘che form is ofreh tétmed the Prificiple by way of Eminenices>. Nor yet isit abfurd co fay, that even matcer alfoin ice way hath an ad. Indeed it is not the act of che Compound whith che Form affords, yéeeis' icin che mean while afab- france by it felf5°and as Scaliger in Bxercit. 54 fpeaks,* itis rhae which tt is by an Effence proper to i¢felf.: And Byercit. 17. The Maccerhath icsiquiddity whereby ic is fomwhat,
whether ‘and differs from other things. And the Matter gives Quantity to al chings:” But againft that there be ‘orher-Axiome, ‘That there is nothing in ay thing which was'not actudlly Gn’ its Prenciples, nothing im he can bring no reafon. | Verily that which‘one ‘hath’ not he'canhor give’ co another Matty,
e ae . and unlefs che Earth were heavy, the Fire‘ hot; nomixt Body would be heavy or hot.” And agian doubrlefs, noaffection can be iia Compound which may not be refetred eichef'to the Maccer
Principles. or the Form, ‘Yet he endeavors to evade the fame by fomeinftances:” And in the fir it place
he objects the Heaven, how that ‘it is a}'things in ref pect of its working Power.” But (which himfelf confeffes) the Queftion isnor concerning external efficiént caufes, -but éffencial in- ternal Principles; and the enquiry is, ‘Whether there be any ching inthe’ Gompound which
‘\ does not depend upon the internal effential Principles, ° Alto the Heaven ic felt 1s an univec-
fal, and nota particular Caufe, Moreover! he objects life whichis from the Sow), but not inthe Soul. Buc he ought cohave obfervediwhac very-many ‘of Arifidtle’s’ Expoficors da
Life, bow nore upon the 2: de Anima, cap. 1. that Life is caket) two marther of waies + Firft for fub+ many wais Rangial Life, ftom whichas@ Fountain Vital adtions'proceed; whith is in'che’ Soul; which
eaken,
_ gg the Root of al vicel’ Powers and Actions, an which fence 4ri/fotle“himfelf takes Life, 2. de Anima, text. 37.2 when he writes, ‘To live is che Effence of living’ things.” Secondly’ *r#s caken for the Vical Operation; or atleaft for the power Of exercifinie chofe vital actions, whereof che forefaid fubftancial Life is che Principle 5" which being af accident; ts by'many called Vita accidentaria,‘ a¢cidentary Life, )/ And therefore uinlelsthe$ au) had liteactual- Jy it could not communicate the fame co ‘living Creatures: | Here indéed the Paradox-mon- ger (eeks an evafion coavoidchisdiftintion | by attributing this eflentiaPEifeonly toche Ra- tional Soul; andche other:accidentary tcoBruit Beafts. Buche briigs io reafon‘of this dif- ference.’ Contrariwife,: all che Expoficorsof Arzftotle do atteibuce Life in both Sences to al Living things. \ And afterchefame manner; asthere is'in Manan Effetitial Life, from! whence proceeds an accidental ‘(for a Maniihach not one!/Soul to make hini’a Man, atid andther ro make hima Living thinp.}:even‘fo im Bruits.alfo and Plants ‘fromthe eflential Life ic felf
proceeds thac accidencary Life. Yet thereisthis difference, Phat in Mai by Death thée’acci- -
dental Life is abotifhed, theeffentia] remaimuing 5 “but'in Bealts, boch éflerieal and accidental oe by pecifh.: “Which :chings wereoneceflary to:be faid"in ‘chis placé*forsdefénce Gf the ruth. bye a i gig avetlnee Wiad wale .n.qedd shu: Moreover;: If Occult Qualities did flow from the Elemencsjthere fould be no otBer fim+ ple qualities in Naturebefideschofe firft ofthe: Elements, ‘bucal thould bée'tempers Of che firft, and:1o.compounded)» which is falfe.) Far the occurle- Qualities are’ pérfedtly timple, and arife from cheirfimple forms5 {ince chofe laft forms ace not batten ahd ile} but produce cer kainpeculian Qyahties,: Korasfrom the-fimple formof Fire flows hears Lo fram the form Soe | of
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Chap. 1. Of the Original of Occult Qualities. Bia Bisa Ct Gas We ee ot
of che Load: ftone flows che Faculty of drawing Iron, which isa fimple Quality 5 from the Form in Rhubarb flows the Qualicy and Power of Purging Choler, which is a fimple quas lity; and the fame holds in al otber Occulc qualities. . For the moft good and great Gad bach not drawn al Forms out of the power ot the Matter, but creared al things, and gave them their Forms; and thofe noc idle and ineffectual, and void of Forces, but endued with cheir. peculiat Qualities, Proprietiés, and Activities. | Some alfo there ace who conceive thefe Qualisies are infufed from the Heavens, But whether ‘fihce they cannot deny, That al Quialities and Propriecies do flow from their Forms, they pad as:
39
aré forcedtoprant chat chefe Qualicies alfo though they come from Heaven, yet it is ie ow from without che afliftance of their Forms, Buc we have el{where proved, chat che Forms come not from Heaven.
Al which Conceits therefore being falfe, it is moft rightly detetmined and held, That as ‘The trae al other Faculties and Proprieties, fo thefe alfo do flow from cheir Forms. But what chofe fh Forms are we muft now enquire. Which chat we may do mote readily and Eafily, we muft earitee firft thew che differences of thefe Qualities according to their Subjeéts, or of the {ubftances The dif= to which they belong, whereby it wil appear that they have not al one Original. Bodies are ferences of fome Living, others Lifelefs ; and.of the Lifelefs {ome have had life, as Rhubath, Worm- of Gccute
C2 alizies
leaven?
3 f " A 2 i if 5 alities _ wood’; others neither have ir, nor ever had. All which if they be diftributed into cheir 24445
Rabks as they oughr, fix differences there will arife of Occult Qualities, in reference co their Original,
For in che firft place there are certain hidden and wonderful Properties, which alwaies - Occult aré found in fome {arts of living Creatures. An examiple of chefe we have in the Echeneis, qualities Remora or Stop-fhip, a Fith fo called, whofe ftrange force (as athets, fo) Pliviy admires in Cate lib. 32. cap.1. Let winds blow (faies he) andthe florms rage,a very littlePifh mafters their living f fury, and bridles all their firength, forcing the Sbips to fiand ftill in the Sea 3 which no thi Gables could do, no maffie Anchors. It curbs the violetice, and tames the rage of the wind without ary pains toit elf, not by holding the Sbip, nor by any other way than flicking to thefame. ‘Tha little Creature is {o powerful againft all the ftrength of wind and Tide, as to ftopthe Sbips in their way. But Armed Fleets barve Towers built upon them that they might fight in the Sea.as froma City wall. Alas for the vanity of Man-kind! when a little Pifb balf afoot longcan arrett and hold in bondage their Men of War armed for the ‘Bight with Brafand Iron. Sofar Pliny. And this 1s performed by the faid Fith only when icisalive, Allocis wel known what force the Torpedo hath, viz. How ic doés noe only benum chofe that couch ir, buc ic {tupefizs the hands of Fither-men chrough the Net ic felf. And fome relate when ic fwims away alive, if a man ftir the Water wich hishand ic numshishand. And yet being dead che faid Fith is Food forfome People. How admira= bie the fotces of a live Bafilisk are may be teen in otic Epitomy of Natural Philofopby,