Book 1

ever it harh of act, ic receives from Heaven 3 andif ar any ime al! che Klemencs were as firft .
)
I cy
glttat a un él cif oft rude Bench ned
fave 00 | the Fi
genet ayatl mind onek robe and 0 (a th
| fell
B Atome Hiding BH tilono 00k: hg
hema rer a} widtel theta red wh orwhal
i ' Bis | here,
whatl Fore ant ak wh nam: of th
| frau
4v and
An on: yt 1, that eflentig
Tree: 4
Stoo the form OP
thing
Heyl) { be iy living
yay;
Cufe | Ot Ali Othhed Body crea bein
sy A Y Con. tty. | lich they
td the aNd {y )Ceach MS and D theip hoy | hah eines i Ho, | dens; t alter ‘of he othe fi chu fl itmate perate,
lealiye
Saas
# theie j | ‘think atl | | Ms te 10 fue
' todas C180. | ‘othe Bl ot th ; receive nfelves
Yate rein be
ying |
Chap. sf OF the Form,
al that hath been done : they choughc afcer che fame manner, that bythe ation of {ome excer- nal Agent ( yet what that Agent fhould be they have noc cleerly enough explained, lurking under che general cerm of Nature, whereas a f{pecifick caufe ought co be rendied of every {pe- cifick Effect)fome difpofition was brought into the matter, upon the final perfection where= of the form {prung up in a moment : ‘and they faid that it was drawn out of the power or ap= citude of che macrer. But they were herein ina very greac Error: For when: of Wooda
Bench is made, ora Srcacue ; ora Jug ismade of Barch, a Globe of Wax, there is nothing ference be~ induced but a certain Accident, Qualicy or Shape, and there is then:no power of che matteriwixt Ar--
But here che Queftion is concerning the original of a Subftance, Yertificial and
fave obediential.
423
The dif-
the Production of even artificial chings might have brought chem coche knowledg:of che?#/#14
generation of natural chings if they would have weighed the matter more accurately. For: as artificial chines are produced by an actual Agents according to adererminate Idea in the mind of the Artificer, and foevery thing is not made by every Arcift, but a Carver makes
_ one kind of work, a Box-tmaker makes another kind: a Carpenter makes another: foalfo
co che generation of every natural ching ‘a determinate and fpecificial Agent is requifice, and one chatis an Agenc actually which according cothe Power given ic by its Creacor (asthe Accift works according co the Idea or Patrern in his mind) makes a work like it felf. Herein only is che difference, that the Accift in che artificial generation is without che matter ; bue in things natural, the Arcift is in the matter, and diffufed through the mar cer at Galen {peaks, de Caufis procat. (” Caufis pulfuum. Nor canany external ching, whatever they fhal feign, be admicced for a decerminate caufe, fince none is like unto and as they fay )univocal co the ching generated, or hath ac leaft chac fimilitude co the ching genera ted which che Paccern inthe mind of che Accift hath tohis work, be it Scatue, Por, Bench, ocwhatever. For indeed Nacure is an inecinfeca] Are; Arcanex‘cinfecal Nature. Now Nature hath this Art from God, the foot-fteps and Prints of whofe wifdom appear every where, inMen,in Bees, in Pifmires, inthe leaves and flowers of Trees, and al natura) things whatfoever upon which the Creator hath imprinted his Image when he gave them Forms, For every Form isa participation and Image ( after ics manner) of the Power, and Wifdom, and Goodnefs, and Love of God: and every Being or ching, by ics form, hath a defice to be, a Knowledg how co be, anda Powercobe. And all chings natural have by their forms whatever they have, and from che form proceeds the whol Fabrick of the Body, and the or- nament of Accidents 5 and many Qualities which are vulgarly ill accributed co the mixcure of the Kiements and the cemper of cangible Qualities do flow from the Form, andallche furniture of che Body proceeds from the Form, asI thal hereafter fhew more at large in the 4.and 6. Difcourfes of chis work.
Effects.
And alchough in che Forms of chings we meet with many Particulars worthy of admiratie The Pros on: yet forms have chiefly three Proprieties which are diligently co be obferved : The finft Pts of
is, chat che Forrn of tc felfhath no Quancity, nor can ic be divided ; and the fame can be as effencia}ly entire and compleat ina imal Quantity, as ina great Bulk; and in the fmallett Atome or indivifible Parcicle of Fire, or Water, is as perfect as in a great Quantity of either; and inafmal Seed of Poppy or Tobacco, asin a great Plant of either ; or to avoid all oc- cafion ofcavilling, ina liccle Sprig {proucing from an Acorn fec inthe Ground, the form of an Oak is as peclect and compleat as in the Call and hard Oak afterwards : nor is the Soul which is in a fmal\! Seed or Shoot, Jeffer chan chat which is aftecwatds in a call Tree: not ts that in an high Tree greater chan chat in a {maf Seed or Branch. Secondly, Yer 1s the form extended according to the extenfion of the Matter, or rather the form fils its whol Macter: For whereas, that I may demonftrate chis by che Example of Plants, the whol Body of che Plant lives, is nourifhed, grows; the foul which was at firft ina {mal Twig, diffufes ic felf ( its natuce becoming no bigger) into she nouriflament newly adjoyned 5 and where ever the Body is which lives, there the Soul is righely faid co
bes’ andthe plenitude ( if I may fo {peak ) or Replency of the Soul is juft fo preac.as the
living body, and che dimenfions thereof, For fince no act is performed without fome pris mary Agent 5 whereever there is nutrition, there of neceflicy che Soul muft be. And be= caufe Augmentation is made, when che pre-exiftent Soul communicates ic felf co the afflu- ent Alimenr, whofe Bulk reaches further chan the Body which is nourifhed, and diffufes or theds is felfabroad chereinto:; of necefficy ic muft be prefent in every part of che whol Body. © After the fame manner the cafeftandsin Animals, For fince they are nourifhed, encreafed, and endued with che guift of feeling; che foul whichis but one, muft of neceflie ty be in al parts of the Rody,
E 2 Thirdly
424
4
ee nn
ll AP | | 1 } if
. | Nee Natural-Pbilo/ophical Difcourfes. Boox I: Thirdly, Buc.although every form be of it felf uncapable of being divided ot patted, yet becaule icis coextended or ftretched ouc together with a corporeal body, whichbath Quan- “city, by the divifion chereof it becomes capable of number, and is mulciplied intomany In= dividuals, and evety form hath che Power of felf-multiplications Howbeic the mannee ofthac multiplication: is not oneand the fame. In fome Plants in which che feminal mac- cer is difperfed: through cheic whol Bodies, the foul though of is felf not fubjed co Quan- tity, is divided afcer a manner peculiar toit felf according co che divifion of the Matter, and being actually but one in number is_ manifold potentially, chac it bach in.ica fitnefs, power, or aptitude to become many and becomes actually manifold, when its Body isdivided inca manyparts; of one Vine many. Vines, and of one Willow or Wichy many may be made. Buc in others this fame Multiplication is caufed by Seed : of which we fhal {peak more at large in out Difcourle of theGeneration of living Things.
Chap. 4. Of Privation.
mu ft here alfo ad fomwhat concerning Privation, which is reckoned amongft the Prin-
Privation. Ab ciples of nacural chings.. Since che original of che form is fuch, as hath been explainea
suft now, and fhal be hereafter explained more at large; Privacion unlefs rhe nature there. of be rightly opened, is in vain reckoned amongft che Principles ofthings nacural. The ve~ ry Expoficors (truly ) of Ariftotle themfelves dogtant, thac Privation isnota Principle, otherwife chan by accident, if you regard the thing icfelf confticuted ; bur if you conliden rhe Generation thereof, ic is of ic felfa Principle, viz. becaufe it is as a Term from which, ( fince ic is che abfence of the form in the immediate Matter )) which bath an aptitude to re ceive the fame: Which opinions if they are tobeallowed, they do ftand alcogecher in need of a convenient explication. For that which is wont commonly to be faid, that Privacion though it belong not of ic felf tothe Effence of chings to be generated, yet ic concuts of 1¢ felfto natura} Mutations, and from it all nacural Generation proceeds, fo that the form doch (asic were) arifechereout; that is falfe. The abtence of the form helps nothing to che Generacion;buc be fides the mattera di{pofition to receive che form is neceffary, For evs- ry Form and Soul, fince from the divine Benediétion ithatha faculcy co mulciply it felf, At requires macter wherein to be propagated, and ic difpofes and fits the fame for ic felt. Plants (for example fake ) produce Seeds or bulbous roots, and Eg-engendring Creatures produce Eggs, other living Creatures produce feed, by which they areable co multiply themfelves and to communicate fomwhat of their Effence. If they pleafe cocerm chis dilpo- fition Privation, ‘they fhalhave my confent. Buc they donot cleerly enough explain how che Form follows Privaction, and whenceic proceeds. The Conimbricenfian Collegiates do fay indeed, Lib. 1. Phyf. cap. 9. Queft. 9. art. 2. chaethe matter then only attains an immediate and compleat aptitude, when 1¢ is arrived coche Term and Fulnefs of all che Ac- cidents wherewith itis.di{pofed and ficced by the Agent, which cerm becides only inthe ve~ ry moment it felf of Generation. And very true (indeed) ic is, chat difpoficion of che matter whereby ic is fig for che mulciplcation of the form is made in time, and ac laft perfected inamoment, nor canthe Seed of a Pear ofan Apple be termed properly a Seed, cil the accomplifhment of che accidents is prefenr. Bucehe Form isnot ablent, while thefe previous difpofitionsare made, 10 as to refult’ upon chéir accomplifhment 5 bur it 1s already prefenc, andit felf according to che nature of the Body whereof ic isa form, fits che matter wherein it may multiply icfelf, andelaboratesche fame, and in this elaboration fome fpace of time is {pent, more or els according co she Noblenefs or Bafenels of che
matcer, juft chen che Form which before had a power to multiply it felf, doth mul- ciply-it felf aétually 5 as for example fake, ina Poppy look how.many feeds are gene-
rated, fo many times:doth che form of the Poppy multiply ic felf, and fo new Plants of.
Poppy ace generated. +> The foul in an unripe feed is noc different from chac in the fame {eed when ic is ripe; but herein lies che difference, that che feed unripe lives only with che fouldfehe Plant ; and being feparated from the Plant wherein it was bred ic cannot exift ofitfelf; buta perfect and ripe feed is fodilpofed, chac though it may be feparaced from the Plant wherein ic is produced, yet it hach the famefoul in ic felf, and lives now by its ownfoul, fo that iecan exift by it felf. © Of which matter J. Caf. Scaliger faies tightly, Exercit. 6. sett. 10. A Tree (faithhe ) engenders, rben tt produceth feed. But the Tree is not then generated whenit fprouts out of the feedsbut then that which was formerly ingen-
dred
1 hee!
} 7 5 '
8 api
~
aS
age
Cha
oa, Hare? | Pit
het ec isl
Tob a} Nat fen
anotbe
Sec be lee éntet
the for form 0 thefot {600 thet faint ayit bu Sou Pri papi Se fittt a called telly nthe
therein
H Wilaor
there is
Mi ofa Sor
And
H cimat' on, Hy oheca i Seale Forms: but when it hath introduced the utmoft perfection and accomplifmenc invo the - j :
fy Whi tear
aah fotyg
Fo iG) Pounc
Dogs
| 2%,
Cony tobe { Wy
Prine J Dlalieg there. The vee ape Onutdey Which, i 10 need faa vation ie of ndath tothe ‘or eve il i lef h it felt, reales
wliply | dip inhow fl legis
t
tains af
| the Ace i there p ofthe and at perly a i opetly a
wile
q
wr 18 | A
‘
oration Be
cof the oti | |
rf, fits | }
Chap, Ae
dred andimperfett, is perfetted. But if any man wil chus explain the vulgar Doctrine of Privation,and fay chat after the matter hath received al its accomplifhment of Accidents,chen ghereis'a Privation, and chat chen afterwards in a moment the Form is incroduced by an exe ternal Agent,that man is very much out,as thal hereafter be largely declared in its place ; and it is fufficiently proved by Fulins Cafar Scaliger, Exercit. 6. Sett. 5.
To be brief: In che firft place, Privacion (however it be explained) does not belong co Te Na-
al-Natural things, bue.co fuch alone in which here ig Generation, and therefore it cannot Paule, f
explained,
be numbred amongft che moft general Principles of Nacural things. For in the Heavens there isno Privation properly focalled. For fince it fuppofes a fubje& having apticude to another Form, there is no fuch aptitude in Heaven. |
Secondly, Privation (which alfo the Expofitors of Ariféotle themfelves do teach, as. may be feen in Tolet. Lib. 1. Phyf. cap.o. Queft.21.) isnot a Principle of Conftitucion, or which énters che thing generated, to belp make ic up, but of Generation, .
Thirdly, Though ic fhould be admurced for a Principle of Generation ; yec they who main- tain che Doctrine of the Eduction of Forms out of the apticude of che matter, cannot con= veniently fhew what Privationis. But if we bold the multiplicacion and propagation of Forms, Privation may (noc unfitly) be sxplained two manner of waies.
Firft of all, Since Forms ate propagated not without Matter, but with ic, and every Form requiesa peculiar mater 5 chat fame aft difpofition tothe reception and propagati- on ofthe Form may (not altogether unficly) be called Privation: and it may be thus defi- ned. Privation is che abfence ofa Form ina Matter which is immediately fitced to receive thefame, Toexplainthething by Examples: In a Stone there is no aptitude to receive the form ofan Apple, orofa Dog; and therefore we donot fay there is che Privation of che form ofan Apple ora Dog. So neither is the Soul of a Dog propagated wich his Blood, nox the form of an Apple with the pulp or meat thereof, but with the feed. And feeing che feed is NOt generated in amoment 3 torexamples{ake: The feed inan Apple is firft white, and then ic becomes black and ripe, and apt to receive che Scul of an Apple intoit, and alfoto re= cain the fame, being {eparaced from the Tree: in the feed alceady ripe, and which hath alrea- dy in icthe foulof.an Apple, Privation is not {aid co be becaufe the Soul is alceady therein 3 but in chac fame feed whichis juft ready co ripen’ and is immediately fitted coreceive the sou), and co retain ic, though ic be feparaced from the Tree, Privation is faidto be ; and then Privation is that fame ultimate difpofition of the feed whereby 1c is ficced co receive and pro- pagace rhe form of an Apple.
Secondly, Becaufe neverthelefsin thac fame ripe feed the Soul is prefent, ac leaft in ics firft adt, and bdecaufe ic wanes Oxgans is not vulparly called an Apple-tree, as.an Ege is noe called an Hen for the fame Reafcn : Ifany man by reafon of che abfence of chofe Organs ne- ceffary co perform the actions ofan Apple-tree or an Hen, fhalcal char difpofition which is inthe animated feed and Ege, toreceive che Organs, and exercife che actions by a fecond a&@,Pcivation ; and hold chat inthe Eg there is che Privation of an Hen, becaufe chere is therein an immediate aptitude to become an Hen, confifting of a Soul and perfeét Body, I wil net quarrel or contend with that man-; provided he granc, thae in fuch a Seed and Ege there is not {imply a privation of the Soul, fince it is chere not. che ficft act but che Privation of a Soul futnithed wich bodily Organs neceffary to perform its actions. !
And truly, I fee che moft learned Ariftoreleans when they perceiye che Tenet of Ariffotle cannot be otherwife explained or defended, they can find in their hearts to embrace this Opi- nion. — Icis one and the fame thing they fay, which Ariffotle names Privation, and which al~ fo he names the F orm, whofe abfence,afcer ics manner, 1s Privation, viz. Ina divers refpec. Scaliger, Exercit. 6. Sett. 5. There is inche Seed che forming Soul, going before the Soul for which ic prepares that Houle; oras Zabarella, in hisB. de facult. anim. cap. 14. fpeaks, the animated feed isa certain Matter cut off by the Animal it felf. which ingenders, retaining an attive power ablecogeneratealike Animal. For the feed of a Man hathan implanted force init, whereby (as Ariftotle {aies, 2. Fhyf.) the Humane Nature is not as it were a Form, but asan Arcificer, or immediace Agent. .And therefore, (in che.former refpect) it is an internal Principle of the ching tobe formed ; and although it do not inform that com-
ops feed, an Horfes feed, &c. And therefore Ariftotle cals Privation the Form as it were
2 Pbyf. cap.1.t. 15. in ce(pect of che form confidered after the latcer manner, viz, of the
Compound, Inafmuch therefore as ic difpofes the Matter, and isthe Archireét of che parts
to be formed out of the feed, fo farit is cermed Privation. Andit is in realicy a fubftance, and ic is only cermeda Non Ers, or a Non-being, inrefpect of che Form which thal animate the
mT Gkhrnaay oo
PRI ROSY A te a oe care ASU AIAG, CE Tan ERE SS Me eM pS 426 Natural-P hilofopbical Difcourfes. Boar? ae YI eM eltrste Se oe sy aa srioemamods ac ot ;
che parts generated out of thefeed. For it‘hath not yecthe Office of aform. $a chat paf+ = fape in Lib. 2. de Generat. animal. cap. 1 is tobe underftood with a grain of Sale, where ; | fonts Ariftotle celsus, chac the Soul ts poxencially in the feed. For as the pacts of che’ Body are pat not actually inthe feed: fo neither is che Soul in che Seed asa Form, foas togive Effence to | Nauut
the parcs of the compound, which are to be framed out of theSeed. Mean while it is actually
in che Seed, as a principle of acting, that che living ching may be generated, as Ariftotle pro- = J cap 1 ids feffedly difcourfes in the forefaid place. To which purpofe alfo Fulius Cefar Scaliger in aut
a Exercitar.6. Seé. 5. chus writes. Concerning this matter we are thus to think: That daat ae iy the Form is in the feed of a Dog, in the aptitude whereof it 1 faid to be; becaufe the Seed pte ah | is able to give that Form which it bath in it felf. Nove it is reduced out of that remote con i aptitude which is the firft att, to a neer aptitude which is the fecond ath, vize That the tect 1a ‘Form may be in the fame ‘Matter after {uch a manner as to need no belpstoenjoyiisendfor | ink a robich the vebol Compoundis ordained, It muft therefore be declared after what manner | at if . itis brought forth by preparation 5 in cafe the Form it felf be author of tbat preparation. aS Fis aaa | he Por the Form does both alter the whol, and order the parts for its own accommodation. one BBY | i The Form therefore fhould draw it felf forth. Therefore tbey {aid not wells That when and D wt it fhal attain the greateft perfettion of preparation, then alfo it foal arrive to the fubjtantial | mnt. ¢ Form. For the Form it felf exifts before that : therefore it does not arrive to it, but to Bad! the att thereof, whereby it may afterward enjoy the ufe and benefit thereof. After which | after
manner if any man wil explain Privation, I willingly fhal allow chereof. Yee this is cere gy AW
tain, Thac the vulgar Doctrine of Edu@ion of Forms cannot ftand wich this Opinion. |
ee im aemi he reousd ae | : , Bunt ie | | Chap. 5. Of the Conjent and Diffent of things Natural. A qian aha wal eu ney “RY Ow asthe Forms are che fic Caufe of al Actions 5 foin regard of their Forms there is ee ae ri ee sd a Confent and Diffenc of al Nacural Thiogs, and fome things havea friendly apperice Qi i - Dien , One £O anocher, and unite chemfelves ; others are averfe one co another, and fly one from dicin ha | of Natural another. ‘For things like do exceedingly covet Union. For ibat rbichis not one 1s not big my things. atall, So,that pobich is feparated from its like feems al(o to defraud the (ameyandthatit ford Me is defrauded thereby of the compleatneft (as it were) of its Bffence 5 for [donot fay they |g Ht le are two fires, but one divided: As Scaliger writes, E.xercit. 310. Seft. 2. Seeingtheretore ( tor valk every ching requires its own Gonfervation; icattains the fame by fhunning things contrary, 0 A by moving co things like, and by drawing like things unto it felf. Hence Fire unires to aie ait | Fiié, but flies from Water ; and Water unites to Water, but flies Fire. Hence Water B Liguo “AM {prinkled in the Air or on duft gathers ic felf into round drops like balls co defend ic felf by a | f from the Earth and Air. Henceafmal flame is moft {wifcly drawn toa greater, ora liccle 2 tor} jam i flame does move icfelf to a greater. The fame is done inthe Air. Hence thofe Bubbles | tel sy | ll which are made on the Water do moveone to another, and fo much the fafter by how much 1B Love \ they areneerer. So (as Pliny writes, Lib. 2ecap. 105.) ‘Napbtha is of great kinco Fire; | Meaty 1 ho and the Fire leaps to it if ic come neet the fame. So chey report Medea burne her Rival, ings, T Hh her Garland taking Fire as fhe came to the Altar to Sacrifice. Hence we fee thatif Water | onan
| be fprinkled mto boyling Oy! or Tallow, or melted Lead or Antimony, the fire flies feom [9 Mite
: che water asan Enemy, raifes a flame and mounts alofe; fotharfomtimes water pouredinto | bawhe
boyling Oy! or Tallow, hath been the occafion of fetting Houles on fire. And here Hiero= 9 veh 6a different mind, whoin bis Book de Sympath. @ Antipath. — |] hou
ht nymus Fracaftorius %s © ae i. cap. 5. demies that one ching is moved to another by reafon of fimilitude, fo that it may be Wate] tat) united hereco ahd preferved 3 becaufe che part feparated can neither by knowledg, nor by | tile, Nature, be’ moved coits like pact. Andthat itknows not, hethinksic a cleercafee Buc ban
‘A Natural without Reafone For as there isa cercain Nacural Appetite which they commonly cal In= Bui Appetite, Pingt Nacural: fo there 1s a certain natural knowledge diftincét from fenfe and underflanding. = J they
ge aie Ror nochingcan feck after any thing as pleafing, or flieic' as difpleafing, unlefs ac have fome aceat rat Know- . . ledg. natural knowledg of the gratefulnels & fitnefs of the one, and che ungratefuineds 8 unfitnels | youn, « Gf che other. For nothing 18 deficed that is not fire knowns By chis kind of knowledg Plants Lon,
, do know fuch Nutriment asis fic for chem, defire and draw the fame cothem; and whacis | & Wied : oconvenienc for them chey lec alone; and chat which they have drawn, they warn forme of'ic baa
into Bark, ocher fomeinco Fruit, other fome into other parts. Of which Hippocrates, de) Natur
Nat. bumana, text.3 1+ Sach things a grove and arefown, vobentbey come into the Larth, te
every one draws tbat wbich in tbe Earth is moft familiar thereto, as tbere is bitter, foreety, |B lit,
fowr, ~ | ty
eels
neine |
thatit | y ey
etloe
nary, | rest W ater it fell
e tom FI rf TiOH |
1 {ele F ibbles vc oF it; Rival, t| Waiet ij ‘fon J edii0t0 Fi
'
_itfelf deicends co the botcom by its Naruralheavinefs;
Chap.5. = The (onfent and Diffent of things Natural. fowr, and allkinds. Soin the Crifis of Difeafes, by a Natural Knowledg Nacure knows and expels a vit ious humor, and retains the good and profitable. By chis Natural Knowledg Nature many times feeks range and hidden waiestoexpel humors, And amongit he prin- ciples of the Nature of things Galen reckons this alfo trom ‘Hippocrates, 1. de facult. nat, cap. 12, That Nature performs al things attificially and juftly, as being furnifhed with Fa- cuities whereby al che imal particles do draw convenient juyce co themfelves, and whenit is drawa they make ic grow and ftick coevery part, and ac laft aflimilate the fame; and whac in che mean while ehey have nos been able co vanquifh, and chac which wil receivenoaltera- tion, nor become any waies like the ching which 1s cobe nourifheds thacthey reject by ano- ther faculey, viz. the feparative. Andin che fame place, Lib. 3. cap.13. he wries: That al the particles of che who! Body have a power to draw to themfelves that which is sereeable and ‘riendly co them, and co force back thac which is burdenfom and biting. And therefore Pracastorins \abors in vain co fhew how by a certain violence {uch things as are [eparated one irom: another may be again joynedtogecher. Now although this Nacural Confenc and D:flent of chings does {pring primacily from their forms: yee becaufe che Forms do act by Qualities; fome things alfo confeac or diffent by manifeft Qualicies, as Water
and Fire, and others by occule og fecrec Qualities, of which we fhall {peak hece~ after.
And from thisConfent and Diffest of chings Natural a reafon may be given of many Examples
427
things which happen in Chymiftry and Phyfick, and every where in the world. Salt things f the i ent an
are mixed with falc, and diffolved by falt chings; Oyls mingled with Oyly,Far, and Sulphu- feouschings, Forexampies fake, 4qua fortis diflolves Metals, yee can it not diflolve Buinftone : concrarywife, Brimftone is diffolved in Oy] which cannordiffolve Metals. Sa Gums and Sulphureous fatty Tears of Plancs are diffolved by Oy1; but fuch chings as are ofa watry tubftance are diffolved by Wine and Water, not by Oyls. Tis a common Pra- ctice for aman chac hath fouled his Hands wich Pitch not co wafh them in Water, bur in Oy! or Greafe, which wil diffolve the Pitch. And every whére in the compofition of Me- dicamients {uch chings occur, efpecially in the making Plaifters, which if the Apothecary
Di thin
en
£5
iffene of
be ignorant of, he wil lofe both his labor and materials, Alfo precipitations focalled doat= Precipi. ford a rare document hereof ; when Gold, Silver, Corals, Pearls, Ctabs«Eyes, and fuch like, 4%
are diffoived and precipitated. To {peak only of Corals and Péarlss for examples fake ( forthe lame reafon holds inal) chefe Bodies are diffolved by che Salt of diftilled Vinegar, or she like fharp Liquor, wheceunto chat fame Body in regard of affinity is fo joyned and united by che moftiubiile Acomes, chat ic may be ftrained chrougha brown paper. Tothis Liquor (containing in ic che Body of Corals and Pearls) if youdrop in Oy] of Tartar made by deliquinum,or Oy! of Vitriol, the Sale of Solvent Liquor unites it felf co the Oylof Tare tat or Vitrio! by reaton of affinity, and leaves the diffolved Body 5 which being fo Jefe unto which they cal precipitating. Alfo how great che force of Gunpouder is there is no man ignorant 3 and thac proceeds only ftom the antipachy chat is berwixe Brimftone and Salc-peecer. From the fame proceed Lipht= nings, Thunders, and Thunder-boles. For if in the Globe of the Earth Sulpbureous, Ni- trous, aod warry Vapors are ac once raifed aloft, in the lowermoft Region (iruly) of the Air, where it compaffes us about, being difpetfed into very {mal atomes, they fight not cogether : but when in che Clouds the fiery atomes or particles are joyned with fiery, che fulphureous with fulphuteous, the watry wich watry, at laft refuming Courage on Boch fides they fight furioufly, and both fly from, and chafe away their Enemy. Hence the Fice fhunning che Water Lighrens onc ofthe Clouds. From this Fight rumblings and Thunder-cracks are raifed, and thac fame Fiery and Sulphureous Spiric breaking ouc of the Clouds melcs; burns, or throws dawn whatever ic meets with. Alfochere is a vulgar example hereof in Quick-lime, upon which if Wa rex be poured, the fiery acomes which lay bid cherein flying the water as their Enemy dotreak forth. Whereupon being collected they have raifed fo great hear, thar they have been known to fet on fire {ome wood that was.athand. Alfo if you put Spitic of Nice co Bucter of Antimony, or Oy] of Vitriol co the filings of Sceel ox Iron, there arifesa boyling and a noife, yea,andaHametoo. Whereneverthele(s ic is ea be
| noted, That ic is credible chac this fame boyling is not caufed only by she figbe of Coneraries,
but alfo by the {udden motion of like parts to like. Alfo from this Conient and Diffent of
Natural chings many Queftions in Phyfick may be anfwered, and Controverfies compo- The cure
fed. That Burns are cured by burning things, viz. fice, or by {mearing the burned parts with Linfeed Oyl, or an Oyntment made of Onions; and parts nummed wich cold, by rubbing chem wich:Snow; -or dipping chem in cold water
by holdi burnt ban in of perfens
y ng ones burne hand againft che Bias ? [uch as are 2froxn and with cold,
pees Tees
ST a i ae
See
NaturaleP hilofophical Difcourfes. Boox L
Nee
ED
acess oe SS a eae eee
and chat Apples or Eggs’being frozen, are cured by purcing them in cold Water: all chefe effecishappen. becaute hoz chings draw hot things cothemfelves, and cold things draw cold things. Alfo Phyficians.dufpuce about the cemper of Camphire, while che Ancien:s fay "tis cold, and moft late Writers hold chat itwsbor. Howbeir che caft and itsaprnefs to burn do fo manifeftly convince it co be hot, shat [wonderany man candoubt thereof. The on- ly ching which perfwaded others chat ic was cold, isbecaufe 1¢ doescoo). But chis it does, nor of i¢-felf, bur by accident, viz. Wohiles ic draws che fiery and {ulphureous atomes, ous of the Body unto i felf, by reafon of timilnude: which che flowers and water of Elder do in the Rofe or fiery Inflammation fo called, as alfo Oy| mixed with Lye.
Chap. 6. Of the Matter of Natural Things.
The tem- per of Camphire,
dalthe Forms, fohegaveunco chem Matter, {uch as was fitting for that chere might be an interchangable courte of chings, and alwaies sims, God cteated the Heaven-and the Elements. The Heavens, they. might cherifh and govern the Generations of inferior Bodies; and le Bodies, which by their actions mighe further the incerchangable and Corruptions, alfo might afford matter +o living Bo-
e
a \ a reNeraF iris ) Pe, tg: NETAriGnHs
r a kK Whether . 3
chere are yet other fimple Bodies befides the Elements, which may afford there as things, ismade a Queftion, not without caufe. With che Periparecicks
&
WY oat deed ic is oue of queftion, that there are in this fublunary World no fimple Bodies but the ERLE EN € By a | C wk AT wale i “4 mater OF Elements ; and that ofthem al others are compounded, Howbeit, many have doubted
Badies -be- - ° ; ; : ci : : get fides the bhereof,andthae not without caule. Foban.Francifc.Picus Mirandi#lanus, inhis Book
5
Elements? of Elements, chap. 3. writes: Lf tbere be any that will not content themfelves with the Opt-*
nion and Authority of the Philofopbers, and will maintain that there are yet fome otber Elements mixed withtbofe vulearly known, which by afecret power of Nature concur to tbe conftitution of fublunary things, they canbardly be fubftantially refuted. And Faco- bus Schegkius, in bis Book of che Power and Efficacy of Hear, chap. 4. writes, That every Body is exber an Element, or compounded of Elements, or hath fome proportion and fim1- licude wich the Bodies Cocleftial. Aud chat he had out of 4riftotle, who tn 2. de Generat. Animal. cap. 3. writes, “That theheag in living things 1s neither fire, nor bath irs Original
from fire, but is of analogy tothe Heavenly Macter. But what chat Body is, and whence it ©
had its Original, cannot be explained without che Crearion of theVorld. But from the Crearion of che World all chefechingsare clear. For God did nor at firft command the Elements co fight together, to make up mixt Bodies, of which afterwards Plants and living things wereco be made; bur as he gaveco Plants and Animals their Forms and Souls, fo.he gave unco each of chem their.peculiar Bodies. Whichalthough (for I wil not now difpuce that point) they maybe confticuced ofthe Elements as co cheic matter: yet/chat chere fhould be nochinginthem but Elements, and chat che forms of thefe Bodies are Elementary, and that the Souls of Living Creatures are received ina Body fimply conftituted of the Ele- ments; and that foche Elements confidered either as fimples, or as mixt Bodies, fhould be
the immediate fubye& of Souls, there is:no firm demonftration to prove; nor isic yetyproved, ©
Thac chat which Ariftotle fates holds proporrion cothe Element of che Scars. is a meer com- pound of the four Elements fo called. . Far {ince more noble Forms do require a more noble Matter (as Araftotle alfo teaches) che Creator gaye co every Form a convenient Body, each of which receives its nobility.and activity from the Form, which (as Scaliger (peaks, Exer~ Citat. 307.Se%. 20.) 18 a fift Nature, far differing fromthe four Elemencs, And in very deed, thac Spirit which 1s inbred in Animals and Plants is a wonderful thing, which Grft is ina {mal quantity of feed, and aftecwards by means of the Blood flowing in at che ficft for~
mation of the yong one, and then by. the. Aliments taken in it is encceafed to. a great bulk,
and goes al over che whol body of an huge Anima], and warms and enlivens the fame fo Jong asthe Creature lives. Andalchough this Spirit be of ics own Nature hot, yea,and heat icfelf, though che admixture ot other chings wich ic makes chat i¢ isnot difcerned, yee iste really tn them; andic may be feparaced from:them, as appears in Spirits made.out of Plants. Where thisisalforobenoted, That as nothing is noutithed but what hach life, as Ariftotle teaches, 2. de.animal.cap. 4. text.46., {o nothing can properly nourifh, unlefsic bea pare, fruit,or effc& of a thing animated or endued witha Soul; and chereforein al alimencs chere oughr
co be fome of chat Spirit which they vulgarly cal Calidum innatum, ov inbred heat; and)
there
| |
se RR UT REE a i
| ay fut
concen Princip
not 1m dies! ¥ this ist lis mad of the Ipeak More fit ott dite alot them mix Jong rheC pecul of ever ay etlat ofa liv froth th
Hl lo lutte
Ceaue ONS ater Oomixee idhion
th Bod Olihe
| eld, T
foot add i
ing ae My Elen Ments, Pretup Manne Mets Hof
ting for alwaies i i eave, | and \ angie |
aa Bo Y Ph) ub Ue
a we
afford ieticks burthe Bt roubved i s Book ¥ ‘On Fi over nour ty d Jaco t every i inte neta, A riital eoce it omn the | and the i dling fe dilpule t there penta, he ile quld be prove econ re noble yy cc Baer wn vee ft ft for blk fo long ae title ally | Whee racy | ru f |
|
|
pul | f; a0
J x ;
Chap. Bt Of the Matter of Natural Things.
their food does not only reftore the moifture, but che heat alfo.
Nor do orher Bodies which feem co be only mixed and not antmated arife from the mu- tual fighe of che Elements. «Icis a point of {mal difcretion co beleeve thac Wine, Oy}, Ho- ney, Sugar, do arifé from the mutual fioht of the Elements. The truch is, God did not cteate chofechings at the Bepinning, For chere isno Wine before Vintage, nor Oyl til the Olives are gathered, bruifed, and preffed 3 Nor Honey before che Bees make it, nos Milk before hving Creatures chac bring forth live yong ones become with yong. But God creared fuch things incheir Peinciples, chacisro fay, he gave a powerco the Vine to make fuch a Liquor as Wine out of che nutciment it draws out of the Earch, the Olive tree fucha juyceas cheOyl,a Reed co breed fuch a yuyceas we cal Sugar; and co rhe Bees he gave power to gather juyce our of Flowefs, and chereofto make Honey ; ro the Dugs a faculcy to make Milk.
And here che Chymifts bring in their Principles, concerning whictr I have {poken largely inmy Treacife of che Confent and Diffent of che Chymifts wich che Galenifts and Ariftoree Jeans. That I may fay a little of them tn this place 5 firft of a}, chofe who do nox fimply allow chem as EBlemencs, do grant cheat tobe the firft mixt bodies.’ About which I wil concend with no man, if I may bur obtain chus much, chat irtuch a Sence they may be called Principles, becaute im ehe cefolution or feparation of mixt bodies Art can hatdly proceed a= ny furcher, yea,atid perhaps Nature goes no further,which when the makes a mixc body does not immediately confticuce che fame of the laft Principles, buic rather of thefe firft mixt bo- dies: whereot I fhal {peak more hereafter inmy Third Difcourfe concerning Mixcure. And chis is moft of al maniteft in che Nourifhmenc of Living Crearuces. For neither is the Chy- Is made immediately of the Elements, but of Bread, Fléfh, Fith, &c. Nor is Blood made of che Elements immediately, buc of Chyle, as we fhal fhew more at large when we come to {peak of Mixrure.
Moreover, chis.alfo ts worthy our Confidetation, Whether chofe firft mixt bodies docon= fit of che Elements only ? or wheather chey received from God in the firft Creacion a Form different fromthe Forms of the Elements, fince God created not the firft macter only , btit altothe fecond, and gave every Form its proper mattet and fubject, by which they preferve chemielves, and remain entire in the fundry Viciffitudes of Generations, and being varioufly mixt do afford matter to other nacuralthings. Truly asthe Expoficors of Ariftotle are too long in their Difpucacions of Materia prima or the firft macter, foare they ovet-fpating in the Confideration of the fecond Matcer, whereas every Form does neverchelefs require its peculrar macter or fubject. For neither can every body be the propér thartér and fubject
429
——
- of every form, efpecially of Souls, buc in living Creatutes it muft be fo difpofed of neceflity
as chat it have an immediate apticude co receive a Soul,and to be converted into the fubftahce ofa living body, and to be nourithed by the nutritive faculty. Which difpofition proceeds from the pecalrar Forms. Now chat cheré ate in Plants and in living Creatures forms di- ftinct from the Soul, which belong tothe proper Confticution of the Subject of Souls, is al- fo {uinictently manifefted by the wonderful operations of dead Plants, and the parts of dead Creatures in Phyfick, For fince every action flows primarily from the form,and thefe adti- ons aré more noble chan chat they can proceed from che forms of the Elemenes; eicher fimple rper gs or mixed; of neceflicy there are other forms befides the forms of the Elements,from which thele Forms fu actions proceed, and I feeno caufe why I may norcal them with Scaliger, a fiti Effence, and per-added the Body wherein they are, with 4riffotle and Schegkius, a ching an{wering to che Element £2 ‘ ofthe Stats; And fome of Ariftotle’s Incerprecers (among whom Zimara elpecially) do rte hold, That noc only Souls are fuper-added to the Forms of the Elements, bur alfo that the diess form of miftion is a fitt form teally diftin¢t from the forms of the four Elements, and fuper= added to chem. ee
Hence, Whereas they fay, T bat fome bodies ate fimple, others compound, ahd chat fome ate more, others lefs compound ; chat does not come Co pafs by teafon of che firft macter and Elemetits, but in refpect ofthe Forms. For fince al mixt Bodies confift of the four Ele ments, i that refpect one is not more compound than another. Buc becaixfe {ome forms do pretuppote other fome, and cannot perform their opezations fave in a fubject after a certain manner difpofed by other forms: fuch Bodies which contain divers forms befides the Ele- ments are termed Compounds, {uch as are the Bodies of al livingthings. Hence chat foras isimoft perfect which hath moft orher forms under ics Gommand,
-
att
————
= a es
SECOND DISCOURSE:
ae Concerning the occult and hidden Qualities.
nage was B ws Chap: 1. VVhat hidden Qualities are. Bick
SssseErc to Know is co underftand a thing by its Caufe, wemuft labor with all A ; a ie eq Out might, that in che chings of Nature alfo we may render the crue and pro- | rahe S “% per Caules of all operations and effects. Thar there are indeed in hacure iL {ai | We had four Elements, and chat they work by cheir firft qualities ( fo called ) which i my HSS s are obvious co che Senfe is a ching out of Queftion. Buc there are very many and me | Effeéts in Nature which can no waies be referred cochofe Qualities. And i i i therefore che moft acute Julius Gefar Scaliger in Exercit.218.fet. 8. ingenuoufly.andfree- au | ly writes, chat coreduce al Effects in nature co che firft qualities isextream Impudence. And hia i i : ¢hofe whoendeavor todo fo, ichappens to chem as Galen writes of Epicurus and Afclepi- ae i | | ades,in Lib. 1. de natural. facultat. cap. 14.that either they alleadg foolifh and ridiculous ou Nae reafans, or deny chofe chings which are confirmed even by Experience, andas Thomas G- and Ali raftus de occults medica. proprietat. writes, they get nothing but to be derided by al) jf"! i that ace ffudious of che ccuch and knowing inche things of Nature. And therefore Galen ia Lib. 11. de fimp. med. facultat. when be treats of che vertue of che afhes of River Crabsa- gainft che biting of mad Dogs, acknowledges cher faid faculty proceeds aleogether fromthein. |@ } ket whol fubftance, and reprehends his Mafter Pelops becaufe heboafted very ambitioufly, thac |g he knew the Caufes of all fuch things 3 and promilesthat he would at one cime or another write a Book concerning {uch things as act by che propriety of cheit whol fubftance.’ And | fle if chere were nothing elfe co perfwade us how vainly and rafhly many have endeavored ro / "t reduce all things co che firft qualitites, Poyfons ac leaftand theit remedies might teachus | {0 fo much, as the fame Scaliger tels us in the place fore-alleadged. Ifor my part do freely |
and boldly pronounce, chat there is hardly any more pernicious opinion, and which hatch
more wearied even che beft wits and worn chem out with vain and fruitleis labor, than thac
of thofe men who endeavor to affign caufes of all chings which happen in narure from
the four Elements and natural Qualities. For whether you confider chem as fimples, or however mixed and remixed, and however you may fuppofe their Qualities to be tempe= | han red, nothing can proceed from them but what is Elementary. And icisalone whethermore — | Mit or fewer. come to {up without money, for they muft all faft, Bue this error hath been hi= — @ “ie chereco fufficiently common, nor hath it kept ic felf within che bounds of natural Philofo- | %w phy, but hath‘alfo crept into Phyfick, whiles many men have vainly endeavoredtofetchthe |@ “iit differences of all Difeafes, their Caufes and Symptoms, with che viccues of medicaments, by ny from the firft Qualities. im cane Bur in very deed, cettain moft experienced Phyfitians have Jong fince acknowledged this @ inp Fetnelius Exror and warned others thereof, amongft the reft Jobannes Fernelius, a moft excellent | @ ti; ee defends Phyfitian, who in tro Books de Abditis rerum Caufis, bath moft learnedly demonftrated, beice occult chat many chingsare, and are performed in Phyfick, whofe caufes’cis vain co draw ftom the bleh Realities. cemper of che firft Qualiciese For which excellent pains neverthelefs of his he hath gained Where
pothing from fome but reproach and back-bicing. And no wonder 3 forthe world is gover- ned by opinions : and many think isnot very honorable, yeaand a foul difgrace coo, to
lay
tk, fa Mey i Con,
SS
SE Scio, ees
Tp a gna
|
r
thal nd Dts | | batuce which) Many FF idfrees t And 9 Acbhis 9 Leulous hit E F ‘by al
— — a 7. ee. oo
s
mehew § Ny, thar another And ared (0 each Us oftely ch bath an that ¢ {ton ts, ot tempes ermore een hie illo ach the quent,
rd this cellent att, om the ait I pavers ) 00, 1) hy 1 |
}|
fet. 8. mamesic ) of an occule Propriety : which whiles it is called ignorance by fome, hey
rg ri 0 eR wa
VV hat Hidden Qualities are.
lay down the Errors they have unwartly drunk in, and co admit and acknowledg the crutch, though ic dazle their Eyes with its moftcleer brightnets; and therefore whatever chey are ignorant of they efteem as new and falfes Mean while all more learned Philotophers and Phyficians have undercook to defend the truth, and have conflantly taughr, char che Cau~ {es of many chings in natutal Philofophy and Phyfick do depend upon hidden Qualivesy and chat we are glad oftentimes to fly to the faving Sanctuary (as Scaliger Exercit. 218,
f
Chap. I.
Mheakten i Meive)
rather accufe the weakne{s of our underftandings co dive into the fecrets of Nature, chen (eM Py feb : a Pore A aoe : Dyalities blame thefe hidden Qualities. For if the crue Original of thefe qualities be foughe into, ;~
(whereof few have raken care ) the knowledg thereof wil produce ascertain {c1ence as chat pice 9) Ip of che firft Qualities, For the narural Philofopher knows no more of Heat, buc thae it norance.. Heats, and chat it flows from and depends upon che form of Fire: which form isto manas 40¢ occult utknown as thofe forms ftom whence the bidden qualities arife. Foras Scaliger Bxercit. Vues. 307. (elf. 2 9» faies, The Form isa divine thing,the perfect knowledg whereof is hidden from on If: us, and therefore to {earch furcher is che pare of an unquiec and over-bufie mind. Andthere-" fore chofe who traduce thefe Qualicies, by caJling them the Sanctuary of Ignorance are long fince worthily refuted by Avicenna, Lib, de virib. Cords, trait. 1.cap. 10. whenhe thus writes: Ashe chat knows fire warms by reafon of the heat therein, cruly knows and is not Ignorant: fohethac knows the Load-ftone draws Iron becaufe ic hath a virtue in it whofe nature isto draw Iron, withour doubris knowing, andnot Ignorant. And after= wards: The Ignorance of the Caufes of chis Virtue inthe Load-ftone is no whit ftranger chan the Ignorance of the Caufes difpofing things beco red or yellow, orthe Body coche Soul. Buc admiration ceafes in chings we are ufed co, and our mind negiedts to er quire concerning them. Buc tha whichhappens feldom ftirsus upto admiration, and moves us to enquite and contemplate the caufes thereof,’ Anda litile after: If chac Five were a thing bard to come by, and brought from far Countries, Pedple would more admire the properties chere- of than che properties of other Bodies, and more enquire into the Caufes of irs proprieties than inro che Caufes of other Proprietées, becaufe its propriecies are very wonderiul. For the prefence thereof brings che fight from aptitnde co act, and ic will noc fuffer ic felf co be The wor- couched 5 alfo ic mounts upwards, and makes fuch chings as it can matter coafcend with 1, Ger fied poe and of a imal quantity chereof in the {pace of an hour a great quanctiry is bred;and i corrupts fine Oo 4 every thing it meets with, andchangesicinto itsown {ubftance; nor is it leffened though 2” youtakefome from ic. And thefe chingsare in truch more wonderful chan the dtawing of Icon by che Load-ftone, or chan other Propriecies. But becaufe chefe are ufual, and day- ly feen, weceafe ro admire them, nor are carefulto enquire into their Cauies. but che action of the Loadftone, becaufe ir is rare and unufual, rnduces co admiratiay, and provokes men to enquire after its caufes. And indeed if we enquire inco the original ot thefe hidden qualities, there may be had of them as certain knowledg as of chofechararemanifeft. For in this darknefs of humane underftanding the form of the Fire is to us as unknown as chat of the Loadftone, and as the Poet fings. |
‘Nature’s wont to bide many things with a Sacred cover :
‘Nor # it fit tbat mortal men fhould come to the knomledg
Of alltbings, fince that many are more fit for a wonder.
And fo far the truth of things i fet from our Eye fight,
That we may hardly be faid to know the things we do bandle.
Now thefe Qualities are called Occult, Hidden, Abftruie, co difference chem from the she names manifeit qualities which are difcernable by che excernal Senfes, e{pecially the Feeling 3 of occule whereas concrafiwife thefé are not perceivable by the Senfe, alrhough their operations are, Q* His So we {ce the attraction which is made by the Load. flone; but we perceive not the qualities heeded which caufeth chat motion of che Iron, So we perceive with our fenies che evacuation caufed uh hs by purgative medicaments ; buc we do not perceive that quality by which the purging m:di- caments do work that effect, Afcerthe fame manner, we perceive wich our Senies the fymptoms which Poyfons do ftir up in our Bodies $ but che qualities whereby chey caufe the faid fymptoms we perceive notbythefenfe. Ky ourSentes (for example fake ) we pecceive Heacin the Fire, by means whereof it heats: buc it is noc fo in thole operactons which are performed by occulr qualities. We perceive che Actions but noc the qualices whereby they are affeGed. Hence thefe qualities are termed hidden and {peciiical pLOprie= cies, faculizes proper ro fubftance ; and fuch Agents are by Galen called things acted by theic who} fubftance, or by a propriety and familiarity of their whol {ubftance, 6. Epidem.
Com, 6.sext. 5. 11. de fimpl.med facult. and eltwhere, Fz GH AP.
: Natural-Philofophical Difcourfes. Boox II. ik Chap. 2. VVhbether there are occult Qualities, and things that att by 1 their whol Subftance.
Tis pro- Ow that chere are occult Qualities and a¢tions proceeding from occult Qualities, is ) ved that. | from two things chiefly apparent. The firft is, That there are many actions in Na- iy t palin cure which cotally differ from the actions of che Elements 5 The fecond is, That che way
and manner of che actings of fuch things as work by occult Qualities, is far difference from
qisalities mS : chat of che Elements.
firft Book of my Practice, part. 2. cap.17. And how great che force is of a litcle peftilen- cial Infection, many know to their forrow. And thefe Venoms are not cured by heaters, moifteners, coolers, dryers, but only by fuch things as work by occult Qualities. And as ‘ore wel faid from Scaliger, If nothing elfe could perfwade how vainly and rafhly (agiht) | many endeavor toreduce al effects co che firft qualities ; at leaft Poyfons and their Reme- vi a dies might convince us. Anda choufand fuch actions are every where met with in the courte il of Nacure. Since therefore fuch actions are of a quite different kind from the actions of Ele- mentary Qualities, and furpafs cheir faculties, we do therefore juftly diftinguith chefe at Qualities from chofe which are manifeft co the Senfe, and cerm them occulr, Galen knew this, who writés in his 6. Epidemic. Gom, 6. text.5.and 3. de temperament, cap. +s expref{s= ly, thac poyfons do notatal act after the felf-fame manner as fire and water, but by acon craciecy oftheir who] Nature. And Lib. 5. de fumplic. medicam. facult. cap, 1.18, 19. he
| wrares, “That there are fome things contrary to us by their whol fubftance. Pe ile HF ‘Alfo the Again, The Elements have a much different manner of acting from that of thofe things i snanner of Which work by occult Qualities. For the Elements (co exercile their Faculties) requirea i! adting is fufficient bulk of Body, norcan they exercile their forces in a yery fmal quanticys For Mi different. hough fire be extreamly hot, and Snow extreamly cold 5 yet as Galen wel writes in his 1, de Temperamentis, cap. 4. avery {mal quantity of either of thefe works no effect th our Bodies; yea, bodies fo qualified do nockila man chough taken ina good quantity, whether hor orcold; as Snow, Pepper, cold Water. Again, they do not work fuch fudden muta= tions in the Body. But.fome Poyfons kil aman inthe fmalleft quantity imaginable, or ftix up mofkt grievous Symptomes, and that in a moment. Of which Galen, Lib. 1. de Se- agee cap. 16. thus writes, ‘Ibe fmallejt portion of a deadly poyfon being entred intoa man
or ot
difpofition like it felf. Againin his 3. delocis affettis, cap. 7. hefaies, Ibo would beleeve fhould be fe exceedingly ana unu{ually changed, unlefs he bad often feen tbe fame with bis Eyer, efpecially confidering the fling of thofe Creatures i a very fmal thing. Anda licele after: Tbe fling of a Sea Turtle, as alfo of a Land Scorpion, does end with an exceeding final point ; vobere there.is no bole through which the poyfon might becajrin: yet we mujt needs fuppofe that there i fome fubftance in the Naitre of a fpirit, or of a Liquor, which though very {mal in bulk, yet # very great in attivity. And Elian in his 9. B. de Animal. cap. 7. relates, chat che prines of che bicing of an Alp are to exceeding {mal that they can
Mercurialix in his Book de Venenis.cap.16. do wre, chat in Nubia, which is a part of FEthiopia beneath Egypt, there is poyfon, the tenth parc ofa grain whereof wil kil aman, or one grain ten men, wachin a quarter ofan hour: orifoneman fake one graim it kils him ae prefently. : Occult By which Reafons moft learned men being moved, have acknowledged and caught, that qualities there ace very many Qualities in Nature, belidesthe Elementary. Galen (as we faid before known & in che beginning of our firft chapter of this Difcourfe) in his 11. de fimpl med. facult. cap.1 4. ‘i afferied by are he creats of the vertue of he Afhes of River Crabs againft che biting of a mad Dog, re-
rine prehends his Mafter Pelops chat he vain-glorioufly beafted chat he knew checaufes of f ifuch ehings :
SPE gee eS ae eee” = Se ain
«
that from the flinging of a Scorpion, or of the Philangiwm (a Spider fo called) the whol body:
yy | lout Theaiti- Astothe firft, What che actions ofche Elements are, is known, viz, To heat, to cool, to
hind ons of 0, moiften, and codty, and fuch as follow shem, to rarette, make compact, &ce But there are i ent Tp, actions in Narute tar different fromchefe. The Load-fftone draws Iron; a Car (though -
| he fhut upinacheft) does io work upon {ome people that they are ready co fall into a fwoun 5
ed thofe of @ little Quantity of Oprum ftupifics a man and brings him into a dead fleep3 what mifchief
| the mani- che biting of an Afp,a Viper, a mad Dog works in out Bodies, almenknew 3 what ftrange
f fefl ones. {ymptomes does the biting of the Spider Tarantula caufe; of which 1 have fpoken in the
er Greature, does change ii totally in a moment of time, and qualifte the fame with a
hardly be difcerned by a fharp fight. And Ful. Caf. Scalig. in Exercit. 153. Se. 11. and -
Ta Eler proc tion, there | Beme i) Er taty Q Thong illeady
Quali
" Orathly
D ‘ [reese COUT e
of Bl.
Lin out
w ethet } Mutde
bie, of
a { f yee
Ihady 40) DO. Ay
vith bis i
4 litle
ei ve mit | whith tnimdl if } ie) aan | 1, af