XVI. The Squil oz Sea- The Sqn

Ladies
whofe Roots are kept in the Shops, preferved in Traggs,
Tay
Boox 6 " Of the Biifory of Plants. Chap. 5
—,
358
Tribe VIII, Trefoyls, Ginque-foyls, and Herbs of that Family.
In the firft place, there are many kinds of Trefoyls, or three-leav’d Plants: Meadow-
Trefoyl or Glover, thrubby Trefoy], codded Trefoy}, American Trefoyl, Heare-fathio-
ned, {poon-fafhioned, horn- fathioned, odoriferous Trefoy!, ox Meliior, Alfo all che
forts of Lotus and ‘Melilotus, Gytifus and baftard Cytifus, che Medic1, the forts of Zapo-
gus, four Trefoy] or Wood-forrel, which Pliny cals Oxys, Golden Trefoyl, of Golden Liver-wort, Marfh Trefoy1.
Alo there are fundry forts of Cinquefoyls or Five-leaved Herbs: The great, the le’s,
che Ath-colored, the creeping, the marrifh or bercy-beating Cinquefoyl. Wheréunto be-
Termentil. longs Tormencil, the Root whereof refifts putrefaction, is good againft the plaeue, and
moves {weats it ftops the bellies loofnefs, flux of blood, and the Couttes, Alfo’cis good
for fuch as are fallen fromon high, and who are fufpected to have vecewed fome inward
hurr. Moreover, there are ochet Plants alfo, which have commonly two Leaves oppofite
one to another, not unlike che forts laft reckoned , but at theend of the branches they re-
Ononis. {emble Trefoyls, and may be reckoned in this Family. Suchace Anonis or Ononw, Reft-
harrow, the bark of whofe Root movesutine, and breaks rhe ftone: Strawberry Leaves,
Liquoris. wild and Garden Liquoris, whole Root makes the wind-pipe {mcoth, is good forthe Cheft
and Liver, quenches thirft; cures she {cabbinefs of che bladder, and pain of che kidneys;
Broom, petcy Broom. Now che feeds of Broom have a faculcy co loofen che belly, provoke
urine, and break che ftone both in the Reins andbladder. Hence a Conferve made of the
flowers thereof is very good to remove obff ructions of che Liver and Spleen. ‘Hypericum,
St. Johns-wort: of wan Oy] is made, moft effetual co heal wounds. Alfo this Herb hath
the faculty co provoke Urine and the Couries.
Centory the Leffler, which being beaten green, and Jaidon, cures wounds, and purges ul- cers. Icis exceeding bitter, and therefore ’cis called che Gall of che Earth, and cures Feavers, and hath its name thence inthe German Tongue; itkilsworms ‘Flos Solis, the flower of the Sun, like to Ciffus and Ledus. |
Sena, which is now known fufficiently not only 0 al Phyfirians, but even to the com~ mon people. For ithath a rare faculty to oper, digeft, clenie, gently purge, and alfo wonderiully tocomforc and ftrengchen al che members of che whol body; fo that it is a purge for al Sexes, and for al Jong and melancholick Difeafes moft convenient.
Rue hath no foal affinicy wich fome Herbs of this Tribe already mentioned, both the wild and garden Rue, which ishot anddcy, of fubsile parte, difcuffes wind, cuts thick and clammy humors; and confequently cures fhortne{s of breath and a cough proceeding of a cold caufe; it moves Urine and Courfes, and takes away the Appetice co Generation + among the wild forcs is reckoned alfo Hermala.
Nor mutt we in this place omic Fumicory, which is hor, though accidentally by purging choler it cools, and chereforeis by ome faid to be cooling, though faliely 5 it opens, and frees the Liver and Spleen from obftructions, purifies the blood, and provckes urine. And therefore it cures Feavers, and all Difeaies {pringing from aduft humors 5 and is moft effe- “@tual and fafe in curing the itch, and ocher difeafes of cheskin 3 fince in the mean while 1c * fkeengthens che Liver,ftomach,and oiher bowels. Hicher alfo mult we refer Thaletrum or ~ Fbalittvrum, Fluxwort, the greater and leffer. Finally, hitherto belongs Maddez, ro
which Clivers, Molugo, Ladies Bedftraw, fweet Wood-rowel, and other forts thereof do
retain, Cruciata, Crofs-wary, Gentian.
Broom,
St. F obase Ware
Centory. Sena.
Rue
Fumitory
Tribe 1X. Anemonies, Crowfoots, Cranes-bills,
Next co the foregoing Tribe, we ficly There are many forts of Anemonies, differing in Leaves, Roots, and Fipwers. There is a tuberous fore; onewith many Flowers; one that hach three Leaves. Hicher fame refee the Flower of Adonis, ‘as al{o ‘Dentaria alabaftrites, or Viola dentaria & pulfarila. Yao thefe alfo may be reckoned the greater end lefler hollow Root, which fome weongtally uf¢
_ for Round Bircawérc Root.
J Moreovez: There are alfo many Crows- }. . divers wildanes. There is che fimple tuberous Crowfoot, J) + the Grallie Crowfoot, the Illyrian, the Alpines the greacet anc: le ff. this Fannly may be reckoned Wolf-bane che greater and leffer yellow 1. pleand blew one; aifo the Napellus and Antbora, ’
foots; fome fores of Garden Crow-foors 5 and
r Spear-crowfoor. In 3 alfo-the liccle pur- Thirdly,
rank Anemenies, Crowfoots, and Cranes-bils..
Gill forts | great a and marke cheGi wyonde and Ht mous f Liver
Not ronatl Moreot is (on Iycale Genial
Thi 1 frple | allot allay feque 7 iC \
. along B Atay B conn
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i
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olden
t leh, F NtO bee gad & pond nvad ppolite ey tee Refts fi Leave, fi eChet heys; J rovoke I
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gyri OF)
/guftly be Captain. Tn the nexc place Elecampane, whofe Root is of-are
Chap. 5. Of ihe Hiffory of Plants.
ked or mufcovy, the Cretick, Doves-foot, Cranes-bill, Geraninm fupinum, Frog-like, Mountanous, &cs
Tribe X. Gilloflowers, Rofe-Campians, Violets, and the kinds of Loofe-ftrife. and certain allied Plants.
Gilloflowers, which fome cal Betonica or Vetonica, and Flores tunics, are of fundcy: Gillofla: forts, differing both inthe color and figure of the Flowers, and other waies. There is the wers
great and the liccle, the fingle and double, the whice and purple; alfo the feathered, wild, and proud Gilloflower.’ Al(o many forts of Armeéntan flowers 5 among Which the moft re- matkable is che Carchufians Gilloflower, andthe Vifcaria or Catchefly. But among all
che Garden Clove- Gilloflowers are moft in ule, which wich thefweetnefs oftheir fmel do C/ove-gil- wonderfully reftefh che {pirits, and are exceeding friendly to che Brain, Liver, Scomach, lofowrers:
and Heare. Hence cheir Syrup is cordial, good againft poyfons, and the bitings of vene= mous Beafts, and is commended by late Writers to encreafe blood, and. ftrengihen the Liver.
Nor is there lefs variety of Lychnides or Rofe-Campians’; for firft there is. Lychnis Co- rovaria, to which belongs che Flower of Conftantinople, and the Lychnis of Chalcedon: Moreover there is a wild one witha fingle,and another wich a double flower 3 a fore whereof is Ocimaftrum or baftard Bafil, by fome focalled. Hucher alfo belongs the Herb common- ly called Papaver spumeum. Nor is baftard Nigella a ftranger tothis Tribe, not Soapwort, Gentian, and Cruciata, or Dwart- Gentian. cre iat
Thirdly, Inchis Tribe may be Ranked the purple Violets, withthe {weee flower, both Violesg
fimple and double. Thefe Violets are coldand moift, and the flowers are good for inter= nal Inflamations of the Breaft, and {mooth the roughnefs of the Throat and Wind-pipe 5 allay the heat of che Liver, Reins, and Bladder ; mitigate che acrimony of choler, and con= fequently cake away the heatand chirft of Feavers, and itrengthen. Alfo chere is'a wild Violet without color 3 alfo chree color’d Violets, or Herb of the Trinity, ‘which we cal Flearcs-eafe and Panfies.
Then there is she Leucoion, or white Violec, witha fingle and ‘adouble flower. Alfo
_ the yellow Lezcoium, which the Arabians call Keirz; whofe flowers and‘alfo the feed
move the courfes, bring forch the S:condine and child 5 che Oy] made of them is gcod to refolvécold humors, cto aff{wage pains, and to ftrengcthen the Nerves.
Among thefe are reckoned the Viola matronalisor Matrons Violet, or Lunaria Grecas to which the Viola ‘Mariana is ofkin, or che Viola Calathiana ‘or Pneumonanibe: a% alfo Flos ambarvalis, commonly called Polyganon:*to which appertain Cervicaria Majors media, minima.
Next come the forts of Digitalis, efpecially differing inthe color ofthe flowers. Yea;
~ among thefemay be numbred Aguilegia, chiefly diftinguifhed by the variety! of flowers’ Aquilegia
A diam whereof in pouder is given to fuch as Have the Jaundice, to make them{weac. ?Tis commonly ufed to drive out the Mea zies and {mal Poxe Tothis Tribe may be reduced Lyfimachium or Lyfimachia, Loof-ftrife, whofe forts are, the yellow, che purple; and there are many kinds thereof, .fome of which have the flowete upon the top of the ftalk like a fore-top, or as an ear of Corn; others. Have chem in Coss, which are therefore termed Codded Loofftrifes. ' There is alfo'a fort: which imay Be cals Jed the Shrubby Lool-frife. Among the baftard Lyfimacbia’s there is reckoned a blue one. Moreover, becaufe of the affinity of the flowers, we add both fome water and marifft Herbs: as Warer-violecs, Frogs-bic, whire Water-Lilly, yellow W ater-Lilly,' Water Crowfoot, Water Archer, the Marifh Marigold.
Tribe XT, Other Plants remarkable for their Flowers.
To this Tribe many and fundry Plants may be referred,among which in refpect of the pteace nels of the Flower, Chryfantbemum Peruvianium, or the Flower of che Sun of Peru, may
a)
againtt poyfons and biting of poyfonous beafts, is helpful co fuch as ca
and Courfes, helps the ftomach and digeftion.
Next come the other forts of Chryfanthemum or Golden flower, which are commonly : Gg2 \ called,
BooxK: 6. 359 :
~~ Thirdly, There are, many forts of Cranes-bils 5 the tuberous, Herb Robert, the mu
at ufe, being good €let7S3-9
: | f as caning, fetch breach ?* /
without fitting upright , cuts profs humors in the breaft, and cures the Coujh, moves Urine, | yy
“goo. Boorké The EliftoryofPlants. Chap. 5.
nee a cement a ae
called Oxen-eyes. To which che fortsof Chamomel are allied: allo Erantbemum, or flower of Adonis, which fome reckon among the Anemonies, as we faid before. chamomel Chamomelis frequently ufed in Phyfick : ic heats, is loofning, difcuflive, mollifies inter= pal andex-ernal pains. Of kinco Chamomel, and as ic were a wild Chamomel, is Cotula feetrda. Alfothe kinds of Matigolds are cobereferted co this Tribe, as alfo the African Flower: alfofundry forcs of Blew-boccles : Iragopogon Goats- bead, and Scorgonera.
To this Tribe alfo Nigella or Gichis aretainer, whofe feed heats, dries, cuts, and exte- nuates : being {mele co frequently ix dries up the diftillations of the Head: taken inwardly, it difcuflech winds, cuts flegm, movesthe Courfes, helps fhortnefs of breath, Fellicory alfo.
Hither alfo are co be referred che Daifies both Garden and wild: and the After atticus, orScarewort. Norare the forts of Tanfies unlike in flower, as che common {weet Tanfie, che crifped, the Tanfie wichout fme), the liccle whice Tanfie. Alfo “Matricaria or Fea- verfew belongs to this forry which ochers reckon among the Corymbiferous Plants, chae
Texfe bear cluftersof Berries. Now Tanfie is anhor anddry Herb, and bitter: it kils worms, Feverfew moves Urine. Feaverfew is hor in che chird, dry in the: fecond degree: ic opens, clenfes, is good forche Womb, and brings away che dead child: it cures the Tiffick, Melancholy, and the ftone. Peony brings up che Rear in this kind, having a goodly Flower. The Root Seer is e{pecially good againft the Falling-ficknefs , and ftrengthens the Brain and
eLVES.
Nigele
Tribe XII. Poppy, Henbane, Nighifoade, and Herbs of kin to them.
Poppy Firft chere is Garden Poppy of many forts, differing chiefly inthe flower and feed. All
Opium Poppies bave a cooling fleepy faculty 5 buc che black is che ftrongeft.. Of Poppy Opium is made, whichis che juyce which drops out of the Heads of black Poppy .in hor Countries, the faid heads being cut ; and icisafterwardscondenfed, That of Thebes is moft commen= ded. Now: itis bitcer, ofa ftrong {mel, caufes fleep and ftupifies. Touching the Quality thereof Phyfitians are at variance; while fome make it cold an che fourth degree, becaufe ofits fleépy ftupifying faculty ; others fay icis hor, in regard of its bicternefs and acrimony. Buc now adaies not only Chymifts, but other learned Phyficians hold, That fleep and ftue pefaction is caufed, nor fo fnuch by ics coldnefs, as by a ftupefying Sulphure, which is found alfo in hocchings, as in Spirit of Wine: and from fucha Narcotick Sulphur Opiuns hath al its forces but its bitcernefs ic hach from a bitter fale, A token whereof is chis, That being largely eaken it caufesa drouzy dulnefs, with an icching.al the Body over: and che Turks ufe cheir Maflach to make them couragious in Battel, wherewith they become agit weredcunk, . Afcer this comes Red Poppy, or Gorn-Rofe; alfo horned Poppy, of which chere are fome kinds, and Hypecoon.
Alfo Henbane is manifold, white, black, yellow ; Henbane of Peru, which they cal To= bacco, It-alfo, chough bor,and dry in the fecond Degre, hath neverchelels a Narcotick Fa- culty ; the {moak taken in a pipe draws Rheum out of che Brain; the juyce given to firong perfons, purges by ftool, the operation being followed by adeep fleep. Some give che water filled out ofthe Leaves in Agues before che fic, co drive che fame away. An Oynt ment. is made chereof good for Wounds.
winters . There is Garden Nightfhade, and Winter-cherry Nightfhade, of which chere is an out-
Cherries Jandith forte » The Winter Cherries havea notable faculty to provoke Urine, and to bring
pravel fromthe Kidneys and Bladder. Thereisalfoa deadly fleeping Nightfhade. Hither
alfo belongs the Mandrake. Alfo of this Family are che Apples of Love, Golden Apples,
ormad Applesof A&tbiopia 5 alfo the Thorn-apple 5 and Strycbnodendrum, or Woody Nightfhades:_. |
Tribe XII Endives, Cicbories, Lettices, and Plants of kin totbem.
Endive, To this Tribe belongs Garden Endive, broad leaved and wild Cichory, Dandelyon, cicbry, Gum Cichory ; al which are cold and dry, bitterith, whence they open and clenfe, and are Dandelion, a Vicche aftrictive ;, whereby chey firengthen the Bowels. - Hence they are moft profitably pag “- and moft frequencly yd in opening the obftructions of the Liver, and other Bowels, and c Min clenfing away/cholerick humors. Sundry forts of Hawkweed are of this Tribes alfa Groundfel, Kagwore, Sow-rhiftle, and tharp chiftle ; many forts of Garden and wild Let- / ) «ice, Al Lectices moift and coo}, help a cholerick ftomach, and procurt fleep.
sar , Tribe XIV.”
B cheump : clenlet,
B crefles, Fite ' Theft B ely by Bigs | they fe
talon
Li
T Tht,
brn, faba
. Wind,
. Inthe
BB pins rink
D loth SY) ec Mint Micha}
|
i k Be F veh 0 & if ple Oynt j
i Andute fed
bing FF inher hooks He)
in
Chap. 5. Of the HiftoryofPlants, Boo 6.
4y)) AME 7B 1 ss.
Tribe XIV. Orach, Beets, Colewort, Docks, Rocket, Mallors, Creffer, and ‘Herbs of kin to thefe.
la the firft place there are funds y fores of Orach; The Garden, the Wild, the Sea Orach§
- Bonus Henricus @ tota bona, Englifh Mercury ; which fome neverthele({s reter co the
forts of Docks: Pes anferinus, Gool-foot. Thenthere are Blices, a greacer, a Seller, a fpotced ; co which appertain che forts of Amaranthus Purpureus, oc purple Flower- entle. . Thirdly, there is Spinage and {ome kind of Beets; and among them the red Beet, whofe Roor is eaten asa Sallec with Vinegar and Oyl; alfofome kind of Garden Colewort, alfo the wild, one fore whereof they cal Perfoliata, Thorough-wax,
Fourthly, To this Tribe Borrage and Buglofs may be referred ; co which Anchufa or _Baglefs Alkaner, and Echium Viipers-borrage, are added. Now Borrage and Buglofs (efpecially 30"4&¢>
their flowers) have a very great faculcy co ftrengthen and cheat the heart, alfo they refrefh and recreate che fpirits; and cherefore Conferves and Syrups are made of chem, which in
_ Melancholick Difeafes, and {uch as proceed from aduft humors, are very good, re Fiftly, Mercury, male and female, Cynocrambe, Dogs-Cabbage, and Herbaimpatiens Pellitery che impatient Herb, or Touch menot ; and Pellitory of the wal, which is cold and moift, of the wal,
clenfes, is good for imflammations and burnings. The Leaves applied in manner of a Ca- plafm coche fhare, wich Oy] of fweec Almonds, are an help to fuchas have the ftone, and provoke che ftopped Ucine. , Sixtly, The kinds of Docks, as the wild Dock, she Garden Dock, Monks Rhubarb, red Dock, Sorte], tuberous Sorrel, {malleft Sorte], Now Sorrel.cools and dries, binders pu- erefaction, provokes Appetite, and is therefore good for continual Feavers and Pefti- lences. Seventhly, GardemMallows with the double Flower, which is called alfo che Tree-Mal- low, and over-fea Role; alfocrifped Mallows, wild Majlows, Marfh Mallows,. Abutilon -yellow Mallows 5 Vulgat Alcea, and Alcea Vefiearia; the Cocton- plant. Eightly, We refer corhis Tribe fuch Herbsas have a biring caft: Amongft, which the Captain is Water-Creffes, anda fore thereof called Cuckows Flower; Brooklime; Scurvy=
grafes Garden Crefles ; Wincer Crefles; Indian Water-Crefs; Garden Muftard,and wild; ™ater=
Sorrel
al che Naffurtia or biting Greffes are hoe and dry, provoke Urine, expel the Gravel and less
- ftone, and. are cherefore good for che Kidneysand Bladder. But they are efpecially excel- Jene againft the Scurvy, and principally Scurvy-grals.
Alfo Garden Rocket, and wild Rocket: to which may be added {mal Celandine; herb ‘
Dragon, wild Dragon or Neefewort: feveral kinds of Tblafpi or wild Muftard among which is chat of Candie; ‘Eryfimum, Banke-crefles; Lepidinm, Ditiander or Pepperwort. The Turnep, the Navew, Rapiftrum or Charlock ; Garden Rhadifh, Lampfana or Dock- creffes, which others are wone co refer ro the Hawk-weeds.
Finally, we add co chis Tribe the Nettle, which is burning and ftinging, or dead Nettle, the Netslé
The ftinging Neccle hath fome forts: chey areal hoc and dry, being boyled they loofen the
belly by abfterfion, drive out the Ucineand Scone; the feed provokes co Generation ; it. .
digefts ccude humors in the Cheft, and is cherefore good for chem chat cannot breach unlefs they fit or ftand upright : it isa prefent Remedy againft the poyfon of Hemlock, and che malignity of Henbane and Toadftools, There are alfo divers forts of dead Nettle and Arch-Angel.
Tribe XV. Mint, Sage, Horebound, Bavm, and Herbs of kinto theme
fouroy,
afte
In the firft place, there are many kinds of Mint: and then there is baftard Mine, Sifym= Mint
brium, Mountain and field Calamint, Cats-minr, Sarazens Mint.. Mintishocand dry,
_ hatha rare faculty co ftrengthen che ftomach, and help digeftion, ftops vomiting, difpels
wind, ceafes gripings, ftops flux of the belly, and the whices; it hinders Milk from curdling
in the ftomach, hinders conception. Calamint is alfo hot and dry; good for che Tiflick, ftops Calamine
/gtipings, heals che womb, kils worms, brings down the courfes, and ise{pecially good tor the
*t' i‘ womb, and furthers conception. rh Alb Be ek | In the fecond place there is Sage the greater and leffer fore , which heats a bea opens, 54g",
. \ | zis efpecially good for the Head and nerves,and is good for the cough and {piteit 5 againft che bitings of venemous Beafts.
which alfo there are divers forts. Thirdly.
y
2
g of bloodsand », / Wild Sages Scharea @ Horminum, Claty, of \
ae ee SS _
362 Book 6. Of¢heTifioyofPlints, Chaps.
eee prin
Horehownd Thirdly chereis Horehound white and black : now chisishot and dry, opens obftructi- ons of the Liver and Spleett; purges the Cheft, and is cherefore good for Perfons in Con- fumptions who have no Feaver, ic brings away the Courfes andehe After-birch: cis good againft Venoms and bitings of venemous Creacutes.
Baws. Fourthly Bawm, icishotand dry inthe feconddepree, a great and good friend to the Brain and Hearc, recreates the Spirits aud comforts the Memory 3 tis gdod againtt Poyfons and helps the bitings of Dogs, Scorpions and Spiders, being outwardly applied ; ic moves al- fo she Courfes,
Balils There are alfo other Herbs, like thefe in {me], which may be juftly reckoned in this Tribe, as Bafil, which fome chink is called Ogimos becaufe of irs {weet and favory f{mel. Being {meld co} its good for Head and Hearc; che Seed helps the Difeafes of the Hearr, Difcutfes forrow and fadnefs proceeding ftom Melancholy, and begets Mirch and Cheerful- nets.
Pemyroyel Penny-royal is hot and dry witha certain bitterne(sand aftriction $ irhathaxare faculty co open obftructions, and to cut chick humors, to move Urine, and efpecially che Courfes, alfo cures the Stone, Dropfie, Gout and Palfie.
Origanum. - True Wild Origanum or wild Marjoram is hot and dry in the third degree, kath a very great faculcy tocut,atcenuate and {cour,and is good apainft Poyfon. Therefore its deco¢tion is profitably given £o {uch as have the Afthma, Convulfion, Dropfie, and fuchas are bitcen
_._. byaSerpent. ToOriganum belongs Trag-Origanum, or Goats Origanum.
wild Sime” Wild Time Serpillam, isan Herb very much of kin to Peny-royal, and fends forth amoft {weet and fragrantime]. It provokes the Courfes, plencifully bringsdown the Urine, af= {wages Feadach coming from a cold Gaufe, allaies the Griping of che Guts, and is good a- gainft the Lethargy. :
Stechados Arabian Stacbados, moft effectual againft al Difeafes of che Head from a cold Caufe.
Hyjop. _ Allo Polinm and Hyfop, which being hot and dry in the chird degree, digefts, opens and difcuffes.° Therefore boyled with Honey anddrunk, it jhelps much to digeft and bring out flegmyinche Cheft, and frees che Lungs ftuffed with vicious humors: and helps an old Cough.
Mother of Mothet of Time, Time, Savory, are plants of affinity 5 have inamatiner ghe fame facn]-
fet fies, beinghotand dry 5 being mingled with our meats, they help che Concoétion of the
Saviary. Berar: at the Womb diftended with Wind; are thouphe to help the Palfie and al flee-
y Diteates.
Lavender 4 To chefemay be added Lavender and Spike, being bot and dry Herbs, fpiritful, oyly and
ana Spike odorifecous, moft effeQual in cold Difeafes of the Head. Hence their water applied co the Fore-head and the Temples is pood for the Palfieof one fide of thé Body, and for the Fal- ling-ficknels 5 and a Conferve of the flowers is effectual againft che Apoplexy and cold Dif= eafes of the Brain.
Rofemary.-* Nexctothefe matches Herb Maftich or Clinopodium and Rofemary, which is hot and dry, with fome aftriction, heals‘al cold Difeafes of che Head and Brain, dries the Brain, whets the Senfes‘and Memory, 1s good forthe Poze, ftrenghthens the nervous parts, come
_ foresthe Womb, and helps the old fluxes thereof.
Marjoram: WMfarjotam, which alfo heats and dries in the fecond degree, alfo helps the cold Difeafes of the'Brain 5 and fnuffed up the Nofe it canfes {neezing and brings away flegm, provokesthe Urine and’ Courfes.
Betony- Oo“ Betony is’alfo hoe and dry in che fecond degree, and cutting 5 *cis good for the Fal- ling-ficknels, and cold difeafes of the Head, purges the Breaft and Lungs, opens the ob{tru- ctions of che Liver and Spleen, cures the Jaundice, firenghchens the Stomack, and helps Di- geftiow; moves Urine; -breaksthe Scone, as good for the pain: of che Kidnies and Bladder, moves the Courfes, allaies Mother-fiss, is good againft che bitings of Serpentsand Venemous Beats, is good for Worms and che Sciaticas
Dittamns.-. Ditamnum verum oriCreticum, Diccamus of Crete, being in faculty like Penny-royal, :
moves the'Gourfes, expels the After-bitth and dead Child, facilicaces Child-bicch, is good _ againft che ftingings of venemous Beatts. Scordinm. ~ Scordium heats and dries, cleanfes and purgesche Bowels, moves Urine and the Courfes,
draws grofs and pury)#he humors out of the Breaft, and is therefore good foran old Gough. \.
" Tis ufefull mi Ked with Antidotes againft Poyfon,
i Allo f
Th cheb cust nesot picines
Het reckon ot Fl
tures 3
| Called
The Ma, he bby
Grou,
D 5 a Nh. Con 00d
Othe {ong thas
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Vey
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amoft i, ale od ae
: and
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fitule
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ie Fil Dis
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fe
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Chap, 5 The Hiffory of Plants, Book 6 363 :
Ea Oe ee TD
—
Tribe XVI. Scabious and Plants of kin thereto.
There are many kinds of Scabious, the greater, the lefler, che middlemoft, the preateft, Scabions cheSpanifla,and that of che Alpes: Itishoc and dry in che fecond degree, attenuates and cuts chick and clammy bumors 5 cherefore it cleanfes che Lungs, help: che Cough and fort nefs of Breath, is good for che Scab, effectual againftthe Plague, peftilenc Fevers, and che bicings of venemous Beafts, arid ts good to move fweat in fuch Diteatés.
Hereto belongs Stebe, Devils-bie, Facca nigra or black Marfellon. Among thefe fome do reckon the Blew-boirles mentioned before in the eleventh Tribe 5 alfo che Royal Comfreys, ot Flower Roya), and che Serratia or Saw-wore, Centaury thé great, SarafensConfound, Virga aurea, or Golden Rod, Plants goodto heal Wounds. This Tribe admits alfo 0. Agrimony ther Herbs, as Agrimony, which hath anatcenuatcing, opening faculcy, and is efpecially good forthe Liver ; alfoche Herbof Kunegund or Avicennas Exupatorium, Te
Alfo the kinds of Veronica or Fluellen, which is good for obftructions of che Liver and Veronita Spleen, brings forch che Urine and Scone, beals che Scab and all Difeafes of che Skin, wounds, and efpecially cancerous Ulcers, Alfo ic he}ps thofe chat have the Tiffick, and who cough up purulenc maccer. :
Vervain, Ground-Sak,and Teucrium or Tree-Germander,with Ground=pine ot Chame= pitysand.cheie forts. Now Chamedrys or Getmandery and Chamepitys Gcound=pine, chamedrié have viwsuesmuchajike. Chamnadrys opens obftructions of che Liver and Spleen, helps the Droplie, moves the Courfes, and is geod againft the biting of Serpencs 3 alfo Chamepitys Chamepi- opens obftrudctions, clenfes the Kidnies, moves Urine and. che Couries,ftrengrhens the Nerves, 475. helps che Sciatica and orher diivates of che Joynes$ wherefore ’cis commonly called Iva Ar- ibretica, and“Herba Apoplettica.
Pioally Eye-bright, which by a ftrong faculty comforts the Eyes, and helps dimnefs of Eye. bright
fight. Tnbe XVIE Woolly and Downy Plants.
Among thofe Herbs whofe Leaves are covered asic were wich Down ; che firft is Gnapha- lium, Gud-weed or Cotton-weed : And then the forts of Mou!-Ear, Leontopodium Mat- thiolt, yellow Stachados : the chird Scorpion-Grafs, the forts of Mullen, and. E-hiopian Mullein : To which allo other Herbs ace ceferced, though not downy, as Blattaria, Moth- mullein, she Pcimerole, which is good for difeafes of the Joyntsand Nerves, alfo for Rups The Prig? cures and Diflocations of the Joynts, and the Scone in the Kidniesand Bladder ; BearfEar, t6f¢ Allo Hounds-congue, and Anebufa or Alkanet, are by fome reckoned in this Tribe,
Tribe XVHI. The Houfe-Leeks. Tothis Tribe belong the kinds of Hfoufeleek, as che greac branching Houfeleek, the
{mal Houleleck, that is cal’d Iecebra; Telephium and Craffula. Aloes, of which is made actuckned Jayce wel known'in Phyfick, itpurges yellow choler,
ha helps the Scomack and Brain, refifts putrefaction opens che Hemorrhoids,moves che Gour= mae fes,clenfes Wounds and brings chem coa Scar. Putidane, which is cold and moift and binding, helps the Teeth when they areén edp,kils pyr flan the Worms in Children, efpecially if they have a Feaver wichal, is effectual apainft {picting of Blood, the Bloody Flux, and voiding of Blood. Somealforefer to this Tribe di the Radix Rbodia ot Rofe-wort, efpecially goed for the pains of che Heads eat hi
Tribe XIX. Bindweeds, and of Twining Plants,
Of this Tribe are Briony, Wild Vine, whice Vine, Dulcamara or Buter-fweee, black Bindweed, Indian Bindweed, Blewbe} Bindweed. |
Scammony, the Juyce whereof, (called by che fame name) is “amo fly known, being an ef fectual putger of Choler and: wheyith'Humors}: being prepared and boyled'in a Quince, *cis called Diagridium. : vy Soak
The Smilax levis oceater and leffer, or che greater and teller Bindweed the Smilaw afpe= ” ra, the lop, che Feffemine, Periciymenon or Woodbind, Hedera'clematis( Creépingivy,
7? Dapbnoides ov Vinca Pervinca; Flammula of Spearwort, and creeping Chickweed ; Bie \ \
Grtound-ivy, Twopenny-worz, wild Tanfie or Silver- weed, Soldanella ; Mechsasanavnich “\
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Gote, "S'R Remeasie Of the Wifory of Plants. Chap. §
pt
was unkrown to the Aucients, and is now in great ufe; it purges Flepm and watry Humors,
is good for the Falling-ficknefs, the Gout, che Tiffick, Colick, and Mother fics. Hithex
alfo may be referred Epithimum, Polygonum mas, male Knot- Grafs, Anagallis or Pimper- Herniariz, nel; Ruptuce-wore or Herniaria, moft excellens for Rupsures, whence 1 bach ics name 5 or Rupture which they fay doth alfo move Ucineand break the Scone. Some fay cis efpecially good wats tocomfore the Sight.
Tribe XX. The Cowcumber, Gourd, and Plants of kin to them.
In regard of their long crawling ftalks wherewith they creep on the ground, we joynto the former Tribe Cucumbers, Citruls, Muskmelons, Pompious, Gourds: of All which there are Galfamine Many forts. Hereto appertains Coloquintida ot wild Gourd, Balm-Apple, Balfamina which isa wound Herb: and the Oy! wherein the fruit hach been fteeped after the feed is
taken out, isgood for Burmings, Buritnefs,; Pains and Ulcers of the Dugs.
Tribe XX. Thiftles and Thiftly Plants.
Da tata In this Tribe is Garden Bears. breech, Carduus Marie or Milky Thiftle, which removes
* obftructioas of the Liver and Spleen, and purges the waters of fuch as have the Dropfie.
The feed is {aid to be good for Convulfton fics of Infants, and co help fuch as are bicten by a
Serpent 5. atid itis now frequently ufed for che Pleurifie. The Globe-headed Thiftle or
Roundheaded Thiftle,the Downy headed Thiftle, che Goldenflowred Thiftle, che Star Thi-
fle, che Arcichoak, che Chameleon, Spina Solftitzalss, Venus bafin, Shepherds Rod:
Cardum Carduus ‘Benedittuys, the blefled Thiftle, commonly cad Carduus, which ts hor and dry,
Bentdicius -jeanfes and opens, refifts Poyfon, opensobftruétions of che Bowels, cures inveterate Fea-
vers, kils Worms, moves Urine, is good apainft che Scone. Wild or Wood-Thiftle 3 Gar-
den and Wild Cartbamus . Eryngus and Chrythmus; Eryngus moves Urine, and the Gour-
{es, ftaies Gripings, helps thofe chac are Hlepacick and Nephritick, incites to Generation. Alfo Cirfiam, oz fof Thiftle.
~ Byynge Roots.
Tribe XXII. Tufted Plants, that bave Clufters of feeds on the top.
Fennel ~ Inthis Tribe Fenel isthe Captain, whofe Roots open obftructions, provoke the Cour- fes, move Urine. The feed comforesthe Scomack, difpels Wind, comforcs the Sight, en- creafes Milk, drives out the Ucine and Scones. ¥
Anis. Anife is very much of kin co Fenel, it alfo expels Wind, provokes to Generation, helps fhortnefs of Breath.
Cawsey. Caraway, Ics feed ishot anddry tm thechicd degree, difcuffes Wind, helps Digeftion, moves Urine. | |
Dill, Dil, whofe feed boyled encreafes Milk, allaies Gripings, helps the Hiccup though but {mele unto.
Cumin. — Cumin, whofe feed is alfo hot and dry inthe third depree, it difcuffes Tumors and Winds, allaies Gripings, outwardly applied 5 being drunk it is good for a cold Breaft, being beaten and mixt with Vinegar it {tops bleeding of che Note by imelling thereco.
after meat drieth up the moifture of the Stomack, confimes the Spiicle, expels Worms, and moves Urine. Ani or Bifhops- weed, Carrot, Libanotis Hogs. Fenel, Bears-breech, Hercules Wound- heal, Afclepium. Lovage. Lovage, whofe Roots drunk with Wine help the digeftion of the Scomack, difcufs Wind,
cher-fics, heals che bicing of Serpents. Angelice: Angelica, which is good againft Poyfons and the bicings of venemous Bealls, diflolves clorced Blood, purges the Cheft. Pimperml . Mountain Siler, SL ak hot and dry in the third degree, whofe Roors move Urine, break Ce _ the Scone, ProvOkg chs ‘\ ‘ againft Poyfor'. , dy Imperatoriajor Mafter-woct, whofe Root is hor and dry in che third degree, of chin parts,
yy MeopickRerGns. . aa) Heb
Coriander, © Coriander, whole feed prepared, (that isto tay, fteeped in Vinegar anddried ) taken -
move {weat, provoke the Courfes aud Urine, bringaway che After-birth, are goodfor Mo- |
‘Courfes, openthe Liver, difpel Wind, eafe the Colick pains, ispood \
ail? Di ‘digefts cold Humors,moves Sweat and Urine, difpels Wind, is good fos Nephiitick and Hy- > |
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toy, | iy |. Smallage, Pe:fley, which moves Urine and the Courfes, anddrives out the Scone: ‘Hippo= te, | felinum, Chervil, Smyrnium, Caucalis Sweet Cicely, Gingidium or Tooth-pick, Hemlock, ly Cicutaria baftard Hemlock. Filipen ‘fond _ Bilipendula, which is hot and dry, opens and cleanfes wich a certain aftrictions che déla. x Decoction of the Roots drives out the Urine and Stone : fome commend the pouder thereof | againft che Falling-ficknefs, | . Meadaygs | Meadow-{weet, Thapfia, or ftinking and deadly Carrots, Parfneps, Carrots, Valerian, eet. : | whofe Roots are good agaiaft the ftingings of venemous Beafts, and the Plague ; they cake Valerian; ite | aWay the Strangury, Cough, Winds; help faults of che Eyes and comforc the Sight. i tear | ; i 7 Ma ‘ins I Tribe XXTU. = Berry-clufter bearing Plants. ae | Ited iy ; : F : | ae if 1 think fiz to place in this Tribe fuch Planes as bear Clufters of Berries or feeds and are Ag therfore called Plante corymbifer a; for Corymbus being around bunch of Berries {uch as we 44 fee in Ivy,thefe kinds of Planes have chence chear name : fuch an one ts Mugwore which brings 2fug-rwoyg Wie | away che Courfes and After-birch, alfo che Child, and drives out Ucineand Stones, . Bai mores | Yarrow, which cleantes with aftriction,glews cogether wounds, ftops Blood flowingfrom Yarrow; nT ; pl, any parc, {taies the Courfes, and heals the Bloody Flux. . ey nba f .. 2 te fores of Tanfies, whofe flowers in Wine or mul’d Sack kils and drives ouc Worms, 74?/e: On fs: | Giflolves the Scone, and brings away Gravel. i i The | ‘Matricaria or Feverfew, as the name fhews, is good for Women croubled with pains in Feverfer! ca . Ro. | theic Wombs borh inwardly and outwardly applied, difcuffech Wiad andwonderfully le ddy, firengthens che Womb. ae Pe aieaer ells Barts Souchern- wood. FAW a ormwood is a common Plant, but of manifold uf bi : ge Ne Gar . 9 ule ver 1ceer very wormwoork Fa Bf ve good for a Stomack troubled with Choler; for it {coures ic away, i Scoal and tL. snes ee cima, | EIDE Ie ftrengchens the Stomack, encreafes appetites comforts the Liver, and opens its ob= i ee fiructions, expels bad humots by Urine; and in this refpect it is with gteat profit ufed againft 1 fl ig long Agues, e{pecially Tertian, which at length bring the Pacient to a Cachexy. f aah \\k : dpi been Gotula Petida, ftinking Chamomel, which have been reckoned up in Tribe 'Z vi a e &, Wii Com 9 Tribe XXIV. Ferns and ferny Plants. " Mf, (il: All Pp] ; a ; 5 : { { i. ants whofe Leavesare placed along the ftalks like wings, may. be called Ferns, ; Py ~ 7 A ® | i ‘tly There is ficft male and female Fern 5 co which Polypody is of am a aa wean zi ‘s os Poljpoay 1 | ae | Be dipefts Back and clammy humors: moft fay it purges,but experience fhews it purges lice Pe clin, | DaLE all; yetic is goodcomingle wach other Purgers, efpecially of Melancholy, WE | Hacts- Tongue, co which though others aferibe other virtues ; i Sia 4 3 a be Heo cheng oad es 5 yet experience tels chat itis, Marts Ce ig |) good for Difeates of the Spleen, whofe obftructions ic opens, affwages its hardnefs and Lwele 702g ee) Wats tl P Roolop is a for oe ae Difea i of the Liver. ‘Hemionitys, or Milewore, eet ee oropenarium, Ceterach or singer Fern,ts of rare virtue co open and aflwage che {wellin pe peu a the Spleen, cure che Jaundice, break and expel theScone; Lonchitis, or aaa ae | 1 ie othefe aifo may be added Lunaria or Moon-wort, and Opbiogloffum or Adders-Tongue, aa foe | ‘ AG a Al aia Tribe XXV. Milkie Plants. — Vout: a vee Now | pene oe forementioned there are other Herbs that have a milky juyce inthem; as all ur WAM & Wad i ; yt § : Spurges, Characias, witb its forts : Cypariffias, Myrtotdis,Paralius,Heliofco- belt ale 4 Be ##, the broad leav’d, nartow leav’d, Knobby, -and the woody, all the forts ot Bula, and Elita POM! ft vee ese , 8 Lathyris, Peplis, Peplion, Chamefyce or Ground-Fig. The Efule do purge nay sl i vehemently Choler and Flegm, move Vomit, burn-the Throar, and exulcerate, stv | Tribe XXVIL Nervous Plants, got {n this Tribe we may place all che forts of Plantane: Now Plantane coolssand dries, is Plentaty r. . 001s" g ¥ ei aftcingenc and abftecfive, and hath mixed faculcies: iccures Tetters and ola siatioon is ue : 1 | good againtt all fluctions, yea of Blood ; refifts Purrefaétion and ftrengthens che parts, and ig ( whl f| good againft Poyfons; Swines- Crefes, All-bone, Fellon-wort, ND aN \ 4 SE ROR:
Chap. § The Hiftory of Plants. Book 6 368 : ate" ee phic oid a Herb Gerard, Fennel-Granct, Hops-Ferinel: Garden and Marfh Smallage, Mountain __
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“366 ~~ Book 6 Of the | Hiftory of Plants. Chap. §
ee
Pfylina Pfylliam. or Fleaworc, whofe feed 1s cold in the fecond degree, cemperate as to moiftureé
and drinefs, according to Galen. ItsMucilage mitigates burnings within and withouc the
Body , 1s good for exulceraced Guts: yer the frequent ufe chereof hurts the ftomach. Hi-
therto alfo fome refer Hounds-tongue; Star-worr, or che Harts-horn of Dodoneus ;
Woad, Toadflax, and Linofyris or Golden Star- flowered Toadflax, Shepherds pouch,
Viacero- Henot-grats , Vincetoxicum ox Indian Swa\low-wort , which asthe name fhews, 1s good sicum againft poyfon.
Tribe X XVII.
The remaining Plants which could not conveniently be reckoned in the foregoing Tribes, ; we put al cogether into chis laft Tribe, and leave ic co further confideration, how they may White Hel- be beccer digefted and difpofed. And in che firft place we rank whice Hellebore 5 whofe ebore == Root purges by Vomit, but very violently, kils che child in the womb, kils Mice mixed with honey and flour; alfo che pouder drawn up into the Nole caufethineezing, Elle~ borina, baftard Hellebore, our Ladies flipper.
(dace Hel- After the whice comes black Hellebore, which purgeth melancholy, and therefore cures ebore — madnefs, Hypochondriacal melancholy, thofe troubled with che fpleen, Quartan Ague,
Falling-ficknefs, and al Difeafes proceeding from Melancholy.
Ricinus... Ricinus,or Palma Chriftts ic heats and dries, its feeds purge choler and water by Ladies ftool.
Meatle Ladies: Mantle and Sanicle, which have the faculcy to heal wounds.
Sanle Garyopbyllata or Avens, whofe Root fmels like a Clove, whence it hath irs name, it heats
Avens — and dries, is good for che ftomach and Liver, diffolves blood clotted within thebody, and helps {uch as are bic by venemous Beafts. P ae: Afarum or Afarabacca, whofe Roots caufe vomit, and purge out thick and flegmatick ‘ humors : they move Ucme and the Courtesy remove obftructions of che Liver and Spleen, : and fo are good for the Dropfie and Jaundice. Birthwert ~ Ariffolochia or Birthwore long and round, fo called becaufe ’cis good for women in Long bles child- bed whole after-births ic brings away : alfoit moves che Courfes, and i good forthe F cikewe- Tiffick and Spleen. Arum or Cuckow~ pintle, whofe Root cuts thick humors in the cheft pintle and elwhere.” Dragon, water Dragon.
Biftorte ‘Biftorta or Snakeweed, whofe Root cools and binds, and cherefore ftops the loofnefs of belly and flux of blood;, is good for exulceration of the Guts, &rengthens che inner parts, refifts pucrefaction and poytfon, ftrengthens and faftensthe Gums. Bindweed, Herb Paris,
: water Pepper, Arf-fmart. ee
Cilisfoot. Goles-foot, whofe green Leaves do fomwhat cool, and therefore they are good to apply co hot Ulcers. Being driedchey are hot and dry, and moderately biting, and cheir fmoak taken in a Tobacco pipe helps fhorenefs of breath ; alfo the Root isufed to che fame pure pofe, and apainft che cough, whence *cis called Txfjilago.
There - Perfoliata or Through-wax, is bitter and aftringent. ‘The Decoction or pouder there-
whe.” ~ of is piven tofuch as are burften and fal from on high 5, and repreffles the farting Navils of
children. Grea, ~ Sympbytum or Comfry, of which chere are certain forts: The great, which cools, con~ comfy gpadts, and binds, heals Ruptures and broken Bones, ftops {pitcing of blood and other Excretions thereof, and-is good for the Bloody flux, and moft effectual co foddex wounds. Lungwort: Hereco belongs {potted Comfrey or Lungwort, good for ulcers, and other difeafes of che felf-beal: Lungs. AlfoBugle and Rock-comfgey 5 and finally, Prunella or Self-heal, which ie come mended againft the blacknefs of che Tongue in burning Feavers.
3 Tribe XXVIII, Of Shrubs and Bufhes. Shrubs areThe Bramble, greater and leffer; the Ciffws or Holly-Rofe, che red Corants, the Barbery Buth,Goats-chorn; Acacia,the Slo-buth, the Buck-thorn,white chorn,Holm, Broom; Tamarisk, baftard Dittany, baftard Sena, Rocket, Black-berry-bufh, che Myrel-
ay Dufh, the yD sxc hy Agnus Caftus, Privec; thePipe-buth, Curriers Sumach, Box,
> Hounds-tree-blacks Aller or Bucchers-prick tree, Spindle-tcee.
Tribe > |
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Chap. 5. Of the Hiftory of Plants. Boox 6.
Tribe X XIX. Trees,
There are many forts of Trees, but norfo many as of Hetbs. _ There are many kinds of “viilpar Apple-creés 5 alfo which more belong'to chis place, there isthe Cicron tree, the Li- mon Tree, the Orange Tree, the Pomegranate Tree, the Quince Tree, the Peach Tree, the Apticock Tree, the Almond Tree, the Pear Tree, of which again there are many kinds; the Prune and Plum tree, che Cherry cree, che Mulberry tree, the Fig cree, che Medlac tree, che Cornel tree, the Service tree, the Jujubee cree, che Cheftnut cree, che Walnut tree, the Hazel trees che Piftachio Nut Cree, the Bladder Nut tree, the Palm tree, the Olive cree, the Bay tree, che Rofe cree, the Jumiper cree, the Oak, che Holm, the Cork cree, the Beech tree, the Ath tree; che Alder cree, che Cedar tree, rhe wild Ath cree, che Poplar, the Elm, the Linden, the Birch, che Willow, the Elder, che Lote, che Savine, the Cyprefs cree, the Tree of Life, the Eugh tree, the Pine cree, che Picch tree, she Wir tree, che Larch tree, the Turpentine tree, the Lencifch cree,
And thus you have a Catalogue of che chief Plants, which [have therefore fer down;
- both chacal men, but efpecially our idle Difputers (who alwaies ftick in the fame peneta}
matter, and yet chink themfelves rare Naturalifts) may fee by che example of Plants how greac che amplicude of Nature is, and how that which weknow is the Jeaft pare of whac Weare ignorant of: alfo chac fuch asare {tudious of the knowledg of Jants mighe have occafion co cop fider how there may bea Method in Herbariim, and how:al Plancs may be reduced to fome certain Tribes: Which though I have noc here finithed and brought ‘to perfection, yec Ihave laid che Foundation... And not to fpeak now of others; Andreas Cafalpinus in bis Sixteen Books of Plants, undercakes a laborious Method: For afcer in the firtt place he hath explained Trees and Shrubs ;. he propounds the variety of Herbs ac- cording to the difference of their Seeds.. And in the ficit place he defcribes fuch as bear fingle feeds under every Flower, or have a fingle receptacle of feeds: Secondly, fuch as contain two feeds or receptacles of feeds, under the fame flower : Thirdly, fuch as cons" tain four, or more: And ac laft fiuch as have no Sed, -
But chough this diftinction of Plants feems co be laborious and curiotis enough, and ig therefore commended by fome, yet I fee not what Foundation ig hath; feeing chofe Plants are joyned in one and the fame Tribe, by reafon of che agreement of cheir feeds, which nei= ther agree in any fignature, nor any other waies. As for example fake, in che fourch Book, what agreement is chere betwixt Valerian and Spicaceltica, Hemp, Hops, Beets, Wheat and other Corns? In che Fifth Book,how do Gowcumbers and Gourds agree with Dwarf= Elder, Nightfhade, Indian Pepper, Lilly Convalley 2? Inthe Sixt Book, what atgeement is betwixc Rofe Campion, wild Turnep, Twopenny grafs, and Purflane? And the fame may be faid of che reft, . .
But I leave ic free for any Body to change and perfect this Method as he pleafes. For I am not ignoranc chat feveral men haye feveral aims in their Methods of Plants. Phyfitians
rank them according co their faculties and ufe in Phyfick. . Natural Philofophers have othes confiderations 5 fomie this, and fome thar, ; |
Ay fix aC) j pe j } / ¢ he - lh 207 eva 1 Pe / f , va IF BALL AC PACT FUCSIL« / ; en {0 ARs PLAILEA } oe : ION Me Ep g (a CHL a A €'¢ fox Ce (er F 3 od > ie
367
i ated
| 1 wl they Of eAnimals, or Living Creatures, ;
| ! TOP ty te * whic
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Chap. 1... Of the Senfitive Soul im General, Dyce
mm Foe
HR hE SLHSS S the Vegetative Faculty is common toall Living things; fo in all | Mit
be yoesteter +? Living Creacures there is Senfe, which iscommon both to Man and p cue
BE AOM SS 4 Beaft. By the faculty of Senfe Animals are diftinguifhed from At
PaO ees. Non-animals, as Ariftotle hath ix de Fuvent. & fenetk. cap. 1, and whi
aoe ic ¢ defenf. et fenfil. cap.1. Wherefore having treated of Souls in gene- cote
. PES Oeu8 = ral,and of che Vegetative or growing Soul, and of Planis; we now potp a ha wha come coche Senfitive Soul, and cotreac of Living Creatures. | i. | tel
| bd PH 4 : | Me The fenh-pageeeeye ‘eee And here in che ficft place, as we did before concerning Plants, fo , | tive feul we mutt fignifie, Thac the Senficive Soul is not che form of any Ani- |
ee | : mh | reace. mal, thougk void of reafon; nor isa Horfe a Horfe by vertue of its principle of fenfe; for 4 Ci i, i) form of efoa Pikefith fhould be an Horfe, nor woulda Lyon differ from a Dog. Yec is ic moft ho Me ny beafi: -manifeft, chacchele Animale differ in cheir forms, and incheir fpecifical operations depen= : my ' ding thereupon. ° Bue what thofe fpecifick forms are, is not eafietocel, bucthey are known to i Ne Bruits avesby their {pecifical actions. “And though many brute Beafts perform wonderful actions by the na | not rAtio-cheir {recifick farms 5 ‘yecare they not {uch as that we fhould therefore hold chem co be Ra- do i tional, and co parcake of underftanding. For as Scaliger, Exercitat. 317. f.5. tightly |g Wt proves,’ Nofiving Creature Cexcept Man) ‘performs actions properly Raticns!. “And the cule ih holy Scripture atcribuces Reafon to Man alone, as being created after the Image of God, "Ht Bt Eoclus v7.wet, 16,517, 18. Pfalm 32.ver. 9. | iy Hl Hr Bur chac we may creat of che Senfirive Soul in'general, there are three faculcies chereof 5 toi i i! ile vf tie knowing defiring, and moving faculty. “The knowing comprehends the external and thy hi l she font. internal fentes fo called: Appetite follows knowledg: finally tothe thing known the living any | sive font: Greature Moves. And feeing the knowing faculcy goes before the reft, in che frit place we J i bu | ; i} muft creat thereof, and forthe famecaufe we muft firft {peak of theexcernalSenfes. And |§ Yer eI | The word here you muft obletve, chac che word Senfe is taken cwo waies; fomcimes forthe Soulic | lea | Ha) fenfe taken {elf, or its Faculcy 5 fomcimes for the operation which proceeds from the Senfitive Soul,and | tooo \ WO Waits is called Senfation. uve Now-co-the»performance of Senfe thefe four things muft neceffarily concurs ‘Firft, Which The Senficive Soul : Secondly, che Organ: Thirdly, the Object: And ‘Fourthly, the Me- ull, dium, which comes between the Organ and che Object. For in che firft place, Alchough Il Senfation is attributed to che whol Animal, Soul and Body 5 yet the fenficive Soul isthe Prie Move mary Efficient thereof, and che body is {enfirive by means of che fou), which is the fenfacor No i } ep.perceivec of things by che fenfes. Foric is the Entelecheta or act by which a fenfible Ani- | Cis a mate B ody perceives things without 1c felf. And therefore a dead body void of a fenfitive | lene j id foul hath no longer che ufe of fenfe. Now che fecondary Efficient is the Inftruments of | |@ Mot ae! : Senfe, which are alfo“ieceffarily required co fenfacion. For although the foul be effential- tetton 7 vit Cly prefenc in thefwhol body ; yetis «6 no where che Auchor of any fenfe, where ic hath ao | tilly apa Organ : He ay noure thé fame Effence of the Soul which is inthe Eye,bealfoinche Foot; | Mo ay yo yet becaufe in the Foot there are no Inftruments either of feeing or of hearing, in the Foor S) 9 Min
rp neither fees,tior hearse a ; a’ Now |
J
~
Of the Senjitive Soul in general. Book >, 363.
Gaon
Now the Inftruments of Senfe (to ufe the words of Scaliger, Exertcitat.2o7, Sect. 3.) are The Ore
MAL “two: TheSpirics which have moft alfinicy to the Faculty 3 and the Members which have £425 of thé wei moft affinity co the fenfible Object. For the Spirits are fo fubcile, thac they may be almoft 10 rl reputed immaterial. They receive che imprinted {pecies or repre(entations of Objects.
| But che Inftruments are che conveighers of the Spirits. And although the Organs of the 1h Senfes confift of many parcs5 yet one above the reft is the chief Inftrument of Senfation: TN which Ariffotle alfo celsus inthefe words, 2 depart, animal. cap.1. by means of the fimilar parts, becaufe every fenje i of (ome one certain kind of thing, and Paty each fenfitive part accounted capable of {ome one fenfitive kind of things. ‘ | A
Now che Object is chat which is perceived by che Senfe, viz. The fenGble qualities. For the 0: W: although the Objects of the Senfes are {aid to be fingular or f{everal things, and corporeal Jécs Wit ee
4 fubftances 5 yer fubftances are not-perceived by the fenfe, as chey are {ubftances, buc as ld al! ~ they are endued wich fenfible qualicies, and contain in chem che formal Nature of a fenfible eA Object. For Peter (for examples fake) is {een as he is colored 3 is fele as he is hor, ee cold, &c. . Vie Now a fenfible Objedtis twofold 3 of ic felf,and by accident, That is fenfible of it felf, Senjabee a | ve * which primatily affects che fenfe, without the intervention of any other thing , as color is ebject i i it perceived by che fight primarily and of ic felf. But chat isaccidencally fenfible, which is noc aed? a petceived of it felt, buc by help of fome other ching wherewith ic 1s oyned and coupled. AQ : Por example fake, when we fay, I fee a {weet thing, meaning Milk: the whicenefs of the aE inal P Milk is feen only of ic felf, whictris the proper object of che Eye; but che {weecne(s be- in anand caufe joyned with chat whiceneds, is faid co be feen. x ae fom A chicg fenfible of it felf, is again twofold; Properand Common, The Proper is that ae 1, aid | . Which can be perceived by one fenfe, and no other 5 and concerning which no Error can be ie pene |) Commitred, as color by che fight, found by the hearing,&c. But che Common is chat which js i Ay} ; ow | HOt proper co one fenfe, but common co divers, And chefe are five; Magnitude, Figure, blake | Number, Mocion, Refts as Ariffotle'reckons them 2.de Animal. cap.6. text. 64. Andco Tove nt (0 thefe general Heads may al chofe be referred, which others reckon up 5 as neerne(§ and fare ae Ate | —-el8y which Scaviger in Bxercit. 66. makes a fixe common fenfible thing; Scitation, iI i les foe eel a evansticr Roughnefs, and Smoothnels, and others which are wont to be rec- ey mot B oned. Pa be | “Now which way the common fenfibles do affect the fenfes, is controverted amonpft Aus ay kom @ thors, while fome fay chat peculiar {pecies are by them imprinced upon the Senfes, and o- ene ons by thersdeny ir. Buc cheit Opinion is neerer che truth, who hold, Thac the common Senfibles ae beh | do prefenc no peculiar {pecies or reprefentacions to che fenfes ; ‘but only decetmine che {pea Wi! seh | cies or reprefencations of the proper tenfibles, and add tochem a peculiar manner.’ “For be= hy | Andie B caule the Senficive Qualities are nor perceived feparated from their fubjects, buec copecher | | na Goh 4 with them, che proper enters the fenfe with che common by one fimple {pecies or reprefentae a | | tion, yec{omwhac qualified: and color appears afcer one fafhion ina fquare Body, afcec i intl: anovher fathion inaround. Butifthe commonfenfibles fhould fend forch proper fpecies, | a iad | they fhould alfo do ir without thé proper ones: But chat they do not do, which appears in et} i | tran{parenc things, asthe Air, whofe figure we do not perceive by irs colar which is noneat yy {i : _ al, bucby che containing body, rather by imagination than by fenfe; ry Nal ey it BY et wedo not fay chat che common fenfible objects are perceived by accident, but by chem~ ye ‘| ‘| ‘ P felves {econdarily. For there are chree things which belong tod fenfible by accident, whieh MW Ml fo do noc belongtoa common fenfible. Firft, a fenfible by accident acts nothing upon the ve oul ourwardfenfe, whereby icis faidto be aceidentally difcerned, buc is only goyned with thac aay ci, | which of ic felf affects the fenfe. Again, a fenfible thing by accident may be perceived of i an i th ) = ttelf, by fome peculiar faculcy in the Perceiver, whether ic be fonve external or internal aay,
ie! j fenfe,:or che underftanding. © Finally, ic may eafily be perceived by its proper “ f} powers
ter . Now feeing al attion is performed by murual‘couch, and the fenfible object is mahy nh felt f times fardiftanc from che Organ of fenfe ; the Queftion is, how the object affeéts che Au HM ea" fenfe. Heteinal found Piilofophers agree, That tome quality is fence ouc of the object MM | aii" waco thefenfe. Now qualitiesare twofold, fome real or mactérial, ochers{piritual or ine re it uta" Ff) centionals as was faid before in Book 2. chap. 2. and the {pirical ase nothing bur Pictures el a enti _ and Images of che fenfible objects, flowing trom rhem, pure, thin, and tree%com the concre= — pwn _ tion of matter; andthac there are {uch f{piricual qualities experierice. it fell/Gbth ceach tse ie if eft P| Bor in the Summer cime, we fee the cloachs of fuch ds lie under a Tree paiiteed green with « ( en
006 “ ‘ : * ‘ : poe Pals ft ; : elf)” the color of the Trees and a cloth held befide a Glafs ful of Clarec, appears rod and orben’ \’ \ ? ie
wie examples). |
ey a. ray Ua LK he Page 9. NG eS Wa Br ; finn ) ped 4 gay ei a . i WN se it a ¥ 5
A me
Of the Senfitive Soul in general. Chap. I.
examples Scaliger brings, Exercit. 80. Seit.8. and Exercit. 298. Sett.3. And in general che fame ching is caughe by artificial Glaffes, which receive the Images even of things re- mote. And the fame is apparent alfo as to other fenfes.’ And chat rhe Nature of fenfible {piritual {pecies or reprefencations is quite different from thac of macerial reprefentations, Leo Hebreus fhews in his Dialogue de Amore, Lib. 3. by many reafons. The firftis, bee caufe al other qualities diffufe themfelves fucceffively and by degrees through cbeir dubject, bus light penetrates {uddenly and in amomene through a tran{parent body. Secondly, a quality when i¢ comes changes the natural difpofition of che fubject; buc Light makes no ‘ alceration in che tran{parent body, fave that icenlighrens the fame. Thirdly, other qualites ae | do not extend themielves through an infinite {pace, but light dces. Fourthly, chat | though the efficient caufe of other qualities be removed, yet there remains fome impreffion upon che fubject 5 but the Tlluminator being removed, chere is no light remaining. Fiftly, other qualities are moved with cheir fubject 5 buc Lighc is nor moved when che Ai or Water is moved. Sixtly, many qualities of che fame fore in one fubject are joyned and mixed to- gether 5 bucmany Lights are nor jumbled nor confounded; but cwo Candles make two fha- dows, chree make three fhadows, &c, Wherber al The firft Queftion therefore in this place is, W/bether all the Senfes receive {piri tual re-* ‘s (eles prefentations of things. Some indeed have been of opinion, chat {piricual reprefentations te are not neceflary in al che Senfes, but only in the fight 5 and that.al the other fenfes are tual epren wrought upon by material qualicies iffuing from their obj ects. But chis opinion is falfe, and fentations al,che {enfes are wrought upon by cheirc objeéts wich {pirscual {pecies or reprefencations. And of things * feeing of al che fenfes feeling xs moft terreftrial and moft dcowned in matcer, and its object {eems to have moft affinity wich material qualities, if we fhal prove chac chis fenfe is nos “wrought upon by real but {piricual qualicies, che fame wil be proved of al the reft. Buc heat according to their opinion, acts upon she couch materially ; and cherefore produces another heat therein; which neverthelefsis falfe. Foral che fenfes are faidto perceive the fame numerical object whereby they ate affected; which obfervation is crue in fpiricual | qualities. For alchough an accident or real object does alfo differ from a {piritual,numerie cally, if it beconfidered in it felf and according to its own Nacure; yetas being che image thereof icrefembles and reprefentsthe fame,ic may be cermed che fame numerically; and che fenfe perceiving the {piritual image of a thing,ts {aid co perceive che ching it felf; buc not fo,if it perceive a like real quality produced thereby. So he that bath feen the image of Aineas,is faid to have feen Aéneas: but he chat hath feen Ajcanius his Son, is never {aid to have feen FEneas. Thefame appears from the difference becwixt a material and {picitual. quality. For fince che action of the firft qualities is ccue motion, and 1s performed in time, and feldom produces in the Pacienc a.qualicy an{wering in degrees to ics own vercue, by reafon of the _refiftency.of contrary qualities ; 1¢ would follow chat fenfe fhould be performed in time and leifurely ; alfothat che fenfe fhould feldom perceive the true degree of its object, but com- monly aleffer. But feeing it is notchus infenfe, we muft hold chat only {piricual f{pecies orreprefencations, which have no contrary, are perceived by fenfe: which opinion alfo Ariftotle profeffes to holdin 2. de Anima, chap.12. text,121. Which alfo is exceeding manifeft in moft of che tangible qualities, which if chey fhould,a¢t materially upon the touch, they fhould produce cherein areal quality like themfelves, and che organ of feeling fhould become hard by feeling an hard ching, foft by feeling a fofc thing: whereas chefe qualicies have no fuch activity 5 and no fuch thing is found, either inthe Feeling, or any ocher fenfe.
Neverchelefs you muft here obferve, that indeed al fenfible {pecies or reprefentations of objects are qualities not material but {piricual, and Images or Pictures of the fenfible ob= jects flowing from them, as was faid in the place before alleadged; and that neverchelefs chere are {ome differences ofthem, and that {ome are drowned 1n the matter and cannot get out, others diffufe themfelves far from the Body from which they arife, being tied to no matter. . The loweft of rhe Senfes is feeling, whofe object does no where raile ic felf out: of the matter, but being hid inthe matter offers it felfco che fenfe. Sothat nothing is per- ceived by the couch, but what immediately touches the fenfible body, _ And juft fo ic ts with tafts, which never affect che {enfe of cafting aca diftance; but whatever affects the caft mutt immediately touch ang affect the congue. But the vifible {pecies or Images of things, #mi-
(a. cating the moftach coche fight az’ affect the fame, no body coming between wherein they adhere... After the
¢ ( Y « Metrals, efpesially thofe chat are lefs folid. Betwixt chefe {pecies or images, viz. The \ LPR ee tangible,
f 1 4 " / ‘te i /
im weal]
oeales
No foal, fencat attion molt {pene Soul ana ed thal fai bur: fon
a toAn
fame manner Sound is diffuled toa long diftance, and penecrates not only the Air, bucallag 1
Ye fame § and tak
a fi, {0
Where
“Sse, DI,
ental Rit enible toy, iM be ed, ly, a KES Tio lalites that
ition Pity, | Warr § Xd toe |
id) te lations laae f tad §
S, And Objed
8 nog | Bat Be oduces ye rbe |
nitual
uunetle bmage ands |) not lojt 9 Eieas avelten ae | feldom fi ofthe mead f ut coms | fpeces ion allo FF yeeeding J) pon the f feeling
ea thele
or ay
ations of fible ob F)
artheleli
snot pet ed 10 00 felf out ae |
icisattl
raf ot
gs, |
ce call
fect | byt aly Vib The Bt) al |
_ action of theSoul concurring thereto? J {pare to relace al
_ obur feems fo, by reafon of che biccerne{s ofcholer,
~ Chap. 2 ae sop the Sight. .
a te Ney
cangible, cafts, and vifible reprefentacions, {mels are as ic wereof a middle natures For they forthe moft pare, though they are nor brought to the organ of {meiling w fubject, as the vifible {pecies.are brought co their organs yet 1s there no neceflicy thac che ching {mele fhould be wholly applied coche noftrils, bur fmelling things do {end forth cer= tain vapors, whichare not theméelves odors properly cofpeak (chough fome Phyficians do fothink) but che odoursareinthem; norcan thef pécies or reprefencacions of {mels be car- ~ ried withone them, into diftant Places. ha Nor as touching the original of the fenfible reprefentations, we need not vex our felves, The origi. not introduce any agent fenfe,co form {entible {pecies out of che objects, _ Such is the nature ps of fen:
of qualities properly fenlidle, and chis power they have, Thac they can multiply themf{elve fible fpe-
S Cies. by tending forch their Images; and al forms can multiply themfelves, fome borh really and
{pititually, fome{piricually only. And if any thal ask, What Way they doit? Wecan
an{wer bim no more than if he fhould ask us how or why Fire heats. . Alfo a Medium is necefflary coSenfation. For feeing the fenfes are only virtually. affe- eee
ded by the object, a Medium mutt needs come berwixt: which alfo Ariftotle affirms, 2 de she fea a
Anima, cap. 11. text. 114. We perceive all fenfible objets through fome Medium: And?”
in 2. de Anim. cap.9.t. 98. It is commonto all, that a thing laid upon the Organ of Senfe
cannot be difcerned. And al thefe things muft concur, if Senfation be made, and chac riphe-
ly difpofed to; whereof ifcne be abfenc, or be not rightly difpofed, the Sen{acion either ceafes or is viciated,
Now wherein che Nature of Sen{ation
confifts, Authors vary 5 nor is the Gontroverfie fal, Whether Senfation be meerly a Paffion, and nothing bur the reception of che repre+
fencation of fenfible things? Or whether befides the reception of che {pecies there is any other
the Opinions of others, which are at large by Auchors related and confured ; only 1 thal fec down that which feems co me molt crue, and thisit is: Thefenfible {pecies, orthe object which fends forch che {enfible {pecies, isnot the agent or active principle of Senfacion : for Senfation is the work of che Soul, and tha¢.an immanent work, nor canbe atcributed to any excernal ching, efpecially an accident 5 but ic offers and reprefents co the fenfe the thing fenfible as che immediate ob= gett. Noris Senfacion only Reception ;_ which befides other things, is hereby apparent, in chat very often, when the fenfible {pecies is received in the Organ, there is neverthele{s no fen= fation, becaufe the foul incene upon other things doesnot difcern the fenfible appearances $ bur Senfation isalfo a kind of Action... For A@tion which is more noble and worthy chan Paf-
fion is not co be denied to che fenfitive faculty, fince ic belongs co the vegerative faculcy, and to Accidents.
Yet weare not taholdtwo Senfes, fame Soul is faid co aét and fuffer in a different refpedt. For the Soul and takes copnizance, is fo far faidto a * (peci
pan, fo far the Soul alfoir felf, which isin che organ and informs che fame; is faid.co{uffer. ribet Wherefore co receive the fenfible fpecies belongs co the Organ ; co j udg thereof when recei-
H power co receive the {pecies, 2 hereunto, Senfaction is there. the man= $ produced by a material object, are received in Bie the Soul cakes cognizance of chem and judges of then,
he Action is received in the Organ, and communicated
ichour a
ananimated Organ: being fo received and fois faid co be fenfible : finally, ¢ tothe whol.
One thing remains yet to be explained, what credit isco be given tothe fenfes, and whe= _ bether
ther they may err abou their proper objects, The Epicuceans did attribute fo much tothe * fenfe Senfes, chac chey choughe we could never be deceived, and heldchac al which welearn is co lowe ee bemeatured by che Rules of the Senfes, as 4u {tin {aith in his Book de Civitate De gBsSu rapes die cap. 7- Whence Lucresizs in his Fifth Book, conceives thac che Sun and Moon, are no bigger ject? than they appear tous. Contrariwife, the Academicks wil pive no creditac al co che Senfes.
That. we may know what cochink in this point, we muft obferve thefe chings followine:
The fente may err chree manner of waies : Firft: about che kind! or common: nature of its
object, »astaking color for found, found for {mel. Secondly, in che (ore and particular na=
ture of the object, as to.cake white for black, bitter for fweer, Fhitdbsy.i guts applicicins i. 4k co the object 5. when ic fo apptehends fome fenfible ching, as if ichad in” Some qualicy
which it, bach noc.indeed ;. as when the caft judgech meat cabs bitcer; which isfnow fo. indeedy , . wherewith thecongue is inieheds meg ludethematter: TheSenfecannorerr aboug ifsshee2 coe ‘Ny
~Speetgestuc \
. the Ape we \
Hence therefore thus we conc
eee
cag aeration ne rae ae Pa eer
rg en me =
2 eS Rae
= Se