Book 2. 7he Temfle of IVifdome. 227

he ctufcd the Sign oiCapricor» to be figured , for no other reafon, but only in meoiory that he was born under that Sign. Orelfethefe Figures areonclyfome Myftical Emblems under which the Ancients couched fome certain Philofophical Secret. Such was Neflers (ilvcr goblet in Hci» graven.
Whoever therefore knows not the myftical meaning of this Goblet, would, without doubt, feeing the PleU- des engraven on it, be apt to conceive, that it was made under fome certain Conftcllation as Tallfmans are, whereas there is nothing clfe in it hue a philofophical fenfc thus darkly delivered by Homer,
The Poet Anacreon who confulted with Bacchus as often as with his Mufe, makes himfelf merry with this Goblet oiNeft-sr, and entreats Vulcan to make him one without fuch a deal of philofophy, enough to make one crack bis brains : For what have I to do, quoth he, mihihQ Pleiades^ or bright (hining Bootes} Make me therefore, good Vulcan^ neither arms nor weapons, but make me a Bowl, as deep a one as thou canft, and engrave thereon no Stars , neither Charles his VVain^ nor the fad Orion, but carve me out a Vine, with its fwelling Grapes, and C^^fid, Bacchus^ and BMhilluSy prefiing them together*
I doubt whether or no many of thof^ precious ftoncs that we fee in ancient Rings, which are com- monly taken for Talifmans , ( fuch as was that of our Countryman Bagarri^ ^ whereof I make men- tion :) on which we find Cn^id , Bacchus , Vines, bunches of Grapes , and Vine branches engraven , were not rather the effefts of fome gallant humor of fome Philofophers who defired to wear on their fin- gers the Emblemesof Wine, rather then any other figures* In
2q8 The Temple of WtfdoMe. Books.
I I ' " — - —
In the fame Book where I fpeak of the power of Ke- fcmblance, 1 know nothow,the word F ranee htih flipt in in ftead of Italy, For it is in Ital^ chiefly where the Leprofie is fo frequent, by reafon of the great quantity of Hogs fltfti chat is eaten there more then ia any o- ther Kingdome : and the reafon that in France we fee fome infeded with this difeafe, is, becaufe that here, next to the [talu where elfe. Neither do I fay this, but according to the opinion of Phyfirians, Without the leafl: purpofe of of- fending any-, either .Sti angers, or thofc of my own Nation. In a word, Courteous Reader, I fliall defire thee to interpret in good part, whatfocver thou (halt find in thisB^ok, feeing that my purpofcisto deal clearly, as one exempt from pailion.
In this Book my intent is not to rank fofephs gift of Interpreting Dreams with the Art of Conjeduring at the meaning of Dreams: Nor yet tore jed the order of the Commandcments eftabhihed by the Church, and to introduce that which is let down, for I there follow the Jews manner of counting them.
Laftly, I muft intreat thee tocoired the faults cf the Preis, and ufe me as thou would tt be ufcd thy fe'f, i.e. fpeak wcUif thou doefl: not underftand it, and I will dofoofthme: for as the Poet faith to his Readers, fo I conclude this Book.
Headers he civ'l and do fiot ahttfe the Poet
SiJ not ii^s old .ft'olc^ or I k^oWf it^
If any fuch thinz >■ ^"^ A^'
Sny fjsthing^ hee^l do as much for theci
FINIS.
Ocia Impenalia:
SELECT EXERCISES
O F
rhjlofophjij Poluj/^ IVar^ Government^ Sec.
THE
tdea of the LAW Charaftered from Mofes to
King CHARLES.
Whereunto is added 5 The cruel Tyranny of Cromwel^ and the Life and Profit (Emperour% Kings, Princes, Dukes, Mirqueffes, Earls-jLords, Knights, Judges, Gentlemen, Counfellours, Stu- dents, Clerks Atturnics, JufticesofPeace,6cc.) may receive from this Book, by Eugenitfs jheo- dida&us. Now publikely communicated to the World.
By J o H N H E \ D o N Gent. ^iKovo/jj):, A Servant of God and Secretary of Nature.
AN AX. 'Non minus requium ejiparv.i lihenter , Acfrompe accipere magna tribuere.
London^ Printed for //. Brome at iht Cjun in Ivie-Lane^ SLCidT.'Kjfoh 9it the Lamhia S^Panls Church-yard. 1653
1 he Proem.
IN the former time of Tyrnnnji rve were called Euge- nius Thcodidadus. Forafnt^icb a^ necejftty of nutPie mJ:^\b men to will and, dejire Bonura fibi, :hac witch ^is good for themfdves^ar^ to -vcid th^r whirk k hnnful ; but msfi $fall the terrible encmj ^f Nature, D^^th^ fror/t who^ we expe^ both the lofs of all pwer^c^ alfo the greats ef: cfbodtlj pains in the l^f^y-g^ ^t is 77otagMiiji re^ifon that; a rr}.tn doth all he f ^;;, t>pre/erve his civ:^. body a:id limbf^ bothfror/t death and pain. And that rvhich is not an ah ft reafon^ men call Right, or Ju5, cr blamelefs liberty , #/ ufing ofir o^n natural power and abiltty, !• is therefore a right of nature. That every rr>an rn^y prefe/VJ his own life and Umbsy with all the power he hath.
And becaufe ^here a man hath right to the end , and the end cannot be attained without the means ; that is j ^ithom fuch things ^is are necejfary to the a-dy it is co- Cjuent that it is not againjv re^ifon, and therefore righr for a man to uje allme^ns^ and dowhatfoiv^r aSl:on ts ne^ ceffary ^er the prcfervation of his body.
And f^eirg men ca^.not be afraid of the power they be^ lieve not, and an oath is to no purpofe^ wtthaut fear of hint theyfwear by^ it is necejfary that he that fweareth^ do it in that form which himfelf admitteth in hii orfin Religion^ and not in that form ^hich he ufeth that putteth him to the Math, For though all me-n may k^ow by nature^-, thai: there is an Almighty Power, neverthd::fs they believe not that they [wear by him in any other farm or name^ then what their own (which they thinly the true) %eligion teacheth them* Qjq 2 Anci
^:^2 The Proem.
And by the dt fi-aiiov of addeth not a greater obligation toperfom the Covenant ("^orn^ then the Covenant CArrieth in itfelf^ but it pHtteth a man into greater danger ^ and ef greater pHnijhmeMt.
Covenants andOathi are Dc Voluncariis, that is^ Dc poffihiUbns, Nor can the Covenantee under Jkand the Co^ venditor to promife Jmpoflibles, for they fall not under deliberatten: and confeq^tcntlv no (Covenant ts underflood to bind further^ then to onr befl- endeavonr^ either i^i per- fcrmance ef the thing promtfed, tr in fomethtr^g a^uiva* lent.
It happeneth many timefy that man henefittetb or con- tribiiteth to the power of another without any Covenant ^ bnt onely upon confidence and trujl tf obtu.nmg the grace and favour efthat other ^ whereby he way procure a grea- ter, or no lejs benefit and affi fiance to htmfelf. For by Keceffi:y hf .wtttire every man doth in all hi6 voluntary anions intend fome good ttnio himfelf* In th^ cafe it is a Law of Nature , That no man iuffer him , chat thus tiuftcth to his charity, or good affedion towards him, to be in the worfs eftate for his trufting. For tf he fhallfo do , men vpill not dare to confer mutually to each others defence^ norput the mf elves into each others mrcy, upon any terms what foivsr^ but rather abide the fitmofl a>.d Ivor ft even ofhoj^iliiy; by which general dif- fider.ce^ men will not onely be erforced to war^ (fUt alfo afraid to comefo much ^vithi^ the danger of one another^ 04 to Tfidie any over, ure of peacC' But this is to be under'* flood of thofe only that confer their benefits {as 1 have faid) upon truft o^ly^ and not j or triumph or efientatien. For oi ^'hen t>ey doit upon truft^ the end they aimed at^ uamely to be well ufedy is the reward ; fo alfo when they do it for ofientaiion^ they have the reward in themf elves. But feetngin thtscafe there paffeth no Covenant^ the
breach
The Proem. 235
breach ofthi^ La"^ of Nature^ is not to he called Injury. It hAth another r7amey town. Ingratitude.
Ic u aifo a Lmv of Nat fir e ^ That every man do help and endeavour to accommodate each other as far as may be, without danger of their pcrfons, and lofs of their means to maintain and defend themlelves. Vor feeiyig the caufcs offVar upd DefoUtion proceed from thofe j>dJfion^ hj rvhtch vce ftrive to dccommodate. our [elves ^ and to leave others m far as we can behind us^ it foUo^^eth^ that that pajfion by which ^e ftrive mHtnallj to accommo" date each oiher^ mttft be the catife of peace. And this paffion is that Qurtij defined in the Harmony of the World.
It 16 alfothe L^w of Nature , That no man obtrude or prefs his advice or counfel to any man that dccla- rcth hirafelf unwilling to hear the fame. For feeing a man taketh counfel concerni-^g what is good or hurt of him.- jelf onely^and not of his Counfellor^ and that Cotmfelii avolunta'-y afkion^ and therefore te^deth alfoto the good cftheComifellor^ there may be often jajixcaufe to ftifpe^ the CoHnJellohr : and though there benone^ yet feeing Counfel uyiwilUngly heard y is a needlefs offence to him that IS not willing to hear it, and offences tend all to the breach of peace ^ tt is therefore againfi ihe Law of Nature to obtrude it,
A man that fh all fee thefe Laws of Tsljttire fet down and inferred with [0 mmy words ^ and fomuchadoe^ may thinl^thert is fo much dijfctthy and fubtiliy required to acknowledge and do according tp the faid Laws in every fuddenoccafion^ when a mtn hath but a little time to con- fder. And while we confider man in moft paffions^ as of Anger, Ambition, Covetoufncfs^ Vain-glory, and the Itke^ that tend to the excluding of nutural Eqtialityy it is trm. Bpttvpithomthfefaffi^nSy there is aneajie ruleta
Q^ 5 kn^»
^^^, The Proem.
]iy.ow ii-^uti a ]ndd fig^LKJi the L.:\v of f7atffrc, or ho: : and it u hm this , That a man imagine bimfelFin the place of the party with whofli he bach to do, and rtciprocally him in his. which is KO more btn a chdngir.g {m a ^ere)ofthf Scales. For every iy:ans pafjicn weigkeih heavy tn his own Scji/e, but tn the ScnU of his nei^i^hhcHr. j^nd this rule is very ruellli^'Oron iind expreffcd i;-7 this old dictate ^ Quod ti hi fieri non vis, alteri nc fecei is.
Thefe L.:rvs of N.ttHre^ the Sum -whereof coy: lift eth^ in forhiddihg us to be our ow?2 J^dg^s^ andour own Carz^ers^ and in cor/trytarJtrig us to accCT'/medace one arother ; in cufcthcj fhetild be ohferved by [ome and not by others , vpould nh^ke the ob fewer r bm a vrpj o thsm rhat fiould neglell thtrytj^aving the good bsth rvithoin defence ^g thcwich^ed^ andaljo with a change tn t^f lift thfrnl which is againfl the fcoje ef the faid Laws^ tb^t a e made o^^/y for the protection and defence of thm that- k^ep them. Renfon iherefore^and t^e Lt^w cf ,Nuitire over arid a^zff all thfe par-icuUr Ljiws^ do:h diSla:e tiis Law %n gene- ral , That thofc pxrvcAat Laws he (o far ob^^rved, as they lubjefl us not to any incommodiry tha: in cur own judgments may ariie by the nei:l€d:fher£Otin thole towards whcm we obfeive thtm; a^d co^fe- ^uentfy recjuireth ro more bm the defire and conftam in- tentioij to endeavour and be ready to obferve thcm^ unlefs there be cattfe to the. coiitrary in other mens refufal to olferve them towards uu The force therefore cf (he Law ofMiture^ is Kotin f^ro externo , till there be fecurity for men to obey it, but is.^.l\vays in foro iiuerno, wherein t'yf ^i5t;on ofoiedience being Mnfafe^ the will and readi»efs to prform-y is ti.kenfi>r the performance,
Amor:g!} the Laws of Nit urey ( ufloTKes ard prefer h pions arc not numbred^ For n>h,it[o€ver tiQion is againfl
re. fott^
ine rroem. 2^55
reafon^ thitfgh it be reiterated ^lever [o often^ or that therf be never ^0 many precedenrs . hereof^ is flill ag^tnfi reafo» and therefore not a Law of Nature^ but contrary to it» But corjfem and Covenant m.tj [$ alter tbs cafeSy whkh i» pile La)^ of Nature maybe }>hc by chaitging the Ctrcum- ftancet, that that which roM renfen before , may aftey TPards i/e agdf:ft it , and yet is Rsafen jitil the Law, For thoftghevcr) man be boHnd to allow equally to ar^otherjet if thAi other jhall fee caiife to renoHnce the fame and wak$ btmfe If infer ioHTy thtn^ if from thenceforth htcovflder him as infer ioury hebreaheth not thereby that Laro of Nature that commandeth to allow equality. In fttnfy Amans own confent may abridge him of the liberty which the Law of Nature leavethhini, but cuftomnot; nor can either ef ihem abrogate either thefe^ »r any other LaW of Nature,
That men ought to fland to their GovenoJftSy h taffgbt^ Pfal, 15 . IVhere the Que fl ton being ajked^ verfi. Lord who (hall dwell in thy Tabernacle ? &c. It is anfweredy verf,^. He that fwcareth to his own hindrance, and yet changeth not. ^^d that men ought to be gratified where no Covenant frtffsch^ Deut. 25.4. TfeoQ fhalt no^ muzzle the Ox that treadeth out the Com , T^hich 5. Paul, I Cor. 9.9. i^uerprrtethnot ofOxenhm^Afen^
That men content themfehes with eqt^lity^ as it i^ the foundation of naturalLawj fo alfo is it of the fecond tab/' of the divine Law .^ Matth- 52. 39. 40. ThotJ fhalc love thy Neighbour as thy felR On tbcfc two Laws depend th^ whole Law and the Prophets ; which is not fo to he underf^ced^ as that a man fhould fiudyf9 much his neighbours frofit as his own^ or tktt he (hould divide his goods among ff his neighbot^rs ; but that he fhould efleem his neighbour worthy all rights ar.d frivi^ ledges that himfelf enjejcth ; and attribute nnto hsm^
2:^0 IheProeiTi,
"^hatjoever he Uoketh Ihotildhe attrwHiedumo htfnfelf', rvhkh is ne msre^ bnt that he jhoft/d be kumhU^ meek, ank cofJtetJtwith eqfiitltty.
And that in diflrihuting of rigl-t Ame>igfi equals, that dljtribHtfQn is to be made accordifig to the proportions cf the numbers ^rvhich is the givi>ig ^^firqualia aeq salibus,^ proporcionaliaproportjonalibus,jyf /;^z/fNum.26.53,54 the commaadnTent ofGed ts Mofes, Tliou fliait divide the Land according to the number of naracs , to many thou (halt give more, to few thou flhalr give ief^, to every one according to his number. That deuftonby let 16 a weans of peace ^ Prav.iS.iS^ The lot taufcth contention toceafe, andmaketh partition amoi^gthe mighty.
That the accommodation andforgtvenefs of one another rMch have before bee fi pHt for La^s of Nature^ are^lfo Layi> divine , there is no ^jefii^n. For they are the Ef- fence of charity^ which i6 the [cope of the whole Law, that we otigbt not to reproach &r reprehend one ^nother^ is the doBrtne of onr Saviour^ Mat.7. 1. Judge not, that ye "be not juii^ed. Vtrf. 3. Why fecft thou the Mote that is in thy brothers eye, and feeft not the Beam that is in thine own eye ? Alfo the Law thacforbiddeth us to prefs enr Coanfelupcn others ft^rther then they admit, is adi' ^lifie Law*
In the making of a Democracie^ there pajfeth no Cove^ n.^nt between the Soveraign and any Sub]eB. For ivhile the^emocraeie is a makjng, there ts no Soveraign with X^hom te contrdEl. For it cannot be im:igined that the ^jMnltitude fhoHld contraB "^ith it fdf^ or Veith any one fyiaHy or number of men^ parcel of it p If ^ to make itfelf Sovereign ; mr that a multitude confidercd as One aggre- gate^ can give it fc If any thing which before it hadyiot^ Seeing then that SoVeraignty Demecyatical is not con- ferred
The Proem. 257
f erred by t'ne Covenant of any m^iLtntide Tvhtch fftppofeth Vnionand SoVe^aignty already made'^ it refieththat the fame he conf/rred by the far ticnlar Covenants of every Jeveral tnan^ that u to fay ^ every man with every man^ for atfd in conjideration of the benefit of his own feace and defersCe^ covenanteih to fiand to and obey ^hatfoeVer the ma-or parP of thetr whole f7umber , or the ma'pr fart of fuch a nnmber of them as fhallbe f leafed to afm femble at a certain time and fUce \h.iR determine and command* And this is that ^hich' giveth being to a Democracie ^ wherein the foveraign Affemblywas caU led of the Greekj^ by the name c/Demus, {that is^ thepeo' fie ) from whence cometh D:mo:rac:e. So that^ where to the. fhpream and Independent (f^onrt tverj man may come that tvill and give his Vete^ there the Soveraign is called the people.
Out of this that hath been faid, may readily be drawn, that whatfoever the people doth to ^.ny one particular mem" ber or fubjetl of the Comrrtoiiwealih , the fame by him ought not to be filled injury. Tor firfi injury ( as yoH may fee in our Holy Guide ) is breach of Covenant ; but Covenants ( as hath been faid in the precedent Difcourfe)^ there pajfed none from the peo^ ph to any private man '^ and confequently ^ (to wit the people ) can do him no in ury^
Secondly 9 how u'-^juf} fcsver the aBion be that this Soveratgn Dcm^s jhall do, is done by the Vfill of ۥ very particular m^.n fnbje^ to htm , who are there- fore guilty of the farne^
If therefore they fttle /VIn/ury-, they do bm auufe themfelves ; and it is againfi reafon for the fame man both to do , and complain , implying this contradi- Uion , thM whereas he (irfi ratified the peoples aUs
in
■?ji.
258 The Proem.
Sffgcntriiljhe mr^ difalloyvtth the [awe of them in parttcu^ iar- It is therefore /aid trtily^ Volenti non fit injuria^ Neverthekfs nothing doth hinder but that divers aEti^ tins done bj the fe^fle may, be uffjuft before ^9d Al^ wight J, as breaches of the Law of Nature* Read the Idtt of the Law , Government, War , and Tyranny
OCIA
W
2^9
O C I ^ I M ? E R 1 A L I A:
CHAP. I.
Of the coffdition and true happineG of a King,
Uring the Tyranny of the late Times, in our ... Book called 7 he Idea ofth Ltw, wc have been bold to teach that chcy are either blind or ig- norant thar(vvith the Vulgar) eftimates the happwefj of a K^yig to confifi tn titular hcmptrs^ Lirgenffs of DomU rions^ miHicHj of SfibjtBs, f^ir Fa/aces^ multitHde of al" i'g'-ance^ rich treafares^ and other gLjleririg jhcwsi they never iookinio the heavy buith*;n and thorny cares of Government^ whereof a Diarkin iscompofed, wherein \\\^fhj:frejfing ofVice^ exalt ing of Vert tte^ equal admi- niflration ofjuftice, immediately in hisown perfon, and mediately by his Officers^ the defence of the poor and opprciTcd, day and night to be watchful that nei- ther in his own perfon 9 nor in others, the Law be in- fringed, ought to be, and are the chief and infcparable companions of £mperie, andfo annexed to a Giown, upon no lefTe peril tht!n privation of ail tbofe worthy Epichltcs which are due to good Princes here^ and of the eternal reward, thjt is promifcd hereafter; Thi? Kingly charge, outwardly glorious, begun with cares continued with f;^ars, oftentimes ended with fcrrows, rightly confidered, will make ^J^^^^^j with fighs be- wail
240 Ocia Imperialia.
i Wail the jnifery of Kings DamocUs leave to flatter / J)iom[tus , Golden Crafus in (orrow and admiration remember old Solon ; let therefore all Princes who are tranfporred with the libidcnous dcfire of Raign, or ambitious inlarging of their Dominions, wifely ex- pend thefe fcllowing reafons.Rcad the Idea of the Law &c. The Holj Guide lib. i. Ch. i.
Firft the great charge that is impofed upon fuch to whom government is committed, andhowdifficil ic istoexerciie the lame rightly, what wifdome is re- quired in Princes, left they not only make fiiip- Wrack of their own private , but of the Fublique eflatc; hoTv far they ought in vcrtue to excel others; for as feeing h peculiar to the eye, hearing to the ear; fo is the publique good to a King, which without wifdome he can no more govern, then a blind eye iee, or deaf ear hear: wherefore let none alpire to the facrcd feat of a King, but fuch who iUidy by wiidome and vertuero exceed thofe they over-Hjle. The Holy guide ihcwsthiset large in the third Book , and how to attain vvifdomc and vercue* See the Idea of Tyranny,
Secondly, Let them confider, that the .Scepter is not given unto Kings tyranncufly to abufe the au- thority committed to fhem, but to be (Irid Obfer- vers and Miniflers of the laws, they impofeupono- thers, becaufe the reciprock duty, ( otherwilc then in the dignity of commanding and that Kings are onely comptableto GodJ is mutual.
O King, laid ^^^p^rw, fincc there is none upon earth able to compel thee, impofe a neccffity of keeping the laws upon thy felf. aXiigaftus Caf^r likewife having made a law for the punifliment of
Adulterers,
Ocia Jmferia Ua, 2 4 1
Adulterers (overcome with fiaiiiy and the violence of his palfions) did beat a young man, who hadbeea more familiar with his daughter ^«/iVi then did be- come him ; but hearing him cry out O Cdi^ar I ap- peal to the law which thou ball made, did fo con- dole the exadation of punifliment, not due before the lawful trial and legall cenfure^io that he did for- bear eating or drinking for a time. A notable ex- ample in a great Prince to whom the breach of the law he had made was fo dilplcafant that he fludied rather to purilh bis own error, then the offence of fo high quality committed igainft his Koy a! Dignity. This prince did well know that the law is the 5ove- raign Queen of divine and humane government and that it is not enough to make or underhand the laws, but to keep them. As you may read at large in our Idea, of the Lmv &c.
Thirdly, Let ambitious (j/^/^AT^W^r and tyrannous Dienifus (whofe ruling appetite and cruelty one world or humane blood cannot fatiate) confider that Kings are the Images of God ; and as God is not only goodnefs it felf, but diftributes his goodnefs to all men; ^o a prince (being Gods Vicegerent) ought to be profitable to his lubjeds, not to prefer his private good before their publiquc ill, but to draw his pidure by the pattern of his maker, and fo go before his Subjefts, not only in abandoning of Vice, but in following of Vercne ; knowing as hcexcelU others in place, (ofar ought he to furpaffe all other in external and internal vertues; and finally that A fympathy betwixt his greatnefs and goodnefs is re- quired of him : Let a prince wifely weigh that, the helm of the Common-wealth is committed to his charge, the well or ill government whereof will one
day
242 Ocia Jmferialia,
day either be re'»^ardcd with a more glorious Diadem i or punniihed (for tbclliipivrak of his 5u.bjeds expo- led in his default upon the works of perdition )vvith eternal raifery. There is nothing that either is more contagious or that fooner difperfeth ic felf through , the body of a 5t^tc,,thcn the example of a Prince . whofe hte is fo confp'cuous as the Sun ; and therefore neceffarily muft either to the good of all men , 'b^ the bed »mong men , or to the prejudice of all men , and bis own ruine the moft wicked. Readout idea of (government.
Fourthly, The boyling def»re of Empire willgrow cold, if a Prince (etbefr^rc his eyes , the infinite dan- gers to which he is fubjed, to what burthen he is tied, how lull of Thorny cares and pirils , and commonly bow jhort the life of great Potentates is. It was not without caufethar^^t/rfr did complain upon the mifery of Princes, iubjtd: to perfidious machinations, de- teilabie i reafons, dccciptfulconfpiracie^, and intoxi- catepoyronings,they cannot in fa fety go abroad with- out a guard, neirhrr rak^* meat before fome o:her taftc it ; Princesfnuft n peace hve Armed , not only againft the invafion ol- foreign Ef.emies, burintcftine& dome- ftick friends ; one betrays birrs ; an other dereives him , others diffemblediy magnifies him : he is th^ (uL/ed: of ail difcourfc , the objed of all mens eyes, from all which the vulgar fort live fecure, they arenither lub- jed to fears , nor feared or envied of any ; their car- then cups yeild them drink to quench f heir thirft, but ncttoextingrifh their life, hunger makes rheir brown biead fweet, labour their flcep quiet, a faiali fire keeps them from cold, cO'jrfecloathsfhdtersthcirnaKcdnef^ and an innocent life crowns their death ; By which ic i;s evidcrt whofoeveraffedi> limpire, mufteither fooL
liOily
Ocia Imperials, 2 45
liflily be ignorant that he is fet upon the i heater of the WorldjOr whac intricate difficulties arc in the right difcharge of a KingsOffice;or Tyranc-likCjrefoIvc ^at theComoaon- wealth mult be the ftay of his iniolent life ahd wi(hed-for death. The continual coyles whereunto Piii-ices are fubjed, made C^far oftentimes wifn to be exoner d of io weighty t burden. This hath been the caufe that many wife and learned Princes, have prefe- red a private life before publick greatnefs. %f/id sur Holy Gtiide.
Laftly, Let the ferious premeditation of theflrid: account that a Prince muft give, ferve to curb the infolenc affeding of (jovemment^ %^ad 9iir Idea of (jLVsrnment.
The time will (hortly come {"Death fp.^ring no more Kings then Beggars) when he muftyeild uphisac* counts^ according to the greatnefs of his lalientcora- fflitted to him, before fuch a Judge, before whom all the Monarch? in the World arc not able toappcalcjand when they can neither deter, deceive, or corrupt, what ftrid account will he take, what fevrc judgement will he pronounce agiinft fuch, aseither unjuftiy have ufurped his authority on Earthv orbeing lawfully called CO inch an high hon our , have notacquited chcmfelves of the cruft committed to them ; forefeeing of To great 2 danger,the beft remedy is, that Princes fquare all their AdiQns,by that fame meafure, by which they (hall certainly either receive the bleiling and a better King- dome, or the curfe of I ^wtfB^fl'/ »5r, and eternal toc- Sients, Read our Harmony of the fVarld.
It is now manifcft that a good Prince (to whom tbe'inceflant care of this great charge is more dicar then the mad and foolidi defirc of preheminencc; is cot happy by the external {hc«rsof greatnefs, but by
(hewing
244 OcialwferiaUd,
ibewing hirafclf great Firlt in thcover-rulinfi himfelFi (which IS n©ne of the leaO,but rather the perfedion of humane Adions ) and then by the eitabliQiing of good tawsj going before his people in the obfervation of them, in the equal adminiftration of juftice, in rewarding the vertuous, and puniftiing the vicious, exalting the humble and obedient, beating down the proud oppreflbr , inreprefling of Enemies , cherifli- ing of friends, in puniihing treafcmable pradiles , de- teftiag impoO.uring flattery, chaftizing detradors, difcountenancing hollow- hearted Hypocrite?, day and night to be bufied in the publick a^sires , and finally to (hew himfelf luch, as he cares not who looks into his moft fecret A(ftions, or outward gedure. Read our book called the Idea of the Law ^ tec,
Thefc and the like be true kindly fun(5lions, and the rich Jewels that adores a Diadem ; for the happincfs of a Prince doth not confiil in tempora'v or momen- tary pleafures, grounded upon the Onking fjundation of deceitful vice, but upon the never perifhing de- tightSy buildcd upon the unmoveibie Rock of vertue , unto which no man can afcend , but by the fteps of divine Wifdome , which Solomon (m vvhofe choice it was to ask what he pleafed) did well know to be the life of Government , he did not a^k Riches, nor !arge Dominions, norvidory over his tnemies, nor vain- glory, nor pleafures ; butwifdomc, neither worldly Wifdome, but fuch whereby in upright nefs and un- deritanding he might judge his people. P/;///?/? of .^.t- cedon wis defirous that his Son AlfXinder fhould not give his mxtiAt tocorrupcable riches, neither to the extending of his Dorainions,but to the ftudy oiThUo- fofhy ; Thus great Princes did con(ider,that Wifdome and Learning are the HerculeAn Pillars, and iupporters
of
Ocza ImperidlU. 245
- — - f — : — — — — ^
of Kings » without which tbeir condition (although cmbclilhed with the Empire of Jfexander^ths Armies of Xerxes, the riches of Crafus^ the glory of Solemen^ ind other whatfoev er failing vanities, either nature doth produce 9 or Art invent , is more mifeiable then the poorcft Codrns , or difpifed Lazarus. Read the Holy Guide Itb 3.
It is the wifdome (econded, by good education and learning, that dignifies a Prince in his youth , accom- panieth him in his life , and glorifies him after death.
CHAP. IL
what benefit c&meth to a King by good Educa- tion and Learning
A S the mod fertil ground without culture is not -*^only Barren in the produdion of wholfome fruits but doth overgrow with Thirties and hurtfull weeds ; fo the mind of man without Education is not only infertile in the propagation of vertue, t uc natural- ly inclined to bring forth ianorarce , voluptucufncrs , and all other vices , Solomon laith , ThatfooUfhrjefsts tied to the hejtrt of a young man^and c^khos be untiedifitt hjf the harJ efinftruUiion: There is no man bOrn good, neither Prince howfoever nobly defccnded, without wholfome dodrine , did ever prove himfclf worthy of Empire ? It concerneth therefore generous high born and ingenious Princes in their young years , to follow the (ludy of good letters, to honour, love, and
R r Kctaia
246 Odd Iwpenalia^
retain the profeflors of liberal Arts , and ro be profici- ent in them. The benefits thereof are many, the effeds admirable , and the reward ineftimable , Read our HoljGtnde. lih,t, chap, 2.
Fird^ vcnuous education begetteth a habit of vertue and hatred of vice, for there is nothing more certain , then that thereby a man becometh more then a man, and participates in the Divine nature; on the other fide, if he be left to his natural ignorance, he degene- rates to ail wickcdnefs , and fympathies rather with the moft Savage and rude beads, then withareafon- ableman.
Lttcftrgtis the SpArtan Lawgiver made manifeft the powerfujnefs of education by the divers cfFeds of two puppies. See the Idea of the Law»
Secondly, although a Prince fo exceed all others in the abundance of all things , t^at Learning may fecm either to fcrve him to fmall ufe, or not neceffary at all 9 yet for many weighty confiderations , the more pow- erful he is, the lef* able he is to govern,either himfelf,or his people without knowledge, & Learning,being more read> t decline from the right hand of vcrtue,unto the left hand of vice ,' then to keep the fuie way , never J known to the ignorant and unlearned . Learning that J ftrong guard that defcndethaPrince againftthe deceit- ful incicementsorprofperity, power, honour, riches, and whatfoever el^e prepicl tares greatnefs, blindfolded in the Cme-im darknefs of ignorance)to an irrecover- able r O'.vnfall .• a P. incc ou^ht not to roeafure his hap- pincfs by thofe falie goods of Fortune , but by the true riches of his mind. GcrgUs being asked whether ^e did think the Pcrf^.aK King happy or not, anfwered, he did not know how vcrteous and learned he was, forfaidhc, there is nohappincls in thefc things that
ma^
Oda Imferialia 247
may be taken avviy. ^cad the Harmony of the Worlds lib, t.
Thirdly, Learning ftirrs up and excitates the rainde and love of a Prince to the reading of Books , wherein he may learn all things necdfull for him fell' or Sub/eds ; Theie dumb Mafters will praife him it he be worthy, or without fear, which the Prophet tells him thou art the man , they will finally (without blulhing) adrao- nifti him of thoic things his Courtiours either will not or dare not, the want of learning is the caafe that Princes rejed the counfel of their frien^sand contemn the power of their enemies ; ignorance caufed Camhtfes crueHj to murther the (on of Fraxa/pes his fervant , for his faithful counfel ; TjrAnous Dienyfttts, to check Plato for his loving advife. Read alfo our lde ran ft J,
Thcfe and the like phaUrifm examples oi Tyranny; prove that the knowledge of learning is neceffary for good Princes that thereby they become fo much better thatthey willingly embrace vrtue, and comes to the knowledge of themfelves. See the Idea of ly- rannj.
Fourthly, although by defcent,nobiIity of blood, and indulgence of Fortune^ Princes are eminent, yet to add a more (hining brightnefs to their external fplcndor, learning i$ neccffjry , T/z.a ^i^u^tsTaV/ maii'A± E^JIJ^ Learning is an honour to all men iaith Afenander^ many famous Princes both at home and a- broad have b then honoured for their greatnefs. See our Idea of Government,
Fifthly, Learning only brings with it laftfng and prince-worthy plealures, the reft are but deceitful momentary, Biiliff. to infnare them. They arc richly
Kr z named
248 Ocia Imferialia
nimcd (by Archttas) the moft dcftroying plagues infliAed upon men, AriffotU was wont to admonifc his 5cholers, not to look upon pleafures , at their coming, but in their going; fo in the one, faiii he, they (hew fair jn the other chey leave forrow and repentance*
On the contrary, the delights that arc begotten of learning and vertue^tre true joyes, perroamcnt plea- fures, the ornaments of youth, the Crown of age ; They adorn prosperity uphold adverficy at home, the beft Stewards abroad the beft Interpreters in peace, and of idlenefs ; in war the Marflials of Gamp?, in company the Minifters of difcourfe, a- lone private and true Councellors.
Noble AjfrtcAKus ufed oft to fa;^ that he ivas never lefs folitary then when folitary.
A prince of ^ri[?f«j being demanded what he did profit by Philofophy anfwered, that at all tiroes he could without offence conferre with hfmfelf, and in every difcourfe draw in conclufion confonant to reafon, befides laid he, the knowledge ofPhilofophy makes me love wife learned honcftmen, deteft flat- tering Parafites, and fools.
Sixthly, Learning adorns a Prince with curtefic, cle- mency, and meckneffe, the firrt begettcth infeperabJc love the fecond humane admiration, and the third di- vine applaufe ; the love of 5ub)(^s, is the v^all of Ktngdomes, mercy eftablifiieth the throne of a King, and mecknefs deifies him.
Seventhly, Incno{l dcfpcratedifeafes (by learning) a Ppnce findes matter of comfort, and prcfent help. Th 9 was the medicine «hat Marcus Tullius did, miniOcr to his friend; O l^Alhns faid he, if I could prefcribe medicine for our cquall griefi, I wouldt fuch as I can I will, Let the fludy of good letters
which
Ocia Wfcrialia. 349
which for our delight we have formerly embraced be now the comfort of our rniferies, and laft health; as they did advance our better fortunes, fo they \vill mittigare our prcfent forrows , cure our wounds and fo expell Melancholy paffions, that the forrows of humane miferie?, (hall have no further entry^ then to the gates of our weikeU fences^
5ince therefore humane milcries arc no leffe incident to Princes then poor men ; a Prince ought by learning to arm himfelf, agaiiift the violent batteries ofadverfe fortune, if Crtf//^j had perticipate, either in learning or ad vife which Selon in his flourifhing cftate, he had found more comfort thereby upon his Tragical Theatre, then in the millions of his golden trcafures^ Dio'^yftus (nothing inferiour to Cr^7«j in tyranny or prefumption , but fuperiors) by learning in his exilq being asked what he had learned by f /.ire, anfwered that by Philofophy, he had learned to undergo e- qually the cftate of a Prince, and Beggar.
Eightly, a learned Prince doth willingly incline to wifdora and vertue, he followeth the one and (hun- eth the other, not for fear, but for love of them- felves. The Cubicularies of the Perfian Kings were enjoined every morning to put their Mafter in mind ©f his Kingly office by thefe words, jirife O King and go abottt thy fublique affairs : A learned Prince needeth no fuch advertifement, before he goeth to bed, he premeditates the next dayes work, in his bed he confults upon that, and at his rifing he exe- cutes his fetled defigns, he is neither overcome, with forrow, fear, hope, joy, and other vulgar violent perturbations; but willingly follows thofe wholfome laws he doth enad for others* Anftot/e being de- manded what he had profited by Philofophysanfwcr-
K r 3 ed
2 50 Ocia Imperialia.
cd that he had learned to do thofc things willingly that others did for fear of the law*
Oderunt feccare honi virtut'is amore Odernnt peccare malt formtdine p^na.
Ninthly, Giving of anfwers , ufinq perfwafions, rcfolving ofqueftions, difcourfing of laws confer- irg of honors, defence of things propofed or done, are infepcrably annexed to the office of a King, un- to all which a Prince muft be by learning ioablcd, left he expofe himfelf to the cenfure of ignorance, or become the fubjeft of fmothered laughter, and future contempt. The words of Princes are ( like the Oracles of Jpollo) no fooncr fpoken but taken hold of by all men, therefore great care is to be talci^n, that his words , his orations , his anfwers and demandf, beconfonant to the dignity of a Princp, TiUte did pronounce that State happy, where i wile and learned King did raign, for faid he , learning is the only and cheif happinefle, and ignorance, the grcatefl ill; upon the firft depends all humane felicity, and^ upon the lafl aflured mikry.Arnflippus made choice rather to be a beggar then be unlearned, be- caufe by the one he wanted but exteinil and tem- porary riches, but by the other, he was dcftitutc of humanity, knowledge and endleffe wealth, ^ee my Holy Cfi/dfH Ettgliffjlh. I. chap* I.
Wherefore (to conclude this point) learning keeps Stites from returning to the former Chaos of con- fufion, it is the fame that enlightens the mind of a Prince, and being removed, government by diforder, turn? into tyranny, and is obfcurcd, with the dark Clouds of ignorance. Sec my Idfaoflj/nKny,
Chap.
Ocia Imfcrjalia. ^ 5 ^
CHAP. III.
Horc d Khjg ought to Moderate his Popper,
A Good Prince muft limit his power by his wii!> and his will by rcafon, i]uod Ubet licet ^ is the di[ifim of a Tyrant, whofe office is to givciaws, but take none ; Cd/iguU being admoniflied by his great Aunt Anthsny^ that he (hould m,ore wifely rule the reigns of his government ; did tell her, that his will was a law : 1 his licentious appetite is the poifoa that once drunk, makes Kings abufe their authority^ degenerates in all libidinous liberty, oppreffingthe mighty, and negieding the poor: On the contrary 9 good Prince hath (with Ulijfes) his ears ftopt from fuch inchanting fongs, that are pleafant to his flat- tering fycophants, but poifonable to the publique Weal. Anttgonius did feverely check one of his Cour- tiours , who did maintain that all things were jull and lawful for a King, not fo (by Jupiter) faid he onely to Tyrannous and barberous Kings, but to me nothing is lawful or juft, but that which is honeO. Princely authority is not given by God to be the fupplement of vice , neither the pidure of Tyranny, but to be the pattern and defence of vertue and jul^icc, the name of a Prince hath his original, as well by commanding his own impetuous affeftions, as in over ruling and going before his fubjeds. HincdiEit Princifes qnod PrtncipentHr cogltationibfis id efl omnss adfertttm pravomwimpetm con(inngent^ C^ a re^c agendo voc^ti reges ; t^tiod relU agenda
R r 4 rtgal
^5'^ Ocia Imperralia
regale ntmen ohtintrtt Amtttunt peccaxdo^
Kingly Authority is not only reftrained to things that are lawful, but of t-timcs many things that are lawful in private iubjeds arc not fo in a King; that ivhich is but errour in a private perfon is a vice (n a prince, who fo niuch as he exceeds ali others, in Authority , fo much more leverely ought he to take accompt of his own ways ; ne mtmHm ^udicas tHUm alios debere , hsnefie vitam agere^ regihns im* wodefle Vivendi re lt[};4 Ucema^ fd ea jjs temporafftfa^ ut exemplum re[te Vivendi conflituas^ compertum ham hens JnhditorHm mores frorfus ad fimiltttidinem Pnncifis ccmpofii.
The flourirtiing cftate, and modeft life of fub/ed?, i^an argumentof the care and wiidom of the Prince, when he aflerts nothing more then the good of his fubjeAs, neither any thing Icffe then tyrranous liber- ty, fuperfluous aboundance, wicked followers, flat- tering Courtiours, and blind-folded ignorance.
CHAP. IV.
By f^hat means a King may Jecure himfdf in
his Kingdome^ and obtain the love of his
fH^jeSs.
ASwifdom (whxh is the brightnefsof the cver- lafting light the undefiled mirrorof the Ma- Jcfty of God, and Image of his goodnclTe, is the fure groMnd of ibe (lately pillar of government ; So is the favour ofi'uhjcfts ths maiutainer of fo glorious
tuild'
OcJaJmferiaUa. 253
buildingj dUtgtte luf^^cn [aptenttiz is the watch -word gi- ven to Kings, and the Kingdome that governed by the vercue of a Prince, and love of his (ubjeds are moft quiet and firm; the moft undeniable bealh are tnade more eafily mild by gentle and familiar ufage, then by roughnels and ftripes, and the \ovq of fub- jeds (without which a i^rincc can never be fecure) is fo over conciliate, by the benevolence of a Prince, then by unbridled authority, and cruelcy.
Bitted are the mtek^ in hcnt^ for they PjaH pojfejfc the inheritance^' of tloe earth, and p.^all he delighted in the multitude of peace, was not written in vain, but for the inftruding of Kings, and eftablifliing of Kingdoraes, by the fruits of wifdom and not by the efieds of Phaiarifme : Civihus placere fiudfy hahet id mttltum grati£, was the worthy fentence of Btas ; if a Prince fliould dcfire to equal or exceed Cetrops in Nobility, PoUcrjjes inhappincfs, Craft4s in tiches, Xerxes in multitude of Armies, C^far in vidorics^ Pompejf in triumphs; no helps can fo avail him as the united and true love of his fubjed., being the impreg- nable ftrength, and never emptied treafure of a King, "i^on flc exctihicc non arcfimftantia pila qtiam tutator Amor: the Empire of a King over his Subjcds, is com- pared to a father over his (on, or Maftcr over his Scholer; he is no loving father that beats his fon for every flight fault, and no lefTe cruel mafter , that whips bis fcholler till the blood come, for the natii« ral defeds of his memory , or fight; and certainly many vigorous prefidents of punifhment, arc no lefs difgraceful to a King, then many burials to a Phyfitian, the more remifs a King Governs, he is more honoured, lovtd, and obeyed; no virtue be- comctb a prince better then Clemency, neither more
furely
2 54 Ocia. Imperialia.
farely bindeth the hearts of his people, what is more joyful to a King then to riign with the appluafe of all men; who dares imagine any harm againft that Prince that is meek and merciful, under whofe fiiel- tring wings, luOice, peace, fecurity, and honoursp flourifli and whoferich Cities abounds with all good things: a8 mecknefs and mercy cflablifhes the throne of a King, fo pride and cruelty overthrows the feat ofaTyrrant. ^edesdnraffi^erhorumdi^ruxit Dcus C^ federe fecit mttes pro e/>j faith Sohmon^ and in another place, the houfeofthe wicked (hall be overturned, but the tabernacles of the godly ftal! flourifli : let the (hort Raign and tragical end of Dionypus^ Cali- guUt Fite/lius, and many others , whofe tyrannous life haftencd their wi(hed(yec immature)death, confirm that no tyrant is of long continuance, that fuch are much deceived, that dreams ftabillity or Security to a prince without goodnefs, which being excluded, the Empire is turned into tyranny.
Exift^ma turn demtim te tato regnare cum vokntihtis fmperas quod enim invito ammo^ ehjtcitHr [edittenibHS fiuHfiat capta occapone^ quod ob malnm prefiattir ob^ feqMium^ r>on tmegrum fed fucatHm eft;
The Prince that wanrs the favour ofhis people hath loft his chief good, for certainly a Prince that is fearful to many, mull of neceflity be afflifted of many; for how can he be fccurewhom the greateft part of his fubj'eds wifti dead? Dionyjiusihe tyrant excrutiate with this fear, did make choice to fuffer pain of fingeing the hair of his beard with hot fire, rather then commit his confcious life to the hazard of a Bar- bers razor. 9A/exa?7der. Thareis never entred his Queens chamber, before diligent fearch was made, that no private weapon were bidden io that 3 yet
in
odd ^mperJaliit^ 255
*n the end by his wife was cruelly rourchercd , luch was the tyrannous lifv! and miferable end of thefe and thoulinds more ; but wc Chriftians learn our ksffons from our Maker, Mihl vindttia uidomea ifi ego retribuam, we mull think our fins are the juft caufe of our af ^idions, and that wicked Kings fofflc- times are given to punifli people, Vabo regis in fur o- re meo , faith the Lord ; but as God givcth thera for the punilhment of fin, fo muflGods people on- ly by repentance and amendment fubmit tbcrafelvcs to Gods pleafure, in whofe hands arc the hearts of Kings : it is not lawful for to think an evil thought againft a King , far lei's to touch or lay hands upon the Lords Annointe
GHAP. V.
of Nobility and what it is,
^Ubj'eifls are more eafiiy inclined to follow Antient *^ Nubility 3 therefore difcent from Piince by (lock & noble parent?, are the cheif means whereby a Prince attaineth to thcduerefpedl of neighbouring Princes, friends and i'ubjeds, yet hemu!t not rely upon the Nobility of his Anceflbrs, as it that could add any thing (except fcconded by his goodnefe ) to the digni- ty ofa Prince, for nobility is the Ad of time , and dy- cth with the father , if the Son be not a like vertuous, NdhlUtas cognatorttm non vnUt nifi fnerimus nos ip(l hfii, qiitdenimprodefl ei^cjuemjordidant mores generatio cUra ; wherefiy it doth appear that in nobility by defccnc (without vertue) is rather an imiginary and
vulgaj:
256 Ocia Iwperialia.
vulgar opinion, then real and true nobility , and that tlic Prince which is is indeed with vcrtue , i$ only %vorthy of fo heigh, a Title and no other.
Nam geHfis & pravos & que n§n fecmns ipfi Vtx eo noflra voco, "
It is a rediculous and oftenfivc hnmor to glory in thcvertue of others, and thefplenilor of Anceftors is thcgreatell ftain that can taint degenerating pofterity.
It is a cheif point to be wifely confidcred by a Prince, that the very name of nobility, impofetha ncccfiity of well-doing upon him , to this purpofe, Chrjfefiom flith well , llle clarus Hie [ublimis ille tunc integram nomita tern f nam patet^ qui dedig- ttaturferviere vitiis^& ah eis non vtiltfuperari^
Iphurates the fon of a Shoomakcr , preferred to Im - perial dignity, being upbraided by degenerate Hermo- dins, anfwercd, I am the beginner of my Nobility but thou the extinguifhcr; of thine. C^us Mactus did glory in the multitude of wounds he had recei- ved in the defence of his Country , and in ver- tuous Anions, not in the glorious monuments , or Images of his predeceflbrs.
As Juvenal did hang PiMus P/autus (who ufed to boaft himfelf defcendcd from the Noble fami- lies orDrufius)hy the nofc; fothofe proud glcfler- ing Thrafoues , yet like flataes , or good for no- thing, but to look upon , and talk of the powetful- ncfs , vertues, and richer of their Anceflbrs , are worthy to be laughed at*
Frontint4s gave charge before his death, that no Monument (hould be built for him , for faid he » If I have lived vcrtuoufly , my memory fliali not
perifh
Oct a Imferialia. 257
perifh , neicher needech monumenc of Gold> Mar- ble , or Brafs $ buc if I dye vicioufly I am worthy of none ; ihey (hall rather revive my infamy then abftrad my memory,
• True Nobility doth not defcend by Birth , mer- rit of others or imaginary opinion, buc isacqui. red by vertue , and well doing , Vera nohilitas non nafcendo cjueratHr fed vivendo \ veras nobilis non naf- cat fir fed fuit.
CHAP. VL
Antidotes agawji the foyfoning ef vaine-glory ^
and ambitious thoughts that intoxicates
the mindt of a King.
EArthly glory is a deceiveable pidurc, drawa with falfecoulors , blemifhed with every breath, is the work of fortune,blindly imported to the good & badjbut the true furvey of the condition of thegreateft Prince, and what he is> is a Divine work, and fuffici- ent to rcftrain a Prince from the dangerous paths of Pride and ambitious afpiringt
This examination ought firft to begin at the ferious confideration what he is in his conception, at his birthy in his life, and what he (hall be after his death^heis fas all men conccived)in the heat of luf^^ind filth of Sin; he is born naked , lefs able then many bafe creatures to help himfelf, or take food, he liveth not only ex* pofcd to humane difeafes, and worldly cares, where- to private men arc fobjed , but to many miferics
from
Q%8 odd ImperJalJA,
from which the vulgar are exempctd, after his death he muft relolve to yeild a ftrid account , and that according to the ufing of his Tallent , his reward (hall be , Read the Temple of fVifdome at Jarge.
Let a wife Prince coofidcr that all goodnds is the j^ood gift of God freely beftowed upon him for his own good , and weal of his Subjeds ; but eve- ry dilordered appetite difcrcpant from vercue , procec- deth froai the corruption of nature, and inclineth un- to Tyrannv. A Prince ought to think hisViccgercncy from God his greatefl: glory , that he is to exei- cife that but fur a (hart time, and although he be intituled to all fuch glorious Itiles as may exalt fuelling pride, yet whoknoweth, but to morrow he maybe where all Kings before him are; the food of Serpents, and worms ; all fleQi is but duftand afhes, and therefore hath no juft caufe to be proud , it is like the grafs of the fields, this day green and to morrow caft into the Oven : ]f a Prince h9d the Wifdome of Solomon , the beauty of Abfolom^ the itvtngxho^ Samforj , the long life o\ Ma hnfalem ^ aad the riches of Cr^fus ^ what fliail they availe liim , unlcfs by a vcrtuous /?aign in this (hort King- dome of cares, he fo dignifies him'cif that he may be intailed to an everiafting Kingdome of Joys.
Where be the m^ik glorious (liews of moft power- ful Monarchs^whofe pride buiided high aipiring Bdby' i9H^ whole ambition one world could not contain.
Where be thofe invinciable Empcrours that did over- rule the world? where be the multitude of Ho.Te ? the out landidi attire ? number of attendants ? leader-? of Troops ; and all other falfe pleasures , ihxz d'd acteni upon Tyranny ? are they not turned
into
Ocia Imperidia. 259
into Aftics, look into their Sepulchres, and dif- ccrn who was a King , who was a Subjca , who was rich, who was poor, findc out (if thou canft) the Conqueror from him that was conquered , the ftrong from the weak , the beautiful from the de- formed, or try fome caufe of humane Arrogancy; thou (halt finde pride , and ambition , neither a' mongftthe counlcls of the wife, nor bodies of the dead.
FaEitis es princess in terr^^ne ignores te or turn ex terra^ ex pulvere ad folnmoflendere ^ atqae in eandem pui* vtrem tandem defcendere necejfe eH;
CHAP. VIL
By what means a King may ohtain the favour of his Subje&s.
A Prince hath three gates to receive the favour of his people j and (hut out the envy of all men and the hatred of male- contented Subjeds. As you may read in the Holy Guide.
i^irfl, Becaufe Pride is hateful to all men. Secondly, A Trince (hall more eafily confiliate the love of his people, if (without great caufe)he doth not impose taxes and novations upon his Subjcds 5 the one taints him with avarice, the other with rafhnels ; the firft is liable to contempt , the fecond to danger, and feverely be attempted (although in matters 0^ capital abufe ) that all fufpition of bale avarice and unfetlcd facility may be removed, oft timss the very
Nobility
2 6o Oct a Imperialia
Nobility is more offcnfive to a 5tate, then the benefit profitable , a i'r incc muft tolerate fome things , that without great prejudice to the Gommon- wealth , and his Royal Dignity » may be fuffered, otherwaycs by piece-meal reform them.
It is recorded to the infamy of %jhohoam that he did leave the counfel of the Eiders , asking the advice of young men, and impoHng heavy burthens and exadions upon his people, he did lofe ten Tribes of his Kingdome.
Thirdly , if a Prince (lie^r himfelf affable , cxo- rable, not vindidivcand fevere, in the rigorous exe- cution of Laws, for every light offence, he fhall much oblige the favour , and obedience of his peo- ple, as impurity begetceth contempt of Law, lo fre- quent punifliment and feverity ingenerates a fenfe- lefs llupidity, carclefncfs , or contentious repug- nancy.
^Agajiclhs King of the LxeedemonUns did account that the chief fccurity of a Prince did confift in the government of his people , as fathers do chil- dren, a fentencc ( in few words) worthy of a great Prince, for certainly a King that sffeds favour and Hiuns envy, mOft think Pater PatrU amongfl: his 5ubjcfts , and Bo^ffs pater far»t /is amongfl hibDo- Jtteftick , are mofl: glorious 1 ides*
MircHs Anthomui the Empcrour, did lovingly name fome by father, fomc by brother, feme by Ion, according to their dignity and age.
This Princely familiarity made him be loved in his life time , and at his death condoled with the brinifli tears of his forrowful fubjcds*
CHAP.
Oda IMferJalia. 2 ^l
CHAP.VIIL
\vhat general Obfervations a King is to \eep in all his Aciiens.
THree Obfervations are neceffary for the right tempering of all the AAions of a Prince. Firft, That his defires be confonant torealon, theh which there is nothing iiiorf^ helpful to all Offi*:?:
Secondly, That a Prince wilely eiHmate the wt.ght of thr matter in hand , left more ct Icfs care be taken then is needful.
The third :s , That judicioufly he m'^deiaes thole things that belongeth to ctie digniry or indigfiity of affairs, neither coming (hort, or exceeding a Princely decorum.
There be alfo two rcfpcias of Plato to beob«^ ferved, the one is, that a Prince (forgetting his private benefit ) refer all his Anions to the Wcal^ publick.
The fecond , That he equally Manure the whole body of hisEmpires in the equal diftribution of Jufticej left by labouring to make Oiie part too fertile, he leave another part barren.
CHAP.
6^ Ocialmperialia
%'
CHAP. IX.
j/Vhofe Image, good attd had Kings rcfre^ fent^ arid by what Epithites they are known ^ their fever al Anions ^ and differences,
A good Kmg orPrince reprefents the Image of God whofe Vicegerent he is, as it is effential to God to be goodnefs it felf>to do good to all nien,to hurt none j fo a Prince drawn from the pidurc of his maker , ftudics to be profitable to all, & to incommodatc none: the nearer he conie> to his pattern fo much he partici- pates in the divine nature, he doth not (like the Woolf) prey upon his people, but cheriflicth and pro- tefts them ; he puniflies but feldome and then is unwil- lingly drawn to it ; and therefore fuch a Prince is juftly intituled by the name of a Father, Religious, meek, gen- tle,provident, ju(l, humane, magnanimous, free , li- beral; a contemner of Riches, condemning himlclf, over-ruhng hi. affections, of quick and found judge- ment J wife in counfcl > fober upright, firme, full of Authority, princely Ma jel^y, and induftry , a careful watch over his people, ready to do good, fl(>w to re- venge, iure, conftant, inclined to /ufticc, eafie to give acceifs , ccurtcous in fpeech , loving the obedient, making much of Souldiers, not affeding war, a lover, a procurer , t keeper of peace , ii need be can be both King and Captain ; finally he maketh wholfome Laves, is born to the good, livcth with the favour, and dicth with thp regret of all men. Read the %^fie C^HCian Axionata lib. g. Read the lea of the La^^Gc vernmcnt^arsd Tjr,innj^^
On
Ocia Wperxalia, 263
On the contrary if^y^ppelles (hould delineat a tyran- nous or wicked Prince, he could rot doit other ways then by the pattern of the Prince of darknefs,amon- itrcus mis-(hapen Creature, an armed: Dragon with .manycyes,rnore teeth,cvcry way fearfuljfliarp claws Jn fatiable bellied, cramcd with the intraiies of his people, drunk with humane blood , offenfi ve to all,but fpecialiy to good men > abufing his power, to the undoing of the Commonwealth. *yuch a Prince was Nero, fuch was Caligtih , fuch HeliejraOilus ^ and many others , whole birth and life was a plague to the World, their memory after death execrable to good men.
There is nothing then more like unto the Image of the Enemy to man then a wicked Prince , and there- fore juftly merries the Epithiteof a Tyrant > ungodly, cruel, favage, violent, AvaritiouSj a devourcrof his people, proud, difficil in giving accefs, uncourtcous , woful, tertible, a flave to lufls, intemperate, immo- dcft, inconfiderate,inhumane,uniufl:, light, inconftanr, incorrigib!e,concurae!i dus, the Author of war,difturber and hater of peace, a breaker of good Laws , born to be the TawherUyie-hkQ fcourge of the world, he raign- ech with the difcontent, and dieth with the applaufeof all good men.
A Prince by conferring the Annuals of good and bad Princesj may reap much fruit, (^omrarta ]uxtafepoJita maxime ehicefcant , hc (hall finde their diflimilicude | their divers Adion?^ and different qualitici.
A Prince in all his Adions advances and confirms the common good, preferrs it before his private re- ffKd, doth dothing but by good advice and fpccdy execution.
Phocion hearing the uncertain rumours of the death of AUxandsr^ was perlwaded by his Orators pre-
S a fenrly
7 64 Oda Imferhlia.
ftPtly to take Arms; flay faid he, if b^^ be dead this day fo willbebetomcrrow. This wife Prince did check the precipitate rafhncrs of bi^ Orat urs, and did rc- coroir.end mature deliberation to TrJnccs .
On the ccntrary, A tyrant regards altogether his* own ends 5 ncgleds he pubique good^ approves the deteftable 0«rh of Oliarchy , alwayrs mannages bis affairs after his private libidinous appetite. Read our Ftmdamtntnl Elements of ^Moral rhthfafh) and Policy,
Xerxes before bis expedition againft Grdi.cia ha- ving convened the Nobility of A[ia , uttered thcfe fpeeches, Ne viderermeo conpUioagrejfi^s^ coutr.ixi vos CAterttm mementotemthi parendftm magis quam ^Mdden- dtim* Read alfo our Idea of the Law,
Laftly, The difference between a good and bad Prince, is fuch as between a loving Father and rigo- rous Mailer, fhe one cfFcds the weal and health of bis children , rhc other the gain he makes by the ufe of his flave A Prince commandeth that which is profitable to the publique good, a Tyrant that which is pleafing to his private humours.
God is believed of all good men, and (except in a fi- lial fear' feared of none, but of the gwilty and wicked: yetever leaves place (if the oatientbe not paftcure) to amcndmcncand pardon. A tyrant is loved of no man, hated by^ood, and applauded by wicke Imcn: It is the glory of a King to follow Vertuc, of a Tyranrto imhrace Vic. •. A Tyrant dreams fecurity to himfelf by the flrongnefs of walls, and multitude of guards; A p-ince by the benificence and love of his Subeds : A Tyrant ' nvyeth (uch as f xccl in Wif- donie,ind learning, A Frincc honours them as helpers and friends
The
I
Oct a Imperialia, 2^5
The Office ot a Prince is to procure by his care* the quiet of his people; of a Tyrant by the unquiet' ing cf his Sub/c(S5, to care for his own eafe.
A prince lovcth to be followed with fuch, by whofe faithful advice he may be ca^ed in his great charge, a Tyrant delighteth either in ignorant, vitious, or flattering Attendants.
Finady the frame, the adions^ and qualities of a good PrincCvand Tyrant ^ are fo un)il(e, fo contrary, and different, as God and 5f //, white from black; and for to contrad all m one word, there is nothing under heaven given to nian more profitable then a godly and wife prince, nothing above hell more pernitiousthena Tyrant.
CHAP- X.
of flattery a?td difcommodities that cames to d KJf/g thereby.
"P Lattery a falfepraife of that which is not praife- •^ worthy, or a Imooth detrafling fr of goodne(8 : the wafhpiOi honey of an impudt-nt tongue, the bondage of the ears, and the feared friend- (hip o[a falfe heart.
A flatterer is rightly termed the mod croel of tame beads, the deceiver of fuch as truft hioi, the poifcn of truth, the maintainer of falf-coloi r d lie?, the Enemy of truth , plain dealing, and honcftv ;' he names vice vc^tne, and vertue vice, lechery true love, deceit policy; cruelty manhood, bale A- varice, good huiDaiid. y : if his patron be merry he
S f 3 laughs
2 66 Ocja Iwperialia
laughs, if fad, (with thcCrocodiIc)he weeps ifoffende^ wich a friend, he perlwades him never co be reconci" led, if h€ be a Mufician he loves mufick out of mea- fure^This Camelion can turn himfclf unto all colours, following the fortune of a Prince and not himfelf.
Pifttarchgivtswzrnin^ to Princes of the two- fold tuning of flatteries
Firft, They fain ignorance of all matters of mo- ment, whereof loyalty ihould oblige them either free- ly tojadmonifli, or lovingly advHe; but in frivilcus indifferent and light efcapcs, they fticw their care and officioufnefs. If a Cobweb be in a Prince his cham- ber, afpotupon his bote, a fault in his new fute of cloaths, or a wrong hair in his beard, or if a country fuftian doublet be fcen in the prefence, then keeps the flatterer a (lir, crycs out upon fervants, Taylors, 5hoe-makers, Barbers and Dore keepers.
ThehmsHs compared flatterers to Mountebancks or knaviih Empericks or Leaches, that for curing a lore in the foot, will cut the hair of the head , or pare the nails, fo flatterers never touch thcfc things, uhi^ they ought, and onely fcems bufie in matters perniti- CU8 or trivial
Secondly, The mind of man hath two parts rati- onal, and irrational 5 the one heavenly, and delights in goodncfs, the other earthy and brutilh, given to filthy pleafurcs ^ the flatterer never takes notice of the befi parts, but of the lecond. Thefc he cunningly foments until fuch time as the ufe of reafcn is quite cxtinguifhr. j^uguJline to this purpofe con^parcih a flatterer to fuch meat as neither nourifhcth the blood nor (Irengthneth the finews,but pafTcth down the belly, and ingcnders corrupt humours; foa flatterer adds nochin^to wifdom and vertue, but (lifsup rice: l^
Ocia Imperial ia. 267
a Prince be angry he bids him be revenged, it he be j'ealoDs, his flatccrer bids him beleive it, if he be covetous, he adNifeth him to poii his people.
Flattery i^ the fcft bed that makes Princes fleepia che fccuricy cf vice, it corrupts and infatuates their hearts, with coloured impofture and wrong judge- ment, withdraws them from thet^uc rule of reafon, and difccrning of truth.
When Alexander (\xi dronkennefs) had killed f//- tus his flatterer, Amxarchtts wss ready to tell him that C//V;^^ had jidly deferved his death: ^o long as Aiex(Hnder(G\\o\uQdihc vvhuirome advice of Philofo- phy, folong did vvifdorae moderate all his Adiun?, then he did throw Anftohulus ^ziitnn2, verfesinthc River Hid.?fpesy but when flattery had once whifp^r- ed in his ear, then pride, cruelty, ambition, and for- getfulnefs of humane frailty, did intrude thtmfelves in the places of his former vcrtues; then be was not a* fhamed to be called the i'on oi J ftpit^r ^k'nl his true hearted fervant , b^waile the want of Worlds to fa- tiate his afpiring mind, and forget that he was the fon of Philip of Mace don,
Xf ^A;f jf whofc armies Greti^ was to little too contain; trufting in flattery had anignomlnious&as irrecoverable overthrow at Thermepdusx one did tell him, the fea did groan under the heavy burden of his Navy ; an- other is was to be feared, left '(by cfcaps of the Enemy) he fhould iofe triumph of a glorious vidory. Amongfl: many thoufands one faithful Z)fOT/2r^f«/ vvas found ; this brave Courtiourdid tell him that his confufed multitude h^d more weight, then ftrengtb, wasili to be governed, and not to be trufted.
Alexjin^er Severtis did fo deteft flattery, that he
QAukithfirin^is a corrupt flatterer ,tobs fuffocated with
S f4 ~' fmoak
i68 Ocia Imperial/ a
fmoak, let him, faid he, that did fell fmoak, die by fmoak.
5ince then there is no fuch dangerous domeftick E-» tiemy as a flatterer, it copcernech a Prince nearly to diftinguirh fuch Sycophants from honcft men, not te account chofc true friends that praifeth all his adlions, but thole thiit giveth true judgement of them, that congratulates his vertueand condoles his vict.T^ htloxi" mas rr.altiit in U^idicinas redact quam affentando Dw 9jy[ir mala carminr Uudare^
a^gejUaus did tender thofe as his mod faithful fol- loWvYi that did moft freely admonifh him, and in token thereof at his death did recommend them to his fow.A'Cc^ta €05 c^m boncrum cor.fdiorum ei admonitum ejfe Volunt^ non cos cjhi aUul^ntHr.
Secondly, After the true n-^tice offuch attendants as by flittery infinuates themlelves in truH-, it is the glory of a Prince to difcountenance fuch fycophant?, and not to prefer them to places of credit; fo long as he feeds them fo long (hall they magni fie s libe- rality, and other princely vertues; but if he leave off, or be expofed to the leaft hazard of adverfe fortune, then (haiiflattcringEro^^^/ either proclaim his avarice, x)r vanifh like fmoak. But true friends are mod obfc- quiousinadverfitv, and willingly follow thofe whom joJ tune hath left.
Tarc^mntts the proud being in exile did ule often to fay, that he never did know his true friends from his flatterers, till he was not able either to reward the one or the other.
CHAP-
Ocia Imperialia, 269
CHAP. XI.
^te necejjity of a King his knovoledge of the ejiate of his Emfire^ and prcfence in admi- niflration of Jujiice 5 ej^ectally^ in matters that defervt^ CommifQration ^ or of great
weight.
THE Anticnt Hierogliphick difcnption of a Prince (painting a Seprcr with eyes) did myftically con- tain the moft neceflary pare of the oitice of a King, whofe quick. fighted eyes muR fee into the moft dark corner of his dominions: the Sun is the eye of the world, itgives light to ail, but (ecs not; The King is the eye ot his {ub/ed:s,gi ves light to them and ought to fee all, hemuftin matters cf weight fit in judgement, reform unprofitable laws, obferve Magiftrates and in- ferior officers, punifh corruption; with Eagles eyes pry into all his Courts, look into all offices, upon all officers Jeafl the golden clock reafons of the rich ovcrfway the innoccncy of the poor. Read our Holy-Gmde.
Homer didjuilly intitle a Prince Tiiuh'^ Kctrh-paflo" rem popfi/orufn ne [uhdtti a Deo optima waximo Jii;i cen" Creditt miferabthter a InptsrapacibHS dtV3rentur' qnod potifflmnm fiet fi Trhceps vlcarios [hos , conciliiarios^ ^rchigrammatas^ Argentario^ ^ ^nejiores^ Satrapas^ frnmentatores^pratores^ Tollenarios^procptratores^ jtidi- (:e$^omyies denique agYorum^prdtioriorHm^ urbinm ac Civi- tatum prafe^os in officio retirifterit , C^ a reUo jftfiitia tramite non pcrmiferit aberrare^ Ca]ns Furius Crefimus being accufed for praftice of witch-craft, in the mul- tiplying
270 Oda Imperjalia
tiplying the incrcafe of a licde field , anfwercd thus. Omnia injlrumeyifa mea, rufttca in forum ejfero venefi' ciamea qnerttes h gence, his pains, and continual prefencc, then which there is nothing more profitable for a Prii ce, in the difcharge of his royal office, neither for a fubj.d in the Augmentation of private benefit^ We do fii d it re- corded that many brave princes, havedifguileJ thfm- fclvesin private and coarfe cloathes, Turv-^yed their territories unknown, that more eafiiy they may at- tain to the knowledge and condition of their peo- plc^ their miny want?,opprefiions of officers, and com- plaints oF the people , that thereby the more fpeedy remedy might be prorided ; for this caufe a Prince muft underfia id that he is the clear eye of his peo- ple, and ought exadly to know the cftace of his Em- pire, wh.chhcmiy eafilv do by Geography, Hiftc- ry,and frequent progrefs in the feveral Provinces there- of; by the firft two> he fliall learn the cituations of the Country and Cities, their Cuftome?, lawes, and manners; by the laft he fhall fee what part thereof ftands in need of his prefent(upply; It is written to the great praifc of King Genan^ that he had many hands, more feet, and but one mind, by which he go- verned his people. 5ec our Idea of the Law,
Butbecaufc great Princes are oft-times fo implicate in the affairs of Eltate, as they cannot in their own perfon fooftbeprefent intbeadminiftrationof juftice, neither furvey the peccant honours of people , or officers, as they defire,oris requifite; for fupply where- of it IS commendable pollicy in a Prince, to make choice of fome either of his Court or Country, not given to avarice, or corruption, of whofe integrity, ley ity, and love to the publique good, he is well
aflured
i
Ocia Imfcrialia, 271
alTured; whom acall occafions^he (hall fecretly im- ploy both in Ciries and feveral places of his Kingdom, CO take true information of the remifsncfs or lirid- I nefs of government; in what cftate publique and pri- Vhte affairs remain, how the people are affeded to f obedience, and vertuous living; whether fudges, Ma- I giftrates, andOtTicers, areinclined to juftice, uprighc ' dealing, to the publique good, or to their private gain, and negled thereof : This Princely and dilligent fearch for the weal of i^ubjeds, is of great force to concilliatc thelovcof the good fubjeds towards th^irKing, to deter the bad from offending againft the laws, and to rertrain all luch co whom under a Prince the charge ofgovcrnment is committed, from julUce extortion and cppreffion ; this divine work will tend to the endlerfc praife of that King wbofe piercing fight caa look into the moft fecrct adionsot his iubjeds; that by the 5unfhine of reformation, thofe mifty clouds that darkens his people may be difperfed; but al- though this fecrec inquiry by others is praife wor- thy, and profitable; yet a Princes own perfon, io far as is poffiblc, is of much more confequence, as Liiy faith, KO'/i tarn jacili:er jfrccedunt quA occtilis qtsam quA occnlo domim prefente adminiftrafttur; li^am sd omKta negotia fl-.irimurrz habet momenti , yj PrtncefS m^gis flre>:His prefenF cuHtiis rebus interfit.
On the contrary a Prince can be liable to no great- er indignity nor contempt then by recity and fencelcfs ilupidity, neither fcclthefeabules (by which under the vail of his princely authority) the poor are op- preffed,the fweat,and oft-times the bloud of the mifer- ableand weakisexhaufted,thc pofrefiions,houres,fields, goods of widows and orphans ( by theie that in wickcdnefs and authority arc powerful) sre either
de-
271 Ocia Imperjalia
deceitfully purloyned, or violently bercafci The re- flraint of which abominable abufes^ harh by l;eathea- i(h Princes been ^o^3rrov^ly lookt into, that by their politick Laws, their Oi'ficers were enjoyned , yea com- pelled j to live upon Iu«:h miintenance as was allow- ed for them, to adminlicer equal Jufcice to all men, to burtnone, but concenrrd with their private means, ■neither fo much as atred the pofTJTicn of others, and being tainted with corruption, briberry, or preflion, were ieverally punifhed by the Annuals of fa- inousKingdoms,and many worthy Princes ; it >5 mani- nifcfc, that by the ftrid obfcrvation nr ca^^leisncg- led thereof, Kmgdomes have either flourifhed , or have been utterly ruinated. But amongfb others, I will illuftrate this point, by a fhort vie^ of the caufes of the large Dominions, long continuance, audfud- den overthrew oi th^ KomAn E^^pirc: %^niAKi f roster ocuLttiJfimAm in p'iblicas fttr [Hones intent'dKem A tciue cofifervatas inftitte leges ^[:tftfn:ijftmi ntf.te o-tmU duces Hbi(ji4f gentium celebratifpint^Re^ores ac domini tO' tins ferme ttrrarnm orbis fuernnt , tantiffcr d^m 'tifli- tUfihdtuWy atqtii cencQrdio. tr. im^eriojtio KcnemArcf^e- runt; at fojfuam ambit to ^ pmuhas^ lux'is^ ac pcctinU libido {^ua generis humani ce'-ttjIlmA pefies) i>:gruerttnt^ fiatimpr£porens Ulf*d trnpertum^ :rdtcLira d'.gnit.-'St atque gent IS Qmntbhs ft upends *?#. Ro, njA'ejias ad niht- Ipim redaliii corr'Mt , in memorabile cunBis mu^di gubernatoribus exemplf*m»
CHAP
Ocia Imperii I? a 27^
CHAP. XII.
To whom a King may, and ought fafelj to cemit piblickjitndions.
THere is no man fo cirelcfs that will commit the charge cf a Ship, or of his goods ( although of fmall vallue) to an ignrrart Steers- man or untririiy Fa5or; neither wife Piince that will commit the Go- vernmencof thcCommonweakh , the g©ods of his Cities>^nd Iivcj of his pr^ople^ro fuch whom H^/rfr cal- led devourer* of people, bur to fuch, who in integrity of life and knowledge, excclls others j theeledioncc fuffering of wicked Officers , makes a Prince liable to their faults; the cenfurc being nil one, whether errors be committed by himfelf or his Vicegerents; for a Pt ince muft not only anfwer to God , whofe ia- meuiate Lieucenanc he is , forhimfelf, but for fuch whom he deputes to any part of his charge.
Whcref re fince the good or bad cftate of the Com- monwealch depends , upon thefc choice Magiftrates, two confidcration^? arc worthy the obfcrvation of a Prince 5 in the promoting of Coiinfeilors, Judges, or other inferiour Magillrares and Officers.
Fi'-S that non: m^ke Merchandize, or by money ia- croach upon publick funfiions, that none wickedly hunt afcer them , but that they be conferred upon {uch whofe life is uncorrupt , and their knowledge fufficieic to difcharge their places, for certainly the love of J jftice and Commonwealth is the lead part of i\\-:. aim of fjch , who by money comes unto prcferoient; bat on the contrary , their chief defigns
are
odd JmperiaUa. 273
are builded upon the private gain and pillage of others by raifing fuch to Dignities, Magiliracy, Offices , a Prince wrongeth himfclf and others, himfelf in pro- moting luch as are not worthy , others in bearing thefe whole merrit deferves prefcrmcnc.
Avaritious Vefp a fia^ukd to pteferfuch blood-fuck- ing Officers as himfelf, and being by the Ipoylc of the people enriched^did cut off their heads ; but farr be it from a Chriftian Prince to immitate fuch a vin- ous and tyrannous prefident. Let him only wifely confidcr that Covetoulnefs i$ the root of all evils, and draws men headlong unto vrickcdnefs and mi- fery ; therefore it concemetb him nearly to look that his Counfel, Judges, and other publick Officers be not only free themlelves from difloyalty, bribery, or corruption , but their followeis, and attendants from the leafi: lufpition thereof,
yipoilo Pitbms {by Oracle) denounced the deiku- aion of Sparta thus. O sparta^^^id he , whofoe- ver is your King , Lady PecmU is Queen, therefore your deftrudion is at hand; this was a true Oracle from a falfe God , yet worthy of ob- fervation in the MoraU For it is to be feared that in this age there be few like unto EIeo?t^ who cntring in the Office of a Judge , did fhake ofl'all his friends and familiars , left by yeilding to their private fuits, he fhould err from the equal adminiftration of jHfticc#
Theofolis being asked, how a Prince might jufl-- Sy govern his people, anfwered by giving hisfriends no more liberty then isjuft, and by careful watch- ing that fubordinate Officers uprightly difcharged their places j as it is not fit (faidbeyfor a King (by feyerity) to alienate his friends, and familiars, fo it
is
274 ^^^^ Imferialia.
is not fufferable, that they fhould abufe this Prince, by favour, by opprefling of his people againft juliicc and reaion.
^>condiy, it is nccelTary for a Prince by leaving ^horcation?, to recomni-nd jufticc and uprightnefs to his Oiiicersj and fometimes by threacning , check the lealHufpition ofcoruption : ^r^^^/^wjufed often to exhcrt and admonifli his Dcpuries, that they {houid rather ftudy to Juftice, Fortitude, Tempe- rance, and other vertues, then to the infatiable de- fire of riches. Elams Domttan did not only fevcre- ly check fufpeded Judges, but did give way to all fuch as were wronged by them, to enter i^uite a- gainft them , inflidmg due punifhmcnt upon fuch as were found guilty. iAugtiftfis de/ar ^ oft- times did prefer his friends to dignity and places, but iuch as did anfwer hisexpedationin the admin- flration of juftice , and good exampFe. IpAfni»ondas hearing a poor man complain for want , did fend him with his Warrant to a rich Judge for a Talcnt,who did deliver irunto the beggar. This Judge coming toth6 Kin;^ demanded the reafon why he had fo charged him; anfwered, becaufe/aid the King,the man whom 1 fenc is poor and honeft,but thou art a Robber of the Com- monwealch. A notable prefident for a Prince to look unto, fuch as in Magiftracy, have indircdly increa- fed riches, for certainly no punifhment will (o curb fuch as are corrupted: as oftenrimes for example conferr their unlawful purchafe vpon (iich whom they have wronged , or upon the poor and inno- cent. Airianhs fmperator^ qttos }>aiiperes & iyjKQCttites vidu^ ^ptHre dttavh cilli irate d:tiios fumrno odio ha^ ifuit & ad panpertatemredegit. Read the Idea of the
CHAP
275 ^^'^ Imperialia,
CHAP. XIII.
A King ought willingly to give accefs and eaf to ihe complaints of the oprejjed^ affi&ed^ or p0or.
THe equal hearing of tfie caufes and complaints of i'ubjcds , Js the fure and impregnabJc Rock whereupon the love of people towards their King or Prince is,buUded ; Vprtghi judgement, imh Solo- won j efl^hlijhes the Throne of Kings j but he that r€gd>^ds not the crj of the poor , (hall cry a^^d not he he^itrd m the time of trouble. Saint Augufiine ad- vifeth Princes, to be eafie in giving of accefs, and tA/iliingly hear the complaints of all men. OrU- "vihs Aaguftus did fomctime fpend whole days, and p,reatcft part of the night , in the adminiflration of Juftice, Alexander Severm did dayly hear the caules and complaints of his people, & fevercly punifli fuch Magiftrates as were found guilty ofinjuftice. Im- feratcrem ftantem mori ofortet^hcc eft^tn catifis atidiendis Tihufque ccmfonendis flrenHPim et ere^Hm , ufcjue ad ex- tremam vita momentum ejfe ofortere* Mithrddtus King of PontHs^ did rainifter juftice in twenty one Languages to feveral people under his Empire ; as thoiC heathen people did much magnlfie thofe Princes that did give eafie accefs, willingly determine controverfics, and hear their complaints; lo did they contemptuoufly hate (uch whole intollerable pride , tyrannous aniwers, contain Lyons fayings, diffi>-il ac- cefs, was unworthy of the name of a King , amongfc
which
Ocia Imperialia, 2yy
which number was Demetrins who after two years at- tendance, did recurn the Athenian Ambafladours wearied with long (lory, without anfwer. this fame Demetrius at another time did publifti that upon a »c?rti^n day he would mildly and lovingly hear the complaints cf fuch as were grieved 5 at the affiixed time he did liberally receive all the petitions that were delivered to him ; put them in his pocket, but when every man did exped to have an anlwcr accor- to the quality of their demand, he did throw all their? petitions in the River Axis^ by which he did unri^^ht- ly exalpcratc and alienate the minds of his Subjeds ; A good Prince muH: not throw the complaints of his people into the River, neither in the fire, neither commit them ro covetous perfons whofc private gain is more dear unto them then the love of jufticc; but hear them himfelf, return them in feafon loving and Princely anfwers ; And if fometimc multiplici*> ty of affairs withdraw him, he muft be careful thac thofe whom he appoints to give anfwers, neither care- Icfly nor covetcufly esad upon his people,
Theobfcure life of the Per fta-^i Kings, and coramit- ingailthe affairs ofeftate to Counsellors and officers, was never approved of the wife, neither recorded but to their ignomie: Now to fhut up this point, it is the glory of a good Prince to imitate thofe famous Prirces,both Chriftian and l^athen^ thst in their own perfons have equally adminiftred juftice, giving eafie acceffe, loving and gentle anfwers, beating dowa the proud opprc(Iors,ttrengthcncd the weak and inno- cent , punifhed the wicked, rewarded the vertuons, have been careful that officers fliould faithfully dif- charge the trufl: committed to them; by this means a Prince (liall obliege the true affection of his fub jefts,
T t and
278 Ocia Imperialia
and (bun the prophetical cenfurc , againft infolent and unjuft Princes ; PupilU nartjttdicoftt, & caufn vi- du£ Hon innrreditHr ad illos*
CHAP. XIV.
OfLavps.
A King is Lex toquens^ fo the Law Is Tsjxmutuf^ .the rule whereby Prince and Subjeds, ought to fquare all their adions ; and therefore in the making oi Xaws ( which do appertain to Kings ) there be many cautions to be obfervedjthat they be juft and profitable.
Firft, That a Prince be in his own perfon, the live- ly anduncorrupt law ihining before his people, thati he ftudy rather to make wholfbm Laws for the Com mon good, then many, that his la ivs tafte not of cove* toufnefs, of the private gain of great ones , or op prcflion of the poor, but that they ail be referred toj the publick good. It is rcmembred to the infamy of Dionyfius that he made Laws rather to enfnare his peo- ple then to reform them.
Epitades (hjiving a private intention to dif- inherit bis (on) made a Law, that fathers at their pleafure might confer their eftates, upon iuch whom they bed aff.rted.
Seconfily, Great care is to be had, in the due exe- cution ofgood Laws ; that they be neither pcrverfly wrcfledj over-ftriAly or remifly executed; the firft
is
C'^ia Imperial! a, 27a
is to bcTSidTv loohed into by a Prince, left Ihc corruocion • f crfic rs(by fslfe glolTes; pervert good infticuriont; fevtrity muft be moderated as occafion (hall lequiie, fci lOroetitnr., Summum fus^ is fumma >* injuria : otlicr times, ili a laws muft have i heir full force, for too retBii;; relu .ation v' iaws, begctteth contempt, and realelefs rtupidity in urtcnciers*
Laftly, The equal obfervacjon of Laws, is ferioufly to be locked unto by a Prince , left the mighty and powerful offenders efcape, and only the weak and poor be puniflicd- This error was the complaint of old C4to^Sio\c2i\D;oge/iesy wife o/f^acharjts ^ and msL* ny others, who preferred the love of their Country before the flattery of Princes, the threatning of great- nefs, or other refpeft ; all which did well know that it is the height of injuftice not to rainifter it equally: Coniingit enim fapenutJ/ero , ut qni parva tollunt, de^ frehenfi fefiday^f'^ mAgnornm amem rapt ores ^ am ffUff didiy depecnlatores {fn^iis argento viis) evadant.
CHAP. XV.
Of the Wife managing of d King his fecrei affairs^ and rchxt judicioH^ Vciricy is to be ufed i» making choice of helps.
A^Reat Alexaider having received a letter frooa ^^his mother 0/7 w;)/.t/, coauining matters of f^are, giving it to his Secretary to -ead, did touch his mouth With his Signet commanding thereby Secrcfie to
T t % bioJi
28o Octa Jmyenalia,
him ; for truly there is nothing more ridiculous not prejudicial to great affairs then immature di(covery,by which a Prince is admonifiied to admit not of fuf- peftcd or knownlightnefstothe managing of private matters of importance. "
Cdci^itts Metelifis, being asked of a yoong maa what he did mean co do, anfwered, If I did know my fliirt were privy to my intention I (hould throw it in the fire, he did well know that fccrcfie is the bed: and moft fure bond of government, and that it is a chief vertue in a Prince. Dens apad vettres piftgebatur d t git 0 admotoori^ file ntifimjudicans^ qualii& afud Rff- maf^os dea Angeroncf^
Sccrefie is tbe moft heigh and difficil humane adion, and therefore as princes are to inipart matters of im- portance only to fuch of whofe fecrefie and loyalty they are fecured; fo ought a good fubjed not nar rowly to prie, or curtoufly fearch into Prir.ccs fe- crcts.f^.^'p/W^-f the familiar of King Lyfimachui being demanded by hisSoveraign, whac benefit he dcfired to beconferred upon him; I rcful'e nothing, O King faid hcjonlyimpart no fecret unto mc.fmplying by his anfwcr how difficil it is to keep cotmfel and how dangerouj to reveal the fecrets of a King.
yicatmim mqtie t'j [crntaberls ullius nnqnamy CotTimiffim-'f, teg^s^c^ vinq,^ tcrttiSy & ir
Ah'gTifltif Cdfir caufed the bones of Thalia. (who had opened a letter commited to his truft) to b broken to the terror of fuch untrufty attendants o Fiinces.
Wherefore it is a commendable pollicy in a Princ to make wile choice of fuch whcra he imploys inpri
vatt
Oc7a Imperjalia , 2 d I
vate matters of weighr, for as God the Monarch o* the World makes ofe both of the good and bad, to the profit oF his Church ; fo a great Prince fomtiaiQS makes choice of wicked Sub cds, not by them to com. fBiit wickednefs, but to punifti the wicked .• This is the rule by which r^/7///7 of Macedon perfwadcd his Son ^AUxander to conciliate both good and bad Subjeds , to make ufe of the good, and to abufc the bad.
For this caufc a Prince muft fometimes , for the puniftiment of wicked Subjeds, and good ends, fuf- fer perfidious and treacherous perfons about him* Rhimitaies who had made defedion from being at the table with Augtifins Cafar , did fomewhat infolently boaft himfelf of his treacherous Icrvice, thereby challenging C^fars thankfulnefs ; AugHJlus(di% not hearing him) did utter thefe words to one fcf his familiars, prodntsftem amo^ proditores non. Undo qm fignijicabdt his qni %^iptib. JHA. prodi' tione vel maltgmtAte ^rofuerw^f nihil deheri graiU ; licet enim officiufn quod pr^ftiterint pro tempore gra^ tnmjity tpfi tamen haheridi pre nehHlonibus i where-' by it is manifeft that although a King or Prince de- left treacherous and wicked Tbllowers, and ofr«times in end thiuft them in the fire, yet are they neceffaf y Inilrumcnts or fcourges , that Kings and Princes fometimes have occafion to ufe foe the affeding of good and commendable purpofcs ; in which Eledion, and many other politick Stratagems of Govermenr, a King or Prince muft wifely difl.mble , and fecrctly cover many matters of great weight , according td A^ricola,

£lui regnare v&lunty mhUIs dormire, figaci MfiltaqHs conftlio diffimnUre foUm,
Tt 3 HAmild
a 8 2 Oda ImperJaU a.
Hannibal being determined ro befiege S^^gunts^ % cheifCicy in S^ain^ did bring hi^ Army againft a-' fiother Village , left his intention againft Sagums' ihould be difcovercd : another time the r?mc Han- nibal to make his enemy Fahius Maximns then , Bidator fufpicious to the J'eri.te , did fpare a field of corne that did belong to his Enemy Fabitis Max* imtis. This cunningly cloathed praftife might have foraewhat prevailed, if the piety of Fabtus and po- licy of Hannibal had not been well known to the Romans,
The provident and polirkk forefight of a wife King or Prince is no lefs known in matters of no' danger , then in greateft extremities , as by the wile u\{^tt o^ Iphicrates doth appear, v ho having his Army furcly encamped in rhe fields of his friends, did himfeif no iefs carefully digg m the trenches, then if the enemy had been ready to give the at- fault; and be*n^ asked what he Jid fear, snfwered, I did not expe:Huch an acridCi;': did not become a great Prince, and therefore he did prevent the worft that might befall.
Sometimes a Ki:ig or Prince, is compelled to ♦wink at Capital Offences , and treafonable pradices , bccRufe wifdcvnc advifeih him rather wifely todif- iemble, then violently ki an unfit time bewray hi$ joftly conceived difpleafure.
AUrciis Marcellpis^ hearing that fome of hisCoun-' fel of 'Hsta had private intelligence with his Enemy Hannibal, did fe^retly diflfembic his knowledge, un- til fiach time as Hannibal was pad hope of betraying of NotA ^ then did he inclofe his gates, firengthen hi? guards, and call the Confpira.ors (that had formerly pradifed with the Enemy,) to an ac- foant* Laftly
OcJa If/iperialja. 283
Laftly, Ic is a cheif policy in a Stzit to have good incclljgcnce of the affaires of other Princes, but fpecially of chofe of whofc fricndfliip they are leaft fecuredj foroc to this ufcjas by Ambaffadors, Mer- chants.and private Tradefmen, and banifhed, have come to the knowledge of matters of great weight.
Jht C arth^gwians hearing that the great power of Alexander might endanger ther eflatcs , did fend a Citizen of courage, as baniflied , to intreat the pro- Itdiion o( A(exaKdsr^ who being retained, diddif- cover his intention to hif Country ; Thefe and foch like be the poHcies of wife Kings and Princes , which otherwife then falleth out, no man can reduce to any difinite number, but fince it is,^i wdtiftrittm virum & egr^giam artipciem iffgemoja w^numenta^ & of era nohilia declarant ita generofa fnctmra & frolatafafi^ fntU fpecimina nohis vere nobilem priftcifis am^ mum*
CHAP. XVI.
of the generons mind of a King.
Although Solomon faith, thatC fcrutabile fiCHt altitudo Cali^ 0* hicomprehenftlfile ficut profmditas terra : Yet there be many eminent fignes whereby the generous mind of a Prince, may in fome fort be known > fome whereof I do recom- mend to the diligent obfervacion of a Prince,
Firft , The cheif and fure foundation of this gene- rous mindc of a Prince , is builded upon the fear of his
T c 4 maker
Ocia Imferialia.
maker, with Solomon ht is earned with God that his chejf wifdom raay be in his obedience, his delight in his comoiandemcnts, his care in the governing of his people accordiog to wifdotnc and Jullice in his own rme, and that by GodhnciTe, and learning, his po« , flerity may be worthy to fee in the chair of On-
Secondly, The mind of a generous Prince, is not ^ capable of bafc and fordid adions, but is delii^hted in high and rare defignes ; as the flames of fire whofc rature is to afrcnd, cannot bs dcpreffed ; fo the whole msnd of a Prince, the more noble the more inclined ti- Princely and hcroick aftion, ever contemning thofe things which the bafc vulgar holds moft dear.
Thirdly, A true noble Prince, is ravifhed with a fa- therly love of his f'.ibjeds, affefting the love and not the fear of his people , his care is to be approved cFthe good : fuch he prefers, fuch are his familiars, fncli his counfellours, fuch are always about him ; flattering fycophants he cannot indure , he is never Tyiant-likc cruel nor given to anger, nochin,^ offends him nore then the fpoil ofunjuft officers, or corrupt Judges.
n^efcennlus impemtor coftpll.triis [uis tte vet ali^fiam eaerayidi pauperes occaponem h.ib.'^rent^addidit fcelUrta^di" (ens jadicem ac officiarinm nee d^re dehre, nee accifere.
Fourthly^ The mind of a good Prince fuffers not good men balely to proftrate hemfelves or fervilely demand jufticeof him, bat will«ngly intlineth himfelf to them, f»iving accede and hearing. A'lllirpHS bem^ reproved by hb friend, for lying fo loi}g attLe feet of the ty* rant DionyftHs ^ anfwtitd, 1 am not in the fault,
buc
Oc7:t Ir//perialia. -28 5
but Dto>ijfiui that hath cars in iih Fecc.
On the contrary, ( Bccaule too much famih'ariry be- getceth contempt) a Wife Prince doth not ra(hly admit men of lufped faith, or corrupt life, to his •prefencc.
Fifthly, True nobility ipringsth from true vertue, and the mind of a true good Irince, is prone and gi- ven to v.;rcuc, honcft adions, and to the works of liaht ; as charity, peace, meeknefs, goodncfs, and temperance; defpifeth the works of darkncffe; is luft driinkennefs gluitony, cruelty, adultery, and all fuch vices to which vulgar and bafe mirds are addided. Sixthly, The mind of an illuftrious Prince wearied with the incedant cares of governffient, is rcfreftied and deiiphted in pleafant and fliort, not m unlawful and prophanetexerfife, gaming, or tedious difcourfe. Thiloximtis him^ at fuppcr with T>ionjf\Hs feeing a great Carp fet befor? the King, and a little one before him, did put the little fifli to his ear, whereof the King asked the caufe, he anfwercd I do ask this little fidi certain queflions which by reafon of her young years (he cannot relolve, but ia-th that her great grandmother, which is in your Mafefties di(h can tell me; by which Fhiloximus did mini(ler mat- ter of laughter to the King, and fu-nifli hisowndifli with th^ great Q^x^^ C homines did check one that uprn a light fubjed, did hold a Cong di*?ourfe it is not fit fa d he that fuch i (hort tale (hould have fo long Proem.
Diop:-€s hearing a wel favoured young man talk with lef>mod.*(ly then did become him, art thou not tdia-
fan Ivory
iTeventhly
med faid he to pall out a leaden fword out of an Ivorv (heath. '
i 8 6 odd Imperialia*
Seventhly, Mediocrity betwixt extreams is a Princely vertue (for whatloever approacheth neareft to the mean is beft) the mind of a generous Prince is whoiiy inclined to fliun vices, to follow vertue; he is ?neek and merciful, but fo as by his lenity he nouiifli noc the vices ,of his people; Icvere, not inclined to tyranny, be lo reprefieth injuries, that he terrifies others from oflFering them, Chthn of Lacedemon advifeth Princes lo to moderate their aflions, that they be neither fear- ful to their inferiors, nor contemned of their equalls, the one favours of Tyranny, theother of Puiilaninjity. A good Prince is neither covetous nur prodigal, buc truly liberal.
BeneficemA & Veritas cnflodiunt Regem^ & fnlcitur thronus e]Hs beneficentiA , but bafe avarice is rightly ter'med the Uvi^^ivtom or chief of evils, and mofl ^iftant from a generous mind ; It was written upon the Tombeof Queen Semarims^QHifcjuis Rexfecuntis eguertt operto monurKento cjuantfim vohitrit capat^ Cove- tous D^riui having gotten the City did exped great ftore of riches, caufed the monument t^ be opened, where he did find nothing but this infuinginfcripcion upon the otherfide of the ftone,iV/ vtrmnltis ejfes & pe^ cunidt tnexphbtlisy hand mortwiytint IochIos moveres. A caveat for Princes not curioufly to fearch, neither affed periling riches.
Sordidior dives Solomonis hahetur afelltis £lm vitap/agas^gaudia morte refert
Verb era ryjultn capit dorfo, dumfpirat afellns^ ExtinUi pubes tympana pelkfacit:
Nill habet ex opib/is^mficfiras dives avar US, JffiHs eft hertzsfdenore Utus abit.
The
Qria Imperially 287
The h.gh mind of a Wiie Pruicc is delfghtcd in Jibcralliry,ever fhunningfuperiluous prodigallicy^right- \y compared by Dloq^engs co the fiint of trees that grow upon h gb rocks., which arc nor profitablt; to man, but crows and vultures : fo laid he, the riches of a Prince that are prod igaliyprcfu fed upon dice,card8, unlawful gaming, whoring, of conferred upon Para- lues flTtterers, and unworthy perfon?, is the fuel of vice, and not the reward of vertue.
Item^ The mind of a generous Prince is not trou- bled with the unfectled refolutions of puiilianimity, cr raflinefs, but itisat all times armed with t.ue forti- tude, ready at all occafions ^if the good of his ^ub- )eds fo require, to expof: his life) to moft eminent dang'^r'', or death it felf; his mind is neither pufr op in profperity neither dejfdcd inadvtifiry, hisMajeftical countenance is all one at home or abroad. Mttellus being baniOicd into Afia fitting in the Theatre, re- ceiving letters that he was reftorcd to his kingdome, did neither alter his gravity,or reveal fuch glad news to thole friends that did i\t neareift unto him; by which Kingly gefturc he did declare to be a true Prince, nei- ther deprefled with adverfe fortunes, nor exalted with new preferment to h.s former dignity.
%el?ffs advsrjis antmoffts atque Fortis appaye^fapienter idem Coiitrahes 'vento mmii^m fee undfi, Turgida vela.
A Magnanimous Prince is not given to fuperfluoui banqueting, drunkenneffe, or to the abule of Gods good creatures, nciciler to Hcraiit-iike uncharity, but
lawfully
288 OcJalmperialia
lawfully in robriety,may fealt with his Sub/eds, or call them to his tabic* Bentgi ten a ch]hs Princtpes vefcun-' tftr in temfore [ho ad reflctendttm^ y^on ad Itixiriam*
A good Prince truly lovcth fuch who are of upright heart, conftant and true according to Solomon PUce^ snt regihtit Ubia't4fta^& viraces diligHntur.
The true friendibip of Damon and Pythias was fo pleafant to Dionyfiuf ("although a tyrant) that he not onely pardoned the offence of the one, but in admira- tion of their faith, intreated to be admitted into their fricodfliip.
The generous mind oft Prince is born to peace, lo- vcth concord, and detetts tyrannous war?, and ifne- ccffity urge him he taketh Arois unwillingly rather for the defence of bimfelf and his fubje^s then for en- larging of his Kingdomes by tyranny and ftrong hand: nodefeds of tyranny raigns intheraind of a true no- ble Prince, neither doth he ever repudiate his true friends, but is defirous to be beloved of all men,, and fearful to no good man.
A poor man exhibitin giiftm Cdtfar, was by him thus checked , or rather comforted .* An putes te ajfem d^tre, elephants}
Alexander dctmnding of Vi9gines whether he did fear him or not, anfwered, Whether art thou a goodor bad Prince? Good faid Alexander] then (^id he/icar theenot,becaufe noman fearetha good Prince.
Laftly the heroical mind of a Prince is fo great, that it can hardly be removed to anger or violent pafHons; this Princely patience was fo eminent in Augnftus Qa- far, that he could abide the biting jefls of his meaneft iubjefts.
Ag4^
Ocialr/tferialia. 289
Agathocles figulo fatreyiatiufmt^ id rex declaratpffg ^Hm obfideret Mrbew qnandam qutbtffdam e muro convl' tils in ipffim jacfilarJtihns dicenfcjHe fignlsy ttnde militihui tuu ferjolves ftifendiumf tile plactdus, ac ridens^re^pan* dtt^cum h^tnc cepere:at cum urbe potitus ejfet^vsnderetquc captivaSy St me inquit , dentio convhils, affeceritis^ dpud heros veflros de vohis coKquerar; non homines $ccidtt^ fed civiliter illU exprobavit & intempe/ftvam maledicentiam & fervitmem maledkentu pr^mnm*
CHAP. xvir.
of Jufiice.
Illftice, which is the helm of Government, the hap- pinefs of Kings and People , is by God enjoyncd un- co Kings and Princes, and hath (by all good Kings ^ been carefully obfervcd , and recommended to their fucceeding pofterity. From Juftice arifeth Religion, Godiinefs, Peace, Truth, Innocencie, true Friend(hip, and other rich treafures of goodnefsj :c is the main- tainer and upholder of all well-governed Common- wealths, Cities, and Families, the equal adminiftration whereof Is a moft Divine- like and Princely work.
In the exercife of this Kingly Office, a King mud (hew himfelf noble, wife, grave, fevere, inexorable over the wicked, powerful, and full of Majeftie.
Marcus did petition unto King Anti^onns , his brother, that his Caufc depending before him, might be privately ordered ; not fo brother , anfwered Ami^ ^onHSy if your Caufebebad, you did not well to try it by Law ; if it be good, wherefore defire you I ftioald
pri-
^90 Oda imperial} a
privately give judgmenr. Agt6 Kin£| pf the L.^cedemo- Titans in a matter of injuflice refufcd hs own father ; for faW he, fo long as I was your private fon, I had no charge of Juftice, but fince I am by you preferred to the Commonweaith, and fworn to do Juftice, I will rather obey your command without fhipwrack of my confcience , then confcnt to your unreafonable de- mand.
As this equal ballance of juflicc is to be carefully pre- fervcd by a King or Prince in his own perfon^ fo mufl: he with the like or ("if poffible^ greater care commend the fame to inferiour Judges and Magirtrates, upon no lels pain then privnion of his favour,and fcvere punifh- ment : and if fomecimes any be found corrupted , let exemplary juftice terrific others from fuch fcandalous prcfidents.
Finally, Let a King fo determine all Caufcs under his cenfure and jarifdiftion, as he doth look fhortly to be judged by that fupream Judge whofe Lieutenant he is ; let fubordinate Judges and Mapftratcs fo adminifter jaftice, and over-rule others, as they ma^^ anfwer both their heavenly and earthly mailer, affuring thcmfclves that there is, ukus jadex, umim tribHr.^lincerrupnm; ante illud ftabHf2t mortaies, e.tinfelLi cjwfq'^e fedct qui jadicat^ ubi fiin'ti'ile j-fdicahitur^ rcc fectirt^i mc g'^atia^ ftec falfi tefiesy necfreces tndign^^nec inar,es mi>7 defaiifroderunt pairom.
CHAP.
Ocja Jmperialid. 291
CHAP, xviir.
Of the Liberality of a King.
•
PHilip oi M4cedonbtmg advifed to punifii Nicanor who had unjuftly depraved him, did anfwer, iVJ- ca-/2or nen efl MacedonHm pejftmtts'y viAendptm efi igitnr nee ubimscejijamus in offiao; this wife King knowing him to be poor and that he had negleded him, coni- manded a gift to bcfent to him; fomc five days af- ter Nicanor had received it, it was told to Philip that MV*iw:^r did much magnify him; you fee faid he that it is in the power of Kings to be wellorill fpokenof. This kingly magnificence and true liberality doth not only concilliacc the hearts of fubjeds to their King, but makcth (in feme fort^ bis face (hinc with the good- ncfs of his Maker, for as God is bountiful to all men, needeth nor rcquireth no recompence, fo a true no- ble and heroick Prince in the diflribution of his goods without refpedofprofic or gain, imitates the fupream and eternal King.- of^cium itberalitAtis efi omnipeteKti d4re\ deos imitare d^ndo etiam ingratis, faith Stnecay A good King ufeth his Subjcfts as a good Ihepheard his (hei^p; he feedcth his people upon the green and whoKome paftures of magnificence and liberality, doth not covetoufly fuffer them to wander in the barren wildernefs of poverty, neither to be torn with thorny exadions. Crafus did tell true noble Cyrus that if he had not exceeded in liberality, he might have had great ftoreofgold: how many talents anfwered C;r/! eft thou Cm/«/, I might have had if I had not been liberal? lo many, faid Cr
fee
292 Ocia Imp eri alia.
fee I have greater ftorc of riches then you fay I might havfc had; then did he call his Secretary Hi- dafpd commanding him to write to his friends that he wanted money, and that they fliould write to him what they would feverally advance, which (after re-' turn of thcanfwers)by trueiupportation far exceeding ihofe fums Cvd^jus did fpeak of, O Crafus faid ijrus you fee 1 do not want money; for lb long as by libe- rality 1 do begec fri:nds,my treafures are more fure then digged in the ear^h.
Thisworchy Prince did wifc'y e«^ end thatearthly tiches arc unCvrtain, not permanent, every day perifh» ing, temporary, andtrsnsfeired d;iily 'rem one to ano- ther gotten with are, .uid k-tt with forrowj but muni- ficence and liheraiitv are firni, permanent, and perpe- tual, purehait by verrue, left wirh joy , and record- ed upon the rabies of inobliceiable vcrtue. The due confidcration whereof wiH make liberal Vefyafian , bewail the day wherein he hach not bfftowed fomc benefit. Alex.^nder Severns did invite the indigent to be beholding to him.
Liberality not only unites fub'jedstothe love of a Prince in faiihfulnefs and obedience; but ofc-times fliekers many other enormities and dcfeds m Prin- ces.
In liberality a Prince ought to examine his eflate and dignity, Icflhe either gives more then he may, orUffcthenhe lliould ; for feeing vertue confifleth in mediocricv, there is fault in the exercife of either extrcrm, and therefore dives circumflances are cauti- oufly ro be obfervedias the reafons wherefore it isgiven^ the perfons to whom, the time ai»d place: The firft circumrtance is to be mealured by abiltty, left he R^ake a whore of the moft pure virgin liberality, he
mult
Ocia Imperials a. 293
muft not give coo much, (eft bewailing the Channel h^ cmptie the Spring- The caufcs of liberality may b€ comprehended under charity, or merit ; a Prince oughC to extend his liberality chiefly tow ards the good and vtrtuous, and if fomecimes to the vicious and wicked, it is in hope of chcir amendment, or incommifcracion of their wants, and not to add matter to their infolcnt life. The confideration cf time confiftcth in the fit o- portunity thereof , not keeping Suitors in fufpence, Nam qui ciio dat bts dtt^ faith Seneca^ Timely liberali- ty rhewcih a free and true noble willingnefs, and delays difcovereth arefradorie confcnt, andlofeth the gifc and thankfulnefs of the acceptanc
Si bene quid facias^ facias cito ; nam cito fa^nm (^ratum eritiingratum gratia tarda facir^
Gratis qudi tarda, Cftm fieri properat^gratia grata magi^.
The place of giving is rather to be private then pub- like, for true liberality cannot abide pharifiical (hews and oftentation : the pattern of liberality (who never did refiife any that in true hith did ask) did command not to fufFjr the left hand to know what the right hand did, iniiouating thereby that goodnels, munificence, and charity, doth nor participate with hypotriiie, hope of gain, and glo ious lliews.
Laftly, The beneficence of a King or Prince mufl beof his own goods, not unjuflly taken from one and conferred upon another , whereby the hate of the wronged fhall exceed the love of thofe upon whom benefits are conferred. In the end, Demofths-nes fully (in few words) fetteth down true liberality and Ty- rant'like pirodigality. Liberalit.Htis efterogare pecmias
V u in
20^ Octa imfertaua
in Undal^ili^i & largitio ad hoKeftosffiiwftm faciendos^ effe ad auxiltum in adverfafortHna^(^ non accipere unde Kofi oportet^ nam ItherdttAS tyrannorHm nihil aliud efi qnam tranflatio vecnniarum jnflu dominis ad aliems, cc^* mitatttr amem liber alitatem morumfdcilitM^ comttus & , hnma.mt'U^ & ep mifericordiem , & ergA amicos hcjue^ volpitn & hoffuaUm, & hone fit fiudio/um.
CHAP. XIX,
Vponvphom EccleftaftjcalFtmBions by a Kwgarc to he conferred.
A S Plato did think no man fit for Government •^ but fucb who did unwillingly undergo the hc2- vie burthen of a Diadem , fo a Prince ought to prcftr none to Ecclefiaftical funftions but honell, godly and learned men, whofc meric (rather then defire of digni- ty) challengeth futh place, who do not ambitioufly (by fimonie.thruft themlclvesinthe Lords harveft/ecking their own gain and not Gods glory.
There be three infeperable companions of all well- governed Eftates, whereupon dependeth their fole fe- licity. The fit ft is the right education of youth , the fccond upright and juftMagiftrates, the third religious and holy Paftors ; without the firft, the fecond and third cannot (ubfi^ ; and without the laft, the firft and fecond are without effcd ; for without religion, learn- ing and fuOice are uprofitable ; for this caufe a Prince muft carefully provide that the care of the fouls of his people be not couimitttd to wicked or ignorant Pa- fiors, (^iiH[*ift*ntrm2
Ociii tmperialia. 295
^eccMortim ^arttci^es fiptnt , qui miniflcria quod aiunt ^onantibus afinis ctiram animATumcredideTKnt^ nut in* eptos homines excmf.arU p[iicrMnT.
Chuich-beneficcs ought not raftily to be conferred *upon every one, hue upon fuch who in good works, found dodrine, integrity, gravity, and unreprovab'e life, are worthy of fo high a calling. Good King ^tf- hofopbat is a pattern for a Prince in making choice, and preferring men learned and holy , for none can preach except they be fenr, and none are fcnr, that by fymonie, pride, and other indired means intrude thcmfelves in the houfe of the Lord. Pnnceps mprtmii eos [ufpeHos habitat qfiife Kegotiis mg^ermt ambitioft^qniftat qudrunt^ non qtiA Dei fuyit , qpit deniqne voti competes Vel prece vel precio fieri co'iteyjdfiKf,
CHAP. XX.
The necejjity of the good life andvertuom example of a King^ and ofhk Courts andfoUovpers,
There be three confiderations worthy the obferva- vacion of a King or Prince, nrft the care of himfclf and his upright hfe ; fecondly , the general care of thofe he ^ overns, and particularly thofe of his familiars and followers: thirdly, of the number of his attendants and fervants.
The firft is the lively fountain from which the rivers of the life of both Country and Court flow. The life of a Prince is the fquare that guides notonely the life and tnanners of his people , but more efpecially of his familiars and domelUcks -, he is the head , they the
V u a mena
o6 0^^^ Iff^feridlid
fliembers, and of no lefs force in their politick, then the heart in a natural and living body ; if it be finccreand whole it imparteth life and health to ail other mem- bers ; ifcorrupt and difvafcd, death and ruine. By the like reafon if a Piince be givvn lo ^oodhefs and vei tuc,**^- his Subjeds and Coiirficurs will imitate him ; if he be vicious, they will (wii tioufnefs , rio'*, and infolentie. The Kingly Prophet DazH advifeth Kings thus , Et nunc rcges tmelhgite, erudimifii qfii ]ii tninpis^ & fereatu de vtajtifta.
The good life of a Prince wa upon Plato his lleipub. was builded ; and Solomons faithful Counfel to Princes, was to go before the peo- ple in vertue and goodncfs : the dcirg whereof^ laith he,:? the powerful maintaincr ofpiety^ honcfty, and obe-iiencein Kingdomcs, Cities, and private families, Efpcacijfimum cxhortattenis genm eft frtrtcipem hoc face- re quod nb aliis fieri vc lit. Sic Adrianus Imperator [ms mmnes ta docebat faciro qua, par crat.
The rewards of all Nations do h ffici nily derson- ftratc tbis poitot ; for whatfoever verciics or .vices Prin- ces have followed, fuch have been tlie patterns irom U'hom the life of ^ubjeds and Courtiours have been drawn Nihil enim vulgm imitMur Itbcnttm qttam quod a fi^o principe fieri co^fpexerity/ub alcarore p'^Jft^ luditur a/ea, fub bellari bellatHrant omr.ei^ fub comn.ef- fatore Uxfi dtfiuum % fub DlonjCto ebrio^ Sjractifani ebrii fnKtiftib libidi/icfo lenccinantHr, [nb criideli defertint ac calHmi*tantnr \ r on alia igitur brtvior am cffic^cior ad €orrig(Hdos pQpuli meres via, quamprirxtpi^ ipftm incor- ruptdvita
This exen-plaiy prcfidencie of a Prince, feccnded withacarcful lurvey of the life, condition, and incli- nation
ucja impenaua. 297
nation of his followers. Courciours and Officers »« the frame whereupon the lively pourtraiture of all praifc- worthy Courcs muft be drawn, whereof the Prince is the head, his Courciours and Officers (accor- ding to their places and dignities; thcmCQibers, an4 therefore carefully to be attended, that they be religi- ous, honeft, vertuous, and careful to difcharge the truft committed to them, that they be adorned with wic and difcretion, well educated, and generoufly condi- tioned, that they bend all their ftudies promptly, fpee*" dily, and carefully to execute the command of their 5o. veraign, that they be not given to foftnefs , delicacie^ or cafe, but men of courage, and above all, that they be free of all fuch vices as are the poyfon of either Coun- tries or Courts, as Blafphemie, Drunkennefs, Luft, Fiat- terie, Detradion, Hypocrifie, and other damnable vi- ces, that they hunt not after honour, riches, pleafures, rather then the fcrvice of their Prince or publike good; let them be afhamed to hear the Court of a Chriftian Prince thus complained upon.
Fides^ hone fl as , humtlitas^ ac vsritas^ Pttdor decens^ c^ mentis almi caflitas^ Simplex intent i peQoris frudentiay Jntegritas^ & omne vhtutis jui>ar ' Ex pyi/7cipnm medo pdUtiis procnl Vugere^ qmrum ( pro dolor ) vices germ^ Trans atnt , perf^di^^ procacitas^fliles^ Caltimni^^palpMto^ roKCtii^ dcl'^ Naff{l£^fanft£^fcomma^ Indus afe4, TctAtionum crebra concert.itio > Lti'idofpHrca^ )Hgis &fcortati9 , Stimmi nihil det metHS perperditur^ Carat ny C^ }7thilrefpe^Hs ulami FmI^ nihil tormenta dir.t Tara^i,
Vu 5 lo.
Q9o Oaaimferialia*
In the third obfervation (confiding in the number of attendants and lervanrs } a Prince (hall more fafely (with Altx.wJer) make choice of faithful and fnfficient, then with Xerxes^ of a confufed multitude of Paraficcs, falfe lovers, vicious or ignorant Courtiours , forthc«N^ rea Tons following.
Fifft, As the moft populous Feaft f although moft fumptuoufly prepared) is full of clamours and incum- brances to the Matter of the houfe, and oft-times mi- niflers dilcontcnt to the greatell part of the guefts ; io the multitude of attendants, officers, and fervants in the Court of a Prince, is fo interlined with numbers of fer- fervlle, illiberal, thoufonicai, intrudini^, and unprofita- ble fpirits, (that for ihdr own ends hunts the Court,) althcngh maintained with the great charge of the Prince, are ever fubjed to wranding, emulation, envy, flatterie, f.nd diicontcntment, whereby it behoveth a Prince , leaving his Kmgly i*ovcraignty, to become a painful fpedator, a diligent mediator, keeper, and judge over thofe whom he ojght to command.
Secondly , Where there be multitude of followers, there the moft fecrec affairs are (by cunning of corrupt Courtiours, Spies, and bale Farrat-like tongues of fame-fpreading-niultitude) expofed upon the rocks of difcovery.
Thirdly, Mary attendants (by the prodigal exhauft- ing the revenues of a Prince) (o difinablcs him, that without the fpoil and emptying of the publikc g0( d , he can never fill their wade and inexplcble bellies, neither grstifie others of better worth. Read the Harmottj efthe iVorUU
Fourthly* As it is difficult to govern ^txi^ well, fo is it impoffible to k^cp many within the precind cf loyalty and obedience.
To
Ocia tf^perialia* 2pp
To (hut up all , the Kingly ftrudureofa Court is builded upon the exemplary vcrtues of a Prince, gar- niflied with godly, loyal, honeft, and true-hearted SubjeAs, and Domefticks, is defaced and ruined by the
^confufed multitude of intending prophane Atbcifts, ac«
^ cording to that of Horace.
Fernkies & temfeflas barathrnrnqtie macelli^ Nos tJHmertis fumHSy & fruges conJHmeri nati^ Sfcnft Penelopes nebtilones, Alcinoiqtie In CHte curanda flnsaquo operatajuventffs^ Cui pulchrem fuit in medios dormire dies^ & Adfirevitum cither A, ceffatam dftcerc CHTArtH
I
CHAP.
3^5 _iz^'* Imperialia,
CHAP. XX[.
of the Wrath af a Kwg 5 and when and hom he jixouldfimjp* *^
A S Clemency and flownefs to wrath, arc the divine ^^ and kingly Robes of a good Prince, fo furious anger, and revenge are the Tygar-like and deformed garments of a Tyrant; by which wifdomcis banifli- cd, juftice is forgotten , peace is overthrown, the Common- Weal ruinated, and the gates ofcruelty un- locked and laid open ; for this caufe a King or Prince Cwhofe greatnefs, power, place, and humane frailty, invites him to wrath and revenge^ muft carefully (fetting before him the love of his Country and fa- therly affodion to his fubjefts) retrain the impetu- -cus and dangerous inundations of luch paflionsas are moil hurtful to his people, prejudicial to himfelf, and unworthy the title and dignity of a King* Zelus & irachndia minunnt dies , & ante tempus feneEiam addti- y ctitft CO git At H5 : ctr ir.gentis ira, exit us furor efl ; ideo vitanda, Kon tantum n^derationis, fed etiatn fene^titis caufa Cells King of Thracia bein^ naturally Gholerick , "and a levere punifher of offences, having received divers rareand curious wrought (b it fragilj veffels, afcer he had bountifully rewarded the giver , did break themiall, ard being asked the caufe, anfwered, left Ifliould be moved to anger, and feverely chafticemy fcrvanCi for breaking of them. Read the Idea of the Law. ^c,
Tlh
Ocia Imperialia^ got
This worthy Prince did well know that the wrath of a Prince, is like the roaring of a Lyon, and there- forefore wifely did remove fuch combuftible mat- ter, as might fet a fire his death, threatning fury.
There is nothing more fit and injurious toCoun- fcl and deliberation, then tcmcratious and fudden an- ger.- Therefore ^i.ijP/';^»f«jprefcribcch delay and de- liberation, as a foveraign remedy againft wrath, for faid he, by intermiflion furious paflions languifhei, and the mifty clouds that opprefTcs the mind either va- niflies Or become leffe.
^Artemidortis the Philofopher did advifeexf/^^*/?;// C'^far, at fuch time as he was angricj to rehearfe twen- ty four greek letters.
In punifliing, a Prince is to keep fuch golden, mean, and temperate mixture, betwixt lenity and feverity, that his Subjeds be neither wounded by the one or become infolent by the other. Leones cjhos manfH" ffcere volmt homines juMat oUm Phraotesy verberihHS mn cttdif nee rurfus blanditiis mminm timendos fnta- haty ejuia fc nimiftmfpt^erbi evAderent\ o^inabatttr itaqus hlanditas mmtsfermixtosfaciliHsad mores oftator pojfe dediicere,
Laftly, If neceffity inforce a King or Prince fomc- time to draw the fword of jufticc ; dilligent care is to be taken, that he do it unwillingly, that he cut away but corrupt and unmovable members. Ne major fosna fit qtiam CHlpa^& ne ijfdem de caff [ts alii ple^mtur^alii ttr affellentttr qaidem.
chap;
i^02 vcui impertaita*
CHAP. XXIL
what a King or Emperoiir ought to confider before he enttr War ^ for what caiifes they may lavp^ fnllytal^e amies ^ and how to behave t he wf elves in IVar,
C Ome do hold that the Latine name Bellum was taken ^^from Beltis {ontoNinus and begun in e^^jj^r^ o- tliers fay it didbeg-nby Nimrod {on to Belus^ and nephew to Minos ; others fay that the firfl: that did make war was Chcderla^imtr Kingof the£/^??^irf/, a- gainrt whom went ^Abraham to defend Lot*^ the Egyptians hold againfl: all thole opinions, affirming that the firfl: invcnter of war, was Promotheus againft Orefies King of the Lycaonians for the daughter of King Solo- mon: But I will not infift upon the Original of war, but rather complain upon the evils that it brought with it in the world, and to me lately.
All war may be thus divided, it is either Royal War, Civil War^morethenCiviljOr Perfonal,or Vifceral War.
The Royal War is that which is betwixt King and King, Kingdomc and Kmgdome, fuch was the War htXyNXYX Alexander and Dariusy %ome and Carthage^ Civil War is not betwixt Kingdome and Kingdome, but City and City, Neighbour and Neighbour ; fuch War wasamongft ih^Carthagimansh^tvj'wl the Ha- mo-mani and A[xruhall'y in Rome^ bctwixt the Sillaes ic Afaria'^S'^thc C^faria>is and Fomfejans, War more then Civil^ is fuch as is betwixt Coufin and Coufin,Fathcr & Si)\^^ Uncle & Nephew; fuch was betwixt Ci«/^r & Pom^ j-ey at the battle of PharfaU.t.vjhtxt did lye dead the Fa- tlur killed by the Son, the Brother by the Brother, the
Coufin
Ocj^lmferialia 503
Coafin by the Coufin; luch War was betwixt Herod ftA^cdon^ and his two fons AlexanAtr and Ariflobulns:, fuch was betwixt D.ivid and his Son ^Ab^dom. Read our Regio Lptcts, ^ Particular or Perfonal War is, w^hen two vaHant men fights for the juftifyiog of fome matter of confequence: fuch War was becwixt Alexander the great, and King Porus^ io^ their intereft to the Kingdome oi India: betwixt hcritrix to the Kingdome of AWanie^ betwixt DdVid and C?o//.i^, betwixt the EmperourCe;^^/?.?^?/;?^ and the Emperour C^Uxence, Read our Elements of Govern^ mem.
The Laft fort of War> which is; Vifceral, (betwixt a man and his own corrupt affedions) is of all other raoft dangerous; in it,the vidorious remains conquered, and he that is conquered vidorious: of this War fpeak- eth loby FaBns [am mihtipfi gravis. It is called Vif- ceral becaufe it begins and takes end in the very heart of man; in it fights love and fear, abftinence and in- temperance, filence and fpeechjreafon and fenfuality, floth and dilligence, wrath and patience, carefulnefs and negligence, avarice and liberality, mercy and re- venge, and many other irreconcilable enemies. Read the Idea, &c.
In this dangerous War^man fights not accompanied, but fofe; not publickly, but fecrctiy: not againft others but againft himfelf. Of this War fpeaketh the Apoftle, Infelix homo qfii^ me liherabit^ de corp$re mortis huj^Sy I will leave the curious divifion ofW^ar, and (hortly fpeak of that War in general, which is royal.
As it is certain that peace is the nouriflier of all happinefs,and the arch-bleffing that (by the Almighty) is imparted eicher to Princes or Kingdonies, fo it is
as
^04 ^^'^ i^j/pcriaua
as true chat as there is a tmie ui peace, there is a time of War, wherein a Prince may juftly take arms, but (o warily that he wifely expends the weight of the matter he intendeth, the intricate difficulties, and bloody dangers that attend War, that he truly enform himfelfof the caufethat moveth him, of his own a-^ bility in maintaining fo dangerous and (umptuous a task:heisfcricuQy to meditate with himfelf and de- bate with his Counfei, the irrecoverable lofTes, the Chdos ofconfufion, the multitude of rnifeiies, the inhumane cruelty, thefiiipwrack ofconfcience,the fpoils, rapes, tyrannies, murthers, cares, dangers, lofles, ruines, cries of fathcrlefsand widows, and the Ocean of evils that do accompany all dcvouriuii War: Ice him wie- ly confider the endlefs charges that uphold it , the increafe and multiply irig of it, the eafie beginning, the difficil and uncertain iilue of bloody War. Read our Mx'tiaiDijciplinlih, 2.
The true furvey of chefe, and other innumerable dc» flroying plagues, that by War arc inflided upon the fouls and bodies of men, will check the inordinate defire of ambitious inlargjng of dominions, of vain glory, or tyrannous revenge : Let a Prince call to mind the ftridaccompthe mufl: make for theleaft drop of hu- mane blood ipcnt in his default, remcmbring alio the ihortnefs, and the frailty of the life of man, the mil- lions of difeafrs , hourly accidents and fatal blows that daily (bcfide War) allaults the ruinous cottage, where- in his life isinclofcd.
Secondly, He fhall dcfcend to the true caufcsof War, from which he (hal leclude theAmbition oi Alexander^ the confidence in the numbers of A'^^a*^/, the covetouf- ucfsof Cr« ofC^'/r : GAi gl >rie, the defence of his Kingdomes,
the
odd Imjierjalia^ 505
the undoubted weal and lafecy of bis people, and the enjoying of peace, aretlietrue caul'es, that ought co found the Trumpet in Sion^ and unfheath the regal fword : Thcfe made David ^wth'x^hdind to the fling ^atid kill the proud biafphemcr, \$id/is /V/achaheus bold- ly go againft Gods enemies , many brave princes ck- pole their lives to death for the honour of their fu- preann King, and iafecy of tl'eir Country.
AagHJlns (^(cfarax^ lay that War ought to be com- mand d by the gods, mnncaincd by Princes, juftified by PhilofopherSj and executed by Captains.
When thea no other remedy will fcrve, a prince forthecaufes above named miy lawfully take armts w herein he muft be careful that in his own perfon he be religious, provident, judiciouSjjuft, merciful, true, pohiick, vigilant, skilful, and a ftrid obferver ofdil- cipline : io long as Mfes liJred up his hands, fo lonc» had the people vicftorie, provident Scipio did fcorn to fay, I did notthmk it (hould fall cut thus. Ale^;.: a der made choice radier of few skilful, then o^ Xerxes confuted numbers, jufl: Z.^/f;fc-//j did rather fliare in one eye with his fon then to be tainted with in- jultice ; politique Sert-r'-ns Pefcemiitis oid watch when his Soldiers did flcep; skii full H;;?;^;?;^.^/ did order his battles to the difadvaniage of hisenemies. Alexanitr Severus did (o (Iridtly obferve military difcipline that he did feverely puniih the ieaft con- tempt thereof. Merciful ^/f/^n^^rf.f did not triumph o»er his proflratc enemies.
Next, A Prince being in | Arms ought not rarti'y to expofe his people co un^dvifed dangers The Empe- rour LucuUhs did oft ray,5^ mdle unum militem^tium ^ m inibm hofltHm eripere quam timverfas hoftlfim fortunas Jiifi V in die are t
Hannibal to the fame parpofe faith, /^ m.tgis cun-
Eiantem
3o6 On a Iwperialia
Bant em & accjmefcentem Itahinm qnam ppignamsmMar- cellum fo rmidare.
It hach ever likcwile been the care of grcateft Prin- ces rattier by policies? (iratagems and wifdom to over- throw the encmie, tbenbybszard and uncertain Bat=\i lie. C by counfel then by force. Licor.es ft cjmr.do ftratairema- te hoc efl CcilhdoconpliOyftiperajfent hofiem') Martiiovem immolahinti fin aperto pra/h^gallfim'^ hoc pa^o csnfHcfa' cierjtes beUt duces , ttt non [alum fortes effect ad prdliitm^ vernm at callidis potifis confiliis adverftiS hofiem ir^flrpi- Cli^ v/Horiam incrHentamcoyifecjuerentur,
It is alfo necelTary that a Prince or General in moft en:iinent dangers be magnanimous and full of courage, becaufethe quality of War is fuch, that the fearfulnefs of one, difcourages the others ; for certainly where fear is, there is fmaii hope of vidory. Jud^^s M^-cchabetiS (invironed by the multitude of enemies J wasadviicd to turnback, God forbid, fai4 he, that we fhoulddothis ihin^, to fly from them ; if our time be come let us die manfully for cur brethren, and let us not (lain our ho- nor. Read our Policy of fVar.
Alexandytas Captain of the :Spartanty being deman- ded. Why his people made choice of death, rather then to yeild to the encmie ? becaufe faid he, it is a Law ob- ferved amongft them, rather to offer their bodies to death , then to captivity. Readout Marital Eie- msms.
Bins ("having War with Jphicrates King of the Athe» nians^ being furprifed by an uncxpeded ambufh ) lec- ing his people leave him, did thus encourage, or rather check their CO ivardice. Tell you, faid he, to the living, that 1 your Captain do die fighting , and I (hall tell to the dead, that you did leave me like bafe Cowards,
It
Ocia Im^CYjalid. 30-
It was cold to Ltomdes chat the arrows of the cn^'- mies didcbfcuretheSunjwe (hall then fight under the fhadow, faid he. The flrcng^h of the A^jrians was in their Commander Belns, oi i\it PerfiatJs'mCyrHs^ the y'Thebans in HercttUs^ o\ the Hebrews Jnd^s A^ACclhi- b€us^ of the Greci.ws in ^Icthi-idfs, of the TrojjiKsin Heclor^ of the Egypnar.s in Ogjges , of the Ef trots m Fyrrhiis^ of the Rom.rns in Scipio, and of the Carthagi- mates in Hannib^^l.
By thefe and the like it ismanifeft that no famous Vidorics and more profperous iucccfs haihbcen ra- ther attributed to the wifdom and dexterity of Princes and Commanders of Armies, then to the force of Soul- diers Arms.
Laftly, A Prince having attained the mod fortunate fuccefsof War, he is modeiliy to curb his immoderate joys, infu'ting pride, and inhumane cruelty; remem- bring the infbability of worldly affairs, and that the event which is happened to him thisdiv, may fall to his enemie the next. When DAvtd did hear of the death of Saul , fuiifisC'ipir fee the head of Pompey , Great Alcxr/ider Daritis dead in his prefence, Marcns AfarceHfis SyrAcufe burned, Sr.pio Numan dcftroyed , and Ha-rinibd behold the prollrare EmbafTadors , for- rovvful widows, and fatherlefs children at Canfias^ they did tellifie by their commiferate complaints and bitter tears, the forrow they did conceive at the fall of their inon- obftinate enemies. £p,irmna.nLi5 6tim ulias hhri VultH folittiS efiin pfiblicnm prodi^e'^pofiriclie (jffj diet cjmo i.^Jicirir pH^natumefl in Leuciris^ procejfit [qtididtis & ffihmif[iis\ amicis canfam [i^fcitiimibus, Ntbil inqtiit^fed heri fe^ft me plus acjuo mihi pUcpiijfe^ €]HS gandii intempe - r and am hodiecaftigo.
CHAP.
::;o8 Oct a Imperialia.
CHAP. xxnr.
of the meditation and f reparation of a King agajnft the day of hk death.
Set the Ten/pie of IVifdome.
C Ith nothing is more fure then death, nothing more ^certain then the time, no fuch cruel andirreconcila* ble encmie to the fons of Adam then death , it doth follow that there is no better proviJion then in time to provide for death : that there is no fuch dangerous jfigbt as againft Death, neither as over death.
This due preparation againft the day of death, and vidorious overcoming of death (being the Crown of humane adions, ofa good life here, and a true badge of afTured happinefs hereafcer ) ought to be common to all men, and peculiar to a Prince, tor two thief rea- sons : firft, leil greatnefs, honours, riches, power, and other deceitful vanicies. tranfport him and make him forgetful o{ humane condition , blindfold him in the Security of long life, or make the remembrance of death bitter. O mors cjuam amtura efl memona ttta hemini pa- cem habentii}2[Hbftantns fuis^ viroqui^tol Ergo ne de- deris m:hi di virus, tribue mihi tanitim vi^fii meo necef faria^ 926 forte ilhciar ad negnndnr/i^ & dicam^ Quis est DomiMUs } qnis efl Deus ?
To this purpofc it (hall much avail a Prince to con- clude with gray -headed 5o/o/»o«, (who had according to his hearts defirc, long enjoyed wifdome,knowled^e, honours^ riches, and what elfe might dignifie or exalt
him)
Ocia Imferialia, 509
him) that all things under heaven are f^wV^/ vantta- tis ; that the onely true comfort and permanent joy in this earthly Kingdomeis but in expedation of a tetter hereafter: that all other pleafures are but vani- ^!^ ty, and vexation of fpirit.
When a Prince is fummoned by ficknefs or old age (the //i«r^/«^ ditate and reafon with himfelf.
Death is not to be feared when a good life hath pre- paredthe way: To hear of death is no noveIty:that he ("with all men ) was born to die; that all his ancedors • are by death diffolvcd: What numbers of Monarchs are before him, and chat Hiall follow him.* that death is the end oF mileries and entry to true happinefs in heaven, where uncorrupted treafure and true glory attends him: the earneft defire whereof builded upon a good lifej and upright confcience, moved good Sa* »?«f/ to. prepare himfelf againft the day of his death, and ask whofe Oxe, or whofc Affe he had unjuftly detained, or whom he had wronged.
The hope of immortality and true joyes encouraged patient loh in the extremity of griefs and, dunghil of difeafes, to cry out, I amfn^e that m] Redemer Itveth^ and he (hall (land the Ufl- on the earth. And chough a fi. ter my skin worms deftroy this body,7^f fhall I f^e God in my flejh. And to makethis aflurancc perfect be ^ddcth, wLmlmy fe/f fh^/l fee, and mific ejes behold and none other for me ^though mj retns are confumed mtb^ in me.
To thefe mdditations may be added, the weakneft, fliortnefs, and frailty of the life of man, fubjed to ficknefs^ poverty, injuries, and violence ; yea miferabic man is daily tormented with the chief pleafures of life, delicacie of meats begetteth indigeftion and cru-
X X ditcyj
o lo Ocia If/tftrialia.
iity; ftrong drink, palfie and trembling, luft,ftupidi- ty, wcakning of the brain ; the gout and contradion of the body; riches envy and forrow, in leaving thenn in a word every joy hath his enfuing forrow, our life i? blind, doubtful, and full of troubles; honors fwelir\ i:, (orrow extenuates it, heat exficcates it, cold benums i:, the air infefts it, (urfets opprefs it, hunger devours i:, laughter diffolves it, fadnefs confumes it, follitude imprifons it, fecurity dulls it, young age exalts it, youth prefufrth it, old age oiakes it feeblc^and death ruines it* .Mtbjthcn the body of man, is but the receptacle and ruinous cottage wherein the foul of raan is impri- foned,and is daily affaulced with millions of irrecon- cilable enemies, the beft way to provide a more glori- ous dwelling place for fo heavenly a gueft, is timely to lC2ch the foul todifpife the body, that (he hath no intcrefl- in it, is a ftraoger, a pilgrim, and wearied gueft, travelling towards her long wifiied home; andunwil- ingly detained and imprifoned within the dungeon of corrupt fle(h; that becaufe death is the way whereby {he muft arrive at her long wiflied haven, flic is moft willing to acquaint her felf with death; to difcoverthc dangerous Ambufcadoes and infnaring traps, that arc hidden under the overfhadowing groves of greatnefs and profperity.
This ferious meditation of death, the familliarcon- vcrfing with death, and timely disjundion of the foul from the bodie is the right preparation todie,and when death comes boldly with a Kingly courage, triumphant- ly demand him in his face, O death where is thy flingl il/4;ciW/^»theEmperourcauredhis Tomb five years before hisdeathtobe carried wherefocverhedidgOjthac by the remembrance cfdeath, he might diflodgc am- bitious, fooh(b,deceiptfull, worldly afeftions, and be
ready
Ocia Imj/erialia. 3 H
ready with old Simeon to receive his fafc condud, and fay> Novf Lord lettej} thou thy Servant depart in feaceyfor mtne eyes havefeen thy Salvation,
Secondly, A King or Frince ought willingly to pre- pare himfelffor death^becaufe the forgctfulnel's of death increafeth the horror, and augments the fear of unex- pedcd death; for, omnia repenting graviora junt^ Jed pr-dimedifatio ftiturorum m/ilorum Unit eorum ad- vent um\ ergo cum mult urn frodeft provifio C^ praparatio ad minuendum rttortis dolorem^ omnia humanafunt Frir,' dpi meditanda'j hdtc efiiliaprajians^ & divina fapiemia^ & prdceptis penitus , G^ pertrxElatas res humanas habere-^ nihil admirari cum acciderit; nihil 4ntequ^m advenerit^ n9n evenirepojje arhitrari.
This conlideration of the uncertainty and unexped- ed coming of death, and careful provifion for his, coming, is the anvil whereon the Armes that muft con- quer him are forged; this Armor i$ of fufficient proof to withftand the furious affaults of rebellious flefli, am- bitious or down«thro wing pride of the roofl powerful Princes; it is a careful Servant for the coming of his Ma- iler, a never-flecping watch attending for the chief,and a ^xov'xAtmotconontus for hying up of true ftore.Remem- ber O King fa id Agapetus to Jaftintatif that death fears not the iplendor of honour or greatnefs^but impartially devoure Kings and I3eggars,therefore before his coming lay up provifion in heaven, where no corruption nor earthly thing fliall have entry, but fhall return to duft & A(hes,from whence they did come5&man born naked {hall go hence naked, death (hall find him as life leaves him, and judgement (hail fird him as death leaves him; noH potefi male men qui bene vtxit-^& plerunque mala mar A, eft^quam mala vita pracejfitynam Jicut vita ipja bonum e^^ cum virtute vivitur^malum fi cum fcelere^ It a & mors ex pVAimtisvitA aUtbns ponder andaeli^ CHAP^
3 2 Odd Imferiaha.
CHAP. XXLV.
of Mourning for the dead^ and of Chrifiian and^ Kingly lurials
T 7 \ 7 Hen we are dead, the King will lofe faith- V V fuTuhjedsi yetwc have many enemies that aUohate the King. Let fuchCaticks who condemn mourning Sermons, and funeral honours to the praife c f ?i>f taithfu! departed : confider, that ignorance, I i fmgularit' is the mother of their errour, and as it is true, th it Chriftians tranflated from this life, non fum imijpje^pramip'^ So is it as tme^ ^delthus debtto honere^'^cfunehri oratisne f^rentare ^tihlla unqu^m pietas fifit %jligiovetfiit*
The redoubted groans of our Saviour, at the death of Laz^arus do dcmonftratc, that mourning for the d ad is a true fign of the pietie of the living Stefhani vtirtyrtmm nmximis ^hrijlianornm flanBibfts & genti'* bus fuit corofiatam*
lercmias did bewail the death of King lofias in the affembly of the people; Al^raham^Wis wife Sim: the whole houfe of Ifrael did mourn for Afofes and Aaron ^ thirty days King David did lament for the death of Abfalem his ion. and for the death of i* .Whis cnemie, Che holy Fathers did bemoan the death of their Princes and others their Friends : Ambrofe did moft richly garnifhtheHcrfeof Theodoftis with a Learned Ser- mon and eioquent oration: Gregorius Naz^Unzjen, mor" tHUmfra, rem Cafarium Uudavit^ej 'i,q'^me/>ioridm pojferis funehri oration^ cowmettdavit. Jerom Damafceti, And all the ancient {>il!ars of the Church did honour- ably
Oda Imperialja 315
ably regard the tuneral and lalt honors done to Chri- ftians dcccafed. Read iht Temp/e of fV/Jdome.
I ceafc to fpeak of the honors done to Princes after their death, by the Philofophers and ancient heathen, it is dolefully Regiftred, that at the tragical Funerals oiAchHUs and Patrodus killed by the T'rojans^ LachrymiS Kon folnm armalngentiuin rigarentur^ fed & arendt e\uoque mudefccrent. Old StUn did delight tO be beloved in his life time, that at his death the for- rowfull coniplaints of bis friends might accompany him to his grave. JhUhs Cafar ^neft^r, JuUam Anu^ Um nxorernqne Corneliampre roflrislattd-wtt.
All Laws do warrant fuch offices as are done at the Funerals of fuch as have been profitable to the Common- Wealth wherein they did live, to be ]Mf^4 and )ftre aEla, and the leaft defacing of the ^'epuJchers of the dead, or touch of rcproch, hath been holden an offence of higher quality then the ruinating of the houfes of the living y or fpoken againft their perfons in their life time .- ln]HrtfprHdentta, qnotiefcti^que^ leges viventtHm pugnant cum legibus poftLUy/nis femper pre^ vdent pofthnrntay omyiiaque juris privUegio faflafavcre fublicQ C£dftf7t ^ viVHyitur ab unxfoU a^tQne fnnerariM, The ancient ^riftians did account it the extremity of pf riecution : that they were compelled iftveftipre- mo henore cxnticortim & hjmnormn) tO bury their dead in filencc.
I (hould exceed the limited brevity that I hive in- Joined to my felf,if I (h >uld recount the various and fu- perftitious Funeral litcs obfe-ved araonglt the flcathcn, or the fumptuous ind unpr >fit^b(e charges beftowed a- moQ fl fome Chriftians. ^gj^ tn c'-nd;bAnt mortuoseofq; domifervab^ntx Perf^cerd ciyctimlmenies condlebantut qaam m^xime ptrmttmrent dtmnrrja corporal M
3 1 A, Ocia ImperiaUa.
nttsirat non humdre corpora j nifi aferis anted fuiffent laniata, Meffagetx cognatos (^ fropi»(jHos mortnoi devoram dncemes ioonefttHs ac rtUins afe qnam a vermis bus comedamnr,
I leave to fpcak ot the Funeral fires wherein an-* ciently, and yet the bodies of the dead have been, and treconlumed toadies; neither will I fpeak of the pre- tious jewels, rich clothes, gold,rilver,fervant5, horfe, and other conceited fooleries, wherewith in divers Nations Princes are interred. I do onely allow of fuch honourable burial of Princes, as is obferved a- moBgftChriftians, and which is rather honoured and condoled by the tears of all good .Jubjeds, ^yermons, Funeral o acions, and charitable almes (thereby to incite the fuccecding pofterity to imitate the vertues ©fthe deceafed Prince J then defaced by fuperftitious rites, or prodigal profufion of fuperfiuous and unpro- ^table charges. Ecclefia fulgeat in pariettbus^ fed ne 9f€M if* pauperihus^ lapides anro indnantur^ non ut ec- gig fid fiiii nude defer antur^
FINIS.
Read next the idea of the Laxp.
3»5
D(?c?^r Baylies challenge t9 Mr. John Heydon« SIR:,
H Earing of you abroad ^ and having read your BookSj we therefore thus fend to you. It ^ will not be de- nied but that the Church of -K^^^e, * K9m,i.y,yt.
n 11 n -n JPhites defence
was once a molt excellent Houriih- of hi$ way, pag.
ing Mother Church. This Church j? ^ • K^T^gJames
couldnotceafetobefuch,but(he p^^/^'^?. *"
muft fall either by AfeHafie^ Here- ^^ itaktr in tn-
fie, oxSchifm. 'Z^ftt
monftrat. Tu'li in Epift. i. ad Thtf. fed. 7.
1. Apojiajie is not onely a renouncing of the Faith of Chrift, but the very name and title to Chriftianity. No man will fay that the Church of Rome had ever fuch a fall, or fell thus.
2. Herejie is anadhefion to fome private and Angular opinion or errour in faith^ contrary to the general approved dodrine of the Church ^ If the Church of Ro^je did ever adhere to any lin- gular or new opinion difagreeableto the com- mon
5i6 ,
mon received doftrine of the Chriltian world ^ I pray youfatisfie me to thefe particulars^x/zz,. i By what general Counfel was (he ever condekined ?
2 Or which of the Fathers ever writ againft her >.
3 Or by what Authority was (he other wife re- proved? For it(eeins tome to be a thing very incongruous that fo great a Church (hould be condemned by every one that hath a mind to condemn her.
Schifm is a departure or a divifion from the unity of the Church ^ v/hereby that bond and communion held with feme former Church is broken and dilfolved.lf ever the Church oiRome divided her felf by Schifm from any other body of faithful Chriftians. brake communiouj or went forth from the fociety of any elder Church^I pray fatisfie me to thefe particulars^ ivvhofe company did (he leave? 2 from whom did (he go forth? 5 where was the true Church which (he did for- lake? for it appears a little (Irangetomerbata Church (hould be accounted fchilmaticalj when there cannot be athgncd another Church different from her (which from age to age hath continued vifible^ from whence the departed.
Mr. John Hcydon hxth anfvceredDr. Bayliei// hk Regio Lucis^ and kath routed all the Jejuites^ fo that thofervho fkafe way be there fatisfie din their doubts ^ you will there find his modefi dc* fence for Epfcoptcie and King-pip. FINIS.
THEOMAqiAi
Or, The
TEMPLE
WISDOME
Spirit UAL^ C ce L E s T I A L5 andj
£E LEMENTAL.
In which you may finde the Refo^
lution of all manner of Queftions.
Being Fitted (and Communicated) ta the WORLD
ByJoHM Heydonj Gene, ^/ac/oju^,
A ^crvanc ot God ^ and Secretary to Nature.
I - I I -
A^ec omnia , mc mhil.
Pfalm XXV. 14. Thefecrets of the Lord are n?ith them that fear him.
L 0 tf V 0 7{^:
Printed by J. C. for R. Broom , at the ih^t of the
Gun in Ivy-Lane» i 6 6 l.
T O
Charles Potter Efq;
Genclemaa-Udier
To the Queen^Mother , (s^c.
Noble Sir !
\Ext to my on>n Angel^ I confefs my felf iou^d to doyou fervice. To fall foul upon the abhorredvilUmes of Stage^ Players^ and the underwtt-Authors of Comedies and Tragedies ^together mth the degenerous and intraBable Nature of other rude People^ Cviz. inconfiderahle Jfirological Taylors) can^ not anfweryouy for it doth not me.
I do not J ay I am a granger to God ^ Angels or Genii ^ and their powers in An and Nature when uni- ted j &c. And therefore that you would fend by the hand of him whom you fhouU fendp when I am indeed able for thefe things; I doubt mt to have him with
Aaa 2 my
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
my mouthy becaufe I mean to leave all my f elf out», There was never more provocatm^s for all men to fpeak then novo^ vphen all the mischievous afJs a'/id deedi of Harlots and Villains^ that other Ages did but imagine^ are upon the Stoge novp-^ andpraB^fed as hy a Law 5 and in the mean ttme^ the dumb Jjjes are , tau^t toforhidthe madnfs of the Prophets. *
Tou do not deny the power of God ^Angels or Spirits'^ ^cl therefore nowy io 1 know of what Spirit yoa are : fyetthe Body chmg^ the Nature of the Sprit. That the Genii lodge in fundyy Airy Bo cites j thofe many and undeniable (lories of apparitio:is do clearly efop-nce 5 and it i% impof^ihle that Air fl^iutd he fo arbitrarioujl) changed intofhapes^ and yet held toge- ther as an aBuated Vehicle of Life , if there were not fomethinghefides the Air tt felf that did thus pojj'efs it J and moderate it^ and could dilate -^ contraB, a/;d guide it as it pleafed-y otherwife it would he no het- ter figured, nor more fteadily kept together then the fiinking fume of Tobacco y or the reek of Chim"
pies, C"" ''
There is one fpeciatf acuity of a Spirit^ which after penetration it doth either naturally or arhitrarioufly exert ; Mfh is thisy to fill the ReceptiiJity or Capacity f^ a Body or Matter^ fo far j or th as it ts Capable or Receptive of a Soul cr Spirit : and thisaffeBion of a Spirit I win make hold to call (for more compendia cufnefs) by one Greek term ^xt-na.Uta^ which that there way be no fuf pit ion of any fraud or a^eBed foolery in wordsy Imllas plain ly as I can define thus -^ a power
in
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
in a Spirit of o^ertngfo near to a corporeal Emanati" on from the center of Life y that it will foperfeBlyfU the Receptivity of Matter y intovphtch ithaspemtra- 4edj tijat it is very difficult for any other Spirit to po[l'efs the fame '^ and herely lecowtng.fo firmly aisd doff If H rated to a hody^ as both to a^uate $,nd to be aSied upony to ajfeff and be affected thereby.
Arid noiv-ihot^oralle Sir^ I appeal to you ^ if matter does not fit asclofe^ nay clofer to a Spirit then any ofte part of Matter can do to anathar : For here Union pervades through all^ but there ConjanBion is onelyin a common fuperficie$y as is ufualiy fancied and ac- knowledged'y and this Hylopathia, which is thus in a finite Spirit or Soul , I further adde^ may well an- fwer in Analogy to that power of creating Matter.^ which is necefjarily included in the Idea of God^or Im- material being.
I fljall fpeak one word of Immaterial fuh^ancf^ and 't will make you merry : for difcourfing of an Im^ ynaterud beings a prating Aflermong^r asked me if there were any thing fo railed y or any being fine Materia ; ha^ ha^ he -yanMrologersquefiion fit for his Almanack next year , or to have been pMfied in his great bundle ofwafie Papery to be read by every fot in an Ale-houfey when he takes his loathfome To^ hacco. But to the feminal forms or plants of AnimalSy or the Archei , as The Rofie Crucians call them : But this Form or Archeusis a thing wore fimple and plainy and requires a more jimple and plain qualifica^ tionofthefubjeB it works upon^ viz. that it be onely
Homo"
The EpitUe Dedicatory
T
lioimgened and duHible to the tender affaults of that fubfiantial power of life that re fides in it^
Nor is this Opinion o^ the Archei or Seminal Forms intangledin any fuch difficulties^ but may h^ ' eafilj answered.
For as for thofe many pretended intricacies in the ; infiance of the efformation offVafps out of the Car cafe of a Horfe 5 Ifayy The Archei that framed them are no parts of the Horfes Soul that ts deady hut fever al ' diflinB Archei that do as naturally joynvpith the mat- ter of his Body foputrified and prepared^ as the Crom come to eat his fie fh.
Some may demand vphere thefe Archei were hef'ore : I anfwerj Can there want room for fo f mall pieces of fpirituality in fo vafl a compafs as the comprehenfipn of the Untverfe ^ I fhall rather reply^ vvhere were they not ^ the fVorldofLife being excluded out of No place ^ and the fundry forts of Souls being as plentiful and obvious there ^ as thofe Magnetick particles are in this corporeal World : And you can fcarce place your Load'fione or Iron any where ^ but you will finde their pre fence by thefenfibleeffeBs of them 5 or if you fancy agrojfer comparifon^ they are as cheap and com^ mon as dufijiying in the Air^in a dry and windy Sum* rner. ^
Thefe Archei be fo many f prigs of the common ' Soul of the World ^ or particular fuhfifiencies of themfelves : There is no greater inconnjemence in acknowledging that it may be either way ; for it does rjQt follow that if they be fo many branches or di-
fiina
The Epiftle Dedicatory.
fti^Braysof the great Soul of the Worldy that there- fore they Are not that ver^ Soul itfelj), and if they be not ) they waj have their pleafures and pains apart diftinB from one another: And what is fleafure or pain to them ^ may happily ke neither to their Origi- nal j moving her no more then the cherping of a Cricket doth 5/> John Hanmef , John Floid f/^^ and your fe If ^ when you are attentive to your loudMu^ fick.
Novpy learned and valiant Siry I pre fume tofub- mit all to your better judgement. 1 hen ff^ppofe Ifajy they arefo manyfubftances^as independent on the Soul . cfthe fvorldy as the Matter itfelfts {though all depend en God) there is no dipculty at all^ nor inconvenience in that pofttion 5 nor need I trouble my feif where they are^ or vfhat becomes of them ^ either before they fiBuate this or that part cf the matter , or after they have done aBuating the fame ^no m^ore then of the parts of the Matter aBuaied by them. Tor as every part of Matter is fafely kept mthtn the compafs oj the corpo- real fVorld^ whether it le aBed upon byanySculor ArcheuSy or not : fo every Soul or Archeus is asfafe in the World of Life, and asfecure from being exter* winated cut of the comprehenfion of Immaterial Be* ingSywhetherit aB upon any part of the Material World or no: For fubftance^ he itof what nature it mil ^ it cannot perifh without a Miracle : And why God fhould annihilate that which in fuccefjion of time may again have opportunity to aB its party andprov^ ferviceable to the Worlds no man I thin.k can exco- gitate any Reafon. J^ut
TheEpiftle Dedicatory.
But the Bodies of the Spirits beirtg nothing but coAguUted or con^ringed Air^ when they put them i'^fuih apofiure to appear > as to cor/jIrin^;ttl2fir Ve- hicles in a greater measure by far the/i agitates the fin.'^ gle particles of it .that it mil then fee m not o?,ely cold as congealed water dothy but more piercingly and jii^^g- i^gly coldy byreofon of the fubttlty of the parts.
And when they mt onely firongly co^/flringe their Vekuleinthe vphole^ but alfopercely agitate the Jin- gle partij^i-'S thereof ytheir bodies will become fiyidgii^^g' ly hot y arid imitate in fome meafure heated Bra[$ or Irony wherein the particles keep clofe together ^ and yH every one isfmartlj moved in nfelf.
I Am fare I have [aid nothings but what I believe j if more fome times then I well underftood ^ I have company enough ; and the acknowledgement o\ an er- tour IS more eafe to me then the committi/^g of it was.
This is my deed of gift ^ the Temple is yours j and tf you regard tt mt^give it to thofe that wtll : and for. rny frtfent boldnefs^ you may thank your felf^you admit- ted me this fi^miiartty.
Bat the great Gemus of this Temple(ifyou do not ac-^ cept him ) fljaU burn a while like thcfe Suhterranious Glibian Lamps under the Eartl). Many fl.ialifee ity tt mt m:^^ j manyfball behold it, but not nigh.
May 35. Your humble Scrvanr,
John Hbtdon*
THEO-
oold[[
r H E 0 M A G I A :
O R,
The Temple of W i s d o m e.
The Third Book.
Fter we have fufficlently treated of the div'ilion of the Earth , and how co make the Figures 3 and attribntethemto the Rulers, Idea's and parts of the Earth, and largely written their feveral fi^nificati- ons in their proper Places ; we (hall in the next place fpeak of the Judgement of Horary quefti* ons, andalfo of Nativities. And be you not doubt- ful of the truth of this Art: for upon my Word and Repu^tion, all that is written in this Book 1 have ex- perienced; and what the Rulers and Idea's fignitie ia the Figures, when they are in the Haines you ma/ judge.
Bbb CHAP.
2 The Temple of ^'fdom. Book 111,
CHAP- I
Offevefal confiderations to he ohfervedfor the better j^dg-^ ing of a Queflions ^ »
SOme cannot obtain their Nativities ; and here you may be as well refolved , and as truly will things come to pa(s, as if you knew the Hour of your Birth.' Thefe things are fit for the Artift to beac' quainted with, for the better judging of any Qneftion propounded.
1. .The Radicalnefs of the Figure, and fitne{s of the Matter to be Judged
2. ThepodibilityorimpolTibility of the matter pro- pounded to be judged.
3. Of the Perfon or Matter impeding or furthering thebufinefs.
4. Of the time m which it may be perform- ed.
CHAP. ir.
Of the pgnification of the Querent and ^efited,
THe Querent Is that Perfon (be it man or woman) that propounds the doubt or queftion to the Artift : And thefirft Houfe, and any Figure in it, fignifies the Querent : the Ruler and Idea Signifies his Stature, Complexion, Condition and Qoality, mixed all together.
The Quefited is the perfon (or thing) enquired after ; and the feventh Houfe generally, and the Fij^ure in k^ the Idea, and Ruler of it, arc the Signifi-
cators