M. M. Mason.

W. M. — To order Brethren! Bro. S. W., are the dues
all rendered and the wages paid ?

S. W. — W. M., the dues are all rendered, and the wages
are ready for distribution.

W. M. — Bro. J. W., you will assist the S. W. in the
distribution of the wages.

(J. W. takes his place at the left of S. W.'s Wicket,
with the in his hand. The Brethren form in pro-

THE MARK MASTER' S DEGREE. 73

cession in the North, then pass before the Wicket, putting
their hand in the Triangle.)

S. W. — W. M., tlie wages have all been distributed.

W. M. — Bro. S. W., have the working plans been
deposited in a place of safety ?

S. W.— They have W. M.

W. M. — Bro. S. W., where is your constant place in
Lodge ?

S. W.— In the West.

W. M. — Why are you placed there ?

S. W. — As the Sun sets in the West to close the day,
so is the S. W. placed in the West to close the Lodge by
command of the W. M., after having seen the wages dis-
tributed, and the working plans deposited in a place of
safety.

W. M. — Before closing the Lodge let us with reverence
and humility express our gratitude to the Grand Overseer
of the Universe for favours, &c. (same as in other De-
gree).

Knocks 1, 1, 11.

S. W. — In the name of the Grd. Overseer of the Uni-
verse, and by command of the W. M., I close this Mark
Masons Lodge.

Knocks 1, 1, 11.

J. W. — And it is closed, &c. (as in other Degrees).

Knocks 1, 1, 11.

L G.— (Knocks 1, 1, 11.)

Tyler.— (Knocks 1, 1, 11.)

P. Master. — Brethren, nothing now remains but,
according to the ancient custom, to lock up our Secrets in
the safe repository of our hearts, uniting in the act of
fidelity — fidelity — fidelity (Touching his left breast with
his right hand at each of these words).

THE END OF THE MARK MASTEr's DEGREE.

THE

CEREMONY OF EXALTATION

IN THE SUPREME ORDEE OF

CIj£ Polg $trga;I %xc^.

INTKODUCTOEY KEMAEKS.

•:o:-

Beo. How says, " that, originally, the great feature of the
present Eoyal Arch Degree was a concluding section and
completion of the Master Masons'. The loss and recovery
were so arranged as to follow each other in the same
ceremonial. This was undoubtedly the case at the time
of the revival, A.D. 1717.

" The Eoyal Arch Chapter as a separate body, but
under the authority of the Grand Lodge, was established in
London some time prior to 1780, but yet it did not receive
the slightest notice from Peeston in his work of next year,
a fact which would seem to warrant the conclusion that
even then the Eoyal Arch was not in very high repute.
Dr. Ohver, in his ' Origin of the English Eoyal Arch,'
gives it as his opinion that the ' Eoyal Arch' originated
in 1779. A Bro. who had received the Degree was said
to have been * Passed' to the ' Supreme Degree of Excel-
lent E. A. Mason.' The first Book of Constitutions of

78 THE HOLY KOYAL AKCH DEGBEE,

the Eoyal Arch was issued in 1786, by the ' Supreme
Grand Chapter.' The regulations contained in this Book
of Constitutions were agreed to, May 10, 1772, and were, it
is said, drawn up by Bro. Thos. Dunckerly; a man of rare
talents, and a great masonic celebrity of the eighteenth
century. He is said to have been an illegitimate son of
George II. He died at Portsmouth, in November, 1795,
having been honored and esteemed by all who knew him."

In the Original Articles of the Union we find the second
states that "It is declared and pronounced that pure
Antient Masonry consists of three degrees, and no more,
viz., those of the Entered Apprentice, the Fellow-Craft,
and the Master Mason (including the Supreme Order of
the Holy Eoyal Arch). But this article is not intended
to prevent any Lodge or Chapter from holding a meeting
in any of the Degrees of the Orders of Chivalry, according
to the constitutions of the said Orders."

" As before remarked the Eoyal Arch was practiced as
an appendage to the Third Degree for many years after its
introduction.

"At that early period any Lodge convened a Chapter,
and conferred the Eoyal Arch Degree, under the sanction
of its own charter. Gradual steps were taken in process
of time however, which, little by little, separated Capitular
from Lodge Masonry, until distinct warrants were declared
to be necessary to authorize the holding of Chapters ; and
the Order of the Eoyal Arch became, after the lapse of
many years, an independant Eite."

In fact there have been five different Eituals within the
last century. The present one was arranged by the Eev.
Adojn Brown, at the instance of H.E.H. the Duke of
Sussex.

The Eoyal Arch is worked from the tracing boards of
Harris, published under the sanction of the Supreme

THE HOLY KOYAL AKCH DEGREE. 79

Grand Chapter, and its Eitual differs from that in use at
the Union in 1817.

"According to the Constitutions it appears to he prac-
tised as a Fourth Degree, although the Articles of Union
declare it to he a part of the Third. The Sui^reme Grand
Chapter holds, theoretically, the position that ' the Royal
Arch is not essentially a Degree, but rather the perfection
of the Third.' In practice, however, the Degrees differ in
design, in clothing, in constitutions, and in colour, and
the proceedings are regulated by different governing
bodies." Dr. Oliver confesses that this position of the
Degree is both anomalous and at variance with all
the true principles of Masonry, while his own opinion
seems to be that it should be made a part of the Third
Degree {vide Hist. Land., Vol. I., p. 470).

"By the present Constitutions the Supreme Grand Chap-
ter does not require the possession of anything more than
the Master's Degree as a pre-requisite for the Eoyal Arch.
Any Master Mason of twelve months standing si eligible
for the honors of the Eoyal Arch. Neither the Mark,
Past, or Most Excellent Degrees are deemed pre-requisites,
though all of them are conferred to some extent."

Webb says: — "This Degree is more sublime and im-
portant than any which precede it, and is the summit and
perfection of Ancient Masonry. It impresses on our
minds a belief of the being and existence of a Supreme
Deity without beginning of days or end of years, and re-
minds us of the reverence due to his Holy Name. It
also brings to light many essentials of the Craft, which
were, for the space of 470 years, buried in darkness, and
without a knowledge of which the Masonic character can-
not be complete."

"The Master Mason being only in possession of a sub-
stituted word, the object of this Degree is to receive the

80 THE HOLY KOYAL AECH DEGKEE.

lost word, this was recovered in a secret vault beneath the
Temple, which lay undiscovered for nearly five centuries,
and which was brought to light by the Sojourners who
were digging for the foundations of the second Temple.

"A Companion must have attained the rank of Master
of a Lodge before he is eligible for the Third Principals'
Chairs, and he must also have served the office of Scribe
or Sojourner. The other Chairs are only attainable at
intervals of twelve months. These rules, however, are
not enforced in the formation of a new Chapter."

The Badge consists of a Sash and Apron, the former
being radiated with purple and crimson, the Apron being
bordered with the same, the triple Tau being delineated
on both.

The Jewel worn on the left breast, suspended by a
white ribbon (Principals have red), is a double triangle
within a circle of gold, with symbols and inscriptions
engraved upon it.

When he has j)assed the first chair a Companion gets
another Jewel, which is a circle having on it a triangle,
the back centre being a glory of rays, and on the whole
a celestial crown, all gold.

The Officers of a Chapter wear Crimson Collars, to
which are suspended the Jewels of their respective offices.
The three Principals have Sceptres, emblems of the regal,
prophetical, and sacerdotal offices. The kingly robe is
red, the prophetic purple, and the priestly blue. The
other officers wear white robes.

The Companions are arranged in the form of an Arch,
and the newly- exalted companion is figuratively admitted
through an Arch of Masonry.

The present Eitual of the Eoyal Arch in England
differs from that of any other country. Scotland,
Ireland, and the United States of America, although

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 81

not alike approach more the system formerly m use
amongst us.

The Officers of a Chapter (nine in number) consist of —

The First Principal, who represents Zerubbabel, the
Prince of the People ;

The Second Principal, who represents Haggai, the
Prophet ;

The Third Principal, who represents Jeshua, the son of
Josedech, the High Priest ;

These three Principal Officers, or High Chiefs, form the
Key- stone of the Arch.

Two Scribes, who represents Ezra (the senior), whose
duty is that of Secretary ; and the other Nehemiah (the
junior) ; one on each side.

Principal Sojourner and Two Assistants, who form the
base.

And the Janitor, or Tyler, who is the serving Compan-
ion without the door.

The Companions assembled make up the side of the
Arch, and represent the right and left hand pillars of
Solomon's Temple. In the front of the Principals stands
an Altar, on which are the initials of the names of
Solomon, King of Israel; Hiram, King of Tyre; and
Hiram Abiff.

THE

€txtmm^ ai ^mlMian.

-:o:-

[Tbe Candidate liaving been balloted for and approved,
be is prepared tbus : — He is blindfolded, bis knees are
bared, and bis feet slipsbod, witb a Cable-tow round bis
waist ; he is tben conducted by the Junior Scribe to the
door. Four knocks are given by the Janitor, outside
the door of the Chapter.]

N. — There is a report. Most Excellent (making penal
sign).

Z. — See who seeks admission.

N. — Without the door of this Chapter is Bro. A. B.,
who has been regularly initiated into Masonry, passed the
second, and in due time raised to the sublime degree of a
Master Mason, and in that character, during twelve
months and upwards, has made himself proficient therein,
and has been entrusted with a test of merit by which he
seeks admission to this Eoyal Arch Chapter.

THE HOLY EOYAL ARCH DEGREE. 83

Z. — Do you vouch that he is in possession thereof?

N.— I do.

Z. — Then let him be admitted with all due caution, on
fhe five Points of Fellowship.

(The Candidate is then admitted.)

Z. — Masonry being free in all its degrees, I demand of
you, first, whether you now present yourself freely and
voluntarily, uninfluenced by any unworthy motives, to
participate with us the mysteries of this Supreme Degree.

Can. — I do.

Z. — Do you likewise seriously declare, upon your
honour, that if admitted amongst us, you will abide by the
ancient usages and customs of the Order ?

Can. — I will.

Z. — Then let the Candidate kneel, while we implore a
blessing of the Most High. (The High Priest Jeshua ad-
vances, orders him to kneel, and thus prays : —

J. — 0, Almighty and Eternal Lord God, at whose com-
mand the world burst forth from chaos to j)erfection, the
Protector of all who put their trust in Thee, without
whom nothing is strong, nothing holy, we. Thy unworthy
servants, humbly implore Thee to look on this Convoca-
tion assembled in Thy Most Holy Name, and grant that
he who kneels before Thee as a Candidate for the Sacred
Mysteries of this Supreme Degree, may so consider his
present undertaking that he proceed not lightly in it, nor
recede from it dishonourably, but pursue it stedfastly,
ever remembering the object and intent of the Institution,
obedience to Thy Sacred Laws. Grant unto us the know-
ledge of Thy truth, that Thou, being our Euler and Guide,
we may so pass through things temporal, as finally not to
lose the things eternal.

Z. — In whom do you rely for support?

Can. — In the true and living God Most Ili^h.

g2

84 THE HOLY EOYAL AKCH DEGREE.

Z. — Let the Candidate be led round the Chapter and
placed in the West (which is done).

Z. — ^As you seek to be admitted to the mysteries of this
Sublime Degree, I must call on you to advance to the
East and to the Sacred Shrine, and that you will do by
seven steps, thrice hailing and bowing at the third, fifth,
and seventh, for be assured that every step brings you
nearer the ineffable name of the Deity (which is done).

Z. — ^You are now arrived at the Crown of a vaulted
chamber, from which you will remove two of the cope-
stones, and that you will figuratively do by puUing the
cord or life line round your body three times for each
stone.

Z. — Let the Candidate be lowered into the vault, and be
attentive while certain portions of the Scripture be read.

E. then reads Pro. ii., ver. 1 to 9 inclusive, and third
chap., ver. 13 to the 25th inclusive.

Z. — You will now lean forward on your left hand, and
search round with the right.

Can. — It is found.

Z. — What have you found?

Can. — Being deprived of light, I am unable to see.

Z.^Let the want of Hght remind you that man by
nature is the child of ignorance and error, and as such
vould for ever so remain under the darkness and shadow
of death, unless it had pleased the Almighty to call him
to light and immortality, by the revelation of His most
Holy Word and Divine Will ; arise, therefore, and wrench
forth the third cope-stone as before ?

Z. — Let the Candidate be again lowered as before inio
tije vault, and be attentive to another portion of Scriptujie.

E. then read Hag. ii,, ver. 1 to 9 inclusive.

Z. — I now demand of you whether you are prepai!^
mxi willing to ta'ke and enter into a solemn Oligation to

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 85

keep inviolate the Secrets and Mysteries of this our Order
(To which having assented, he kneels on left knee).

OBLIGATION.

I, A. B., in the presence of the Most High, and hefore
this Chapter of the Supreme Order of the Holy Eoyal
Arch of Israel, regularly constituted and properly dedi-
cated, of my own free wiU and accord, do hereby and
hereon most solemnly and sincerely swear that I never
wiU divulge any of the Secrets and Mysteries belonging
to this Supreme Degree denominated the Holy Eoyal Arch
of Israel, to any individual whomsoever, unless it be to a
lawful Companion of the Order, whom I shall find to be
such after due examination, or in the body of a lawfully
constituted Chapter regularly assembled. I furthermore
do promise and swear that I will not dare to pronounce
that Sacred and Mysterious Name of the Most High,
which now for the first time may be communicated to me,
unless it be in the presence of two or more Companions of
the Order, or when acting in open Chapter, as first Princi-
pal, under no less penalty than having , sooner

than I would at any time knowingly or willingly violate
the same, so help me Most High, and keep me firm in this
my 0. B. of a Eoyal Arch Companion (Kisses the Bible
five times).

Z. — In your present state what are you most desirous
of?

Can. — ^Light.

Z. — Let that blessing be restored in the West (which is
performed).

Z. — I wiU thank you to read the Scroll ?

Can. — ^In the beginning God created the Heavens and
the Earth.

Z. — Such, my brethren, are the first words of that

86 THE HOLY EOYAL ARCH DEGREE.

Sacred Volume, wliicli contains the Treasure of God's re-
vealed will and word. Let us therefore praise and
magnify His Holy Name for the knowledge of Himself
which He has vouchsafed unto us, and let us walk in that
light which has shone around us. You may now retire
with the Principal Sojourner, and accompany him
through a ceremony that will inform you how the Sacred
Word was discovered. (The Signs and retires. A report
is heard.)

N. — ^Eises and turning to the Most Excellent says: —
There is a report.

Z. — See who is there?

N. — Partly opens the door, and after ascertaining says
to the Most Excellent. — Without the entrance of the
Chapter are three Master Masons from Babylon.

Z. — Let them be admitted.

Z. — Whence come you?

P. S. — From Babylon.

Z. — And your request?

P. S. — Having heard that you are about to re- build the
Temple of the Lord Grod of Israel, we have come up to
sojourn amongst you, and to offer our services in that
great and glorious undertaking.

Z. — Before we can accept your services, we must in-
form you that on no account can strangers be permitted
to assist in that most holy work; I demand more fully
who you are?

P. S.— Brethren of your tribes and famihes.

Z. — ^But are you descended from those who basely fled
when the Holy City and Temple were oppressed, or of
that menial tribe left behind to till the land by the
Babylonians ?

p. s. — .^e would scorn to be descended from those who
fled when the Temple and the Holy City were oppressed;

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 87

neither are we of that menial tribe left behind to till the
land by the Babylonians, but we are nobly born, and, like
yourselves, descended from a race of Patriarchs and
Kings. Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob were our forefathers,
Most Excellent ; we are descended from the Princes and
Rulers of Judah, who, for their sins and those of their
forefathers, were led into captivity with their King Je-
hoiachin by Nebuzaradan, captain of the guard of Nebu-
chadnezzar, King of Babylon, where we were to remain
for seventy years, as foretold by the prophet Jeremiah,
and then return to our native land and there dwell, our
captivity having expired. In the first year of the reign of
Cyrus, King of Persia, when it pleased the Almighty to
inspire the mind of that young Prince to issue a procla-
mation, saying, "All the kingdoms of the earth hath the
Lord God of Israel given me, and hath commanded me to
build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judea,
who are there amongst you of all His people, the Lord
his God be with him, let him go up ?" We eagerly availed
ourselves of this permission ; and we are come up accor-
dingly to offer our assistance in re-building the Temple of
the Lord God, who hath promised by the mouth of His
Prophet to establish there His name for ever, and give
peace to the whole earth.

Z. — We congratulate you on your noble ancestry, and
recognize you as brethren of our tribes and families; it
remains for us to inquire in what department of the build-
ing you seek to be employed.

P. S. — Any to which your Excellency may appoint.

Z. — Your humility is an indication of your merit; and
we doubt not of your being qualified for offices of impor-
tance, but from the lateness of your application, as they
are ah'eady filled, we therefore appoint you to prepare for
the foundation of the Most Holy Place ; for which purpose

88 THE HOLY BOYAL ARCH DEGREE.

you will be furnished with the requisite implements,
strictly enjoining that should you discover any relics of
the ancient structure, you will communicate it to none,
but immediately report it to us sitting in council.

P. S. — ^We cheerfully accept the trust reposed in us,
and will endeavour to evince our gratitude by our zeal
and fidelity.

Z. — Go ; and may the God of your fathers be with you
and prosper your work. (They retire. A report is given,
when Nehemiah having ascertained the c^use, makes the
following address) : —

N. — Most Excellent, wiihout the door are three Master
Masons, who have made a discovery which they are
anxious to impart.

Z. — Let them be admitted.

Z. — We understand you have made a discovery.

P. S. — Early this morning, on resuming our labour, we
discovered a pair of pillars of exquisite workmanship ; pro-
ceeding onwards we discovered six other pairs of equal
beauty, and from their position appeared to us to have
supported the roof of a subterranean passage communica-
ting with the Most Holy Place ; our progress being then
obstructed by the fragments of the former structure, and
having cleared them away, we arrived at what at first had
the appearance of a solid rock, but accidentally striking it
with the crow-bar I remarked a hollow sound, I therefore
hailed my companions, who, with the pickaxe loosened the
earth for some distance, which my companions with a
spade cleared away, when we perceived that instead of a
8ohd rock there was a series of stones in the form of a
dome. Aware who was the Architect of the former struc-
ture, and that no part of it had been constructed in vain,
we determined to examine it, and for which purpose we
removed two of the cope-stones, when a vault of consider-

THE HOLY KOYAIi AECH DEGREE. 89

able magnitude appeared to view, and we determined on a
descent, all being desirous, we cast lots wlio should; the
lot, Most Excellent, fell on me, and lest any noxious
vapours or other causes should render my position unsafe,
my companions fastened this cord or life-line round my
waist, by which they could lower me into the vault or
raise me out according to the signal I gave to my right
or left hand companion. In this manner I descended
through the aperture which we had made, and on arriving
at the bottom I gave the agreed on signal, and my com-
panions gave me more line, which enabled me to encom-
pass the vault, and I felt something in the form of a
pedestal of a column, and could also feel certain characters
thereon, but for the want of light I was unable to discover
what they were ; I also laid hold of this Scroll, but from
the same cause I was unable to read its contents, I there-
fore gave another preconcerted signal and was drawn up,
and on arriving in the Hght of day we discovered from the
first sentence of the scroll that it contained the Volume of
the Most Holy Law, which had been promulgated by our
Grand Master Mason at the foot of Mount Sinai. This
precious treasure stimulated our exertions still further;
we increased the aperture by the removal of other stones,
and I again descended into the vaulted chamber. The
sun had now gained its altitude, and darted its rays of
light more immediately into the aperture, and I then per-
ceived a pedestal of pure virgin marble in the form of an
altar of incense — that of a double cube; on the front
thereof was engraven the names of the three Grand
Masters who presided over the Sacred Lodge, and certain
mystic characters engraved on its phnth, whilst a veil
covered the face of the altar. Approaching with reve-
rential awe I lifted the veil and beheld what I humbly
conceived to be the Sacred Word itself: having made this

90 THE HOLY EOYAL AECH DEGREE.

discovery I replaced the veil on the sacred pedestal, and
was again raised out of the vaulted chamber, and with
their assistance closed the entrance, and I am now come
to report to your Excellency.

Z. — Give us the word you discovered.

P. S. — That, Most Excellent, we would wish to decline,
for we have heard with our ears, and our forefathers have
declared unto us, that in their days, and in the old time
before them, that it was not lawful for any but the High
Priest to mention the name of the living God, nor him but
once in every year, when he entered the Holy of Holies,
and stood before the Ark of the Covenant, to make pro-
pitiation for the sins of Israel.

Z. — We commend your pious caution, and will commis-
sion certain of our companions to examine and report to
us the extent of your discovery.

(The Sojourners now retire to the extremity of the
Chapter with Ezra and Nehemiah, and on their return,
after unveiling the pedestal, they, Ezra and Nehemiah,
address the Most Excellent and say, " It is correct.")

Z. — Companions Ezra and Nehemiah divest them of the
implements of labour, clothe them with the robes of
innocence and truth, and instruct them to advance to-
wards us.

(They are now clothed in white, and, advancing, bow at
every step, shewing the Eeverential Sign when in front of
the Principals.)

Z. — It is my duty to inform you that the Grand and
Holy Chapter of Koyal Arch Masons of Israel, in recom-
pense for your zeal and fidelity, now call on you to the
rank held by your great and illustrious ancestors. I first
present you with this Jewel, the Square, in token of our
esteem and approbation.

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 91

H. — And I present you with this 'Kibbon, the Badge of
our Order.

J. — And I present you this Staff, to be borne by you as
a sceptre, denoting power and royalty, which you will be
ever entitled to bear, unless seventy-two of your elders be
present, and we hereby constitute you princes and rulers ;
and to ennoble you yet more, receive you as Companions
of this august Assembly or Council, and if we find you
faithful to your trust, will admit you, by regular grada-
tions, to the full participation of our Mysteries.

P. S. — Thus invited and entrusted by your Excellencies,
and this grand Assembly, we will endeavour to evince our
integrity and zeal by a regular discharge of the duties of
our exalted station.

— :o:-

ADDRESS OF THE THIRD CHAIR.

J. — There are three epochs in Masonry which pecuHarly
merit your attention : The History of the First, or Holy
Lodge; the Second, or Sacred Lodge; and the Third, or
Grand and Royal Lodge. The First, or Holy Lodge, was
opened Anno Lucas, 2415, two years after the departure
of the Children of Israel from their Egyptian bondage, by
Moses, Ahohab, and Bezaliel, on consecrated ground, at
the foot of Mount Horeb, in the Wilderness of Sinai,
where the host of Israel pitched their tents and assembled
to offer up their prayers and thanksgivings for their signal
dehverance from the hands of the Egyptians. In this
place the Almighty had revealed himself before to His
faithful servant, Moses, when He commissioned him His

92 THE HOLY ROYAL AECH DEGREE.

high Ambassador of wrath against Pharaoh and his
people, and of freedom and salvation to the house of
Jacob. Here were delivered the forms of those mysterious
prototypes, the Tabernacle and the Ark of the Covenant ;
here were also dehvered the Sacred Law, engraven by the
hands of the Most High, with those subhme and compre-
hensive precepts of rehgious and moral duty, and here
also were dictated by His unerring wisdom, those peculiar
forms of a rehgious and civil polity which, by separating
His favourite people from all other nations, consecrated
Israel a chosen people for His service ; for these reasons
we denominate this the First, or Holy Lodge.

— :o:-

SECOND, OE SACEED LODGE.

J. — Solomon, King of Israel, Hiram, King of Tyre, and
Hiram Abiff, presided over the Second or Sacred Lodge,
opened Anno Lucas 2992, in the bosom of the holy Mount
Moriah, under the very centre of the place where the
solemn Sanhedrim was afterwards erected. On this con-
secrated spot Abraham proved his constructive faith by
leading his only and beloved son a destined victim on the
altar of his God. Here, on the thrashing floor of
Araunah, the Jebusite, David offered the mediatorial
sacrifice by which the plague was stayed; and here he
received in a vision the plan of that glorious temple which
was afterwards completed by his illustrious son; and in
this place had God declared he would establish his Most
Holy Name ; therefore we distinguish this the Sacred, or
Second Lodge.

THE HOLY KOYAL ARCH DEGREE. 9S

THIED, OR GRAND AND ROYAL LODGE.
J. — The Grand and Royal Arch Lodge was holden at
Jferusalem, and opened Anno Lucas 3469, after the return
of the Israehtes from captivity, under Zerubbabel, the
Prince of the people, Haggai the prophet, and Jeshua the
son of Josedech, the High Priest. Now it was that tbe
kingly power was restored, in the person of Zerubbabel, to
the royal line of David, and princely tribe of Judah; nor
was there again any vestige effaced until the destruction
of Jerusalem by the Romans, under Titus, in the seven-
tieth year of the Christian era, thereby verifying the pre-
diction of Judah, in Egypt, ** that the sceptre should not
depart from Judah, nor a lawgiver from beneath his feet,
until Shiloh came to commemorate this restoration." It
is called the Third, or Grand, and Royal Lodge, and the
nesemblance in the Chapter before us represent those great
originals that are in every regular Royal Arch Chapter.
We acknowledge the representation of the Grand, and
Royal Lodge at Jerusalem, in the persons of the three
principals Zerubbabel, Haggai, and Jeshua, whose names
they also bear; the two Scribes represent Ezra and Nehe-
miah, the expounders of the Sacred Law, and the atten-
dants on the august Sanhedrim, by whose names they alao
are designated. Yourselves (addressing the three So-
journers) represent the faithful Sojourners by whom the
secrets of the Royal Arch were discovered, and for which
they were honoured with a seat in the august assembly,
CQjnposed of the rulers and elders of the people, repBe-
secijted by the rest of the Companions now present.

SECOND CHAIR.

H. — Companion, when you were initiated in Masonry
you were informed there were three degrees, the Entered
Afjorentice, Fellow Craft, and Master Mason, and tjjat

94 THE HOLY EOYAL ARCH DEGREE.

the secrets entrusted to your care were not the genuine
ones, those having been lost by the untimely death of our
Master Hiram Abiff, prince of architects, and in the belief
that they were lost for ever King Solomon ordered that
those secrets which had been discovered (or rather made
use of) by the brothers sent to find and raise the body of
our Master Hiram should henceforth be adopted as the
substituted secrets of the Master Mason's degree. The
Supreme Degree to which you have been admitted this
day is the real Master Mason's degree, and the secrets
supposed as irrecoverably lost by the death of our Master
Hiram Abiff, discovered in the manner before related to
you, are the real secrets of a Master Mason before the
assassination of Hiram Abiff.

SYMBOLIC EXPLANATION.

H. (continues. — The forms, symbols, and ornaments of
Boyal Arch Masonry, as well as the rites and ceremonies
at present in use amongst us, were adopted by our pre-
decessors at the building of the second Temple, as well to
preserve in our minds the providential means by which
the grand discovery was effected, as in our hearts the
lessons of that exalted morahty which, as members of this
supreme Degree, we are bound to practise. The form in
which the Companions of every Eoyal Arch Chapter are
arranged approach as near as circumstances will admit to
that of the true catenarian arch. Thus we preserve the
memorial of the vaulted shrine, in which the sacred word
was deposited, which form the impenetrable nature of the
strongest of all architectural forms, we learn the necessity
of guarding our mysteries from profanation by the most
inviolable secrecy. It also strongly typifies that ad-
herence to order, and the spirit of fraternal union that has
given energy and permanency to the constitutions of

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 95

Masonry, enabling it to survive the wreck of mighty
empires, and resist the destroying hand of time. And as
the subordinate members of the catenarian arch naturally
gravitate to the centre, or key- stone, which compress or
cement the whole structure, so are we taught to look up
with reverence, and submit with cheerfulness, to every
lawfully constituted authority, whether Masonic or civil
regulation. The cope-stones are represented by the three
principals of the Chapter, for as the knowledge of the
Secrets contained in the Vaulted Chamber could only be
obtained by drawing forth the three first of a series of
stones, therefore the complete knowledge of this Supreme
Order can only be obtained by passing through those
several offices. In this degree we acknowledge six Lights ;
the three lesser together represent the light of the Law ftnd
the Prophets, and by their number allude to the Patri-
archal, Mosaical, and Prophetical dispensations, the three
greater representing the Sacred Word itself; these lights
are placed in the form of an equilateral triangle, each of
the lesser intersecting the line formed by two of the
greater, thus geometrically dividing the greater triangle
into three lesser triangles in the centre, all of them equal
and equilateral. This symbolic arrangement corresponds
to the mysterious T. H., or Triple Tau, which forms two
right angles on each of the exterior lines, and two others
at their centre, by their union, for the three angles of each
triangle are equal to two right angles. This illustrates
the Jewel worn by the Companions of the Order, which
forms, by its intersections, a given number of angles.
These may be taken in five several combinations, and
when reduced into their amount in right angles, will be
found equal to the five platonic bodies which represent the
four elements and the sphere of the universe. The Kibbon
T^orn by the companions of the order is a sacred emblem,

96 THE HOLY E0Y4L AECH DEGBEE.

denoting Light, being composed of two different or prin-
cipal colours, purple, radiated with crimson, with which
the veil of the Temple was also interwoven ; the same is
further signified by its irradiated form, and in both these
respects it has ever been considered as an emblem of royal
power and dignity. The Ensigns which the Companions
bear on their staves were the distinguished bearings of the
Twelve Tribes of Israel, and figuratively of the pecuHar
blessings bequeathed to each by the patriarch Jacob, who,
before his death, assembled them together for that pur-
pose, as we find recorded in the 49th chap, of Genesis.
The principal Banners are the standards of the leading
tribes of the four divisions of the army of Israel, and,
unitedly, bear a device of an angehc nature, under the
combined figures of a Man, a Lion, an Ox, and an Eagle.
A Man to represent integrity and understanding, a Lion
to personify strength and power, an Ox to denote the
ministration of patience and assiduity, and an Eagle to
display the promptness and celerity with which the wiU
and pleasure of the Creator are ever executed. A detail
of the tribes attached to each division, and names of their
Commanders, will be found in the Second chap, of Num-
bers. The bearings of the Sceptres denote the regal, pro-
phetical, and sacerdotal offices, which are now, and still
ought to be, conferred in a peculiar manner, and accom-
panied with the possession of particular Secrets. The
Bible, Compasses, and Square, are considered as appio-
priate emblems of the three Grand Masters who founded
the first Temple. The Bible denotes the wisdom of Kii^
Solomon. The Square, the power of Hiram of Tyre, and
the Compasses the exquisite skill of Hiram Abiff. Birt
the truly speculative Mason regards them as the mjfi-
terious symbols of the wisdom, truth, and justice of iJliB
Meet High. His wisdom is most amply exempHfied in

THE HOLY EOYAL AKCH DEGKEE. 97

the Sacred Word which contains the records of His
mighty acts, and the treasure of His revealed will. His
truth is as justly represented by the Square, it being the
acknowledged symbol of strength, and the criterion of
perfection ; and His impartial and unerring justice, which
has accurately defined the limits of good and evil, assign-
ing to each its due proportion of pleasure and pain, and is
elucidated by the Compasses, which alone enables us to
ascertain the limits of all geometrical forms, and to reduce
our ideas of proportion or equality to a certain standard.
The Sword and Trowel are adopted by Koyal Arch Masons
to commemorate the valour of those worthy Masons, who
carried on the building of the second Temple, with a
Trowel in their hands, and a Sword by their sides, that
they might be ever ready to defend the Holy City and
Sanctuary, against the unprovoked attacks of their
enemies, by which they have left a sacred and impressive
lesson to succeeding ages, that, next to obedience due to
lawful authority, is a manly and determined resistance to
lawless violence, the first step to social duties. The Pick-
axe, Crow-bar, and Shovel were the first implements used
by the Sojourners to clear away the foundation of the
second Temple — the Pick- axe to loosen the earth, the
Crow-bar to take purchases, and the Shovel to clear away
the rubbish. These we spiritualize thus : the sound of
the stroke of the Pick-axe reminds us of the sound of the
last trumpet, when the graves shall be shaken, opened,
and deliver up their dead. The Crow-bar being an
emblem of uprightness, represents the erect manner in
which the body shall arise on that awful day to meet its
tremendous but merciful Judge. The mortal state in
which the body is laid in the grave, is powerfully im-
pressed on our minds by the work of the Shovel, so that
"when the rubbish of the body shall be properly disposed

98 THE HOLY KOYAL ARCH DEGREE.

of, we, with confidence, hope the Spirit will arise into im-
mortal and eternal life.

PRAYER GIVEN BY THE gECOND CHAIR IN CONCLUSION.

Supreme and incomprehensible I AM, may the
sincerity of our feeble exertions meet with Thy Divine
approba^tion, and may our endeavours to disseminate the
knowledge and light of Thy most Holy Word, be crowned
with success through Thy all powerful protection. .

MYSTIC EXPLANATION GIVEN BY THE FIRST CHAIR.

Z. — The mystic knowledge of this Degree comprehends
the form and explanation of the Sacred Secrets, the nature
and import of the Holy Word, and the traditional cere-
mony used in sharing and communicating our Secrets in
Eoyal Arch Masonry. There are five Secrets correspon-
ding in number to the five Points of Fellowship, in which
the Master Mason is instructed, and as those point out to
us the relative duties we owe to each other, so do the
Secrets of a Eoyal Arch Mason mark, in a peculiar man-
ner, the relation we bear to the Almighty, as creatures
offending against His power,- yet the adopted, children of
His mercy.

Now follow the five Secrets, viz. : —

THE FIRST OR PENAL SIGN.

Z. — The Penal Sign marks our O.B., and is given

thus , and reminds us of the fall of Adam, and the

dreadful penalty entailed by all his sinful posterity, no less
than death, intimated by the action itself, that the stiff
neck of the disobedient shall be cut off from the land of
the living by the judgment of God, even as the head is
severed from the body by the sword of human justice, to
avert which we are taught by the —

THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE. 99

SECOND REVERENTIAL, OR HAILING SIGN, GIVEN THUS

wliicli teaches us to bend "witli submissive resignation
beneath the chastening hand of the Almighty, and at
the same time to engraft His law in our hearts. In this
expressive form did the Father of the human race first
present himself before the Most High to receive the
denunciation of His just and terrible judgment. It was
also adopted by our Grand Master Moses, when the Lord
appeared to him in the burning bush ; Moses covered his
face from brightness of the Divine presence, and laid his
hand on his heart, in token of obedience and salutation,
which was afterwards accounted to him for righteousness.

THE THIRD PENITENTIAL, OR SUPPLICATORY SIGN, GIVEN

THUS

may be considered as the parent of the Eeverential or
Hailing Sign. It justly denotes that frame of mind and
heart, without which our prayers and oblations of praise
would not obtain acceptance at the throne of grace, before
which how should a frail and erring creature of the dust
present himself unless with bended knees and uplifted
hands, betokening at once his humility and dependance?
In this humble posture did Adam kneel to God and bless
the Author of his being. Thus did he bend with contrite
awe before the face of his offended Judge, to avert His
wrath, and concihate His mercy, and has transmitted the
sacred form to his posterity for ever.

THE FOURTH MONITORIAL, OR SIGN OF SUFFERING, GIVEN

THUS

reminds us of the weakness of human nature, unable of
itself to resist the powers of darkness, unless aided by that
help which is from above. By this defenceless posture we
acknowledge our own frailty, and confess that we can do

. h2

100 THE HOLY ROYAL AECH DEGREE.

no good or acceptable service but through Him, from whom
all good counsels and just works proceed, and without
whose Divine and special favour we must ever be found
unprofitable servants in His sight ; therefore, adopting the
manner of our ancestors and atoning priests by this form
of contrition and humility.

THE FIFTH FIDUCIAL, OR FAITH AND HOPE SIGN, GIVEN

THUS

as if we would postrate ourselves on the face of the earth f
we must thus throw ourselves upon the mercy of our
Creator and our Judge, looking forward witli confidence to
His gracious premises, by which alone we hope to pass
through the Ark of our redemption in the presence of Him
who is the great I. A.M., the Alpha and Omega, the
beginning and the ending.

Z. — On the front of the pedestal are engraven the names
of the three Grand Masters who presided over the building
of the former Temple, viz.: — Solomon King of Israel,
Hiram King of Tyre, and Hiram Abiff, and are meant to
perpetuate the erection of the former Temple. There i^
likewise a triple Tau, or letter T, a mark or character
afiixed to the summons of Eoyal Arch Masons when sum-
moned on other than usual occasions. The triple Tau is
translated from the Hebrew, a mark or sign spoken of by
Ezekiel, when he said to the man with the inkhorn, " Go
thy way through the midst of the city of Jerusalem, and
set a mark on all those who sigh and lament for the
abomination thereof." By which mark they were saved
from among those who were slain for their idolatory by
the wrathful displeasure of the Most High. In ancient
times the mark was placed on the forehead of all those
"vyho were acquitted by their judges, as a proof of their
innocence; and military commanders caused a T to be
placed on all those who had escaped unhurt from the field

THE HOLY EOYAL ARCH DEGREE. 101

of battle, denoting that they were in perfect life ; it has,
therefore, ever been considered the mark of life. The
union of the three T's, or Triple Tau, allude to the grand
tri-union of the Deity, by whom the horrific, gloomy, and
unshapen chaos was changed into form and existence.

Z. (continues). — The word you observe on the Triangle,
is the sacred word which you have promised and sworn
never to divulge, unless with the assistance of three or
more Eoyal Arch Masons lawfully congregated, con-
stituted, and dedicated, which, as principal of this Chap-
ter, I am authorised to pronounce. It is in itself a com-
pound word, and its combination forms the word J. B.
0., the Chaldean name of God, J. or Jah, signifying His
essence of Majesty incomprehensible, it is also a Hebrew
word, signifying I Am, and shall be, thereby expressing
the actual future and eternal existence of the Most High.
B. is an Assyrian word signifying Lord, or powerful; it is
also a compound word, from the proposition Beth, which
signifies in, or an heaven, or on high ; therefore this word
means Lord in heaven, or on high. 0. is an Egyptian
word, signifying " Father of All," it is also an Hebrew
word, implying strength and power, and expressive of the
Omnipotence of the Father of all; taking each together
will read this — I Am, and shall be Lord in heaven,
Father of all, in every age, in every clime, adored by
savage and by sage. Jehovah, Jove, or Lord. The word
on the Cube is the grand, awful, tremendous, and incom-
prehensible name of the Most High, signifying I Am, the
beginning, and the ending, which was, and is to come, the
actual future, and all-suf&cient God, who alone has His
living in, and of himself, and gives to all others their
being; that He was, and shall be both what He was, and
wiiat He is, from everlasting to everlasting, all the crea-
tion being dependent on His mighty will. The Cube

102 THE HOLT ROYAL AKCH DEGREE.

typifies the Omnipotent and Almighty Author of the uni-
verse, having neither beginning nor ending; it also calls
to our remembrance the grand and awful hereafter, or
futurity, where we hope to enjoy endless bhss and ever-
lasting life. The characters which are" placed on each
angle of the Cube are Hebrew, and particularly worthy of
your attention. The Aleph, answering to our A; the
Beth, to our B ; and the Lamed to our L ; take the Aleph
and the Beth, and they form the word "A. B.," meaning
"Father;" take the Aleph and the Lamed, the word A.L.,
which means "Word;" take the Lamed — the Aleph — and
the Beth, they form the word L.A.B., meaning Spirit;
take the Beth — Aleph — and Lamed — the word B.A.L.,
meaning Lord; take each angle of the triangle, they will
form the following sentences — "Father Lord," "Word
Lord," " Spirit Lord." The Tau was, in the days of
Pythagoras, esteemed as the most sacred of all emblems,
and when any oath of more than usual import was to be
administered, it was given on the Tau, and when so
administered none ever were known to have violated it.
The ancient Egyptians called it the sacred number — three
or number of perfection, and was an object of worship
amongst the ancients as the grand principle of animated
existence, and they gave it the name of " God," represent-
ing the animal, vegetable, and mineral creation; it was
also called "Avolet," that is to say, the Soul of Nature.
The Sacred Tau is usually placed in the midst of squares
and circles, indicating the vivifying principles, extending
its ramifications throughout all created matter; it is
therefore denominated the Great All, or Summum Bonum.

— :o: —

THE CLIMAX OF EOYAL AKCH MASONRY.
This sublime degree is the climax of Masonry, and is

THE HOLY KOYAL ARCH DEGREE. 103

intimately blended with all that is near and dear to us in
another state of existence — our divine and human affairs
are so interwoven, so awfully, and so minutely in all its
disquisitions ; it has virtue for its aim, the glory of God its
object, and the eternal welfare of man is considered in
every point or letter of its ineffable Mysteries. Suffice it
to say, that this Degree is founded on the name of
Jehovah, who was from all eternity, is now, and shall be,
one and the same for ever, the being naturally existing of,
and from himself, all actual perfection originally in His
essence. This sublime Degree inspires its members with
the most exalted ideas of God, and leads to the exercise of
the most pure and sublime piety, a reverence for the in-
comprehensible Jehovah, the Eternal Euler of the Uni-
verse— the element of life, the primordial source of all its
principles, the very spring and fountain of aU its virtues.

■:o: —

PASSING THE VEILS.

(This ceremony is sometimes dispensed with.)

THE CANDIDATE IS PREPARED AS BEFORE.

The three Sojourners act as the guardians of the three
Veils. Junior Scribe conducts the candidate, four knocks
are given at the door of the First Veil, which is duly
opened, and the Candidate is admitted by giving the Past
Masters' Sign and Word, the word is G — signifying — — .
He is conducted while Ezra reads the 3rd chap, of
Exodus, ver. 1 to 6 inclusive, also ver. 13 and 14 of ditto.
The Most Excellent informs the Candidate that the Pass
Words from the First to the Second Veil are . He is

104 THE HOLY ROYAL ARCH DEGREE.

then led to the Second Veil and examined by the Guard,
who demands the Pass Word, which he gives. He enters
the Second Veil, in which is the figure of a Serpent and
Aaron's rod. Ezra then reads Exodus 4, ver. 1 to 5 in-
clusive. The Candidate is then desired to pick up the
B — cast down before him, this act is the Sign of th^
Second Veil, and the Pass Words are M — A — and E — ;
with these words he passes the Guard of the Third Veil.
Ezra then reads Exodus 4, ver. 6 to 9 ; the L. H. and P.
0. 0. W. are the signs of the Third Veil, and the Pass
Words to the Sanctum Sanctorum are H. T. T. L. He
is then shewn the Ark of the Covenant which contains the
tables of stone, the pot of manna, the table of shew bread,
the burning incense, and the candlestick with seven
branches, after which he is withdrawn to enter as a So-
journer.

— :o:-

TO CLOSE THE CHAPTEK.

The Most Excellent knocks to order, and asks if there
is anything to offer for the benefit of the Chapter. • After
ascertaining there is not, he again knocks to order, and
finishes by saying.

As we three do agree,

In Peace, Love, and Unity,

The Sacred Word to keep,
So we three do agree.
In Peace, Love, and Unity,

The Sacred Word to keep,
Until we three.
Or such as we shall agree

This Eoyal Arch Chapter to open.

THE HOLY EOYAIi AKCH DEGEEE. 105

which is repeated by the Companions. He then gives one
knock with his Sceptre, which is followed by one each by
Haggai and Jeshua. The Most Excellent then gives an-
other knock, making together four, and says to the Prin-
cipal Sojourners, " The labours of the evening being
ended, you have my commands to close the Chapter."
P.S. — In the name of the Most High and by command of
the Most Excelletit I close the Chapter until, etc. (Each
Companion salutes the Volume of the Sacred Law, ending
with the Most Excellent Zerubbabel.) One of the Past
Zerubbabels comes forward and says, ** Nothing remains,

etc," the same as in Craft Masonry, repeating

" Fidelity" four times.

— ;o:-

CHAEGE

GIVEN WHEN THE CHAPTEE IS CLOSED BEFOEE THE COMPAN-
IONS HAVE SEPAEATED.

Z. — You are about to quit the sacred retreat of peace
and friendship, and to mix with the world, amidst all its
cares and employments ; forget not the sacred duties that
have been so frequently inculcated, and so strongly recom-
mended in this supreme convocation, be ye therefore dis-
creet, prudent, and temperate; remember also that
around this Altar you have voluntarily and solemnly
vowed to befriend and relieve with unhesitating cordiahty
every Brother that shall need your assistance ; that you
have promised to remind him in the most gentle manner
of his faihngs, and to aid his reformation — to defend and
vindicate his character whenever wrongfully traduced, and
to suggest the 'most candid, the most paUiating, and the

106 THE HOLY KOYAL ABCH DEGKEE.

most favourable circumstances, even when it is justly
liable to reprehension and blame, thus shall the world see
how dearly Masons love each other. But, my Brethren
and Companions, you are to extend those noble and
generous sentiments still farther; let me impress on your
minds, and let it be instilled into your hearts, that every
human being has en undoubted claim to your kind offices ;
we therefore strictly enjoin you to do good* to all, while we
more particularly recommend to your care the household
of the faithful — that by diligence and fidelity in the duties
of your respective vocations, liberal benevolence and di-
ffusive charity; constancy and sincerity in your friend-
ship; uniform, kind, just, amiable, and virtuous in your
deportment, you will prove to the world the happy and
beneficent effects of our ancient and honourable institu-
tion. Let it not be said that you laboured in vain and
wasted your strength for nought — for your work is before
the Lord, and your recompense is with your God.
Finally, Brethren and Companions, be all of one mind,
live in peace, and may the God of love and mercy delight
to dwell amongst you, and bless you for evermore.

THE END OF THE CEKEMONY OF EXALTATION IN THE
HOLY KOYAL ARCH.

THE

IMPERIAL, ECCLESIASTICAL, AND MILITARY ORDER OF KNIGHTS

OF THE
AND

uPei^ect Pi^nce Mason."

INTEODUCTOEY EEMAEKS.

•:o:"

We are indebted to the Book of the Statutes of this De-
gree for the following account of its Origin.

"After the memorable battle fought at Saxa Eubra
on the 28th October, A.D. 312 (vide 'Life of Constantine'
by Eusebius), the Emperor sent for the chiefs of the Xtian
legion and — we now quote the words of an old ritual — ' in
presence of his other officers constituted them into an Order
of Knighthood, and appointed them to wear the form of the
Cross he had seen in the heavens upon their shields, with
the motto 'In hoc signo vinces' round it, surrounded
with clouds ; and peace being soon after made he became
the Sovereign Patron of the Xtian Order of the Eed
Cross.' It is also said that this Cross, together with a
device called the Labarum, was ordered to be embroidered
upon all the imperial standards. The Labarum consists
of the two first letters of Christos, in Greek characters,
placed so as to form a Cross. These Xtian warriors were
selected to compose the body guard of Constantine, and
the command of these privileged soldiers was confided to

110 THE BED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

Eusebius, bisliop of Nicomedia, who was thus considered
the second officer of the Order, After the death of Con-
stantine, and the division of the Empire, the Order is said
to have flourished, more especially under the reigns of the
Emperors Marcian and Leo I., but considerable obscurity
envelopes its history until the year 1190, when it Was re-
vived by the Emx3eror Isaac Angelus Commenus on a scale
of increased splendour. From this period down to 1699
the Grand Mastership was vested in the Commenian
family, who were considered to be the lineal descendants
of Const antine, and on the resignation of that dignity by
Andrew Angelus Flavins Commenus, titular Prince of
Macedonia and Duke of Drivasto, he pretended to assign
his heriditary rights to Francis Farnese, the then reigning
Duke of Parma. The Grand Crosses of the Order, one of
whom was the Abbe' Giuistiniani, continued however to
exercise their undoubted privilege of conferring the Red
Cross upon worthy men; and we are in all probability
indebted to the learned Abbe', who was long attached to
the Venetian Embassy in London for the existence of the
Order in England ^vide memoirs of Abbe' Giuistiniani).
It is beyond dispute that the members of the English
branch during the 18th century were men of high position
in society, anajofemiitence in the Masonic Order; though,
like the Knights Templar, we are unable to say positively
fiii.C- t^iyhnn tbrr Orrlrr was restricted to Freemasons." In the
Eoll of the Order in 1788 several distinguished Free-
masons' names appears, and in 1796 Lord Eancliffe,
Grand Master of the Knight Templars, was at the same
time head of the Red Cross.

In 1808 the present Constitution and Laws were

< confirmed, and the first High Council, Grand Council, or

Vt-|. |y,^ 4 Grand Chapter, for all these titles are used to designate

"^^^j^^^ the ruling body, was elected. The legality of working it

THE KED CEOSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. Ill

in connection with Freemasonry, we learn also fiom the
Book of the Statutes, "is based on the 2nd Article in the
bond of union between the two Grand Lodges of the Craft
in 1813, at which period the Eed Cross Order was a
flourishing body, and enjoyed the hearty support of
H.E.H. the Duke of Sussex." The 2nd Article says, '^it
is declared and pronounced that pure and ancient Masonry
consists of three degrees and no more; viz., these of ohe
Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master
Mason, includi ag the Supreme Order of the Holy Eoyal
Arch. But this Article is not intended to prevent any
Lodge or Chapter from holding a meeting in any of the
Degrees of the Orders of Chivalry, according to the Con-
stitutions of the said Orders." Now at that period the
Knights Templar and the Knights of the Eed Cross and
K. H. S. were the only organized Chivalric Orders existing
^'n England, and consequently the above permissive clause
applies solely to their members."

The Order appears to have languished for some years
between the date of 1837 to 1865, when the Grand Council
was again reconstituted, and since this revival the Order
has made a most rapid and uninterrupted progress. The
principles of the Order are Faith, Unity, and Zeal, a firm
behef in the New Covenant, Fraternal Union, and the
advantages of Zeal in every good cause.

Any M. M. may take this Degree, whereas a member of
the Knight Templar Degree must be a E. A. Mason.

The Grand Imperial Council consist of the following
Officers, viz: —

1. Most Illustrious Grand Sovereign.

2. Most Eminent Grand Viceroy Eusebius.

3. Very Illustrious Grand Senior General.

4. do. Grand Junior General.

5. do. Grand High Prelate.

112 THE EED CKOSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE,

6. Dlustrious Grand High Chancellor.

Grand Treasurer.

Grand Kecorder.

Grand High Almoner.

Grand Chamberlain.

Grand Architect.

Grand Marshall.

Grand Orator.
A Complete Conclave of the Order consists of —

7.

do.

8.

do.

9.

do.

10.

do.

11.

do.

12.

do.

13.

do.

1. A Sovereign, as Con-
stantino.

2. A Viceroy, as Eusebius.
3 and 4. Generals.

5. High Prelate.

6. Treasurer.

7. Eecorder.

8. Prefect.

9. Standard Bearer.

10. Herald.

11. Sentinel.

12. Attendant.

i

The Eitual consists of Three Grades, viz.:-

>-t.>

^^^-^ t^J^~^i^^

c-C

EITUAL OF THE DEGEEE

OF THE
AND

PERFECT PRINCE MASON.

:o:-

FIEST GEADE.

FORM OF OPENING.

The Officers take their seats, and the M. P. Sovereign
thus addresses his Deputy : —

Venerable Bro. Eusebius, what hour is it?

Eus.— The hour of a Perfect Knight Mason.

Sov.— What is the hour of a Perfect Knight Mason ?

Eus.— The dawn of day: The sun is rising in the
heavens, and I behold the Sif^n.

Sov. — What is the Sign ?

Eus.— A Cross, the symbol of our faith, inscribed with
the initials of the mystic words.

114 THE-EED CROSS OP ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

Sov. — Brethren, since the day is dawning, and our
Bro. sees the Sign, it is time to commence our labours.
(Sov. Knocks once with his Sceptre, and is answered by
Eusebius.)

Sov. — Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, assist me to
resume the duties of this Grand Christian Conchive.

Eus. — To order, Companions, as Knights of the Bed
Cross of Eome and Constantine.

(All rise, draw their Swords, resting the points on the
palms of their left hands.)

Sov. — Eminent Sir linight Eusebius, what is the first
duty of the Companions of this Order ?

Eus. — To see that the Conclave is properly cemented,
and see that the Herald and Sentinel are at their posts
duly armed and clothed.

Sov. — Sir Knight Junior General, you will see that
duty performed.

(The Jun. General knocks once on the door, then
pauses, then Knocks thrice in rapid succession. This is
answered by the Sentinel.)

Jun. Gen. (reports). — Most puissant Sire, I have
ascertained that the Conclave is well guarded and all is
secure.

Sov. — With what is it secured?

Jun. Gen. — Faith in our Omnipotent Euler, Unity and
Zeal for His holy work.

High Prelate. — Then worthy Knights Companions before
the Conclave is opened, let us all in unity of spirit implore
our Divine and Sovereign Master to grant us faith to re-
build His Holy Temple in, our hearts, and zeal to animate
our labours.

Sov.— Sir Knights, in the name of Constantine, our
Illustrious and Eoyal Founder, I declare this Conclave
duly opened.

THE KED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 115

(Sovereign Knocks, and is answered by Eusebius,
Herald, and Sentinel.)

[The Eecorder then reads the minutes of the last
Conclave.]

Jn^^

^^X^ _:o:_ ^^^^ rf44'Jj^^

THE CEEEMONY OF EECEPTION OR INSTAL-
LATION.

[The Candidate is blindfolded and wears Sandals, he is
also required to dip ^his fingers in water before beings
introduced, and has on the Tunic of a Eoman Soldier.
The Sentinel gives him the Pass "Words, which are
" " and " " and then Knocks in due form.]

Herald (reports). — Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, a
report !

Eus. (rising and addressing the Sovereign). — Most
puissant Sire, an arrival in the Porch.

Sov. — Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, you will direct
the Herald to see who approaches the Conclave.

Eus. (to Herald). — Sir Knight Herald, you wiU see
who apx^roaches the Conclave.

Herald (enquires of Sentinel). — Who comes there?

Sentinel. — Bro. A. B., who has regularly passed from
the Square to the Compasses, having been entrusted with
the Triangle, and Pass Words, now craves permission to
explore the ineffable mysteries of our Order.

Herald. — Give me the Pass Words.

(Candidate gives the Pass Words.)

Herald. — Eemain while I report to the most puissant
Sovereign (closes the door). — Most puissant Sire, Bro. A.
B., who has regularly passed from the Square to the

i2

/

116 THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

Compasses, having been entrusted with the Triangle, and
given me the Pass Words, craves permission to explore
the ineffable Mysteries of our Order.

Sov. — Sir Knight Herald, let him be duly admitted on
the Triangle.

(A Triangle is placed to the breast of the Candidate,
who enters blindfolded; the Prefect then takes charge of
him.)

Sov. — Bro A. B., we have learned that you desire to
be admitted into this Illustrious Order; do you promise
fidelity, zeal, and constancy if installed as a Knight of the
Red Cross of Eome and Constantine ?

Can. — I do.

Sov. — And are you willing to obey the new Law, to take
up your cross and follow the footsteps of the Lamb, by
which means alone we can hope to rebuild in our hearts
, the Temple of God ?
^ Can. — I am.

Sov. — The Sir Knight Prefect, place the Cross in our
^jrJ^^ Brothers' right hand ; make him travel to the four points
-* ^' of the compass — and remember we await your return.

Prefect leads the Candidate to the North by four steps,
and is asked by the
k Sen. Gen. — Worthy Mason, whom seekest thou?

/ "N*/ ' ^ Can.— I—

\\%r^0^ S. Gen. — Pass I — . (Can. is then taken to the East by

** four steps.)

[Two Aides to the Generals may be employed in this
part of the ceremony.]

1st. Aide. — ^Who directed you hither?
Can. — H — , the widow's son.

g^ (Jen. — Pass H — . (Can. is then taken by four steps to
the South.)

Jun. Gen. — Where do you hope to rest ?

t.-^-'

iJ'

hA

V

THE KED CROSS OF EOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGEEE. 117

Cand.— S— the City of God.
I A Jun. Gen. — Pass S — (Cand. is then taken hy four steps
^1^ the W6st).
Ji 2nd Aide (to Cand.). — From whom are you descended ?

Cand. — U King of Judah.

vj-' (This perambulation by sixteen steps alludes to the six-
teen letters of the mystic Words.)
y (Cand. is then placed in front of the Altar and the Sov.
thus addresses him.)

Sov. — Worthy Mason who seekest thou ?

Cand.— I

Sov. — Who directed you hither ?

Cand. — H the widow's son.

Sov. — Where do you hope to rest ?

Cand.— S the City of God.

Sov. — From whom are you descended ?

Cand. — U King of Judah.

Sov. — Collect the Initials of these four names, the last
in its ancient form.

Cand.— I. H. S. V.

Sov. — What do these four letters signify ?

Cand. — "In hoc signo vinces." — In this Sign thou shalt
conquer.

Sov. — Sir Knights, it is the same as the inscription
round the Cross. Bro. A. B. (to Cand.), let these words
be embalmed in your memory for ever.

(Sov. then leaves the throne and proceeds to the altar.)

Sov. (Knocks). — Sir Knights, to order in the East.

Eus. — Sir Knights, to order in the West.

Sen. Gen. — Sir Knights of the Eight division, form
line.

Jun. Gen. — Sir Knights of the left division, form line.

S. G. — Handle swords — draw swords — carry swords.

J. G. — Handle swords — draw swords — carry swords.

fcc:

§^

118 THE KED GEOSS OP KOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGEEE.

Sen. Gen. — On tiie centre, one pace forward, march.

Jun. Gen. — On tiie centre, one pace forward, march.

Sov. — Form circle — point swords.

(The Knts. first range themselves m two lines mider the
Gencials, and then form a circle round the candidate,
with their swords i)ointing towards him.) .■ ^ ^^^ ^.

r Sov. — Bro. A. B., do you pledge your honour a^a Mas-
LJter Mason to keep inviolate the Secrets of our Order?

Can. — I do.

Sov. — And are you willing to bind yourself by a solemn
Obligation ?

Can. — I am.

Sov. — Then you will bend your knees before the altar,
cross your hands on the Holy Testament, repeat your
Christian and surnames, and say after me, —

I, A. B., in the presence of the Trinity in Unity, and
of the Illustrious Conclave here assembled, solemnly
swear never to disclose to any of the children of men,
unless to Sir Knights Companions faithful and true, those
ancient Secrets or Mysteries which lawfully appertain to
the Order of Knights or the Bed Cross of Eome and Con-
stantine, under the penalty of being for ever condemned
to a place of perpetual darkness and silence, where the
L, lights of Masonry exists not, and the voice of the true
word is not heard. I likewise solemnly pledge myself to
maintain and support the General Begulations of the
Grand Council of the Order; and further promise strict
obedience to the lawful commands of the Most puissant
Soveriegn, or of his Viceroy, the Eminent Sir Knight
Eusebius ; and that I will at all times hail and recognise
the Symbol of our faith when worn by a Knight Compan-
ion of the Order. To all these points I solemnly swear
fidelity, so help me the indivisible Trinity, and keep me

THE EED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 119

steadfast in this the Sacred Obligation of a Knight of the
Eed Cross of Eome and Constantine.

Sov. — As a pledge of inviolable fidehty you will seal
this obHgation on the Holy Testament.

(Candidate Kisses the Testament.)

Sov. — You will now salute the Book again three times.

(This is done.)

Sov. — Sir Knight Prefect, let the Candidate be restored
to light ; he is worthy to behold our labors.

(Prefect removes the bandage.)

Sov. — Bro. A. B., by virtue of the power which I have
received from the Grand ImperiaJ. Council of the Order,
I hereby admit, receive, and conytitu^^ou at present
and for ever, a Knight 'of the Ked Cross of Eome and
Constantine, by whichvoiL^enjoy the titles and prerogatives
of a perfect Kiiigh^M^n. Else Sir Knight A. B.,
receive a hearty welcome into this Illustrious Order, which
will ever be ready to defend and protect you. The Herald
will now proclaim your installation.

("The Sovereign touches the new Knight lightly on (f
each shoulder and on the head, at the words admit, .. - /
receive, and constitute.")

(The Candidate is then installed in a stall or chair ^

facing the Sovereign.)

Herald. — In the name of our Illustrious and Eoyal
Founder, and by command of the Most puissant Sovereign,
I proclaim Sir Knight A. B. to be duly installed a Knight
of the Eed Cross of Eome and Constantine.

(This is done in the East and West.)

Sov. — Sir Knight Prefect, you will now conduct Sir
Knight A. B. to the East.

(This is done.)

Sov. — I shall now confide to you the Mysteries of our
Order. The Pass Words which you have abeady heard

120 THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

are and — . The Initals you behold on the Standard

are those of the Mystic words "In Hoc Signo Vinces."

The Grand and Ineffable word is , signifying the

Ascension or Triumph of our Lord. It was also the name

of King Solomon's I of W — on Mount Lebanon,

and was adopted by the College of Architects at Eome as
the word of their Degree so as to perpetuate his name for
ever. This Word must never be pronounced until you
have received the most convincing proofs, by Grip and
Sign, that the Bro. is entitled to receive it. The first

Sign is to place the with the in the form

of a Square over the as if to it, to which

a Knight Companion of the Order rephes by placing the

two of the on his lips; this forms

the complete Sign, and indicates the penalties of your
Obligation, the first Sign alluding to Darkness and the
second referring to Silence. The Grip is given by each

Knight Companion (in this manner), and giving

the Grip with both hands, this forming a double

Triangle. I will now explain the method of proving a
Companion of this Order, and the Sir Knight Prefect will
instruct you how to proceed. What is this ? ^

Cand'. — The Grip of a Perfect KsigM Mason.' vwc^ misjuf^

Sov. — Give me the Words. '

Cand. — If you will give me one, I will give you another.

gov. — "In" "Hoc" "Signo" "Vmces" (alternately,
and the last one gives the whole — "In Hoc Signo Vinces."

(Then after a manner not to be explained in writing,
the Grand Word is given.)

Sov. — Sir Knight Prefect, you will now conduct Sir
Knight A. B. to the West, and request that he may be
invested with the Insignia of our Order.

(This is done.)

Prefect. — Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, by the Most

THE EED CROSS OF EOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 121

puissant Sovereign's command I present unto you Sir
Kniglit A. B., who has been regularly installed and pro-
clamed a Knight of our Illustrious Order, and pray you to
nvest him with the insignia of his rank.

Eus. — Sir Knight A. B., thus do I divest you, Excellent
Master among Masons, of the clothing of toil and care
(takes off Eoman Tunic ; the M. M. apron may be worn
when there is no tunic at hand), rewarding your patience
and perseverance with this, the symbolic badge of our
Order (puts on Knight's apron), as a token of pre-eminence
in Masonry. Girding around your loins, and committing
to your charge this Sword (puts sword in sash) as an
emblem of that spiritual warfare with sin which you are
now expected to maintain, and should foes or false friends
approach our Sanctuary, I feel convinced that you will
wield it with prudence and zeal, under the Generals of
Knightly Fraternity, to defend and protect this Grand
Christian Conclave.

Sov. — Sir Knight Prefect, you will now place our newly
installed Companion in the centre of the Conclave, while
the High Prelate delivers the Historical Oration of our
Order.

(The High Prelate then delivers the Traditional History
of the Order as follows : —

High Prelate. — Sir Knights Companions, — The Founder
of our Chivalric and Illustrious Order was Oonstantine the
great Eoman Emperor, by whom it was instituted A. D.
313, as a memorial of the Divine miracle which effected
his conversion to the Christian faith, and also as a reward
for the valour of certain of his Soldiers. Our Order is
therefore not only the most ancient, but the most honour-
able institution of Christian Knighthood recorded in the
pages of history; and it behoves us, beloved Sir Knights,
to prize the privileges which we have obtained as descen-

122 THE EED CROSS OF EOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

dants of these worthy men, ever remembering the
watchwords of our Conclave — "Faith, Unity, and Zeal."
Before proceeding to relate the circumstance of Constan-
tine's conversion, which produced such momentous results,
I may first observe that in tracing the influence of this
great event upon the world in general, it is more particu-
larly our duty as IVL^ftii^JlP remember that our Koyal
Founder had been, at an 'early period of his life, initiated
into the Mysteries of the " Collegium Artificium" at Eome,
and had attained the position of Magister, or Master, of
the College of Architects, and it was doubtless this early
training which had sufficiently enhghtened his mind to
perceive the errors and absurdities of paganism, and
caused him to eagerly desire a more complete knowledge
of the unknown deity worshipped in those ancient mys-
teries. "When he arrived at the Imperial dignity, not
even the cares of empire, or the responsibihties of
command, could erase those ideas, or restrain his profound
researches after truth and wisdom. The manner of his
conversion is thus related : one evening the army being on
its march towards Eome, Constantine — ^reflecting upon the
fate of sublunary things and the dangers of his approach-
ing expedition, and sensible of his own incapacity to
succeed without Divine assistance — meditating also upon
the various religious opinions which then divided man-
kind— sent up his ejaculations to Heaven for inspiration
and wisdom to choose the right path to be persued. The
Gr. A. of the U. heard his prayer, for as the sun was
declining there suddenly appeared a pillars of light in
the Heavens in the shape of a Cross, with this inscrip-
tion, "In Hoc Signo Vinces." — In this Sign thou shalt
conquer. So extraordinary an appearance created the
utmost astonishment in the mind of the Emperor and his
whole army. The Pagans deemed it a most inauspicious

THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEOEEE. 123

omen; but Constantine being reassured by the visions of
the night, at dawn of day caused a royal standard to be
made hke that which he had seen in the Heavens, and
commanded it to be carried before him in his wars, as an
ensign of victory and celestial protection. Several
Christian ^MrtsDn* among the soldiers, no longer fearing
persecution, then came forward to avow their faith,
and the Emperor in order to commemorate the event,
directed them to wear upon their armour a Eed Cross,
with 16 Stars denoting the sixteen letters of the mystic
words. On returning to his capital, Constantine, with the
assistance of Eusebius, opened a Conclave of Knights of
this Order, and these valiant and illustrious men were
ever afterwards the body guard of their Sovereign. The
Kose and the Lily were adopted by our Koyal Founder
as emblems of the Divine Being he had learned to adore
— mystically representing the Eose of Sharon and the
Lily of the Valley. Among^ the acts of Constantine, his
encouragement of learning is conspicuous : he commanded
the Scriptures to be carefully kept and frequently read in
all Churches ; he also devoted the 4th part of his revenue
towards the relief of the poor, and for other pious purposes.
His tomb, of grey marble, continues at Constantinople to
this day, and even its present possessors retain a vener-
ation for the memory of the illustrious Constantine.
Three hundred years had the persecution of our Brethren
continued when it ceased with this great Emperor, who
laid a lasting foundation for the honour of the Christian
name. Upon this account his memory will flourish in
the minds of all good men and Christian Masons until
time shall be no more.

(The Newly-installed Knight then takes his seat as a
member.)

END OF THE CEREMONY OF INSTALLATION.

(%

S

1^"^
X

124 THE RED CEOSS OF EOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGEEE.'

CEEEMONY OF INAUGUEATING AND DEDICA-
TING A CONCLAVE.

The Knights Companions assemble in the Ante-room to
the Conclave Chamber, and all being properly armed and
clothed, a procession is formed in the following order: —
The Grand Marshal, with the Staff of Oface.
Two Junior Knights.
A Past Sovereign, with Vessel containing Corn.
Knights two abreast.
A Past Sovereign, with Oil.
r / Knights two abreast. c

P^ ^foJ^ ' A Past Sovereign, with Wine. pCL > AAu--e^tW^
^.t^ The Grand Eecorder and Grand Chancellor, with Charter
^*^^ and Statutes.

The Grand Almoner, with the Three-branched Candle-
stick.
A Past Sovereign, with the Thurible.
Knights two abreast.
The Grand Viceroy Eusebius, with pastoral staff.
The Grand Sword-bearer.
The Grand Sovereign, or Presiding Sovereign, with the

Sceptre.

Guards.

After entering the Conclave the procession makes a

circuit of the Chamber, and the Presiding Officer assumes

the throne, and opens the Conclave in due form. — The

Sovereign then addresses the Knights.

Sov. — "Worthy Sir Knights, we have assembled to-day
for the purpose of inaugurating and dedicating a Conclave
for the celebration of the mystic rites of our Chivalric
Order. I shall therefore call upon the Grand High
Prelate to commence the proceedings by invoking a bless-
ing from the Omnipotent Euler of the Universe.
(AU turn to the East.)

THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 125

G. H. P. — Eternal Source of Life, Light, and Perfec-
tion, Most Holy Three in One, we invoke Thy benediction
upon the purposes of our present assembly. May we
establish this Conclave in peace, harmony, and love ; may
its foundations be firmly fixed upon the Eock of Ages, the
Holy One of our redemption; and may its officers be
inspired with wisdom and ability to pursue the true inter-
est of the order. May its members ever be mindful of the
duties they owe to their God, their country, and their
fellow-men, and may faith, unity, and zeal prevail
amongst them for evermore. Amen.

(Solemn Music.)

Sov. — Sir Knight Eecorder, I will now call upon you to
read the Petition, and also the Charter which has been
granted by the Grand Imperial Council, authorising the
Knights named therein to form and hold a Conclave of the
Order.

(Eecorder reads as directed.)

Sov. — Sir Knights, I must now enquire whether you
approve of Sir Knight A. B. as your first Most puissant
Sovereign and of Sir Knight C. D, as your first Viceroy
Eusebius.

The Members of the new Conclave rise, place their
hands upon their hearts, and respond —

We do.

(An Anthem is then sung.)

The Grand Eecorder then presents the Sov. designate
to the Presiding Officer —

Most puissant Sovereign, I present unto you Sir Knight
(or Eminent Sir Knight) A. B., who has been chosen by
the Grand Council as the first Sovereign of this new Con-
clave ; and pray you to constitute, inaugurate, and dedicate
the Conclave, and to enthrone the said Sir Knight in due
and ancient form.

126 THE RED CEOSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

Pres. Sov. — Conduct Sir Knight A. B. to the East.

(The new Sov. is XDlaced on the left of the Throne.)

(The Grand Senior General and the Grand Junior
General then take the command of their respective divi-
sions.)

S. Gen. — Attention Sir Knights. Eight division, form
line — handle swords — draw swords — carry swords.

J. Gen. — Attention Sir Knights. Left division, form
line — handle swords — draw swords — carry swords.

(The Knights being thus ranged on each side of the
Altar, the Grand Prelate gives the first portion of the
Dedication Prayer, as follows.)

Most Holy and Puissant God, whose name we adore and
magnify for ever, look down with compassion upon Thy
servants, and blot out their offences from the book of Thy
wrath. Bless, we beseech Thee, the Altar which we raise,
and may the reverence due to the Mystic Three in One
ever be experienced in our hearts and manifested in our
actions. To The we dedicate the work, and to Thee be all
glory.

All respond. — Amen.

Chant. — Gloria Patri, &c. jc^ .

High Prelate reads l^ Cor. iii. chap. 10 to 17 verses.

(All turn to the East for the Invocation by the Presiding
Officer.) •

Pres. Off. — 0 Father of Infinite Power and Mercy,
Adorable and Eternal Son, and Holy Spirit, we humbly
invoke Thine aid in the labors of our hands. May our
temple be a shrine of truth, and our hearts the habitation
of every virtue. In this Conclave may honor, happiness,
and concord reign, and may the light of wisdom be diffused
throughout our sacred Order. Let Faith sustain our
steps, immortal Hope cheer our souls, and Charity crown
onr lives. Thus alone do we hope to rebuild Thy Mystic

THE BED CROSS OF EOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 127

Temple, and to become worthy of Tliine everlasting
Kingdom.

All respond. — Amen.

(The Altar is then uncovered, and three Past Sovereigns
take the Corn, Wine, and Oil round the Conclave,

* thus ).

Past. Sov. — Scattering the Corn. — I scatter this Corn
as an emblem of plenty. May the blessings of Heaven be
showered upon us, and may we eat the bread of praise (he
halts in the East.)

Presiding Sovereign leaves the throne and taking the
Triangle, which he holds aloft says — To the service of the
Triune God and our Chivalric Order I dedicate this Con-
clave, and I pray the Omnipotent Euler of the Universe
to be gracious and merciful to its members for ever and
ever.

All respond. — Amen.

2nd Past Sov. (proceeding round). — I sprinkle this Wine
as a symbol of joy and thanksgiving. May we rejoice in
the revelation of Divine Truth, and may virtue flourish as
the vine (halts in the East.)

Pres. Sov. {holding Sceptre aloft). — To the Memory of
Constantine, Emperor of the East and West, I dedicate
this Conclave. May the Eternal Sovereign of the Universe
ever reign supreme in the hearts of its members.

All respond. — Amen.

3rd Past Sov. (with oil). — I pour this Oil as a token of
peace, and may the peace which passes all understanding
descend upon and ever dwell amongst us.

Pres. Sov. (with Crozier). — To the Memory of Eusebius,
the Bishop, I dedicate this Conclave, and may the Supreme
High Priest always find in its midst an acceptable altar.

High Prelate reads 1st Peter ii. chap. 5 to 9 verses, after
which he takes the censer and proceeds round the Altar,

/*ow» ^-■*£m_

128 THE RED CEOSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

followed by the Knights in procession, while the Proces-
sional Hymn (Psalm cxxii) is chanted by the choir.
Having circumambulated the Conclave three times, the
Prelate halts in the East, and swinging the censer,
says : — May the perfume of every virtue purify this Sacred
Temple, established by faithful Soldiers of the Cross, for
the work of Christian Masonry. (The Pres. Sov. then
gives second portion of Dedication Prayer :)

Pres. Sov. — Most Glorious Euler of the Universe, who
hast promised to bless and preserve all who truly call
upon Thy Holy name, regard we beseech Thee, with
especial favor those who now kneel before Thee (all
kneel); inspire them with faith to follow the bright
example of those devout brethren by whom the Temple
of Light was remodelled upon the eternal basis of the New
Law — the Coveiiant of our great Eedeemer Jesus Christ
pour down upon us all the rays of truth and wisdom
that we may worthily serve Thee and Glorify Thy name
for ever and ever.

All respond. — Amen.

(Sovereign or Grand Orator then deUvers the following
Oration) —

(N.B. — This may be introduced at an earlier period if
expedient.)

, Worthy and Eminent Sir Knights Companions, it has
been customary amongst Freemasons from the earliest
period to the present time , to inaugurate with solemn
ceremonies the erection of temples set apart for the
celebration of their Mystic rites; and we have, therefore,
after the manner of our ancient brethren, assembled to-day
within these ancient walls to lay the foundation of a moral
edifice^ based upon the sublime principles of our Knightly
Order — faith, unity, and zeal.

We have unfurled to-day the banner of the Cross — the

THE BED CROSS OF HOME AND CONSTANTINE DEGEEE. 129

highest and hoHest ensign ever hfted up for man to follow
and to revere. We bear aloft the standard of our
Illustrious Founder whereon is delineated a faint resem-
blance of the sacred vision of old which startled the solid
phalanx of the Eoman Legion and bowed the heads of
princes to the dust. With this Divine Symbol before us
the remote and marvellous joast seems recalled from its
shadowy grave. Again — " The Cross triumphant blazes
in the sky;" its influence as great, its inspirations as
exalted in our own day and generation, as when Constan-
tine, clad in resplendent armour, charged at the head of
his warrior Knights and routed the host of the tyrant.
The Labarum or device adopted by Constantine was a
Monogram of the Chi and the Eho — the two first letters
of Christos in Greek characters. This emblem was
placed on the battle flags of the Eoman empire, and in
after years the Eed Cross banner led to victory those
pious champions of the Cross who devoted their lives to
the rescue of the Holy Land from its infidel oppressors.

Since the period of the Crusades, no less than thirty
four princes of the Imperial House of Commenes have
been Grand Masters of our Fraternity, and the most
illustrious men in England, including the Eoyal Sussex
and our present noble cl|ief^ have beeji found amongst its
rulers and Sovereigns^ and 1 trust this will ever be the
case with an Order of Knighthood, which the Abbe'
Giustiniani declared in 1G92, to be the most ancient in
the world. On this auspicious occasion it may not be
deemed inopportune briefly to consider the precepts that
are taught, and the ol)jects desired to be attained by all
who have entered sincerely into communion with our
Christian Order. Faith is the first princix)le inculcated —
a belief in the Omnipotent Euler of the Universe, the
Sovereign Father, the Eternal God. This belief through

180 THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

the influence of tlie Spirit, teaches us to take up the Cross
and to follow the footsteps of the Lamb in perfect love,
and in implicit obedience to His divine will. By these
means alone we hope to rebuild in our hearts the myste-
rious Temple of the triune God.

Unity is the mighty chain by which we, as brethren, are
bound together and enabled to achieve great things. It is
the support and bond of friendship, the cement of bro-
therly love, the wondrous lever by which immortal truth
is raised out of the chasms of darkness, where error and
superstition hold sovereign sway. Without unity we can-
not become a hap]3y and prosperous community; let us
therefore strive to preserve this vital principle by being
land and forbearing to all, by forgiving injury, and over-
looking injustice, by a readiness at all times to stretch
forth a helping hand to the unfortunate, to sorrow with
those overcome with grief, and to rejoice with those whose
hearts are full of gladness.

Zeal is the grand permeating fire of the soul, which
stimulates our desires into action, and animates our
labours. Without zeal the potent thoughts of sages, the
profound ideas of philosophers^ would remain in obscurity,
like the unhewn statue in the quarry ; but kindled into
light and life by this o'ermastering spirit, they assume
shape and substance, and ripen into glorious realities.
Having thus directed your attention more particularly to
the inspiring watchwords of our conclave, I would further
impress upon your minds that Charity and Truth are also
essential attributes of the Order, and that we are bound
to practise in our daily life, the holy precepts taught by
our Divine and Almighty Sovereign. Again, I would in-
treat you to guard well the vestibule of our Temple, and
suffer none to pass its sacred threshold but brethren faith-
ful and true, who have shown a Christian disposition to-

THE EED CROSS OP ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 131

"wards their fellowmen, and whose future conduct, you
feel assured, will reflect no discredit upon the Order.

Finally, Sir Knights, let us ever be found in the straight
path of Integrity, Honour^ Secrecy, and Virtue, wielding
our mystic swords valiantly in spiritual warfare with sin,
80 that when the pilgrimage of life is over, and the bound-
less shores of eternity dawn upon the soul, imperishable
Faith may illumine the darkness of death, and guide us to
that celestial conclave of saints and angels, where the
Eose of Sharon and the Lily of the Valley shall bloom for
everlasting in the presence of the Most High.

(The Generals now take command of their respective
divisions.)

S. G. — Attention Sir Knights. Eight division, fornii
line!

J. G. — (Eepeats as to left division.)

S. G. — On the centre, one pace forward — march I

J. G. — (Eepeats.)

Sov. — Join hands and form a circle I

(The goblet of wine is tasted by the Sov., who therto
passes it to the Knight on his left, and so on, until all
have partaken, when the Sot. says :)

Sov. — ^We drink of this cup as a pledge of Faith, Unity ^,
and Zeal.

(Sov. then dedicates the Conclave as follows:)

Sov. — In the name of the , Grand Sovereign^

and as the Eepresentative of the Grand Imperial Council
of England, I hereby inaugurate this Conclave under the

title or designation of the Conclave, No. — on the

EoU of the Grand Council. Henceforth, my worthy
Knights Companions, you are empowered to assemble as
a regular Conclave, and to instal faithful and true-
brethren as Knights of the Order, according to ancient
custom ; and as I thus dedicate tliis Conclave to the work

k2

132 THE EED CEOSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

of Cliristian Chivalry, so may the Supreme Governor of
the Universe dedicate your souls to His service, both here
and hereafter.

(The Sovereign returns to the Throne, and the Knights
resume their seats.)

G. H. Prelate. — May the God of our Fathers — the God
■of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob — the Angel of the Ever-
lasting Covenant — the Holy One who sanctifieth us- — may
-He bless, preserve, and keep us now and for evermore.

Omnes (Chant). — Amen.

END OF CEREMONY OF DEDICATING A CONCLAVE.

-:o:-

CEEEMONY OF CLOSING.

"Sov. — ^Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, what is the time?

Eus. — Most Puissant Sovereign, the d;xy is afc an end.

Sov. — Worthy Sir Knights Companions, since the day
is at an end, it is time to cease our labours. (To S. G.)
Sir Knight Sen. Gen., what is your duty before we close
the Conclave?

Sen. Gen. — To see that the Conclave is properly
guarded.

Sov. — Perform that duty.

(S. G. knocks on the door in due form.)

Sen. Gen. — Most Puissant Sire, the Conclave is pro-
perly guarded, and all is well.

/

fi

THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 1B35

Sov. — Sir Kniglits, to order in tlie East.

Eus. — Sir Kniglits, to order in the West.

Sov. — Eminent Sir Knigiit Eusebius, what are the last-
duties to be performed ?

Eus. — To deposit the royal standard of our departed
Grand Sovereign on the altar, and to crave a blessing on
the work.

Sov. — Then, Sir Knights Generals and Standard
Bearer, I will thank you to advance in due form, and
assist each other in taking down the royal standard, and
to see it safely deposited, with the Holy Law and Jewelsr
in our ancient and sacred depository.

(This is done.)

Sov. — Sir Knight High Prelate, let us invoke a blessing
on the work (all turn to the- East).

H. Prelate. — Let us pray. — Mysterious and Eternal
Trinity, deign to bless the work of our hands, and grant
that the faith and zeal wliich inspired our Royal Founder
may be imparted to us. Enable us to take up the cross-
and follow the footsteps of the Lamb; teach u-s to carry
out in our daily life the divine principles of charity and.
truth, and finally admit us to that Immortal Temple not.
made by hands, eternal in the heavens.

Omnes (Chant) . — Amen — Amen — Amen.

Sov. — Eminent Sir Knight Eusebius, our last duties
having been performed, you will now close the Conclave
(knocks).

Eus. — Sir Knights Companions, in the name of our v
Most Illustrious and Royal Founder, and by the Most
Puissant Sovereign's command, I declare this Conclave
duly closed.

(Knocks, answered by Herald and Sentinel.) t/^. ^/

Prelate. — Nothing novv^ remains but, in accordance with
ancient custom, to lock up our Secrets in a safe deposi-

134 THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

tory, ever remembering the Watchwords of our Conclave
- — Faith, Unity, and Zeal.

:END of ceremony of closing a CONCLAVE.

— :o:-

INVESTITUEE OF OFFICEES.

SENIOE GENEEAL.
Worthy Sir Knight, — The Most Puissant, having ap-
pointed you Senior General, I now invest you with the
Collar and Jewel of your Office — the Triangle, being an
emblem of the Trinity, should remind you of the faith you
profess, and the Deity you serve. I also present to you a
Sword, which, in the hand of a valiant and truly Christian
Knight, is endowed with three most excellent qualities;
its Hilt with Justice, its Blade with Fortitude, and its
Point with Mercy; from which we learn the important
lesson that having faith in the justice of our cause, we
must defend the Lord's Temple with undaunted courage,
ever remembering to extend the point of mercy to a fallen
foe. Your situation is at the right of the Most Puisspait
Sovereign, and your duty to take charge of the columns in
the North and East; to see, when required, that the Con-
clave is well guarded; and, finally, to obey implicitly the
commands of the Most Puissant Sovereign.

'■0-'

JUNIOE GENEEAL.

Worthy Sir Knight, — The eminent Sir Knight Euse-

THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 135

l)iiis, having ehosen you for the appointment of Junior
General, I now invest you with the Collar and Jewel of
that Office, which are similar to those of the Senior
General. I also present you with this Sword, and as the
remarks I addressed to the Senior General equally apply
to you, it is unnecessary to repeat them. Your station is
at the right of the Viceroy Eusebius, and your duty to
take charge of the columns in the West and South; to
see, when required, that the Conclave is well guarded, and
obey the orders of the Most Puissant Sovereign or his
Viceroy.

HIGH PEELATE.
Worthy Sir Knight, — You having been selected for the
important office of High Prelate, I now invest you with
the Jewel of your Office — a Triangle, on which is j)laced a
book, to represent the Testament of our Divine Master.
It is your duty to study carefully the doctrines contained
in that Holy Law ; to crave a blessing on the work before
the opening and closing of the Conclave, and to deliver
the Historical Oration of the Order. Your place is at the
left of the Most Puissant Sovereign.

TEEASUEER.
Worthy Sir Knight, — You, having been [re] elected
Treasurer of this Conclave, I have the pleasure to invest
you with the Jewel of your Office, which is a Key (from
the zealous and efficient manner in which you have
hitherto discharged your duties, I entertain no doubt that
you will continue to merit the confidence of the Conclave).
It is your duty to receive all moneys the property of the
Conclave, and to disburse them according to antient cus-
tom or in accordance with the wishes of the members, and
I am certain you will discharge the duties of your office
with zeal and fidelity. Your place is in the South.

13G THE RED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE.

EECOEDEE.

Worthy Sir Kniglit, — You have been chosen for the
Office of Eecorder, I mvest you with the Colhir and Jewel
appertaining thereto. The Cross-pens will remind you of
the peculiar duties annexed to the appointment ; and you
are further held responsible that all moneys you receive
are duly handed over to the Treasurer for the benefit of
the Conclave. Your place is in the North.

PEEFECT.
Worthy Sir Knight, — You having been appointed Pre-
fect, I invest you with your Collar of Office, to which is
appended a Cross of the Order. It is your duty to take
charge of the Candidate during the ceremony of installa-
tion, at all other times your place is at the left of the
Viceroy Eusebius.

STANDAED BEAEEE.

Worthy Sir Knight, — You having been chosen for the
Office of Standard Bearer, I invest you with your collar,
the Jewel of which is also a Cross. It is your duty to
carry the banner of the Conclave in all public processions ;
to take charge of it when the Conclave is opened, and to
see it safely deposited on the Altar before our proceedings
are closed; it is also your duty both in the Conclave and
the Eefectory, to see that the Knights Companions are
properly placed in their respective stations.

HEEALD.

Worthy Sir Knight, — You having been appointed
Herald, I invest you with the Collar and Jewel of your
Office. It is your duty to guard the entrance ; to report
all arrivals in the porch, and permit none to pass except
Knight Companions or Candidates properly prepared.

THE EED CROSS OF ROME AND CONSTANTINE DEGREE. 137

SENTINEL.

Compainon, — The Permanent Council of the Conclave
having selected yoii for the Office of Sentinel, I present to
you this sword, charging you to guard well the approaches
of our assemhly. You will especially take charge of all
Candidates, give them the Pass Words when properly
prepared, and conduct them to the vestihule of our Sacred
Temple. In other respects you will hold yourself at the
disposition of the Most Puissant Sovereign.

END OF FIRST GRADE.

-:o:-

SECOND GEADE.
THE CEEEMONY OF CONSECEATION.

EUSEBIUS.

The V. elect is presented by a P. Sov. or V. to the Con-
secrating Sov. with the following address : — Most Emi-
nent, I present unto you Sir Knight A. B., who has
been duly (chosen by the Grand Council for the rank o
V.) — (or elected V. of the Conclave) in order that he ma
be solemnly consecrated as a lawful successor of E. in the
sacred and eminent office of a Christian High Priest.