Book iiii

n'bat forme of tfofe v> comely.
whence comes deformity of the body.
The difeommo- (iities of untim lyventi’y.
upper-lip, like a gnomon or right line, or ftyle that Bands upon Sun Dialls, neither let on bending outward or inward. Likewileif the lips be fwoln or fat, which is uiuall with the ^Ethiopians, as al- fo if the nofe that is crocked be prefled down , they handle thefe artificially , and they often prefle them that they may grow Idle , and fink'down lower ; by the fame way they frame into a comely fafinion , a chin that flicksrout, or is drawn in, the forehead, head* cheeks or eybrovvs that are deformed ; and decently order by art , what is not leemly. So if nature limp on any part , and is gen of? from the beft forme and proportion, as lofne have wry neck s^ crooked gowty ill favourd legs , or hunchbacks, that makes them ugly , all thefe erroursare ealily mended in thole that are Chil¬ dren : and fuch members as are wrdted ordisjoynted , or out of their places, arc fet right by the care and induftry of man. So the diligent care of Nurfcs makes Children grow up handlomely, and fo are obnoxious to no deformities of their limbs. But the negli¬ gence of many Mothers , and great idknelTc, makes Children not onelytogrow np unhandfomely , and illfavour*dly , but they be¬ come bunch-backr,lamc,lquint eye’d,bull-headed,and not comely to look on, for they are departed from the dignity and excellency that is in man’s body. Some Nurfes are over diligent and too officious, who beftow feme labour alio on the Childrens privy pares, that ferve them them to make water with , and in time ill a 1 1 be ufcfull for propagation of Children, that they may be ripe betimes , and not fail of hopes of getting Children , and when they come to be marryed they may not bealbamed, for ill performing thematri- moniall duty , when they obferve bitter contentions and quarrels co arife amongft kindred for this verycaufe, that they will threa¬ ten todivGrceYheir S'ons in Law, unlclTe they can fhew their man¬ hood, and pleafe their wives the better, yet I ufe to diflikeand difeommend this effeminate and lalcmous office ufed by Nurfcs 5 for young youths , by reafon of pulling them thus by their yards , before their time, or that they come to be- of age , or have mans ifrength: they are prone tovenery, and foconfume thofe helps, and vent out thole humours and vitall fpirics , wherewith afterwards they might be able to procreate lulfy and lively Children ; where- ; as by unfeafonable venery, they'eitber get no Children , or if they ” beget any they are lither, and not fo long lived. Therefore I think it is good, not to let young people marry toofoon, untill chcir forces beftrong and confirmed, and that they can endure any hard- ridfe in matrimoniail focicty , which tender years cannot do, for they will prefently wax faint , and effeminate. It is then better that the fecrct parts fhould fwell out of their own accord natu¬ rally, than that they fliould be drawn forth by any allure¬ ments.
CHAP.
Chap. 1 ?. Many kinds of Animals yF ifkes yand Bird$:are bred without feed . 287
CHAP. XIX.
■Many kinds of Animals , Fijhes , Birds , I nf ?Rs are bred without Seed , M alfo Pants : and many Animals , and f 'mall Birds , by an unufall way , without the copulation of Male and Female , do conceive.
DAily examples (hew , that many things come forth, and are propagared by nature of their o\fyn accord, and without any embracings of others or generation, dnely from filth & corruption, as Dormice, Rats, Snails, Shelldifa,Catcerpillers, Grafs- Worms]
Wafps, Hornets, Weevils, Froggs, Moths, Toads, Eels. In mens Many things bodies Worms, though thefe have iced within them , whereby af- ruffinT C°f* terwards they propagate abundantly. Alfo many plants grow forth from the muddy moyfture of the earth, and fatnefle of it, no feed being fowed, or plants fet in the ground before, as are Darnel,
Cockle, Nettles, wild Olives, Weeds , and graffe that fpringup
of themfelves. Alfo there are fome Crows in the Low-Countries
that conceive by their mouth , which they call Rock Jackdaws , Mat crows
becaufe they build in clifcs of Rocks, and hollow ftones, and not in %gCue™ b>
Trees. The Dutch call them commonly Steen Cauwe , and thefe
do not tread one the other as other birds do , as we ufually fee in
Cocks and other foule, that get upon the backs of the Females >
and fo copulate with them : but thefe look ftedfaftly with their
eyes, one upon another, never winking, fo that the Female draws
forth dewy drops from the eyes of the Male, by conftant looking
upon him, vyhich fhe drinks up, and from thence, as fome think ,
fhe conceives. I dare not certainly determine , whether they do
bring forth by the mouth, as with us the Cuttle, Shrimps, Calama-
ries, Lobfters, the Polypus, and the fi(h Galeus , commonly call’d
the Hay, do, with a rough skin, that even in the fifh-Markets , will
caft forth her young by her mouth. Of the Hay there is nothing Thefi(b Galeus
more certain , and commonly known, that (he doth caft forth her h'^mutbaU
young at her mouth : for lately when a Country man had bought whaethers^
fome Hayes very cheap, and carried them at his back, the Citizens
and people that looked on , faw fome of her young ones creeping
forth at her mouth; fo that the Country fellow being laughed at
by the common people, and difdayning thofekind of nth , threw
them all away upon the dunghill. There is alfo another Hay, that
is ftnoath, and foftskiiul, not rugged, that brings forth her young
about her Navell,her belly opening there and breaking, fo that the
young one fticks faft to the bowells of the Female, by a long firing.
I have heard fomefilhermen of credit relate, that they had feen fome Hayes newly taken forth of the Male,his mouth gaping; and that he caftout fix or feven fmall filhes by his mouth , chat were wonderfull 1 ively, that being immediately caft into the Sea, would fwimat firft ; as wefee Chikens takenforth of their fhells to pick at any things and to fcracch. Bute this is admirable, chat fince the
Ha>*
Of the Fijh , Hay.
Book HU
Hay brings torch ac the mouth being open , that young fry iBouid run again often into the dams belly, and the fecret parts there , and hide themfelvesamongft her bowels j and then they will come
of the bulu$ry forth again to fport, which Plutarch wondered at. The Hayes faith of living qua- he, for their fatherly indulgence give place to no living Creatures. mes* Firfi they have egs, then fi lb very many, which they do not put
forth as other Creatures do, but hatch them within themfel vs, and thefe they breed up and carry in their bellys > as if it were a fecond birth i when they grow great , they let them wander at pleafure , and again receive them in ar their mouths, and let them inhabite in
their bodies,and there they allow them a place of refuge, and houfe
to dwell in, and meat, till they can provide for themfel ves, and can , ' -A, v t0 fport and to fwim, alfo to tumble themfel ves , and to ufe nim- blenefle,that they may the fafer efcape the danger of Sea-Monfters. In our Seas there are many kinds of Hays , whereof fome are cun¬ ning in other arts, diverfly. Amongft thefe the Hay that is gray colour’d, which the Dutch call Sprink-Hay, becaufe with incredi¬ ble agility, he will fpring four Cubits high above the water, and will fwiftly run from danger , that he may not become a prey to others. Alfo there is a Hay with a fpotted skin , all full ot black- marks, we call this den GbefpickledlUy , as we fee dogs and horfes marked with fpots : Our Gefner defcribes this by the name of the Rock dog 5 alfo there is brought into the fifh market, the Hay call¬ ed Centrfna or Speerhaye, as if you would call them fpeered or tBarp Hays 5 for they have two (harp prickles on their backs, wherewith they wound men dangeroufly , our Country men keep thefe pricks in filver cafes to pick their teeth with. Thus much of fifh that conceive and bring forth at the mouth, as is well known to our men. But as for the conception of Chows, that is performed by the mouth # as it is reported, I dare fay nothing for certain , yet they fcem to me toreprefent the Nature of Pigeons that beck one the other, and do as it were kifie, as lovers do their Sweet-hearts.. Wherefore that proverb of Pigeons is ufed concerning them , who fport and V play, and kifie, and cal one the other , and embrace often. The it « 4 womb, Dutch call thisDuvebeckenfiom the manner is obferved inPigeons, like to Pigeons, fb that about the fpring time thefe are the prejudiums and forerun¬ ners of Venery. There are fome,asP/^^teftifies, that maintain Mice to breed without the male, if they but oftentimes lick of fait. Virgil alfo mentions fomething like this, concerning the conception
of Marcs
For above all the lufl of Mares is known,
When burning heat is in their marrow grown, ejMof in the Spring-time , when as hot as fire , They ftand on tops of Rocks , with flrong defire. Gaping for the Weft wind, which they draw in. And by the Ayre, conceive, that’s very thin >
Horn parts frozen may be recovered .
*
Chap. 20.
2§p
Nor borfes need to back them3 tber s the wonder ,
They breed alone and do conceive a [under.
There hapncth to Mares, the fame almoft thathapneth to hun¬ gry people that are filled with the fteam of the Kitchin, and for want of nutriment are fed with fmclls ; or as it fell out with a no¬ ble maid, who when fhe could not enjoy her fvveet heart , fhc kept from him clofe in her breft, and thought of him when he was from her', UflgryPe6Ptct fo that by frequent imagination fhe formed an ill fafhiond Jumpe , fueh humours being heaped together in thofe parts as ferve for con- vem^lndo? ception; which mifhapen lump was made by imagination , with -tbenm*, out any help or copulation with man* ^
CHAP. XX.
The hand or other parts of the body that are frozen , and grown ftijj with cold and fro si , how they may be thaw'd , and recover their former heat.
t . " r *
IT hapneth fometimes when the Ayreis fharpe, and cruel , as
when the North wind blows in Winter, or fome other extream frees
cold wind , whereby all things are frozen and congealed , mens hands alfo , and other parts of their bodies, will grow ftiffand benummed with cold,fo that they will be dead and fall off, or elfe they mutt be cut off, and lopt as withered boughs , that the found pates be not infected by them : when any fuch thing hapneth, as it doth to thofe that travel through cold Countries, and great Snows, or when a Chip is broken , to thofe that fit on the planks , and are totted too and frow by the waves, who arc thus affe&ed mutt not be prefently brought to the fire , but mutt be placed at a good diftance from it, leaft the pain fhould inercafe , and grow greater by a fudden and immoderate heat. In the mean time the parts af¬ fected mutt be gently rubbed and chafed with the hand, with oyle of Camomile , Dill, fvveet Almonds, then wet with warm water , or with warm milk newly milk’c from the Cow, in which arc boyld green Bay-leaves that arc oyly, Rofemary, S age, Lavander,
Spike of that part of France called Celtic* , or french Lavender, whereby the blood may be recalled , and the parts that are dead may revive. And all thefethings mutt be done gently by degrees, ; leaft pain may be caufed thereby. I think there is no man bur c»u, an enemy hath fometimes proved in himfelfe , what bitter pains the joynts tothemvet endure by reafon of the nerves, that have a moft exquifere feeling , when they grow ttiffc with a more intenfe and peircing cold , the blood being either extinguifhed, or running inward into the inmott parts ^ fo that at the firft coming of cold , the hands will wax red , and by and by as the blood grows cold , they will grow wan and dead, being deprived of the vicall blood and Spirits. Wherefore - v R r the
2 9
What will help lims oppreffed with cold .
Snow and cold water raife Up heat.
Wells are cold in. Summer , hot lit winter »
v
3«M/« applied to the body bring forth fweat.
Bow Seamen ptufi be reflored after I bipwracl? .
[Afafe potion for fuch as have drank Sea-wa¬ ter.
A liniment for the slfm worn by Salt-water.
what will help Limbs opprejs'ed with cold.
the Joyntsmultbc chatcd eafiiy, and bathed in a deco&ion of the I nteftincs of four footed beafts, with their feet, puddings, and tripes, which is to be commonly had in all Cities, and to be pro¬ vided. In which liquor as alfo in Cows milk,hearbs may be boy- led that I mentioned before, wherewith the parts may be heated again with heat of life, that were almoft dead, and reftored to their firft temper: for fuch fomentations do help and ftrengthen the parts, and eafe the pains, as alfo baths, ftoves, and Baths of fweet waters do. Alfo the parts thus affe ly benummed with cold, and that fome bloud be left in them, are to be plunged in cold water and wafhed wi1 h ir, which will reftore them to their former vigour, and they will by degrees regain the heat they had loft : for by ant iperi Hafts or contrarieties the heat comes in the cold being driven away ; which every man may make proof oF,by handling Snow or Ice, for his hands will prefcntly grow’ hot, and look very red* So frozen Apples foked in cold water re¬ turn to their own nature, and all that is congealed in them, melts and is diflolved. So lee let down into a pit, will fuddenly melt and run. For well-waters are hot in winter, as ftore-houfes,and caves underground are j but in Summer they are exceeding cold. More¬ over that the heat and vital fpirits may be driven forth from the inward parts to the outward parts, we muft give fome things to drink made of wine and other heating things,whereby natural heat like fire raked up in afhes may be ftirred up, and alfo fome of the beftTheriac muft be drunk with wine, and outwardly we muft apply to the body bottles of Tin, or Earth, fil’d with hot water wherein hearbs are boyl’d that draw forth fweat, and open the pore$,as Fennel, Smallage of the Marfhes, Lovage, Lovage with black leaves, Macedonian Parfley,Bay-leaves,Balm,Angelica,Ori- ganum,Rue,Savoury3&c. Whichlufe todo ajfo in the Plague, that thereby all the venomeand contagion may be difeuffed from the heart.
And if any man after (hip-wrack becafton the fhore, and, be- fideshis joyntsand limbs be nummed with cold, hath drank in much fait- water, he muft take fuch things as provoke urine abun¬ dantly, that the fait water may not corrode his inward parts. I bid them make a drink of barley, Figs, Rayfins, Annifecd, Fen¬ nel-feed and roots, and red chiches, putting a little Licoris there¬ to ; for this takes off from the heat and acrimony of the Seawater, and fuppleth and eafeth the ulcerated parts. And as for their meat, they muft efehew all fait, fowre, (harp things 5 water of Honey, and Cows milk with a little Sugar, is an excellent reme- dyfor them^ A Ptifan drink, and all that is made of Barley, ei ¬ ther tofu p, or in Pap, or Creme of Bari y, doth wonderfully help them. And if the skin outwardly be corroded (as it ufeth to be) by fait water, they muft have a Liniment of frefh Butter, Hogs greafe without Salt, Goofe, Ducks, Hens, greafe, unguent of Ro¬ les, and of black Poplars,
CHAP.,
/
Chap.2i.
Concerning Conf Hence.
CHAP. XXI.
whence arif t and grow flings of Conscience in man, and whether as paf- ftons and perturbations of the mind they are to be afcribed to the hu¬ mours : or whether they conftft in the mind and the will .
i
COnfcience, that is theteftimony of good and bad in every mans mind, which by a remembring of what is done, ap- proves what is praife worthy, and condemns what is naught and ill, is by God let in every mans heart. So a pure and found mind thatis guilty ot no fault, comes forth by calling to mind the good life that fucha man hath led j but a troubled,tumuhuous, feartul. The force of unquiet mind rifieth from the remembrance of an evill life, and Co4clc^ - will offer it (elf whether a man will or no, fiothat it drives fome men into defpair and defperation j as it did Cain, Km® Sad, Judas, and it raifeth others into hope and confidence of obtaining Salva¬ tion, as it did, David, Peter , Magdalen. Tnerefore a man is af- fe foever confidence fas before him the memory of the wickcdnefie Vt},enfeftris he hath committed, and it terrifies him with fear of revenge and the emit of Re* jmnifhment,that he trembles at it, by which pricks of confidence the mind, fometimes elevated unto God, as it feii out with the hdvalon% Prodigal Son, is moved to repentance, and difpclling fear obtains tranquillity, fo that the foul is raifed again and cheered, and fen¬ ding the bloud through the body, and elevating the fpirits, that a little before were aLuoft extinguiihed, the colour becomes frefih that was pale and aimoft gon, the body pining, and the mind be¬ ing contra&ed with forrow. For being that the vices and a'ffc&i- ons of the mind do ilae w themfelves in die habit of the body, and in the Countenance, if acany time any fecrec mifehief or wicked - ndfe lye hid in the Soul, fuuh kind of men upon any light occafion offered, will commonly look pale, be troubled, and angry, will tremble, be (bore winded, fad, complaining, fufpicious, halfdead, and are diftra&ed wirh divers thoughts, becauie, as the Pfalmifi: faith, their fin is continually before chcir eyes, fo that they can¬ not as they would, and as they feek to do, obliterate and deface the memory of their fins committed, but it will, be daily renewed, and be frefii again. To which that prayer of che Prophet David may beapplyed, when it was his condition, and he was tolled with the fame tempefts and Waves, Reflore 'Unto me the joy of thy fal- ?fatm yr. vation , and uphold me with thy free fpint. Alfo that expoftulation of his with his 6wn Soul, or rather that lamentation: why art thou rfalm difquietedohmy foul, and why art thou fo troubled within met hope in God , becaufe I will yet praife him. And again, when he had reco¬ vered peace of confidence, and all (adneffe was difpelled, he faith, inter into thy reft oh my Soul , becaufe the Lord ha?b rewarded thee , thou -pfaim 4 ’ hdfl given me joy andgladnefje of heart. So then if we have done all things againll Equity, : and an evil! will drives a man, contrary to
R'r 2 right
29
7,
Of the force of Confcier.ee.