CHAPTER XIII.

THE PIONEERS OF PHARMACY AND BOTANY—PHYSIC GARDENS. Drugs used by the Arabs—Avicenna—Basil Valentine—Paracelsus—His life and teaching—Van Helmont—Monastic Gardens—Mesué—Ebor-Taitor—The medical treatment of the monks—Hildegarde—Gilbert and Hernicus Arviell—Simon de Cordo—Peter de Crescenzi—Bartholomew Glanvil—Advent of printing—George Agricola—Conrad Gesner—Jacques Gohory—The _Jardin des Plantes_—William Davisson—Matthias of Lille—Andrew Cesalpin—The first pharmacopœia—The _London Pharmacopœia_—The _Dublin Pharmacopœia_—The _British Pharmacopœia_—The Chelsea Physic Garden—Its origin—Thomas Dover—The “quicksilver doctor”—His exploits _pages_ 102-117