Part V.

TITAT 0.
rh Wealth, when we relieve the wants of any according to our Means. Beneficence is oHln Body, when we fuccour thofe who are benten. ' four kinds. when we inftrua:, cure, teach any good.
(jn Speech, he, who pleadeth in defence of another, helpeth him in words.
r Legal, impofing an end to things by Decree.
The of things^ fuch as days, years, and hours have,
is of four kinds. as the building of a Houle.
(^Accidental, by. chance, unexpeHed. ;
Of '^(mers are four kinds.
Of Humanity three kinds.
^One in the mind, to think and conjeHure.
^Another of the Body, to walk, give, receive, and the like. /
(A third, confifting in a Multitude of Souldiers, and Hore oLWealtfe,- in which I refpe£l. Princes are called Powerful. > ' '
The fourth, as to fuffer good or evil to 'be done to us j as
as to be capable of Sicknpls, Learning, Health or the like.
'In Calling, as thofe who cdl all they meet, and falutethem, taking them by > the hand. - - J' ru.’
fin relieving, in relieving the misfortunes of another willingly.
In Leajiing and Converjation,
mcity is db vided into five parts.
f:
Prudent Counfel, acquired by Learning and Experience.
Soundnefsof Senfes, confifting in the parts of 'the Body, as to fee with the Eyes, to hear with the Ears, to fmell and tafte.
Frofperity of Affairs, when tliofe things which a Man intendeth, he perform- j eth fully.
1 Good Reputation, among Men, when a Man is well Ipoken of.
Flenty of Riches, and things neceflary to life, lb as to be able to fupply Friends, and to perform Works of publick Magnificence : He who hath all r thefe five kinds is perfeSfly Happy. t
fThe firft diggeth out Metals, and fells Wood.
"Arts are of thre jThe fccond gives variety of lliape to things, as Wood- work and Iron- work, kinds. )The third maketh ufe of thefe, as Horfemanfliip of Bridles, Souldiery of
(^ Arms, Mufick of Inftruments.
f One, as when we call a Man good from his proper goodnels.
Good\% of four ^A lecond, as we call Virtue and Juftice it felf good, ftinds. .)A third, as we fay. Food, Exercife, and Medicines are beneficial.
(_The fourth good we call the afl of playing on Mufick, or afting in a Play.
nil, always capable to do Hurt, as Ignorance, Imprudence,Injuftice and the like. Of things fome jGood, the contrary to the former.
^Indifferent, which fometimes may benefit, Ibmetimes hurt, as walking, fit* ting, eating *, or cannot do hurt at all, being neither good nor bad.
rif the Laws be good. d If the Laws be well kept, i Uf without Laws the People live orderly by cuftoni.
^ If the Laws be bad for Natives and Foreigners.
3 If the Laws in being are not oblerved.
^If there are no Laws at all.
are
Good Goven^ ment is three¬ fold.
Ill Government is threefold.
/-> . rGoodtoill, as Juftice to Injuftice, Wifdom to Imprudence, and the Tike.
!///£'///, as Prodigality to Avarice, unjuft Torments to juft, threekinds. ^Neither to neither, as heavy to light, fwift to flow, black to white.
Good is of tliree, kinds.
'Some we have, ^s Juftice and Health.
Of fome we ^rticipate, as Good it felf cannot be had, but may be partici* pated.
• Some are Fixt, which we can neither have, nor participate, as to be virtuous and juft.
Confuftat ten
S'^rotn the Paft, by Example *, as what befell the Lacedemonians through over¬ much Confidence.
Prom the Prejent^ as confidering the Timoroufnefs of Men, weaknefs of ^ Walls, fcarcity of Provifion, and the like. from the Future^ as that Ambalfadors Ihould not be injured upon Sufpicion, left it caft Infamy upon all Greece.
r Animate, of living Creatures. r Articulate, of Men.
Voice is \ Inanimate, Sounds and Noife. I Inarticulate, of Beafts.
rLivifible, compounded dsSyl- (Homogeneous, confift of fimilar parts, dif- \ lables, Symphonies, living \ fering from the whole only in number, 'things zxt
) Indivijible, compounded of no- ) Heterogeneous, confift of diifimular parts.
(_ thing, as a point, found. (, . l ■
• (
fAb/oIute, requiring nothing elfe fo exprefs them, as, a Man, a Horfe, and S other creatures. . . .
Things are
> C and the like 5 for what is greater relates to fomething lefler, and the jike.
Thefe according to Arifiotle were Plato's divifions of firft things.
C H A P. IX*
His three Voyages to ^icily*
PLato made three Voyages to Sicily j the firft to fee the fiery ebullitions of Mtna, f and j not, e.piju improvelthe knowledge of States, and Phi- lofbphy, which he got by his other Travels j * uert. about the 40th year of his age, ^ at
what time Dionyjim the elder, Son of Hermocra- t In Dm: Kcigned in Syracufe •, + Plutarch faith, he
was led thither by Providence, not Fortune, and that fome good Genius, defigning afar off the Li¬ berty of the People of Syracufe, brought him ac¬ quainted with Lion then very young, who enter- . p. - .n tained him as his + Gueft : He much dilliked the Luxury of that place, Feafting, Noflurnal Lucubrations and the like •, converled frequently with Lion, difcourfed with him of thofe things which were beft in Man, and with his beft Ar¬ guments exhorted him thereto : by which he leemed to lay grounds for the fubverfion of that » p/«^. in D/- Tyranny, which afterwards hapned -, ^ Lion, me. though young, was the moft ingenious of all
Plato's followers, and moft eager in purfuit of Virtue, as appears as well by the Teftimony of Plato, as his own Aflions. Tho he had been brought up by the King in an effeminate Luxuri¬ ous kind of Life j yet as foon as he rafted of Philofophy, the guide to Virtue, his Soul was inflamed with love thereof, and from his own . Candor and Ingenuity was^ perfwaded that Lio- nyfius would be no lefs. affeffed therewith : And therefore defired him when he was at leifure, to admit and hear Plato ; Hereupon the Tyrant fent for him, at that meeting all their Di- Icourfe was concerning Fortitude : Plato affirmed none was further from that Virtue than a Ty¬ rant, and, proceeding to fpeak of Juftice, af- ferted the Life of the Juft to be Happy, of the llnjuft, Miferable. was difpleafed at
this Difeourfe (as reflefting upon himfelf) and with the ftanders by for approving it, at laft, much exafperated, he asked Plato' why he came
into Sicily > Plato anfwered, to feek a good Man : It feems, reply’d Lioi^fms, you have not yet found, him. Laertius faith, Plato Dilputed with him concerning Tyranny, affirming, that is not beft which benefits our lelves, unlefs it be excellent alfo in Virtue *, whereat Lionyjius in- cenfed, laid to him, your difeourfe favours of old age : and yours, anfwered Plato, of Tyran¬ ny. Lionyfius, eriraged, commanded him to be put to Death : I will have, laid he, your head taken off.* At which words Xenocraies being prefent, anfwered, He that doth it muji begin with mine : but Lion and Arifonienes wrought with him to revoke that Sentence^ Lion thinking his Anger would have proceeded no farther, fent Plato away at his own requeft in a Ship which carried PolHs (whom Laertius calls Polis, JE- lian, Palis,) a Lacedemonian Captain fwho at that time had been lent to Embaffador to Lio~ nyfms) back to Greece : Lionyjrus lecretly defi¬ red Pollis to kill him whillt he was on Ship- board ; or if not, by all means to fell him,alledg- ing, it would be no injury voiPlato, for he would be as Happy in Bondage as at Liberty, as being a juft Man. Some affirm the occafion of Liony- files his Anger was, becaufe, that when he asked what was the beft Brafs, Plato anfwered, that whereof the Statues of ^ Arijiogiton and Har- ^ modius wQXQ made. Others, that it was becaufe he was overmaftered in Learning. But Tzetzes Brother ot rejefling thele as idle Fictions of Philofophers. nippias the and Falfifiers, affirms the true Realon to have Tyrant of a- been, that he perceived, he advifed Lion to pof feft Bmfelf of the Kingdom: Pollis Tranfportedyjyi-^irW-e weri him to JEgina', there Charmander, Son ofcxpelled. Charmandrites, accufedhim, as meriting Death, by a Law ffiey had made, that the firft Atheni¬ an that flioulcrcome to that Ifland, ftiould, with¬ out being fuffered to fpeak for himlelfj be put • to Death: Which Law, usPhavorinus affirms, he himfelf made. One that was prelent, faying- in fport, he is a Philofopher, they let hirn at liberty : Some fay, they brought him to the pub- lick Affembly, to plead for himlelf, where he would not fpeak a word, but underwent all with a great Courage. Then they altered their
intent