Part III

^ Deriding So¬ crates as Igno¬ rant in Gram¬
mar.
t A meal- trougii, the Greek word hath a mafcu- line termina¬ tion bat femi nine Article.
’ Effeminate Cowards.
For I was cheated by a Meal-man lately Two pecks.
Socr. Thafsnotthe thing that I demand-, rde know which you conceive the foireft mea- fure,
The Tr 'metcr.^ or the Tetrameter.
Strep f. The faireft meafure in my mind is a Bufhel.
Socr. Tis nothing that you fay.
Strep/. What will you lay That your Tetrarneter holds not a Bufliel ?
Away, away, how dull thou art, and blockifh.
But thou wilt be perhaps more apt at Rhime. Strep/ What help can Rhimes afford me in my meal ?
Socr. Firft,they will make thee plealant in all Company.
Then thou (halt know which fuits with Ana- psftick,
And which with Da£lyles.
Strep/ Dadyles ? I know that fure.
Socr. Why what’s a DdQyle.
Strep/. What , but this lame Finger,
T’has been a Daftyle ere fince I was Child. Socr. Th’art an unprofitable Dunce.
Strep/. I care not For learning thefe devices.
Socr. What then wouldft thou ?
Strep/ That, unjufl and cheating Sophifly. Socr. But there are things that mull be learnt before
You come to that j what Creatures are there Mafculine?
Strep/SmQ I know that, or I were mad indeed. A Ram, a Bull, a Goat, a Dog, a Pigeon.
Socr. ^ See how thou err’ft, that calPfl both Male and Female A Pigeon. '
Strep/ Right by Neptune.^ how then muft I? Socr. Call this a Cock-pigeon,and that a Hen. Strep/ A Pigeon, Cock and Hen, ha ! by this Air,
For this foie document, I will replenilh Your t with meal. ,
Socr. Again th’art wrong -,
Thou caU’ft it Qardopus.^ but ’tis hcec Cardopm ,
• And therefore henceforth call it Cardopa..
Next it is fit you know which names are Maf¬ culine,
And which are Teminine.
Strep/. I know well which Are feminine Pm fure.
Socr. Let’s hear.
Strep/ Fhilina.,
Cittdgora.^ Demetrta, and Ty/inna ’
Socr. And which are Mafculine f*
Strep/. A World, Fhiloxenus,
Mele/as., and Amin'ias.
Socr. Thou art out.
Strep/. Are not thefe Mafculine with you ^ Socr. ^ By no means.
How if you law Amynias.^ would you call him ^ Strep/. Amyn'ia.^ ho!
Socr. What, make a Woman of him ?
Strep/ And reafon good, h’has thrown a- way his Arms, ■ ’ '
And'will not fight. But to what purpofe learn 1
Thefe common trifles?
Socr. Not fo common neither,
But come, lie down.
Strep/ What mult I do Socr. Coiilider
Within your felf the bulinels that concerns you.
Strep/. Not in this Bed,I thank you, if I mult Lie down, Fll meditate upon the Ground.
Soc7\ But here’s no room befides.
Strep/. Wretch that I am.
How lhall I be tormented with thele fleas,/
Socr. Now think into the depth of thy aftairs.
Try every turn and winding, every double;
And if you flick at any thing : giv’t ore.
And to fome other; but be fure you fleep nor.
Strep/. Oh, oh.
Socr. How now , the matter ?
Strep/. I am kill’d
By thele Blood-liickers, thele Corinthians.
Socr. Do not torment your lelf Strep/. How canichoole When I have neither money left, nor colour.
Scarce Life, no Shooes, grown almofl to a Ghoft with watching ?
Socr. Now what think y’on, nothing Strep/. Yes By Neptttne .
Socr. W^hat
Strep/ Pm thinking if the Fleas Will leave a piece of me or not.
Socr. Death on thee.
Strep/. You_ might ‘have Ipar’d your Curie,
I’m dead already.
Socr. Fy, fy, you muft not be fo tender, ^ ^ So Socrates cover
Your Face, and ftudy for fome fubtle cheat. druslt\at%- Strep/. Would I could learn to cheat thele terio’ur ob- wicked Fleas. not
Socr. Let’s fee, what does he ? what afleep, '>
ha-yethought .
Of nothing yet ? derides.
Strep/. What would you have me think on ?
Socr. What would you learn ?
Strep/. I have told you that already A thouland times ; Fde learn to pay no Ule- Money.
Socr. Come then, cover your felf, and fub- tilize
Your thoughts, Diire£l your Bulinels into Atomes.
Strep/. Alas!
Socr. Lye ftill, and if you flick at any thing,
Pafs by it a while, and come to it again.
Strep/.. Ho, my dear Socrates.
Socr. What is’t old Man ^
Strep/. I have found out what will do it.
Soc7'. As how.
Strep/. Firft tell me
Where I may meet with fome Thejfalian witch ;
For I would fteal the Moon one of' thefe nights ,
And having got her, lock her in a Cheft As charily as I would keep a Glals.
Socr. What wilt thou get by that ?
Strep/. What, if the Moon Ne’r rile again. I’m bound to pay no ule.
Socr. Hqw fo ?
Strep/. ’Caufe ufe you kpow is paid by th’
Month.
' Socr.
p A a T. IIP
S 0 C K AT E S.
Tro
another
Socr. ’Tis well, but Ill propound Bufinels ^
Suppoie that you were tied upon a Statute To pay five Talents, could you rafe Figures f* Strep/. I know nor, but III try.
Socr. You rauft not limit Your thoughts fo narrowly within yoYr felf,
But like a Beetle fetter’d in a thread,^
Allow them play, and flutter in the Air.
Strep/ I ha’t, I ha’tj the rareft way to cancel A deed, asyoul confefs when you have heard it. Socr. F^liat is’t >
Strep/. Did you nere fee at any Grocers A clear tranfparent ftone, with which they ufe To kindle fire ?
Socr. You mean a Burning-glafs.
StrepJ. The very fame.
Socr. What woiildft thou do with It ?
Strep/ Whilfl; that the Scrivener writes the deed, d’ye mark,
Thus ftanding by him with my Burning,-glals Agairift the Sun, I’ll burn out every letter. Socr. Wifely, by all the Graces.
Strep/. How I long To cancel thus a bond of fifty pound.
Socr. ’Tis well, now tell me if thy adverlary Sue thee, and thou art like to be overthrown For want of witnelTes, how wilt thou void Hisfuit ? ,
Strep/ Moft eafily. I
Socr. Which way ? '
Strep/ Before
It comes to Judgment, I would hang my lelf. Socr. Pifh , thou layfl: nothing.
Strep/ Yes by Jove there’s none will prolecute a Suit againft the Dead.
Socr. Away, thou fool’ft. I’ll teach no more. Sirepf. Dear Socrates Why
Socr. Thou forget^ft as faff as thou canfl learn. Tell me the firft thing thou wert taught to day. Strep/. The firft •, ftay let me fee ; the firft thing fay you ?
How call you that we ufe to put our Meal in ? Wretch I have forgot it !
Socr. See, delerveft thou not Forgetful to be puniftit for a Dunce.
Strep/ Alas what (hall I do ? for if I learn not
The cheating language. I’m quite undone ? Good Clouds advile me what courfe I (hall take.
Cho. ‘ If an ingenious Son thou haft at home,
‘ Thou hadft beft fend him hither in thy. room.
Strep/ I have a Son, and he’s ingenious too 5 But will not learii, the more my mifery.
Cho. And wilt thou fuffer it ^ ’
Strep/ Of a promifing perfon His Mother is a Woman of great Spirit :
Once more I’ll try j if he refufe, III make No more ado but turn him out of doors Stay but a while. I’ll be quickly back. ■-
ACT. Ill
Strep/iades^ Vhtdippides., Soerutes,
ow
by the Clouds thou no longer here.^ ■ H^nce, and go feed iil Megacles his Stable.
ftaift
Fhid. Alas what fury hath pofleftyon Father?
By Jove I think you are befides your Dlft Strep/. See,, fee, he Iwears by Jove.^ art thou not mad
At thefe years to believe there is a Jove ?
Fhid. Is truth to be derided ?
Strep/. Well, I fee
Th’artftill a Child, and crediteft old wives Tales.
Come, and I will tell thee what ftall make thee A Man, fo you be fure to tell it no body.
Phin. Pretty ^ what is it*
Strep/. Thou fwor^ft e’n now by Jpi^.
Phid. Ididfo.
Strep/. See how good it is is to learn j There’s no fuch thing as Jove.
P^/V. What then Strep/. A Whirl-wind
Hath blown Jove quite away, and rules all Heaven.
Phid. What fooleries are thefe ?
Strep/. They are ferious truth. Son.
Phid. Who tells you fo .*
Strep/. Our Socrates the ^ Melian, As if he
And Chderephon., that trace the fteps of Fleas, fhould fiy, the Phid. Howare you grown to fucli a height = h>r
Madnefs wi“fa’o«s
As to believe fuch Melancholy Dreamers ? Athifm Strep/.Qoo^ words: Defame not Men offrcinDw|0Mi flich deep Wifdom ' profeft
And fubtle Spirits i thefe live fparingly, “^5
Are never at the charges of a Barber, to Arifictgorasu
Unguents, or Baths, whereas thou wafteft my Meltan. Sec • means 3*
As freely as if I were dead already.
Come then, and be their Scholar in my room.
Phid. What can be learnt that’s good of Inch as they are
Strep/. All things that are accounted wifdom.
Boy *,
And firft to know thy felf, and what a dunce Thou art, how blockilh ruftick, .and forgetful.
But ftay a little, cover thy face a wdflle.
Phid. Alas.' my Father’s mad,what fliall I do,
Accule him to the Court of Folly, or Befpeaka Coffin for him, -for he talks '•
Idly, as he were drawing on '
Strep/. ComQonnov^.
Lets fee, what’s that ' i
Phid. A Pigeon. : ' . ' -
. Strfph. Good ; and that ? , “ '
Phid. A Pigeon.
Strep/. Both the fame ? ridiculous.
Take heed you make not fuch miftakes here-
This you muft call a Cock, and that a Hen.
Phid. AHen.^ Is, this the goodly learning^
Father, •
You got fince your admiflion amqngft thefe ,r. Earth-worms?
Strep/. This and- a great deal more j but be¬ ing old, • ,i.
I foon forget what I am taught. ^ .
. Yhid. I think
I’Twas want of Memory made you lofe your Cloak. . .
Strep/. No, ’tis hung up upon the A,ns and Sci-
.ences.
Phid. And
laV
-S
:rh
'.UiiTI
I lo
SOCRATES.
Part. III.
Fhid. And where your Shooes ?
Strep/. Loft for the common good,
Ljke Pericles : But let’s be gone, and fee You learn to obey me, and to wrong all elfe. Remember that 1 bought thee, when thou wert But fix years old, a little Cart to play with. Phid. Alas you’ll be the hrft that wall re¬ pent this,
Strepf Take you no care for that, do as I bid you.
Ho, Socrates.^ I’ve brought my Son at laft. Though much againft his Will.
Socr. Ay, that’s becaule He’s rude, untaught, a Child of Ignorance,
And unaquainted with Cur hungry Baskets. Phid. Go hang your felf in one of them. Strep/ How Impudence ! doft thou talk thu s to thy Tvl after ?
Siocr. So go hang, with what a feeming grace was that pronounc’d !
How do you think that he fhould ever learn To overthrow a nimble Adverlary^
Or win a Judge’s Heart iviih Rhetorick ?
Strep/ Fear not, but teach him ^ he’s ingenious By nature ; for when he was but a little one. He’d build you Houfes , and make Leather Coaches,
And Ships, and cut Frogs out of Apple parings. What’s your Opinion then ? Do you not think He’s capable to learn both Languages ?
Or if not both, be fure he learn thewmiTe. Socr. Well,' we fhall try -what may be done • withiiim.
Strep/ Farewell, and fo remember that in all I fay that’s juft, you learn to contradiH: me.
A C T. III.
SCENE I. Strepjiadef.
, St 'repJ. ‘^'1 ''He ^ fifth, the fourth, the third,- the
l.fecond.'hum-,
of the mouth^ The. moft abhorr’d and dreadful day’s at hand, they reckoned The old and new 5 all I ovve Money to backward, fee Threaten fo fue, and vow-my utter ruin ^
^kn ^et I require nothing but What is juft realbn :
My friend' forbear me till Tome other time-. But they all anfw'er me, words are no payment,- Revile me, fwear they’ll put their Bonds in fuir, ■ : . .. v.
And let’em, what care I, {o' my Phidippitles Have learnt the art of diieating: : I lhall know ftraight; Y\.'
Ids but knocking at the School -, ho Soril
L
' SCENE II. Strepf ades., Soerdtes.
Socr. QAve you,
. Strep/ The like tojfou. ; t Such gifts t-Firft take this Bag of Meal, for it is’fit Sxrates tome- yjpQ p^y Q^J. yeyerend Mafter. .
e™^dwugh' me,- has my Soh-atb-in’d the Art
nor moncy.Sce Lot which I plac’d him with you ?
Chap. >5'(?cr. Yes exaOily. ' ■■ ■
Strep/ Thanks to Deceit, the Queen that . governs all things. • ■
. Socr. Now you may overtlnow all Adver- ■ ■ • laries.
What though a Wfttnefs fwear - that I have borrow^ed.
Socr. Ay, though a thoufind fwear it.
Strep/ Ib. Ib.
Triumph my Boys, woe to you Money- mon- gers, • '
You and your Bonds, your ufe on ufe may hang now.
You’ll trouble me no more ! O what a Son Havel, thatfenceth with a two-edg’d Tongue, My Houfes Prop, and Guardian, my Foes ter- rour.
Quickly come forth, and meet my glad Em¬ braces,
Come forth and hear dry Father.
Socr. See the Man.
Strep/ O my dear Boy !
Socr. Awa A and take him with you.
SCENE III.
Strep/uides.^ Phidippides.
Strep/*'YO my Son ! O how I joy to fee
X Thy chang’d Comiplexion ! ThoU look’ft now methinks As thou wert infpk’d with contraQion, i I read crofs queftions in thy very Face,
Thy very Eyes methinks fay, how, how’s that ? Thou canft perfwade the World that thou art ' wrong’d.
When thou art, he that does the wrong. I fee’f, I plainly fee’t j a very Attick mine ;
Now let it be thy ftudy to recover Him, whom thou almoft haft undone.
I Phid. Why, what Is’t that you fear ?
Strep/ The old and the new day.
Phid Can one and the fame day be old and new ?
Strepf. I know that .• Fm fure my Creditors By joint-confent that day threaten to fue me. Phid. They’ll lofe by it if they do : For,- ’tis impOlfible To make two days of one.
Strep/. How is’t impoffible,^
Phid. As for a Woman to be old and young. At once.
Strep/ But Law has fo determined it Phid. But thefe Men know not what the Law doth mean.
Strep/. Why what’s the meaning of it. t Phid. Antient So/on.
Was naturally a Lover of the People.
Strep/. What’s that to this ?
Phid. He did appoint two days, ■
The laft d'ay of the old month for citation, Thefirft o’th’new for payment of the Money. Strep/Pm. why the laft day for citations? Phid. That
The debtor having thus one day of warning. Might fly and ftiun the trouble of the next. Socr. Why do the Magiftrates then take all ■forfeits
Upon the old and new day ?
phid. They are hungry.
And tafte their Meat before they fhould fall to. Strep/ lo, -Ye fools that fit ftill and do no¬ thing.
We that are wife and quick have done the bu- finels i
Ye Blocks, ye Stones, ye Sheep , ye empty Bubbles j , Let
f Seethe life of Sff/on. Chap.
P A R. IIL
SOCRATES.
Ill
Let me congratulate this Son of mine.
My felf and my Good Fortune in a Song.
‘ Now Strepfiades th’ art bleft,
‘ Of the moft difcreet the belt,
‘ What a Son thou haft, now may ‘ All my aemulous Neighbours fay^
‘ When they hear that he alone ' V ‘ Hath my Creditors o’r thrown.
But come my Boy, now thou ftialt feaft with
me.
Se0:. 4. Tafias., Strepfiades., Witnefsi
^af. AND muft a Man be outed of his own thus ?
Better take any courfe than fuffer this.
You muft affift me in this bufinefs neighbour, That I may call my debtor to account ^
There’s one Friend made a Foe-, yet Til not ftiame
My Country, ere I do it^ Fll give him warn¬ ing.
Strepfiades.
Strep/. How now, what would you have .^
Taf. The old and new day’s come.
Strep/. Bear witnefs Friend,
He nam’d two days. What fum is’t you de¬ mand ?
Va/. Twelve pounds you borrowed when you ' bought your Son A Race-horfe with the Intereft.
Strep/. A Race-horfe.'
You know I neer car‘d for em in my Life.
Ida/. And fwor‘ft by Jove and all the Gods to pay it.
StrepJ. By Jove ? ’twas then before my Son had learnt
The all-convincing Speech.
Ida/. You’ll not deny it. ■
Strep/. What have I got but that for all this Learning ?
Ta/ Dar’ft thou deny it, if I ftiould put thee to
Thy Oath, and make thee call the Gods to witnefs it ?
Strep/. What Gods d’ye mean ?
Ta/. Jove , Mercury, and Neptune.
Strep/.'^Y Jove ? Yes that I will I hold thee threepence.
Ta/. Curfe on thee for this Impudence.
Strep/Vd thou wert rubbed withSalt,’twOuld make thy Wit the quicker,
Va/ D'ye Laugh at me ?
Strep/. Thou wilt take up fix Bufhels.
Ta/ So help me Jupiter, and all the Gods, I will be even with you for this fcorn.
Strep/. Lm extreamly taken with yout Gods,
And this fame Jupiter you fwear by , they Are excellent Paftime to a knowing Man.
Ta/. Well, you will one day anfwer for thefe words.
But tell me whether I ftiall have my Money Or not, give me my Anfwer, and I am gone.
Strep/. Stay but a little, I will anfwer pre- fently.
And plainly.
Fa/. Sure he’s^ gone to fetch the Money.
Strep/ Where is the Man that comes to ask me Money ?
Tell me, what’s this.^
Fa/. That which it is, a Cardopus*
Strep/. You ask for Money,, and fo very a Dunce !
I’ll never whilft I live pay him a Penny,
That calls a Cardopa a Cardopust Fa/. You will not pay then ?
■Strep/ Not for ought I know : .■ I -.V
You’ll ftay no longer, pray about your Bufinefs.
Fa/. Yes Pll be gone, but in the mean time know
Pll have my Money, if I live this day.
Strep/. You may chance go without it -, yet I’m forry . -
You fhould be punifh’d lb for a miftake^ .
For faying for Cardopa.
SCENE VIII.
Amynias, Strepfiades, Witnefs.
Aniyn. /^H, oh, alas !
Strep/. Who’s that keeps fuch a bawling ?
What art thou? one of ^ Karkim/s''s Sons ? vvhicluvei-e Amyn. ’Tis I, unhappy I ! Xemcks , Xe-
Strep/. Keep it to thy felf. notimus, and
Amyn. Unlucky chance, oh cruel Peftiny, ^
To fpoil at once my Cart and all my Horfes .' a/d t Oh Fall rtf, how unkindly haft thou ufed me ? f This and the
Strep/. What hurt did ever Tlepolemus do following line 2 - are taken froni
Deride me not, but rather bid your Son xrScdia?^ Pay me the Money which he had of me, which is the
For I was never in more need of it. roafon of
Strep/ What Money,Man ? s^-epflades his
Amyn. That which he borrowed of me. ”
Strep/. Then I perceive you’re in a fad condi¬ tion. ^
Amyn. I had a fcurvy fall driving my Horfes.
Strep/. Thou doft but jeft, ’twas driving an Afs rather.
Amyn. I do not jeft when I demand my Money.
Strep/. Upon my word thou art not right.
Amyn. How fo ?
Strep/. Thy Brain methinks is troubled.
Amyn. Either pay me My Money ftrait, or I will trouble you.
Strep/. Tell ' me. Doth Jove beget and fend down Rain,
Or doth the Sun exhale it from the Sea ? '
Amyn. I neither know nor care*
Strep/. What? are you fit To receive Money, and fo ignorant Of thefe fublime and fiibtle Myfteries?
Amyn. Well, if you cannot let me have the Principal,
Pay me the Intereft.
Strep/. Intereft, what kind Of Creature's that ?
Amyn. What^ut the increafe of Money By Months and Days, as time runs on.
Strep/ ’Tis well.
And do you think the Sea is fuller now Than *twas at firft ?
Amyn. No, not a diop, it is
Not fit it fhould- , r- •
Strep f The Sea by your Confeffion , .
Is nothing grown thten with what Confciehcef,
Cah
\
The Horfe’s name which
Can you defire your Money fhould encreafe. ^ Go get you from my Doors, fetch me a whip there.
Wit?7. Well, ril bear witnefs for him. Strep/. Why d‘ye not go, will you move ^ Sofnphoras ?
noulhfof •
him.
Strep/ Will you be gone f"
Or fliall I lead you in a Chain, and make you Shew tricks ? If you ftay but a little longer. Ill fend you, and your Cart and Horfes packing.
Chor. Now obferve what it is to bend ‘ Studies to an evil end.
‘ This old Man, that is intent ‘ Creditors to Circumvent,
‘ Foolifhly himfelf hath croft,
‘ And will find fo to his coft j ‘ That in this falfe Art his Son ‘ Hath attain’d perfe£lion :
‘ Juftice cunning to refute,
‘ That at latt hell wifh him mute.
ACT V.
f
SCENE I.
Stt'ep/ades^ Phidippides.
Strep/ Neighbours, Kinfinen, Country- V_y mep, help, help.
I’m beat, all, all over, oh my head, my back ! Thou ftrik’ft thy Father, Rogue.
Phid. 1 do fo. Father.
Strep/ See, fee, he ftands in it too.
Phid. I do indeed.
Strep/ Thief, Villain, Parricide.
Phid. More I befeech you,
I am much taken with thefe pretty Titles. Strep/. Rafcal.
Phid. Pray flick me fuller of thefe Rofes: Strep/ Doft beat thy Father ?
Phid. Yes by /ove, and juftly.
Strep/. Oh Rogue, what Juftice can there be in that
Phid. I will demonftrate it by Argument. Strep/ By Argument ?
Phid. Moft eafily, which Language fhall I difputein ?
Strep/. Language ?
Phid. Yes, the greater Or leffer ?
StrepJ. I have bred thee well indeed If' thou canft make this good, that any Son May beat his Father.
Phid. Youll confefs as much If I fb prove it, that you cannot anfwcr it. Strep/. Well, I will hear for once what you can fay.
SCENE II.
Chort/s^ Strep/ Phidip.
Chor.f^LD Man, it much concerns you to confute
‘Your Son, whofe confidence appears . to fuit ‘ With a juft caufe *, how happen’d this difpute.^ Strep/. I fhall relate it from the firft ^ as loon As we had dined, I took a Lute and bid him Sing the Ship-fhearing of Simonides :
He told me ’twas an old and ugly'Fafhion To fing at dinner like a Miller’s Wife.
Phid. And was not this fufficient to delerve A beating ^ when you’d make Men chirp like
t Grafs-hop^rs ? • At Noon,
Strep/. Juft fo he faid within ; and added that Simonides was an unpleafant Poet.
I muft confefs I hardly could ‘forbear him ;
Bur then I bid him take a Myrtle-branch And aQ fome piece (PsM/chylus : That JF/chylus.^
Saith he, is of all Poets the abfurdeft,
The harfheft, moft difbrderly, and bombaft.
Did not my heart pant at this Language think you ?
Yet I repreft it •, then faid I, rehearfe A learned Speech out of fome modern wit ^
He .ftrait repeats out of Euripides A tedious long Oration, how the Brother ( Good Heavens) did violate the Sifter’s Bed.
Here I confefs I could contain no longer But chid him Iharply*; to difpute we went.
Words upon words, till he at laft to blows.
To ftrike, to pull , to tear me.
Phid. And not juftly ?
Yoii that would dilcommend Euripides.,
The wileft of all Poets.
Strep/. Wifeft ? ah
What did I fay I fhall be beat again.
Phid. By Jove and you deferve it.
Strep/. How, deferve it ?
Ungrateful Wretch, have I not brought thee up Fed, and mantain’d thee from a little one.
Supplied thy wants .^How then can I deferve it.^
Chor. ‘ Now I believe each youthful breaft ‘ With expedation poffeft,
‘ That it the Glory of the Day ‘ Be from the Plantiffborn away,
‘ By this Example they may all ‘ Upon the Old Men heavy fall •,
‘ What you have done with utmoft art,
‘ To juftifie is now your part.
Phid.}PoYi fweet it is to ftudy,fage new things;
And to contemn all fundamental Laws !
When I applied my mind to Horfe-courfing I could not fpeak three words but I was out j Now fince I gave it ore, I am aquainted With ponderous Sentences, and fubtle Reafbns,
Able to prove I ought to beat my Father.
Strep/. Nay, '"follow Racing ftill, for I had rather
Maintain thy Horfes, than be beaten thus.
Phid. I will begin where you did interrupt me,
And firft will ask. Did you not beat me when I was a Child ?
Strep/. But that was out of Love.
Phid. ’Tis very right, tell me then, ought not I To recompence your Love with equal Love >
If to be beaten be to be belov'd.
Why fhould I fuffer ftripes,and you have none.^
I am by nature born as free as you ^
Nor is it fit the Sons fhould be chaftiz’d,
And not their Parents.
Strep/. Why ?
Phid. You urge the Law,
That doth allow all Children to be beaten :
To which I anfwer, old Men are tvvice Children,
And therefore ought when they offend, be punifhed As well as we.
Strep/. But there’s no Law that fays
The
Part. HI.
S 0 C K A T E s:
I
mi—
u
The Parents Ihould be puniOied.
Phid. Was not he
Who made that Law a Man as you and I ?
He forrrf d a Law, which all the old Men fol¬ low’d.
Why may not I as well prefcribe another,
And all the young Men follow my advice?
But ail the Blows before this Law was made Muft be forgiven without all difpute.
Befides, mark how the Cocks and other crea¬ tures
Fight with their Sires, who differ not at all From us, lave ^ only that they make no Laws. Strep/. Why thenj if you will imitate the Cocks ,
Do you not dine upon a Dunghil, and Lodge in a Hen-rooft ?
Phid. ’Tis not all one cafe.
Our Socrates doth not approve fo far. ^
Strep/. Approve not then their fighting, but in this
Thou pleadefl againft thy felf Phid. ,^ow fo ? ,
Strep/. Becaufe
Th’authority I exercife ore thee
VVill be thjne own, when ere thou haft a Son.
Phid. But if I nere have any, then I never Shall have Authority, and you will go To th’ Grave deriding me.
Strep/. ’Tis too much reafon. ^
Phid. He5r now another Argument.
Strep/. I'm loft.
Phid. And then perhaps you’ll take the blows I give you Not half fo ill.
Strep/. What good lhall I get by them ? Phid. ril beat my Mother too.
What fayft thou. ^
Why this is worle than t’other.
Phid. What if I
Prove by the fecond Language that I, ought ? ■Strep/. Why then you will have' nothing more to do.
But prove that you, and your wife Socrates.^ And wifer Language may hang all together. O Clouds, all this I fuffer through your means, Fori in ydu wholly repos’d my truft.
Chor. Thy felf art Amthor of, this mifery, * Becaufe to ill thou didft thy 'mind apply. Strep/. Why did you then giveiiieno war¬ ning of it.^
You know I was a rude and aged Man.
Chor. ‘ This is our Cuftom whenfoe’r we find ‘ Any to malice or deceit inclin’d,.
‘ Into feme dreadful mifehief fuch wethruft,
‘ That they may fear the Gods, and learn what’s ‘juft.
Slrep/ Alas, this is a mifchief,and ajiift oRe,-- ■ For ought I not, when I.fiad borrowed JMoney, To feek out ways^hwid refto^fig it.'- Cometftien .n^^. Son, plot’s feerevepg’djj , j IjlpouThat dk\-\^:U}^f.^hon/,
. . 'fl
Who' . tove .afc w .u^Wfh- : yKAi,wiJipfj*w,g, My ;
.)
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A , t ' '
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A
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Strep/ Reverence Celeftial Jove.
Phid. Celeftial Jove fee how you rave now Father :
There’s no fuch thing as Jove.
Strep/. There is.
Phid. ^ AWhirle-wind Alt. in.
Hath blown Jove quite away, and rules all Heaven.
Strep/ No Son, he’s not expell’d, I Was but fool’d
To worfhip in his room a fictile Deity.
Phid. Nay if you will needs be mad, be mad alone.
SCENE III '
Strep/iades.
Strep/'\/rAD that I was to truft in tes^ md caft off all our Gods ^ d^oodMercur/
Be not difpleas’d, -orpunifli, but forgive me,
That rook fuch pains, and ftudied to talk idly.
And tell me what I’d beft do with thefe Fel¬ lows,
Sue them or punifh ’em feme other way — •
Th’art in the right, I will not fee them then.
But as thou bidft me, fet their N-eft on Fire ^
Come XanthiaSy come, a Fork and a Ladder quickly, ■
Get up and pluck the Houfe about their Ears^
Quick if tliou loveft thy Mafter ^ one of you ,Go' light a=- Torch, and bring it hither ftr'ait Proud as they are I mean to bring ’em lower
^ SCENE IV.
Scholas'y Strep/iadesy ' Socrates^ Chxrephon.
Schol. oh!
. Strep/ Torch to thy work *, fet
Fire apace.
Schdl What art thou doing, Man Strep/. '/That which I am doing;
Difpiiting femewhat hotly with your Scliool here.
Sc])(d>. Alas , ' who’s this that fets our Houfe onFire?'. -
Strep/. He whom you couferfd^oF his Cloak.
Schot. Thoukill’fl,;.;,,.
Thou kiU’ftuS;. T'^4.' .
That'isTlfe^thlng Tmean,
If my Fork hdjd^' and iTddef do'*' nm Socr. How now, .what'dayou ipake on .our . Houfe-ridge. . . ' , . •
Strep/. 1 1 walk in the Air and gaze upon the ^ Aft ir.
Sun.' , Scene HE
Socr. Alas I’m choak’d.
‘ ^Strep/ Why doft thou fcorn the Gods , .T then? • , ,ro:n '
ChJtr. Oh me' ri)urn‘-, ,
Strep/. Novyj^you The motions ofi thb
. ■•■burn', lem.''-; Lei /ifeb vj! iqzeetuc' -' ' "ai
Tor many. Teafons 'drey vd^feivd.^hs Fljffrie; f
But molt they did iM Gods ffifclarm." ->
T, . . oil ni ■ .i u-ieT/; :tv.T
-Oean- . ••iff vHii. ■' med^o’ . -o -A b-ja y 'A>.jLjn7j;eI -.u f li fenbyrri. A
ui f' ■ ; Lot ‘dc - tori • ^
.T'cnr 1
ZENO-
Part. HI.
XENOPHON.
C H A P. I.
Xenophon, ^/V Country^ l^arents^ and following, of Socrates#
HO'U
* Laert.
I D^Loni^ev.
* Mmadiin i.
12.
XEnophonVJas an Atbenian^Son of Cryllusy^i the ErchieanTiihQ : the time of his birth is no where exprelly delivered Stef elides af
firms he died the firjiyearof the one hundred and fifth Olympiad, Lucian that he outlived ninety Tears : whence it is evident he was born at or before the firft year of the Eighty fecond O- lympiad, which if the learned had ob-
pofltion, that he was but ten years old, the 4th year of the eighty ninth Olympiad (the time of his SympofiunCyriittxtzs, he was then nolelsthart thirty fix years of age. Laertius faith, flourijh- ed the fourth year ^ the ninety fourth Olympiad, (Suidas redds of the ninety eight) Or,according to others, that he flourijhed in the eighty ninth Olym^ piad with the feji of Socratick Philofophers 5
lervedjhe had not ^ altered upon fup* of whom he became one upon this Accident.
1 ^ Meeting
Part. IIL
XENOPHON.
"5.
tl.
• Strxb. y. Laett.
+ Meeting Socrates in a narrow Lane, he ftopt him with his Staft^ &nd asked him. where all kind of Meats were to be fold ^ to which rm^-xmadea ferious Anfwer : And then deman¬ ded of him, where it was that Meii were made good and vertuous? whereat Xenophon paufing, fo//ow me then., laith he, anc^ learn ^ from thence-forward he became a DIffiple of Socrates.
In the time of that great War betwixt the 'Laeedimonians and Athenians., called the Pelo- ponneftan War (the natural forwardnefs of his Spirit, being perhaps excited by the example of his Matter Socrates) he was perfonally enga¬ ged in the fight before Delium^ the firtt year of the 8pth Olympiad, wherein the Boeotians over^ came the Athenians ^ in which defeat ^ Xeno¬ phon in the flight, unhorfed and thrown down, Socrates (who,his Horfe being likewife flain un¬ der him, fought on foot) took him upon his Shoulders, and carried him many furlongs, until the Enemy gave over the purfuit. This was the firtt eflay of his Military Profeflion, which he afterward refumed upon this occalion.
CHAP. II.
Upon what occafion he folloio'd Cyrus into Afia,
f Xenofh. ex- fedit. C)r.
lib. I.
Ad Grac, Epoc, can. Cbron, pag.
1 13.
f Xen. lib. 3.
t A Rtaxerxes fucceeded Darius his. Father, JlX in the Kingdom of Per (in:, Cyrm his younger Brother having been fent for out of his Government of Lydia upon his Father’s lick- nefs, which is that firtt plac’d by the
Arundelian ttone in the fecond year of the P3d Olympiad (confounded by ^ a Learned Perfon with the latter, fix years after) was imprifon’d by his Brother upon the accufation of TiJJapher- nes, but releafed by the mediation of his . Mo ther Paryfatis.PAn^ return’d to his GovernmeAt, he ufed all feceet means to ttrengthen himfelf. The Ionian Cities were deliver’d to Pijfaphernes by Artaxerxes., but revolted to him, all except Alyl cl us. His Pretences for levying Forces were, the Garrifoning of thofe Cities,and his oppofing Tiffaphernes : Ckarchu-s likewife railed for him many in Cherfonejiis., upon pretence of warring againtt the Thracians. He privately alfo kept an Army on foot in Thejfaly under Arifiippm : and Proxenus of Bceotia brought him Forces as againtt the Pijidians ; this Proxenus (who had been Scholar to Gorgh^ tfie Lebntine.psA t guett to Xenophon)^Qnt to invite him to Cyr us ^z^urmg him he fhould be of more etteem with him than of his own Country : Xenophon confulted with Socrates about this Letter, who doubting that if he took part with Cyrus, the Athenians fhould be difplealed with him (fAyrus having before aided the Lacedemonians againtt them) counfHled him to ask the advice of the Delphian Oracle, Xenophon went thither, and demanded of Apollo 10 wiiich of the Gods he fhould addrefs his vows, and facrifice for the good fuccefs of his intended Journey. He was anfwered, 'that he fhould facrifice to thofe Gods to whom it was due; Returning to Athens ^ he imparted this Oracle to Socrates, who blam’d him, becaufe he had not demanded whether it wasbett to ttay or 110, but(as already determin’d to go) how he might belt perform his journey ^ Neverthelefs
(faith he) fince you have fo propofed your de¬ mand, you mutt do as the Gods command :
Xenophon having facrificed according to the Ora¬ cles DireHion, took Shipping, and at Sardis found Proxenus and ready for their expe¬ dition into Afia-, and was immediately recom¬ mended to being by both earnettly in- treated to ttay ; He continued with him ^ not T
in any command, but as a Voluntier. t In which Epifl. condition he did not any thing misbefeeming a ad Metrtd. * Soldier, whereupon he was in tfie number of thofe whom Q'/v/j etteem’d mott.
^ Cyrus having drawn all his Forces together, y r, , . ■
marched up and gave Battle, to (in
the beginning of the fourth Year of the ninety Eaert. fourth Olympiad, when Zenenetus was Archon) at Cundxa-, five hundred Stadia from Babylon, by the River Euphrates.. Whiltt he was view¬ ing both Armies, he told Xenophon, who rode up to him, that the Sacrifices were aufpicious then Xenophon gave him the Grecians word, Ju¬ piter the Preferver. The Greeks prevailed a- gainft Tijfaphernes ^ but Cyrus aflaulting, the King was thro’ his too much forwardnefs, flain ; the Grecians thinking themfelves Matters of the Field, and Cyrus to be alive , return’d to their Camp, which they found rifled by the Enemy.
^ The next day the King fending Phalinus to • Xcnoph.rtb.2\ them to deliver their Arms, Xenophon anfwered ^ That they had nothing left but their Arms and Valour ^ as long as they kept their Arms, they might ufe their Valour, furrendringthem,
‘ they were not Matters of themfelves : It were ‘
‘ Jndilcretion (faith he) to furrender what we ‘ have left, fince thereby perhaps we may make ‘ our felves Matters of what you have. . Phali- \nus fmiling, replyed. Young Man, you look ‘ and fpeak like a Philofopher •, but affure ‘ your felf your Valour will not over matter the King’s Power. Clearchus returned this Anfwer for the whole Army, ‘ If we be etteem’d friends,
‘ it will be better for him that we are arm’d, if ‘ Enemies, better for our felves. Tifaphemes ha¬ ving made a Truce with Clearchus, perfidioufly got him with four other Commanders,P/’^7A'(?;?^^x,
Menpn, (+ with whom Xenophon had particular ^
Enmity). Agias, and Socrates, twenty Captains of Cohorts, and two hundred common Soldi¬ ers into his Power and delivering them up to the King, they were beheaded. 'The Greeks being fummoned to lay down their , Arms, pre¬ tending that Clearchus was executed for Treafon difcovered by Menon and Proxenus, who were very highly rewarded. Xenophon required to have them fent who were fittett to dire8: them, being Friends to both ^ whereto the Per- fans not able to anfwer, departed.
Laert.
CHAP. III.
How he brought off the Grecians Army.
^ 'X'HE Greeks finding themfelves in fuch a !
JL ftrait, were in defpair ever to fee their Country again. Xenophon calling together the Officers of Proxenus, told them, ‘ They were ‘ not to expe£t any Mercy from the King,
‘ who had ftiewn none to the body of his dead ‘ Brother, having fattned his head and hand to
P2 ‘a Gib-
XE Nap HON. Part//^
‘ a Gibbet, and that they muft refolve to put ‘ their lafety in their Arms. Apollomdes a Boe¬ otian alledg’d, that there was no means of fafety but in the King’s Favour, and began to reckon the dangers wherewith they were furrounded. Xenophon That when upon the. death
‘ of -Cyrus.^ they marched up to ■ the King’s *■ Armies, he laboured for a ceffation, but when ‘ thefr Captains went to him unarm’d, he abu- ‘ fed them ; and that Apollonides deferved to be ‘ calhiered, as the difhonour of his Nation, Agajihias replied, ( which words 'Laertius af- cribes to Xenophon) ‘ he was an inconfidera- ‘ ble Fellow, whofe Ears were bored as the ‘Slaves of Lydia-. So they turned him out. Having called together all the Commanders, Xenophon advifed them to choofe new in the room of thofe that were loft, of whom he was eleFled in the place of Proxenus ; Hereupon he put on his richeft habit, as fitteft either for death i/Elian. var,] or viftory, for his t greateft delight was in fair 24. ^ polilfted arms, aftirming, that if he overcame, he deferved fuch ^ if he were overcome, and died in the Field, they would decently exprels his Quality, and were the fitteft Se¬ pulchral Ornaments of a Valiant Man. His Shield was of Af-gos., his Breaft-plate of At- -V >. tica.^ his Helmet of Baotia., his Horfe of 'Epidauriumi whereby JLlian argued the E- legance of the Perfon, in choofing fuch things as were fair, and efteeming him worthy of fuch. Thus adorned, he made an Orati¬ on to the Army, advifing them (from the Examples of their late Com.manders) not to truft the Enemy, but in order to their return, to burn their Carriages and Tents : This ad¬ vice was p^it in Execution ; Cherifophus. a La- tedxmoman^ \a^ charge of the Van, Xenophon of the Reer, chofen (laich Chio) as well for his Courage as Wiflom, being in both excellent .* betwixt thele two there.grew fo great a friend- fhip , that in all the time^ of the Retreat , they ne'-er had but one difference ^ their March was direfted towards the heads of thofe great Rivers which lay in their way, that they might pals them where they were fordable j having crofted the River Zathe., Mithridates came up to them, and galled the Reer with Shot, which the Greeks not able to requite, Xenophon provi¬ ded two hundred Slings, and finding fifty Hor- fesfit for Service, imployed among the Carri¬ ages, mounted Men upon them, whereby ha¬ ving fr ultra ted the fecond attempt oLALthrida- t^^,they march’d to LariJJa., feated upon TygrA^ thence 4:0 in their march from thence ,
Tiffaphernes overtook them with a great Army, but was twice worfted ^ whereupon (as the fecureft Courfe ) he feized on a Mountain un- ^ der which they muft ofneceffity pdLs'y Xenophon vtith a Party gained by another way the top of that Mountain, not without much difficulty of paftage and trouble ; and to* animate his ^ Soldiers, one of them, named Soteridas., mur- ‘ • mured that he was on Horfeback , whereas
himfdf marched on Foot , opprefled with the weight of his Shield •, Vjhich Xenophon hearing, alighted, took his Shield from him, and thrulft ing him out of his Rank, marched ( notwith- handing he had alfo a Horfe-man’s Cuirals ) in his room ; But the Soldiers beat and revi¬
led Soteridas.^ till they conftrained him to take again his Shield and plaCe. When they had gained the top, the Enemy, being prevented , lied, andfet fire on the Villages. ^ TitQGre- * Xenophon aV//7x(intercepted by the River Tygris) marched 4* oyer the Mountains into the Country of the Carduchip People Enemy to the Ferjiansyou^h and Warlike, from whom they found fuch Oppolition, that in feven days March through their Country, they were put to continual fights, and fufferedmore diftrelfes than the Perfian had put them to. Fording the River Kentntes^ which bounds that Country, they palled into where having put to flight lome troops of Horfe, railed by the King’s Deputies in thele Parts to oppofe their palfage, they marched without dilturbance to the Heads of Tygris^ which they pafledj thence to the River of Telehoa in JVeJf Armenia^mole&A withextream Snows, lofing many by extremity of cold, till they came to the River Fhafis.^ near which liv’d the Phafiani.^ Tacchi.^ and the Cbaiybes ^ the Tacchi, into whole Country they firft came, conveying their Provilions into Itrong holds, re¬ duced the Greeks to great want, until with much Pains they forced one of them, where they took as much Cattle as maintained them in their Paftage through the Country of the Chalybes., a Uout Nation, of whom they could get nothing but blows: Thence they marched to the River harpafuspd) to the Seythidi., where the Lord of Gymniasy a Town in thofe Parts led them through the Enemies Country (which he willed them to burn as they went) to the Mountain Lhechesfiom whence they might be¬ hold the Sea, to the great Joy of the Soldiers- Palling friendly through the Country of the Ma- cronesy to the Colchian Mountains, difcomfiting the who oppoled them, they arrived at
'^LVapezondyi City upon the Euxine Sea, where was a Greek Colony -y here they facrificed and ce¬ lebrated Games ;t Cherifophus they fent to Ana- 1 Xenophon xibiusy the Lacedmuoniem Admiral,(with whom 5* he was intimate jto procure Ships for their tranf- portation home. Whilft they ftayed in expecta¬ tion of his return, they maintained thenrfelves by Incurfionsupon theCb/cA/, and Drylani', but he nor coming, and their Provifion failing, phon perlivaded the Cities adjoyning to clear them a paftage by Land, which they ^ took to Cerufusy 2i Greek City y where muftenng their Men, they found but eight thouland fix hun¬ dred left of ten thoufand that went up with Cyrus y the reft confum’d by Enemies, Snow,
^icknefs : They lhared the Money that had been ffiade by tfie lale of Captives, referving a tenth for ApollOy -OiiALiana: Xenophon
preferved his to be dilpofed at Delphi and Ephe- y/^x.From Cerafus they paifed through the Coun¬ try of the Mofy needy a barbarous People, divided into FaCfions -, the ftronger part defpifing their Friendlhip, they joyned with the weaker, whom they left Mailers of all ; Then they marched to the Chalybesy thence to the T/F quietly through their Country to Cotioray a Greek Town and Colony of the Sinopians.Lims far the Army marched on Foot ^ the diftance of the place where they fought with Artaxerxes to CotyorUy being one hundred twenty two En- campings, fix hundred twenty parafangs, ten
thoufand
t
P$^'’ R T. la XENOPHON.
thoufand eight hundred twenty furlongs, the tittle eight Months.
Thole of Cotyora refufing ,to afford them a Market, or entertainment tor their Sick, they entred the Town by force, and took Provifion, partly ontoi' Paphlagonia., partly out of the Ter¬ ritory of the Cot ionytes-, whereupon the City of Simpe., to which Cotyora was tributary, lent Ambafladors to them, complaining of this dealing, and threatning to join with Cory las and the Paphlagon'tanss whereto anfwered.
That they feared not.^ if need loere.^ to War a- gainjl them both., hut could., if they pleafed., gain the friendjhip of Corylas and the Paphla- gonians as well as they. Upon which Aniwer, the Ambaffadors growing calm , promifed them all Friendfhip from the State of Sinope., and to affilt them with Shipping for the whole Army , it being impofiible to go by Land, byreafonof the KwetsThermodonfialys^ Iris., and Parthenius. •
Xenophon had defigned to plant a Colony theie^ but his intention being divulged by Silanuf a Sooth- Payer, thole of Sinope and lieraclea., fent to the Grecians., prom i ling them not only a fufficient Fleet, but deliring -under-hand Twia- fion., a Greelc.Commmidet to promile the Army a good Sum of Money to convey them to Troas j which offers Xenophon (who only defined the common good) perfw'aded them to accept, and to engage mutually, not to forfake one another till they were all in fafety • Thole of' Heradea lent Shipping, but not the Money ; whereupon Tmafion and other Commanders fearing the Soldiers, defired Xenophon the Army might go to Phafsyvhlch he refufed, but there¬ by was occafioned a fufpicion that he Ihould Plot to deceive the Army, and to bring them back to P/wjfj', whereof he acquitted himlUf. Here a general Inquifition was made of all offences lince the death of Cyrus., and they were puniflied ; fomd acculed Xenophon for beating them, all which proved for julf cau- fes, one for offering to bury his lick Compa¬ nion alive •, fome forforfaking their Ranks 5 .0- thers for lying on the Ground in the Snow, or lingring behind. Thus were all things qui¬ etly fettled.
CHAP. IV.
End of the Retreat,
Xcn'iph. lib, 6, E Greekspisfoon as their Fleet was ready, A fet fail for Harmond., the Port of Sinope., when Chirifophus met them with fome Galleys, from Aficixibius., vyho promifed them pay is loon as they llrould come into Greece. The Army delitous of a General, intreated Xeno¬ phon (with extraordinary Teltiraony of affedfi- 011) to accept that Command : refufed,
either diffwaded by inaufpicious Sacrifice, or unwilling to difpleafe the Lacedemonians^ in putting by Chirifophuspmho was thereupon cho- fen,but foon after depofed, for refufing to ex¬ tort a great Suin from Ueradea., a Greek City, their Friends : Xenophon allb denying to be em¬ ployed therein, the Army thereupon became divided they . chofe ten Captains put of them-
felves i with Chirifophus remained two thou¬ fand. one hundred, with Xenophon two thou- land foot, and forty Horfe •, Chirifophus went by land to meet Cleander Governour of Byzan¬ tium., at the Mouth of the River Calphas^ leaving fuch Shipping as he had to Xenophon,who land¬ ing in the Confines of Thrace ^'dndol' the Hera- clean Country, marched quietly through the midft of the Land : The Mutineers landing at Calphas furprifed and Ipoiled the Country thereabout ; theThracians riling up againftthem^ cut off two Regiments, and befieged the Hill where the reft encamped. Xenophon on the way being inform’d of the defperate condition of thefe Greeks., went direffly to the place, fet- ting on fire Jie went all that was combtifti- ble i the Enemy fearing to be let upon in the Night,ftole away, as did the Greeks allb, whom Xenophon overtaking in the way to the Port of Calphas, they embrac’d him with great Joy, and arriving at the Haven, made a Decree that it Ihould be ‘ Death for any man to pro¬ pound to divide the Army, and that they Ihould depart the Country in their firft order.
The former Commanders being reftored in the room of Chirfophus, v/ho died, they fubfti- tuted Neon, who going forth with two thou* fand Men to Pillage the Country, was difcom- fitedby Pharnabazus, Lieutenant to the King of Pe7fia, tmd\o^ five hundred Men; the reft refcued by Xenophon, the Army by his encou¬ ragement marched through a large Forreft de¬ feating Phartiabazus, who oppofed their Paffage there. Cleander came over to them, and having expreffed much kindnefs to Xenophon, andcon- traffed Hofpitality with him, departed. The Ar¬ my marched through Bythinia to Chryfopolis, in the Territories oh Chalcedon.^ Thence Anaxi- * Xenopb: bius the Lacedemonian Admiral tranfported 7* them to Byzantiumyxheie he had promifed they Ihould as foon as they arrived,receive Pay,with- out which he fent them out of the City,where- at the Soldiers incenfed, returned and entred the City by force, intending to fpoil it: But Xenophon thrufting himfelf amongftthe Crowd, diffwaded them, and appealed the Tumult, as is particularly attefted by t Chiopm Eye-witnels. ^ Epifiola By this means they were brought to depart the City quietly, which as foon as they had done, Xenophon delirous to go home, took leave of the Arrny, and returned to Byzantium with Cleander. Anaxibius being put out of the Ad- mirallhip, and thereupon flighted by Pharnaba- zus (at yvhofe Inftigation he had treated the Greeks fo hardly ) defired Xenophon to return to the Army to lead ’em toPerinthus, whence they Ihould be tranfported into Afa ; the Army received him with much Joy : When they came to Perinthus, Arijiarchus the Governour would not luffer them to be Tranlported : Seuthes King of Thrace had invited them to aid him againit MedocusfAhm-^et of his Kingdom, with large offers of Money to every Soldier,of his Daugh¬ ter to Xenophon : To him therefore, not knowing where to winter, they went. At Supper every one (according to the cuftom) drank to the King, and made him a Prelent : Xenophon, who late next him, rifing up, and taking the Cup, told c him he gave him himfelf and all his Com- c panions to be his faithful Friends, and ready
Servants
11
8
X K NOP HON.
Tne
‘ Servants in the recovery of liis Kingdom :
Herein their Afliftance did much advantage Senthes , The Army wanting Pay, Xenophon iq- proved Ueraclides for not taking order about it who thereupon endeavoured to work him out of Favour with Senthes^ to whom he brought the reft of the Commanders, counfelling them to fay, that if need were, they could lead the Army upon Service as well as Xenophon •, but they jointly protefted uxito Senthes would not ferve at all without him:So he lent lor Xeno¬ phon alfo,and being agreed to proceed, they mar¬ ched towards the Country of the MelinophagipSiS far as Salmydejfon : which Places having reduc’d, they returned to the Plains of Selyhria.^ thither came Chaminus a Lacedamonian^ Folmicus fent from Thymbro, who told them that the Lacede¬ monians had defigned War againft Tijfaphernes, the charge thereof was committed to Thymbro, who defir’d this Army of Greeks to alTift them, promifing them good Pay. Seuthes willingly yielded the Army into their Hands; they fent Xe¬ nophon to demand their Arrears, which not with¬ out much importunity he obtained. Thence they failed to Lampjacus, where Euc/ides a Soothfay- er of Xenophon’s acquaintance ask’d him, hOw much Gold he had brought ? Xenophon protefted he had not enough to carry him Home , but that he fold his Horfe and other things which he had about him. The next day they marched to Ophrynium^ whither came Brito and Euc/ides to pay the Army; they being Xenophon’s Friends, reftored (refufing the price of Redemp¬ tion) his Horfe which he much lov’d , and had pawned at Lanipfacus. Then Marching forward by Attramyttium.^ and Kertonium^ , not far from Atarna, to the Plain of Caicus^ they reacht Pergamus^ a City of Lydia. Here Hellas^ Wife oi'Gongylus an Eret?'ian/^ox]iQi of Gorgi- on., and Gongylus entertain’d Xenophon : By her Information Xenophon furpriled Afidates a rich Verfian., with his Wife and Children,and all his Goods : Returning to Pergamus., the Lacednano- nians.. Captains and Soldiers, by agreement gave him alfo an extraordinary (hare of Horfes, Oxen, and other things ; then came Thymbro., and ta¬ king the Army, joy n’d it to the reft of the Gre¬ cian Forces, wherewith he made a War againft TiJJ'aphernes.
Of the King’s Provinces, through which they paffed, the Governours were thefe ; Artimas of Lydia., Artacamus of Phrygia., AMthridates of ' Which per- Lacaonia., and Cappadocia ; of Ci cilia., ^ Syennefis: Iwps was a p}j^,-;2icia and Arabia, Dernes ; of Syria and nam™°o die Atfyria.Belejds : OPBaby Ionia, Pop ar as : of Media, Kings of that Arbacas, of the Phafiani and Ue/perita, Teriba- Coimtry, as zus,ffe Carduchi, Cha/ybes, Chald(Zans,Macrones, diof^'oT E Alofynachi, Cceti, and Tibareni, are free
i)pt.See Thl- Nations ; Paphlagonia, governed by CorylM-,th.o ks. Chap. Bithynians by Pharnabazus, the European Thra¬ cians by Senthes : The total number of the Alcen t and Defcent is two hundred and fifteen encamp- ings, one thoufand one hundred and fifty para- fangs,thirty four thoufand two hundred fifty five Furlongs ; the time of the Afcent and De¬ fcent one Year and three Months.
CHAP. V.
if/s following of AgOfilaus, and Bamfhment,
Fter t his Expedition the defeat in Pontus, * .
and breach of profnife of SenthesiC//?^ of the Odryfians ; Xenophon went into Afia with A- gefilaus King of the Lacedaemonians, to whom he . deliver’d for b fum of money the Soldiers of Cyrus, and beloved infinitely, /Emilius Pro¬
bus faith, he converjed intimately with him : Ci¬ cero, that he infir uQed /7/»?.Plutarch affirms, that by his advice Agefilaus fent his Sons to Ife Educa¬ ted at Sparta, to learn and art them, which none was more excellent, how to obey and command. A- gefilaus paffed into Afia,xh.Q firft year of the pdth Olympiad; he warr’d fuccefsfully with the Per- fianfiMX the year following was call’d home by the Lacedemonians to help his Country invaded by the Thebans, md thei^ Allies, whom the Per- had corrupted, thereby to withdraw the War out of his Country. Xenophon in his returning witli Agefilaus Qwxof Afia into A^lW/^/,apprehen• dingthe danger of the War they w^ere entring in¬ to, when he came to Ephefus feft one half of the Gold f which he had referyed for an offering out t Supr. chap.^. of his lhare(of the Money which the Army divi¬ ded at Cerafunt in their return from the expedi¬ tion of Cyrus)wlxh. Megabyzus-Diana’s Prieft, wil¬ ling that if he elcaped the danger of that War, it ftiouldbe reftored to him,if he milcarried, con- fecrated to Diana, and either made into an Image dedicated to the Goddefs, or difpofed fome way that he ftiould conceive moft accepta¬ ble to her : The other half he fent an offering to the Athenian treafury at Delphi fxxficffdmg there- ! Xenopklib. 5. i on both his own name and that of Proxenus, his Predeceffor in the command of that Regi¬ ment. Agefilaus returning, wafted Bceotia, and overcame the Thebans and their Allies in a great Baxxle at Coronea t particularly deferib’d p bp Xenophon, who was there prefent.
During the ablence ofXenophonAxxt ofhis own Counxxy, the Athenians (becaufe he took part againft theKin^ of Perfiia, their Friend, and fol¬ lowed Cyrus, vtl\o had affifted the Lacedemonians againft them, ^ fupplying Lyfander their Ge- • Paufan. neral with Money for a Navy) proclamed a decree of Banifhment againft him : t Ifier faith, t he was baniftied by the decree of Eubulus, and called home by the fame : Laertius, that he was baniftied for Laconjm, upon his going to Agefilaus ; Some place this Decree in the third year of the p6xh Olympiad,but the writer of the Hiftory of Cyrus his Expedition implieth, that it was before his firft return out of affirming that before the delivery of the Army to Thymbro,- Xenophon x^oxant of this Decree, intended to have gone home.
CHAP. VI.
How he lived at Scilluns, and .Corinth.
The Lacedemonians to requite him for fuffering in their caufe, maintained him at the publick charge; and chafing Scilluns of the Eleans, built a Town there, and be¬ llowed^
Part. III.
XENOPHON.
119
* Suicf. f Laert.
^emph. de ex- fed. Cyr. 5. Laert.
! S*.ra.h>. 8.
t Lant.
• Efifl.iocti-
tic. 1 9.
Crac. h'lji, idtim-
ftowed a tair houie and land upon Xenophon.,
whereupon he left Agefilaus., and went thither, carrying with him his Wife named '^h'llefid.^xA his two Sons, which he had by her, Diodorus and Gfyl/us, called the Diofcury. j Thither Delopidas a Spartan, fent him Captives for Slaves from Dardanus for a Prefent, to dif pofe of them as fhould pleafe him.
. Scilliins was near Olympia., eminent for cele¬ bration of the Games, which Megahyzus coming to fee,reft or’d to Xenophon the Money which he had left in his Cuftody, wherewith by ad¬ vice of the Oracle he purchafed a portion of Land, and confecrated it to Diana., in a place defigned by Apollo., through which ran the River Selinus., of the fame name with that ztEphefus., •running by -Diana*s Temple- the River was ifored as well with fliell-FiOi as others, the Land with all kind of* Bealls for game *, he built alfo a Temple, and after with the confecrated Money offering the Tythes of the fruits of the Land to Diana., all the Citizens and Neighbours, Men and Women, were invited to the Feaft, where they had from the Goddeffes allowance, Bread, Wine, and part of the Flelh of fuch Beafts as were either taken out of the confecrated ground, and facrificed , or killed in hunting with the Sons of Xenophon and other Citizens, exercifed againft the time of the Feaft out of the facred ground ^ and out of Fhaloe were taken wild Boars, Goats, and Staggs ^ the place lies in the way hQtwixtLacedamonia2LnAOlympiay.wQn- ty Stadia from the Temple of Olympian Jupiter. In the facred ground were woods and hills, fto red with Trees fufficient to maintain Swine . Goats and Sheep, whereby the Beafts of carri age of fuch Merchants as come to the Feaft are maintained plentifully : About the Temple Grove of Fruit trees of all forts. The Temple was an imitation in little of that at Ephefus : An Image of Cyprels here refembling that of Gold there : A Pillar near the Temple bare this infcription,GROUA'D SACRED W DIANA. NE WHO FOSSESSETHIT LET HIM FAl THE TTTHEOFHlSrEARLTEKCREASE, AND WITH THE SURFLUSAGE AlAIN- TAIN THE TEMFLE, IE HE NEG¬ LECT, THE GODDESS WILL TAKE OR¬ DER FOR IT. + At this place of retirement Xe/iophon employed his time in Hunting, and writing Hiftories, inviting his Friends thither, of whom amongft others came Fhado, and Arijfippus , much delighted with the Situati on, building, and Trees planted by the hand of the owner.
f At length a Wararifing betwixt the Eleans and Lacedaemonians, the Elians invaded Scilluns with a great Army, and before the Lacede¬ monians came to their relief, feized on the houfe and lands of Xenophon •, his Sons with fome few Servants got away priyately to Lepre- um i^X^nophonluFi to Elis, then to Lepreum to his Sons, and laftly with them to CorintE,whetQ betook a houfe,and continued the reft of his life. During this time the Argives, Arcadians, and Thebans, yimxFj oppofed the Lacedaemonians,3ind had almoft oppreft them, when the Athenians made a publick decree mention’d by Xeno- ■p}x>n) to fuccour them •, Xenophon fent his Sons upon the expedition to Athens to fight for
the Lacedemonians-, for (as Diodes affirms) they had been educated 'di Sparta, In the difci* plineof that Place.
This enmity ended in a great Battle at Man^ tinea \n t\io 2d Year of the hundred and fourth Olympiad : Diodorus without afting any thing memorable, gave off fafe, and had afterwards a Son of his Brother’s Name. was rank’d
op^iofite to the Theban Horfemen ; I'he Thebans having by the valour of their General Epami- ndfidais got the better of the day,arefolute conri- pany olSpartan Horfemen broke in upon him, of whom was Gryllus, who flew Epamihondas with his own Hand, as Faufanius affirms to have been atteftedboth hj th.e Athenians,2it\d the The- A/yi*, adding, that he had feen at Athens a piflure of the Battle at Mantinea, confirming the fame *, and that at Mantinea was erefled a Pillar with the Statue of Gryllus oh hdrfe-back. In this noble a£fion Gryllus loft his life,the uewsof^^^^_ Muni. whofe death came to Xenophon at Ccrinth, as he var. kfl. 3. V was Sacrificing, crown’d with a Garland 5 as t>. ht'em. EpI- fgon as he heard his Son was flain, he took oPFt‘iph- Jepot. ad his Garland and laid it afide ; then demanding after what manner he died, it was anfwered, fighting ftoutly in the midft of his Enemies, of whom having flain many, he fell at laft him- felfHereupon Xenophon took again his Garland, and putting it upon his Head, proceeded to Sa¬ crifice, not fo much as fhedding one tear, only- faying, I knew that I had begot a Mortal 5 1 arid calling the Gods to whom he facrific’d, to wit- nefs,that the vertue of his Son gave him more content, than his death forrow. ^ Innumera- ^ Laert citin^ ble were the Epitaphs and Encomiums that^i^sR^. ^ were written upon Gryllus to pleafe Xenophon, ■ whence may be collefted in how great efteem he was.
That he made a Vifit to Dionyfius Tyrant of Sicily (but at what time is uncertain) is implied by t Atheneus, who relateth, that being at a t t^eipnof. lib. Feaft of his, compelled by the Cup-bearer to drink, he called the Tyrant by Name : What is the matter Dionyfius, (faith he) your CoOk, though excellent in that Art, doth not enforce us to eat againft our Inclination ^
l- ¥
CHAP. VII.
His Death, Ferfon., Vertues'.
'S^Enophon being ^ full of years (which, accdr- :f Laert.
ding to + Lucian exceeded ninety) died at f Velongiv'. Ccrinth, in the firft of the hundred and fifth Olympiad, Callidemus, 01 Callimedes being Archon, at what time Fhilip,^n of Amintus, began his Reign in Macedonia. He had an ingenious mo- deft look, long, thick Hair, handfbme (to ufe the words of L^z^’r/wj)beyond expreffion,ff^/m> in every thing,particularly addiHed to Horfes ani hunting, skilful in TaUicks, as his Writings at-' tejt‘,devout, a great Icrver oj Sacrifices , skilful in interpreting them •, an exad imitator of SocrateSj temperate, as appears frona his laying,that ^ It is* Aphen'. pie af ant hungry, to eat Herbs •, 'thirjty, to drink deipn. 4^ Water. So candid and ingenious, that ^ when * he might have ftolen the Writings of TJmcydi- des, which lay concealed, he chofe rather to I publifh fliem vtrith Honour,
In
W j
120
Prom.
f Lao't.
* Lib. 14.
t De hiftor. Grec. i. 5.
* Lib. 3.
+ Deipnof. 11.
^ Laert.vit. Arifiipp,
X ENOT HON.
Part
liT.
In i word, he was a perfbn every way ahfo- lute , as well for aQion , as contemplation. Xenophon riaith ^ Eimapms) was the only Man
f _ .J _
ding to Ckero) ^ fojt and ^ fweet /melle dul- ^ ciot) far differing from the noife of Orators ^
the Voxutn : In his voice ^ the Mnfes fecni ic^'Ck. Orat.
oi all the Ehilofophers who adorn’d Fhilofophy JpeakyNxiQ'nQQh.Q vidi'iPummQdi the Attic.kMufc \
with his words and aUions •, he defcribes Moral Vertue in his difcourfes and writingsdn his allions he was fingular ^ as to his conduct., a mo ft excel¬ lent General. Alexander had not been great^ if Xenophon had not Jaid.^ even the perfimbtory allions of valiant Ferfons ought to be recorded.^ t He was the firft that committed the di- fputes of Socrates his Matter, to writing, and that with much Fidelity, not inferting excurfi- ons of his own, as Flato did, whom for that reafon, as ^ A. Gellius oblerves, he argueth of Falttiood •, that there was a great enmity betwixt thefe two is affirmed by^ the fame Author, who, as a proof thereof alledgeth ,, that neither of them names the other in any of their writings: Woffws only obferves, that Xenophon mentions Flato once in his ' lAovwi/.et}cc. , overfeen by A. Gellius. This en¬ mity is further acknowledged by t- Athenxus and Laertius , confirmed by the Epiftle of Xenophon to JEfchines^ wherein he condemns
or according to others, the Attick Beeyt tide ibr- merly conferred on t Sophocles. His file and ^ manner of writing is at large dilcourfed upon by Arif ides AcLrianenfis in an exprefs Tract, erroneoully afcribed to Hermogencs.
The Books of Xenophon ( which ^ Scipio A- * frtcanus had always in his hand, and t La ^
advifeth to read, as very profitable in many things) were (as reckoned by L'artius) forty, which feveral Perfons diftinguilh feverally . the general titles thefe
K,;^ . the life and difciphne Cyrus
(as renders it) in eight Books, written, .-t non ad hforix fidem (though ^ Diodorus Siculus ‘ feems to take it in that quality ) fed ad effigiem jufi imperii •, not as a faithful Hiftory.^ but the defcriplion oj an exatl Frince : Whence t Aufo- nius faith, in relating the vertues oj Cyrus, he^ hath given rather a wijh than a Hiltory^ defer i- bingyiot what hewasfut what he ought to have been Kufa . the going up of Cyrus the young-
Flato., that not being fatisfied with the Doftrine into Alia, in feven Books^ each of which (as of Socrates., he went to the Fythagoreans in Laertius oblerves) hath a Procem, the whole Italy., and to the Priefts ^ arguments none : yldi2/7/^x fulpebfs th^Lt Xenophon was not
of a mind not cbnftant to Socrates. That he the Author of this Book •, the Bilhop of ^ Ar-
*AntuL
was at difference Arif ipptssAF)., argued
from fils Writings.
Ledrtius hath two Epigrams concerning him, the firft upon his going with Cyrus into upperff/f ^
Great Xenophon at once made two qfeents., 'To Alia in Ferjon., and to Heaven by fame : His file and aUion ( lafi'ng Alonurf ants')
Lay /i?Socratick IViflom equal claim.
The other upon his Banilhment.
Thee the Cecropians, noble Xenophon,
Bamjht their Land kaufe Cyxxxsthoudidf aid-, But ftr angers prov’d far kinder than thy own :
, What Athens ow’ d the eyaas by Coimih. paid.
mach aferibes it to Themfogenes, though own’d diS Xenophon joy F hit arch, Cicero, D'lonyftus Hali- carnxjfus, Hermogenes, Laertius^ Athenxus., and others.
’P-nKmiitA ^ the Greek H'fory, in leven Books, continuing where Thucydides left^ the fame was done by Theopompus, but he went no further than lixteen Years, Xenophon to forty eight.
Agefilaus, of which piece Cicero faith, that Agcfilaus would not fuffer his Figure or Statue to be made, this. Book afone furpajfeth all Figures or Images in his Fra 'ife.
The Republick of the Lacedaemonians, and the Republick of the Athenians , which Demetrius f Laa-t. denieth to be Xenophon’s.
The defence of Socrates, and the memorials of Socrates, which perhaps is that Hiflory of Fht- lojophers mentioned by Suidas.
Oeconomicks, the latt Book of the memorable difcourfes, wherewith ^ Cicero was fo much offic. i.
f
A
i
’,^1
•i-
Laertius reckons leven - Xenophons, this the firlf,tlie fecond an Athenian, Brother to Nicofra- tus. Author of the Thefes •, belides many other
years he rraifla:
fourth, writer of the Hittory oh Hannibal : The L c, a ^ ^ c ■,
f fth, write^of fabulous Monte : rhe.fi.rh ,
f
of Faros a Statuary ; the feventh, an old Co 'mick Poet : Suidas reckons three more 5 one of Antioch, the fecond of Ephefus, the: third of Cy- prus i Hiftorians , or rather writers of Ro¬ mances ; that of the firft called Babylonica, of the lecond£)>/;f75ciz in ten Books ^ of the third (ypriaca ‘.The Story of Cynart/s, Alyrrha, and- Adonis.
reprehended by Athenxus, as erroneous in Chro¬ nology i vindicated by the learned
CHAP. VIII. His Writings.
Dlonyfius iialicarttaffxus faith, that Xenophon was a ttudiotis AExxixAditor of Herodotus, both in words and language: His ttile (accor-
Hiero, Or, of a Kingdom The accounts of Revenues. Of Hoi fes.
Of Horfcmanfiip.
Of Hunting,
Epifles.
Belides thefe which are ey.unt,Xenophon feems . to have written other things *, ^ Valerius Ma- • 8 x'mus and t Fltny cite his Feriplus. 1 7* 43*
There is a Treatife of JEquivokes under Xe- . npphoks name, but made and impofed upon the World by Annius.
X E N 0.
4 . t .
Part. III.
XENOPHON.
121
Xenophons Epiftles,
To .^fchines,
Epift. L
MEetiflg with Hermoee^es, amongh other things I asked him what Phi- lofophy you followed, he anfwer- ed, the lame as Socrates. For this inclination I admired you, when you lived at Athens.^ and now continue the lame admiration for your Conftancy above •other Students of Wif dom •, the greateft Argument to me of your Vertue, is your being taken with that hian, if we riiay call the Life of Socrates Mortal. That there are Divine Beings over us, all know: We Worlhip them as exceeding us in Power ; what they are is neither eafie to find, nor lawM to enquire. It concerns not Servants to examine the Nature and Actions of their Matters, their Duty is only to Obey them j and which is mott confiderable, the more admiration they deferve who bufie themlelves in thole things which be¬ long to Man ; the more trouble this brings them, who affebl Glory in vain unfealbnable Objefts: For when (Mfchines) did any Man hear Socra¬ tes difcourle of the Heavens, or advifehis Scho¬ lars to Mathematical Demonftrations ? we know he underftood Mulick no farther than the Ear : But was always difcourling to his Friends of fomething excellent -, what is Fortitude and Ju- ftice and other Virtues. Thele he called the proper good of Mankind; other things he laid Men could not arrive at ; or they were of kin to Fables, liich ridiculous things as are taught hy the fupercilious Profelfors of Wifdom. Nor did he only teach this-, his praftice was anfwer rable-, of which I have written at large elfe- where, what I hope will not be unplealing to « „ . (though you know it already) to perufe.
^ thofe who are not fatisfied with what ded much of Socrates delivered, give over upon thisconviQi- his own to the on, or confine themlelves to what is probable, difcourfes of Living, he was attefted wife by the Deity ; wenfto 3- Murderers could find no expiation by
iyptjtaly and R^P^ntance : But thefe extraordinary perfons at- sicfiy. * fefl -^gypt and the prodigious Learning of Fy~ ihagoras^ which unneceflary Study argueth them of Inconttanw towards Socrates^ as doth allb their Love of Tyrants, and preferring the ^ Luxury of a Sicilian Table before a frugal Life.
To Crito. Epift. II.
th^ they who provide O much Wealth for their Children, but neg- lefted to improve them by Virtue, do like thofe that feed their Horles high, and never train them to the Manage : by this means their Hories are the better in Cafe,but the worle for Service whereas the commendations of a Horfe con- hlls not in his being fat, but ferviceable in War.
W purchafe Lands
neglea their Perfons ;
e \esof none, whereas the owner ought to be]
more honourable than his Eftate. Whofoever
Smtnf he leave
is the Mind
which makes him greater fmall: whatfoever
they have to the good feems fufficient, to the
rude too little. You leave your Children no than necelfty requires, which they being well educated, will efteem plentiful The l£ . norant though free from prelent trouble, have nothing the lefs fear for the future.
To Sotira. Epift. Ill
^ T\%,^th in my Opinion is neither good nor ill; but the end of the Life, not alike t to all, for as ftronger or weaker from 'their Birth their years are unequal ; fometimes Death IS haftned by good or evil caules : and again : ^ neither is it fitting to grieve fo mnrb for Death, knowing that Birth is the beginning * Pilgrimage, Death the end. He died as all Men (though never fo unwilling) mutt do : but to die well, is the part of a willing and well educated perfon. Happy was Gryllm, and whofoever elfechoofeth not the longelt life but the mott virtuous; though his (it pleafed God) was Ihort. ^ ^
To Lamprocles. Epift. IV.
YO U mutt firft approve the excellent af stob.
lertion of that Riches are to he
meafured by their ufe. He called not large Pof- lelTions Riches, but fo much only as is neceffa- ry : in the judgment whereof he advifed us not
be deceived, thefe he called truly rich, the reft
poor, labouring under an incurable poverty of mind, not eftate. r / ^
^Epiji. V.
• Epifl. Socra-^
tick; I 8.
They who t writeinptaifeofmy Son* .„ .
did as they ought : and you like- thS’ Wile do well in writing to us the aOiions of So¬ crates-, we ought not only to endeavour to be good our felves, but p praife him who lived chaftly, pioufly, and juftly, and to blame For¬ tune, and thofe who plotted againft him, who ^e long will receive the punifliment thereof ThQ Lacedcenionians are much incenfed at it, ffor the ill news is come hither already) and re¬ proach our People, faying, they are mad again, in that they could be wrought upon to put him to death vjhoiuFythia declared the wifeft ofMen.
If any of Friends want thofe things
which I lent, give me notice, and I will help them, for it is juft and honeft : you do well in keeping JEfehines with you, as you fend me word. I have a defign to colle£f the Sayings and Actions of Socrates, which will be his belt Apology, both now and for the future, not in •the Court where the Athenians are Judges, bur to all wdio confider the Virtue of the Man. If we fhould not write this freely, it were a fin againft Friendfhip, and the Truth. Even now Q. there
6
122
JCENOPHON.