PART XIII. EPICURUS.

Novo that the Soul ads and fujfers fomthing^ is manifefily declared by thofe things which happen about its Senfes and Jffellions \ as alfo by the motions wherewith it impels the members, and, from within , governeth the whole Animal, turneth it about, tranfports it with Dreams ; and, in gener.al, by its union and confent, to mix in one compound with this grofler matter,which ufually, upon this occafion, is more particularly termed the Body,
1 fay, it is a moft tenuious and fubtle Body, iitrt. for that it is made up of mojl tenuious or mofi fub> tie little Bodies-^ whkh^as they are ^ for the mofi part.^ exceeding fmooth., fo are they very round •, otherwife they could not permeate, and cohere intrinfecally with the whole Body, and with and its parts, as with Veins, Nerves, Entrals, and the reft. Which is manifeft even from hence for that when the Soul goech out of the Body, we find not that any thing is taken off from the Whole, neither as to its Figure nor Weight ; but like Wine, when its flower or fpirit is gone 5 or Unguent, that hath loft its feent *, for the Wine and Unguent retain the fame quantity, as if nothing of them were periftied. So that the Soul, if you ftiould imagine her to be rolled up together, might be contained almoft in a point, or the very leaft of places.
NeverthelefSj though it be of fuch a fubtle Contexture, yet is it mixed and compounded of four feveral Natures : for we are to conceive it a thing made up and contemperated of fomthing fiery, fomthing aerial, fomthing flatuous, and a fourth which hath no name •, by means whereof, it is endued with a fenfitive faculty.
The Reafon is this,becaufe when a thin Breath departs out of the Body of a dying perfon, this Breath is mixed with Heat, and Heat attrafts Air, there being no Heat without Air. Thus we have three of thofe things which make up the Soul 5 and becaufe there is none of thefe three from which the fenfitive motions can be derived, we muft therefore admit a fourth, though with¬ out a name, wherenntd the fenfitive Faculty may be attributed.
This may be confirmed frotii hence, for that there is a certain Breath or Gale, as it is were, and Wind,which is caufe of the Body’s motion ; Air, of its Reft-, fomthing Hot caufe of the Heat that is in it -, there muft likevvife be fbme fourth thing, the caufe.of its Senfe.
Now the neceffity of this fourth being niahi- feft, upon another account, Anger, by which the Heart boils, and Fervor fparkles in the Eyes,con- vinceth, that there is Heat in it ; Fear, exciting Horror throughout the Limbs,argues a Cold, or copious Breath or Wind • and the calm ftate of the Breaft, and ferenity of the Countenance, de- monftrates there is Air.
' . Whence it comes to pafs, that thofe Animals
In which Heat is predominant are angry, as Li- bns ; thofe in which a cold Breath, are timorous, as Harts ^ thofe in which an aerial portion, are more quiet, and, as it were, of a middle condi¬ tion betweenLions and Harts,as Oxen. The fame difference is alfo to be obferv’d amongft Men.
Laftly; Although the Soul be a mixt and com¬ pounded thing' and this fourth nanlelefs thing, . or fenfitive faculty, be the chief of its parts,( it
being, in d matineiqtHe Soul of the Soul, for from
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it the Soul hath, that it is a Soul, and it diftin- 'uiflies Animals from other things, as their in- ;rinfecal form and effential difference, ) never- :helefs thefe parts are fo perfedly contempera¬ ted, as that of them is made one fubftance, and that moft fubtle and moft coherent ; neicher,as ong as the Soul is in the Body, can thefe four be I'epareated from one another any more thanO- dor. Heat, or Sapor, which are natural to any inward part of the Body, can be feparated from it.
Now this fubftance being contained in the Bo-i dy, and coherent, as it were, with it, is, in a manner, upheld by it, 2>nd is likewife the caufe of all the Faculties, Paffions,and M^ons in the Body, and mutally containeth the Ewdy,and go¬ verneth it , and is moreover the caufe of its Health and prefervation, and can tto more be fevered from the Body, without the diffolution thereof,* than Scent can be divided from Frank- incenfe, Without deftrudion of its nature.
I ihall not need to take notice, that one of the Natural Philofophers feems,without any reafon,' to conceive, that there are as many parts of the Soul, as of the Body, which are mutually appili- ed to one another. For the fubftance of the Soul being fo fubtle, and the bulk of the Body fo grofs, doubtlefs its Principles muft be more fubtle and fewer than thofe of the Body fo that every one of thefe coheres not with another, but each of them to little bulks and heaps , as it were, that confift of a greater number. Whence it comes to pafs, that fomtimes we feel not when Duft,or a Gnat lights upon the Body,'nor a Mill: in the Night, nor the Spiders thread, nor Feathers, nor Thiftle-down, or the like, when we meet with them ; it being requifite,that more of the little Bodies which are mingled with the parts of the Soul be ftirred up, before they can feel any thing that toucheth or ftriketh them.
We muft further obferve, that there is fomc internal part of the Body of fuch a temperature,, as that where the Soul adheres to it, it receives an extraordinary Perfedion. This Perfedion is the Mind, the Intelled, or that which we call the Rational part of the Soul becaule ( the other part di^fed through the whole Body be¬ ing irrational, ) this only difeourfeth.
Now forafmuch as the Irrational part is two¬ fold, Senfe and Affedion or Appetite, and the Intelled is between both, for it hath the Senfe going before it to judge of things, and the Ap¬ petite coming after it, that by its own judgment it may dired it. We fhall therefore, being to fpeak of each, begin with the Senft.
CHAP. X.
Of Senfe in general., which is the Soul ( as it voen ) of the Soul.
TO fpeak therefore firft of Senfe in gene¬ ral ; W'e muft obferve,that the Soul pof- fefleth it after fuch a manner, as that both to have it, and to ufe it, it requircth the Body, as being the thing wherein it is contained, and with which it operates. Now the Body affording this to the Softly viz. That it hath a Principle of Sen^ fatioriy and is able to ufe it^ beeometh itfelf alfo
EPICURUS.
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