Part XIII.

^38- ETICU^US.
- ■■■■«_ I " — ■ I ■— s-
... ^ Proverbial Speeches) did belong to this Neo-
( ; InNeocl.^^^^^ v.^ Saidas alhrnieth.
To his Three Brethren, may be added thofe (/; Epift.6. Friends who, (as we read in (jj Seneca)
became great Perfons, through the Converfa- tion of Epicurus.
Metredotus is to be firft nam’d j for he was, (k) De fin. as Ck) Cicero faith , almoft another Epicurm. L'*’- (1) Strabo plainly declareth, he was of Lamp- {) Lib. 13. Pf)[. vvheress Laertius Teems to fay he
w'as an Athenian , the, place is very corrupt 3 efpecially feeing it is manifeft he was not an Athe (m) Loc. Cit. j/ian, from this Antichefis of ( w) Cicero. How much was JL'p\cux\is happier for being in his Country^ than Metrodorus for being at Athens 3 becaufe Athens was not the Country of Metrodorus : The Text in) Lib. 10. of fw) Laertius is this, “ He had many Difciples but the moft eminent were Metrodorus' h^waiov “ and Timocrates^ and Sandes a Lampfacene, wlio “ from hisfirft acquaintance with the Man, ne- ver left him, &c. For my part I am of opini¬ on, that tbefe words 'A-3-nm7oy, ^ T/fsoKfarnr, sy S.AyJ'w fliould be quite expunged, for if you take them away, the reft joyns together very well 3 if you admit them, they will not hang together : for it was Metrodorus that was indeed a Lamp facene, and with whom all the reft that follows agreeth, not Sandes, whom, befides other things, it is falfe^ that Epicurus llaould mention in his («) In Not. ad Will. And though (0) Cafaubon conceives,
Laert. that 'A^rvetiov may be the proper name of a Man, yet is it ftrange ^lat we hear nothing eifewhere, as well of Athenasus as of Sandet, as Epicureans-, Since Laertius in this place reckons up his molt eminent Difcrples; but taking thefe away, the Three, "Jrz. Metrodorus, Polyrenus , and Herma- chus are defer! bed in a continued Series 3 who, as we faid, are put together by Seneca, as moft eminent. As for Tmocrates, he is mentioned af¬ terwards by the way, when he comes to name jMetrodrous .as his Brother, and feems here to be infepted arnifs. The occafion upon which theft Names crept into the Text I fufpe perhaps, fome Tranfcriber had noted in the Margept, that what was delivered in the Text was confirmed alfo by Athenaus ( Author of the Deipnofophifia : For in him there is fome- thing concerning the Epicureans) and by Timo crates (for he is alfo cited by Laertius,) and by one Sondes ( perhaps Suidas, or fome other.) That many things have heretofore been inferted out of the Mai gents into the Texts themfelves, by carelefnefs of theTranferibers, is moftmani- feft.
Metrodorus therefore was by Country a Lrmp- facene (not the iame with that Friend of Anax- (p.) Lib-a. agoras, whom (/) mentions of the fniie
Name) born in the 12* Year of Epicurus's age 3 for, dying in the j; Year of his age, fihe cohe¬ rence of the Words and Senfe makes me think it lliould be read lAnlftJ'ush d!yov](t ) and that being the 7'^’ before the death of Epicurus, who lived to the 72 Year, it is evident, that the Year of his Birth muft fall upon the li* of Epicurus's. From the firft time that Metrodorus became acquainted with Epicurus, (which might happen in the 22 Year of his age, at what time Epicurus lived dx fLampjacum) he never ( as we began to fay out of Laertius) parted from him, but one fix Months, in which time he was ab-
fent at hof»e, and thence returned to Epicurus)
He had a Sifter, Batis, whom he Married to Idomeneus , and a Concubine named Leontium.
He had Children, whom Epicurus recommended in his Will, and in the Epiftle which he writ dying 3 and particularly a Son, named Epicurus.
He was*a very good Man, undaunted with Trou¬ bles, on Death it fclf, as Epicurus himfel/, in Laertius attefts. Fie had the Dropfie • ( f) for (?) Lib.s.Gtp. Cornelius Celfus wtitQSy That whilft he was fick^'* of that Difeafe, and could no longer abftain, as was convenient, from Drinking 3 he ufed, after he had forborn a great while, to Drink, and caft: it up again. But whether it was of this Difeafe, or of fome other, that he died , is not certain.
The Books which he writ , are by Laertists, reckoned to be thefe 3 AgainfiPhyficians III. Of the .
Senfes, to Timocrates. Of Magnanimity, Cf the Infirmity of Epicurus. Againji the DialeHicks ,
Againfi the Sophifis IX, Of the way to TPifidom, Of Alteration, Of Riches. Againji Democritus. Of Nobility. Befides which, (r) Plutarch cites his(r) Adv.CA Books , of Philofephy. Of the Poets, Againfi Timarchus. Likewife ( f) Clemens Alexandri-(j) Strnn.^M nus cites a Treatife , That the caufe of felicity which comes from our [elves is greater than that which comes from other things. But of Metrodorus , enough.
Polynaus was Son of Athenodorus, a Lampfacene alfo. He was a great Mathematician, (t) to ufe (?; Acad. j. the words cf Cicero, and to comprife much in little) Modeft and Amiable , as Philodemus (in («) Laertius ) faith. («) Lib, lo.
Hermachm was Son of Agemorchus, a Mitylene- an, his Father of mean quality. Ac firft he ftu- died Rhetorick, but afterwards became fo know¬ ing in Philofophy, that Epicurus dying, com¬ mitted the Government of the School to him.
He dyed at L)fas. There is a great mention of him in Epicurus's Will, His Writings, which Laertius commends for excellent thefe. Epi- (iolicks, cowcrrwwg-- Empedocles, XXII. OfDifci- plines , ( for Cafaubon well reads not lAa^HlSp , but iAct5ti(Jict7efi>) Two Beoks. Againfi Plato. Ag-ainA Ariftdtie. ^
To thefe muft be added Leontius, a Lampfa¬ cene, whom (w') Plutarch calleth one of the moft Adv.C»/. eminent Difciples of Epicurus - adding, That^*‘ this was he who writ to Lycophren, that Epicu¬ rus honoured Democritus.
Moreover, Colotes and Idomeneus, Lampfacenes alfo. Of the former we fhail have occafion to fpeak ofener, efpecially, becaufe of the Two Books which Plutarch writ againft him. (x) La-(x) 'Lih,S. ertius eifewhere writes, that Menedemus the Cy- nick was his Difciple, ( unlefs perhaps there were fome cither Colotes of LampCacum ) The fame Colotes \x. is, who, cited by (r) MacrobiHs,(y) InSomn. argues, that Plato ought not to have invented the^‘'*iP* *• Fable of Erus, becaufe no kind cf Fiction agree- eth with the ProfcITors cf Truth. The later,
Idomeneus, Epicurus defign'd to make famous by his Letters, as indeed he did , which appears from (z,) Seneca : “ I will alledge, faith he, Epi- Epift.ar.
curus for an example, who writing to idome- “ neus, (then a Minifter of State employ'd in “ great Affairs) to perfuade him, from a fpe-
cious kind of Life, to true fettled Glory.
If, faith he, you affedt Glor^, my Epiftles will make you more famous, than all thofe things
which
ART
XIII.
ICU^LLS.
‘)4i
(k) Adv.Grarn. Of Gifts and Gratitude, mentioned hy (x) Em piricus^ who cites fomthing Grammatical out of it.
Polymedesy he feems to have been feme Friend or Difciple of Epicurus.
Timocrates, III. Whether meaning the Bro. ther of Adetrodorus, or the Executor of his Will, or fome other. Hence I ftiouid believe, that by Laertius was cited the third Book of Timocrates, or written by Timocrates j but that inftead of T//t4oJt£7TH relating to the third Book, which, by Epicurus, was lb intitled. This the Text feems to confirm.
Metrodorus, V. That this was the fame Me- trodorus, of whom we have fpoken formerly , cannot be doubted. From the firfi: Book, ci ted by Laertius, may be colledled, that Epicu¬ rus related the Story of Metrodorus\ Life.
Antidorus , II. This Antidorus mentioned by (y) Plutarch, and perhaps hy ( z,) Laertius ‘‘alfo, in the Life of Heraclides, if we there read Antidorus for Autodorus.
Ilici voTuf eTo^oi Of the South-Winds,
Sentences to Mithres. But parhaps the Title ought rather to be read, ^ vlsaiv, Of Dijeafes, as well for the reafons alledged about the Title 4*1 furar, as for that thefe Sentences feem not to have been feveral Opinions, concerning fome • particular Winds, as Moral Sentences to mode¬ rate the pain of Difeafes. This feems to be the fame Mithres di Syrian, whom Metrodorus re- (a) Adv. Col. Heved, as f Xb) Lib. lo. livered ,• and the fame, whom (h) Laertius re¬ lates to have been the Steward of Lyftmachuh Houfe ,* adding, that Mithres faying to Theodo- rus. Thou feemeft not only not to acknowledge Gods, but Kings alfo. Theodorut repii’d. How can I but acknowledge Gods, who think thee an Enemy to the Gods ?
Callifiolas', who, it may be prefumed , was fome Friend of Epicurus's.
(c) Adv. Col i. efa Kingdom, mentioned by f c ) Plutarch.
Aneximenes • perhaps the fame Lampfneene who is mentioned by ( ) Strabo, and whom both (e) Plutarch and ( f) Laertius feem to mean ^ for, though he wore one of Alexander s yet did he furvive him, (for he wrote his Adli- om, ) and was, according to Suidas, Difciple to Diogenes the Cynick, and confequent’y younger than he ; whereas Diogenes died in the eighteenth year of Epicurus's Age, 'viz,, in the beginning of the 114th Olympiad.
Epiftles. Of thefe, four are extant in Laer¬ tius • one, to Herodotus, which was, as we faid, the lelfer Epitome, and under that Name cited feyff ) Achilles Tatius, Of Natural things. The fecopd, to Pyihocles, Of Meteors , or Superior things, as well Ceieflial.as all others above the Earth. The third, to Menaeceus, Of Mtmntfs. The laft is very fhort, which he writ Dying, to idomentus. That, befides thefe, he writ innu- th\ >id (i) Lib.y. * ( i) Laertius' and others. For Plutarch,
for example, cites an Epiftle of his, To Anaxar- ^ ebus i ( k ) Laertius his Epiftlc , To Arifiobulits ^
Uj Li . 10. Epiftle, To hit Friends at Mytilene. This
fO Adv. Math, feems to be the fame with that, which ( I )Sex- i. tus Empiricus cites thus ; To the Philofophers at My¬
tilene. But Laertitu implyethi there were more
(lO Lib 14.
(e) in Pub.
(f) Lib. 2.
which bore that Infciiprion , nt
WiTt/Akw» (p/Aoffo^of, fo as (here might be one of them, Suppofititious. In the fanre rank may be reckoned his Epiftles, concerning feveral Infti - tutions of Life hinted by ( m) Laertius cited by ( « ) Athenaus and (o') EUfebius. 1 omit that Lib. 9. the fame ( p ) Ather. aits menuons his Epiftles to (») Dapn. 8. Hermachus • and not to enquire after any more, Pr,epar. the higheft in repute were rhofe written to Ida- ,2.
meneus, as we may under ftand from ( q) Seneca, (^a) Epif. 18. who alfo efteth fomeching excellent out of his Epiftles to Polyanus, Amongft thofe to Idowe- neus was that, out of which {r ) Michael Apofio- Cent. 16. lius cites a Fragment, containing the Original 9^* of the Proverb, Thefe fall he to thee both Pythian and Delian, apply’d to thofe that ftiall die with¬ in a Ihort time, though Eiafrrus affirms the Pro¬ verb it felf to be cited out of Menander.
As to the Epiftles, we Ihall by the way ob- ferve, that Epicurus ufed to write, by way of Salutation in the beginning of bis Epiftles, fom- times Joy. lombmes Iv well to
to do ,• fomcimes lixtidym, fomtimes avfdcuuf well to live j vytadvm. Health. For that which we read in (.[) Laertius, I* r 'dhTokeuf dm n T) Lh. io„ yal^Hv, cA) v^.TleiV ^ emeJ'Miuf apicor, is de¬ fective, there feems fome v/ord wantir^g to the Sentence ; neither doth the word feem to belong to the form of Salutation. And befides, thefe W'ords, am •ra, ex'clude xcu^»v from the Epicurean form of Salutation whereas this word is not only put before his Epiftles, extant ^
in Laertius, but it is rendred by(f) Cicero when he alledgeth that which he wrote at his Death. For this reafon , when heretofore I would, in the room of thefe two words, have put iriSn, (as a lefs Alteration, than if I fhould have fubftituted crfiinKi, or the likej the learn¬ ed Puteanus approved it ; but withal ' concei¬ ved, ete/ro', ought to be retained • but the ex¬ cellent Menafius was of Opinion , that fince a* word is wanting, for aexcav ftiould be read fsK , ufed on the like occafion by Laertius but that dvrt n ought to be retained, forafmuth as Epicurus feemetb not to have ufed the word ft being mentioned as proper to C/eon, both hy ( u ) Lucian and (w) Laertius himfeif, (•, Or whether inftead of«Woy might we not puts^.W. Afirmreu, or, with the leaft alteration, «f€ror, M Lb. 3. fignifying, that for Salutation, he was beft plea- fed with thole words, lu ar^./lny, and (mej'cdax ^luu or might not am n be retained, imply¬ ing, that he did not quite caft afide the word Xeuiny,but inftead of it fomtimes ufed the other two, as if
Indeed, ( x ) Lucian feems not obfeurely to hint (x) ibidi as much, when relating, that Epicurus .was ex- treamly delighted with the word ; he
adds, that fomtimes he ufed other words, and that fomtimesin his moreAccurate and Profound Epiftles, (which yet, he faith, were not many,y or when he writ to his moft intimate Friends, he chiefly ufed Cytmnv. Laertius therefore at¬ tributing the word h)irdr]eiy to him , may as well be thought to have intended ufed
by him : Since attributing Iv iidyw to him al¬ fo, he makes In as peculiar to Vlato, as
XcufMv to Cleon. ,
This Catalogue of his Books is compiled by Laertius ; but befides thefe , there are others ,,
Z z z z cited*
in Pb*u. Arat,
542
E T I C U S.
ART
XIII.
cited both by iasTtlm hiinfeif, and other VVri ters. Laertius formeriy cited his Book, Of Rhe- -'toriek, mentioned alfo by the Scholiafl: of Her- mogenes. But that wliich is cited, Of Perfpicui- ty reepuijitc to Dljccurje ^ belongs
0-) Tufc
■ 3-
(z) Dedivin,!
(*) De nat. de¬ er. j.
(ti) Lib, 10.
(b) In Lex.
ic) In Lex.
to Canonic kj
which he fubhituced i i the room or DialeBick.
He likevt'ife feems to cite his n^tiyii*iva. ^ An¬ tecedent ia ^ or Pr(jecipua ‘ things p-ecedent or preferred, in the Senle cf the Stoicks. 1 fhould think it meant of lome of the Books before ci¬ ted, if amongB them there were any, wherein that w'hich is aliedged were written by Epicurus.
There are cited alio Stcecheiofes, Inliitutions or Element XII.
I'-hcre feems alfo to be cited. Of iEorlds, XII. For, deferibing feveral Worlds, he is faid to have done it in the XUth eki Tarn, or, as the .Manuferipts, upon this very Subjedl
the rather, becaiife it feems not meant of thole XXXVllj which are condantly cited, Of Nature.
I Ihould add his Phyfical Problems, and Etbi cal T>oBrines I but that under thefe Names may be comprifed, all that Epiemus wrote concern ing Nature and Morality.
Moreover, (y) Cicero cites his Book, Of tk chief Good; unlefs it be the fame with that, Of the End, already mentioned.
By the {z.) fame alfo is cited his Book, Of Pleaju'-e; this perhaps Laertius ruQ^nt, when he faid, It was objeded by fome againft Epicurus that he ufurped the Treatife of Ariflippus con cerning Pleafure, as if it had been his own.
Eefides thefe, * Cicero cites his Book, Of Pi¬ ety tevsards the Gods., diftind, as it feems, from that Of Sar.Bity , reckoned by Laertius. Of Senility, faith hQ, Of Piety tenvards the Gods, he wrote Books.
Again, Plutarch declares', that he wrote Books Theophraji us : forthefecond of them, he faith, contained a difeourfe concerning Colours. Hitherto of his Books
CHAP. XI.
ms Will.
Epicurus having employed his Life in Teach¬ ing and Writing, and being now grown old, made, as the cultom was, his Will, which being preferv’d entire by (a) Laertius, we lhall not need to have recourfe to thoi'e Fragments of it, which He difperfedly in Cicero, and other Writers. It was in this Form.
‘ Thus 1 bequeath ; I give all my Eftate to ‘ Amynomachus , Son of Philocrates , of Batts, (a ‘Town of thQ t/Egean Tribe, asfij Hejychius ‘ deferibes itj and to Timocrates Son of Deme- ‘ trius, a Potamtan , ( of Potamus, a Town be- ‘ longing to the Lcontian Tribe, (c) Pha'vorin.)
* according to the donation which hath already * been made, and is Recorded among the Deeds ‘ in the Metroum, ( a Temple of the great God- ‘ defs at Athens, feated upon the Haven, in ‘ which the Laws, Judgments, and other A6ts ‘were preferved , as Athenaus , Suidas , and ‘ others affirm j with this condition, that they * bellow the Garden, and all that belongs to it,
‘ on Hermachus , Son of Agtmarchus , a Mitjle-
' man, and thofe that lhall ftudy Philofophy ‘ with him; and on thofe whom Hermachus /hall leave his SuccelTors ia Philofophy, and to ‘ thofe who /hall fucceed us in the Profeffion of Philofop.hy, for ever. And that it may be ■ preferved with ail po/Iible care, I aflign the ‘ ^school to Amynomachus and 'Timocrates., and to ’ their Heirs, according to the fureft form of ‘ Law, that they may keep the Garden, and de- • liver it to thole who /hall profefs Philofophy ‘ after us. The Houfe which is ^X. Melite, let ‘ Amynomachus and Timocrates deliver to Herma- ‘ chus, and to thofe that ftudy Philofophy with him, to dwell in it as long as he /hall live Of ‘ the Revenues made over by us to Amynomachus ‘ and Timocrates, let them f&t apart as much as ‘ /hall be fuffictent (adviling with Hermachus,)
‘ to celebrate the Exequies of my Father, Mo- ‘ ther, and Brethren ; and to keep, as they have ‘ done hitherto, my Birth day, in the firft De- ‘ cad of the month Gamelion ; as alfo to provide ‘ a Feaft for Entertainment of all thofe who ftu- ‘ dy Philofophy with us, every month on the ‘ twentieth day of the Moon, in Commemora¬ tion of us, and of Metrodorus. Let them alfo keep a day in Memory of ray Brethren in the month Pvfidean, asweufed to do; and another to Polyanmt, in the month Metagitnion. Let ‘ Amynymachus and Timocrates take care of ‘ Epicurut, Son of Metrodorus, and of the Son of ‘ Polynneus; and let them ftudy Philofophy, and ' live with Htrmachtss, In like manner, let them.
‘ take care of the Daughter of Metrodorus, and fo foon as /be /hall be Marriageable, beftow ‘ her upon him of the Students of Philofophy,.
‘ whom Hermachus /hall chufe, provided /he be'
‘ modeft, and obedient to Hermachus. Let Arty* ;
’ nomachus and Timocrates, out of our Revenues,
‘ beftow yearly fo much as /hall be fufficient for their Maintenance, with the confent of Hermachus. For let them fo efteem Hermachus, having an equal /hare in our Revenues, and grown old in ftudying Philofophy under us, and left by us Guide of thofe that ftudied Phi¬ lofophy under us, that all things be done by his advice. As for her Portion , when /he /hall come to be Marriageable, \Qt Amynomachus' and Timocrates take as much as they /hall think convenient , with the confent of Hermathus„ . Likewife, let them take the fame care of JV)?*" camr as we did, that all they, who, ftudying . Philofophy with us, have communicated the, ufe of their Eftates, and expre/Iing all Friend- /hip, have chofen to grow old with us in Philo¬ fophy, want not any nece/Taries to theutmo/f'' of our Power. All my Books I bequeath to Hermachus ; but if any thing of mortality hap¬ pen to Hermachus, before the Children of, Me¬ trodorus arrive at full Age, let Amynomachus and Timocrates take care, that all nece/Taries be de¬ cently provided for them, as much as /hall be ‘ necelfary, out of the Revenues left by us. Let ‘ all the reft bC' ordered as we have appointed,
‘ as much as is poffible, I manumit of my Ser- ‘ vants, Mus, Licias , Lycon j Phadria alfo I fet ‘ free.
CHAP.
r' >
0