Part Xlt

receding from Senfe, we may arrive at Sufpen- fion, we come to the fourth ground.
This is faid to be from Ctrcamfiancesj By (Circumftances) we underftand Dif- pofitions j we fay it confifh in being according to Nature , ( found J j or contrary to Nature^ ( unfound in Waking or Sleeping, in difference of /^ge, in Motion or Reft, in Hate or Love, in Want or Satiety, in Drunkennefs or Tbirfi ; in Ttedifpofitions, in Courage or Fear, in Joying or Grieving. According as we are Sound or Un¬ found, things occur varioufly to usj Frantick, and Divinely-infpired Perfons, think they hear Spirits, we nor ; and thofe kind of Perfons of¬ ten fay, they fmell Perfumes ofStorax or Fran- kincenfe, when we fmell none. Again, the fame water poured upon any Part that is In¬ flamed, feems fcalding, to us lukewarm : The fame Garment to thofe that have a Hy pofphagm in their Eyes, feems bloody, to me not : The fame Honey to me is fweet, to thofe that are troubled with the over-flowing of the Gall, bitter. If any fhall alledge, that the admiftion offomchumorSjin thofe who are unfound,excites Phantafies not conformable to their ObjeAs j we anfwer, Forafmuch as they, who are in health have commixed Humors, thofe Humors may caufe external Objedls ( which perhaps appear to thofe who are unfound, fuch as they are indeed in themfelves) to appear to the healthful, fuch as they are not in themfelves. For, to attribute the power of changing Ob- jeds to the Humors of the one, and not to thofe of the other, is vain ; fince as they who are in health, are accprding to the nature of the healthful, but contrary to the nature of the fick; fo they whoardj fick, are contrary to the nature of the healthful, and according to the na¬ ture of the ftck : So that thefe alfo are to be credited, as being according to Nature.
From Sleep and Waking arife alfo different Phantafies; we have not the fame Phantafies fleeping, which we have waking ; nor the fame waking, which we have fleeping ; therefore their cxiftence is not Ample, but relative. Thus in Sleep we fee things, which when we Wake, are inexiflent; not that they are inexiftent in themfelves, for they exift in deep, as well as thefe things which are faid to exift when we are awake.
From ehjerent Jges ; the fame Air to old Men feems cold, to the youthful temperate ; the fame meat to old Men heavy, to the young light. So the fame voice to fome feemeth low, to others loud. In like manner are they, who differing in age, differently incline to defire, or abhor things. Children delight in Whips and Tops ; they who come to Man’s eftate, prefer other things; old Men, others. Whence many be infetr’d. That different Phantafies are derived from the fame objedt, according to the diffe¬ rence of ages.
From Motion or Rejt, things appear unlike ; that which feems unmoved to us, while we ftand ftill, when we fail we think it moves.
From Love or Hate; fome abhor Swines flefh, .which others eat with much delight. Many that have deformed Miftreffes, think them beautiful.
From Hunger or Saziety : The fame meat to an hungry Man, feems pleafant j to a Man that is full, unpleafant*
From Drunkennef ind Sobriety; Things, which when wearefober, wsefteem undecent; drunk, feem not fuch to us.
From Predijpofitions ; The fame wine to fuch as have eaten Dates or Figs a little before, feems fowre ; to fuch as have eaten Nuts or Pulfe, fweet. The * Parafias of a Bath warms thofe that go in, cools thofe who go out, if they have flay’d any while in it.
From Courage or Fear ; the fame thing to a timorous Man feems dreadful , to a Valiant nothing fo.
From Sorrow and Joy ; the fame things which trouble the forrowfuJ, delight the joyful.
Now there being fb great difference and dif- proportion of Habits, and Men being conftitu- ted fometimes in one Habit, fometimes in ano¬ ther, what every Objeft feems to any, perhaps it is eafie to declare ; but what it is, is not eafie, fince the difference is indi judicable. For he that judgeth it, either is converfant in one of the forementioned Flabits, or in none : To lay he is in none, that is, he neither is Well nor Sick, neither moveth nor refteth, nor is of any age, and wholly void of the other habits, is moft ab- furd : On the other fide, if being in any of thefe habits, he judgeth Phantafies, he is himfelf a Party in the Contrbverfie , and confequently cannot be a fincere Judge of external C3bje(fts, being infetfted with the habits in which he is. For he who is awake, cannot compare the Phan¬ tafies of thofe who are afleep, with the Phan¬ tafies of thofe who are awake ; nor he, who is in health, compare the Phantafies of the found and the fick : for we fooner affent to fuch things as are prefent, and move us, than to things not prefent.
Moreover, the difference of fuch Phantafies is indijudicable another v/ay. He that prefers one Phantafie before another, and one circuui- ftance ( or habit ) before another, either doth it without judgment and demonftration,orupon judgment and demo^ftration. Not without, for then he is of no credit ; nor with, for if he judge Phantafies, he rauft do it by a Criterie, this Criterie muft be either the true or falfe ; if falfe, neither is it to be credited ; if he fay it is true, he affirms it, with demonAfation or without. If without demonflration, it will be uncreditable ; if with demonftration, it is abfo- lutely neceffary that the demonftration be true, otherwife neither will that be creditable. He will therefore fay, the Demonftration alledged to prove the Judicatory creditable , is true. Whether doth he affirm this, as having judged, or not judged ? If not having judged, he is not to be credited ; if as having judged, he muft acknowledge he hath judged it by a Criterie, of which Criterie we lhall require a Demonftra¬ tion, and then of that Demonftration a Criterie. Thus theDemonftration will continually require a Criterie to confirm it, and the Criterie a De¬ monftration to Ihew it is true : Therefore the Demonftration cannot be true,un]efs a true Cri¬ terie precede it ; nor can the Criterie be true, unlefs the Demonftration be firft credited. Thus the Criterie and the Demonffratign fall into the Alternate Common- P lace , wherein both will be found not creditable ; for either wants credit, till the other afford its affiftance to confirm it.
* See Vt- trwv. Ar- chiteS. hi, 6. tap. 10,
T Xii.
SCEPTICISM.
Tf therefore we cinnot prefer one Phantafie before another, neither without a Demonffrati- on and Criterie, nor with them, the PhantaHes which different Habits produce, will be indiju- dicable. Thus SufpenCion is induc’d from tbs nature of external Objcils.
CHAP. XVII.
The Fifth Common-
The fifth Common place is from Tof Cions ^ Di fiances, And Places : for through any of thefe, the fame things (eem different: the fame Walk, to him that is entringinto it, fe6ms nar¬ row at the further end j to him who is in the middle, equally broad. The fame Ship, at a di- Ifance, feems little and fixt ; near , great and in motion. The fame Tower feems afar off, round ; near, Iquare. This for Difiavce'.
From Place ; the light of a Candle in the Sun- fliine feems dim; in the dark, bright: The fame O.ir under water, feems broken ; above water, ftraight. An Egg in the Fowl is foft; in the Air, hard. The Lyncurium [ a flone concrete of the his urine,] in the is humid, in the Air, hard. Coral is foft in the Water, hard in the Air. A voice founds diverfly through a Pipe, through a Flute, and in the open Air.
From Po/ition ; the fame Image, laid-flat, feems fmooth, but inclining, feems to have Extube- rances and Cavities ; the Neck of a Pigeon, as it is varioufly turned, feems to have a different colour.
Since then all V hoenomena s are feen in fome Place, at fome Dijiance, and in (bme Pofition, every one of which (as we faid) cauf^th a great alterati¬ on in Phantafies, we (hall be hereby reduced to Sufpenfion. For he who would prefer one of thefe Phantafies before another, attempts an im- poffibility ; for if he affert it of them fimply, without Demonftration, he (hall not be credited ; If he would ufe Demonftration,and acknowledge that Demonftration to be falfe, he confutes him- felf : If he fay it is true, it will be required he bring a Demonftration to prove it true, and a third to prove thefecond, becaufe that alfo muft be true, and fo to infinite ; but to alledge infinite Demonftrations, will be impoffible. Therefore one Phanrafie cannot be preferred before another by Demonftration. And if the aforefaid Phan¬ tafies can neither be judged with Demonftration, nor without it, there muft be inferred Sufpenfi¬ on; fince what every thing feems according to this Tofitton, this Difiance, or in this Place, we may indeed affirm ; but what in it felf it is, (for thefe Reafons) we cannot.
C A AP. XVIIT.
The Sixth Common-Place.
THe Sixth Place is, from CowwAvjowj; Whence we infer. That no Objeift incurreth into ourSenfe fimply, but together with fome other; what this Miftion is, as well from the external Objed, and from that together with which it is feen, it is perhaps poffible to fay, what it feems
to us ; but what the external Objed is, purely in it felf, we cannot fiy: For no external thing in¬ curreth into our Senfe, purely of itfelfj but with fome other ; whence, as I conceive, it feems dif¬ ferent to beholder?. Our Complexion feems of one Colour in warm air ; of another in cold ; nei¬ ther can we fay what our colour is naturally, but what it feeraeth with thefe Circumftances The fame voice feems different in a thin Air, and in a thick. Perfumes are of ftronger feent in a Bath, or in the warm Sun, than in the Cold ; a Body furrounded with Water, is light; with Air, heavy.
Moreover, ( fetting afide external Commifti- on) even our eyes' have in their, felves cunicics and humors, Vifihle objeds therefore, becaufe we cannot fee without thefe, are not perhaps perceived exadly and purely, for we perceive them with Admifiion. Hence to thofe who have the Jaundies.all things feetn yellow; to thofe who have a Hypofphagm, red. And forafmuch as the fame voice feemeth different in open and ftrait places, from what it feems in narrow' and crooked; in calm Air, from what it feems in tempeftuous ; it is probable , we perceive no Voice purely. For our Ears have narrow oblique holes, and are faid to be troubled and prepof- fefs’d by vapours from the parts next the Head .
Likewife by our Noftrils, and the Inftruments of Tafte, when Objeds are prefented, we per¬ ceive their Smell, and Tafte, but not purely. Wherefore what external Objeds are exadly in themfelves, the Senfes cannot perceive, by rea- fon of Commiftions. Neither can theintelled, becaufe the Senfes, her Guides , err. Perhaps alfoj the Intelled alters that which it receiveth from the Senfes , by intermixing fomething of its own. For in the parts wherein the Hege- monick, according to the Dogmatifts, is placed, we fee there are certain humors, as in the Brain, or the Heart, or what part foever they fhall place it in. Thus, by this Common- place, fee¬ ing that we can determine nothing concerning the Nature of theexternal Objeds, we Sufpend.
CHAP. XIX.
The Seventh Common- fiace.
THe Seventh Place is, from the Q^uantities an^ Covfiitutions ot Subjeds, generally ftiled Comfofitions. That we are inforced upon this ground to Sufpenfion concerning the nature of things, is manifeft ; as , the {having of Goats- horn feems white, but in the Horn it felf black ; filings of Silver feem black, but in the whole white ; the pieces of the Tartarian Stone polifh’d feem white, the whole feems yellow; Sands taken fingly feem rugged ; altogether in a heap, fmooth; EUebore eaten young and downy, fuffocateSjbut at full growth it doth not ; Wine drunk mode¬ rately, ftrengthens ; exceflively, weakens : Meat commonly (news a different power, according to the quantity ; excefs thereof, for the moft parr, oppreffeth the Body with crudities, and Chole- rick humors. Now as fo thefe we are able to fay. What the thin parts of the Horn feem feparated, and what they feem compaded ; what the minute parts of Silver, and what the whole confifting of thofe parts ; what a little piece of ih^Tana- Q q q 2 nan
SCEPTICISM