Part IX.

PTTHAGOR^S,
which he in a fhort time taught Mark the Hyper¬ borean. The firit may poflibly be the fame with the Phyfical Treatife, mentioned by Laertim ^ the (xt\\eXy.z^ jMinblicbus faith, is intituled alfo^X?*^ Sacred D 'lfcourfe^ Lbut it is not the fame with that Sacred Difcourfe, which HeracHdes afcribes to him \ for that was in Verfe, this in Profe] as be¬ ing collefted out of the moft myftical places of Orpheus^ written either by Tythagoras^ as moft hold ^ or, asfome eminent and creditable perfons ©f that School a{rert,byT^/a;^^^T, out of the Com¬ mentaries left by Fythago^as mthDamo his Daugh¬ ter, Sifter of Telauger^ which after her death they report to have been given to Daughter , ^ ofDamOy and to Telauges Son of Pythagorafy Huf- band to Bita/e. What Jamhlichm cites out of this work, fee hereafter in the Dodrine of Py- {n) It Aur. fbagora^ ; it is cited alfo by (n) Hi erodes ^ Sy- rianus^ and others.
An Oration to Abark, mentioned by Proclm. Orphetss^ a Poem, asD;? the Chian (in triagmk)
. f affirms. Laert. The Scopiadsy beginning thus, MactmJ'a iirti'kvt.
' ‘ ^ {Laert.
Hymns^oxxt of which Proclus brings thefeVerfes.
■ . Sacred Number fprings
From tb' uncorrupted Monad.^ and proceeds "To the Divine DetraUies^ Jhe who breeds Ml\ and ajjigns the proper bounds to all^
Whom we the pure immortal Decad call,
(yj IkOrigftti Arithmetic^, mention’d by (p) IJidore, who af¬ firms, He was the frfl that writ upon thk fubjeU amongjl the Grecians, which was afterward more copioujly compofed by Nicomachus.
0) 5*. PrognoJiicAs, of which thus (p) Tzetzes,
Pythagoras Samian, Mnefarchus Son,
Not only knew what would by fate be done.
But even for thofe who futures would perceive. He of Prognojiicks fevered Books did leave.
{^iShi4.c, Of the Magical Virtues of Herbs, frequently Ph cited by Pliny, who faith. That though fome
aferibe it to Qleemportko, Phylician ^ yet pertina¬ cious fame and antiquity vindicate it to Pythago- rds •, and this very thing, gives authority to the Volumes, that if any other thought his pains worthy tihe name of that Perfon, which that Cleemporus did, who can believe ? Seeing that he hath put forth other tilings in his own name. To this work feems to belong that Volume, which Pythagoras wrote concerning the Sea-Onion, ci- jmalfo by •Pliny’, but by Laertius aferibed to j ' another Pythagoras a Phylician.
‘ The GoldetiVerfes of Pythagoras, or, as others,
of tktP^bagoreans. But indeed their Author, as Suidasiuth, is notccrtainly known, thoughfome (0 In Ttftu^ afetibe themtohim. Of thefe is (r) Proclus, who ^ ftyles hin^ Pother of the GoldenVetfes, Even the Verfesthcmfelves feem to confirm it, thete being araongft th^ fome, which, is known to have repeated to hts Oifciplcs, by the Tefti- noonk^ 9^Mertius, Porpfjyrtrs, and^others*
Norfufferfleep atnight to cldfe thy eyesy
, . Tilhtlirice thy aUs that day thou haji dre-r.un *,
Hfst) flipt ? what deeds ? what duty left undone f*
^ Others, (as (t) OjryJtppus) attribufo them to his Difciples; fome particularly to theTa- rentine-, fome toPhilolaus. St. Hierom cb'nceives that the Sentences and Dodrines were Pytha¬ goras, but reduced to verfe fuccindly by Archip- pus ztALyfdesldvi Difci pies, who had theirSchools in Greek, and at Thebes, and having the precepts of their Mafter by heart, made ufe of their own ingenuity inftead of Books. Or they might be compiled by Epicarmus, of whom famblichus faith, (t) coming to Syracufa in the reign of Hie- fO ro, he forbore to protefs Philofophy openly, but did reduce the opinions of the Pythagoreans into Verfe, thereby in Iportive manner venting the Dodrine of Pythagords.
Epijiles of which are extant two only, one to Anaximenes, the other to Hiero,
Pythagoras to Anaximenes.
And thou, 0 befl of Men, if thou didji not ex¬ cel Pythagoras in extraH ^and honour , * wouldji have left Miletus ^ but novstthe honour of thk Country detains thee, and . would alfo detain me, were I like Anaximenes. But if you who are the moft confider ableP erf ons fhould forfake the Ci¬ ties, their glory would be loji, and they ueedme more infeed by the Medes. Neither k it fit to be always biijied in Afirology, hut better to take care of our Country. Even t my felf befiow not all my time- in Study, but Jometimes in the Wars, wherein the Italians are engaged one dgainji another.
This Epiftle feems to have been written in an- fwer to that of Anaximenes to Pythagords, alrea¬ dy produc’d in the Life of Anaximenes.:; v
Pythagoras to Hiero.
MX life k fecure and quiet, butyourswill no way fuit with me : A moderate and felf denying perfon, needs not a Sicilian fable.. Pythagoras, wherejoever he cbmes, hath all. things fufificient for the day j but to fervt a Lordk heavy and intolera¬ ble fior one unaccufioned to it. ’Au7apx«cs» fdffuf- ficiency, k a great and fafe thing, for iybath none that envies or confpires agfihft it whence that life feemetb to come near efi God. A good habit k not acquired by venereal pleajures, nor high feed¬ ing but by indigence, which leadeth toVirtue Va¬ rious and intemperate pleajures enjlave the fouls of weak perfons, but efpeci ally thofe which you en¬ joy, inasmuch as you ha-pe ^iven your felj. over to them y for you are carried infufpence, dnd cannot be fafe, becaufeyour reqfon oppofeth not it felf to thofe things which arepernicious. Therefore write not Pythagoras to live with you ; fdr Phyficians willnotfall fick to bear their yatients cotnpany.
Thefe arp mentiquodv^s the genuine Writings oiPythqgbrcts:’^ •Atb&fS' thejrp were accoijnte4 fpu-
rious, as,
The-MyfiifkW(Oiit/c, which {LAtE Laertius) they affirm to-haye beep by Htppqfus, in
detradiotiTrom.i^'tW^’'''?-*'- ^
{u) Many Writings of Ajh, a Crotonian, v;ere Lae-n. likewife alcribed to Pythagoras-, as were alfo, Ps(\^lptfi-kfl0mmentarhs, written indeed by (x')jamblx.'i* another or that n^me. Son of Er&tocles^
The
V
f X % H A G O. K A
Part
■'yj. Cip.
, , , . , p .The Dialea.pfvd by fytjjagcras and his Difci- ; u ^;wp«^Qi-ick^ which Tome conceivecho- Ten Sy Tbe excellent, ^.^Metrodo-
rus^ StAh'^x^yjamhlkhus ; Epichmnus (faith hcV aiid before him Pythagoras^ took the Dorick, tire belt of Dialefts as it is alfo the belt mufical Harmony ( for the ionickand iEolick partake of the CIn'omatick, the Attick is much more parti¬ cipant of the; Ghromatick ^ but the Dorick Dia¬ led is Enarmonick, cdiififting of, full founding . I.,g;Eers. The. Antiquity of the Dorick Dialed is teflified by the Fable ; For Nereus married ports. Daughter of the Ocean, whom they feign to have had' Fifty i of whom, one was the Mother . oP Achilles. Some (faith he) affirm, That D^»- calt^on. Son o^Prometheus^sindoPPyrrha, Daugh¬ ter of begot * he, Hellen-, he,
JEolus. But in the Babylonian Sacred Records, Hellen is faid to be the Son of Jupiter, and that Hellen begot 2iodiJCanthus, and by
whofe diredion he went to Rhodesi Now it is notv eafie to fpeak exadly concerning the Ancients . to thofe of later times, yet is it acknowledged by both thefe dories, That theD^?r/Ci^isthemofl: an¬ cient of thefe Dialeds. Next which the JEolick, ib named from Molus. The Third the lonick, derived.from lo. Son of Xanthus. The Fourth the Aiiick,. founded by Qreufa, Daughter of Erechtbeus, To named T hree Ages after the reft, according to the Thracians^ and the Rape of Ori- thuia,^.ymiA\ many^Hiftories declare. Orpheus alloL -the" raoft aneiest’^f Pqet^ ufed the Dorick
-Butperhaps t'hetrtlb'Reafbffisi .^caiifejt was the Dialefl of the Cpuntre^-. , Tortne Fyihagore- (i) JambUiip. ans (ar^' afmonillied alfPerfons to ufe the’ Lan- P^g‘ guage of their own Countrey, what Grecians fo-
ever came into their Community ^ for to fpeak a ftrange language!;: :they.;approved not. The Dorick Dialed was common throughout Magna Grecia. Crotona and Sybaris were Colonies of the Achaqriipyracufe Qix'o€Corinthians-,hoth which w^e originally Dorick, as beipg oPPeloponnefus Ca. ) Lib. 6. (J) Thucidides alledgeth this as a Motive which induced the Atheni^nstoyvavvjiththo Sicilians, left being D^?rca«x,'they ihould at fometime or othef affiif the Doreans, by reafon of their Af¬ finity •, and, being a Colony of the Peloponnefians, fhould joyn with the Peloponnejians, Hence, to the Stranger, in Theocritus his Adoniazuzte, re¬ proving .the Women thus, .■
(b) Peace foolijh babbling Women, leme.your • . prate •
Tour wide-tmah' d X^ouqY. here is out of ■ 'T date. ■
. .
Che of them .anfwef s, '
Gup, ibhence are yon ^ what is our talk to thee}
CorreUyour Maids, not Us of Sicilie*
I would you knewti, we are from Corinth
V .dj wrtf Bellerophon^ our Mother-tongue Po\o^mtP\m is-,- nor is it fcorn That they fpeak Dorick who are Dorick- bdrnr '
For (fiiith the Seholiaft) the Syracufans were
(fc)
burn.
ovigin&Wy, Eorinthi ans : Peloponnefus was inhabi¬ ted by the Koreans, together with the H^a- clid£.
CHAP. XXIII.
His Difeiples.
M Any were the Perfons, who from feveral parts reforted to Pythagoras, to be his Difeiples, and lived with him in that Condition.
Of thefe there were (as X d) Arijioxenus relates) ( Leucanians, MeJJapians, (or, as Laertius, Feu- cetians) and Romans. , )
{b) SimkhiA, Tyrant of thoCentoropians, fia (i j ponh. People oP Sicily, the Town it felf being called Centorpa J having heard him , laid down his / ^
Command, and diftributed his Riches, part Cp[ ■ ■ v' his Sifter, part to his Citizens. '
(c) Abaris alfo op Scythia, a Hyperborean, came (cj hither, who being unacquainted with the Greek Language and not initiated, and withal advan¬ ced into Years, would not introduce
him by various Theorems j but inftead of the fi- *
lence, and the long attention, and other trials, he made him prefently fit to receive his Doflrines, and taught him in a fhort time to underftand thofe Two Books concerning Nature, and concerning the Gods. For Abaris now in years, came from the Hyperboredni, a Ptieft of Apollo there, and converting the wifeft things concerning Religion, from Greece to his own Countrey, that he might lay up the collefted Gold to his God’s ufe, in his|
Temple among the Hyperboreans', butcomingby ' ‘ '
the way into and feeing Pythagoras, atxd likening him to the God whofe Prieft he was, and believing he was no other, not a man like him, but ^ very Apollo himfelf, both by his Gi&Vity, Und by • - •'''■ •• FO
fome Marks.and Tokens which he kntw, he gave Pythagoras an Arrow which he brought from the Temple, as neceflary for His Journey, through fo many different Contingencies, afid fuefi a long Travel : For riding upon that, and fo palling o- ver places that were otherwife impaf^ble, as Ri- ^ vers, Lakes, Marflies, Mountains, arid the like, (w
and coming to any place, as they fay, be made . Purification^ and expelled Peftilences and Storms from thofe Cities that defired his affiftance. Wd are informed, that Laeedamon being purged Bjf him, never had the Peftilence afterwards, where¬ as it was formerly very fubjeft to that ficknefs, by reafon of want of free paflage of the Air fthe Mountains, amongft which it is built, penning it up : For thofe Hills lye above it, as Gnoffus toO-eei) and other fuch Signs of the pow¬ er of Abaris are .reported. But Pythagoras ac<> ^ cepting the Arrow, and not looking ftrangely perhap read upon it, or asking the caufe why- he gave it him j but, as if he were himfelf the true ^d, taking Abaris afide, he fliowed him his golden Thi^, as an aflufedmark that he was not miftaken, and ■ then reckoning every particular of ^1 thofe that were in the Temple, that he did not guefs amifs, and adding^ That he came for the benefit of men, and for this reafon wa^ in man’s Ihape, . that, they might not be aftonilheffat one Ib faf ai^e them, and fo fly his Doftrine. And he commanded him to ftay there, and to joynwithhimin inftrufling them who came to him ; And as for the^ Gold . .sOv- , ■' ' -which
IX.'
P r T R A &
(e) Stab Alb. 6. page 26^.
CfJ Jofeph.
contra Appi>
‘pn.lib. II.
which he had gathered fbr his'God, he comman¬ ded hint to give it to ^lole whom he had ^af- fembled ^ infomuch that he adually confirmed the Sentence, All thirds common amongji Friends. Aborts thus fta^ihg with him (as we laid), he gave him the Epitome of Phyfiology and Theology, and inftead of the Art of gneffing by Sacrifices, he taught hi-ffl' ihat kind of Progno- ftick which is by Numbers, as thinking that moreSacped and Divine- and more agreeable to; the Celeftial Number^. 'ptHheGods. And other, Doftrineshe taught Aborts^ fuchas were proper for him. -
{e) Alilo of ,f hemoft eminent Wrefl-,
ler of thofe times, was Difciple to Fytbagoms He, when in the Hall oE the. Colled ge a Pillar be¬ gun to yeild, went Uh&ef ‘it^ and by that means faved all the Scholars , and at laft got away himfelf • and it is probable that this confidence, in his great ftrength was the occafion of his Death. For they report, that as he was going through a thick Wood far from any way, find¬ ing 3 great Tree with Wedges in it, he fet his Hands and Feet to it,ltrying to reive it aihn-, der^ whereupon the- Wedges fell out, andj he being caught, became \a Prey to the Wildl Beafts. In his Houfe it was, that the P///w- were furprized and burned by the Cylo-
nians.
(/) Calliphon of Crotopa^ is mentioned by Hermippus^ as an intimate Friend of Pythagoras^ who reported, ■CaJ/iphon was dead, That his Soul was continually prefent with him, and; that the Soul commanded himthathe fhould not pafs the place where his Afs fell ^ and that, he ftiould abftain from impure Water, and avoid ill-fpeaking. ^
We only mention thefe here,? a,s being molt particularly interefted in the Relation of PytUagoroi his Life : A dmofe perfe61: AccOunt of the reft, receive in the following Cata¬ logue.
' 'Mi' A. _ , ■■. . .
'AVC'.Y.' \
C H A P. OX XIV. 77?e SucceJJion of his School.
fmb.cxp,ylt. E Succeflbr of Pythagoras is by all acknow- i ledged to have been ARIST JEUS, Son of Damophon-, a Crotonian^ who lived in the time of Pythagoras, Seven Generations above Plato : Neither did he fucceed in the School only, but in breeding the Children of Pythagoras^^nd. in the Marriage of Theano, for his eminent underftand- ing of his Opinions ^ for he is faid to have , taught the Doflrine of Pythagoras Forty Years together lacking one, living in all, near an Hun- . dred^ he elTignedthe School to A^ift^eus, as be¬ ing the oldeft.
Nexthim, MNESARCHUS, Son of P/- thagoras.
He delivered it to BULAGORAS, in whole time the City of Crotona was lacked.
^ fCrn Succeeded TIDAS, a Crotonlan, return¬ ing •■from travel which he began before the War, but he died v/ith grief for the Calamity of his Gountrey ^ whereas it was a common thing to others, when they were very old, tofreethem- felves from the fetters of the Body,
A^Wvbrds they-took'^bflo of the^Li&vswzV;?^^'
laved by fome ftrangers, to be PrelidenC iof the School, to whom came DIODORUS the AJpen- dian, who . was takert^ by .b-ea1»n of the fcarcity , of in their Colledger^El • , . ' . * .
As Heraclea , CLIN 1 AS. 'and' iP ULt 0-^ LA US.
At Metapontunt) .THEO RIDES and E U-
RTLIUSk. ■ , - ' b ,
At Tarentum, A R'CM-X'^T AS^\\dl iv V ,
Of the External Acroaticks was Epicnarmw, but not of the ColledgO.''^ 'doming to Syracufa, ih thdhinle of the Tyram^y of iAVra;?-) hp dor- bare publickly to profefs. Pfiilbfophy^ jaut, he reduced the Opinions of thofe Men, (the Pytha¬ goreans) into Verfe, fportively divulging the abftrufe Do£lrines of Pythag6r.as\\ ' V-
Of the Pythagoreans it is likely that many were oblcure ; the Nanies of fuch as w'ere emi¬ nent, are theft j . .. .■ 'iL
y'
Crotonians.
Hyppqfiatm, Dymas, Mgon, 'JEmdn^- SiUm, Cledfihenesy Agclas, EpiJy/im^Phyciados, Eephd- nius, Timaus, Buthius, Eratus, Itanms, Pbo^ dippus, Bryas, Evander, Alillias, Antimedon, Mgeas, Leophron, Agylas,.Onatus, Uyppofthe- nes,Cleophron,Alcmaon, Damocles, Milon, Melon.
MctapontinbSi
Brontinus, P arm feus, Arefiados, Led,'Dafnar'^ tnenos, 2Eneas, Chilas, Melifias, Arifteas, La- phaon, Evander, Agejidamus, Xenocides, Eurj- phemus, Arifomenes, Age/archus, Alcias, Xe- nophantes, Thrajeos, Arytus, Epiphron, Eirif- cus, Megijleas, Leocydes, Lhrafymides Euphe- mus, Proclus, Antimedes^Lacritus, Damotages, Py.Krhbn, Rhexibiusf Alopecus, Ajiylus, Dacy^ dus, Aliochus, Lacrates, Glucinus. ^
,1'.. Agrigentine. . .'
Empedocles.
,fc;
. Velian.. .
Pamenidesi
Tarentlnes.
Philolaus, Arytus, Archytas, TheoJorus, ArU jiippus, Lycon, EfUaus, Polemarchus, Ajleas, Canias, Cleon, Eurymedon, Arceas, C/inagoras, Archippus, Zopyrus , Euthynus, Dicaarchus, Philonides, Phrentidas, Lyfis, Lyfibius/Dinocra^ tes, Echecrates, Paetion, Acujiladas, Iccus,Pi- ficrates, Clearatus, Lconteus, Phrin/chus, Si- micheas, Arifoclides, Clinias, Ahroteles,Pifer^ rydus, Brias, Evander, Archemachus, Alimno- machus, Achmonidas, Sicas, Caraphaniidas.
Sybarites.
Metopus,Hippafus, Pr oxen us, Evanor, Dea- nax, Menejiius, Diodes, Empedus, Thnafius, Polemaus, Evaus, Tyrfenus.
Parians.
JEtius, Phenedes, Dexiiheus, Aldmachas, Dinarchus, Melon, Timaus, Timejianax, Am* carus, Eumaridias.
Locrians.
Gyptius, Xenon, Philodamus, Euetes, Adieus^
Bbb Stbl
CA
I
o
P ^4 Q Q R AS.