PART IX.

P TT H A G 0 K A S.
361
f Pag.i3.
A River (which ^Forphyrius QzXhCaucafu^^ A- pollonius TLoTrf.iJi.ov KnmX(i(j!.Bv ■, Laef'tius and ^am- blichf/Sy Nejfus ; JElian.^ Cofa • St. Cyril.^ Caufus) as he paffed over it, with many ot his Friends,
* fpoke to him, and faid with a plain clear voice, >iJp5 noBay'oe^^- Hail Pythagorof. rorpb;fig.i3. In one and the fame day, almoft all affirm, that at Metapo/2tum in Ita/y^ and
at Tauromenmn in Sicily.^ with the Friends which he had in both places, and difeourfed to them in a publick Convention, when as the pla¬ ces are diftant many Stadia by Sea and Land, and many days journeys afunder. Apollonius relates this, as done at Croto and Metapontum. iP/«#.iaNvima. At the publick Solemnity of the Olympick ^ Games, he flood up and Ihewed his golden thigh ^ Farpb.^. i3, in private to Abarts^ to confirm him
in the opinion, that he was Hyperborean Apollo^ whofe Pricfl Abaris was.
Fyrphyr. p. 18. ^ coming into the Harbour, and his
Friends wifliing they had the goods that, were in it : Then (faith Pythagoras) you will have a dead body : And when the Ship came at tljem, they found in it the Body of a dead Man.
Janib. cap. Yo one who much defired to hear him, he faid. That he would not difeourfe until fome fign appeared. Not long after, one coming to bring News of the Death of a white Bear in Caulonia, he prevented him, and related it firft*
'Jim. dc vita They affirm he foretold many things, and apud fQ pafs j infomuch that f Ariflip-
t Uerp* the Cyrenmn.^ in his Book of Phyfiologick,
faith, He was named Pythagoras^ fromfpeaking things as true as Pythian Apollo. He foretold an Earthquake by the Water which he tailed out of a Well ; and foretold. That a Ship, which was then under fail with a pleafant gale, ftionld be call away.
At Sybaris he took in his hand a Serpent of deadly biting, and let it go again. And at Tyr- rhenia he took a little Serpent, and biting it, kill’dit with his Teeth. ,
Porpb.p.iS,i$. A thouland other more wonderful and Divine things are related conflantly, and with full agree¬ ment of him ; fo that, to fpeak freely, more was never attributed to any, nor was any more eminent. For his Predidions of Earthquakes moil certain are remembred, and his immediate chafing away of the Peflilence, and his fuppref- fionof violent Winds and Hail, and his calming of Storms, as well in Rivers as upon the Sea, for the eafe and fafe paflage of his Friends, from vthQm Ewpedocles, and Epintenides^ and Abaris learning it, often performed the like, which their Poems plainly attefl. . Befides, Empedocles ^a% firnamed MexanemosyAxz chafer away of Winds \ Epimenides, Cathdrtesy the Luftrator-, Abaris.^ JEthrobates^ the Wdlker in the Air ^ for, riding upon an Arrow od Hyperborean Apollo.^ which was given’ him, . he was carried jn the Ait over Rivers and Seas, and inacceifible places, whicli fome believed to have been done by Pythagoras.^ when he difeourfed with.hi^^priend? at Metapontum and Tauromenhmyepdnxh^iayn^TlaY.
In Nubes. T o thefe add his trick nyith a Lookingrghkfs, as
pag. 159. theSchpliaftof Ari/?qp44»4'.f.callsit,who4efcribes it .ltnjs : The Moon, being, in the Full, he wrote whatfmeyhe.pletfed.in hiood upon aJLpoking- glafs^ anitellihg ill firll^tft the other party, flood
tehind him, holding the Letters towards the Moon ^ vyhereby he who flood betwixt him and the Moon, looking fleadfaflly upon her, read all the Letters which were written in the Looking* glafs in the Moon, as if they were written in her.
But thefe things, fome, even of the Ancients, have imputed toGoetick Magick, as 'Timon.^ who terms him, To>{1u, a Magician ^ others, to impo- flure, as appears by this Relation of Heraclidesj and the Scholiafl oh Apollonius : f When he came t Pteratlldcsti’ into lialy.^ he made a Vault under ground, and charged his Mother [ * to give out that he was dead, andq to fet down in a Table-book all things that hapned, expreffing the times pun£lually.
Then he went down fand fhut himfelf up in the Vaultq, and his Mother did as he ordered her, until fuch time as he came up again. After a while Pythagoras came up, lean and withered *, and coming into the Congregation, declared.
That he was returned from the Inferi., and re¬ lated to them what was done thercq and told them many prodigious Stories concerning the Palingenejie^ and the things of the Zv/m ; telling the living news of their dead friends, with whom, he faid, he met in the Inferiy] f Hieronymus re- 1 lates, That he faw there the Soul of He/iodhovind with Brafs to a Pilar, fhrieking,^ and that of Homer hung up on a Tree, encompaffed by Serpents, for the Fables which he had raifed concerning the gods : Thofe likewife tormented who ufed not the company of their own Wives.
For this he was much honoured by the Crotoni- ans. They being much moved at what he faid, ' wept and lamented, and hereupon conceived fuch an efleem of Pythagoras^ as being a Divine Perfbn, that they fent their Wives to him to be InflruHed in his Do9:rine, which Women were called^ Pythagoreans. Thus Hermippus. The Scholiafl adds, L Hereby he raifed an Opinion concerning himfelf, That,before the Trojan War^ he was jEthalides.^ the Son of Mercury , then Euphorbus^ then Hermotimus.y then f Pyrrhus.^ a t So read not Delian-, laflly, Pythagoras. 2 And, as Laertius Dtbm. faith, in his Writings he reported of himfelf.
That he had come from the Inferi to Men, 207 years fince. Of this more in his Doclrine, Part.
2. Chap. Sell. 10.
CHAP. XIX. His Death.
The time of Pythagoras his Death hath becii formerly touched ^ it was, according to Eufebius, iq the Fourth _ year of the 70th Olym- 1 lj{,^ ^o) piad, after he had lived, as f JuJline faith, at Crotona 20 years. The occafion is differently related. Laertius thus.
Pythagoras died in this manner : As he fate in counfel together with his Friends, in the Houfe 0^ Milo, it happened that the Houfe was , fet on fire by one who did it out of Envy, hecaufe ^ he was not admitted.. Some affirm, the Cro- tomans ‘did it out of fear of being, rediyred to a Tyranny. Pythagoras running away, was over¬ taken i coming to a Place full of Beans , he made a flop, faying. It is better to be taken, than to tread; and better to be^killed, than to
A a a ' ' fpeak.
vtthagoras.
PARf IXt
' ■ J
— . .1 ■ . mxmrn
f 'hsfiyetv- Til. So ill Por- ph)riw,^ig.^9- a'^cLvct -mv dvetyKtcifoy, ill rendred, arnkomm ino-
pia.
fpeak. So the purfuers flew Mm. In the fame manner died molt ot his Difciples, about Forty in number ^ fbme few only elcaped, of whom wcvc Archyta^ xh,zTarentine^ and L)y5j, of whom we fpake before. lAicmrchm faith. That Pytha¬ goras fled to the Temple of theMufes at Meta- pontum^ and died f for want of Food, having lived there forty days without eating. Herach- desy in his Epitome of the Lives of Satyrus^ re¬ lates, That having buried he return¬
ed to Italy^ where finding the FaQiion of Cyclo (prevalent), he departed to Metap'ontum^ and there ftarved himfelf, not willing to live any longer. Hermippus faith, That th^ Agrigentines and Syracufians warring againft one another, Py¬ thagoras, with his Friends, went to the Agri- geatines, and was Head of them : But they be¬ ing vanquifhed, and he flying to a field of Beans, was there ilain ^ the reft ( being thirty-five ) were burn’d at 'Tarentum , for intermeddling with the Governors and Rule of the Common¬
wealth.
Jamhlichus , from Arijioxenus , and others, gives a more particular account : There were (faith he) fome, who oppugned thefe Men, and rofe up againft them. That this Confpiracy hap¬ pened in the abfence of Pythagoras, is acknow¬ ledged by all y but they difagree concerning his Journey ; Some fay, he was gone to Pherecydes, the Syrian-, others, to Metapont urn. TheCau- fes of this Confpiracy are diverily related alfo • one is faid to have proceeded from the Men, who were called Cyionians, thus: Cy/o^ a QrotorJan, who, in Race, and Honour, and Wealth, ex¬ celled all the reft of the Citizens, but otherwife of a harlh, violent, turbulent, and tyrannical Humour, was exceedingly defirous to participate of the Pythagorick Inftitution ^ and coming to Py¬ thagoras, who was now very old, he was repul- fed for the Reafons aforefaid. Hereupon there arofe a great Conteft, (y/o and his Friends op- pofing Pythagoras and his Friends : And fo eager and violent was the Malice of Cy/o and his party, th\it it extended even to the laft of the Pythagore¬ ans. Pythagoras therefore for this reafon depar¬ ted to Metapontum, where it is faid that he died. The Qylonians (fo called) continued to exercife their hatred and enmity towards the Pythagore¬ ans: Fora while, the integrity of the ans, and the kindnefs of the Cities (which was fo great as to be governed by them) was prevalent^ but at laft they fo plotted againft the Men, as that furprifmg them, alfembled in the Houfe of XAilo, at Crotona, confulting about Military Af- ftirs, they burned them all, except two, Archtp- pus and 'Lyfis, who being youthful and ftrong, ef- caped out of doors. This falling out, and the Cities not taking any notice of the misfortune, the Pythagoreans gave over their bufinefs. This happened from two Caufes, as well by reafon of the unconcernment of the Cities (for they had no regard of the Murther, to punifli the Au¬ thors thereof) as by reafon of the Death of tlie 0 moft excellent Perfons, two only of them were fav ed, both 'Tarentines oi\A\om,Aachippus reti¬ red to Tarentum but lyjis, out of hatred of the Hegled they had received from the Cities, depar¬ ted intoGrepc^,and XivedatAchaiamPelopotinefus: Thence, upon a particular defign, he removed- to Thebes, where Epimanondas- heard him, hnd cal¬
led him Father : There he died. The reft of the Pythagoreans, all but Architas the Tarentinefov- fook Ita/y, andalTemblingat they lived
there together. But in progrefs of time the ma¬ nagement of publick Affairs decayed. The moft eminent of thefe were Phanto, and Echecrates, and Polymnajlus, and Diodes (both Phliafians ), and Xenophilus, a Chalcidean of Chalets in Thrace-, thefe preferved the Cuftoms and Dodrines from the beginning, but with the Sed it felf at laft: fk
they were wholly extinguifhed. This is related by Arijioxenus.
Nicomachus agreeth in all things with this Re¬ lation, except in that he faith. This Infurredion happened at what time Pythagoras Was gone to • ...
Delus, to'vifit Pherecydes, whowasfickof a .
Phthiriajts *, then were they ftoned and burned ' ■
by the Italiotes, and caft forth without burial.
Hitherto Jamblichus,
With thefe alfo agreeth the Relation of Neon- thes, thus delivered by f Porphyrias, t
Pythagoras and his Friends having been a long time fo much admired in Itafy, that many Cities committed themfelves to them, at laft they be¬ came envied, and a Confpiracy was made againft them in this manner : Cy/o, a Crotoniari (who, in Extrad, Nobility, and Wealth, exceeded all the reft of the Citizens, but otherwife was of a vio¬ lent, rigid-, and tyrannical Difpofition, and one \ that made ufeof the multitude of his Friends to compafs his unjuft ends) as he efteemed him- - •> • felf worthy of all excellent things, fo moft par- ' - ■
ticularly to partake of the Pythagorick Philofo- ' -
phy i he came to Pythagoras, and much extolled himfelf, and defired his Converfation. But Py¬ thagoras prefently obferving the Nature and Man¬ ners of the Perfon, and perceiving by the figns which he obferved in the bodies of fuch as came to him, what kind of dilpofition he was of, bad him depart, and go about his bufinefs. Hereat Cylo was not a little troubled, taking it for a great affront , being of himfelf a perfon of a rough violent Spirit. Therefore calling his Friends together, he began to acevTePythagoras, and to confpire againft him and his Difciples. Whereupon, as fome relate, the Friends of Py¬ thagoras being gathered together in the Houfe of Milo the Wreftler, Pythagoras himfelf being abfent (for he was gone to Delus, to vifit Phere- “> cydes the Syrian, formerly his Mafter, who was defperately fallen fick of a Phthiriajts, and to attend on him), they fet the Houfe on fire, hnd burned and ftoned them all, except two who ef- caped the fire, Archippus and lyjis, t&Neanthes relates, of whom, went into Greece, to Epymanondas, vyhofe Mafter he had formerly been.
But Dicaarehus, and other more accurate Authors affirm , That fytbagoras himfelf was there prefent when this Gonlpiracy was perpe¬ trated, died before he left ^
mus. Of his Frierids, Forty being gatheri^ Ito- gether^ wetfe befet in a Houle , moft 6f them going difperfedly to the City, were flain. ty- thagoras, his Friends being taken, fifft efcaped to the^ dcaulonian lAaven , thence went to 'the Locriansir The Locrians Pent fome old meh to the borders of their Countrey, whoigave him thisanfwer^ We have heard, J^tbagpra^, that thou art ^ a perfon wifo, and of greirt worth;
but
sRart IXu TT%HA
but we ' have nothing w our Laws that is repre- Jicnlible, and therefore we will endeavour to prefetyc them. Go to fome other, place, ta¬ king of us whatfocver you have need of. Here¬ upon leaving the City of tlie Locrians^ he failed loTarentitm^ where receiving the fame enter¬ tainment he had at Croto^ he went to Metapon- tuniy for great Seditions were raifed againft him in every part, wlifch are remembred by the Inhabitants at this day, who recount the Sedi¬ tions againft the Pythagoreans^ as they call them ^ for all that Fatfion which fided with Pythagoras were called Pythagoreans. In the Metapontine Fallon, Pythagoras is faid to have died, flying to the Temple of the Mufes, and flaying there forty days, through want of neceffaries.
Others relate. That when the houfe wherein hiiS Friends ufed to meet, was fired, his Friends threw themfelves into the fire, to make a way for their Mailer, fpreading their Bodies like a bridge upon the fir ft ^ and that Pythagoras, ef- caping out of the burning, deftitute of all his Friends, for grief ended his days.
- * With thefeMen, oppreffed with this Calami¬
ty, failed their Knowledge alio, which till then they had preferved fecret and concealed, except Tome things difficult to be underftood, which the Auditors that lived vti^mj^he Skreen), repeat¬ ed by heart, l^yfis efcaping, and
as many as were at thatl|IB|Bi other parts, pre¬ ferved fome little fparks oFphilofophy, obfeure and difficult to be found out^ for being now left alone, and much grieved at the perpetration of that wickednefs, fearing left the Name of Phi- lofophy fhould be quite extinguifti’d amongft Men, and that for this reafon the gods would be angry with them, they made fome fummary Commentaries \ and having reduc’d the Writings of the Ancients, and thofe which they remem¬ bred, into one Body, every one left them in the place where they died, charging their Sons, Daughters, and Wives, that they fhould not communicate them to any out of their own Family. Thus privately continuing it fuccef- fively to their Succelfors, they obferved it a long time. And for this* reafon, izixh Nicomachus, we conjeflure, that they did purpofely avoid friendfliip with Strangers ; and for many Ages they preferved a faithful conftant friendfhip a- mongft themfelves.
t P‘3^* ^ Moderatus faith. That this (Pythagorick Phi- loTophy) came at laft to be extinguifhed, firft, . becaufe it was senigmatical ^ next, becaufe their
Writings were in the Dorick Dialefl, which is . . . obfeure, by which means, the Doflrines deli-
j . yered in it were not underftood, being fpurious
i .and mifapprehended, becaufe (moreover) they
I wJab publifh’d them were not Pythagoreans. Be-
’ fides, Plato, Arijiotle, Speujippm, Arijioxenus,
. . , and Xenocrates, as the Pythagoreans affirm, ven-
1 ' ted the beft of them, as their own, changing
only fome few things in them *, but the more vulgar and trivial, and whatfoever was after- I wards invented by envious and calumnious per-
Ibns, to call a contempt upon the Pythagorean j School, they collefled and delivered as proper to
I that Seft.
! /-«wJ.cap.35. But forafinuch as Apollonius gives a different i P*g« an* Account of thefe things, and adds many things which have not yet been fpoken , kt us give
GQRaX 36^
his Narration alfo concerning the Infurrefli- on againft the Pythagoreans. He ( therefore) faith. That .the Pythagoreans ^Ntx^ from
their very Childhood for the People, as long as Pythagoras difeourfed with all that came to him, loved him exceedingly-, but when he .ap- ply’d himfelf only to his DiCcipIes, they under¬ valued him. That he fhould admit Stran¬ gers, they well enough fuftered : But that, the Natives of the Countrey fliould ajt^ibute fq ■'much to him, they took very Ill , and. .fijfper* ded their meetings to be Contriyqnj^nts ■ a- gainft them. Befides, the Young lyleff being of the beft rank and eftate, it came to paf^ that after a while , they were not only, the chief Perfons in their own Families, but go¬ verned even the whole City, they , becoming many, as to a Society, (for they were aboyp three hundred Perfons) hut being a fmall part as to the City, w^hich was not ordered ac¬ cording to their Manners and Inftitutions. Notwithftanding, as long as they poffeffed the place they were in only, and Pythagoras ved there, the City followed the Original Gq- verment thereof, though much {perplexed, and watching an opportunity for change. But af¬ ter they had reduced and that he de¬
parted , and they diftributed the conquered Countrey into Colonies, as they pleafed ; atC length, the concealed hatred broke forth, and the multitude began to quarrel with them. The Leaders of this diffention v/ere thofe vyhp were ncareft ally’d to the Pythagoreans. Ma¬ ny things that had paft, grieved them, according, as they were particularly affefled ; but one ,qf the greateft was, that he only GiouJd t>e thought capable of difrefpefl. for the Pythagoreans never to narne Pythagoras ■, but whiilfc he lived, they called him. Divine-, after Deadly AW;
As Homer introduceth Eumaus mentioning U- lyjfes. ^
I to pronounce his Name, though abfent, fear-.
So great is my refpeS, and he fo dear.
In like manner, not to rife out of bed, aftef * the Sun’s up, nor to wear a Ring, whereon the Image of God is; engraved -, but to obferve the Sim, that they may adore his rifing -, and not to Wear a Ring , left they might chance to have it on at a Funeral ^ or carry it into any unclean place. Likewife , not to do any thing without premeditation , nor any thing whereof they could not give a good account^ but that in the Morning they fhould confider what they were to do, and at Night they fliould make a recolledlion thereof, as well to ponder the things themfelves, as to exercife the Memory. Likewife, if any one of that Community had appointed to meet another in any place, he fhould flay there D.iy and Night until the other came. The Pythagoreans likewife accuftomed themfelves' to be mindful of what is faid, and to fpcak nothing rafhly. But above all' things , as an inviolable Precept , to be kept even until Death , he advifed them not to reproach ,• but always to., ufe good Words, as at Sacri¬ fices. Theft things much difpleafed all in
A a a i general
f T T a A G 0 R A S.
PARTlXi
genera], as I fqiid, forafnTuch as they admitted men to bfe :edii^atcd in this fi'ngularity amongft tliein. Bat, in that they reached forth the hartfe to Fythagoreans- only , and not to any of their own Family, except their Parents: Lil^ewife, in that tliey had their Eftates in com¬ mon, wdiolly alienated from their own Dome- fticks ; Hereat their Allies were much difplealed. And they beginning the diffention, the reft rea¬ dily joyned-themfelves, and engaged in it. And at 'the fame tin! e, Hippafus^ and Diodorus^ and faying, That it was fit every one ihould ^partake of the publick Government and Con¬ vention j and that the Magiftrates being chofen •by Idr, dught to give an Account. But on the •other fide, the ?ythagoreans^ Alcmach^j and Dimach/s^ and Meto:, and Democedes^ oppofing ft, and forbidding that the Government of the •Gountrey fhould be abrogated ; thefe taking the part of the'Commons, got, the better.. But afterwards, many of the common People un- derftanding that there was a divifion in the publick Convention, Cylo and Nino^ Orators, framed an Accufarion againft them^ the firft was one of the heft quality •, the other of the vulgar fort. To this effeQ-, a long difeourfe being made by Cy/u, the other continued it, pretending that he had found out the great- eft Secrets of the Pythagoreans. But indeed having forged and writ fuch things, as tfiere- ■by be might chiefiy traduce them ; and ha¬ ving delivered the Book to a Notary, bad him read it: The Title was. The Sacred Difeourfe : The Slim whereof this : That Friends ought to be reverenced as the. Gods themfelves^ but all other Men tyranniz'd over like Beajis. That the fame Sentence of Pythagoras him- felf reduced to Verfe.^ was thus rehearfed by his 'Difciples :
Friends equaj with the gods he did refpeO:,
All others fas of no account) negled.'
And that he chiefly praifed Homer, for fay- ingy Ucifivct rdeov, the .Shepherd of the People^ for _ that he tacitelytf imply d^ that the refi of Mankind were but Beafts. That he ajfebled Oligarchy^ and was an Enemy to unmarried Perfons-, as thofe who had been Chief in Fie llion of Magifirates by lot. That he affeiled Tyranny, in as much as he faith. It is better to be a Bull, though but one day , than an Ox all our life time. That he praifed the Laws and Cufoms of other People, and com¬ manded That whatfoever was decreed by them, fhould be ufed. In fine, he declared. That their Philofophy was a confpiracy againfi the People, and advifed them, that they fhould not hearken to the Voice of their confultations, but rather think of forbidding them to meet in counfel at all, if they alledged. That they had a fetled AJfembly, confifiing of a Thoufand Voices. Wherefore it was not fit that they fhould, as far as in them lay , give ear to prohibited Perfons, and permit them to fpeak • but to efieem their right hand which they held from them hojlile, when they fhould offer to put in a fione for voting, conceiving it an unworthy thing, that three hundred thoufand Men , who all lived about the River Tetrais,
fhould be oppreffed by Seditions , and aver- come by the thoufand part of them in that Ci¬ ty. This calumny fo much exafperated the hearers, that fome few days after, as they were facrificing in the Temple of Pythian Apollo, they ran in tumultuoully to do violence to them. But the Pythagoreans being informed beforehand thereof, * fled to the publick Hall. Democedeir; with the Young Men, went to Platea-, but they. difTolving the Laws, ufed Decrees, whereby accufing Democedes' of ftir- ring up the Young Men to Tyranny , they proclaimed , That whofever did kill him, fhould have in recompence Three Talents. And there being a Fight, wherein he, by the means of Theages, was overcome, they gave him Three Talents out of the publick Trea- fury. But there arifing many misfortunes in. the City and Countrey, the banifhed Perfons being called to Judgment , and the Examina¬ tion thereof being committed to Three Cities Tarentum,Metapontummd. Caulon,thcy that were put in Commiliion, thought good (as appears by the Crotonian Records^ to banifli them. So they banifhed the whole Generation, faying. That the Children ought not to be feparated from their Parents, and feiz’d their Eftates. But after many years, Wjt/fjfits and his Friends be¬ ing llain in anotheiM^y and Litago alfo, who was head of this ItHRS, they took compaffion on them, and refolved to call home thofe who were left. Wherefore fending for their Ambaft fadors from .deWa, they made an agreement with the banifhed Men by them, and hung up the Copies of their Oaths in the Temple of Delphi. The Pythagoreans who returned, were about Threefcore, belides thofe who were Very aged, of whom fome addided themfelves to Medicine, and cured the fick, and fo became Mafters of that which is called Method. Thofe who were reftored, grew into great favour with the People, at that time in which it was prover¬ bially faid, in oppofition to thofe who violate the Laws, Thefe are not under the Government of Nino.
CHAP. XX.
His P erf on andVirtues. f
HIS Perfon (aj famblichusdefcrii?e5to bave(t^ dp. 2.p.
been in his Youth extraordinary beautiful, 3** called, The fair-hair’d Samian-, (b) and at 56(*.) Cap.5. p.’ years of age, of a more comely and divine pre- 37* fence, (c) Laertius faith. He is reported to have CO E*g been of a mofi awful afpebl, infomuch as his Dif¬ ciples thought him Hyperborean Apollo : Adding,
That {d) Timon takes notice of the awfulnefs of( his prefence in his SHU, though he alledg’d it in difjparagement of him.
Pythagoras skilt d in the Goctick Laws,
Who courts by grave difeourfe humane applaufe.
So great an impreffion it made upon thofe with whom he converfed, that a Young Man being lharply reprehended by him, immedi¬ ately went and hanged himfclf. Whereupon
Pythagoras
i
Pab-t IX.
P rr B AG OR A s.
Pythagoras ever after forbore to reprove any f'erfon,
(e) Athene (^) Lycoa, in tbc Life of Pythagot'm , faith , Deipn. lo- That he ufed a fpare Diet: (/) Athenaus^ That
(fj Ibid. he dnmk very little, and lived fo moderately,
that , he was often content only^ with Honey.
(g) Forphyrt (g) By'bk moderate Dut^ he frefervedhk Body in
the fame confiant ft ate, notfometimes ftek, Jome- '■ times well , Jometimet faty fometimes lean. It appeared by his (Countenance, that the fame Con- fancy was in his Soul alfo.: He was not fubjeS to Joy (as Cicero likewiles oblerves) or Grief, no *lAert. Man ever fawhim re joy ce or mourn. * Neither
did any ever fee him alvum exonerantem, coeun- tem, or drunk. He refrained wholly: from de- rifion, and alfentation, and feoffs, and detraflive fpeeches. He never punifhed any in Anger , neither Servant nor free Perfbn.
(h) Laert. fee (h) He wore a white and clean Stole, (or Go wn^
iiSaJamb.ciy. white woollen Blankets, for as yet linnen
(i) Mian.yir.'^^ ktiown in thofe parts, and (i) a go Id^
ttft. 12, 22. * Crown and Breeches.
(k) Porph, (k) Diogenes difepurfipg of his Daily Conver- fation, faith, He had Morning Exercitations at his own Houfe, compofing his own Soul to the 'ii’ Lyte, and finging fome old Paeans of Thales.
'.I'idi. .•'■ He likewife Ting fome Verfes of Homer and C'fi i -c| V Hejiod , whereby he rendred his Mind more ' fedate. Moreover, he ufed fome Dances, . ■ , which he conceived to conduce to Agility and Bodily Health. His Walks he ufed not with ma- ptoraifcuoufly, but with Two or Three, in
- i the- Temples or Groves, making choice of fuch nT 7 : . places as were moft pleafant, and remote from
*V.-- noife.
{^ Jamh.crp* (/j Having purchafed the Eflate of Alcaus, ^:pag. 153. vvho, after his Embaffy to Lacedamon, died, he ' Was jQo lefs admired for his Oeconomy than Phi- .‘rn . iofophy.
Befides this Pythagoras the Philofopher, there were many others of the fame Name, the moft fm'y Thu in ancient a (m) Laconian, Contemporary with King Numa.
Laertius reckons Four,alI about the fame time, or at leaft not long diftant from one another • for, (belldes the Philofopher) there was one : a (jrotohian, a tyraruiical perfon • another a Phli-
(k) Lib. ^i-ajian, dreivluf, ( Exercitator , as (n)
ap-7.
renders it) one that profefled to teach Corporeal Exercifes, and to diet and order the Body for them. This feems to be the fame (p)Jmb. c,6.thagoras, (0) Son of Eratocles, who writ Aleip- pag. 40. tickCommentaries, and advifed the Wreftlers, in- ftead of Figs to eat Flefhf both which are aferi- bed by fome to Pythagoras the Philofopher. The Third a Lacynthian, to whom are aferibed the Dodtrines of Philofophy, which it was lawful to divulge,and the proverbial dvrof^pa,-, both which were proper to Pythagoras the Philofopher.
. , . , Some reckon another Pythagoras of Rhegium, a
’ ' Statuary, who invented Rythm and Symmetry,
and another of Samtss, a Statuary allb, (perhaps M Lib. 34. c. the fame -whom (f)Pliny placeth in the ^ych * Olympiad) and another, an Orator, ofnoRepu-
j... tation^ another, a Phyfician, who writ of c-waah,
- 5* the Sea-Onyon, (aferibed by * Pliny to the Philo¬
fopher) and concerning Homer ', and another, the Hiftory of the Doreans, as Dionyfius relates. Hi- 7 \ c therto Laertim.
43; S\ud. .7 ^ ^ ^ Pythagoras the Ephejian, who
fu'ed before Cyrus-, another of the fame,N^me,
( r) . Pra^feef under Ptolemy-, a 'TJi^r.d(,i a.(s) 0) Flip. 37.2. Painter. j . ^ x
H'
CHAP. XXI. , 7.,
His Wife, Children, Servants.
Etook to Wife Theqno. ^ Some afGpm, flie was a {a) Crotonian-, but (b)torpByfB)s, a 0) Suid. in Cretan, DmghtQx: of Pythanax, or (t)JPy thonax.'^^^^'^°- After the Death of Pythagpr as, fhe took upon the Tuition of their Children, and thb ‘(T; vernment of the School, (^J m3LVvy\n.^.Jirifieus., aeiirmcip-a who IlicGeeded him in that Dignity. 2. faith. There were fome Writings extant und^er her Name-, vvhereof inftancech, Philofophical Commentaries, Apophthegms, and a Poems n Hexa¬ meter, Ot her Apophtliegms are rcin^u bred- thefe: (f) Being demanded bow foon, ; after- (/) Laert. Coition, a Woman is pure, fhe anfwqred,X(w/V^ her own Husband, at the fame injlant^ if with a f range Perfon, never. Sir? a'l v : fed e i > W 4'inan, ' whenAiegocth to bed to her HubbmX, to,j ut off her Modefty with her Cloaths, and whc,i^i-jQie ri- feth, to p)ut it on again wnth them. Beingiasked (upon dccaOon perhaps of fome ambiguous word)
'TtoiA -, •, which of the two fhe meant > She anfwered-i ^ ,
That for lohichl am called a Woman. To one, admiring her Beauty, and faying, Hozo-yftiite an Arm ! She anfwered. But not cotnmon. Laertius, who affirms, (he was Daughter to Brmunus, a Crotonian, adds. That, according to fome,, anowsL’i Wife to Brontinus, and Difcipleto j^bcz- goras. And with this Second, it feems, the. for¬ mer was frequently confounded, as particularly in the firft of the precedent ApophLhcgms,':vhi'.di Jamblichus affirms to have been Ipoken- by Thea- no, t\\o'SN\ft of Brontinus, chough attributed by fome (of whom is Laertius) to Thcano, the Wife of Pythagoras.
(g) Of his Sons by Theano are remembred (^.) SuB. Telauges and Mnefarchus: Mnefarchus fee ms to be the fame whom (h) Plutarch calls Mamer- (h) In Numa. CUS-, for both thefe Names' are given to the Fa¬ ther of Pythagoras, from whom that of .his Son, doubtlefs, was derived, (i) By fome he feems Cp D" to be called Damo, if there be no miftake oq~^' cafion’d hy Pythagoras his Daughter, of the fame Name. Thefe Two, Telauges Afncfdrchus, were, upon their Father’s Death, bred up under their Mother Theano, and afterwards govern¬ ed the School, as Jamblichus attefts of Alne- farchus, Laertius of Telauges, who adds. That he taught Empedocles, as fome conceive, and Hippobolus cites , out of Empedocles himfelf , this :
♦ (k)NobleTci\2Xi%t%fromT\\siz.nofprung, (f) Perhaps And great Pythagoras- -
But of, Telauges there is no Writing extant.
Thus Laertius, who yet elfewhere cites an Epi- ftle of Telauges to Philolaus. And. Jamblichus affirms. That fome aferibed to him the Sacred Difeourfe, which went under the Name of Py¬ thagoras.
To
XAt-71 KUfi, &C.
V T T H A G 0 R A S.