Part IX.

357
what is good for hiinfelf. The worfl: is he, who ‘ ftays to Learn what is beflr, by the experience ‘ of fuffering ill.
‘ He faid, That they Who are defirous of Glo- ‘ ry, fhall not do atnifs, if they imitate thofe ‘ who are crowned for Running ^ for they do no ‘ harm to their Adverfaries, but defire that they *^themfelves may obtain the Viftory. And itbe- ‘ feemeth Magiftrates not to be rigid to thofe ^ who contradid them, but to benefit thofe who ‘ obey them.
‘ He likewife exhorted every one that aimed ‘ at true Glory, to be indeed fuch, as he defired
* to appear to others j for it is not fo facred a ‘ thing to be advifed by another, as to be praifed ‘ for what is done •, for one is only requifite ' to Men , the other much more ufed by the ‘ Gods. #
‘ In Conclufion he faid , That their City
* chanced to be built by Hercules. When he ‘drove fGmWs] Oxen through Italy^ being ‘injured by I^acinius^ Crotb coming to help him ^ ‘ not knowing him by reafon of the Nighty and ‘ thinking him to be one of his Enemies, he flew ‘ him ; and. then promiifing at his Grave, that he ‘ would build a City which fhould bear his Name, ‘ if ever he came to be a God *, in gratitude for ‘ his kindnefs, he faid^ it behoved them to go- ‘ vern their Commonwealth juftly.
.‘They hearing this. Built a Temple to the ‘ Mufes , and put away the Concubines which ‘ they ufed to keep ; and entreated him to Dif- , ‘ courfe feverally in the Temple of 'Pythian Apol- dSo ■ ^ Boys, and in the Temple of * Juno to
/ ‘the Women.
74^9 10.
H
..1.-
CHAP. XIV.
Hps Oration to the Boys,
'E being perfwaded by them, difeourfed to the Boys in this manner ; ‘That they ‘ fhould neither begin Contumelies, nor return ‘ them to the Reproachers.
‘ And concerning ■mihia.y ( Inflltution ) which ‘is of the.fame Name as the time of their Youth, ‘ he Commanded them diligently to purfue it • ad- ‘ Aing, That to a well difpofed Youth, it is eafie ‘ to preferve honefby throughout all his Life •, ‘ but to him that is not well difpofed , it is ‘hard at that time to continue it, but more ‘- difficult from an ill beginning to rup to the
‘ Moreover he declared. That they are molt ‘ beloVied Of the Gods, and for th^it reafon in ‘times of Death, they are fent forth fo pray ‘to fthe Gods for Rain^ as if the Deity would ‘ fodheft hear them. ' And they only being al- ‘•vvays ianftified,- had leave to live in the Tern-' ‘pl^
‘ For the fame Reafon, the Gods that are moft ‘kind to Men, Apollo and Cupid, are by all Pain- ‘t0t%'‘reprefented, as having that Age (of Boys, j ‘It is likewife acknowledged, that the crowned ‘ Games , were inftituted tor the fake of Boys j ‘ the ’upon the Conqueft of Pytho by a
that in Nemea, for a Boy likewife ^ and * that in Ijihmus, upon the Death of Archemort/s ^wA Melicertus,.
Befidcs all this, at the building of the City Croto, Apollo X6\A the Leader of the Colony, That he would give him a Progeny, if he con- dufted his Colony to Italy • whence they ought to retiecl, that j^qllo Iiath a particu¬ lar Providence for that Generation ^ and over Youth, even all the G8ds. Wherefore they ought to ftudy to be fSqrthy of their Love, and employ themfelves in hearing, that they may be able to fpeak. Moreover , if they would live to be old themfelves, they fhould obey their Elders, and not contradift them *, for by that means they will become efteemed wortliy, not to be injured by thofe that are younger than themfelves.
C H A P. XV.
Hk Oration to the Women,
IT is faid. That he difeourfed td the Women concerning Sacrifices ; firft , that ‘ As when ‘another Man were to pray for them, they ‘ would_have him to be. Honeft and Good, be- ‘ caufe the Gods hearken to fuch Men ^ m like ‘ manner ought they above all things fo to behave ‘ themfelves, as that they may indeed have the ‘ Gods attentive to theit Prayers.
‘Next, That they, njull prefent the Gods .•
‘ with fuch things , as they themfelves make . I ‘with their Own hands-, and without the help ‘ of Servants, offer thein 'at the Altar ; as Cafes,
‘ Wax and Incenfe : But that they prefent not ‘ the Deity with Slaughter a.nd Death ; nor that ‘ they offer fb much at one time, as if they were;
‘ never to come thither again.
‘ As concerning their Converfation towards ‘ their Husbands, he commanded them to con- ‘ fider, that Fathers did yield to their Daugh- ‘ ters , that their Husbands fhould be more ‘beloved by the,m.than their Parents. • Where- ‘ fore it is' fit, that either they conttadibl their ‘ Husbands in nothing, or then think they have ‘theVidory, when they are over-ruled by them.
‘Moreover he fpared that’celebrious Apoph- ‘ thegm concerning Cbitidh, That for her who ‘ rifeth from her own Husband, it is lawful to go ‘ to the Temples the lame day but for her who ‘ rifeth fromhim that is not her Husband, never.
‘ He exhorted them likewife, throughout their ‘ whole life to fpeak well of others, and to take ‘ care that others fpeak well of thcm,and that they ‘ deftroy not that good report which is given ^ nor ‘ confute thofe Mythographers, who (feeing the ‘ Juftice of Women, in refped that they lend their ‘ Garments without witneis, when any hath need ‘ of them, and that they made no Bargains and En- ‘gagements) feigned three Women who made ‘ ufe of one Eye amongft them, bccaufe of their ‘ readinefs to communicate. Whip h_ if kp- ‘ ply’d to Men, as if when one bad received any ‘ thing , he fhould reffore prcfently, or com- ‘ municate to his Neighbour, every one would ‘ fay, there is no fuch thing, it being contrary to ‘ their Nature. . _ . .
‘ Further, he who is faid to be tire wifclt of all '‘ Perfons, who difpofed the Language of Men, ‘and indented all Names, whether he were a ‘ God, oraDa^mon, or fome divine Man, upon
confb
PTTHAG OR AS.
ART IX'
* So fupply the Text from La.- crciuSjM’/w cites fometbing to the fame purpofe out of Timicus; Kept'; is a Name of Proferpina ;
Bride, relates to the Nymphs •, Mm- T«f, foCybele mother of the Gods ; Mstta,, to Maja, mother of Mercury.
‘confideration, becaufe the female Sex is moft ^ acidiacd to Piety) made every degree of Age ^ fynonymoiis with fbme God, and called the ‘unmarried Woman, Core ; her who is given to ‘ Man, * Nympha *, her who hath Children, M.o- Uhcr \ her who hatli'lphildrens Children, in the ‘•Dorick Eialea, to which refpeft of
‘ their Devotion ) it agrees, that the Oracles at ^Doiom and Delphi^ are delivered by Wo- ‘men.
‘ Having thus commended their Devotion , ‘ he converted his Difeourfe to fpeak of Decency ‘ of Habit, that none Ihould prefume to wear any ‘fumptuousCloaths, but; offer them all at Juno% ‘ Temple (which amounted to) many millions of ‘ Garments.
‘ ffeisrepoited alfcrto have faid thus. That ‘ throughout the Country of the Crotoniates, the ‘ Virtue of a Man towards his Wife was much ‘celebrated. Uiyffes refufing Immortality at ‘ Calypfo\ hands, rather than to forfake Venelope. ‘ Let it be the part of the Wives to exprefs their ‘ virtuous Loyalty towards their Husbands, that ‘ this praife may be Reciprocal.
CHAP. XVL
for it was not fit that all Ihould partake alike, being not of a like Nature ; nor fit that fome Ihould receive all the Learning, others none, for that would have been contrary to his Com¬ munity of all, and to his Equality. He there¬ fore, of the Difeourfes which he made, comniu- nicated to every one that part which was pro¬ per for him ^ and diftributed his Learning fo as that it might benefit every one according to his Capacity j and obferving the Rules of Ju- ftice , in giving to every one that Ihare of the Dif¬ eourfe which they deferved; calling, upon this account, fome Pythagoreans (thofe of the Syflem) fome Pythagorftesi (thofe of the Homacoceion) as we call fome Atticks., fome Attieijis. Dividing them thus aptly into two Names, he appointed one part to be yvnaiuff Genuine , the other he ordered to be Imitators of them. As to the thagoreans he decreed, that all their Eftates Ihould be in common, and that they Ihould lead their whole Lives together in Community ■, but the o- thers he ordered to keep their Eftates vto them- felves, yet to meet together. Thus was this Suc- cellion of both Parties conftituted by Pythagoras.^ The Difcipline which was obferved by the more Genuine, th^^thagoreans^ welhall remit,toge- ther with his Dodtrine, $o- the end of his Life.
HisfnJiitMtion of a SeUin Private and Puhlick,
yitmi.cap. ii. forphyr.ip. 12.
Jamb, cap. 6.
Y this Difeourfe, gained no fmall
Honour and Efteem in Crotona^ and by means of that City, throughout all Ita/y.
At the firft Oration which he made in Crotona., he attraffed many Followers, infomuch that it is faid, he gained fix hundred Perfons, who were by him' not only won to the Philofophy which he. profeft, but following his Rules, became, as we call it, Cainobii-, and thefe were they who ftudied Philofophy. fThey did put their Eftates into one common Stock , and kept Silence five years, only hearing his Difeourfes, but not feeing him, until they were fully proved, and then they l)ecame of his. Family, and were ad¬ mitted, to him.] There were the fame^.v hun¬ dred Perjo ns., who, Laertius faith, came to his no- Plurnal Aerpafts., (perhaps meaning the Leflures througli a Skreen during their Probation, for he adds ) if any of them were thought worthy to feelhim, they wrote of it to their friends, as having obtain’d a great matter. This Society Laertim calls, hk Syflem^ (which CaJJiodort^s in¬ terprets, Colledge^ Agellu/s^ his Family.
Belides thefe, there were many Auditors, P t' Acoujmaticks., whereof he gained fas {a) [(t) relatesq two thoufand by one Ora¬
tion, which he made at his firft coming into Italy, who f that they might not live from home] erected a large Homacoceipn,[jNhiQhClemens AJex- andrinus interprets to be the fame as Ecclejtd, Church, with us] whereinto were admitted alfo boys and Womens and built Cities, and inha¬ bited all that part of Italy which is called Magno Grxeia, and received jfCaws and Statutes from him as divine Precepts^ ..without which they did not any thing ^ they lived together unanimoully, praifed by all, and applauded as happy by fuch as lived round about them. - ■
Thus Pythagoras diftinguimed thofe whom he admitted , according to their feveral merits •,
Strom, I.
CHAP, XVII.
Uk Authority in Qvil Affairs.
WHatfoever Cities in his Travels through It aly and Sicily, he found fubjefled to one another, (whereof fome had been fo of a long' * time, others of late) he ihfufed into them a Re- fentment of Liberty by his; Efifciples, of whom he had fome out of every City, he reftored them to Liberty. Thus he freed Crotona, SybarkfCatana^
Rhegium, Himera, Agrigentum, Tauromenium, and fome others, to whom he fent Laws by C&j- rondas the Catanaan, and Zaleucus the Locrian^ by means whereof they lafted a long time welt governed, and were defervedly envied by their Neighbours. He wholly took away Diflention, not only from among his Difciples, and their Suc- cellors for many Ages after, but allb from all the Cities of Italy and Sicily, both inteftine and exter¬ nal DilTention. For he did frequently pronounce to all manner of Perfons every where, whether ma¬ ny or few, an Apophthegm, with referables a monitory Oracle of God,which was a kind of Epi¬ tome or Recapitulation of all that he taught. The Apophthegm was thus. That we ought to avoid with our ut mo ft endeavour, and to amputate with Eire and Sword, and all other means from the Bo¬ dy, Sicknefs ', from the Soul, Ignorance j from the Belly, Luxury-, from a City, Sedition-, from aPamily, D'lfcord-, from all Things, Excefs:
By which he did indulgently put every one in mind of his belt DoHrines.
Yet is he reported to have been the occalion of the War between the Sybarites and the .Crotpffi'- ans, which ended in the total Subverfion'pf the Sybarites ; the manner is thus related by Diodo¬ rus, Siculus and Jamblichus. ' . p;
* When the Grecians hni\% Sybark in ftdlyy it ~ Died, lib, is^ foon came to ^afs, that through the goodn^s of the Soil, Ctho f Athaneus deny it to, be Fertile] + Deip,
J the