Part 130

StTAb.
‘This is mahifeit fro5n the contrary ^ for the ‘ Barbarians and the Grecians contending about ’’Trej', both parties, for the intemperance of one' ‘ Man^ fell into extraordinary Calamities ; thofe ‘ in the War 3 thefe in . their Voyage home. ‘And God appointed ten years, and a thoufand ‘ years, only tor the puniflimentof this Injuftice, ‘ foretelling by Oracle the taking of Trcy^ and ‘ the fending of the Virgins by the Locrians^ to ‘ the Temple of Minerva the llian.^
‘ He like wife exhorted the young Men to ‘ love learning, telling them , how abfurd it ‘were to judge Learning to be the molt advan- ‘tageoUs of all things, and to wilb for it ‘ above all things, yet to beftow no time or ‘ pains in that Exercife : Efpei:ially, feeing the ‘ care of our Bodies is like evil Friends, which ‘ibon forfake us;, but that of Inftitution, like ‘ the good, which ftay with a Man till Death 3 ‘procufing to fomc immortal Glory after ‘ Death.
‘ He framed many other things, partly out ‘of Hiftory, partly out of Dotfrines , fliew- ‘ing, that Learning was a common Nobility ‘of thofe, who were firit in every kind, for ‘ their Inventions were the Inftitutions of the ‘reft. Thus is this naturally advantageous, ‘ that of other commendable things , fome it ‘is not poflible to communicate to another, ‘as Strength, Beauty, Health, Courage •, fome,
‘ whofoever imparts them to another, cannot ‘have them himfelf, as Riches, Government,
‘ and the like : But for tliis, you may receive ‘ it of another, and yet the giver have nothing ‘ the lefs of it. Moreover fome, a Man pnnot ‘ gain if he would , he may receive Inftitution ‘ if he will :• Then he may. apply himfelf to the ‘ Affairs of his Country , not upon Sslf-confi- ‘ dence, but Inftitution 3 for by Education, Men ‘ differ from Beafts, Greeks from Barbarians.^
‘ Freemen Rom Slaves, Philofophers from the ‘ Vulgar. Who have in general this advantage,
‘ that as of thofe who run fwifter than others,
‘ there had been feven out of this their own City,
‘ at one Celebration of the Olympick Games ;
‘ but offuch as did excel in Wifdom, there had ‘ been found but feven in the whole World, and ‘ in the following times in which he lived, there ‘ was but one who did excel all others in Philo- ‘ fophy : For he -called himfelf by that Name,
^ (Fhilofopher) inftead of Sophos, a wife Man.
CHAP. XIII.
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His Oration to the Senators.
7jmb rj npHus hedifeourfed to the young Men in the j • P-p. School ; but they relating to their Fathers what he had faid , the Thoufand-men fum- moned 'Pythagoras to the Court, and commend¬ ing him for the advice he. had given to their Sons, they commanded him, that if he had any thing which might benefit the People o^Crotona^ he fhould declare it to the Magiftrates of the Commonwealth.
Lib,8. cap. 1 8. The Crotonians ( faith Valerias MaxintA(s) did earneftly entreat him, that he would permit their Seriate, which confifted of a thoufand Per- ibns, to ufe his advice.
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‘ Hereupon he firft advifed them to build a ‘Temple to the Mufes, that they might pre- ‘ feryc their prefent Concord 3 for thefe God- ‘ defies * have all the fame Appellation, j| and * M^treu q. |- ‘ have a reciprocal communication and delight,
‘chiefly in honours common to them all; and ‘ the Chors/s of the Mufes is always one and the ||
‘fame. Moreover, Concord, Harmony, Rytlim , a^mneivmia'i all thofe things w'hich procure unanimity, are dt Iti- ‘comprehended. etM»-
c fhewed them, that their power fi"cognatSne'
did not only extend to the excellent, but to the quadam, &c.
‘ concord and harmony of Beings.
‘ Further he faid. They ought to conceive,
‘ they received their Countrey as a depofitum from ‘ their People : Wherefore they ought fo to ma- ‘ nage it, as being hereafter to refign up their ‘ truft with a juft account to their own Chil- ‘ dren. That this will certainly be,- if they be ‘ equal to all their Citizens , and excel other ‘ men ill nothing more than in Juftice 3 knowing,- ‘ that every place requireth Juftice. He Ihow’d ‘ it out of the Mythology, that hath the
‘ fame place with Jupiter yas Dice with Pluto.^ and ‘ Law among Cities 3 fo that he who did any?
‘ thing unjuftly in things under his charge, feem- ‘ ed to abufe the whole world, {both above^ be~ low.^ and on Earth. 3.
‘ That it is convenient in Courts of Judicature,
‘ that * none atteft the Gods by Oath, but ufe to * Tothefartc ‘ fpeak fuch things, as that he may be believed ‘ without Oath.
‘ Moreover, That every one fliould fo govern ‘ his Family, as that they Iliould referr themfelves ‘ to their own houfe,as to a Court of Judicature,
‘ and that they fliould be naturally affe&ionate to ‘ fuch as are defeended of them, as having only ‘ of all creatures received'the fenfe of thisaffbai- v
‘ on 3 and that they fliould converfe with the Wo- ‘ man that is partner of their life : For, as fome ‘ Men making Contrads with others, write them ‘in Tables and Pillars 3 thofe with Wives, are in ‘ the Children. And that they fhould endeavour ‘ to be belov’d of thofe which come from them,
‘ not by Nature, of which they are not the caulb,
‘ but by Eleftion 3 for thatkindnefs is voluntary,
‘ That they fliould likewife take care, that they ‘ know no Women but their Wives, and that the ‘ Wives do not adulterate the Race, through the ‘ carelefnefs and' wickednefs of their Husbands.
‘ Further, they muft confider, they take the ‘ Wife from the Altar with Libations, as a Vota- ‘ refs, in the fight of the gods, and fo to go in ‘unto her, and that flie become, in order and ‘temperance, a pattern to thofe that live in the ‘ houfe with , her, and to the Women of the City*
‘ And that they fhould fee carefully that none ‘ tranfgrefs, left, not fearing the punifliments of ‘ Law, fuch as do unjuftly lye hid 3 but having a ‘ refpeO: to honefty in their carriage, they may be ‘ incited to juftice.
‘ Further,''he commanded, That in all their a^- ‘ ons they fliould avoid Idlenefs 3 for there is no ‘ other goodjthan the opportunity in every a£tion.
‘ He affertedjthatitis the greatelt oflhjuftices,
‘ to feparate children and parents from each other.
‘ That he is to be thought the greateft Peribn,
‘ who can of himfelf forefee what is advanta- ‘ geous : The next to whom is he, who by thofe ‘things which happen to other Men,, obferves
what
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? TT H A G 0 R A S.