Part Via

let to others. The apparition of a Star, cwitbaj), is its riling together with the Sun \ and the fetting tliercof, is its fetting with the Sun ; For fetting is taken two ways, in oppofition to riling, and in oppofition to apparition. As the apparition cf the Dog-llar is its rifing together with the Sun, and its fetting is its occulation under the Earth together with the Sun, the fame is faid of the Pleiades.
CHAP. IX.
Of the Sun.
Cn J cic. ’XJExt Venus (the lowelt Planet^ is the
dear. 2. J_N1 Sun^ the (Jb ) chief of all that confill
fbj of setherial fire. The Sun is defined by Clean-
thes and Chryfippus^ an intellectual Taper, ga¬ ther’d and kindled fronv the vapours of the Sea. CO A (c) Voffidonius defineththe Sun a molt pure fire, greater than the Earth, of a Sphtrrical figure (as (
the World.
C ej Laert. (^_) That the Sun is fiery, is manifelt in that it
CfJ c/c. operations of (f) fire ^ and foral-
much as he is fire, it followeth that lie mult be noiirilhed. (g) The Sun is nourilhed by exha- * ■ lations from the great Ocean.
(h) Stop. According to the expanfion of this fubje-
Clcd aliment, faith Cleanthes^ in his motion from Tropick to Tropick, removeth in a fpiral line, from the ^^Iquinoftial towards the North, and (/) 5'rt5.p.57. towards the South. (?) faith, he hath two motions, one with the World from Eaji to Weji^ the other contrary, through the Signs.
(k) That the Sun is greater than the Earth,ap- peareth in that it enlightneth, not only all the Earth, but Heaven alfo. Again, the lhadow of the Earth being' conical, argues the Sun to be greater than the Earth. Again, it is vilible every¬ where by reafon of its magnitude.
(/) The Sun is Eclipfed by interpofition of the Moon betwixt us and that part of the Sun which is toward us, (as Zeno in his Book of the Llniverfc.j For meeting the Sun^ and coming under him, Ihefeemethto darken his light, and afterwards to difclofe it again, as will appear in a Bafon of water.
ter than the Earth, as well as the Sun is, and Sphasrical as the Sun^ yet appeareth in various fi¬ gures, the Full Moon, Firll Quarter, New Moon. Lall: Quarter.
(/?) Chryjipp^ faith, Ihe is a fire colleCted af- (h) Stab.p,jy; ter the Sun^ from the exhalation of frefh Wa¬
ters, for which caufe Ihe is likewife nourilhed by
{•>
them
CO Laert.
CO Laert.
CHAP. X.
Of the Moon.
(a) stoh. Fh)P (a) JN the lowell part of the astl^r is the Moon :
P-59'
The Moon ( according to Zeno) is an intel- . le£i;ual,wife, igneous Star, confilting of artificial fire. Cleanthes faith, llie is of a fiery fubltance,and of a dirty figure. (bJLipfus for dirty,
‘OS' fubftitutes 't/Aos/cTm, as if of the fame figure, as a Hat or Cap. But perhaps there needs no alte- fej Laert, ration, for they (c) affirmed, as Ihe is nearer to , , , , the Earth than the Sun., fo is Ihe of a more ter-
Nature, (d) ■ Tojftdonius and molb of the 25. -p. 59* stoicks affirm, Ihe is mixt of fire and air, (e) by
as {i) ToJJtdonius alCosSTevteth. Cii Laert
{k) Her motion is fpiral ^ (/) Zeno faith, Ihe fkj Laert. hath two motions, as the one with the World (0 p. 57; from Ea(i to Wefi^ the other contrary thtough the Signs, (m) The period of her courfe is cal- (m) Stob.p.$a. led a Month j is likewife that part of the Moon which appeareth to u% for one half of her . .. .v.
is always turned towards us. Laert. •-
The Moon is Eclipfed when Ihe falleth into ’ the lhadow of the Earth. For although every •
Month Ihe is oppolite to the Sun, yet Ihe is then only eclipfed when Ihe is fullelt, by reafon of the obliquity of her courfe, whereby her lati¬ tude is varied towards the North and South.
'^.Vhen therefore Ihe happens to be near the E- dipdek, and oppolite to the Sun, Ihe is Eclip¬ fed • which happens(as FoJJidonius faith)in L/^ra and Scorptoyef tius ; but FoJJidonius feems to have been igno¬ rant of, or not to have conlidered the motion of the Nodes of the Moon (commonly called Gz- put iff Cauda Draconis) whereby tlie reftitution or period of Eclipfes is made in nineteen years,
('RaTw 7D bMa-xfJis-t^v) whicli was the ground of Melon s Feriod.^ and of the Cycle of the Moon^ in the fulian Calender.
■v:- ■
CHAP. XI.
Of Mr.
{a) "l^rExt the fphere of the Moon (faith Chry- faj Stab, i-NI Jippus ) is the Element of Air., inter-
pofed betwixt the Sea and Heaven ( {b) fpherical Cf> J n
i n figure) (c) confea'ated by the name of ( Siller and Wife of Jupiter., who is the ffitherj (dj ck. * betwixt thefe there is a near conjunHiion.
(e) The Airis divided into three Regions, the CO highcR, the middle, and the loweft. The high- ell Region is the hotteft, and driell, and rarell, by reafon of the vicinity of the eternal fires. . The lowell and neareR to the Earth is thick and ca- liginous •, becaufe it receiveth terrene exhalati¬ ons. The middle Region is more temperate than the higher and lower, as to ficcity and rarity.
but colder than both. This, wherein the clouds
=5 2, ^0.
Ce'j Fl. plac. reafon of which diverlicy of fnbllance flie is not Fhil. fubjeft to corruption. (/) To this mixtion of air her compofition, they impute likewife thofe JJ fpots which are feen m her face, (g) She is grea-
and winds are generated, is, according to P^- donius, forty furlongs aboye the Earth. Next to it is the pure and liquid air of untroubled light.
From the turbulent part to the Moon is twenty hundred thoufand furlongs.
(/) To the . Air is attributed the primitive r^: cold.
(gj As concerning things in the Air, Winter is the rigor of the. Air, next above the Earthy oc-' cafion’d by the remotenefs of the Sun, and is the coldell of the Seafons of the year. Spring is the feafon fucceeding Winter^ preceding Summer.^ is a good temperattre of the Air, oceafion’d by approach of the Sun. Summer is that feafon of the year, when the Air above the Earth is warmed, by the Sun’s accefs towards the North.
Autumn
vtii.
■Z E'U &.
531
fhj Lmt,
0 J Plut.plac, Fhil.'i.y.
(i^) Lae\-U ^/) Laaet.
Autumn thatfearqn of the year which followcth Summer, and prccedeth Winter, is made by the return of the Sun from us.
(h) Winter cometh, when the air is predomi¬ nant in thicknefs and is forced upward •. Sum- met, 'When the nre is' jpfedoiliinanf^ and driven downward.
(i) Wind is a ftuxion of the air, having feve- ral names, from the variety of placei j as for ex¬ ample : That which bloweth.from the darknefs of the night, and Stm-fetting, is called Zepbyrm: frorn the Eafl: and Sun-rifing,ii/J^/f(J^^j;. from the North, Boreas *, from the South, Lybi. (^) It is occafion’d by the Sun s extenuation of the va¬ pours.',; •
f/j The Rain-bow h a refleftion of the Sun’s beams from a humid ‘Cldud ; Or, ad RoJJidonim^ an apparition of part of the Sun or Moon in a Cloud, dewy, concave, and continuous to the phkntalie, as in a Looking-glafs, the reprefen- tation of a Circle.
{m ) Comets are fires fubfifting of thick air, carried up to the attherial place.
(n) s.ihai is an acccnfion of fudden fire, fwift- ly carried through the air, appearing length- wkys. ,
( b)- Rain is a converlion of clouds into water, when either from the Earth, or from the Sea, by the povVerofthe Sun, the humour is drawn up¬ wards ineffeflually.
) (p) Yroji is con'gealed rain.
(q) Hail is a concrete cloud, difperfed by the wind.
(r) Snow is humidity, from a concrete cloud, according to RoJJidoniilts.
{s) Lightning is anaccenfionof clouds, which are driven by the winds upon on another; and broken, according to Zetio.
( t) Thunder is a noife occafion’d by the colli- fion of clouds.
(u) is a ftrong inflammation rufli- ing upon the Earth with great violence, when the clouds by impulfion of the winds are broken a- '‘gainft one another. Some define it a converfion of fiery inflamed air, violently rufhing down.
(x) Typho is a violent Thunder, thriifl: down with a great force of wind, or a fmoking wind, which ruftieth down upon tl\e breaking of the cloud.
Rrejier is a cloud inclofed with fire by wind in the concavity of the Earth : There are many kinds, Earthquakes^ Chafma\ and the like.
CHAP. XIL • .
Of Water and Earths
ia) Stai. TPHat part of the World (faith ( a) Chryfippus) 'X; , which is the molt f^d fupport of Nature, as' bones are in a living Creature, is called the Earth : About this the Water is evenly diffufed. The Earth hath fome uneven parts arifing out of t|ie Water, called Illands, or, if of large ex- V'v ■ from the ignorance of man,
who knows not, that even thofe are Illands, in fefpeft'of the great Ocean.
Cbj Plut.plac. '/The Earth is in the midft, being ih the nature Fl)il.^9.Laert..ofsiCfitttti’ (b) onc and finite, (c) fphericalin phV'^^' figure. The Water is likewifefpherical, having ^ the fame Center with the Earth.
(w) Laert. pi JOLaert.
(0) Ijaerti
(f) LaM>
(q) Laat.
(r) Lmt.
(s) Laert.
(t) Lmt.Plut, plac. Phil. 3.
9. Stab.p. 6$. Laert.'
.1*
(x) Laert,
, TheTartb hath five one Northern, be¬ yond the Artick Circle, uninhabitable through extremity of Cold- another Temperate.; a third not habitable by’, reafon of extream Heat , whence, it i.s called Totrid ; a fdurth Tertipe- rate; a fifth Southerrt,' not habitable by reafon of Cold/ * 'Rax. TojJidonim conceiveth the Cli*^ clnmU. mate under th/ Equiriodial to be Temperate for, faitfi^ he, uneler the Tropicks where the Sun dwells longeft,/ the places are habitable, and I why not then under the /Equator ? Again, the Night being eqhal to the Day, affdrdeth leifure enougfrfor refrigeration, which is aififted like- wife by Ihowcrs and winds.
* The generation of the world began from the’C^)
Earth, as from the Center; for the Center is the beginning of a fphere.
(d) Plants have not any foul at all, butfpring (y) Plut.plact up of themfelves, as it were by chance. ■I'hU, 5. $6.
• — - -m- jr; ■' ' ; — - - - - -
CHAP. XIII.
Of Mijiion and Temperament. '
-Hryjippma&rttth a (aj Spirit moving it felfC'*) Stob.Phjif, to itfelf, and fromit felf, or a fpirit rtio--*°‘ ving if felf backwards'a'nd forwards. He calletir it fpirit, as being moved air, anfwering in fpme proportion to the iEthef, fo that it both meets- ih one-, and this motion is only according to thofe who think, . that all nature recdveth muta¬ tion, folntion, compofition, and the like.
Compofitionynixiion^temperament and eonfufion are different. Compofition is a contraft of bo^ dies, whofe fuperficies are contiguous to one another, as in heaps of grain or fand. Mixtion if of two or more bodies, whofe qualities are dif¬ fufed through the whole, as we fee in fire, and red hot iron, and in oiir own fouls*, for every¬ where there is a diffufion through entire bodies, fo as one body doth pafs through another. Tem¬ perament is of two or more humid bodies,whofe qualities are diffufed through the whole. Mixtion is alfo common to dry bodies,as to fire and iron, to the foul and the body, temperament bnly to the humid. For qualities appear from the tem¬ perament of feverai humid things, as of Wine,
Honey, Water, Vinegar, and the !ike-;^that iri' fuch temperament, the qualities of the things tempered remain, is evident front tfik, that Of¬ tentimes they are by fomd art feparated from one another. For if we put a fpunge dipped oyl into winemixt with water, the watef, fepa^ rating it felf from the wine, will gather' toThe , . fpungCi Laftly, tonfufion is thc 'trUhfniutatipri of two or more equalities into aHotKe'r of a dif¬ ferent nature, as in tPmpofition of-U^iguents and Medicines. ■ ' • .
*■>
C H A F^ XIV; '
. • 'f- DP':
.i.w w
of Generation and Corruption,
J'V
(a)X^Offidonius allerteth four fpecies of Genera- '^a)Sitb.Phyf X tion and Corruption,of things thatar©,in- ' jeo things that are ; (for that of things that are |not, and of things that are not to be rejea;ed,con- ceiving there is none fuch.) Of tranfmutations
Uu 2 into
I.
m