Part VIII.

ZENO.
dSimplic in C4teg.
Ibid.
Ibid,
Ibid.
ibid.
what. Of there are four kinds, f^s7e«.7*> that is, hvotifMoJa,, when they refide in the mind 5 TivxjA, that is, when they fall from the
mind into .the voice ^ KAjiyo^nixAlA, when by the motion of the mind, they are predicated of a- ny thing-, (ry,a/3s/3n)t47a, or, they
happen to Ihbjefls.
d Habits are only things united - but thofe which areconjoyned by contiguity, as a Ship, or by dhlance, as an Army ^ in thele there can be no habit nor one thing Spiritual above all, nor one reafon, whereby they may come to fub- fift within one habit.
It is common to quality of corporeal things to be the difference of their fubftance, not taken fe- verally, but contraHed into one notion and pro¬ perty of the mind, nor by time or flrength redu¬ ced to form, but by its own tality, according to tvhich, the generation of the qualitative fublifts.
Power (a Species of quality) is that which hath and giveth the faculty oi:' exercifing many accidents^ as Prudence giveth the faculty of walk¬ ing prudently, and difcourfing prudently : or ac¬ cording to fome, Power is that which the facul¬ ty of^xercifing many Accidents, and which Ru- leth and Governeth the AHs liibjefted unto it. What Arijictk called natural Powers they name Aptitude.
Habits are intended and remitted : Difpoliti- ons cannot be intended or remitted. Thus the flraitnefs of a W'and, altho it may eafily be difcompofed and bent, is 0. Difpofirion ; for ftraitnefs cannot be intended or remitted. Like- wife the Virtues are Difpofitions, not in refpeH of their firmnefs and conftancy, but beeaufe they cannot admit of degrees of more and lefs;
Arts muff either have firmnels, or not be Dilpofitions* Thus Habitude is taken in the La¬ titude ot the^ Species, Difpojition is the chief perfeffion of the Species, and in that which is the mofi it can be, whether it be eafily alter’d (as the firaitnefs of a W^and) or not.
509
CHAP. XVI.
Of ^odammedotativcs.
TH E third kind of things are 7*
^iodammodatives. a They differ from Qualitatives, beeaufe matter is otherwife eiOFecl- edby habits, otherwife by ^odammodotatives. in this or that manner. Moreover, Qualitatives are ^odammodotatives as to matter, and conver- fant therein ^ but properly, ^odanwiodotatives h shttplic, in are converfant in Qpalitatives. b Again, as ha- bituals may be laid to extend farther than habits, fo ^odammodotatives -ZYQ larger than Qualita¬ tives j for ^wdammodotatives extend even to ^ thofe things which are ^codantmodotatives as to ' ^5^*^ include them j but Qualitatives con-
t Smphe. ibid, c This place Boethius conceives to have the power of habit. Habit chiefly anduniverfally is taken three ways: Firff, to be to it felf and ac-
S^ondly, in refpeff to ano- ther: Thirdly, of another to it. That which is confidered as to tt felf ^uodanwiodo-
tatives armed, for it is a habit of ones felf to ones ftlf^ That which is to another, pertains to Relation; 'for a Father, or a right H^d, are laid, according to a Habit, not of themfelves to
themfelves, but of them to another. But that which is of another to us, as of an Armed Man, being the Habit of another to us, pertains to Habit.
To this head they reduce ^uamiiathes and and their Species, Plaxte, Time, ami lome Species (according to Arijhtle) of quali¬ ty, hgure and torm 5 as alfb Albion, Pafion, Bite - Habit. - ? ’
CHAP. XVII.
Of Sbitodammodotatives as to other
s.
THe laft genus of Th ings is rt
^odammodotatives as to others, a (j^aSimplk. ^efe theie are two kinds, Relatives and ttatep dammodotative-Pelatives. The Relatives are op - pofed and diftinguifhed from thofe which are bv themfelves, and abfolute. The ^lodammodotl t we Relatives are oppefed to thofe which have a difference^ as for Example, fvvcetandSowr and whatfoever is of the 1 ike kind, are Relatives- but ^wdammodotative Relatives, are as the ri«hc I fide, Pather, and the like ^ for they have a difle- rence, in that they are charaaeriz’d by differen¬ ces, according to fbme Species. As therefore * ^here is one notion of thofe which are ffy them- felves, and abfolute, and another of thofe which are cqnfider d with difference : So feme things are Relatives, others ^lodammodotative Relatives The confequence of ConjunHions in thefe is con¬ trary foi, wuth thofe which are by themfelves co-exift thofe which have a difterence 5 for’ thofe which are by themfelves, have fbme diffe¬ rences, as vvhite and black. But thofe, which are by themfelves, co-exift not with thofe which have a difference. Sweet and Bitter have diffe¬ rences, whereby they are charaaerized • yet they are not abfolute, but Relatives. But.j thofe which aiQ^iodammodotative-Relatives being con¬ trary to thofe which have differences’ are like- Relatives. For, the right fide, and a Pather belides that they axQ^odanmodotative, are like- vt'AQ-Relatwes : But fweet and Bitter ’being Re¬ latives, have a difference, whereby they are con¬ trary, being ^codammodotative-Relatives. Thofe xAiiXch axQ^odammodotative-Relatives, it is im- poflible ffould be by themfelves, and abfolute or by difference-, for they depend folely upon Relative-habit. therefore are not by
themfelves, for they are not abfolute ( vet are they according to difference, beeaufe they arc diftinguifhed by fome Charaaer.To expreis this more clearly. Relatives are thofe, wLich by their ‘ proper CharaHer refpebt another : ^uodammodo- tative-Relfitives are thofe which ufe to happen to another, but not without mutation and altera¬ tion of thofe things which are about them ^ yet, with refpebf of fornething external. If therefore any thing with difference relpebf another, it is only Relative, as Habit, Science, and Senfe .- but if it refpeff another, not out of inhereiit diffe¬ rence, but in pure habit, it is ^lodammodotative Relative. For, a Pather, and right fide, to their confiftence, require fome external things, for as much as there being no Mutation made in them, he is no longer a Pather, his Son being dead, and’ the right fide is no longer, fb, after he is rifen in refjpeHof whom it was laid to be fuch ^ but
fweet
5 lo
ZENO.
A R. T-
111.
a Lacrt. lit. jAyijlonis. b Simplic. in Categ.
fweet and bitter will not alter, unlefs their power be likewife changed. If therefore dummodotatives are changed in habit to another, although they receive no Paflion in themfelves, it ismanifeft they have their being in the habit alone, not in difference. ^
a This Genus was firff introduced by Arifio.^ b who firft defined ^iodammodotative-Relatives to be thofe, vohofe being is the fame with their duodammodotative being to one another : And fo alfo Androniciis defines them.
CHAP. XVIII.
Of Dicibles.
a Laert.
b Sext, E- pir. Adv. log.
c Ammon, in proem. Ar.ft. 'I'et iff/.. d BurJ. in.
Vial. Cic. $
e Laert.
f Ammon, in
ki*
lib, nofei
TO the place concerning things andfignificats, belongeth that concerning Dicibles.^'r^
'Juvy to which true and falle is common, a Bid- ble is that which confiileth according to rational phantafie. b Rational Rhantafie is that, by . which what is comprehended by Phantafie, may ' be expielfed by Speech. Every thing that may be laid, ought to be faid, for from thence is de¬ rived the Denomination c Dicible is a mean betwixt Notion and Thing. Dicibles are Notions, that is, but not i
meerly and fimply Notions, d which in as ; much as they are the principles of Science, and | ■ * are Intelligences, are called and hmeu, !
but in as much as they refide in the mind, are called irro/iptalcc, and are Genus’s and Species, in which manner, being ready for expreflion, they are called Dicibles,, and pertain to .the Enuncia- tive faculty of the Soul, For whatfbever is faid, i if it be fo confidered as it is faid of fomething, they are 5 if fo, as it breaketh forth
into Voice, and with Voice, they are Words ' if retained in the Mind, ready to break forth, they are Dicibles. Dicible therefore is a Word, and yet fignifies not a Word, but that which is underftood in the Word, and is contained in the.] Mind. I
e Of Dicibles there are two kinds, the Defe- [iive and the Rerjebl. The Dejellive are thofe which have an imperfect Enunciation, not corn- pleating the Sentence, but requiring fomething to follow ^ . as writeth^ for we ask, who ? To this kind belong which are pratdica-
ted of other things.
The Rcrfeli are fuch as have a perfefl: Enun¬ ciation ; Of thefe are two kinds : The firft pecu¬ liarly called Rerfebi,, which tho’ they compleat the Sentence, yet fignifie neither true nor falfe. Of thefe there are many kinds, as Interrogation,^ Rercontation^ Imperative.^ Adjurative,, Optative,^ Imprccative,, ox Execrative,,Si(bJiitutive,, Hypothe¬ tical, Compellative, like to, oxTranfeendingMn Axiom, and Diibitative.
Interrogation is that which is a perfefl Sen¬ tence, but requireth an anfwer, as. Is it day ? for this is neither true nor falfe -, fo that it is day, is an Axiom, Is it day ? an Interrogation.
Rercontation is a thing for which we cannot anfwer fignificantly, as Interrogation, yes but as thus. He dwelleth in fuch a place.
Imperative is a thing, in fpeaking whereof, we command -, as.
Go thou to the Inachian flood, f Adjurative, as Witnefs thou Earth Optative, which we fpeak wilhing, as, Great Jove who doji in Ida Reign,
The Vthory let Ajax gain. '
Imprec alive, or Execrative, as.
As on the Ground this Wine I pour.
So may the Earth his Blood devour.
Subjiitutive, Or Expofitive, as, Let this be d right Line.
Hypothetical, as, fuppcfing the Earth to be the Center of the Globe of the Sun.
Compe native, is a thing in Ipeaking, which we call another, as,
Atrides, Agamemnon, King of Alert.
Like to, or Tranfcending an Axiom, is tliac which hath an axiomatical manner of fpeaking-, but becaule it fuperabounds In fome Particle or Affeflion, it is not ranked amongft Axioms, as,
How Beauteous is thy, Virgin Train !
How like to Priam’x' Son, that Swain !
Dubitative is a thing different from au Axiom, which whofoever fpeaks,. maketh a doubt, as.
Then are not Life and Grief of Kin? k\\ thefe are neither true nor falfe.
The other kind of perfeG: Dicibles which compleat the Sentence, affirmeth or denieth, and is either true or falfe. It is called Axiom,
CHAP. XIX. Oj Categorems.
^^^tegorem is that which is prsedicated of
another, or a thing conftrued with one or more, or as {Apollodorus) a defeQive Dicible, conftrued with the right cafe, to make an Axiom.
^ Whatfoer is prardicated of another, isprsc- dicated of the name of the Cafe ; and both thefe are either perfebf, as that which is prstdicated, and together with the fubjeft fufficient to make an Axiom. Or they are defeHive, and require fome Addition to make thereof a perfetE Prardi-- cate.
If that which is prardicated of a Name, make an Axiom, it is a Categorem, or avtx^ctfxcc, a Con- gruity ,as walketh, for Example, Socrates walketh.
But if it be prardicated of the Cafe (whereby Tranfitions are made from one Perfbn to another, wherein it is neceffary that fome oblique Cafe be likewife pronounced with the right) they are cal¬ led '^^evixSctixetla, as an addition to the o-vy-^aixa, for as c Rrifcian renders it, lefs than Congrui- ties) as Cicero faved his Countty.
Again, if that which is pr2dicate(J of Ibme Noun, require a Cafe of fome other Noun to be added to make pp the Axiom, fo as the Conftru- £lion be made of two oblique Cafes, they are da-vixfietixctla., incongruitics, or according to Ammo-
a Laert.
b Ammon. Arift, akjt
in
Ijp.
c Lib. 9.
nius, lefs than, e-iiixjiaputja,, as, it pieajes me to
come to thee ', whether the Nouns only, or the Words require it.
d Again, of Categorems there are four kinds. Right, Supine, Neuter, and reciprocally AGive, and RafPtve. Right are thofe which have a moti¬ on tending to another, and are conftrued with one of the oblique Cafes, for the making of a Categorem, as Heareth, Seeth, Difeourfeth.
Supine are thofe which are confidered from Habit to an Agent, and is conftrued with a paf five particle, as, I am heard, I am leen.
Neuter, as thofe which are neither way, as, to be wife, to walk.
Reciprocally, AQive and Raffive are thofe, which feem Supines, but are nor, for they are
aEls
d Laert,
1