Part VI.

HISTORYof PHILOSOPHY.
i
CHAP. L Hh LIFE.
The Cymcks are derived from 'Antiflhenes^ Difciple of Socretes, who, being moft plea- fed with thofe difcourfes of his Mailer, which
treated of Tolerance and Laborioulhels, infti- tuted this Se£l. a He was born at Athens^ his * Father an Athenian named Antifthenes zllo, his
Mother
b Laert. lit. Soa-.
c Laert. Mlian,
d Laert.
Mother a Flutarch.^ 2.^hrygtan.^
in whole defence, to thole who reproached him that fhe was a Foreigner, he anlwered, Qbcle the Mother of the Gods wes He like*
wife derided the Athett'ians for boahing ot their being Natives, faying, they were no&feing more Noble than Snails and Locufts. b Neither did Socrates the lels efteemhim but on the contra¬ ry, hearing that he had behaved himleli valiant¬ ly at the Fight^at Tanagn^ he laid of him, J kfievo two Barents both Athenians could not beget fo excellent a perfon. He firft heard Gorgtas the Orator, whence his Dialogued are written in a Rhetorical Stile, conlilfing chiefly in Verity and Exhortation, hermippus faith, ^ at the JJimian meeting, he uled to make Orations in praife and difpraife of the Athenians., Thebans., and Lacedemonians., before all theAffembly. But feeing many of the Citizens come thither, he refrained.
Next he applied himfelf to Socrates, and pro fited fo much under him, that he counlelled his Scholars to become his fellow Dilciples under that Mailer. He lived in the Liratum, and went every day 40 Stadia, to hear Socrates.
Fie afteOied even whillt he was Dilciple to Socrates, to go in poor habit, and c once having turned the torn part of his Garment outermoft, Socrates fpying it, faid, I fee vainglory through a hole or, as Mlian, do you ule this Ollentaci- on before us alfo>
d Upon the death of Socrates he was the oc- calion of Banilliment to Any t us, and of Death to Me lit US', fox Me lit us meeting with fome young Men of Font us, invited to Athens by the Fame ot Socrates,\[e brought them to Anytus,XQ\Ym^ them hewas wifer than Socrates-, whereupon the Hand¬ ers by in Indignation, turn’d ’em both out of the City j of which already in the Life of Socrates.
to Felicity, not needing any thing but a Socratick Courage. That Virtue confjieth in ASlions, not requiring many Words nor much Learning, and is felffufficient to Wifdom : for all other things have a reference thereto. That Infamy is good and equal to Labour, and that a wifd man ought not to Govern the Common wealth according to the Laws in Force, but according to Virtue -, That a tmfe Aian,tohave Ijfue,may make choice of beautiful wo¬ men, and Love, for a wife man only knoweth what ought to be loved.
Diodes addeth thele ^ That nothing is new to a wife man *, That a good man dejerveth Love,
That Virtuous Ferfons are Friends-, ThdXwe
a Laert.
b Suid,
e Laert.
d Laert.
C H A P. II.
His Infiitution of a SeS.
S Derates being Dead, of whom he learned Tolerance and Apathy, he made choice of Cynofarges, a Gymnalium at Athens juft without the Gates, as of the fitteft place in which he might Dilcourfe of Philofophy. b It was lb called upon this occalion. Didymus the Atheni¬ an Sacrificing in his ownHoufe,a white Dog that was by, lhatcht the Viflim, and running away with it, laid it down in another place •, Dydi- mus much troubled thereat, confulted the Ora. cle, which enjoyned him to ereU a Temple in that place where the Dog had laid down the Vic¬ tim, and to dedicate it unto Hercules, which was called Cynofarges, 0 >tivoi fyiiVAofy The Temple of the white Dog. c Hence Antiflhenes and his Followers were called Cy nicks, md by thole that difapproved their Infiitution, Dogs-, Antifthenes himfelf being termed the fncere Dog.
He firll doubled his old fordid Cloak, and wore it alone [ without a Coat ] as Diodes af- firmeth j he carried likewife a StalF and Satchel. Neanthes faith he firft ufed a lingle Cloak. Soft- crates in the third of his Succefjions, faith, Diodo¬ rus the Afpendian wore a long Beard, and carri’d a Staff and Wallet.
d His Affertions are thefe, That Virtue may be acquir'd by teaching -, and thofe Ferfons Noble, who are Virtuous. That Virtue ms Self-fuffcient
ought to get affiflance in War, Valiant and fuJI - That Virtue is an Armour that never can be taken from us -, That it is better with fome few good men to oppofe all the wicked,than with many wick¬ ed. men to contend with few good. Obferve your Enemies, for they firft find out your Faults -, ejleem a juft man more than a neighbour-. The fame Vir¬ tue belongeth to man and to woman-, Thofe things are good which are honeft, ill which are difhonefi all things efteem Jirange-, Wifdom is the fafefi Fortification, for it will neither fall away, nor can be betray’d -, In thefe inexpugnable things we ought to build Forts, by Meditation.
c Agellius faith. He efteemed Fleafure the ^ o. great eji 111, whence he ufed to lay, I had rather he Mad^than be addiUed to Fleafure.
f As to the Opinion of the Cy nicks in general/"
(not efteeming them, faith Laertius, a meer Form and Infiitution of Life, but a true Sell of Philofophy) they were thefe.
They took away, with Arijio the Chian, Dia- leUickmdFhyfick, and only admitted Ethick-, whence what fome laid of Socrates, Diodes ap¬ plied xo Diogenes, affirming he ufed the lame Expreffions. That we ought to enquire.
What Good and III Our Houfes fill.
They likewife rejeUed the Liberal Sciences whence Antiflhenes faid, thole who have acqui¬ red Temperance, ought not to Itudy any Learn¬ ing, left by other things they be diverted. Geome¬ try likewife, Alufick, and the like, they wholly took away. Diogenes, to one that (hew¬
ed him a Watch, It is an excellent Invention, faith he, againfl Supping too late. And to one that entertain’d him with Mufick,
Wifdom the greatefi Cities doth FroteS-,
But Mufick cannop one poor Houfe dired.
They likewife, as the Stoicks, affirmed to be happy to live according to Virtue, 2& Antifthenes in his Hercules -, for there is a kind of affinity betwixt thefe two Se£ls, whence the Stoicks zf- ferted Cynifm to be the neareft way to Virtue, and fo lived Zeno the Cittiean.
Their Diet was llender, their Food only fuch as might fetisfie Nature, their Cloaks fordid -, they defpifed Riches,Glory, and Nobility ; Some of them fed only on Herbs and cold Water, li¬ ving under fuch Ihelters as they could find, or in Tubs, as Diogenes did, who affirmed,it was pro¬ per to, the Gods to want nothing, and that thofe who ftand in need of feweft things come neareft to the Gods.
They held allb, according, to Antiflhenes,' in his Hercules, that Virtue may be , acquired by Learning, and that it cannot be loft v. that a wife
c.S.\ -
vitt
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Man