Part VI.

ARISTOTLE.
26
A'V
alive, confidering the uncertainty of Fortune ■, whence Solo/i faid, Conjider the end of a long Life.^ whether it be happy.
Thofewho fleep,are not participant of Bea¬ titude, but after fome manner, as the functi¬ on of the Soul is capable of awaking.
Laftly, they added Nature.^ becaufe every waking of good Men is not the uie of perfect Vertue, but only that which is according to Na¬ ture, that is, free from madnels ^ for madnefs as well as fleep depriveth Men of ule, and of this Reafon, and maketh them like Brutes.
As Beatitude is faid to be the ufe of Vertue, fo is Mifery of Vice ^ yet not fo, that as this lufficeth to Mifery, fo that doth to Beatitude.
Life is made four and unpleafant to the Good by exceflive Adverlity, to the Ill even in Prolpe- rity, becaufe they fin more, nor can rightly be termed happy.
Having aflerted Beatitude to be the chief Good, it followeth that we expound how ma¬ ny ways it is taken.
Good is underftood three ways. Firfl, for that which is the caufe of Prefervation to all beings 5 next, for that which is predicated of every good thing. Laftly, for that which is expetible in it felf. The firft is God j the fe- cond the Gent^ of Goods ; the third, the end^ to which all are referred. Beatitude.
That which is expetible in it felf, is faid three ways, either that for which fomething is done ^ or, for which all things are done 5 or, fome part of thefe.
Again, of thefe, fome are final., fome effici¬ ent : Final, -are the aClions proceeding accord¬ ing to Vertue j efficient, the materials of expe¬ tible things.
Of Goods, fome are Honourable fiomQ ’Lauda* He., TomeFaculties.,ijQmQprofitable. Honourable, as God., our Prince, Parent : Laudable, as Riches, Empire, Liberty : Profitable, the effi^ cient, as Health
Again, of things good and expetible, fome are expetible in themf elves, feme for others •, in themfelves, as xhQ Honourable, Laudaf)le,2Lnd Faculties ^ for others, as the Profitable, which effeCl and conferve other things.
Again , of things good in themfelves, fome are ends, others not ends 5 Ends, as Jufiice, 'Vertue, Health, and whatfoevef confifteth of thefe; Not ends, as Ingenuity, Memory, Lear¬ ning.
Again, of Goods, fome are wholly perfeCf, 0- thers not ;of the firft are Vertue and Prudence, which benefit all ; of the latter. Riches and P^to^r,which require to be ufed by a good Man. The fame things whereof a good Man maketh right ufe, a wicked Man abufeth, as the fame which a good Mufician ufeth well, he who is ignorant of Mufick ufeth amifs. Whofoever maketh ill ufe of any thing, is hurt thereby -, as, a good Horfe, which is a help to him that knoweth how to Ride, hurts the unskilful Ri¬ der.
Again, of Goods, fome are in the Soul, fome
j •
Riches, Glory, Nobility, Power, Friends, Kindred, GountryHhe. goods of the Soul are either con¬ ferred by Nature,as Wit and Memory-,oi acquir’d by diligence, as the Liberal Sciences-, or fall into perfeQ:ion,as Prudence, JuWice,arA \'dWiY,wifdom.
Again of Goods, fome may be both obtained and lofi^’asRiches -, fome obtained, but not loft; as Felicity and Immortality ; Some loft, but not obtained, as Senje and Life -, fome neither ob¬ tained nor loft, as Nobility.
Again, of Goods, fome are only expetible in ' themfelves, as Pleafureand Indolence, fome effi¬ cient only, as Riches ; Some both efficient and ex* petible in themfelves, as Vertue,Friends, Health.
Goods are divided more ways than thefe, as not belonging all to one Genus, but to all the ten Categories.
Thefe things laid down, we come next to fpeak moe accurately concerning Vertue, which they place in both parts of the Soul : In the Ra¬ tional pm,Integrity,Prudence, Wifdom, Memory, and the like :\nx\iQ lrrationalpaxt,T'emperance, Jufiice, Fortitude, and other Vertues. Thefe (fay they) may be extinguifhed by excels, which they prove by teftimony of the Senfes.as things obfeure by manifeft. For, as by excels or defebl of Exercife,i/ moderate exercife. is preferv’d ; In like manner is it mPemperanee, Fortitude, and other Vertues. For, as we do call him who feareth the Thun¬ der, mad, not valiant -, fo on the contrray, he who feareth Shadows is a Coward : But, he is valiant who neither feareth all things, nor no¬ thing. Thefe things encreafe or extinguifh Ver¬ tue ; Being moderate, they encreafe Courage : being too great, or too little, they ektinguilh it.
In like manner are all other Vertues extingui¬ fhed hyexcefs or fl'i^5',encreafed by 'mediocrity.
Neither is Vertue only limited by thefe, but by Pleafure and G/7^1ikewife,in as much as for pleafure we commit Wickednefs, and ' for grief fhungood. To explain this more fully, they un¬ fold the nature of the Soul, wherein are' feen three ajfions faculties fiabitsiP ajfions.yiS
Anger, Fear, Hate f^mae, Emulation, P/^,and the lik : To which is fiibfequent Pleafure or Grief. Faculties fiy which we make ufe of paffions, and are angry, do emulate, and the like. Habits are thofe from which the FunHions of thefe proceed- eth rightly, or otherwife. If any Man be fo difpofed, that he is any upon any- occafion, he hath the habit of ; if fo, as to be angry upon no occafion, he hath the habit of St upidi-* ty, both which are blameable.- .The laudable Habit i^ that oP Meekhefs, by which we are angry in due time and place. VerthCs there, fore are Habits, by whichtheFunffiorts of paf fions become laudable.
All Vertue confifteth in A8;ion ; all aft ion is continuous. Whatfoever things are continuous, like magnitude, have excels, defeft, and medio¬ crity, either in relation to one another^ or to us. The mean, relatjng'to us, is in all the belf,.(thrs is not quantitative; but qualitative; and therO- fore is perfect; whereas the extreaicrfs, excels in the Body, fome External: In the Soul are In- | and defect, being contrary, are repi^lint to one genuity,Art, Vertue,Wifdom,Prudence,Pleafure ; ' another, and to the mean. But"tht mean i$ to in thQ*Body, Health, foundnefs of Senje, ' both exrreams, (as equality is to ffiequairi:y,grOau
Strength, Joundnefs of Lmbs,and all P^/'/x,with er than the leaft, lefe thanthe greiteft.) Vertue their Faculties and FunSions. ' External are ; therefore is a deliberative Hdbit, Cofffiftiilg id
' mediocrity, relating to our felves. Thco-
64
A R I S TOT LE,
ART Vi
Theophrafius having laid dov(/n fome qiiali- 1 A good Man muft lead a Life conjoined with ties, ( following his Mailer) endeavoureth to Vertue,whether according to the neceflity of the conclude from each of them : The examples he times, he execute the office of a Magiilrate, or alledgetharethefe : Temperance, Intemperance,! cohabit with Princes, or impole Laws,or govern Stupidity, Meeknefs, Wrath, Indolence, Forth i fome other part of the Common wealth. If he tude, Boldnefs, Timidity, Juftic^ Liberality, be not bulled in any of thefe, he muil addi£b Prodigality, Avarice, Magnanimity, Pufilani- [ himfelf to. a popular Life, either by Contempla- niity. Arrogance , Magnificence, Oftentation. ^ tion, or Aftion, or (which is between both) In- For of thefe Habits, fome are ill, through excels j ftruflion.For tho’he ought to follow the Aflion or defect. Others good through mediocrity. Hej and Contemplation of excellent things ^ yet is not temperate who defireth nothing, nor he if the time will not allow him to ule both, he who defireth all things ^ one like a Stone, defi-jmay make choice of one, and prefer the Contem-
- - - — -jj -- -- -
reth not even natural expetibles ^ the other thro exceflive defire, becommeth Intemperate. He only is temperate, who defireth honeft things with reafon,in due time and meafure. He is not ^^’^’,fwho is angry upon all occafions, nor lie who is angry upon none ^ but he who is endued with the mean Habit. He is not valiant
plative life, yet not negleaing the Common¬ wealth. Heffiall therefore marry, to the end he may have ilTue, and addift himfelf to chalte Love, and as occafion requireth, drink Wine free¬ ly ,and finally maintain his Life by due obfervance of Vertue, and be ready to refign it, if there be neceflity, taking care to be buried in his own
- - - - - - - q w WWXXWVI. XLi HI.
eth nothing, not God himfelf-, nor he who fear- Country, according to the Rites thereof
— 11 R
eth all things, even his own Shadow. Nor JuJi I Thus there are three kinds of Life, the aethe, who eithej: affumeth or derogateth too much and C(3;?r/?w/j/j/iiy^’,and that which confiffs of • from himifelf, but who obferveth equality. He As the voluptuous is elfeem’d beneath the dig' is not liberal who giveth away all, nor he who nity of a Man, fo is the contemplative preferred giveth nothing; nor magnanimouspNho efteemeth | before the reft. A good Man fiiall addi£f him* himlelf worthy all great things, nor he who ! felfto the Government of the Commonwealth efteemeth himfelf worthy none ; but he who by choice not chance ; for the aflive Life is
'-T'"’' - — - - J - J - - - - -
obicrveth a Decorum. He is not magnificent who is fplendid every where, nor he who no where ; but who obferves due time and place.
Thus the Genus of Vertues is placed in Medi- ccrity ,and mutually confequent in it felf ; yet, cot alike in all, for Prudence is confequent to the reft in its own proper nature ; the reft are con¬ fequent to it by acceflion ; for he who is juft, muft neceflarily be wife, but not on the contrary.
OfPaffions and Appetites,fome are^ hai^ fome mean -, the good are Friendjhip^ bene¬ volence^ indignation^ Jhame^confiience^compaJfion-^ the bad, envy ^malevolence^ contumely -, the mean, grief fiea}\ anger\ pleajure^ defire.
Every, PaflTion is converfant in Pleafure and Grief, for which reafon the Vertues depend upon them ; but love of Money fove of F leaf lire ^ love- Melancholy^ and the like, are habits diftinft from Vices. >
Of L Conjunction., the third of both. The nrft is good, the fecond bad, the third mean.
Of Friendfhip there are four kinds .♦ Sodality^ Affinity., Uofpitality., Erotick : Whether that of heneficeneppexA that of Admiration be to be ad , :ded to thefe, is doubtful. The firft is derived ¥rom converfation ; the fecond from -,the
third from cohabitation -, the fourth from affection., the fifth from the laft from ^omo facul¬
ty. Of ^ all thefe, there are in general three ends,honeft, profitable, and pleafant : All Perfons that are ftudious of Friendfhip aim at one or more of thefe ends. The firft Friendfhip is that vvhich every Man hath to himfelf ; the next to his Parent; the reft to his Friends and Neigh¬ bours ; Whence excels in the firft, and defeft in the reft ought to be avoided -, that being efteem- ed felf hove., this refervednefs.
is. taken three ways, for a profitable bene¬ fit, or for the profitable return of, a benefit, or for the temernbrance of a benefit. It is placed Tike wife in the .Face and Speech, whence a Man is terrne(f gracious., :
converfant in civilAftairs,That Life is beft which is led according to Vertue and Nature ; the next is that which is a mean condition,as to both;thefc are both expetible. But the life which is con- joyned with Vice is to be avoided. A happy life differs from a Good in this. The happy is always confonant to Nature, the good Ibmetimes re¬ pugnant to Nature. To the firft, Vertue only is not requifite ; to the other, it is requifite.A mean Life is that which is placed in mediocrity, not deftitute of Offices. Rectitudes in life are ac¬ cording to Vertue , Sins according to Vice ;
Offices in the mean kind of Life.
To thefe things thus declared we muft add, that Vertue is a habit defiring mean Pleafures and Griefs, purfuing that which is honeft, as it is honeft : Vice is the oppofite hereto. ’
Wifdom is the Science of the firft Caufes.
Prudence a habit examining and afting good things, as they are good.
Fortitude a habit betwixt boldnefs and Fear.
Meeknefs is a mean betwixt wrath dtnd ft upi- . dity. ’ p
Liberality is a mean betwixt Prodigality and '
Penurioufnefs. .
Alagnanimity\smt\iomQCLnhQt\NiiiXArrogance.,H- .t, ,
^rAPufillanmity. Text doubtUfs
^ Magnificence is the mean betwixt Oftenta- defemve, tion and fordidnefs. tk»s t$
Indignation is the mean betwixt Envy and ^
Malevolence. ' I
Gravny IS thQ mQzn Affentation and7H7^t | Contradiction.
isthemean betwixt Impudence and Bajhfuhefs. SflSC‘
Urbanity is the mean betwixt Scurrility and.S? ;^'o7n- RuftlClty. ;
t Friendfhip is the mean betwixt dotage and .
enmity. T
7 • .1 , . . . , Mag.Tnor.i.2a.
1 ruth IS the mean betwixt detraction zud But Arift.
boafiing. , otherwifepU’
Juftice is the mean betwixt £xeefs and defect. friend- ,
There are other Vertues, part ranked ■
themlelves, part under the former. As under andveroiatkn. ,
Juftice
I
S
Part. VI.
A KI SI 0 f L E.
265
Juftice are, %?«ro7«f) \vK0tvuvMiA:>
IwunAKKA^tA, under Temperance lvK AvTA^mA, iv^-^yjA, tp/MTo/iA) dcfincd thus.
Evffi^eiA^ is a habit of Worlhipping the Gods and Demons, a mean betwixt Atheifm and
CtEAUf-OViA.
'Off/oltif , a Habit of obferving Right towards the Godsand the Dead, a mean tecwixt avoaioJ^, and fomething that wants a name.
XfHroTMf, a Habit of doing well voluntarily for their own fakes: a mean betwixt and
Ibmething that wants a name.
EvKotvcoviiffiA, a habit, rendring men grateful in Society, a mean betwixt ^otumnAiA, and forae- thing that wants a name. -
EvffvvAM~A.^lA,3, habit avoiding injuflice in Con- tra£ls ; a mean betwixt Aa-mtAhKA^iAi and fome¬ thing that wants a name, which pertaineth to ext ream right.
'EvKofffAA, a habit of oblerving order, a mean between ‘A'iA^'iA, and fomething that wants a name.
a habit liberally content with the prefent, a mean betwixt '7r]wx^‘^i and ‘TrorvJir^A.
'Ev\.vxta., a habit of fuftaining grievous things unconquered, a mean betwixt and *e«r-
fJMVlojtlf.
^iKoTo/iA, a habit performing excellent things indefatigbaly, a mean betwixt i^AKAx-Ui and
fcc^AOTTo/iat.
' Laftly, Frobity is a virtue confifting of all the reft ^ it is perfeft, as well becaufe it rendreth good things honeft and profitable, as for that it defireth lioneft things for their own fake.
CHAP. II.
OECOK OMICK.
4
HAving thus explained the Virtues and the chief Heads of EthicA, it remaineth that we fpeak of Oeconomick and FoUtick^Kot as much as Man is by nature a Civil Creature. The firft Commonwealth is the lawful congreffion of man and woman, forprocreadon of Children, and So¬ ciety of Life. This is called ’ a Family^ it is the ground and beginning of a City. A Fa¬ mily feemeth to be a little City, for Marriage be¬ ing contrafted, and Children growing up one under another, and joyn’d one to another, there is deduced another Familv, and fo a third, and a fourth. OF thefe is conftituted Neighbourhood and a OV>', for many Neigbourhoods make us up a City. Thus as a Family hath in it the feeds of a City, fo likewife of a Common wealth, for in a Family there are the prints of Monarchy., an Arijiocracy., and a Democracy. The Society be-, tween Parents and Childten r^refents a Monar¬ chy ^ that betwixt man and Woman an Arifto- cracy, as being contraffedfor ilTue, mutual com¬ fort and afliftance. To thefe is added a Servant., appointed to be fuch by Nature, able for Service^ but not to live of himlelf, requiring therefore a Mafter to Govern him. Of all thefe reduced to a community is conftituted a
The Government of a Family is by Nature gi¬ ven to Men.^ Children diXQ. not yet arrived to it. Servants never ca n. The whole ordering thereforeof a Family
depends upon the Man ; the whole prudence of Oeconomy therefore is in Man: This is partly Pa-: ternal.^ partly Nuptial., par.tly i/m/4’,. paccly' ^uifitive. For, as an Army requireth Frovijian., a City, Merchandife., Art, Injiruments fo a Fa¬ mily Necefrarics,as well for common life aS con¬ venience. .Of thefe the-Mafterof the-Famfily. takes the firft care, how honcftly to encreafeWs Revenues, and moderate his expences. He, as being the head of the Family, ought to be skilful in many things, as in Agriculture., Gra- fing. Metals, whereby he may advantage him- felf without doing injury to others. Of Acquifi- tion there are two kinds, one better than the other j that, by Nature, this by Ai't. _
CHAP. V.
4
POLITICK.
THus much concerning Oeconomick ; we come next to fpeak in fhort of Politick.
Firft then,Ch/>jare conftituted as well for the natural propenfity of man to fociety,as for utili¬ ty. A City is the moft perfefi: Society. A Citi¬ zen is he who is concern’d in the Magiftracy. A City is a compleat number of fuch perfons, which proceedeth fo far, as that it be not a dif- agreeing , within it felf, not contemptible, but mayi conveniently provide for life, and defend it felf againft enemies..
Oeconomical prudence is one kind, Legijldtive anothe. Political a third. Military a fourth.
A Citv is Governed either by one man, . or fome few, or all ; and each of thefe. either rightly, or unjuftly : Rightly, when the Princes refpeQ the common good ; unjuftly, when they confider their own private’ Intereft.The right ate' Monarchy, Arijiocracy, Democracy ; the unjuft. Tyranny, Oligarchy, Ochlocracy. There is alfo a mixt Government, confifting of the good kinds.- And whereas a Commonwealth is often changed into better or worfe ; that is beft which is gui¬ ded according to Virtue-, that worft, which is ac-'- cording to Vice-
They whdCommand, or Advife, or Judge iff Democracy, are taken out of all, either by Suf¬ frage, or Lot : In Oligarchy, out of the Plcher in Arifiocracy, out of the Beft.
Sedition in Cities is either according to Reafon or Interejt ; the firft, when equals are reduced- to unequal extremities ; the fecond, for Honour, Power, or Gain..
Commonwealths are overthrown eitHer by Force or Vraud. They laft longeft- which refped the publick utility.
Courts of Judicature, ^Procejes, Pleas, and Magijiracies, are ordered according to the forms of every Commonwealth. The moft general commands are Priejihood,GeneralJhip,Admir alty,
J'0l'0(A.tA, ATVIfO[JLlA3 TA^-tdAy yo^Qt^VhAldlAy
whereof fome relate to Cities, others to Havens and Traffick.
The Office of a Comraonwealthf man is to reform a Commonwealth, which is much harder than to ereH one ; and to divide the common people into two parts, one for necefiary Offices,- tha other for convenient ; Mech(mtcks.Jiusbani‘ L 1 tHfJty
.iuv
66
AKl srot LE.
A R T.
Vi
Tfien^ and. M.erchants are for the neceflary continually feiving the Commonwealtlv- but Soldiers ^xACouncellors, who are Servants tori Virtue, and perform Noble things, are the more
excellent. ^ u
Old Men are moft proper to be Councellors,
and alfo Priefts to perform the Sacred Rites ^ young men for War. This order is exceeding an¬ cient, firft conftituted by the J¥!gyptia;is, who,3.- mongft other things excellently difpoied, ap- 'pointed thd Temples of the Gods to be built in
the higheft places, and the Lands of private perfons to be difpofed, partly at the confines of the Country, partly near the City, whereby both parts of the Country ftiould meet in Tribute and Tax. They likewife well ordered the inftitution of Sodalities^ anifa publickcare for the Educati¬ on of Children, and that thofewho are too young or too old,fhould not Marry, to prevent their ha¬ ving weak Children. Likewile, that nothing mixt be taken away, nothing perfeff expofed,ab- , ortion not procured. Thus much of
THE
FOURTH PART.
CHAP. I.
Of metaphtsicks.
TH E Fourth and laft part of Fhilofo- which treateth of Ens in ge¬ neral, is by Ariftotle termed fome- times, Firji, Fhilofophy, fometimes Wifdom^ FomtlimQsTheology^ by his Followers and Interpreters called Metaphyjick^ ftom the order thereof^ as Alexander Aphrodifaus and Fhiloponus affirm j being placed after Fhyjick^ as treating of a lefs known, and more Noble
Objea.
Upon this Subjea there are fourteen Books of Extant, which, faith Alexander Aphro- difxus^ by the method of the difcourfe and ftyle, are eafily evinced to be his.
a Metaphyf. a Metaphyfick confidereth Ens as it is Ensyind lib. 6. cap. I. the primary caufe thereof, b Ens is Anala- b Lib.^cap.2. picEdicated primarily of fubftance, which is one effence ^ of Accidents, not fimply, but in regard of their common attribution to fubftance. Ens thus being one analogically, the Science thereof is one likewile -, but it treateth chiefly of fubftance, becaufe that is the firft effence up¬ on which the reft depend, and from which they are denominated.
C H A P. II.
Of the firft Frinciple.
TH E firft moft common Axiom, or complex principle is this, It is impojfible that the fame thing Jhould be^ and not be ^ in the fame ^ and according to the fame ref pell.
To this principle, alldemonftrations and opi¬ nions are reduced. It is it felf indemonftrable, as being the firft 5 otherwife there would be an infinite progreffion in. demonftration. There is nothing more known by which it may be pro¬ ved, no greater abfurdity than the denial of it, that an Adverlary can be reduced to.
With the firft negative principle, the firft c firmative hath a near affinity. It is necejfary that every thing be predicated affrmatively or nega¬ tively of another. It is not true in matter of a fu¬ ture contingent determinately, but only indeter¬ minately. This affirmative principle therefore is not abfolutely the firft, yet it is true ; neither can there be a medium betwixt contradiflory propofitions, no more than betwixt even and un¬ even number ; every propolition either affirms or denies, therefore every propolition is either true or falfe j between thefe there is no medium.
CHAP. III.
Of Subfiance dnd Accident,
a Ens in general there are three divillons;
V-/ firft, by Accident and perfe-., lecondly, ^ Fotentially and AUive j thirdly, Intentional and Real.
Of Ens by Accident^ there is no Science, for it is in a manner J^on ens,ithith no caule per _/?, it is not generated or corrupted per fe^ it is not always, nor for the moft part, nor neceflary, whereas Science is of things contrary to thefe.
b Ens per fe^ is divided into ten Categories, l nf, _ ,
The firft is Subfiance., and the firft Ens., and con- * ^
fequently the firft Category., for it is predicated in quid of the firft lubjeft, whereas Accidents are predicated /z? oi quantum. Again, Subftance only is Ens per fe^ Accidents are Ens, as they ar®
Affeftions of Subftance.Subftance is the firft Ens, by Reafon or Definition, becaule Accidents are de¬ fined by Subftance. By Knowledge, becaule the Knowledge of Accidents depends on the Know- ledg of Subftance. By Time, for there is Ibme Subftance without Accident, as God and Intelli¬ gences, but therp is no Accident without a Subftance. Likewile material Subftances are
prcce-
1
Part. VI.
A Kl S'l o r LE.
267
c Cap. 3.
precedent in Time, at leaft to fome Accidents, which arrive unto them after they have fome time generated. And laftly, by Nnture^^ for the Subjed is, by Nature, before that which inhereth in it. Hence this part of Phyfick rreateth only of Subftance.
c SubjeQ: or Subftance is three- fold •, Matter^ Compofitum. The two latter are more Em^ than Matter, tho’ Matter be truly Subftance, as being the firft and laft SubjeO; which remaineth, tho’ all the Affe£lions of a Body be taken away.
d They are miftaken, who think there is cap. 6. any thing poffible •, which (hall never aQiually be, or that there are Powers whole ASts are im- poffible •, for hence it would follow, that all things Ihould be poffible, nothing impoffible.
Fojjibte is that Which doth or may follow from fome Power ^ if it never followeth, or comech out of that Power, it is impoffible. That which is poffible therefore, mult at fome time or 0- ther be in Acl.
e Of Powers there are three kinds, fome
This is firft Matter, which in it lelf is neither as fenfes ^ acquiredhY Cuflom.,
e Cap. 5,
d Cap.
e Cap. 8.
f Cap. 10.
compleat Subftance, nor Quantitative, nor in any other Category. Neither is it firft Subftance, for that is feparable,and may exift by its own power without others. That is likewile a deter minate, perfeft, fingular Subftance but Matter cannot be feparated from Form, neither is it lin¬ gular or determinable,.
d Form is that which the thing it felf is faid to be, per Iw nvcti. The being oj a thing
isohat it was.^ the whole common Nature and ElTence of a Thing,anfwerable to Ihe Definition. Compound fenfible Subftances have a proper Definition ; but Em by Accident.^ conlifting of Subje£l and Accident, hath not, tho’ it may be by Accident delcribed and explained. Even Categorical Accidents being one per fe^ and of One Nature, have a ^iddity and Definition, not limplCj as Subftances, but after their own man¬ ner.
e Matter and form are not properly genera¬ ted, but the whole Compofitum.^ whereto Ideds [ feparate Subftances ] confer nothing, neither as efficient, nor exemplary Caufes.
/ The common fubftantial, or formal parts of the thing defined, are to be put into the De¬ finition of the whole •, but the material parts of the Individuum it lelf,muft not.
CHAP. VI. Of Power and Ahd.
playing on a Pipe 5 fome by Difcipline., as Arts.
The two laft require previous Operations, the natural do not. Natural and Irrational Powers are necelTarily reduced to Aft, when the Agent and Patient are at a due diftance, and there is no¬ thing betwixt to hinder them. The rational Powers are not fo, for they are free to Aft or no‘t , to Aft as they pleale.
/ Aft is, when the thing that was in power fcap. $. is otherwife than when it was in power.
g All Aft is before Power, and before all g Cap. 8, Nature which is contained under Power, by Rea/on^ EJjence and Time. By Reafon.^ becaufo Power is defined by Aft. By Time.^ becaufe tho Power be temporal before Aft in the fame nu¬ merical Objeft ; for a Man may firft be learned, before he aftually be fuch; yet, in different things of the fame fpecies. Aft is ever before I Power in time-, for nothing can be made or re¬ duced from Power, unlefs by an Agent aftually exiftent.
Laftly, Aft is before Power in EJfence ; firft, becaufe it is later in Generation ^ for Generation beginneth from the imperfeft State of a Thing, • and proceedeth to the perfeft. Now all Gene¬ ration proceedeth from Power to Aft. Secondly,
Aft is the end of Power -, but the end, as it is later in Generation, fo it is more perfeft by Na¬ ture, and firft in Intention.
CHAP. V.
A lib.^.cap. a
NExt Subjlan'ce^ We cOme to Power and Ahi. Power is either or Pafjive :
Of True and falfe.
THefirft Divifion of Ens is into Intentional a, nb.6.cap.2, and Real, b The Intentional is either b Lib.^xap.io:
Aftive Power is the Principle of changing other
Things., or ailing on another., in as much as it is \ true or falfe. The Intelleft aflerteth truly., if another. Paffive Power is in a manner the fame its judgment be conformable to the thing \falfly.^ with Aftive, for the motion of Paffion and if not conformable, for there iscompolitiOnand
h Cap. 2.
c Cap. 3.
Aftion is really the fame, neither • can one be without the other, tho’ Amply they are diverfe, being in different Subjefts, Paffive in the Pati¬ ent, Aftive in the Agent.
b Of Powers, fome are void of Reafon, as the Power of warming; Ibme Rational, as Arts. The Rational are of Contraries, as Medicine is of Health and Sick ; the Irrational of one only, as Heat produceth Heat.
c The Power (contraty to the Megarick Philofophers, followers of Zeno) remains, al¬ though not reduced to Aft ; for we call a Man ArchiteQ, tho’ he be not aftually employed in Building. Again, Animals have Senfe, even when they are not in Aft. Thirdly, it were impoffible any tlfing could be, which were not aftually. Poffible is that whofe Power, if it were reduced to Aft:, would not imply any impoffi- bility-
divifion in the things themfelves,as well as in the Intelleft. Whence if the Intelleft compound things by Affirmation, as they are really com¬ pounded ; or divide them by Negation, as they are really divided, it afferteth truly, otherwile falUy. True and falfe are in the fimple appre- henfion of things, butfimply, not enunciatively, fo as that truth is nothing but a fimple percepti¬ on of the Objeft ; falfhood a non-perception or ignorance thereof, tho’ ignorance be not proper¬ ly falfity. Whence fimple apprehenfion may be true in it felf, falfe it cannot be, for falfity requi- reth compofition.
Complex Truth and Falfhood may be of the fame feparate fubftanees.
He cannot be deceived in the knowledge of things immoveable, whofoever hath once con¬ ceived them immutable -, for cither he will judge always truth, or always err, becaufe L 1 2 things
0
268
ta/. 2.
3 Caj). s .
a. Lib.i2'or cap. 6.
ARl STOT LE.
ART.
VI
things immovable are always in the fame man¬ ner. The viciffitude and deception, and true and falfe judgment, is only in things contingent and mutable.
CHAP. XVI.
Of One.^ the Same.^ and Diverfe.
ONE is an afFeHion of Ens^ not a fub- flance as Pythagoras and P/ato affirmed, but a Categoreme., praedicated of every thing as it is Ens'. To one is oppofite many\ by privative opix)fition, and therefore one is manifelfed by many, as indivilible by divifible, the privation by the habit. For divifible is more known to fenfe than indivilible, and multitude than unity. To me are referred the fame.^ equal.^ like 5 to niany.^ divers.^ unequal.^ unlike.
b liiings are diverfe either by Genus or Spe¬ cies : by Genus thofe which have not the lame matter, or,a.mutual Generation or whereof one pertains to corruptibh fubltance, the other to in¬ corruptible. By Species., thofe which have the fame genus. Genus is that wherein thede things that are diverfe are laid to be the lame according to fubltance.
CHAP. VII.
Of Immortal.^ Eternal., and Immoveable Subfances.
4. a ^Ubltance is threefold, two kinds, natural.^
C
whereof one is corruptible, 2.S Animal
The third is
the other fempiternal, as Heaven. immoveable.
That there is a perpetual immoveable fub- ftance, is proved thus. Subftances are firft Ens, therefore if all fubftances ^re corruptible, all things likewife mult be corruptible-, which is falfe, for there is an eternal local motion, circu¬ lar, proper to Heaven, which it is not polfible Ihould have had a beginning, or ffiall have a dilTolution, no more than time. If therefore Time be eternal, as motion, there muff neceffa- rily be feme incorruptible and eternal fubftance, not only that wherein that eternal motion exiffs, the Heaven it felf^ but one fubltance, which fo moveth, that tho’ it remain its felf moveable, yet it moveth others from eternity to eternity, not having only the power of moving, but be¬ ing continually in the aft of motion. For Plato and the reft, who conceived God to h^ve done nothing for a great while,err,becaule that power were frultraneous w'hich were not reduced to aft. Befides, motion would not have been eter¬ nal, unlefs- the moving fubftance were not only eternal, and in perpetual aftual motion but fuch likewife, that it could not but it mull move always, as being a pure aft void of power.
Hence the fubftances which caufe eternal mo¬ tion, are void of matter, for they move from -an eternal aft, and are void of all power.
.In things that Ibmetimes are, fometimes are not, power is precedent to aft, but limply and aibipjiu|ely aft is, precedent to power. For, nei¬ ther things natural or artificial are reduced from
power to aft, but by Ibmething that aftually exifts. Now if the fame thing always return by a circular motion, it necelTarily followeth, that there is fomething eternal which remaineth ever the fame, and operateth in the lame man¬ ner. Such an eternal firft moving fubftance is the firft Heaven. The viciffitude of Generation and Corruption is not cauled by the firft Heaven, fbr that moveth always in the lame manner, but by the inferior Orbs, efpecially the Sun, which by his acceffion bringeth life, by his recelfion death to all things mortal.
Thus is the firlt Heaven eternal, for it is mo¬ ved with eternal motion ^ befides which there is fomething which always moveth,, and is never moved it lelf, 200^1^ eternal, 2in6.fubfiance,2iiA adt.
CHAP. VIII.
Of GODS.
THis Hrfi mover, moveth in the lame manner cap. 7.
as things appetible and intelligible,that is, it fo moveth others,as it felf remaineth immove¬ able. The motion of the firft Agent, as it is the firft efficient caufe, conlifteth in that influence thereof, _ whereby it concurreth effeftively with the inferior intelligences in moving its own Orb. Wherefore the efficience of the firft mover is an application of the powers of the inferior mo¬ vers to their proper works, wherein he concur¬ reth with them aftively, and independently.
Thus the intelligences move the Heavens, not for the generation of inferior things (fbr the end muft be more noble than the means) but for that chief and amiable good, whereunto they endea¬ vour to be like, as their ultimate end.
The firft mover is void of mutation, an Ens, wholly and limply necellary, and confequently the principle of all. Upon this firlt principle de¬ pend Heaven and Nature, becaufe without him, their ultimate end and firft efficient, nothing can be, or be operated.
This firft mover, God, enjoyefh the moft per- feft life: perpetual and moft pleafant, which ab- folute felicity is proper to him : for as much as he underftandeth and contemplateth himfelf with infinite delight. For, as we are happy in contemplation that lafts but a little while, fo is God moft happy, in the infinite and moft per- contemplation of himfelf, who is of all things moft admirable.
- God is an eternal living being, the befi of beings, an immovable fubfance, feparate from fenfible things, void of corporeal quantity, without parts, and indivifible', forluchmnft that princi¬ ple or fubftance be which moveth in infinite time. Nothing finite hath infinite power. All magnitude muft be either finite or infinite. Fi¬ nite magnitude cannot move in infinite time ^ in¬ finite magnitude there is not, as we proved in the Phyfick.
God is impaffible,not fubjedl to alteration-, the firft local motion, which is the circular, not be¬ ing competible to God,becaufe he is immovable, it followeth that other motions that induce paf lion or alteration, and are later than local mo¬ tion., cannot likewife be competent to him.
CHAP.
I
9
0
Part. VI.
» Cgp* 8.
* De Exit.
aUb. 13.
I
'' b Laert.
I c Smd.
i Fraf. lib. I. e Lib. 13.
fLaert.
4 Irffrt. S«/V.
'1
f b ljb.i^,cap.i, ; cPlm. ip. 2.
' d Excrc. c.Pri- |: dian pag.
11
THEO P HKA^T O S. ' 269
CHAP. IX.-
Of Intelfrgcnce.
6 T> Elides this firf Suhftance the mover of the jj hrft Heaven, there muft likewile be other fubitances feparate from matter, eternal and im moveable, prefident over the motions of the in ferior Orbs ^ fo that after what number and or¬ der thofe Orbs are difpo-led, according to the lame are thefe external moving, and immovable lilbftances ordered.
From the number of the motions: mav* be col¬ lected the number of the Soheres, and, 'confe- quently of the lilbftances moving , which accor¬ ding to Ariftotle are 47, . . f-
Heaven is numerically one^ becaule the tirn: mover is one.k is an ancient Tradition that thefe firft fubftances that move tlie Heavens are Gods. This Opinion is truly Divine ^ but what is ad¬ ded, tliat they had the ftiape of Men,' or fome other Animal, was only invented for perfivafiot! of the common People, for the ufeof Law5, ?md the convenience of Life Thus much may ftrve for a Ihort view of his I\ietaphyficks.
\
THEOP HRAST
S,
CHAP. L
*
4 , His Country.^ Parents.^ Mafers.
THeophroJlus fucceeded Arifotk^ he was born at Erefi/zs^ (as Fluiarch^ haertim.^ and others affirm) a Sea- Town of feated upon a Hill,
as a Straho defcribes it,dift:ant from Stadia.
His Father was named Melantes.^ as b Athe- nodcrus affirmeth, according to c others, by profeffion a Fuller . Theophrajius was firlt called Tyrtdmus. He heard Leucippus in his own Countiy, afterwards went to PA/tc, and laftly became an Auditor of Arifotle^ who changing theroughnefs of his Name, called him, as Sui- das faith, Euphraftus.^ afterwards Theophrajius^ from the Divine Eloquence of his Speech, wherein (as Cicero, d Pliny, Laertius, e Stra¬ bo, and others aver) he excelled all the reft of his Dilciples.
f He was likewife fo quick of apprehenlion, that whdX Plato had faid of Ariftotle ziA Xeno- crates, Ariftotle applied to him and Califihenes. Theophraftus was acute to admiration, ready to apprehend every thing that he taught-, Cahjthe- nes was dull: So tloat one needed a Bridle, the other a Spur.
CHAP. IL
His Profeffion of Philofophy, and Difciples.
A Rif 01 le retiring to Chakis, in the 2d. year of the 1 1 qrh. Olympiad a being impor¬ tuned by his Difciples to appoint a Succeftbr, made choice of Theophrafus (as hath been al¬ ready related in the Life of Arifotle) who there- «pon undertook the Government of the School, and Arifotle dying, lived in his Garden, Deme¬ trius Phalerius cohabiting with him. This time wherein Theophrafus fiourilhed, is reckoned by b Pliny to be about the 440/A Year from the building of Rome •, c 3P0 Years, as d Salma- ’TZvr rightly tods, before that time wherein Pli¬ ny wrote.
e Hermippus faith, he went at certain hours e Atkn.lih.t, to the School, neatly drelTed, and there fitting down, difcourfed in fuch manner, that he omit¬ ted no gefture fuitable to the Argument wliere- upop he treated, fo that once to exprefs a Glut¬ ton he licked his Lips.
/In the fourth year of the iiSthOlympmd,fLacri.Men. Xenippus being Archon, Sophocles, Son of Am- deipn. phiclides, procured a Law to be made,' forbid¬ ding all Philofophers to keep publick Schools, • unlefs fuch only as the Senate and People ftiould think fit to Licenle^ if any did otherwife, lie Ihouldbeput to Death. By this Decree, Taith •
Athenaus, he Banifhed all the Philofophers out of the City, amongft the reft T/;d’iyiA-4/?.;
the year following returned, when as Philo, a Difciple of Arifotle, accufed Sophocles for ha¬ ving done contrary to Law. Whereupon the d/A(f-
nians revers’d the Decree, fined Sophocles five Talents, and called home the Philolophers -, by which meausThophraJius returning, was reipfta- ted in the School.
Laertius faith, there came to hear him 2000 Difciples-, SuidasHfith (if there be no miftake
in the Number)44^d. of whom were his
Succeftbr, Demetrius Phalereus., Nichomachus,
Son of Arifotle, whom Arifippus faith, he much .
afteffed Erajifratus the Phyfician, as fome aP firm, and the Comick Poet.
CHAP. III.
"...
His Vertues and Apothegms.
a T T E was exceeding Learned and Studious, a Lam.
Xn as Pamphila affirmeth. b He was very liberal in conferring benefits*, b Laerti and a great cheriftier of Learning.
c He made Colleffions of Money for the e Men. lib. 5. Conventions of Philofophers, not for Luxury, but for Temperance, and Learned Difcourfes.
d Hs
2?
O
7 H EOF HR AST VS.
Part. VI.
d Pint. adv. Colet.
e Laert, f Laert.
a Laert,
b Laert.
c Laert. Stob.
d Plut, vit. Demojl.
e Sym^. 1. 2. f Plut.de Anar,
g Plut.de fr at. amor.
h Pint, de fa- nit. tuend. i Stobi
^Stob.Senoi. I Ser. 121.
m Ser.
n Ser. 135.
0 Ser. 141. p Ser. ifia.
q Ser. 18$. r Ser. 193.
/ Ser. I >3.
d He twice freed his Country, being under the oppreflion of Tyrants.
tt Cafjhnder Son of' Antipater much efteemed him, and Vtolomy the firlt wrote Letters to him.
f He was f?> much honoured by the Atheni¬ ans.^ that Agnonides accufing him of Impiety, very hardly elcaped from being fined himfelf a Of his 'Apothegms are remembred thefe. He faid, It is more lafe trufting to an unbridled Horfe, than intemperate Speech.
b To 2i young Man at a Feaft filent ; If you hold your peace, faith he, becaufeyou are fool, ifh, then you are wife ^ but, if you are wile, you do fbolifhly in holding your peace.
c He ufedto fay. Of all things tlia tare Ipent, time is the mofl precious.
d Being demanded, as Arijio faith, what he thought of Demofthenes j he anlwered, he is worthy of this City •, of Demades j he is above the City.
e To Fhilip Son of Cajfander he faith, I won¬ der your eyes do not make mufick, the pipe of your nofe coming fo direflly upon them.
f To prove that Riches are not to be loved and admired, he inftanced Callias., a Rich Athe¬ nian., and Ifmenias a Theban ^ thefe faith he, ule the fame things, as Socrates and Epaminondas.
g He faith we mult net love Strangers, to the end we may make trial of them, but make trial of them to the end we may love them.
h He faid the Soul paid a dear Rent for- her Habitation in the Body.
z He faid Fallhood railed from Calumny and Envy, endureth a little while, *but foon pe- rilheth.
^ Seeing a young man blulh, be of good comfort, laith he, that is the complexion of Virtue.
I Heufed to lay. Hand in aw of thy felf, and thou (halt not be alhamed before others.
m He faid. The good need but few Laws, for things are not accommodated to Laws, but Laws to things.
rt The Envious are more unhappy than others in this refpeff, that they are troubled not only at their misfortunes, butalfo at the good for¬ tunes of others.
0 Being demanded what preferved humane life, he faid, beneficence, reward, and punilh- ment.
p He faid Honours are to be acquired, not by converfation and favour, but by abtion.
q Being demanded what Love is,he anlwered, the palfion of an idle Soul.
r He faid a Woman ought not to be fcen her felf, nor behold others richly attired, for both are inticements to dilhonefty.
f He laid. Love is an excefllve defire of fome- thing irrational, the entrance thereof eafie, the dif-ingagement difficult.
CHAP.
CHAP. IV.
His Wi/l and Death.
\
a Hk Will k thus delivered by Laertius, a Laert,
Be all voell-j blit if any thing happen othervoife., thus we give Order. All thoje Goods which belong to the Houfe., I bequeath to Melanres and Pancreon Sons of Leo ^ Tbo/e which are fet a- part for Hipparchus, I Will be thus difpofed.
EirJ}., That the Study and Ornaments belonging thereunto be perfeSed.^ and if any thing may be added more to Beautijie them., that it be done.
Next -, that the Statue of Ariftotle be fet up in the Temple., and the other Donaries which were before in the Temple. Moreover, that the little Walk which k near the School be built new, not worfe than it was before, and that the Maps of theWorld be placed in the lower Walk. That an Altar likewife be built, wanting nothing of Per- feBion and Splendor, I Will that the Statue of Nicomachus as big as the Life be finifhed -, it k in Praxitele’j hand let him go on with it. Let it be placed wherefoever they fhafl think good, who have the difpofal of the refi, and are named in my Will. Thus much for 1 he Temple and Do¬ naries. My Land at Stagira 1 bequeath to Cal- linus, all my Books to Neleus. The Garden and Walk, and all the Houfes belonging to the Gar¬ den, 1 bequeath to my Friends hereafter named, that they may Exercife tbemf elves, and Study , Philofophy therein for Men cannot always be abroad. But with Condition, that they do not Alienate it, nor pretend any Propriety thereto, but efteem it a thing Sacred in common P off effons, making ufe of all things therein as becometh jufl and loving Friends. The Perfons to whom I Will that thk be in Common, are, Hipparchus, Nele¬ us, Strato, Callinus, Demotimus, Demaratus, Callilfhenes, Melantes, Pancreon, and Nicip- pus. Let alfo Ariftotle, Son of Midias and Py¬ thias, if he defire to Study Philofophy, partake likewife of the fame Priviledge and let the moji Ancient of the Overfeers take great care oj him, that he be infiruBed as well as is pojfi- ble in Philofophy. Let us be buried in that part of the Garden, which they fhall think mofl con¬ venient, not ereBing a Monument, or any thing that is Sumptuous over our Graves. Thus let all things be ordered according as is faid the Tem¬ ple, Monument, Garden, andWalk repaired-, let Pompylus, who dwelleth in them, take charge of them,and of other things as he did heretofore, for whofe pains therein , let the Pqffeffors thereof conjider him. As for Pompylus and Threpta, who have been long fince manumitted, and done as good Service, if there be any thing which we have beflowed upon them, or they them- [elves have required, as alfo the 2000 Drachms which I appointed to be given to them and Hip¬ parchus, let them firmly poffefs it all, as I have often expreffei to Melantes and Pancreon, who ajfented thereunto. Moreover I befiow on them Somatales and the Girl. Of my Servants, I ma¬ numit Molon and Cimon, and Parmenon -, as for Manes and Callias, when they fhall have lived four years in the Gardens, difeharging their Of¬ fice unbameably, I Will they be fet at Liberty.
Of
/
PiiR T. '¥1.
271
Laeri,
iTufcul.1.4.
THEO P H KA:yl V\
Of the Domcjlick XJtenJiis^ let the Overfeers bc- jhwon Pompylus at many as they think fit ^ and fie/l the reft. T Neleus, Donax ^ let Eubius he 'Soid. het Hippar¬ chus give to Calliniis 3000 Drachms. And j or Mclantes and Pancreon, ifi we did not look upon Elipparchus, as having heretofore been very be¬ neficial to us.^ and now quite Ship-wreckld in hts\ fortunes., we fihould have appointed him a fioynt-^ Eftate with Melantes and Pancreon. But be- ’ caufiei conceive it were not ealie fior them to be- joyned in the ordering cfi one family imth him.^ and that it would be more to their -advantage to receive fiomething eertain from Hipparchus, for thefie Reafions let Hipparchus give to each ofi them, Melantes and Pancreoh fia Talent. Let : him Ukewifie duly fiurnifih the Overfieers with alL Cljarges nccejjary' fior the perfiormanee ofi the forementionedWorks •, which done, /^ Hippar¬ chus be firee and di [charged from all' Debts and Covenants to me. , Ifi any benefit come' to Hip¬ parchus from Chalcis on' my behalf, let him I wholly enjoy it as his own. ■ Be thefie the Over¬ fieers ofi thofie things'.contdined in my Will-, Hip- parelaUs, Ndeuis, ' Strabo, Callinus,' Demoti- mus, Califthenes, Ctefarchus. ■
Copies of the Will ofi Theophraftus, Signed with his Ring, are kept -, the -firji by Hegefias Son of Hipparchus. Witnejfes, G^llipiis a Pe- lanean- Philoinelus, ^^Euonymeah ; Lylander, cc;7^01ympidorus hath attefted by the fame Fer- fions. The third is in the hands of Adimantus, deliver ed to his. . Son Androfthenes. Witnejfes, Aimneftus Soh of Cieobulus 9 ^Lyliftratus Son of Phidion, a Thafian •, Strabo Son ofi Atcefilaus, a Lamplacene.^ Thefippus Son ofi I’hdfippus, ofi Rotters Street DiojLCorides,^^?;? Epicephilian. Thus (lairh Laertius') was his Will. ,
He died old, having lived Eighty five years, his Spirits being wafted, as 5^i continual Writing s and upon the Marriage ot' one of his Dilciplcs, giving himfelf fome inter- Ojidion .and reft, it oedafioned his end.
As he lay upon his Death-bed, ^ laith, He blamed Nature fior giving Harts and Crows fio long Life that could do ho 'godd 'thereby, and to . Man who could do moji good, fo fihdi-t ; whereas ifi ADn had been allowed longer time, h ’ls life '■ might have been adorned with the perfieblion ofi Arts and Learning.'. Thus he 'complained, that as foon as he came within the view of thele, he was taken away. ''
HisJ^ifeiplescameto him, and asked him if he had* any thing to fay to t\iQm',iNothing,fkith he, but that the life of manlofieth many pleafiures only fior glory. When we begin to live, then we die ; nothing is more unprofitable than the defire cfi glory. But be happy, and either give over fludy, jor it is very laborious, - or go perfieverantly thro’’ it, for it is of great glory. The vanity ofi life is much greater than the benefit thereof. But, 1 have mpfime to adv’ifie you what to do -, do you confii- der at leifiure what is befit for you ; In laying which words, he expired. The whole People of Athens follovyed his body on foot to the Grave.
C .H A P.
C H A,P. W
His Writings. •.
He left many Writing's, vvhdfeOf, faith E erttus, becaufe they are full of all kind of Learning, I thought good to give this Cata¬ logue.
Firji Analyticks ^V-C '-^vAv-
•r'
Later Analyticks y Of the Ana ly fits ofi Sylhgtfimsf i.’ Epitome of ■ Analyticks i'. - .
F laces ofi DeduUiom 1: f . Agonifiiicks, cOncerftlng 'the 'Theory of Erijiick Arguments. .
Of theSenfies i. " -V ■ ■
To Anaxagoras i.
Of Anaxagoras i. ''
Of Anaxitnenes i.
Of Arche laus 1.
Of Salt, Nitre, Allomf t.
Of Combufiibles : or, as the other Edi* tion,of things that m2fi fe petrified, 2. Of indiviftble lines i.
Ofi Auficultation 2.
Of Winds I.
The di fferences of Virtue t.
Ofi a Kingdom i. ,
Of the Dificipline of a King it 1 I
Of Lives 3. i
Ofi old age I. i
Ofi the Afitrology ofi Democritus 1. !
Of ' Sublime, things ■ i . ' j
Of Apparitions 1. • - . 1
Of fiumoufpColour, Flefih i.
Ofi the Deficription of the World r.
Of Man I.
A ColleBion ofi theDoUrings ^Diog.i, Ofi Definition 3.
Erotick I.
Another of Love i.
Of Felicity i. ; /
Ofi Species 2. j
Of theEpilepfie i. i
Ofi Divine Infipiration L '
Ofi Empedocles i. ;
Epichirems 18.
Injlances 3.
Of Voluntary
Epitome of Fhto^s Commonwealth 2.
Of the ' diver jity ofi voice in Creatures of the fame kind i.
Ofi Subitaneous Apparitions i.
Of Biting and Blows 1.
Of Animals that are Jaid to have Wif dom 7.
Of thofie which dwell in dry places 1.
Of thofie which, change colour i.
Ofi thofie which dwell in Caves i.
Of Animals 7.
Of Fleafiure accordirigto Arifiiotle i.”
Of Fleafiure, another i .
Thefie s 24. ;
Of hot and cold i. j
Ofi dizzinefis and dininefis t.
Of fweat i.
Ofi Affirmation and Negation i.
Calijihenefi^
I
'.N
a
•..0 v’l '3
.
Calijihenes^ or of Grief i.
Of Labours i.
Of Motion - ^
Of Stones I- Of Left lienee i.
Of hiinting i.
Megarick i. . " v ^ of Melancholy i. : ,
Of Metals I. ,,c ■ “
Of Honey i.
Of the QolleUions of Metrodorus i . Sublime Lifeourfe 2.
Of Drunken nefs i'.
\ Of faws Alphabetically -' 2i\.
Epitome of Lazos lO. ’
To Definitions i. .
.yOf Qdourfi. j, ■ , .-.'A -
Of Wine and Oyl. : . VCb. tirji Tropofitions ^ 'i 8. , . ' ‘ Legiflative 3. . ... dv
Tolitick 6. , .. ‘s. ’ =
Tolitick according to feverLoccaftons 4. FoHtickCufioms 4.
Of the beji. Commonwealth 1. CollpAion of Troblems 5.
Of.firppprbs I. 'A.
Of Congelation andLiquefaUion i. Of fire 2. A\ • >
Of Winds T. V;- ..
Of the Palfie i.
Of Suffocation i. .
Of Madnefs i. , of Tafjtons I. . .
Of Signs I.
Sophifms 2.
Of the fofutionof Syllogifms i. Topicks 2. of Pumfhment 2.
Of Hair i. '
Of Tyranny i.
Of Water 3. of Sleep and Dreams i.
Of Frtendjhip 3.
Of Ambition 2,
Of Nature 3.
Of Phyfick 17.
Of the Epitome of PhyJIcks 2. Thyficks 8.
To Natural Philofiophers i. of Natural Hifiories 10.
Of Natural Caufes i.
Of Qjyles 5.
Oj falfe Vleafure i.
Of the Soul I. Thefis,
Of undoubted faith 1.
Of fimple dubitations i.
Harmonicks i.
Offfirtue i.
Ocedfions dr contradiHipns i.
Of Sentence i.
Of Ridiculous , .7 , 'Meridians 2.
Divifions 2.
Of Differences i.
Of Injuries u Of Calumny i,
Of Praife i.
Of Experience 1.
Epifiles
of Cqfual Animals 1, '
■1^'
.v
Of SeleUion i.
Encomiums of the Gods 1.
Of fefiivals i. ‘ .
Of Profperity i.
Of Enthymemes i. j
Of Invention 2. .
Moral Difputes i.
Mofal Defer ipt ions i.
Of Tumult I.
Of Hifiory i.
Of the jugdment of Syllogifms i.
Of flattery i.
Of the Sea i. A To Caflander, of a Kingdom i.
Of Comedy i.
Of Meteors Of Speech i.
Colletlion of Words i. '
Solutions I.
Of Mufick 3»
Of Meteors r.
Megacles i. T
Of Laws I.
Of things contrary to Law i.
A ColleHion of the DoHrines of Xeno^ crates.
Confabulations i. . .
Of an Oath i.
Rhetorical Precepts i.
Of Riches i.
Of Poefy I.
Problems^ Politick^ Ethick, Phyfick^ Erotick I.
Proverbs i. .
ColleUion of Problems i. •
Of Phyfical Problems i.
Of Example i,
Of Propojition and Narration i«
Of Poefie^ another, i.
Of the wife men i.
Of Advice I.
Of Solecifms i.
Of the Art of Rhetorick i.
Of Rhetorical Arts, 71 kinds.
Of Uypocrifie 1.
Ariftotelick, or Theophrafiick Commen- taries 6.
Natural Sentences 16.
Epitome of Phyficks i.
Of Gratitude i.
Ethick .Characters.
Of falfhood andTruth i.
Of the Hifiory of Divinity 6.
Of the Gods 3.
Geometrical Hifiories 4.
Epitome of Ariftotle, concerning AnL maps 6.
Epichirems 2.
The/e s 3.
Of a Kingdom 2.
Of Caufes 1.
Of Democritus i.
Of Calumny i.
Of Generation i.
Of the Prudence and Manners ef Ani¬ mals 1.
Of Motion 2.
Of S'lght 4.
To Definitions 2.
Of being Given 1.
Of greater and lejfer, i. Of