Part VI.

ARIS7 OfLE.
ai Cap. 7. M Stars are of the fame Body with that wherein they are carried, but more thick and compafl ^ they produce warmth and Light in inieriour things through frication of the Air by their Motion j for Iwift motion hres Wood, and melts Lead, yet the Spheres themfelves are not heated, but the Air only, and that chief ly by the Sphere of the Sun, which by his ac- celTion towards us, increaleth the hear, his Beams falling rriore direQly, and with double force upon us.
nCap. S. ” The Stars being infixed in the Heavens , are mov’d not bv themfelves with a proper mo¬ tion, as Fifties in the Water, and Birds in the Air, but according to the motion of their Orbs. Otherwife thole in the eighth Sphere would not be always be iquidiltant from one ano¬ ther •, neither would the Stars have always the fame fide turning towards us, as we lee the Moon hath.
The primum mobile is carried about with the fwifteft motion ^ the feven Orbs of Planets under it, as they are nearer to it, are carried fo much the more fwiftly about by the motion thereof-, and as they are further, diftant, more flowly. Whence by how much the nigher they are to the primum mobile fo much the flower is their proper motion,becaufe it is contrary to that of xlioprimim mobile pdA being from Eaji to WeJ}. oCap.tu « The Stars are round, for that figure is itioft unapt for Self Motion : We fee the Moon is round by her Orbicular Sedions^ therefore the other Stars are folikewife, for the reafon is the fame in all.
o Cap. iz.iA. Centre of Heaven is the Earth.,
‘ round, feated immoveable in the midft -, which together with the Sea makes up one Globe.
'I ■ ,1, ,.i — iM '
CHAP. VII.
Of Elements.
a^T^HE Element 6^ Bodies is a fimple Body* a Oe cdo. X into which other Bodies arc divided, in W.3. tap. 5- ypjiich it is either adually or potentially ^ as in Flefh, Wood, and the like, there is Fife and Earth potentially^ for into thefe they are fegre- gated, but adually they are not ^ for then fhould the flefh and wood be fegregated.
Whereas every natural Body hath a proper mo¬ tion. Motions are partly fimple, partly mixt ^ the mixt proper to mixt Bodies, the fimple to fimple : It is manifeft that there are fimple Bodies^ for there are fimple motions ^ the circu- b Cap proper to Heaven, the right to the Elements.
b The Elements are not Eternal ^ for they are diflolvcd with reciprocal mutations, and pe- rifti,and are mutually generated of one another. ^tib.^xap. 1. c The motive qualities of the Elements are ... * Gravity and Levity. Heavy is that which is apt
to be carried downwards to the Center or midft of Heaven -, Light is that which is apt to be car¬ ried upwards towards the extremities of Heaven. Thefe are either fimple or comparative. Simply heavy is that which is below all, as the Earth ; Simply light that which is above all, as the Fir^i Comparatively feavy and light ' 2iXO thofe in which are both thefe ^ above Ibme, below others, as^ Air and Water. From thefe have mixt things, gravity and levity, the heavy are catri- ed downwards to a definite medium, the light
upwards to a definite extream,for nothing tends to infinite. Whence it followetli, that two Ele- rnents are extreamly contrary, fimjdy heavy, and limply light, Fire and Earth, which tend to con¬ trary places. Betwixt thefe arc tw'o means , participating of the nature of eacli extream,- Air and Water. Thole Elem:nrs which are higlu ft and lighted, are moft perfeH-, and liave the iiature of Forms in relpeblof the Inleriour, liecaufe thefe are contained i>y thofe • to be contained, is the property of matter ^ to con¬ tain, ot form,
d Hence it follow'S, that there are four kinds of particular fecond matter, differing by the acs d 5* cidental differences of hear, cold, humidi¬ ty, ficcity, levity and gravity, (fimple and com¬ parative) though there be but one common mat¬ ter of them alfior rhey are made mutually of one another. The mean Elements are heavy in their proper places ^ for Earth being taken away,Wa- ter tending downwards, fucceeds in its room-- Air defeends into the place of Water, but not contrariwife ^ for Water afeends not info its place of Air, unlefs by force. In the extream it is otherwile. ^ for the y\ir being taken away, the Fire will not delcend into its place, nor the Earth afeend into the place of Water or Air -, for Fire is not heavy, nor Earth light in their natural J'lace, becaule they are Extteam Elements.
e Figure conduceth to the fwiftnefs or flow- ^ ^
nefs ofmotion either upwards or down w^ard.s, but
is not limply, and in it felf the caufe of motion ^ fo an acute Figure curs the medium -ftviftly, a broad obtufe Figure flowly. Hence a thjn plate of Lead or Iron will fwim on Water, becaufe it comprehends much of the fubjefted Body, ' which it cannot eafily divide or penetrate.
CHAP. VIII. V.' ^
Of Gerteration., Corruplion., Alteration., Augment •: tation., and Diminution.
a ^T^FIere is a perpetual fueceffion oEGenerati-
X tion, as well fimple as accidental, which j g,
proceeds from two Caufes^ Efficient^ the firft mover, and the Heavens, always moving, and always moved^ and Alaterial^ the firft matcer,of • which fdngnon-ens aG;ually,f/7T pot^tialIy,aH .. things generable and corruptible confift. This is incorruptible in its ft:lf,fufceptiblepf all forms,; whereby the corruption of one natural fubftance : becomech.the generation of' another^'liaffoever; matter remainech upgn the.Gorrupiion, being, aflumed towards the gen^r^tiofi of another.
Generation and Corri^Uon ■OA^XwoLolf fnin pie., of a fubrtance, ^'aVf ration of the lefs noble fufiftanep is calicd' ge-; mmv.on in refpeSf of’ the iiapre: ii.oble,-
as that of Earth in rep.efb.'of Ffte;
Corruption always fucceedeth Genera tion,be' caufe the Term, to which of Corruption (viz. non ens) is the Tcmi from which of Generation ^ and the Term to which of Generation (viz. ens in aff)is the Term from zvhich of Corruption.
The matter of that which is Generated, and that Which is corrupted is the fame, fbralmuch as they are and may be made reciprocally of one another, as Air of Water, Water of Air^ but differently difpofed. li 2 Alte-
b£at. 4.
c Clip. 5.
b Alteration and Generation are difterent mu¬ tations •, in alteration the fubjea remaineth en¬ tire, the afFeSlions only are changed, as oi fick, found ; in generation the whole is changed, not any fenfible fubje£l remaining. Alteration is a mutation according to quality, augmentation and diminution^ according to quantity, local motion according to place.
c Augmentation and diminution differ from other mutations •, firft, in the objeSl, generation and corruption concerns fubftances ; Alteration, quality ,Iation, place ^ augmentation and dimi¬ nution quantity. Again, in the manner,that which isgenerated,or corruptcd,or altered,not neceffari- ly changeth place, but that which augments or diminifheth, in fome manner changeth place,for it is bigger or lefler.
Augmentation is an addition to prteexiftent quantity •, diminution a detraQion- Whatfoever is augmented or decreafed, is augmented or de- creafed according to every part thereof, by re¬ ception of fomething throughout all parts ^ de- cretion on the contrary. The animate Body cn- creafeth, but not the aliment, for the living creature remaineth, the aliment is converted in¬ to the fubflance of the living creature. Hereup¬ on that which is augmented is like unto that which is altered, for both of thefe remain. All parts, of a living creature areau^ented^ the limilar firft , as bones and flefh 5 then the difli- milar, as confifting of the others.
Augmentation is made by acceffion, or fome¬ thing according to form, not according to mat¬ ter •, for by it the whole is augmented and made more fuch. Acceffion of parts, according to matter, is not augmentation, for by materials only (deftituteof that form, which the parts to be augmented have) the whole living crea¬ ture cannot encreafe. Aliment therefore, where¬ by the living creature is augmented , muft be the fame potentially which the thing augmented is in aft. At firft, it is contrary, and diffimilar, being in power the part' of a living creature, in aft fomething elfe : at laft it becometh affimi- late to the living creature, taking the form of a part (by aggeneration^ through the digeftive power of the animate body, which changeth the aliment into its own fubftance.
For this reafon augmentation prefuppofeth nutrition. 'Nutrition is, when the aliment as fubance is converted into the fame fubftance of the living creature. Augmentation, when the fame aliment as quantitative, is added to the quantity of the living creature. Hence a living CTeature as long as it is found, is always nourifh- ed, but not always augmented. As that which is added is potentially quantitative flefh, fo it can augment flefh as it is potentially flefh only, fo it nourifheth -, which when it can only do (as when fo much Wine is poured into Water that it turns all into Water) then there is a di¬ minution of the quantity, but the form remain¬ eth.
; l';\
CHAP. X.
Of /AUion and IdaJJion.
a ^^OntaEl is of feveral kinds, Mathematical.^ ^ ^
by contiguity j Vhyfical., when the treams of feveral Bodies meet, and mutually aft and fuff'er j virtual.^ by power, and meta¬ phorical.
b The mutual aftion and paffion'of Phyfical ^ 7-
contraft is betwixt things, partly unlike as to their form, partly like as to their genus (for they are contraries) matter ; each endeavouring to reduce the patient to his own likenefs, as fire, wood.
Every Yhy/ical agent in afting, fuffers from the Patient, for both the Agent, and Patient are aftive, endued with Forms Elementary, fufeep- tible of contraries. But as the firft mover is im- moveable.^ fo is the firft agent impajjible,
c Every thing afts, as it is fuch, aftually tc cap. fuffers, as it is fuch, potentially. The conditi¬ ons of Aftion and Paffion are five : i. What the Agent is in Aft, the Patient is in Powder. 2.
The Patient is fuch according to each part- 5.
That which is more difpofed, fuffers more, and fo on the contrary. 4. Every Patient is continu¬ ous, and not aftually divided. 5. The Agent muft neceffarily touch the Patient, either immediate¬ ly or mediately.
C H A P. XI.
Of Mixtion and Temperament,
•
a jwJxtion is not Generation, for the matter ^ gmer iy iVJ. is not fixt with the form j nor alterati- emupt. lib. i. on, for the quality is not mixed with the fub- wp. lo. jeft j nor augmentation, for aliment, the matter of augmentation, is not mixed with, but convert¬ ed into the animate body. Conjunftion of fmall bodies is not true mixtion, but co-acervation, for thofe bodies remain aftually in the lame,ac- cording to their forms, not compoling one third according to every part. Things which have not the fame matter, are notmixt, becaufethey can¬ not be aftive and paflive reciprocally.
Thofe things which are properly faid to ba mixed, muft have one common matter, they muft mutually aft upon, and fuffer one from a- nother ^ they muft be eafily divifible : yet, fo, as that one be not exceffive in refpeft of the other, for then it is not mixtion, but mutation into the more predominant, as a drop of Wine into a great quantity of Water.
b The principles and differences of Elements b De gemr.ifr (fenfible taftile Bodies) are taftile qualities, in co)rntpt. lib. 2. as much as by fuch qualities, fenfible bodies, - ,,
fiich, are conftituted and differ. Of taftile qua¬ lities there are feven Orders, Hot, Cold, Moift,
Dry, Heavy, Ligh t, Hard, Soft, Vifeous, Arid, Rug- ' ged, Smooth, Thick, Thin. From the tvvo firlt Orders are derived the differences of Elements, for by Heat and Cold,Humidity and Siccity,'they aft and, fuffer, and are^rnutually changed by alte- ratiy9|Paflions. Of thefe firft qualities two are aftive,Heat and Cold; tvyo Paflive, Humidity and Siccity. Heat is that which congregates homo-
gneous
•iv