Part V

coming into the Senate-lioufe, blamed the Ivlagi giftrates, that they had lb long luftered llich AmbalTadors to continue among|t them with¬ out any anfwer, who vt'ere able to perfwa^e them to any thing : wherefore he folt delired that fomething might be determined concerning their Embaflie, that they might be fent Each again to their own Schools, and inltruft the Sons of Grxciam^ and that the Roman youth might, as they did before , apply themselves to the obfervance of their own Laws and Ma- giftrates. This he did not out of anger to Gir- neades^2.% fome though, but out of an Ambiti¬ ous Emulation of the Greek Humanity and Literature.
CHAP. IV.
Hk Vertices and Apophthegms.
He was a Perfon infinitely Induflrious, lels converfantin Phyfick than Ethick, and fo ftudiousthat he negleflcd to cut his Hair and Nails. Valerius Maximm faith, he w^as fo ftu- dious, that when he lay down at Meals, his Thoughts were fo fixt, that he forgot to put his Hand to the Table, and that Melijja^ who lived with him as a Wife, was fain to put him in mind thereof, and help him.
He was fo eminent for Philofophy , that the Oratours themfelves would many times break up their Schools , and come and hear him.
He had a great and loud Voice, whereup¬ on the Gymnafiarch fent to him not to fpeak lb loud, whereto he anfwering, fend me the Meafure by which I Jhould fpeak •, the other wife¬ ly and appofitely replied, Tou have a Meafure. your Hearers.
He was lharply inveQive, and in Argument almoft invincible. He avoided Feafting, out of the reafon we mentioned , his great Ifudi- oufirefs.
One named Mentor a Bithynian.^ as Fhavori- faith, who had endeavoured to leduce a Mi- ftrefs that he kept, coming into the School, he prelently jefted at him, in turning thele words of Home}\
Hitherto comes one epprefi with hoary Tears.^ Hike Mentor in his Voice and Vooks appears^ Who from the School I charge you turn away.
The other rifing up replied.
He thus proclaim d.^ the ref did flrait obey.
to be mindful of a change, for that which is unexptfled is molt grievous.
He laid the Sons of Rich Men and Kings learn nothing well but Riding, for their Malter.s ph,t. di eid.v.'. flatter them ^ they who contelt with them, wil-eir' A’, if lingly yield to them but a Horle conliders not whether a private Man or a Prince, a poor Man or a Rich be on his Back, but if he can¬ not rule him, he throws his Rider.
He leetned to be extrcamly at'erle from Death, whence he often laid. Toe fame Nature zvhich hath put us together will difjolve us ^ aiicl hearing that Antipater died by drinking Foilbn,' he was a little animated by his conltancv in Death, and laid, Then give me loop they what, JV/ne, faith he.
In the midlt of the Night he was Truck blind, and knew not of it, but waking , bid his Servant bring a Light ^ the Servant did fo, telling him he had brought one, then, laid he, read you.
CHAP. V.
His lPea:h
res.
He lived according to or according to Cicero.,
L'aett.
* Being to difpute with Chryfppus., he purged
himfelf by white Hellebore to Inarpen his Wit, left any corrupt Humours in his Stomach might opprels the vigour and conftancy of his mind.
Sisb.Ser. 212. He compared Dialeblick to the Fifh
which when its Claws grow long, bites them off i fo Logicians, growing fubtle, confute their own affertions.
Laertius 85 years.
The words ^
of ^ Apollcdorus that he died in die fourth year of the i6 2d'01ynipiad, xvhichfall th upon’ the (52 (5th Year from the building of Rdme.^ may eafiiy be evinced to be falfe, by the«greatelf part of the Citcumftances of his Life ^ particu¬ larly from this ^ that Antonins in Cihro faith, when he went Prc-conful into Afia., he fbund Carneades the Academick at Athens., who oppo- led all in difpute, according to the manner of his Se£f. The Year of Antonius's Proconfulfliip was the (5 5 2d Year from the building of Rome.
But this account, as we faid before, is to be ap¬ plied to the time of his Birth, from which the 85th falleth upon the firft year of the iS4th Olympiad, the ^oth upon the fecond of the iS5th.
Laertius faith^ at his death there was a great Eclipfe of the Moon, which fome interpreted to proceed from a %mipathy with his Lois. ''
Upon this Eclipfe I conceive Fetavius ground- t
ed his computation of Carneades\ Death,when . „ a ,, , he faith, fit was upon firfyearof the ^
Olympiad. Aiay 2. fer. 2. horn ‘y. 4(5. 21 Athens.
But there being a miftake of the Year, there is confequently a greater in the account of the feria and hour.
Carneades., as Cicero faith, wrote four Books of fufpenfion of Af 'ent: He wrote likewife Epijiles to Ariarathes., King of Cappadocia^ the only Monument left behind him, extant in La¬ ertius’s time. Whatfoever elfe went under his Name, Laertius Ikith , was written by his DilcipleSjOf whom he had many, the moft emi- ' ■
nenc Ciitomachiis.
There are remembred tw'o more of this Name, one a Philofopher, Dilciple to Anaxago¬ ras mentioned by Suidas , the other an Lpi-
Plus, detoai^. mm.
He advifed Men in their greateft Proiperityi^‘ri7wwrf//rd' Foet, mentioned by
C L I T O.
A
part. VI.
PHILO,
225
CLITOMACHUS.
f Stephan. * Laei t.
» Lmt. LITOMACHUS wasa CarthdgiMa/t.,
V-/ Son of + Idwgnetus. He was firft called Ajdrubal^ as Plutarch and Laertius affirm,^ and profefled Philolbphy in his own Country, and native Language. Being forty Years old • he went to Athens., and heard Carneades., who being much taken with hiS Induftry, inllrufled and exercifed him in Philofophy. With Car- neades., Cicero faith he lived until he was old, and fucceeded him in the School, and chiefly illuftrated hisDoftrins by his Writings, the . niimber of which Books beihg above Four Hundred, were a fufficient Tenimony of his i Ctc. Ucad. t Induftry , and that he had no lefs of Wit^ Qtid. 4. Lacru Carneades of Eloquence. He was .well verled in three Sefts, the Academick-., Peri- patetick^ and Stoick.
Of his Books are remerhbred by Cicero., *cU' Tufc. S2if‘ one ^ of Confolation to his Captive Country- Men, Carthdge being then fubdued by the Ro- Acad. » another to t Cajus Lucilius the Poet, wherein he explained and defended the Aca- demick fulpenfion of Aflent, having written before of the.Iarae things to who
was Conful with M. Mani/ius , the fum of ? 4. which Difcourfe was this.
^The Aeademiclis hold there are fuch diflimi- litudes of things, that foms leem probable, others on the contrary. But this is not ground enough to fay that feme things may be percei¬ ved, others®cannot , beeaufe there are many fallc. that are probable, but no falfe can be perceived and known. Thole therefore
t Cici iiH. 4.
is not dny proper inherent note in tliefe of true and certain ; ( which having expounded, he addsj A Wile Man fufpends Aflent two ways j one, when [as we know] he abfolutely re- fufeth to aflent to any thing ^ another, when he with holds from anfwering, either in ap- probation, or ihiprobation of fomething, lb that he neither denieth nor aflerteth it. In the firft way he aflents to nothing, in the le- cohd he will follow Probability, and accor¬ ding as he finds it or not, anfwers yes or no.
He who with-holdeth his aflent from all things, is yet moved, and afteth fomething. He referves therefore thele phantafies by which we are excited toA£fton, andthofe of which being queftioned , we may anlwer on either part, only as of a thing that feemeth to us fo, but without aflerit •, neither are all fuch phan- talies ^proved, but only thole which are not obftr^Qed by any thing.
t In alferting gpod, he joined pleafure withtr/c. rfei hOnefty, as alfo did. quaSf.$.
^ He was a great Enemy to Rhetorick, as tolaus the Peripatetick., indCharmidiuwQTQ A fo. Arts they did not expel out of Cities, knowing them to be very profitable to Life,no more than they vjonld dxiYt Oeconomick out of Houles, or Shepherds from their Flocks ; but they all per- lecuted, and every where ejefted the Art of Speaking, as a moft dangerous Enemy.
t He compared Dialeflick to the Moon ,+‘^^*** whichisincontinudl encreafe or decreafe.
Falling lick he was taken with a Fit of ^*Sfgb.Ser.^t,
take away fenle 5 for they fay DOt,therd is no Colour., Sapor,ox Sound.,huX. dilpute, tl^t there
extreamly err, who affirm the Academic&s^ Lethargy, out of which he no fooner came, bur
h> laid,L^?w of Life Jhall flatter me no longer ; and thereupon with his own hands ended his life.
PHILO
^T\HILO ^was of LariJfa,hehezrdClitO’ Ethk. A many years, and is nam’d by
tus Empericus, as Conftitutor of a fourth Aca¬ demy •, but Cicero affirms, he dilallowed the di- ftinflion of Academies, and wrote exprelly to * cker. prftve the flrjl and the new Academy to be both one. ■^Whilft he] lived, the Academy t Plut.vit.cic. wanted not a Patron. + The Romans admir’d him, as Plutarch affirms,above all Clitomachus's Scholars, for his excellent difeourfe , and lo¬ ved him for the fweetnefs of his difpofition. Ctcero no fooner went out of the firft Schools and rudiments of Learning, but he became an Auditor of as he acknowledgeth him. ^Ifi
Among!! other excellent things (faith ^ Sto- * Edd^, Ethic, ktus) he gave this Divifion of Philofophy. He v compared Philofophy to a Phyfleian As the office of a Phyfician is firft to perfwade the lick per- fon to permit himfelf to be cured *, next to con¬ fute the reafons of his Adverfary : So is it of a Philofopher, both which conlift in Exhortati¬ on. Exhortation is a difcourle inciting to Vertucj whereof one part explaineth its great ufe, the orher refelleth Adverlaries, or fuch as any way calumniate Philofophy. The comparifon holds' in a fecond manner, thus : As the palrt of a Pliyliciauj’ after he hath perfwaded thepatient to admit of Cure, is to apply the means there¬ of/ as’ well to remove the caules of the Difeale,
F f as'
526
A N tA OCH V S.
Part. V
as to induce and fettle Health j fo is it in this Science. After Exhortation, he endeavoureth to apply the cure, by removing falfe opinions wherewith the Soul is infefted, and by fubfti- tuting true. In the fecond place therefore it treats of good and evil, for the fake of which the Exhortation was made. Thirdly, the com- parifon holds thus : As all Medicines refer to one fend, health, fo all Philofophy to Beati¬ tude. That part which treats of ends is joy- ned with another which treats of Life : For as in Medicme,itisnot fufficient to reftore health, unlels it likewife deliver Rules by which it may beprefervedj fo in Life,fome Precepts are required for conlervation of the end ; And this
part alfo is twofold ^ private, or common
-2.
One cohfiders the afiairs of particular perfons, .as, whether a wile Man Ihould manage a Common-wealth, whether he may live with Princes, whether he may Marry: The other coriliders the bufinefs of all in general^ as, what Common wealth is beft, how Magiftrates are to be cholen. This common part is called Tolitick^ and is treated of diftinftly by it lel^ as -being of greateft Latitude. Now if all were wile Men, there would be no need of more Places, for the more fubtle divifions would emerge ftom the Precedent. Butbecaufe there
muft likewife be a care of the middle fort ofjlolbphers at another.
Men, who cannot apply themfelves to long difputations, either through want of time, or ‘diverlion ofBufinels, there muft not be omit¬ ted a Treating of Precepts, which delivereth Ihort Rules concerning the ule of each.
As to the Stoical Judicatory, comprehenjive 'Phantajie^ he held all things to be incompre- henlible ; as to the nature of the things them- lelves, comprehenfible. Thus he took, away the comprehenjive Fhantajie allerted by Zeno.
He held that to be a good connex , which ^ beginneth from true and endeth in falle, as/>r//j. 41,2^ (if it be day, and I difpute) this, i/" it is day^ n.
I difpute ; According to which tenet there may be true axioms three ways, a falle only one ivay: For, when it beginneth from true, and endeth in true, it is true ^ as If it is day^ it is light : And when it beginneth from falle, and endeth in falfe, it is true 5 as,^ the Earth fies^ the Earth hath Wings. Likewife if it beginneth from falfe and endeth in true, it is true j as , .
If the Earth Jiies^ it is Earth. That which is falle, is that which beginneth from true, and endeth in falfe •, as. If it is day^ it is nigh for, the antecedent, it is day, is true 5 but the confequent, it is night, is falle.
He appointed, that ;he precepts of Oratonrsr„/> out . ) Ihould be delivered at one time, thole of Phi- ^ \
I'i
V
I
ANT I O G H U S.
» mt. vti.Ci. eer.
f Ck.Ac.qu.l,
\Acad.QH.^ rai .
^ Ck. de Leg. Itk. 2.
f Vit. Cker.
*Ck.Acad.
ftaft. 4.
t Sext.Empir. Fynh. Hypot.