part in primitive agriculture, vii.

113 sqq.
Women forbidden to spin under certain circumstances, i. 113 sq. ; observe cer- tain rules while the men are away hunting, L 120 sqq. \ forbidden to sew in the absence of whalers and warriors, i. 121, 128 ; observe certain rules while the men are away fighting, i. 127 sqq. ; forbidden to sleep by day in the absence of warriors, i. 127 sq. ; forbidden to cover their faces in the absence of warriors, i. 128 ; dance while the men
528
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
are at war, i. 131 sqq. ; dance to make crops grow tall, i. 139 n. ; employed to sow the fields on the principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 141 sq. ; who have borne many children employed to fertilize fruit-trees, i. 141 ; plough as a rain-charm, i. 282 sq. ; chief makes women fruitful, i. 347 ; worshipped by the ancient Germans, i. 391 ; married to gods, ii. 129 sqq. , 143 sq., 146 sq. , 149 sqq. \ fertilized by water -spirits, ii. 159 sqq. ; impreg- nated by fire, ii. 195 sqq. , 230 sq., vi. 235 ; alone allowed to make pottery, ii. 204 sq. \ tabooed at menstruation, iii. 145 sqq.t x. 76 sqq. ; tabooed at childbirth, iii. 1475^., x. 20; abstin- ence of men from, during war, iii. 157, 158 n.1, 161, 163, 164 ; in childbed holy, iii. 225 n. ; dying in childbed, precautions against the return of their ghosts, iii. 236, viii. 97 sq. ; blood of, dreaded, iii. 250 sq. ; not allowed to see the drawing of men's blood, iii. 252 n. ; not allowed to mention their husband's names, iii. 333, 335, 336, 337. 338« 339 I impregnated by dead saints, v. 78 sq. ; impregnated by serpents, v. 80 sqq. ; fear to be im- pregnated by ghosts, v. 93 ; impreg- nated by the flower of the banana, v. 93 ; excluded from sacrifices to Her- cules, v. 113 n.1, vi. 258 «.5; their high importance in the social system of the Pelew Islanders, vi. 205 sqq. \ the cultivation of the staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), vi. 206 sq. ; their social importance in- creased by the combined influence of mother-kin and landed property, vi. 209 ; their legal superiority to men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214; priests dressed as, vi. 253 sq. ; dressed as men, vi. 255 n.1, 257, 262 sqq. , 263 ; milk cows, vii. 118 ; influence of corn- spirit on, vii. 168 ; swear by the Pleiades, vii. 311 ; thought to have no soul, viii, 148 ; ceremonies per- formed by, to rid the fields of vermin, viii. 279 sq. ; impregnated by ghosts, ix. 1 8 ; as exorcizers, ix. 200 ; per- sonating goddesses, ix. 238 ; fertilized by effigy of a baby, ix. 245, 249; fer- tilized by mummers, ix. 249 ; put to death in the character of goddesses in Mexico, ix. 283 sqq. ; in hard labour.^charm to help, x. 14 ; who do not menstruate supposed to make gardens barren, x. 24 ; impregnated by the sun, x. 74 sq. \ impreg. nated by the moon, x. 75 sq. \ dread of menstruous, x. 76 sqq. ; at menstruation
painted red, x. 78 ; leap over Midsum- mer bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, x. 194, 339 ; fertilized by tree-spirits, xi. 22 ; creep through a rifted rocli to obtain an easy delivery, xi. 189 ; not allowed to see bull -roarers, xi. 234, 235, 242. See also Barren, Childless, Menstruous, Pregnant, and Sacred women
Women, barren, thought to sterilize gar- dens, i. 142; tied to wild fig-trees to be fertilized by them, ii. 316 ; passed through holed stones as cure for barren- ness, v. 36, with «.4, xi. 187; fertilized by being struck with stick which has been used to separate pairing dogs, ix. 264 ; hope to conceive through fertiliz- ing influence of vegetables, xi. 51
, living, regarded as the wives of
dead kings, vi. 191, 192 ; reputed the wives of gods, vi. 207
, pregnant, employed to fertilize
crops and fruit-trees, i. 140^.; taboos on, i. 141 n.1] wear garments made of bark of sacred tree, ii. 58 ; mode of protecting them against dangerous spirits, viii. 102 sq.
as prophetesses inspired by dead
chiefs, vi. 192 sq. \ inspired by gods, vi. 207
Women's clothes, supposed effects of touching, iii. 164 sq.
hair, sacrifice of, v. 38
race at harvest, vii. 76 sq.
11 speech" among the Caffres, iii.
335 *?• Wonghi or Wonghibon tribe of New
South Wales, ritual of death and
resurrection at initiation in the, xi.
227 Wonkgongaru tribe of Central Australia,
their magical ceremony for the multi- plication of fish, i. 90 Wood, fire kindled by the friction of, ii.
207 sqq., 235 sqq.t 243, 248 sqq., 258
sq. , 262, 263, 336, 366, 372. See also
Fire — , King of the, at Nemi, i. i sqq.,
ii. i sq., 378 sqq., iv. 28, x. 2, xi. 285,
286, 295, 302, 309 ; at Aricia, ix.
409 , Lord of the, prayed to by the
Gayos before they clear the forest, ii.
36 ; prayed to by the Gayos before
they hunt in the woods, ii. 125 Wood-spirits in goat form, viii. 2 sq. woman, stalks of corn left on the
harvest field for the, vii. 232 Woodbine as a charm to keep witches
from cows on May Day, ii. 53, ix. 267;
sick children passed through a wreath
of, xi. 184
GENERAL INDEX
529
Woodford, C. M., on offering of canarium nuts to ghosts, viii. 126 sq.
Woodmen, sacrifices offered by, at felling trees, ii. 14, 15 ; ask pardon of trees at felling them, ii. 18, 19 ; form blood- brotherhood with the trees which they fell, ii. 19 sq. ; ceremonies observed by, at felling trees, ii. 37 sqq.
Woodpecker (picus) said to have guided the Piceni, iv. 186 «.4 ; sacred among the Latins, iv. 186 ».4; brings the mythical springwort, xi. 70 sq.
Woods (forests), of ancient Europe, ii. jsq.t 3SQ sqq. I of England, the old, ii. 7 sq. \ of ancient Italy and Greece, ii. 8; of ancient Latium, ii. 188
Woods used in house-building, homoeo- pathic magic of, i. 146 ; species of, used in making fire by friction, ii. 248-252
Wootton-Wawen, in Warwickshire, the Yule log at, x. 257
Words tabooed, lii. 318 sqq, ; savages take a materialistic view of words, iii. 331. See also Language and Speech
, common, changed because they
are the names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq., 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq. ; tabooed, iii. 392 sqq.
, special, applied to the person and
acts of a sacred chief or king, i. 398, 401, 401 w.3 ; used by Scotch fowlers, iii. 393 sq. ; used by Scotch fishermen, iii. 393 sqq. ; used by German hunts- men, iii. 396 ; used by Nandi warriors, iii. 401 ; used by elephant-hunters in Laos, iii. 404 ; used by searchers for eagle-wood and lignum aloes in Indo- China, iii. 404 ; used by searchers for camphor in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo, iii. 405 sqq. used by Malay tin-miners, iii. 407 used by Malay fowlers, iii. 407 sq. used by Malay fishermen, iii. 408 sq. used by Achinese fishermen, iii. 409 used by gold-miners in Sumatra, iii 409 ; used by reapers in Nias, iii. 410^. used by the Javanese at night and in gathering simples, iii. 411; used by workers in the harvest-fields in Celebes, iii. 41 1 sq. ; used by the Toradjas of Celebes in the forest, iii. 412 sq. ; used by the Bugineese and Macassars of Celebes at sea, iii. 413 ; used by the Sangi Islanders at sea, iii. 414 ; used by the Kenyans of Borneo in poison- ing fish, iii. 415 ; used by reapers among the Tomori of Celebes, vii. 193
Wordsworth, W., on the pre-existence of the human soul, i. 104
York in huts of absent whalers tabooed,
i. 121 ; on holy days, the Flamen Dialis not allowed to see, iii. 14
"Working for need-fire," a proverb, x. 287 sq.
World regarded by early man as the pro- duct of conscious will and personal agency, i. 374; conceived as animated, ix. 90 sq. ; daily created afresh by the self-sacrifice of the deity, ix. 411
Worm, transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299
Wormeln, holy oak of, ii. 371
Worms, charm against, i. 152 ; souls of dead in, viii. 289 ; popular cure for, x. 17
Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium] , xi. 58 n.s ; burnt to stupefy witches, x. 345 ; superstitions concerning, xi. 61 n.1
Wororu, man supposed to cause con- ception in women without sexual inter- course, in West Australia, v. 105
Worship of trees, ii. 7 sqq. ; of the oak, ii. 349 sqq. , xi. 298 sqq. ; of mephitic vapours, v. 203 sqq. ; of hot springs, v. 206 sqq. ; of volcanoes, v. 216 sqq. \ of cattle, viii. 35 sqq. ; of animals, two forms of the, viii. 311 ; of snake, viii. 316 sq. ; paid to human representatives of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 282, 289, 293 ; of ancestors in Fiji, xi. 243 sq.
of ancestral spirits among the
Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 174 sqq. ; among the Khasis of Assam, vi. 203
of the dead, magic blent with the,
i. 164 ; perhaps fused with the pro- pitiation of the corn-spirit, v. 233 sqq. ; founded on the theory of the soul, vii. 181 ; among the Thay of Indo-China, ix. 97
of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 24
sq. ; in Africa, vi. 160 sqq. ; among the Shilluks, vi. 161 sqq. ; among the Baganda, vi. 167 sqq. ; among the Barotse, vi. 194 sq. ; an important element in African religion, vi. 195 sq.
of frogs by the Newars, i. 294 sq.
Worshipful animal killed once a yea*,
viii. 322 Worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure
fruit -trees and to stop up wells, vi.
in Worth, R. N., on burnt sacrifices in
Devonshire, x. 302 Worthen, in Shropshire, the Yule log at,
x- 257 Wotjobaluk tribe in Victoria, contagious
magic of clothes among the, i. 206 ;
their rain -making, i. 251 sq. ; their
notion as to falling stars, iv. 64 ; their
sorcery by means of spittle, iii. 288 ;
sex totems among the, xi. 215 sq. Wotyaks (Votiaks), the, of Russia, sacred
530
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
groves of the, H. 43 sq. \ their mar- riage of Keremet to the Earth -wife, iL 145 sq. ; their custom of leading a bride to the hearth, ii. 231 ; their annual festivals of the dead, vi. 76 sq. ; annual expulsion of Satan among the, ix. 155 sq.
Wound and weapon, contagious magic of, i. 201 sqq.
Wounded men not allowed to drink milk, iii. 174 sq.
Wounding the dead or dying, custom of, iv. 13 sq.
— — — were -wolves in order to compel them to resume their human shape, x. 308 sqq.
Wounds at reaping, customs and sayings as to, vii. 281, 285, 288, 296 ; self- inflicted, of inspired men, ix. 117 sq. \ St. John's wort a balm for, xi. 55
" between the arms" of Hebrew
prophets, v. 74 «.*
•• of the Naaman," Arab name for
the scarlet anemone, v. 226
Wrack (Hag), name given to last corn cut in Wales, vii. 142 sqq.
Wreath of woodbine, sick children passed through a, xi. 184
Wreaths of flowers thrown into water, divination from, ii. 339 ; as amulets, vi. 242 sq. \ of corn made out of last sheaf at harvest, vii. 134, 135 ; of flowers thrown across the Midsummer fires, x. 174 ; superstitious uses made of the singed wreaths, x. 174 ; hung over doors and windows at Midsummer, x. 201
Wren, hunting the, viii. 317^^., in the Isle of Man, viii. 318 sq.t in Ireland, viii. 319 sq.t in England, viii. 320, in France, viii. 320 sq. ; called the king of birds, viii. 317 ; superstitions as to the, viii. 317 sq., 319
Wrestling-matches in honour of the dead among the Kirghiz, iv. 97; at New Year festival among the Kayans, vii. 98 ; at festival of first-fruits in Tonga, viii. 131
Wright, Dr. Joseph, on hockey, vii. 147 n.1 ; on the mell- sheaf, vii. 152 «.
Wrist-bands as amulets, iii. 315
Wrists tied to prevent escape of soul, iii.
32. 43. S1
Wukari, in Nigeria, custom of king- killing at, iv. 35
Wunenberger, Ch., on kings as rain- makers in Africa, i. 348
Wiinsch, R. , on the Anthestcria, v. 235 if.1; on modern survivals of festivals of Adonis, v. 246 ; on Easter cere- monies in the Greek Church, v. 254 ft.
Wtlnschensuhl, in Thtiringen, the Har vest-cock at, vii. 276
Wurmlingen in Swabia, pretence of be- heading a leaf-clad mummer at Whit- suntide at, iv. 207 sq. ; the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231 sq.
, in Thiiringen, man who gives the
last stroke at threshing called he Barley-cow, Oats-cow, Peas-cow, , at, vii. 290
Wurtemberg, bushes set up on houses on Palm Sunday in, ii. 71 ; the Lazy Man on Midsummer Day at Ertingen in, ii. 83 ; thresher of last corn called the He-goat at Tettnang in, vii. 286 ; effigy of goat made out of last corn threshed at Ellwangen in, vii. 287 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 66 ; leaf-clad mummer at Midsummer in, xi. 26
Wurunjeri tribe of Victoria, recovery of lost soul in the, iii. 42 sq.
Wurzburg, Midsummer fires at, x. 165
Wuttke, A., on the superstitions con- nected with the Twelve Nights, ix. 327 «.4
Wyingurri, tribe of Western Australia, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 208
Wyld, E., on shrieks of tree-spirits, ii. 18
Wyse, Miss A. , on May Day custom at Halford in Warwickshire, ii. 89 n.1
Wyse, William, as to circumcision in the Old Testament, i. 101 ».2; as to the Greek custom of sacrificing to the dead on their birthdays, i. 105 «.* ; as to edible acorns in Don Quixote, ii. 356 n.9 ; as to Cretan sacrifices without the use of iron, iii. 227 «.2 ; on a reported Roman custom, iv. 144 ; on the causes of the downfall of ancient civilization, v. 301 n.2 ; as to the fixed and movable Egyptian festivals, vi. 35 «.2 ; as to a'. Egyptian festival of lights, vi. 51 n.1
Wyttenbach, D. , his emendation of Plu- tarch, ix. 341 n.1
Xanthicus, a Macedonian month, vii.
259 ».1 Xenophanes of Colophon, on the creation
of the gods in the likeness of men, iii.
387 ; on the Egyptian rites of mourning
for gods, vi. 42, 43 Xenophon, his rural home, i. 7 ; on
Triptolemus, vii. 54 Xeres, Fr., Spanish historian, on the
sacrifice of children among the Indians
of Peru, iv. 185 Xerxes in Thessaly, iv. x6x, 163 ; idenH
fied with Ahasuerus, ix. 360 Xilonen, Mexican goddess of the Young
Maize, ix. 285 ; woman annuallj
GENERAL INDEX
53i
•' sacrificed in the character of, ix.
285 sq. Ximanas, an Indian tribe of the Amazon,
kift all their first-born children, iv. 185
sq. Xipe, "the Flayed One," Mexican god,
ix. 297, 298, 299 ; statuette of, ix. 291 1 ; his festival of the flaying of men, 296 sqq. ; his image clad in the skin
of a flayed man, ix. 297 Xixipeme, men clad in skins of human
victims, in ancient Mexico, ix. 298,
299 Xnumayo tribe of Zulus, change of word
to avoid the use of chiefs name in the,
Hi. 377 Xochiquetzal, wife of Tlaloc, the Mexican
thunder-god, human sacrifices offered
to, vii. 237 Xomanas, an Indian tribe of the Rio
Negro in Brazil, drink the ashes of
their dead as a mode of communion,
viii. 157
Vabim (Jabim), tribe of German New Guinea, their treatment of the navel- string, i. 182 ; their custom at childbirth, iii. 151 ; drive away the ghosts of the murdered, iii. 170 ; precaution against the ghost of a murdered man among the, iii. 186 n.1 ; their use of magic knots in fishing-boats, iii. 306 ; avoid- ance of parents-in-law among the, iii. 342 ; unwilling to name the dead, iii. 354 ; tell stories to promote the growth of the crops, iii. 386 ; propitiate the souls of the dead for the sake of the crops, vii. 104 ; tell tales to get good harvests, vii. 104 sq. \ their offerings to the souls of the dead for the sake of the crops, vii. 228 ; their way of getting rid of caterpillars and worms, viii. 275 sq. \ their belief in the transmigration of some human souls into swine, viii. 295 sq. \ their custom of sending disease away in a small canoe, ix. 188 sq. ', girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 35 ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 232 ; rites of initiation among the, xi. 239 sqq.
Yaguas, Indians of the Amazon, girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 59
Yakut shamans, their descent into the lower world to recover lost souls, iii. 63 ; keep their external souls in animals, xi. 196
Yakuts, their charm to make the wind blow, i. 319 ; inspired sacrificial vic- tims among the, i. 384 ; leap over fire after a burial, xi. 18
Yakutsk, rain-making by means of.bezoa stones at, i. 305
Yam, island of Torres Straits, heroes worshipped in animal forms in, v. 139 n.1 ; treatment of girls at puberty in, x. 41
Yam vines, continence observed at the training of, ii. 105 sq.
Yams, magical stones to promote the growth of, in New Caledonia, i. 163 ; feast of, at Onitsha on the Niger, iii. 123; charm for the growth of, among the Kai of New Guinea, vii. 100, 101 ; cultivated in Africa, vii. 119 ; cultivated in South America, vii. 120, 121 ; cul- tivated in New Britain, vii. 123 ; dug by Australian aborigines, vii. 126 sq.
, ceremonies at eating the new, in
New Caledonia, viii. 53 ; in West Africa, viii. 58 sqq. , ix. 134
, festivals of the new, in West Africa,
viii. 115 sq. \ in Tonga, viii. 128 sqq.
Yang-Seri, prayers for the crops offered by the Banars of Cambodia to, viii.
33
Yaos, the, of British Central Africa, their fear of being photographed, iii. 97 sq. ; their offerings of first-fruits to the dead, viii. in sq.
Yap (Uap), one of the Caroline Islands, precaution as to the spittle of important people in, iii. 290 ; taboos observed by men for the sake of immature girls in, iii. 293; prostitution of unmarried girls in, vi. 265 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 36. See also Uap
Yaraikanna, the, of Northern Queens land, seclusion of girls at puberty among, x. 37 sq.
Yarilo, the funeral of, celebrated in Russia on June 29th, iv. 261, 262 sq. \ a per- sonification of vegetation, v. 253
Yarn, divination by, at Hallowe'en, x. 235, 240, 241, 243 ; sick children passed through a ring of, xi. 185
Yarra river in Victoria borders the Bad Country, iii. 109 ; treatment of girls at puberty among the aborigines of the Upper, x. 92 n.1
Yasawu Islands of Fiji, reverence for coco-nuts in the, ii. 12 sq.
Yassin, king of Fazoql, put to death, iv. 16
Yawning, soul supposed to depart in, iii.
3i
Year, beginning of, marked by appear- ance of Pleiades, vii. 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315; divided into thirteen moons, viii. 77 ; burning out the Old, ix. 165, 230 ».7; supposed representa- tives of the old, ix. 230 ; called a fire, x. 137. See also New Year
, the fixed Alexandrian, vi. 28, 49,
92
532
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Year, the Caffre, beginning of, marked by festival of new fruits, viii. 64 sq.
, theCeltic, reckoned from November
ist, vi. 81
, the Egyptian, a vague year, not
corrected by intercalation, vi. 24 sq.
— of God, a Sothic period, in ancient Egypt, vi. 36 n.2 ; began with the rising of Sirius, vi. 35
, the Great, in ancient Greece, iv. 70
, the old Iranian, vi. 67
, the Julian, vi. 28
, lunar, of old Roman calendar, ix.
232 ; equated to solar year by inter- calation, ix. 325, 342 sq.
, the old Roman, began in March, ix. 229
, the Slavonic, beginning of, ix. 228
, solar, length of, determined by the
Theban priests, vi. 26 ; intercalation of the, ix. 407 n.1 •
, the solar and lunar, early attempts
to harmonize, ix. 325^., 339, 341 sqq.
, the Teutonic, reckoned from
October ist, vi. 81
Year-man, the, in Japan, ix. 144
Years, cycle of eight, in ancient Greece, iv. 68 sqq. , vii. 80 sqq. ; mode of count- ing the, in Manipur, iv. 1 17 n, l ; named after eponymous magistrates, ix. 39 sq.
, the King of the, in Tibet, ix. 220,
221
Yegory or Yury, Russian name for St. George, ii. 332, 333. See St. George
Yehar-baal, king of Byblus, v. 14
Yehaw-melech, king of Byblus, v. 14
Yellow the royal colour among the Malays, i. 362, ix. 187
and black, face of human representa- tive of goddess painted, ix. 287
Yellow birds in magic, i. 79 sq.
colour in magic, i. 79 sqq.
— Day of Beltane, x. 293 Demeter, vii. 41 sq.
River, girls married to the, ii. 152
snow, the year of the, x. 294
things supposed to cure jaundice, i.
79 sqq. Yerkla - mining tribe of South - Eastern
Australia, their belief in the contagious
magic of wounds, i. 202 ; the headmen
medicine-men in the, i. 336 Yerrunthally tribe of Queensland, their
ideas as to falling stars, iv. 64 Yewe order, secret society in Togo, iii.
383 Yezidis, their belief as to New Year's
Day, iv. 117 Yezo or Yesso, Japanese Island, the Ainos
of, viii. 1 80, 185 Yibai, tribal subdivision of the Coast
Murring tribe, xi. 236
Yluta, in Mexico, bones of the dead preserved for the resurrection in, viii 259
Ynglmgar family, members of the, obtain kingdoms in. Norway through marriage, ii. 279 sq.
Ynglings, a Norse family, descended from Frey, vi. 100
Yoke, purification by passing under a, xi. 193 sqq. ; ancient Italian practice of passing conquered enemies under a, xi. 193 sq.
Yokuts, a tribe of Californian Indians, influence of rain-makers among the, i. 358
Yombe, the, of Rhodesia, their sacrifice of first-fruits to the dead, vi. 191, viii. 112 sq.
Yopaa, in southern Mexico, governed by a sacred pontiff, iii. 6
Yopico, temple in Mexico, ix. 299
York, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337, 338 ; custom formerly observed at Christmas, in the cathedral at, xi. 291 n.2
Yorkshire, custom as to the placentas of mares at Cleveland in, i. 199; May garlands (hoops) in, ii. 62 sq. ; the w£//-sheaf in, vii. 151 sq. ; "burning the Old Witch" on the last day of harvest in, vii. 224; first corn cut at harvest by clergyman in, viii. 51 ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.} \ belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 n.* ; Beal- fires on Midsummer Eve in, x. 198 ; the Yule log in, x. 256 sq. ; need- fire in, x. 286 sqq. ; witch as hare in, x. 317, xi. 197
Yoruba, West Africa, fear of strangers in, i. 103
-land, the paramount king of, iv.
203
race in the province of Lagos, iv.
112
-speaking negroes of the Slave
Coast eat the hearts of men to make themselves brave, viii. 149 sq.
Yorubas of West Africa, sanctity of the king's crown among the, i. 364 sq. ; rule of succession to the chieftainship among the, ii. 293 sq. ; their theory of a guardian spirit in the head, iii. 252 ; rebirth of ancestors among the, iii. 369 ; their custom of putting their kings to death, iv. 41 ; their custom after the death of a twin, viii. 98 ; their use of human scapegoats, ix. 211 sq. ; use of bull -roarers among the, xi. 229 n.
Young, Arthur, on ' ' hurling " for a bride in Ireland, ii. 305 sq.
Young, E. , on the ceremony of the first ploughing in Siam, iv. 150 n.
GENERAL INDEX
533
Young, Hugh W. , on the rampart of Burghead, x. 268 n.1
/ouVig, Issobell, buries ox and cat alive,
! ^1325
Voungest person cuts the last corn, viii. 158, 161
son, his name changed after his
mother's death in order to deceive her ghost, iii. 358
Younghusband, Sir Francis, in the desert of Gobi, ix. 13
Yourouks of Asia Minor, their sacred trees, ii. 43
Youth restored by the witch Medea, v. iSosq.', supposed to be renewed by sloughing of skin, ix. 302 sqq.
Youths and maidens, tribute of, sent to Minos, iv. 74 sqq.
Ypres, wicker giants at, xi. 35
Yu-d, spirits of the elements believed in by the Esquimaux, ix. 379, 380
Yucatan, Indians of, their way of detain- ing the sun, i. 318 ; Vestals in, ii. 245 sq. \ fire-worship among the Indians of, ii. 246 n.1 ; calendar of the Indians of, vi. 29 n. ; the Mayas of, ix. 171, 340 ; human blood smeared on face of idol at sacrifices in, ix. 256 w.3; fire- walk among the Indians of, xi. 13 sq.t 16
Yuchi Indians of Oklahoma, their festival of new fruits, viii. 75 ; their respect for their totems, viii. 311 n.1
Yuin tribe of South -East Australia, political power of medicine-men in the, i. 336 ; avoidance of wife's mother among the, iii. 84 ; totem names among the, iii. 320 ; their sex totems, xi. 216 ; totem names kept secret among the, xi. 225 n.
Yuki Indians of California, dances of their women while the men were away fighting, i. 133
Yukon River, the Lower, in Alaska, the Esquimaux of, their fear of being photo- graphed, iii. 96 ; their festivals of the dead, vi. 51 sq. ; their double- faced masks, ix. 380 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among them, x. 55
territory, Indians of the, place their
cut hair and nails in crotches of trees, iii. 276
Yule, Colonel Henry, on modes of executing royal criminals in the East, iii. 242
Yule Boar, a loaf baked in the form of a boar-pig in Sweden and Denmark, vii. 300 sqq.t viii. 328 ; often made out of the corn of the last sheaf, vii. 300 sq.t viii. 328; part of it mixed with the seed-corn, part given to the ploughmen and plough - horses or
plough-oxen to eat, vii. 301, viii. 43, 328
Yule cake, x. 257, 259, 261
candle, x. 255, 256, 260
Goat, the, personated by a man
wearing goat's horns at Christmas in Sweden, viii. 327 sq.
Island, Torres Straits, magical tele- pathy in, i. 121
log, x. 247 sqq. ; in Germany, x.
247 sqq. \ made of oak-wood, x. 248, 250, 251, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, 264 sq. , xi. 92 ; a protection against conflagration, x. 248 sq., 250, 255, 256, 258 ; a protection against thunder and lightning, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264 ; in Switzerland, x. 249 ; in Belgium, x. 249 ; in France, x. 249 sqq. ; helps cows to calve, x, 250, 338 ; in England, x. 255 sq. ; in Wales, x. 258 ;. among the Servians, x. 258^^.; a protection against witches, x. 258 ; in Albania, x. 264 ; privacy of the ceremonial of the, x. 328 ; ex- plained as a sun-charm, x. 332 ; made of fir, beech, holly, yew, crab-tree, or olive, xi. 92 n.z
Night in Sweden, customs observed
on, x. 20 sq.
ram, the, straw-effigy at Christmas
in Dalarne, viii. 328
straw in Sweden, magical virtues
ascribed to, vii. 301 sq.
Yules, the, in Shetland, ix. 168
Yumari, a dance of the Tarahumare Indians, ix. 237 sq.
Yung-chun, city in China, i. 170
Yungman tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, v. 101
Yuracares, the, of Bolivia, their super- stitions as to the making of pottery, ii. 204 ; their propitiation of the apes which they have killed, viii. 235 sq. ; take great care of the bones of the animals and fish which they eat, viii. 257 ; their practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 13 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 57 sq.
of Peru threaten the thunder- god,
ii. 183 n.2
Yuruks, pastoral people of Cilicia, v, 150 n.1
Zabern, in Alsace, May-trees at, ii. 64 ;
the goat or fox at threshing at, vii. 287,
297 Zadrooga, Servian house-community, x.
259 Zafimanelo, the, of Madagascar, their
seclusion at eating, iii. 116 Zagreus, a form of Dionysus, murdered
by the Titans, vii. 12 sq.
534
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
£akmuk or Zagmuk, the Babylonian festival of the New Year, iv. no sq.t 113, 115 sq.t ix. 356 sqq.
——and the Sacaea, iv. 113, 115 sqq.,
«• 355 W-« 399. 4<>2
Zambesi, the River, the Angoni to the north of, i. 291, iii. 174; short-handled hoes used by Caffres above the, vii. 116; the Makanga of the, viii. 287; belief in transmigration among the Caffres of the, vrii. 289; Sena-speaking people to the north of the, ix. 7 ; heaps of sticks and stones to which passers- by add on the, ix. 1 1
, the Lower, rain-maker at Boroma on, iii. 259
, the Upper, the Barotse of, i. 310
».7, 392, vi. 193, x. 28 ; the Maraves or Zimbas of, i. 393 «.a, viii. in ; tribes of, their belief in the homoeo- pathic magic of a flesh diet, viii. 141
Zanzibar, custom at sowing in, vii. 233
Zaparo Indians of Ecuador, their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139
Zapotecs of Mexico, their harvest customs, vii. 174 sq. ; their belief that their lives were bound up with those of animals, xi. 212
, the pontiff of the, rule of contin- ence observed by, iii. 6 sq. ; not allowed to set foot on ground, iii. 6, x. 2 ; the sun not allowed to shine on him, iii. 6, x. 19
Zaramamas, Maize-mothers, name given to certain maize-stalks or stones carved in the likeness of maize-cobs among the Indians of Peru, vii. 173 «.
Zas, name of priest of Corycian Zeus, v.
155 Zealand, the Rye-beggar at harvest in,
vii. 231 ; treatment of strangers at the
madder-harvest in, vii. 231 Zechariah on the mourning of or for
Hadadrimmon, v. 15 ».4; on wounds
of prophet, v. 74 «.4 29§kar-baal, king of Byblus, v. 14 Zela in Pontus, priestly kings at, i. 47 ;
Anaitis and the Sacaea at, ix. 370, 372,
373, 421 i*.1 ; Omanos and Anadates
at, ix. 373 n.1 Zemis of Assam, parents named after
their children among the, iii. 333 Zemmur, the, of Morocco, their Mid- summer custom, x. 215 Zend-Avesta, the, on cut hair and nails,
iii. 277 ; on the Fravashis, vi. 67 sq. Zengwih, in Burma, priestly king near,
iii. 237 Zenjirli in Syria, Hittite sculptures at, v.
134 ; statue of homed god at, v. 163 Zer, old Egyptian king, his true Horus
name Khent, vi. 20 n.1, 154. See Khent
Zerdusht and Isfendiyar, story oi, in Firdusi's Epic of Kings, x. 104 *
Zerka, river in Moab, the ancient Callir- rhoe, v. 215 n.1
Zeus, at Panamara in Caria, sacrifice of men's hair to, i. 29 ; mated with Artemis, i. 36; Spartan kings descended from, i. 48 ; Castor and Pollux the sons of, i. 49 ; rids himself of his love for Hera, i. 161 ; rain made by, i. 285 ; the priest of, makes rain by an oak branch, i. 309 ; mimicked by King Salmoneus, i. 310 ; crowned with chaplet of oak leaves at Dodona, ii. 177 ; Greek kings called, ii. 177, 361 ; at Olympia, the sacred white poplar of, ii. 220 ; priests of, at Dodona, ii. 248 ; Spartan kings sacrifice to, ii. 264 ; as god of the oak, the rain, the thunder, and the sky, ii. 358 sqq. ; his oracular oak at Dodona, ii. 358 ; prayed to for rain by the Greeks, ii. 359 ; father of Aeacus, ii. 359 ; tfoe sign-giving, on Mount Parnes, ii. ^60 ; his resemblance to Donar and ^ 364 ; his resemblance to Pen,t Perkunas, ii. 365, 367 ; as sky-gou, a. 374 ; his sanctuary on Mount Lycaeus, iii. 88 ; the fleece of, At6s K 312 n.3 ; the grave of, in Crete, iv. 3 ; oracular cave of, on Mount Ida in Crete, iv. 70 ; father of Minos, iv. 70 ; festival of, on Mount Lycaeus, iv. 70 n.1 x his transformations into animals, iv. 82 sq. ; the Olympic victors regarded as embodiments of, iv. 90 sq. ; swal- lows his wife Metis, iv. 192 ; saved by a trick from being swal- lowed by his father Cronus, iv. 192 ; his marriage with his sister Hera, iv. X94 1 g°d °f Tarsus assimilated to, v. 119, 143 ; Cilician deity assimilated to, v. 144 sqq. , 148, 152; the flower of, v. 186, 187 ; identified with Attis, v. 282 ; castrates his father Cronus, v. 283 ; the father of dew, vi. 137 ; the Saviour of the City, at Magnesia on the Maeander, vi. 238 ; his intrigue with Persephone, vii. 12 ; father of Dionysus by Demeter, vii. 12, 14, 66 ; said to have transferred the sceptre to the young Dionysus, vii. 13 ; said to have swallowed the heart of Diony- sus, vii. 14 ; his intrigue with Demeter, vii. 66 ; his temple at Olympia, viii. 85 ; his appearance to Hercules in the shape of a ram, viii. 172 ; cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 ; an upstart at Olympia, ix. 352 ; identified with the Babylonian Bel, ix. 389 ; and his
GENERAL INDEX
535
sacred oak at Dodona, xi. 49 sq.\ yrood of white poplar used at Olympia in* sacrificing to, xi. 90 n.1, 91 «.7
ZeusJ Corycian, priests of, v. 145, 155 ; temple of, v. 155
and Cronus, ii. 323
and Danae, how he visited her in a
shower of gold, x. 74
and Demeter, viii. 9 ; their marriage
perhaps dramatically celebrated in the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 138 sq.t vii. 65 sqq.
the Descender, places struck by
lightning consecrated to, ii. 361
, Dictaean, his sacred precinct in
Crete, ii. 122
and Dione at Dodona, ii. 189, 381
and Europa, iv. 73
the Fly-catcher, viii. 282
, the Fruitful One, ii. 360
, Heavenly, at Sparta, i. 47
and Hecate at Stratonicea in Caria,
v. 270 «.2, 227
and Hephaestus, x. 136
and Hera, sacred marriage of, ii.
loo sq. , 142 sq.t 359, iv. 91 ; sacrifices • «iin to, ii. 360 .nd Hercules, viii. 172
the Husbandman, ii. 360
Labrandeus, the Carian, v. 182
Lacedaemon, at Sparta, i. 47
, Laphystian, his sanctuary at Alus,
iv. 161 ; associated with human sacri- fices, iv. 162, 163, 164, 165, vii. 25 ; his sanctuary on Mount Laphystius, iv. 164
the Leader, Spartan king sacrifices
to, ii. 264
, Lightning, the hearth of, at Athens,
i. 33> «• 3°i
, Lycaean, on Mount Lycaeus, human
sacrifices to, ix. 353, 354
, Olbian, ruins of his temple at
Olba, in Cilicia, v. 151 ; his cave or chasm, v. 158 sq. ; his priest Teucer, v. 159 I a god of fertility, v. 159 sqq.
, Olybrian, of Anazarba in Cilicia,
v. 167 n.1
, Olympian, his temple at Athens,
ix- 35i
, Panhellenian, at Aegina, ii. 359
Papas, in Phrygia, v. 281 ».2
, Pelorian, in Thessaly, ix. 350
Polieus in Cos, ox sacrificed to,
viii. 5 «.a ; on the Acropolis of Athens, viii. 5, 7
, Rainy, the birthplace of, ii. 360 ;
sacrifices for rain to, ii. 360 , Showery, on Hymettus, ii. 360
Sosipolis at Magnesia on the
Maeander, ox sacrificed to, viii. 7
Subterranean, vii, 66, viii. 9;
sacrifices for the crops offered to, at
Myconus, vii. 66 Zeus, surnamed Thunderbolt at Olympia
and elsewhere, h. 361 and Typhon, battle of, v. 156 sq.%
1 60 , surnamed Underground, Greek
ploughman's prayer to, vii. 45, 50 the Wolf-god, on the Wolf- mountain
(Mount Lycaeus) in Arcadia, transfor- mation of men into were-wolves at his
festival, iv. 83 Zileh, the modern successor of Zela, ix.
370 n.2 Zimbales, a province of the Philippines,
superstition as to a parasitic plant in,
xi. 282 n.1 Zimbas or Muzimbas, of South - East
Africa, regard their king as a god, i.
392
or Maraves offer the first-fruits to
the spirits of the dead, viii. in
Zimmer, H. , on the Picts, ii. 286 «.a
Zimmern, Professor H., as to the myth celebrated at the Babylonian Zakmuk, iv. in n.1 ; on Mylitta, v. 37 w.1 ; as to Nabu and Marduk, ix. 358 n. ; on the distinction of Sacaea from Zakmuk, ix. 359 «.*; on the derivation of the name Purim, ix. 361 ».4 ; on the prin- cipal personages in the Book of Esther, ix. 406 ».a
Zimri, king of Israel, burns himself, v.
174 tf.2, 176
Zion, Mount, traditionally identified with
Mount Moriah, vi. 219 n.1 Zoganes, temporary king at Babylon,
put to death after a reign of five days,
iv. 114, ix. 355, 357, 365, 368, 369,
387, 388, 406 Zoilus, priest of Dionysus at Orchomenus,
iv. 163 Zombo-land, traps to catch the devil in,
iii. 69 n.* Zonares, on the triumphal crowns, ii.
175 n.1
Zoroaster, gods worshipped by the PersHfos before, ix. 389 ; on the uncleaoness of women at menstruation, x. 95
Zoroastrian fire-worship in Cappadocia, v. 191
Zoznegg, in Baden, Easter fires at, x.
MS Zulu custom of putting the king to death
when his strength failed, viii. 68 fancy as to eating forehead and
eyebrow of enemy, viii. 152 hunters, their use of magic knots,
iii. 306
king, dance of the, viii. 66
kings put to death, iv. 36 sq.
language, its diversity, iii. 377
536
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Zulu medicine - men or diviners, their shoulders sensitive to the Amatongo (ancestral spirits), v. 74 «.4, 75 ; their charm to fertilize fields, vi. 102 sq.
— women may not utter their husbands' names, iii. 333
Zululand, rain-making by means of the dead in, i. 286 ; children buried to the neck as a rain- charm in, i. 302 sq. ; hoes used by women in, vii. 116
Zulus, use made by them of twins in war, i. 49 «.8; foods tabooed among the, i. 1 1 8 sq, \ employ pregnant women to grind corn, i. 140 ; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212 ; their belief as to twins, i. 268 ; their rain-making by means of a "heaven -bird," i. 302 ; their superstition as to reflec- tions* in water, iii. 91 ; names of chiefs and kings tabooed among the, iii. 376 sq. \ their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 84 ; their observation of the moon, vi. 134 sq. \ the worship of the dead among the, vi. 182 sqq. ; their sacrifice of a bull to prolong the life of a king, vi. 222 ; women's part in agriculture among the, vii. 113 sq. \ their fences to keep wild boars from gardens, viii. 32 ; their festival of first-fruits, viii. 64 sqq. ; eat leopards, lions, etc., in order to become brave like the beasts, viii. 142 ; their charm for attaining old age, viii. 143 ; their inoculation, viii. 1 60 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 22, 30 ; fumigate
their gardens with medicated smoke, x* 337 J tneu" custom of fumigating sick cattle, xi. 13 ; their belief a/ to ancestral spirits incarnate in serjjents, xi. 211
Zulz, in Silesia, Midsummer fires at, x. 170
Ziindel, G. , on demonolatry in West Africa, ix. 74 sqq.
Zungu tribe of Zulus, special words used by them in order to avoid mentioning the name of their chief, iii. 376
Zuni Indians of New Mexico, their custom of killing sacred turtles, viii. 175 sqq. , ix. 217 ; their totem clans, viii. 178 ; their ritual at the summer solstice to ensure rain, viii. 179 ; their new fires at the solstices, xi. 132 sq. ; use of bull- roarers among the, xi. 230 n.t 231
Zurcher Oberland, Switzerland, charm to make a cherry-tree bear in, i. 141
Zurich, effigies of Winter burnt after the spring equinox at, iv. 260 sq. , x. 120 ; the Canton of, the Corn-mother in, vii. 232 ; the Thresher- cow at threshing in, vii. 291 ; the last sheaf called the Fox in, vii. 297
Zygadenus elegans, Pursch. , roots of, in- serted in eyes of dead grouse by father of pubescent girl among the Thompson
v Indians, viii. 268
Zytniamatka% the Corn -mother, repre- sented by a woman who pretends to give birth to the Corn-baby on the harvest field (Prussian custom), vii. 209
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