IX. 21, 22

•Sais, in Egypt, the festival of Osiris at, vi. 49 sqq. ; the grave of Osiris at, vi.
50
Sakai, the, of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among, i. 360 ; difference of dialect between husbands and wives among the, iii. 348
Sakalavas (Sakkalavas) of Madagascar, the worshipful sovereign of the.i. 397^. ; their chiefs not allowed to sail the sea or cross rivers, iii. 10 ; taboos observed by their chiefs, iii. 10 sq. \ taboo on mentioning personal names among the, iii. 327 ; customs as to names of dead kings among the, iii. 379 sq. ; sanctity of relics of dead kings among the, iv. 202 ; their worship of a black bull, viii. 40 n.
Sakarang Dyaks of Borneo, their euphemisms for smallpox, iii. 416
Sakkalava. See Sakalavas
Sakkara, in Egypt, pyramids at, vi. 4
Sakvarl song, ancient Indian hymn, supposed to embody the might of- the thunderbolt, i. 269 sq.
Sdl tree, festival of the flower of the, among the Oraons, ii. 76^., 148, v. 47
— — trees, sacred groves of, among the Khonds, ii. 41 ; evil spirits of, among the Parahiya of Mirzapur, ii. 42
Salacia and Neptune, vi. 231, 233
Salagrama, fossil ammonite, an embodi- ment of Vishnu, ii. 26, 27 ».2 ; married to the tulasi plant, ii. 26 sq.
Salamis in Cyprus, human sacrifices at, iv. i66n.1, v. 145; dynasty of Teucrids at, v. 145
Saldern, near Wolfenbuttel, the Corn-
maiden at, at the end of reaping the rye at, vii. 150
Sale, nominal, of children, to deceive dangerous spirits, vii. 8
Salee, in Morocco, Midsummer fires at, x. 214, 216
Salem, Melchizedek, king of, v. 17
Saleyer, island off Celebes, certain words tabooed to sailors of, iii. 413 sq.
Salian Franks, custom as to the re-mar- riage of a widow among the, ii. 285
Salic law, re-marriage of widow under, ii. 285
Saligne, Commune de, Canton de Poiret, pretence of threshing the farmer's wife in, vii. 149 sq. '
Salih, a prophet, annual festival of Bedouins at his grave in the Sinaitic Peninsula, iv. 97
Salii, the hymns of the, ii. 383 n* ; the dancing priests of Mars, ix. 231 sqq. ; rule as to their election, vi. 244
Salisbury, May garlands at, ii. 62 ; the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337, 338 ; Mid- summer giants at, xi. 37 sq.
Salish or Flathead Indians, artificial deformation of the head -among the, ii. 298 ; recovery of lost souls among the, iii. 66 ; their sacrifice of their first- born children to the sun, iv. 184 ; ceremonies observed by them before eating* the first wild berries or roots of the season, viii. 80 sq.
Salmon, twins thought to be, i. 263 ; shamans responsible for supply of, i. 358 ; taboos concerning, iii. 209 ; resur- rection of, viii. 250 ; ceremonies at catching the first salmon of the season, viii. 253 sq., 255
Salmoneus, king of Elis, his mock thunder and lightning, i. 310, iv. 165 ; personated Zeus, ii. 177 ; killed by a thunderbolt, ii. 181
Salono, a Hindoo festival, v. 243 n.1
Salop (Shropshire), fear of witchcraft in, x. 342 «.4
Salsette, island near Bombay, use of iron as a talisman in, iii. 234, 236 ; locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296
Salt, abstinence from, i. 124, 266, ii. 98, 105, 149, 248, viii. 75, 93 ; burnt to disperse fog, i. 314 ; as a charm, ii. 331 ; not to be eaten, iii. 10, 167, 182, 184, 194, 195, 196, viii. 190, 195, x. 19, 20, 60, 68, 69 ; name of, tabooed, iii. 401 ; the Mexican goddess of, ix. 278, 283 ; used in a ceremony after marriage, x. 25 sq. ; abstinence from, associated with a rule of chastity, x. 26 sqq. ; not to be handled by menstruous women, x. 81 sq.t 84; divination by, x. 244
446
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Salt cake, divination by, at Hallowe'en, x. 238 sq.
. -makers worship the goddess of Salt, ix. 283 ; their dance, ix. 284
-pans, the divinity of, incarnate in
a woman, i. 410 ; continence observed by workers in, iii. 200
Saluting the rising sun, a Syrian custom, ix. 416
Salvation of the individual soul, import- ance attached to, in Oriental religions, v. 300
Salza district, ashes of pig's bone mixed with seed-corn in the, vii. 300
Salzburg, processions round the fields on St. George's Day in, ii. 344 ; harvest custom in, vii. 146 ; Queen of the Corn-ears in, vii. 146 ; the Perchten maskers in, ix. 240, 242 sqq.
Salzwedel, Whitsuntide king at, ii. 84 ; in the Altmark, the He-goat at harvest near, vii. 287
Sanmgitians, their sacred groves, ii. 43 ; deemed birds and beasts of the woods sacred, ii. 125 ; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 75
Samal, in North -Western Syria, Bar- rekub king of, v. 15 sq.
Samarai Archipelago, off New Guinea, Logea in the, iii. 354. See Logea
Samarcand, homoeopathic charms ap- plied to babies in, i. 157 ; ceremonies to cause cold weather at, i. 329 n. 1 ; New Year ceremony at, iv. 151 ; tem- porary king at, iv. 151
Samaria captured by Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, iv. 169 ; the fall of, v. 25
Samaveda, the, ancient Indian collection of hymns, i. 269
Samban tribe of Dyaks, their belief as to the influence of Rajah Brooke on the crops, i. 362
Sambawa, East Indian island, human foundation-sacrifices in, iii. 91
Sambee, title signifying god, applied to the king of Loango, i. 396
Sambucus e&u/us, dwarf elder, in rain- making, i. 273
Samhain, All Saints' Day (November ist), New Year's Day in Ireland, x. 225
Eve of (Hallowe'en), new fire
kindled in Ireland on, x. 139, 225 ; Irish New Year dated from, x. 139, 225 ; fiends and goblins let loose on, x. 226
Samhanack, Hallowe'en bogies, x. 227
Samhnagan, Hallowe'en fires, x. 230
Sami wood (Prosopis spicigera), used by the fire -priests of the Br ah mans in kindling fire, ii. 248, 249, 250 «.
Samland, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139; "Easter Smacks" in, ix.
269 ; fishermen will not go to sea on Midsummer Day in, xi. 26
Samnites, marriage custom of the, ii. 305 I guided by a bull, iv. 186 «.4 ; traced their origin to a " sacred spring," iv. 186
Samoa, mode of determining a child's guardian god in, i. 100 n.1 ; gods of, in animal and human form, i. 389 ; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood -royal in, i. 401 «.3 ; bleeding trees in.ii.so ; the turtle clan in, their custom at cutting up a turtle, iii. 122 ; persons who have handled the dead not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 140 ; names of chiefs not to be pronounced in, in. 382 ; expiation for disrespect to a sacred animal in, iv. 216 sq. \ circumcision practised in, iv. 220 ; conduct of the inhabitants in an earth- quake, v. 200 ; butterfly god m, viii. 29 ; the Wild Pigeon family in, viii. 29. See also Samoan and Samoans
Samoan nobility, their perpetual fires, ii. 261
story of the recovery of a sick man's
soul, iii. 65 ; of woman who was im- pregnated by the sun, x. 74 sq.
Samoans, their sacrifices of first-fruits, viii. 132 ; reckon their time by the periodic appearance of a sea- slug, ix. 142 n.1
Samon, a month of the Gallic calendar, ix. 343
Samorin, title of the kings of Calicut, iv. 47 sq.
Samos, sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera in, ii. 143 n.1 \ the month of Cronion in, ix. 351 n.2
Samothrace, Cadmus in, iv. 89 «.•*
Samothracian mysteries, iv. 89
Samoyed shamans, their familiar spirits in boars, xi. 196 sq.
story of the external soul, xi. 141^.
women thought to pollute things by
stepping over them, iii. 424
Samoyeds of Siberia reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; cut out the eyes of the wild reindeer which they kill, viii. 268
Sampson, Agnes, a Scotch witch, ix. 38
Samsi-Adad, king of Assyria, husband of Shammuramat (Semiramis), ix. 370 n.1
Samson, his burning the crops of the Philistines, vii. 298 n. ; effigy of, carried in procession of giants, xi. 36 ; an African, xi. 314
Samuel, the prophet, consulted about asses, v. 75 ; meaning of the name, v. 79
and Saul, v. 22 *
GENERAL INDEX
447
Samyas monastery near Lhasa, the King of the Years annually detained for seven days in the, ix. 220
San Cristoval, in the Solomon Islands, ghosts supposed to imprison souls in, iii. 56 ; mode of sacrificing a pig in, iii. 247
San Juan Capistrano, in California, Spanish mission at, viii. 169, 171 n.1
, Indians of, their ceremony at the
new moon, vi. 142 ; women's work among the, vii. 125 ; their calendar, vii. 125 sq. \ ordeal of nettles and ants among the, x. 64
San Pellegrino, church of, at Ancona, the sarcophagus of St. Dasius in the, ix. 310
San Salvador in West Africa, native belief as to the soul of the king of, xi, 200
Sanctity, uncleanness, and taboo, their equivalence in primitive thought, iii. 285
of the head, iii. 252 sqq. ; of the
corn, viii. no
or pollution, their equivalence in
primitive religion, iii. 145, 158, 224
and uncleanness not clearly differen- tiated in the primitive mind, x. 97 sq.
Sanctuary of Balder on the Sogne fiord in Norway, x. 104
Sand, souls of ogres in a grain of, xi. 120
Sanda-Sarme, a Cilician king, father-in- law of Ashurbanipal, v. 144
Sandacus, a Syrian, father of Cinyras, v. 41
Sandal of Perseus, at C hem mis in Upper Egypt, iii. 312 ».2
Sandan, legendary or mythical hero of Western Asia, v. 125 sqq., ix. 368, 388 sqq. ; the burning of, v. 117 sqq. ; identified by the Greeks with Hercules, v. 125, 143, 161, ix. 388 ; said to have founded Tarsus, v. 126 ; burnt in effigy on a pyre at Tarsus, v. 126, ix. 389 ; monument of, at Tarsus, v. 126 n.2 ; his figure on coins of Tarsus, v. 127
(Sandon, Sandes), Cappadocian and
Cilician god of fertility, v. 125
and Baal at Tarsus, v. 142 sq., 161
Sandanis the Lydian, dissuades Croesus from marching against the Persians,
H. 3iS Sanderval, O. de, on dances at sowing
in West Africa, ix. 235 Sandes, identified with Hercules, ix. 389.
See Sandan
Sandflies imitated by maskers, ix. 381 Sandhill, in Northumberland, Midsummer
fires at, x. 198 Sandon, or Sandan, name of the Lydian
and Cilician Hercules, v. 182, 184, 185 ; a Cilician name, v. 182. See Sandan
Sandu'arri, a Cilician king, v. 144
Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), the king personated the god in the, i. 377 ; precaution as to the spittle of chiefs in the, iii. 289; belief in transmigration among natives of the, viii. 292 sq. See also Hawaii
Sanga, in Angola, all fires extinguished at death of king of, ii. 262
Sangerhausen, Midsummer fires near, x. 169
Sangi group of islands in the East Indies, Siaoo in the, ii. 33, iii. 288, iv. 218. See Siaoo
Islanders use a special language at
sea, ni. 414
Sangro, river, in Italy, x. 210
Samng Sari, rice-goddess, among the Minangkabauers of Sumatra, repre- sented by certain stalks or grains of rice, vii. 191, 192
Sanitation improved through superstition, iii. 130
Sankara and the Grand Lama, iii. 78
Sankuru River, in the Belgian Congo, xi. 264
Santa Catalina Istlavacan, birth-names of the Indians of, xi. 214 n.1
Santa Cruz, Melanesian island, wind- charm in, i. 321 ; avoidance of rela- tions by marriage in, iii. 344
and Reef Islands, the rain-doctor
in the, i. 272
Santa Felicita, successor of Mentis, V.
205 Santa Maria Piedigrotta at Naples,
church of, illuminated on the Nativity
of the Virgin, x. 221 Santals, their belief as to the absence of
the soul in dreams, iii. 38 ; swinging
as a religious or magical rite among
the, iv. 279 Santiago (St. James), name given by the
Peruvian Indians to one of twins, i.
266 ; the horse of, i. 267
Tepehuacan, Indians of, their
homoeopathic magic at sowing, plant- ing, and fishing, i. 143 ; propitiate a tree before felling it, ii. 37 ; recovery of child's lost soul among the, iii. 67 sq. ; their dread of noon, iii. 88 ; their custom at sowing, v. 239 ; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 55 ; transfer sickness to a well, ix. 4 ; their fast at sowing, ix. 347 n.4
Santorin, island of, its volcanic activity,
v. 195
Santos, J. dos, on custom of putting kings of Sofala to death, iv. 37 sg.
448
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Saone-et-Loire, the last sheaf called the Fox in, vii. 296, 297
Saparoea, East Indian island, fishermen's magic in, i. 109 ; hunter's magic in, i. 114 ; treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187
Sapoodi Archipelago, the name Sapoodi tabooed to sailors at sea, iii. 414
Sapor, king of Persia, how he took the city of Atrae, x. 82 sq.
Sappho, on the mourning for Adonis, v. 6 n? \ on Adonis and Linus, vii. 216
Saqqarah, ancient Egyptian relief from, ix. 260 «.8
Saracus, last king of Assyria, v. 174
Saragacos Indians of Ecuador, their seclusion of women at childbirth, iii. 152
Sarah and Abraham, ii. 114
Sarajevo, need-fire near, x. 286
Sarawak, the Berawans of, i. 74 ; taboos observed by women during the search for camphor in, i. 124 sq. ; the Sea Dyaks of, i. 127, ix. 154 ; the Dyaks of, i. 361, iii. 67, 339, iv. 277, vii. 314, viii. 152 ; custom at making a clearing in the forest in, ii. 38 sq. ; head-hunting in, v. 295 sq.
Sarcolobus narcoticus, deceiving the spirit of the plant, ii. 23 sq.
Sardan or Sandan, the burning of, at Nineveh, ix. 389 sq. See Sandan
Sardanapalus, legendary Assyrian mon- arch, his monument at Tarsus, v. 126 ».2 ; his monument at Anchiale, v. 172 ; his death on the pyre, v. 172 sqq.t ix. 387 ; confounded with Ashurbanipal, v. 173 sq. , ix. 387^. ; his effeminacy, vi. 257, ix. 387 sq. ; perhaps personated by the king of the Sacaea, ix. 368, 387 sq. ; his epitaph, ix. 388
and Hercules, v. 172 sqq.
Sardes in Lydia, ix. 389, 391 ; captured by Cyrus, v. 174 ; lion carried round acropolis of, v. 184, vi. 249
Sardines worshipped by the Indians of Peru, viii. 250
Sardinia, Sweethearts of St. John at Mid- summer in, ii. 92, v. 244 sq. ; blood- revenge in, ii. 321 ; gardens of Adonis in, v. 244 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, v. 245, x. 209
Sargal, in India, gardens of Adonis at, v. 243
Sariputi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of the rice offered to dead ancestors at, viii. 123
Sarmata Islands, marriage of the Sun and Earth in the, ii. 98 sq.
Sarmatian tribe moulded the heads of their children artificially, ii. 297
Sarn, valley of the, in Salzburg, the Perchten maskers in the, ix. 245
Sarna, the sacred grove of the Oraons, ii. 76
Sarna Burhi, goddess of the sacred grove, among the Oraons, ii. 76 sq.
Saron, ancient king of Troezen, perhaps a duplicate of Hippolytus, i. 26 ».8
Saronic Gulf, Hippolytus on the shore of the, i. 19
Sarpedonian Artemis, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171
Sarum use, service-books of the, ix. 338
Sasabonsun, earthquake god of Ashantee, v. 201
Sassaks, the, of Lombok, their concep- tion of the rice-spirit, vii. 201
Satan annually expelled by the Wotyaks, ix. 155 sq. ; annually expelled by the Cheremiss, ix. 156 ; preaches a sermon in the church of North Berwick, xi. 158 ; brings fern-seed on Christmas night, xi. 289
Satapatha Brdhmana, on the consecra- tion of the sacnficer, i. 380 ; on the confession of sins, iii. 217 ; on tran- substantiation, viii. 89 ; on the sun as Death, xi. 174 n.1
Satirical poems, Arab curses conveyed in, iii. 312
Saturday, persons born on a, can see ghosts, iii. 89, x. 285
, Easter, new fire on, x. 121, 122,
124, 127, 128, 130
, Holy, effigy of Queen of Lent
beheaded on, iv. 244
Saturn, Roman god, his temple at Rome, i. 10 sq. ; personified at the Satur- nalia, ii. 310 sq. ; the god of the seed, ii. 311; his festival the Saturnalia, ii. 311, ix. 306 sqq. \ perhaps personified by Roman kings, ii. 311, 322 ; the husband of Ops, vi. 233 ; the old Roman and Italian god of sowing, ix. 232, 306, 307 n.1, 346 ; (Cronus), sacrifice to, at Cyrene, ix. 253 ».8; man put to death in the character of, ix. 309 ; dedication of the temple of, ix. 345 n. l ; perhaps represented by a dynasty of sacred kings, ix. 386
and the Golden Age, ix. 306, 344,
386
— , — and Jupiter, ii. 323
and Lua, vi. 233
, the planet, malignant influence of,
iii. 315 I its period of revolution round the sun, vi. 151 sq.
Saturnalia, the Roman, ii. $iosqq. , ix. 306 sqq. \ how celebrated by Roman soldiers on the Danube, ii. 310, ix. 308^. ; Saturn personified at the, ii. 310 sq.% ix. 309; the festival of sowing, ii. 311 sq. ; the
GENERAL INDEX
449
King of the, ii. 311, ix. 308, 311, 312; licence granted to slaves at, ii. 312, ix. 307 sq. ; its relation to the Car- nival, ix. 312, 345 sqq. \ its relation to Lent, ix. 345 sqq.
Saturnalia, licentious festival in general, at the marriage of Sun and Earth in Led, Sarmata, and other East Indian islands, ii. 99 ; traces of, at May Day and Whitsuntide, ii. 272 ; preceding the trial and execution of kings at Fazolglou on the Blue Nile, iv. 16 ; at ceremonies of the new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62 sq. ; at ceremonies of new fruits among the Pondos, viii. 66 sq. • at New Year among the Iroquois, ix. 127 ; at harvest among the Hos and Mundaris of North-Eastern India, ix. 136 sq. ; such licentious festivals generally precede or follow an annual expulsion of evils, ix. 225 sq. \ modern European analogies in Twelfth Night, the Festival of Fools, the Lord of Mis- rule, etc., ix. 312 sqq. ; in ancient Greece, ix. 350 sqq. ; in Western Asia, ix. 354 sqq. \ wide prevalence of such festivals, ix. 407 sqq. ; at cele- bration of puberty of a princess royal among the Zulus, x. 30 sq. ; at New Year among the Swahili, x. 135 ; traces of, at Christmas, xi. 291 n.z
Saturnine temperament of the farmer, vi. 218
Satyrs in relation to goats, viii. i sqq.
Saucers, divination by seven, on Mid- summer Eve, x. 209
Sauks, an Indian tribe of North America, their fast before war, iii. 163 «.2 ; effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 255
Saul, burial of, v. 177 ».4
and David, v. 21
Saul's madness soothed by music, v. 53,
54
Savage, the, hidebound by custom, i. 217 ; a slave to the spirits of his dead forefathers, i. 217 ; his awe and dread of everything new, iii. 230 ; our debt to, iii. 419 sqq. ; not illogical, Viii. 202 ; his belief that animals have souls, viii. 204 sqq. ; unable to discriminate clearly between animals and men, viii. 206 sqq.t 310 ; his faith in the immor- tality of animals, viii. 260 sqq. ; ob- servational powers of, ix. 326 ; secre- tiveness of, xi. 224 sq. ; his dread of sorcery, xi. 224 sq.
Savage community, the, ruled by a council ot elders, i. 216 sq.
conception of deity different from
ours, i. 375 sq.
• custom the product of definite
reasoning, iii. 420 n.1
Savage Island, contagious magic of fool- prints in, i. 208 ; kings killed on account of dearth in, i. 354 sq. ; cessa- tion of monarchy in, iii. 17 ; castaways and returned natives killed in, iii. 113 ; mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 219^7.
philosophy, iii. 420 sq.
Savagery, the rise of monarchy essential to the emergence of mankind from, i. 217 ; underlying civilization, i. 236
Savages believe themselves naturally immortal, iv. i ; not to be judged by European standards, iv. 197 sq. ; lament for the animals and plants which they eat, vi. 43 sq. ; apologize to the animals which they kill, viii. 221 sqq. ; their regulation of the calendar, ix. 326
Savile, Lord, his excavations at Nemi
i. 3 «.2
Saviour Gods, title bestowed by the Athenians on Demetrius Poliorcetes and Antigonus, i. 390
Savo, one of the Solomon Islands, shark- ghost in, viii. 297
Savou, island of, treatment of the after- birth in, i. 190 ; dread of children who resemble their parents in, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression)
Sawan, Indian month, v. 242 ; corre- sponding to August, ii. 149
"Sawing the Old Woman," a Lenten ceremony, iv. 240 sqq.
Saws at Mid-Lent, iv. 241, 242
Saxe-Coburg, the Old Woman at harvest in, vii. 139
Saxo Grammaticus, old Danish historian, x. 102 n.1 ; as to ceremony of standing on stones, i. 160; on kingship obtained by marriage, ii. 280 sq. ; on the story of Hamlet, ii. 281 «.2 ; on under- standing the speech of animals, viii. 146 ; his account of Balder, x. 103
Saxons, marriage with a stepmother among the, ii. 283 ; their vow, iii. 262
of Transylvania, precautions
against witches on St. George's Eve among the, ii. 337 sq. ; loose knots and unlock locks at childbirth, iii. 294, 296 ; the hanging of an effigy of Carnival among the, iv. 230 sq.\ 14 Carrying out Death" among the, iv. 247 sqq. ; their custom at maize harvest, iv. 254; harvest custom of the, v. 238 ; gird themselves with corn at reaping to prevent pains in the back, vii. 285 ; their belief as to a quail in the last corn, vii. 295 ; their customs at sowing, viii. 274 sq. ; story of the external soul among the, xi. 116
Saxon cure for rupture, ix. 52
450
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Saxon kings, their marriage with their step-mothers, iv. 193
story of soul as mouse, iii. 39 n. 1
Saxony, May or Whitsuntide trees in, ii. 68 sq. ; the Bridal Pair at Whitsun- tide in, ii. 91 ; sacred oaks in, ii. 371 ; Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 208 ; custom of "carrying out Death" in, iv. 236 ; Westerhiisen in, vii. 134 ; harvest customs in, vii. 134, 149 ; the last sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 137 ; Oats- bride and Oats-bridegroom at harvest in, vii. 163 ; fires to burn the witches in, x. 160
« , Lower, the need-fire in, x. 272
, the Wends of, ii. 69, vii. 149, xi.
297 ; their precautions against witches, ix. 163
Sayce, A. H. , on kings of Edom, v. 16 ; on name of David, v. 19 w.2
Sayids in India think that a sna^e should never be called by its proper name, iii. 401 sq.
Scaloi, Drought, effigy of, used by the Roumanians in a rain-making cere- mony, i. 274
Scamander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162
Scanderbeg, Prince of Epirus, his bones used as talismans by the Turks, viii. 154
Scandinavia, female descent of the king- ship in, ii. 279 sq.
Scandinavian custom of the Yule Boar, vii. 300 sqq. ; of the Yule Goat, viii. 327
Scania, province of Sweden, Midsummer fires in, x. 172
Scapegoat, plantain - tree as a, ix. 5 ; decked with women's ornaments, ix. 192 ; Jewish use of, ix. 210; a material vehicle for the expulsion of evils, ix. 224
Scapegoats, he-goats employed as, among the Akikuyu, iii. 214 sq. ; inanimate objects as, ix. i sqq. ; animals as, ix. 31 sqq. , 190 sqq., 208 sqq. ', birds as, ix. 35 sq. ; public, ix. 170 sqq. ; divine animals as, ix. 216 sq. , 226 sq. ; divine men as, ix. 2 17 sqq. , 226 sq. ; in general, ix. 224 sqq.
- , human, ix. 38 sqq. , 194 sqq., 210
sqq. ; in classical antiquity, ix. 229 sqq. ; in ancient Greece, ix. 252 sqq. \ beaten, ix. 252, 255 ; stoned, ix. 253, 254 ; cast into the sea, ix. 254 sq. ; reason for beating the, ix. 256 sq.
Scarification as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 105 sqq. \ of warriors, iii. 160 sq. \ of manslayer, iii. 1 80 ; of bodies of whalers, iii. 191 ; as a religious rite, viii. 75 ; as a mode of conferring swiftness of foot, viii. 159 ; of Zulu heaven-herds with heaven, viii. t6o sq.
"Scaring away the devil" at Penzance
on the Eve of May Day, ix. 163 sq. away the ghosts of the slain, iii.
168, 170, 171, 172, 174 sq. Scarlet thread in charm against witch- craft, ix. 267 Scar 'It , poplar-trees burnt on Shrove
Tuesday in Piedmont, iv. 224 n.1 Sceptre of Agamemnon worshipped as a
god at Chaeronea, i. 365 Schafer, H. , on the tomb of Osiris at
Abydos, vi. 198 n.1 Schaffhausen, the canton of, the cow at
threshing in, vii. 291 ; St. John's three
Midsummer victims at, xi. 27 Schar Mountains in Servia, "living fire"
kindled in time of epidemics in the, ii.
237 ; the Slavs of the, ii. 238 ; need- fire in the, x. 281 Scharholz, Midsummer log in Germany,
xi. 92 n.1
Schaumburg, Easter bonfires in, x. 142 Schechter, Dr. S., on Purim, ix. 364 n.1 Scheil, Father, on Elamite inscriptions,
ix. 367 #.3
Scheroutz, in Russia, rain-making at, i. 277 Scheube, B. , on the bear-festivals of the
Ainos, viii. 185 sqq. Schinz, Dr. H., on the huts of the
Herero, ii. 213 n.2 ; on the firesticks
of the Herero, ii. 218, 218 n.1 Schlanow, in Brandenburg, custom at
sowing at, v. 238 sq. Schlegel, G. , on Chinese festival of fire,
xi. 5 tf.1 Schleswig, custom at threshing in, vii.
230 ; custom at rape-seed threshing in,
vii. 287 Schlich, W., on mistletoe, xi. 315 sq. ; on
Loranthus europaeus, xi. 317 Schlochau, district of, witches' Sabbath
in the, xi. 74 Schloss, Francis S., on the rule as to
the felling of timber in Colombia, vi.
136 w.4 Schlukenau, in Bohemia, "burying the
Carnival "at, iv. 209 Schmeckostem, "Easter Smacks," in
Germany and Austria, ix. 268 sq. Schmidt, A., on Greek mode of reckoning
intervals of time, iv. 59 n.1 ; on the
octennial cycle, vii. 82 «.a Schmidt, W., on the superstitions of the
Roumanians of Transylvania, ix. io7».] Schmiedel, Professor P., on the burning
of Winter at Zurich, iv. 261 n.1 Schollbronn in Baden, "thunder poles"
at, x. 145 Schonen, Southern, the last sheaf called
the Beggar in, vii. 231 sq. Schonthal, the abbot of, his fear ol
demons, ix. 105 sq. v
GENERAL INDEX
451
Sch5nwert, village of Bohemia, expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix. 161
Schoolcraft, H. R., on the secrecy of personal names among the North American Indians, ni. 325 ; on North American Indian indifference to death, iv. 137 sq. ; on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 n.1 ; on renewal of fire among the Iroquois, x. 134 n.1
Schdrzingen, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231
Schrader, O. , on the Twelve Days, ix. 326 n.
Schrenck, L. von, on the bear-festivals of the Gilyaks, viii. 191 sqq.
Schtirmann, C. W., on the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216 sq.
Schiittarschen, in Bohemia, custom at threshing at, vii. 150 ; the mythical Wood-woman at harvest at, vii. 232
Schuyler, E. , on the "Love Chase" among the Kirghiz, li. 301 ; on a human scapegoat in Turkestan, ix. 45
Schvannes, bonfires, on the first Sunday in Lent, x. in n.1
Schwalm, the river, in Hesse, "the Little Whitsuntide Man" at Rolls- hausen on the, ii. 81
Schwaz, on the Inn, in the Tyrol, St. George's Day at, ii. 343 sq. ; the "grass-ringers" at, ix. 247
Schwegler, A., on Servius Tullius, ii. 196 n. ; on the "sacred spring," iv. 187 n.4 } on the death of Romulus, vi. $8 ».a
Schweina, in Thuringia, Christmas bon- fire at, x. 265 sq.
Schweinfurth, G., on the reverence of the Dinka for their cattle, viii. 37 sq.
Schwenda, witches burnt at, x. 6
Science, the way for, paved by magic, i. 219 ; generalizations of, inadequate to cover all particulars, viii. 37 ; move- ment of thought from magic through religion to, xi. 304 sq. ; and magic, different views of natural order postu- lated by the two, xi. 305 sq.
Scipio, his fabulous birth, v. 81
Scira, an Athenian festival, x. 20 n.1
Scirophorion, an Attic month, viii. 5 n.1, Sn.1
Scirum, in Attica, Sacred Ploughing at, vii. 108 «.4
Scissors in a charm to render a bride- groom impotent, iii. 301
"Scoring above the breath," cutting a witch on the forehead, x. 315 «.2 ; counter-spell to witchcraft, x. 343 n.
Scorpion, Arab treatment of a man stung by a, iii. 95 «.8
Scorpion's bite, the pain of it transferred to an ass, ix. 49 sg.
Scorpions, homoeopathic charm against, i. 153 ; I sis and the, vi. 8 ; a bronze image of a scorpion* a charm against, viii. 280 sq. ; image of bird with scor- pion in its mouth a charm against, viii. 281 ; souls of dead in, viii. 290
Scotch crannogs, oak timber in the, ii.
352
cure by knotted thread, iii. 304
sq.
fishermen, their use of iron as a
talisman, iii. 233 ; their superstitions as to herring, viii. 252
fowlers and fishermen, words
tabooed by, iii. 393 sqq.
witch, ix. 38 sq!
Scotland, magical images in, i. 68-70, 236 ; witches raise winds in, i. 322 ; notion as to whirlwinds in the High- lands of, i. 329 ; magical virtues ascribed to chiefs in the Highlands of, i. 368 ; the Highlanders of, their precautions against witchcraft, ii. 53 ; St. Bride's Day in the Highlands of, ii.
94 ; fertilizing virtue ascribed to wells in, ii. 161 ; new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 w.a; race on horseback at a marriage in, ii. 304 ; oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 350 sq. ; mirrors covered after a death in, iii.
95 ; fear of portraiture in, iii. 100 ; need- fire in, iii. 229, x. 289^^. ; iron as a talis- man after a death in, iii. 236 ; sickness thought to be caused by knots in, iii. 302 ; common words tabooed in, iii. 392 sqq. ; words tabooed by fishermen and others in, iii. 394 sq. ; harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, v. 237, vii. 140 sqq. ; the Highlanders of, sow in the moon's increase, vi. 134 ; the last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in, vii. 155 sqq. ; custom of " dumping " at harvest in, vii, 226 sq. ; corn left unreaped at harvest for ' ' the aul' man " in, vii. 233 ; sayings as to the wren in, viii. 318 ; custom of cast- ing stones on cairns in the Highlands of, ix. 20 ; cure for warts in, ix. 48 ; witches burnt in, ix. 165 ; Abbot of Unreason in, ix. 331 ; sacred wells in, x. 12; Celts called "thunder-bolts" in, x. 14 sq. \ Snake Stones in, x. 15 sq. , xi. 311 ; worship of Grannus in, x. 112 ; Beltane fires in, x. 146 sqq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 206 sq. ; divina- tion at Hallowe'en in, x. 229, 234^.; bonfires at Hallowe'en in the Highlands of, x. 230 sqq. ; animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302 ; "scoring above the breath," a counter-charm for witch- craft in, x. 315 n.2 ; witches as hares in, x. 315 n.1 ; St. John's wort in,
452
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
n. 54 ; the divining-rod in, xi. 67. See also Highlands and Highlanders
Scotland, North- East, precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 53
Scots pine, mistletoe on, xi. 315
Scott, Sir Walter, on witch at Stromness, i. 326 ; on the fear of witchcraft, x. 343 ; oaks planted by, xi. 166
Scottish Highlanders on the influence of the moon, vi. 132, 134, 140 ; their belief in bogies at Hallowe'en, x. 227 ; their belief as to Snake Stones, xi. 311
Scourging the man-god before death, a mode of purification, ix. 257 ; girls at puberty, x. 66 sq.
Scourgings, mutual, of South American Indians, ix. 262
Scouvion, x. 108. See Escouvion
Scratching the person with the fingers forbidden, i. 254, x. 38, 39, 41, 42, 44 • 47. 5°« 53, 92 ; as a magical rite to procure rain, i. 254 sq. ; rules as to, iii. 146, 156, 158, 159 n., 160, 181, 183, 189, 196; as a religious rite, viii. 75
Scrofula, kings thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 368 sqq. ; chiefs of Tonga thought to heal scrofula by their touch, i. 371 ; thought to be caused and cured by touching a sacred chief or king, iii. 133 sq. , viii. 28; vervain a cure for, xi. 62 n.1 ; creep- ing through an arch of vines as a cure for, xi. 1 80 ; passage through a holed stone a cure for, xi. 187
Sculpin, the fish, called the rain- maker, i. 288
Scurrilities exchanged between vine- dressers and passers-by, vii. 258 n.1
Scurrilous language at the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38
Scylla, daughter of Nisus, the story of her treachery, xi. 103
Scythe used to behead cock on harvest- field, vii. 277, 278
Scythes whetted by reapers as if to mow down strangers in the harvest-field, vii. 229 sq. ; and bill -hooks set out to cut witches as they fall from the clouds, x.
345 S2-
Scythian kings, their regalia, i. 365 ; human beings and horses sacrificed at their graves, v. 293 ; married the wives of their predecessors, ix. 368 «.1
Scythians put their kings in bonds in times of dearth, i. 354 ; their oath by the king's hearth, ii. 265 ; their belief in immortality, v. 294 ; their treat- ment of dead enemies, v. 294 ».8 ; set store on heads of enemies, vii. 256 n.} ; revellers disguised as, ix, 355
Sdach Me"ac, title of annual temporary king of Cambodia, iv. 148
Sea, navel-string and afterbirth thrown into the, i. 184, 185, 190, 191 ; chief supposed to rule the, i. 337 ; virgins married to the jinnee of the, ii. 153 sq. ; phosphorescence of the, ii. 154 sq. \ prohibition to look upon the, iii. 9, 10 ; horror of the, iii. 10 ; offerings made to the, iii. 10 ; names of priests thrown into the, iii. 382 sq. ; special language employed by sailors at, iii. 413 sqq. ; scapegoats cast into the, ix. 254 sq. ; menstruous women not allowed to approach the, x. 79 ; demands a human victim on Mid- summer Day, xi. 26
, bathing in the, on St. John's Day
or Eve, v. 246, 248 ; at Easter, x. 123 ; at Midsummer, x. 208, 210, xi. 30
" of Erechtheus" on the Acropolis
at Athens, iv. 87
Sea beasts, taboos observed by the Esquimaux in regard to the dead bodies of, iii. 205 sqq. ; Esquimau rules as to eating, viii. 84 ; their bladders restored to the sea by the Esquimaux, viii. 247 sqq.
Dyaks of Banting, rules observed by
women during the absence of warriors among the, i. 127 sq.
Dyaks or I bans of Borneo, beat
gongs in a storm, i. 328 ; their worship of serpents, v. 83 ; their festivals of the dead, vi. 58 sq. ; effemi- nate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 253, 256; their Head-feast in honour of the war-god, ix. 383 sq.
Dyaks of Sarawak, their sacred
trees, ii. 40 sq. ; their stories of the origin of omen birds, iv. 126, 127 sq. ; their reasons for taking human heads, v. 295 sq. ; their Festival of Departed Spirits, ix. 154
-eagle in homoeopathic magic, i
152
god, human sacrifice to, ix. 255
-mammals, Esquimau atonement
for killing, iii. 207 ; taboos observed by the Esquimaux after the killing of, iii. 207 sqq. ; myth of their origin, iii. 207, viii. 246 ; the goddess Sedna the mother of the, iii. 210
-slugs, ceremonies at the annual
appearance of, in Fiji and Tumleo, ix. 141 sqq.
Seal, descendants of the, in Sutherland- shire, xi. 131 sq. See also Seals
Sealing up eyes, nose, and mouth of the dying to prevent the escape of the soul/ iii. 31
453
Seals, supposed influence of lying - in women on, iii. 152 ; taboos observed after the killing of, iii. 207 sq.t 209, 213 ; supposed to have sprung from the severed fingers of the goddess Sedna, iii. 207, viii. 246 ; care taken of the bladders and bones of, viii. 247 sqq. , 257 ; the bones of, returned to the sea, viii. 258 n.2
Sealskins in sympathy with the tides, i. 167
Season of festival a clue to the nature of a deity, vi. 24
Seasons, Athenian sacrifices to the, i. 310 ; magical and religious theories of the, v. 3 sq.
Seats placed for souls of dead at the Midsummer fires, x. 183, 184
Seb (Keb or Geb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, by the sky-goddess Nut, v. 283 w.8, vi. 6
Seclusion of travellers after a journey, iii. 113 ; of those who have handled the dead, iii. 138 sqq. ; of women at men- struation, iii. 145 iqq. , x. 76 sqq. ; of women at childbirth, iii. 147 sqq. ; of tabooed persons, iii. 165 ; of man- slayers, iii. 1 66 sqq. ; of cannibals, iii. 1 88 sqq. \ of men who have killed large game, iii. 220 sq. ; of girls at puberty, x. 22 sqq. ; of girls at puberty in folk- tales, x. 70 sqq. ; reasons for the seclu- sion of girls at puberty, x. 76 sqq. ; of novices at initiation, xi. 233, 241, 250, 253, 257 w.1, 258, 259, 261, 264, 266
Second sight enjoyed by persons born with a caul, i. 187 sq.
Secret graves of kings, chiefs, and magi- cians, vi. 103 sqq.
language learnt at initiation, xi.
253. 255 n-l
names among the Central Aus- tralian aborigines, iii. 321 sq.
societies in the Bismarck Archi- pelago, jurisdiction exercised by, i. 340 • among the Indians of British Columbia, vii. 20 ; in North-Western America, ix. 377 sq. ; on the Lower Congo, xi. 251 sqq.\ in West Africa, xi. 257 sqq.\ in the Indian tribes of North America, xi. 267 sqq. ; and totem clans, related to each other, xi. 272 sq. See also Belli- Paaro, Duk- duk, Kakian, Ndembo, Nkimba, Purra, and Semo
Secretiveness of the savage, xi. 224 sq.
Sed festival in ancient Egypt, vi. 151 sqq. ; its date perhaps connected with the heliacal rising of Sirius, vi. 152 sq. ; apparently intended to renew the king's life by identifying him with the dead and risen Osiris, vi. 153 sq.
Sedanda, an African king, his suicide, iv. 38
Sedbury Park oak, in Gloucestershire, mistletoe on the, xi. 316
Sedna, an Esquimau goddess of the lower world, iii. 152, 207, 208, 209, 211, 213, viii. 84, 246; mother of the sea-mammals, iii. 210 ; her annual expulsion by the Esquimaux, ix. 125 sq.
Scdum telephium, orpine, used in divina- tion at Midsummer, xi. 61
Seed sown over weakly children to strengthen them, vii. n ; sown by women, vii. 113 sqq. ; sown by children, vii. 115 sq. See also Sowing
Seed-corn, fumigated with wood of sacred cedar, ii. 49 ; fertilized at the Thesmophoria, vii. 63 ; grain of last sheaf mixed with the, vii. 135 ; holy grains mixed with the, to fertilize it, vii. 205 ; taken from the last sheaf, vii. 278 ; feathers of cock mixed with the, vii. 278, viii. 20 ; ashes mixed with the, vii. 300 ; bones of pigs mixed with the, vii. 300, viii. 20 ; the Yule Boar mixed with the, vii. 301, viii. 20 ; grain taken from the Corn - mother mixed with the, vii. 304 ; pig's flesh sown with the, viii. 18, 20; cakes made out of the last sheaf mixed with the, viii. 328 ; charred remains of Mid- summer log mixed with the, xi. 92
rice, seed sown ceremonially mixed
with the, iv. 149 ; precautions at reap- ing the, vii. 181 ; soul of the rice caught and mixed with the, vii. 189
-time, annual expulsion of demons
at, ix. 138
Seeds and roots, wild, collected bj women, vii. 124 sqq.
Seeman, Berthold, on St. John's blood, xi. 56
Seers, their ears licked by serpents, viii. 147 n.1
Segera, a sago magician of Kiwai, dis- membered after death, vi. 101, 102
Seirkieran, perpetual fire in the monastery of, ii. 241 sq.
Seitendorf, in Moravia, custom of ' ' carry- ing out Death " at, iv. 238 sq.
Seker (Sokari), title of Osiris, vi. 87
Selangor, Malay State, rice-crop supposed to depend on the district officer in, i. 361 ; durian trees threatened neai Jugra in, ii. 21 ; bringing home the Soul of the Rice at Chodoi in, vii. 198 ; demons of disease expelled in a ship from, ix. 187 sq.
Selemnus, the River, its water a cure foi love, ix. 3
Seler, Professor Eduard, on the ancienl Mexican calendar, vi. 29 n. j Aztec
454
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
text of Sahagun partially translated by, vii. 175 ; on the Mexican festival of Toxcatl, ix. 149 n.2, 277 ; on nagual, xi. 213 n.
Seleucia, plague blocked up in hole at, ix. 64
Seleucus, a grammaiian, v. 146 n.1
Seleucus Nicator, king, his buildings at the temple of Zeus in Olba, v. 151
Seleucus the Theologian, v. 146 n.1
Self-mutilation of Attis and his priests, v. 265
Seligmann, Dr. C. G., on the meaning of helaga in the Motu tribe of New Guinea, ii. 106 n.2 ; on the custom of putting Shilluk kings to death, iv. 17 sqq. , vi. 163 ; on the danger of allow- ing Shilluk kings to grow old, iv. 21 ; on the right of candidates for the kingship to attack the Shilluk kings, iv. 22 ; on the willingness of Shilluks to accept the fatal sovereignty, iv. 23 ; on sickness as supposed to be caused by the soul of a dead Shilluk king, iv. 26 ; on the divine spirit supposed to animate Shilluk kings, iv. 26 sq. ; on the Dinkas, iv. 30 sqq. ; on the custom of putting Dinka rain-makers to death, iv. 33 ; on the five supplementary Egyptian days, vi. 6 w.3 ; on the wor- ship of dead Shilluk kings, vi. 161 n.2 ; on the name of the Supreme Being oi the Dinkas, viii. 40 «., 114 «.2
Selkit, Egyptian goddess, patroness of matrimony, ii. 131
Selwanga, python-god of the Baganda, v. 86
Semang tribes of the Malay Peninsula, power of medicine-men among the, i. 360 ; think that the souls of their dead chiefs transmigrate into wild beasts, iv. 85
Semangat, Malay word for the soul, iii. 28, 35, vii. 181, 183
Semele, mother of Dionysus, iv. 3 ; how Zeus got Dionysus by, vii. 14; descent of Dionysus into Hades to bring up, vii. 15
Semic in Bohemia, beheading the king on Whit-Monday at, iv. 209
Seminole Indians, souls of the dying caught among the, iv. 199 ; their Green Corn Dance, viii. 76 sq. ; their fear of rattle-snakes, viii. 217
Semiramis, lustful Assyrian queen, ii. 275 ; at Hierapolis, v. 162 «.2 ;' as a form of Ishtar (Astarte), v. 176 sq. \ said to have burnt herself, v. 176 sq., ix. 407 ».*; the mythical, a form of the great Asiatic goddess, vi. 958 ; mythical and historical, ix. 369 sqq. ; the mounds of, ix. 370, 371,
373» 3^8 n,l\ her love for a horse, ix. 371, 407 «.2; the sad fate of her lovers, ix. 371 ; perhaps supposed to be incarnate in a series of women, ix. 386
Semites, moral evolution of the, iii. 219 ; sacrifices of children among the, iv. 1 66 sqq. ; agricultural, worship Baal as the giver of fertility, v. 26 sq. ; sacred stocks and stones among the, v. 107 sqq. ; traces of mother -kin among the, vi. 213
Semitic Baal in relation to the Minotaur, iv. 75
gods, uniformity of their type, v.
119
kings, the divinity of, v. 15 sqq. ;
as hereditary deities, v. 51
language, Egyptian language akin
to the, vi. 161 n.1
personal names indicating relation- ship to a deity, v. 51
worship of Tarn muz and Adonis, v.
6 sqq.
Semhcka, festival of the dead among the Letts, vi. 74
Semo, a secret society of Senegambia, xi. 261
Sena, island of, virgin priestesses in, ii. 241 n.1
Sena-speaking people to the north of the Zambesi transfer sickness to effigy oi pig, ix. 7
Senal Indians of California, their notion as to fire stored in trees, xi. 295
Sencis, the, of Peru, their ceremony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 311
Seneca, on sacred groves, ii. 123 ; as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33 «.8 ; on the offerings of Egyptian priests to the Nile, vi. 40 ; on the marriage of the Roman gods, vi. 231 ; on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233
Senegal, Cayor in, iii. 9 ; Walo on the river, iii. 118 ; precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289 ; belief as to conception without sexual intercourse in, v. 93 «.a ; myth of marriage of Sky and Earth in, v. 282 «.a ; custom of throw- ing stones on cairns in, ix. 30 «.2
Senegal and Niger region of West Africa, the wild fig-tree regarded as a fetish-tret in, ii. 317 n.1
Senegambia, the Feloupes of, i. 297 ; the Walos of, i. 370, xi. 79 ; th« Sereres of, iii. 70 ; the Wolofs of, iii. 323 ; the Mandingoes of, vi. 141 ; Python clan in, viii. 174 , the Foulahs of, viii. 214 ; stones thrown on graves of murderers in, ix. 16 ; the Banmanas of, ix. 261 ; secret society among the Soosoos of, xi. 261 sq.
GENERAL INDEX
455
Senjero, sacrifice of first-born sons in, iv.
182 sq. Sennacherib, his siege of Jerusalem,
v. 25 ; said to have built Tarsus, v.
173 «-4
Sennar, a province of the Sudan, human hyaenas in, x. 313
Senseless Thursday, the last Thursday in Carnival, ceremony with whips and brooms in the Tyrol on, ix. 248
Seoul, capital of Corea, custom on New Year's Day at, iii. 283 ; tiger eaten at, to make eater brave, viii. 145
Separation of children from their parents among the Baganda, x. 23 n.2
of earth and sky, myth of the, v.
283
Sepharvites, their sacrifices of children, iv. 171
September, month of the maize harvest in modern Greece, vii. 48 ; the ist of, mock burial of flies by Russian girls on, viii. 279 sq. \ the i3th of, Roman custom of knocking a nail into a wall on, ix. 66 ; expulsion of evils by the Incas of Peru in, ix. 128 ; eve of the ist of, new fire in villages near Moscow on the, x. 139 ; the 8th of, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, x. 220 ; the fire- walk in, xi. 9
Seranglao archipelago, custom as to children's cast teeth in the, i. 179 ; rule as to gathering coco-nuts in the, iii. 201
Serapeum at Alexandria, vi. 119 n. ; its destruction, vi. 217
Serapis, the later form of Osiris, vi. 119 n. ; the rise of the Nile attributed to, vi. 216 sq. ; the standard cubit kept in his temple, vi. 217
Sereres of Senegambia, detention of souls by sorcerers among the, iii. 70
Seriphos, custom of swinging on Tuesday after Easter in, iv. 283 sq.
Serpent in homoeopathic magic, i. 154 sq. ; dried, in ceremony for stopping rain, i. 295 sq. ; hung up as a wind- charm, i. 323 ; or dragon of water, ii. 155 sqq. ; or dragon personated fey kings, iv. 82 ; the Brazen, worshipped to the time of Hezekiah, iv. 86 ; sacred, on the Acropolis at Athens, iv. 86 ; as the giver of children, v. 86; at rites of initiation, v. 90 «.4 ; fed by a woman out of a saucer, type in Greek art, viii. 18 w.2 ; killing the sacred, viii. 174 sq. ; cere- monies performed after killing a, viii. 192 sq. \ the Brazen, set up by the Israelites in the wilderness, viii. 281 ; girls at puberty thought to be visited by a, x. 31 ; supposed to swallow girl
at puberty, x. 57 ; ten-headed, external soul in a, xi. 104 sq. ; twelve-headed, external soul of demon in a, xi. 143 ; external soul of chief in a, xi. 201. See also Serpents, Snake, and Snakes
Serpent-god, married to human wives, v. 66 sqq. \ thought to control the crops, v. 67
Serpent's fat a charm against witches on St. George's Day, ii. 335
flesh eaten to learn the language of
animals, viii. 146
Serpents impart a knowledge of the language of birds, i. 158 ; in relation to St. George, ii. 344 «.4 ; purificatory ceremonies observed »after killing, ni. 221 sqq. ; not to be called by their proper names, iii. 398, 399, 401 sq.t 407, 408, 411 ; transmigration of the souls of the dead into, iv. 84 ; re- puted the fathers of human beings, v. 80 sqq. ; as embodiments of Aesculapius, v. 80 sq. ; worshipped in Mysore, v. 81 sq. ; as reincai na- tions of the dead, v. 82 sqq., xi. 211 sq. ; fed with milk, v. 84 sqq. , 87 ; thought to have knowledge of life- giving plants, v. 1 86 ; souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 163, 173; offer- ings to, viii. 17 sq.', in the "chasms of Demeter and Persephone," viii. 17 sq. ; lick the cars of seers, viii. 147 n.1 ; inspired human mediums of, viii. 213 ; charms against, vni. 281 ; souls of the dead in, viii. 291 ; and lizards supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins, ix. 302 sqq. ; burnt alive at the Midsummer festival in Luchon, xi. 38 sq. , 43 ; witches turn into, xi. 41 ; worshipped by the old Prussians, xi. 43 «.8 ; in the worship of Demeter, xi. 44 «. ; the familiars of witches, xi. 202. See also Serpent, Snake, and Snakes
Serpents' eggs (glass beads) in ancient Gaul, x. 15
Servia, rain-making ceremony in, i. 273 ; mode of kindling fire by friction of wood in, ii. 237 ; divination on St. George's Day in, ii. 345 ; Midsummer fire custom in, x. 178 ; the Yule log in, x. 258 sqq. ; need-fire in, x. 281, 282 sqq. See also Servian and Servians -
Servian forest, the great, ii. 237, 237 n.1
stories of the external soul, xi. no
sqq.
women, their charm to hoodwink
their husbands, i. 149
Servians, their belief as to souls in the form of butterflies, iii, 41 ; their pre-
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
caution against vam pyres, ix. 153 n.1 ; house-communities of the, x. 259 n. l
Servitude of Apollo and Cadmus for eight years for the slaughter of dragons, iv. 70 n.1, 78
Servius, Virgilian commentator, on the grove of Egeria, i. 18 #.4; on Virbius, i. 20 sq., 40, ii. 129; on the worship of Virbius, i. 20 ».8; on Virbius as the lover of Diana, i, 21, 40; on Dido's costume, iii. 313 ; on the magical virtue of knots, iii. 313 n.1 ; on the legend of Erigone, iv. 282 ; on the death of Attis, v. 264 «.4 ; on the marriage of Orcus, vi. 231 ; on Salacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233 ; on Lityerses, vii. 217 n.1
Servius Tullius, Roman king, his innova- tion in Roman cunency, i. 23 n.6] laws of, ii. 115, 129; and Fortuna, ii. 193 n.1, 272 ; legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 195 sq. , vi. 235 ; said to have been an Etruscan, ii. 196 n. ; suc- ceeded by his son-in-law, ii. 270 ; his descent, ii. 270 «.6; his death, ii. 320 sq.
Sesostris, so-called monument of, in Lydia, v. 185
Set, or Typhon, brother of Osiris, vi. 6 viii. 30 ; murders Osiris, vi. 7 sq. accuses Osiris before the gods, vi. 17 brings a suit of bastardy against Horus vi. 17 ; his combat with Horus, vi. 17 reigns over Upper Egypt, vi. 17 ; torn in pieces, vi. 98 ; the Egyptian devil, viii. 30 ; the birth of, ix. 341. See also Typhon
Setonje, village in Sorvia, need-fire at, ii. 237, x. 282 sqq,
Sety I., king of Egypt, represented in the hall of the Osirian mysteries at Abydos, vi. 108
Seven or multiples of seven in offerings to the dead, ii. 32
Seven bonfires, lucky to see, x. 107, 108
ears of last year's crop to attract
the corn, vii. 190 ; of rice to form the Soul of the Rice at harvest, vii. 198
knots in magic, iii. 303, 304, 305,
308
— leaps over Midsummer fire, x. 213 legged effigy of Lent, iv. 244 sq.
" months' child, vii. 26, 29
rice-stalks cut and brought home
with the King of the Rice in Mandeling, vii. 197
— — sorts of plants gathered at Mid- summer, xi. 51 sq.
• years, a were- wolf for, x. 310 «.1,
316 *.a
— youths and maidens, tribute of, to the Minotaur, iv. 74 sqq.
Sevenoaks, in Kent, May gai lands at, ii. 62
Seventh month of pregnancy, ceremony performed in the, i. 72 sq.
Sewing forbidden to women in absence of whalers, i. 121 ; forbidden to women in absence of warriors, i. 128 ; as a charm to blind wolves, ii. 330 ; as a charm to render wolves powerless, iii. 307
Sex totems among the natives of South- Eastern Australia, xi. 214^.; called "brother" and "sister" by men and women respectively, xi. 215
Sexes, of plants, recognized by some savages and by the 'ancients, ii. 24 ; influence of the, on vegetation, ii. 97 sqq. ; division of labour between the, vii. 129 ; danger apprehended from the relation of the, xi. 277 sq.
Sextus Pompeius, his consultation of the Thessalian witch, iii. 390
Sexual communism, tradition of, ii. 284, 287
crime, blighting effects attributed
to, ii. 107 sqq.
intercourse practised to make the
crops and fruits grow, ii. 97, 98 sqq.
orgies as a fertility charm, ii. 98
sqq.
Seyf el-Mulook and the jinnee, the story of, xi. 137
Sgaus, Karen tribe of Burma, will not mention their parents' names, iii. 337
Sgealoir, the bury ing-ground of, in North Uist, x. 294
Sgreball, three pence, tax paid to the king of Munster for each fire in Ire- land, x. 139
Shades of dead animals, fear of offend- ing, iii. 205, 206, 207
Shadow, the soul identified with the, iii. 77 sqq. ; injury done to a man through his, iii. 78 sqq. ; diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, iii. 86 sq. ; loss of the, regarded as ominous, iii. 88 ; not to fall on a chief, iii. 255
Shadow Day, a gipsy name for Palm Sunday, iv. 243
plays as a rain-charm in Java, i.
301 n.
Queen, the, thought to pass under
ground in spring and reappear in autumn, iv. 243
Shadows of sacred trees not to be trodden on by women, ii. 34 ; of people drawn out by ghosts, iii. 80 ; animals injured through their, Hi. 81 sq,\ of trees sensitive, iii. 82 ; of certain birds and people viewed as dangerous, iii. 82 sq. ; of people built into the founda- tions of edifices, iii. 89 sq. ; of mourner*
GENERAL INDEX
457
dangerous, iii. 142 ; of certain persons dangerous, iii. 173
Shahpur district of the Punjaub, rain- making in the, i. 278
Shakespear, Lt. -Colonel J. , on the belief in demons among the Lushais, ix. 94
Shakespeare on death at the turn of the tide, i. 168
Shaking of victim as sign of its accept- ance, i. 384 sq.
Shalmaneser, king of Assyria, captures Samaria, iv. 169 ; carries the Israelites into captivity, iv. 171
Sham - fights at installation of Shilluk kings, iv. 24 ; in honour of the dead, iv. 96 sq. \ at annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117 sq. ; at the fiist bringing in of the rice among the Kayans, vii. 98 ; at the festival of new fruits among the Creek Indians, viii. 75 ; (mimic battles) before going to war, viii. 207 ; at festival of New Year among the Tenggerese of Java, ix. 184 ; at the sacrifice of a woman among the Mexicans, ix. 289 ; at festival of New Year among the Swahili, x. 135
graves and corpses to deceive
demons, viii. 98 sqq.
Shaman, function of the, ix. 79 sq.
Shamanism, magical ritual of the Vedas akin to, i. 229 ; among the Koryaks, ix. 101
Shamanistic faith and magic, period of, among the forefathers of the Indo- Germanic race, ix. 91
Shamans, the importance of, among the Maidu, i. 357 sq. ; expected to drive away demons and disease from the village, i. 358 ; expected to inflict death and disease on hostile villages, i. 358 ; bones of dead, placed in trees, ii. 32 ; Buryat, their mode of re- covering lost souls, iii. 56 sq. ; among the Thompson Indians, their mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 57 sq. ; Yakut, their mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 63 ; among the Haidas kill the souls of foes, iii. 72 n. 1 ; thought to swallow people's souls, iii. 76 sq. ; among the Navajos, cere- mony performed by them over a re- turned captive, iii. 113 ; in Corea, their control of demons, ix. 99, 100 ; among the Koryaks, enjoy the favour of demons and pull out their invisible arrows, ix. 101, 126 ; expel demons at the winter solstice, ix. 126 ; among the Esquimaux, their grotesque masks of supernatural beings, ix. 379 ; their second sight, ix. 380 ; of the Yakuts and Samoyeds, keep their external souls in animals, xi. 196 VOL. XII
Sham ash, Babylonian sun-god, xi. 80 «.8 ; his human wives, v. 71
, Semitic god, v. 16 n.1
Shamashshumukin, king of Babylon, burns himself, v. 173 sq. , 176
Shammuramat, Assyrian queen, and Semiramis, v. 177 n.1, ix. 370 n.1
Shampoo, the fatal, ix. 42
Shan custom on return from a funeral, iii. 51 ; modes of disposing of cut hair and nails, in. 277. See also Shans
Shanga, city in East Africa, story of an African Samson at, xi. 314
Shanghai, geomancy at, i. 170
Shans of Burma, rules observed by wife of absent warrior among the, i. 128 ; obtain rain by drenching images of Buddha, i. 308 ; their theory of earth- quakes, v. 198 ; cut bamboos for building in the wane of the moon, vi. 136 ; custom of executioners among the, viii. 155
of Indo-China, their human sacri- fices for the crops, vii. 243
of Kengtung, their expulsion ol
demons, ix. 116 sq.
of Southern China, their annual
expulsion of the fire-spirit, ix. 141
Shape, magical changes of, vii. 305 Shark, king of Dahomey represented
with body of a, iv. 85 Shark Point, priestly king at, iii. 5, 123
-shaped hero named Sigai in the
island of Yam, v. 139 n.1
Sharks, ancestral spirits in, viii. 123, 127 ; offerings of flying-fish set before images of, viii. 127; temples dedicated to, viii. 292 ; souls of dead in, viii. 292 sq., 297
Sharp instruments, use of, tabooed, iii. 205, 237 sqq.
Shaving forbidden, iii. 194 ; prisoners, reason of, iii. 273
Shawms blown to ban witches, ix. 160
Shawnee prophet, xi. 157
Sheaf buried as a magical rite, i. 69
of corn dressed up to represent
Death, iv. 248
, the first cut, thought to contain
the soul of the rice, vi. 239, vii. 197 sq. ; lamentations over, vii. 215 ; called the ' ' Cross of the Horse " and trodden by the youngest horse on the farm, vii. 294
, the largest and finest, buried in
corn-field from seed-time to harvest, vii. 174 sq.
, the last cut at harvest used to make
Brtid's bed in the Highlands of Scotland , ii. 94 «.3; the Corn-mother in, vii. 133 sqq. ; thresher tied up in, vii. 134, 147, 148 ; dressed or made up as a woman.
2 O
458
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
vil 134, 135, 136, 137, 139 J?., 140, 141, 145, 146, 148, 150, 153, 154, 155, 157, 159, 160, 162, 163, 166, 190 sq. ; drenched with water, vii. 134, 137, 145, 297 ; given to cattle, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170; stones fastened to, vii. 135 sq. , 138, 139; harvester tied up in, vii. 134, 139, 145, 221, 222; called the Harvest- mother, vii. 135 ; called the Great Mother, vii. 135, 136 ; called the Old Woman or Old Man, vii. 136 sqq. ; called the Grandmother, vii. 136 ; person identified with, vii. 138 sq. ; corn-spirit caught in, vii. 139 ; called the Cailleach (Old Wife), vii. 140 sqq. ; burnt and its ashes strewed on fields, vii. 146 ; called the Bastard, vii. 150 ; called the Child, vii. 151 ; given to the cattle at Christmas, vii. 155, 158, 1605*7. ; cut by the youngest girl on the field, vii. 157, 158 ; kept till Christmas, then given to a mare in foal, vii. 1 60, 161 w.1 ; given to the first mare that foals, vii. 160, 162 ; called the Bride, vii. 162.59'. ; supposed to ward off fairies, vn. 165 ; repre- sentative of the corn-spirit, vn. 168, viii. 48 ; in Lower Burma, vii. 190 sq, \ called the Old Man, vii. 218 sqq. ; an object of desire and emulation, vii. ai8 «.a; in India, vii. 222 sq. , 234 «.2 ; called the Neck, vii. 266, 267, 268 ; called the Head, vii. 268 ; the corn-spirit caught in, vii. 270 ; thresher of the last sheaf treated as an animal, vii. 271 ; called the Bitch, vii. 272 ; called the Wolf, vii. 273 ; shaped like a wolf, vii. 274 ; called the Cock, vii. 276 ; live cock bound up with, vii. 278 ; called the Hare, vii. 279 ; called the Cat, vii. 280 ; called the Goat, vii. 282, 283 ; shaped like a goat, vii. 283 ; made up in form of horned ox, vii. 289 ; called the Buffalo-bull, vii. 289; called the Cow, vii. 289 ; race of reapers to, vii. 291 ; called the Mare, vii. 292 sq. ; called the Fox, vii. 297 ; made in form of fox, vii. 297 ; called the Rye-boar, vii. 298 ; called the Rye-sow, Wheat- sow, Corn-sow, or Oats-sow, vii. 298 ; corn of, used to bake the Yule Boar, vii. 300 sq. ; the corn-spirit immanent in, vii. 301, viii. 48, 328 ; loaves baked from, viii. 48 ; used to bake cakes in form of goats, rams, and boars at Christmas, viii. 328 ; the Yule log wrapt up in, x. 248 ; reapers blindfold throw sickles at the, xi. 279 ».*. See also Clyack, Kirn, Melt, Maiden Sheaf, the last threshed called the Corn- goat, Spelt-goat, or Oats-goat, vii.
286 ; shaped like a goat, vii. 287 , called the Fox, vii. 297
Sheaf of oats made up to represent St. Bride or Bridget, ii. 94 sq.
Sheaves of wheat or barley burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 215
Sheba or Sabaea, the kings of, not allowed to quit their palace, iii. 124 ; their priestly character, iii. 125 n.
Sheep torn by wolf in homoeopathic magic, i. 157 ; driven through fire, ii. 327, xi. ii sqq. ; bred by people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 ».s ; used in purificatory ceremonies, iii. 174, 175 ; shoulder-blades of, used in divination, iii. 229 ; to be shorn when the moon is waxing, vi. 134 ; to be shorn in the waning of the moon, vi. 134 «.8; reason for not eating, viii. 140 ; ghosts of, dreaded, viii. 231 ; used as scapegoat among the ancient Arabs, ix. 35 ; made to tread embers of extinct Midsummer fires, x. 182 ; driven over ashes of Midsummer fires, x. 192 ; burnt to stop disease in the flock, x. 301 ; burnt alive as a sacrifice in the Isle of Man, x. 306 ; omens drawn from the intestines of, xi. 13 ; passed through a hole in a rock to rid them of disease, xi. 189 sq.
, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 290 ;
wetted as a rain-charm, i. 290 ; witch in shape of a, x. 316
Sheep-headed women, statuettes of, found at Lycosura, viii. 21 ».4
-skin, fumigation with, viii. 324
-skins, candidates at initiation seated
on, vii. 38 ; people beaten with, ix. 265
Sheitan dere, the Devil's Glen, in Cilicia, v. 150
Shell called "old man," homoeopathic magic of, i. 158
Shells used in ritual of death and resur- rection, xi. 267 n.z, 269
of eggs preserved, viii. 258 «.a
Shenty, Egyptian cow-goddess, vi. 88
Shepherd beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371
Shepherd's Isle, exorcism of strangers in, iii. 104
pouch thrashed as a protection
against witchcraft, ii. 338
prayer, ii. 327 sq.
Shepherds, Roman, fumigate their flocks, ii. 327, viii. 42
Shepherds' festival, ancient Italian, ii. 326 sqq.
Sherbro, Sierra Leone, sacred society in the, xi. 259 sqq.
Shervaray Hills in Travancore, the Mala- yalics of the, iii. 402
GENERAL INDEX
459
Shetland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326 ; witches in, i. 326 ; Yule in, ix. 167 sqq.
fishermen, their use of magical
images, i. 69 sq. \ their tabooed words,
iii. 394 Shields of manslayers struck to make
them resound, iii. 178 ; of the Sain
struck with staves, iii. 233 Shifting cultivation, vii. 99
dates of Egyptian festivals, vi.
24 sq.
Shilluk kings animated by the divine spirit of Nyakang, iv. 18 ; put to death before their strength fails, iv. 21 sq. , vi. 163 ; worshipped after death, iv. 24 sqq. , vi. 161 sqq.
Shilluks, a tribe of the White Nile, iv. 17 sqq. ; custom of putting to death the divine kings, iv. 17 sqq. , 204, 206 ; their worship of Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18^17., vi. 162 sqq. ; ceremony on the accession of a new king of the, iv. 23 sq. , 26 sq. , 204 ; their worship of dead kings, iv. 24 sqq. , vi. 161 sq. ; transmission of soul of divine founder of dynasty to all successors among the, iv. 198, 204
Shin, Loch, Hugh Miller on, iii. 40
Shinto rain -making ceremony, i. 297 ; priest exorcizes demons of plague, ix. 118
Shinty, the Scotch name for hockey, viii. 323, 324 n.1
Ship, sicknesses expelled in a, ix. 185 sqq. ; demons expelled in a, ix. 201 sq.
Ships sunk by witches, i. 135 ; ancient processions with, perhaps ram-charms, i. 251 «.»
Shire River, the Makanga on the, viii. 287
Shirley Heath, cleft ash-tree at, xi. 168
Shirt worn by the effigy of Death, its use, iv. 247, 249
, wet, divination by, at Hallowe'en,
x. 236, 241
Shiverings and shakings as signs of in- spiration, i. 377
Shoa, belief as to the shadow of an enemy in, iii. 83 ; a province of Abyssinia, customs observed at eating in, iii. 116
Shoe untied at marriage, iii. 300 ; cus- tom of going with one shoe on and one shoe off, iii. 311 sqq. ; divination by thrown, x. 236
Shoes of priestess not to be made from skin of animal that died a natural death, iii. 14 ; not to be brought into the sanctuary of Alectrona, viii. 45 ; not to be worn in sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura, viii. 46 ; of boar's skins worn by king at inauguration, x.
4 ; magical plants at Midsummer put in, xi. 54, 60, 65
Shogun's palace in Japan, ix. 144
Shooter, Rev. J., on the agricultural labours of women among the Zulus, vii. 113 sq. ; on breaking a calabash and sacrifice of bulls at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 «.8
Shooting at the sun on Midsummer Day, xi. 291
" the Witches" on St. Sylvester's
Day in Bohemia, ix. 164 ; at witches in the clouds among the South Slavs,
* 345
Shooting stars, superstitions as to, iv. 58 sqq.
Shorea robustat the sdl tree, sacred groves of, among the Khonds, ii. 41
Shortland, E., on taboo in New Zealand, iii. 134 n.3
" Shot-a-dead " by fairies, x. 303
Shoulder-blades of sheep used in divina- tion, iii. 229, 229 «.4, viii. 234
Shoulders of medicine- men especially sensitive, v. 74 n.*
Shouting as a means of stopping earth- quakes, v. 197 sqq.
Shravan, an Indian month, iv. 55
Shrew-ash, how prepared, i. 83
mouse in magic, i 83
Shrine (Jierte] of St. Remain at Rouen, ii. 167, 1 68, 170 n.1 ; of Aesculapius at Sicyon, v. 81
, golden models of, found in royal
graves at Mycenae, v. 33
Shrines of dead Shilluk kings, iv. 24 sq. • of shark-shaped and crocodile-shaped heroes in Yam, v. 139 n.1
Shropshire, Feast of All Souls in, vi.
78 ; cutting in, vii. 268 ; harvest in, v Mare" at ha
the neck" at harvest to loose the goose " at 277 n.9 ; "crying the vest in, vii. 293 sq. ; the
sin-eater in, ix. 44 ; the tug-of-war at Ludlow in, ix. 182 ; fires on Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 ; the Yule log in, x. 257 ; fear of witchcraft in, x. 342 n.4 ; the oak thought to bloom on Mid- summer Eve in, xi. 292, 293 Shrove Tuesday, dances on, to make the hemp or flax grow tall, i. 138 sq. ; straw puppet burnt by the Slovenes on, ii. 93 ; Burial of the Carnival on, iv. 221 sqq. ; mock death of, iv. 227 sqq. ; drama of Summer and Winter on, iv. 257 ; pig's flesh boiled on, vii. 300 ; dances to make the flax thrive on, viii. 326 ; the tug-of-war on, ix. 182 sq. ; game of ball on, ix. 183 ; dances to promote the growth of the crops on, ix. 239, 347 ; effigies burnt on, x. 1 20 ; straw-man burnt on. xi.
46o
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
i»22 ; wicker giants on, xi, 35 ; cats burnt alive on, xi. 40 ; the divining- rod cut on, xi. 68 ; custom of striking a hen dead on, xi. 279 n.
Shrovetide Bear, the, iv. 230, viii. 325 sq.
custom in the Erzgebirge, iv. 208
sq. ; in Bohemia, iv. 209
Shu, Egyptian god of light, v. 283 «.3
Shumpaoh, god of the Makalaka, first- fruits offered to him, viii. no sq.
Shurii - Kia - Miau, aboriginal tribe in China, annual human sacrifice among the, iv. 145
Shushan (Susa), fast of the Jews in, ix. 397
Shuswap Indians of British Columbia, their contagious magic of foot-prints, i. 210 ; their beliefs and customs con- cerning twins, i. 265 ; their way of bringing on cold weather, i. 319 ; their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 n. ; their belief as to the shadows of mourners, iii. 83 ; customs observed by mourners among the, iii. 142 ; girls at puberty forbidden to scratch themselves among the, hi. 146 n.1 ; continence of hunters among the, iii. 198 ; eat nutlets of pines, v. 278 n.2 ; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 226 sq. \ their regard for the bones of beavers, viii. 238 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 53 sq. ; girls at puberty forbidden to eat anything that bleeds among the, x. 94 ; fence themselves with thorn bushes against ghosts, xi. 174 n.2 ; personal totems among the, xi. 276 n.1 ; their belief as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 297 «.3
Shway Yoe (Sir George Scott), on the worship of nats in Burma, ix. 96
Sia Indians, chastity of hunters among the, iii. 197 sq.
Siam, use of fire kindled by lightning in, ii. 256 n.1 ; modes of executing royal criminals in, iii. 241 sq. ; forbidden to walk over the head of a superior in, iii. 254 ; tigers and crocodiles not named in their haunts in, iii. 403 sq. • annual temporary kings in, iv. 149 sqq. ; catafalque burnt at funeral of king of, v. 179 ; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 65 ; sickness transferred from sick man to image in, viii. 103 ; the Laosians of, ix. 97 ; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149 sqq. ; human scapegoats in, ix. 212 ; tree-spirit in serpent form in, xi. 44 n.1 See also Siamese
, king of, divinity of, i. 401 ; his perpetual fire, ii. 262 ; not allowed to set foot on ground, x. 3
, kings of, their bodies not to be
touched under pain of death, iii. 226 ;
names of, concealed from fear oi sorcery, iii. 375
Siamese, the, do violence to the gods in time of drought or excessive rain, i. 299 ; fear to fell fine trees, ii. 41 , kindle a sacred fire by means of a metal mirror or burning-glass, ii. 245 ». ; their belief as to foundation sacrifices, iii. 90 ; their superstition as to passing under a rope, iii. 250 ; their belief as to a guardian spirit in the head, iii. 252 sq. ; mock human sacrifices among the, iv. 218 ; their explanation of a first menstruation, x. 24 ; their story of the external soul, xi. 102
Siamese children, ceremony at cutting their hair, iii. 265 sqq. ; disposal of their cut hair, iii. 275
monks, their respect for trees, ii. 13
objection to stamping coins with
the image of the king, iii. 98 sq.
year of twelve lunar months, ix.
149 «.2
Siaoo, or Siauw, East Indian island, belief as to sylvan spirits in, ii. 33 ; magic wrought by means of spittle in, iii. 288; puppets substituted for human sacrificial victims in, iv. 218 ; children sacrificed to volcano in, v. 219
Sibaia, a good spirit in Nias, viii. 276
Siberia, the Jukagirs of, i. 122 ; the Buryats of, ii. 32 ; the Orotchis of, iii. 232 ; the Samoyeds of, iii. 353 ; the natives of, will not call bears by their proper name, iii. 398 ; Eastern, the Gilyaks of, viii. 190 ; North- East, the Chuckchees of, viii. 221 ; North- East, the Koryaks of, viii. 232 ; marriage custom in, x. 75 ; external souls of shamans in, xi. 196 sq.
Siberian sable-hunters, their respect for dead sables, viii. 238
Sibitti-baal, king of Byblus, paid tribute to Tiglath-pileser, v. 14
Sibree, Rev. J., on divinity of Betsileo chiefs, i. 397
Sibyl, the, and the Golden Bough, i. n ; and Aeneas, i. n ; the Grotto of, at Marsala, v. 247 ; the Norse, her prophecy, x. 102 sq.
Sibyl's wish, the, x. 99
Sibylline Books, v. 265
Sicilians, Demeter's gift of corn to the, vii. 56 sq. ; their lamentations at being robbed of an image of Demeter, vii. 65
Sicily, stones tied to fruit-trees in, i. 140 ; attempts to compel the saints to give rain in, i. 299 sq. ; barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 21 sq. ; date of the artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314 ; Syrian prophet in, v. 74 ; fossil bones in, v. 157 ; hot springs in, v
GENERAL INDEX
461
213 ; gardens of Adonis in, v. 245, 253 sq. ; divination at Midsummer in, v. 254 ; Good Friday ceremonies in, v. 255 sq. ; worship of Demeter and Persephone in, vii. 56, 65 ; Ascension Day in, ix. 54 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 210 ; St. John's Day (Mid- summer Day) regarded as dangerous and unlucky in, xi. 29 ; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29 ; St. John's wort as a balm in, xi. 55
Sick, sacrifices for the, iv. 20, 25 ; thought to be possessed by the spirits of kings, iv. 25 sq.
Sick man, attempts to prevent the escape of the soul of, iii. 30 sqq.
and old people put to death, iv. 14
people passed through a hole in an
oak, ii. 371 ; not allowed to sleep, iii. 95 ; sprinkled with pungent spices, iii. 105 sq. ; resort to cave of Pluto, v. 205 sq. See also Sickness
room, mirrors covered up in, iii. 95
Sickles thrown at last standing corn, vii. 136, 142, 144, 153, 154, 165, 267, 268, 279, 296
Sickness, homoeopathic magic for the cure of, i. 78 sqq. \ explained by the absence of the soul, iii. 42 sqq. ; caused by ancestral spirits, iii. 53 ; ascribed to possession by demons and cured by exorcism, iii. 105 sq. ; thought to be caused by demons or ghosts, viii. 100 sqq., ix. 88, 94, 100, 102, 103, 109 sqq. ; cured or prevented by effigies, viii. 100 sqq. ; transferred to things, ix. 2 sq. , 4 sq. ; transferred to people, ix. 6 sq. ; transferred to animals in Africa and other parts of the world, ix. 31 sqq., xi. 181 ; trans- ferred to animals in Europe, ix. 49 sqq. ; bonfires a protection against, x. 108, 109. See also Disease
Sicknesses expelled in a ship, ix. 185 sqq.
Sicyon, the wooing of Agariste at, ii. 307 ; shrine of Aesculapius at, v. 81 ; the sanctuary of Wolfish Apollo *at, viii. 283 ; wolves at, viii. 283, 284
Sidon, kings of, as priests of Aslarte, v. 26
Siebold, H. von, on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 185 n.
Sieg, the Yule log in the valley of the, x. 248
Sum, king, among the Khasis of Assam, vi. 210 n.1
Siena, the, of the Ivory Coast, their totemism, xi. 220 «.a
Sierck, town on the Moselle, the mayor of, officiates at the lighting of the Midsummer fire, x. 164
Sierra Leone, the Grebo people of, iii. 14 ; custom of beating a king before pro- claiming him in, iii. 18 ; the Pleiades
observed by the natives of, vii. 317 sq.\ birth-trees in, xi. 160 ; secret society in, xi. 260 sq.
Sierra Nevada in Colombia, the Auro- huaca Indians of the, iii. 215, 216
Sieves in homoeopathic magic, i. 157 ; in rain-making, i. 251 ; water poured through, as a rain-charm, i. 285 ; children at birth placed in, vii. 6 sqq. ; divination by, x. 236
Sigai, hero in form of shark, v. 139 n.1
Sigurd and the dragon Fafnir, iii. 324, viii. 146
Sihanaka, the, of Madagascar, funeral custom of the, vi. 246 ; transference of sickness to things among the, ix. 2 sq.
Sikhim, kings of, puppets in the hands of priests, iii. 20 ; villagers in, their fear of being photographed, iii. 98 ; the people of, believe that ores and veins of metal are the treasure of earth-spirits, iii. 407 n.z ; offerings at cairns in, ix. 26 ; demonolatry m, ix. 94 ; custom after a funeral in, xi. 18
Silberberg, in Bohemia, custom at flax- dressing in, vii. 194
Silence observed by women in making pottery, ii. 204 ; enforced during ab- sence of fisher, viii. 256 ; at transferring fever to willow, ix. 58 ; compulsory, to deceive demons, ix. 132 sq. , 140; compulsory on girls at puberty, x. 29, 57 ; at bathing on Easter Saturday night, x. 123 ; at fetching water on Easter Saturday night, x. 124 ; at digging the root of the yellow mullein at midnight on Midsummer Eve, xi. 63 ; at cutting a branch of hazel to form a divining-rod by night on Mid- summer Eve, xi. 67 ; in passing a ruptured or rickety child through a cleft tree, xi. 171 ; in creeping through a hoop of willow as a cure, xi. 184
Silenuses, minor deities associated with Dionysus, viii. i sq.
Silesia, custom as to children's cast teeth in, i. 181 ; precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 54 sq. \ Whitsun- tide King in, ii. 84; contest for the kingship at Whitsuntide in, ii. 89 sq. ; St. George's Day in, ii. 336 sq. ; Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 207 n.1 \ "Carrying out Death " in, iv. 236 sq. •239 sq. , 250^. , 264^. , x. 1 19 ; bringing in Summer in, iv. 246 ; athletic sports at harvest in, vii. 76 ; the Grandmother sheaf at harvest in, vii. 136 ; the last sheaf called the Old Woman or Old Man in, vii. 138, 148^.; Girlachsdorf in, vii. 138 ; Hermsdorf in, vii. 139 ; woman binder of last sheaf tied up in it in, vii. 139, 222 ; loaf baked from corn
462
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
^>f last sheaf in, vii. 148 sg. ; Langen- 'bielau in, vii. 148 ; the Wheat-bride, Oats-bride, Oats-king, and Oats-queen at harvest in, vii. 163 sq. ; Neisse in, vii. 164; man who binds the last sheaf called the Beggar- man in, vii. 231 ; Alt Lest in, vii. 231 ; corn-stalks left on harvest-field in, vii. 233 ; man who cuts or binds last sheaf called Wheat- dog or Peas-pug in, vii. 272 ; reaping the last corn called ' ' catching the Wolf" in, vii. 273 ; the Harvest-cock in, vii. 277 ; reaping the last corn called "catching the Cat" in, vii. 280; reaper of last corn called the Tom-cat in, vii. 281 ; Gnineberg in, vii. 281 ; last sheaf shaped like a horned ox in, vii. 289 ; Bunzlau in, vii. 289 ; "catching the quail" at harvest in, vii. 295 ; ex- pulsion of witches on Good Friday in, ix. 157 ; precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ix. 162 sq. ; precautions against witches at Christ- mas and New Year in, ix. 164 ; "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 268, 269; mode of reckoning the Twelve Days in, ix. 327 ; Spachendorf in, x. 119 ; fires to burn the witches in, x. 160 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 170 sq., 175; need-fire in, x. 278 ; witches as cats in, x. 319 sq. ; divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53
Silili, a Babylonian goddess, ix. 371
Silius Italicus, on the fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14 «.3
Silk-cotton trees reverenced, ii. 14 sq.
Silkworms, taboos observed by breeders of, Hi. 194
Sill of door, unlucky children passed under the, xi. 190
Silvanus, the Roman wood-god, his re- presentations in art, ii. 45 n.2\ associ- ated with Diana, ii. 121 ; god of cattle as well as woods, ii. 124 ; associated with the Fauns, viii. 2
Silver and gold as totems, iii. 227 n.
Silver poplar a charm against witchcraft, ii. 336
sixpence or button used to shoot
witches with, x. 316
Silvia and Mars, story of, xi. 192
Silvii, the family name of the kings of Alba, ii. 178 sqq., 192, 379
Silvius, first king of Alba, ii. 179
Simbang, in German New Guinea, belief in the transmigration of human souls into crocodiles at, viii. 295
Simbirsk, Government of, in Russia, the f| Funeral of Kostroma" in, iv. 262
Simeon, prince of Bulgaria, his life bound up with the capital of a column, xi. 156 sq.
Similarity in magic, law of, i. 52, 53
Similkameen Indians, of British Columbia, eat hearts of bears to make them brave, viii. 146
Simla, annual fair and dance near, x. 12
Simplification, danger of excessive simpli- fication in science, i. 332 sq.
Simpson, W., as to Emperors of China, iii. 125 «.8
Simurgh and Rustem, in Firdusi's Epic of Kings, x. 104
Sin regarded as something material, iii. 214, 216, 217 sq. ; transferred to things, ix. 3. See also Sins
Sin -eater, the, ix. 43 sq.
-eating in Wales, ix. 43 sq.
offering, x. 82
Sinai, " Mistress of Turquoise " at, v. 35
Sinaitic Peninsula, annual festival of Bedouins in the, iv. 97
Sinaugolo tribe of British New Guinea, women after childbirth not allowed to handle food in the, iii. 147 sq.
Sinew of the thigh, customs and myths as to, viii. 264 sqq.
Sinews of sacrificial ox cut, vi. 252 ; of dead men cut to disable their ghosts, viii. 272
Singa Bonga, spirit who dwells in the sun, the first-fruits of the harvest dedicated to him by the Hos of Bengal, viii. 117
Singalang Burong, a Dyak war-god, in- voked in a long liturgy at the Head- feast, ix. 383, 384 n.1 ; the Ruler of the Spirit World, story of the marriage of his daughter to a mortal man, iv. 127 sq.
Singarmati Devi, Indian goddess, wor- shipped by breeders of silkworms in Mirzapur, iii. 194
Singer, charm to become a good, i. 156 ; navel-string used to make a boy a fine, i. 197 sq. ; the best, chosen chief, ii. 298 sq.
Singhalese, their fear of demons, iii. 233 sq. ; their use of iron as a talisman against demons, iii. 233 sq. ; unlock locks to facilitate childbirth, iii. 297 ; their custom of tying a knot as a charm on a threshing-floor, iii. 308 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 69. See also Cingalese
Singhalese custom as to cast teeth, i. 180
sorcerers, their use of magical
images, i. 65
Singing to the moon by wives and sisters in the absence of the men, i. 125
Singleton, Miss A. H. , on hunting the wren in Ireland, viii. 320 n.1 ; on an Irish cure for whooping-cough, xi. 192 n.1
Sink or swim, in divination, i. 196 ; test
GENERAL INDEX
463
used to determine a new incarnation,
i. 413
Sins, the remission of, through the shedding of blood, v. 299 ; transferred to a buffalo calf, ix. 36 sg. ; trans- ferred vicariously to human beings, ix. 39 sqq. ; of people transfeired to animals, ix. 210 ; the Jewish con- fession of, over the scapegoat, ix. 210 ; the absolution of, pronounced by the Mikado, ix. 213 n.1 ; Delaware Indian remedies for, 4ix. 263
, confession of, i. 266, iii. 114, 191,
195, 2ii sq.t 214 sgg., ix. 31, 36, 127; originally a magical ceremony, iii. 217
Sinsharishkun, last kingof Assyria, burned himself in his palace, v. 174
Sintang, district of West Borneo, use of rice to attract souls in, iii. 35
Sinuessa, in Campania, its waters thought to fertilize women, ii. 161
Siouan tribes of North America, names of clans not used in ordinary conversa- tion among the, xi. 224 n.2
Sioux Indians ate the hearts of brave enemies to make themselves brave, viii. 150 ; their respect for turtles, viii. 243 ; ritual of death and resurrection among the, xi, 268 sq.
girl sacrificed for the crops, vii.
238 sq.
Siphnos, titular kings in, i. 46 «.4 ; cere- monies at felling a tree in the island of,
ii. 37
Siphoum, in Laos, taboos observed by salt- workers at, iii. 200
Sipi in Northern India, annual fair and dance at, x. 12
Sipylus, Mother Plastene on Mount, v. 185
Siriac or Sothic period in ancient Egypt, vi. 36
Sirius (the Dog-star), the soul of Isis in, iv. 5 ; observed by Egyptian astrono- mers, vi. 27 ; called Sothis by the Egyptians, vi. 34 ; date of its rising in ancient Egypt, vi. 34 ; heliacal rising of, on July 2oth, vi. 34 n.1, 93 ; the star of Isis, vi 34, 119 ; its rising marked the beginning of the sacred Egyptian year, vi. 35 ; its rising ob- served in Ceos, vi. 35 n.1 ; sacrifices offered at its rising on the top of Mount Pelion, vi. 36 n. ; in connexion with the Sed festival, vi. 152 sq. ; associated with Ishtar, ix. 359 n.1; how the Bushmen warm up, x. 332 sq.
Sis in Cilicia, v. 144
Sister, marriage with, in royal families, iv. 193 sq.
- and brother not allowed to mention
each other's names, iii. 344
of a god, v. 51
Sister's Beam (Sororium tigillum) at Rome, xi. 194, 195 «.4
children preferred ,o man's own
children, mark of mother-kin, ii. 285
Sisters, taboos observed by, in the absence of their brothers, i. 122, 123, 125, 127 ; kings marry their, v. 316
of king, licence accorded to, ii.
274 sqq.
of hunters, taboos observed by, i.
122
Sisters-in-law, their names not to be pro- nounced, iii. 338, 342, 343 Sisyphus, the stone of, x. 298 Sit (Set), malignant Egyptian god, iii. 68.
See Set Sita, wife of Rama, the Holy Basil (tulasi)
regarded as an embodiment of, n. 26 Sithon, king of the Odomanti, and his
daughter Pallene, ii. 307 Sitting on the ground prohibited to
warriors, iii. 159, 162, 163 Situa, annual festival of the Incas, ix.
128 Siu, a Sea Dyak, and his bird wife, iv.
127 sg. Siva, one of the persons of the Hindoo
Trinity, i. 404 ; his wife Gauri, ii.
77 sg. and Parvati, marriage of the images
of, iv. 265 sg. Six hundred and sixty-six, the number of
the Beast, iv. 44 Sixpence, silver, witches shot with a, x.
316 Sixth day of the moon, mistletoe cut on
the, xi. 77
Sixty years, cycles of, xi. 77 n.1 Siyins of North - Eastern India, their
belief in demons, ix. 93 Sizu in Cilicia, v. 144 Skates worshipped by the Indians of Peril,
viii. 250
Skatsantxari, fiends or monsters in Mace- donia, ix. 320 Skeat, W. W. , on Malay rain-making, i.
262 ; on the sanctity of the regalia
among the Malays, i. 398 ; on the
Rice-mother and Rice-child among the
Malays, vii. 197 sqq. and Blagdon, C. O. , on the power
of medicine-men among the wild tribes
of the Malay Peninsula, i. 360 sq. Skein, tangled, as a talisman to keep off
ghosts, ix. 153 n.1
Skeleton drenched with water as a rain- charm, i. 284 Skene, W. F. , on the Picts as Celts, ii,
286 «.2 Skin of slain animal placed on a dead
man to recruit his strength, iii. 68 sq. ;
of sacrificial victim in Greek ritual, iii.
464
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
312 ; of ox stuffed and set up, v. 296 sq. , *" viii. 5 ; body of Egyptian dead placed in a bull's, vi. 15 «.2 ; of sacrificial victim used in the rite of the new birth, vi. 155 sq. ; of sacrificed ram placed on statue of Ammon, viii. 41, 172 ; of sacrificed bird or animal, uses of, viii. 170. 173 sq. See also Skins
Skin-disease,bathing in dew at Midsummer as remedy for, v. 247, 248, x. 208 ; caused by eating a sacred animal, viii. 25 sqq. ; supposed remedy for, ix. 266 ; Mexican remedy for, ix. 298 ; leaping over ashes of fire as remedy for, xi. 2 ; traditional cure of, in India, xi. 192
Skinner, Principal J. , on the burnt sacrifice of children, vi. 219
Skins of sacrificed animals hung in sacred groves, ii. n ; of horses stuffed and set up at graves, v. 293, 294 ; of sacrificed animals stuffed or stretched on frameworks, viii. 5, 257 sq. ; of sacrificial victims used to beat people, ix. 265 ; creatures that slough their, supposed to renew their youth, ix. 302 sqq.
of human victims, uses made of,
v. 293 ; worn by men in Mexico, ix. 265 sq.t 288, 290, 294 jr^., 296 sqg., 301 sq.
Skipping-rope played by Gilyaks at bear- festival, viii. 192
Skoptsi or Skoptsy, the, a fanatical Russian sect, mutilate themselves, ii. 145 ».*, iv. 196 n.3
Skull of dead king, drinking out of, as a means of inspiration, iv. 200, vi. 171 ; drinking out of a human, in order to acquire the qualities of the deceased, viii. 150 ; of enemy, lad at circum- cision seated on, viii. 1^3. See also Skulls
Skull-cap worn by girls at their first menstruation, iii. 146 ; worn by Aus- tralian widows, iii. 182 «.2
Skulls used as charms to cause invisi- bility, i. 150 ; of racoons prayed to for rain, i. 288 ; of bears nailed to sacred firs, ii. ii ; of dead used as drinking- cups among the Australian aborigines, iii. 372 ; of dead kings of Uganda removed and kept, iv. 202 sq., vi. 169; human, as protection against powers of evil, vii. 241 ; the Place of, vii. 243 ; spirits of ancestors in their, viii. 123 ; of bears worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 181, 184; of foxes consulted as oracles, viii. 181 ; of bears as talismans, viii. 197 ; of turtles propitiated by turtle- fishermen, viii. 244 ; of enemies de- stroyed, viii. 260
•— — , ancestral, used in magical cere-
monies, i. 163 ; in rain -charm, i. 285 ; rubbed as a propitiation, iii. 197 ; offerings set beside, viii. 127 Sky, twins called the children of the, i. 267, 268 ; appeal to the pity of the, as a rain-charm, i. 302 sq. ; Aryan god of the, ii. 374 sq. \ observation of the, for omens, iv. 58 ; conceived by the Egyptians as a cow, v. 283 «.3 ; girls at puberty not allowed to look at the, x. 43, 45, 46, 69
and earth, myth of their violent
separation, v. 283
Sky-god, Attis as a, v. 282 sqq. ; married to Earth-goddess, v. 282, with n.2 ; mutilation of the, v. 283 ; invoked at Eleusis, vii. 69
god Zeus, vii. 65
goddess, the Egyptian, ix. 341
spirit, sacrifice of children to, iv.
181
Skye, x. 289 ; sacred wood in the island of, ii. 44 ; the need-fire in, ii. 238, x. 148 ; the last sheaf called the Cripple or Lame Goat at harvest in, vii. 164, 284
Sladen, Colonel, expulsion of fire-spirit among the Shans witnessed by, ix. 141
Slain, fear of the ghosts of the, iii. 165 sqq.
Slane, the hill of, Paschal fire lit by St. Patrick on the, x. 158
Slaughter of the Dragon, drama of the, at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78 sqq., 89 ; myth of the, iv. 105 sqq.
of prisoners often a sacrifice to the
gods, v. 290 n.2
Slave, charm to bring back a runaway, i. 152, 317 ; whipped for rain or sun- shine, i. 297 ; treated as the repre- sentative of heaven, i. 399 sq.
Slave Indians will not taste blood, iii. 241 ; do not pare nails of female children, iii. 263
priests at Nemi, i. ii
women, religious ceremony per- formed by, ii. 313, ix. 258
Slave Coast of West Africa, custom ob- served by the mother of stillborn twins on the, i. 269 «.1; the Ewe negroes of the, i. 317, iii. 263 ; the Ewe- speaking peoples of the, ii. 15, 149, iii. 9, 116, 119, 222, 323, v. 83 n.1, ix. 74 ; negroes of the, their story of a fungus which revealed a murder, ii. 33 ; negroes of the, allure the tree-spirit from the tree, ii. 35 ; exorcism of demons from children on the, iii. 106 ; Jebu on the, iii. 121 ; children pro- tected against demons by iron on the, iii. 235 ; the Yoruba-speaking negroes of the, iii. 952, viii, 149 ; custom at
GENERAL INDEX
465
end of mourning on the, iii. 286 ; pre- caution as to the spittle of kings on the, iii. 289 ; Porto Novo on the, iv. 117 ; Whydah on the, iv. 188 ; sacred men and women on the, v. 65, 68 ; the Adeli of the, viii. 116 ; custom of widows on the, xi. 18 sq. ; use of bull- roarers on the, xi. 229 n. See also Ewe negroes
Slaves succeed to kingdom in Ashantee in default of sons and sisters' sons, ii. 275 ; succeed to kingdom in the Fantee country to exclusion of sons, ii. 275 ; licence granted to, at Saturnalia, ii. 312, ix. 307^., 350^., 351 sq. ; female, licence accorded to, at the Nonas Caprotinae, ii. 313 sq. ; run- away, charm for recovering, iii. 305 sq. ; sacrificed as substitutes for their masters at the funeral of a king, iv. 117; sacred, in Western Asia, v. 39 n.1 ; feasted by their masters, ix. 308, 350 sq. ; feasted by their mistresses, ix. 346. See also Slave
of the Earth Gods among the Ewe
negroes, viii. 61, 62 n.1
Slavonia, "Carrying out Death" in, iv. 240 ; Good Friday custom in, ix. 268 ; the Yule log in, x. 262 sq. ; need- fire in, x. 282
(South), peasants of, threaten fruit- trees to make them bear fruit, ii. 21 ; crown their cattle on St. George's Day as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 sq. ; the measures they take to bring down witches from the clouds, x. 345. See also Slavonians and Slavs
Slavonian bride led thrice round the fire of her new home, ii. 230
custom of throwing a knife or a hat
at a whirlwind, i. 329
Slavonians, South, housebreaker's charm to cause sleep among the, i. 148 ; thief's charm among the, i. 153 ; their custom as to cast teeth, i. 178 ; their belief as to trees growing on graves, ii. 32 sq. ; their belief .as to the fertilization of barren women by fruit-trees, ii. 56 sq. , 344 ; wash their cows in dew on Midsummer morning, ii. 127 ; their custom of im- pregnating a woman by sparks of fire, ii. 231 ; their belief as to stepping over a person, iii. 424 ; transfer their lazi- ness to a cornel-tree, ix. 54 sq. See also Slavonia and Slavs
Slavonic countries, the corn-spirit as a dog or wolf in, vii. 271
custom of "Carrying out Death,"
ix. 230
peoples, harvest customs concerning
the last sheaf among the, vii. 144 sqq.\
" Easter Smacks " among the, ix. 268 ; need-fire among the, x. 280 sqq. , 344
Slavonic stories of the external soul, xi. 108 sqq.
year, the beginning of the, ix. 228
Slavs, tree-worship among the heathen, ii. 9 ; love charms and divination on St. George's Day among the, ii. 345 sq. \ the thunder-god Perun of the, ii. 365 ; custom of regicide among the, iv. 52 ; festival of the New Year among the old, iv. 221 ; the old, began their year with March, iv. 221 sq. \ " Sawing the Old Woman " among the, iv. 242 ; the Corn-mother among the, vii. 132, 135 ; black god and white god among the, ix. 92 ; the oak a sacred tree among the, xi. 89 ; oak-wood used to kindle sacred fires among the, xi. 91
of the Balkan Peninsula, their mode
of kindling fire by friction, ii. 237 ; will not blow on fire of hearth with their mouths, ii. 241 ; locks and keys as amulets among the, iii. 308
of Carinthia, Green George on St.
George's Day among the, ii. 75, 343
, South, their magic of footprints, i.
211 ; St. George's Day the chief fes- tival of spring among the, ii. 339 sq. ; divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 ».4; names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 337 ; practice of child- less women among the, in order to obtain children, v. 96 ; children of living parents at marriage among the, vi. 246 ; Midsummer fires among the, x. 178 ; the Yule log among the, x. 247, 258 sqq. ; divination from flowers at Midsummer among the, xi. 50 ; their belief in the activity of witches at Midsummer, xi. 74 sq. ; need -fire sometimes kindled by the friction of oak-wood among the, xi.
9i , the Western, religious capital of,
i- 383
Slayers of leopards, rules of diet observed by, viii. 230 sq.
Slaying of the Dragon, annual drama at Furth in Bavaria, ii. 163 sq. \ of the king in legend, iv. 120 sqq. ; of the Dragon by Apollo at Delphi, vi. 240 sq.
Sleeman, General Sir William, on the use of scapegoats in India, ix. 190 sq.
Sleep, homoeopathic magic of the dead used to produce, i. 147 sqq.] charms employed by burglars to cause, i. 148 sq. ; absence of soul in, iii. 36 sqq. ; forbidden in house after a death, iii. 37 sq. ; sick people not allowed to, iii, 95 ; on the ground forbidden, iii. no ; in bed forbidden, iii. 194; forbidden
466
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
to unsuccessful eagle-hunter, iii. 199; 'magic, at initiation, xi. 256 sq.
Sleep of the god in winter, according to the Phrygians, vi. 41
M of war," among the Blackfoot
Indians, i. 147
Sleeper not to be wakened suddenly, iii. 39 sqq. ; not to be moved nor his appearance altered, iii. 41 sq.
Sleeping by day forbidden to women during the absence of warriors, i. 127 sq. \ on the ground, custom observed by certain priests, ii. 248
Sligo, County, the Druids' Hill in, x. 229
Sloe, twigs of the, burnt on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 *q.
Slope of Big Stones in Harris, x. 227
of Virbius on the Esquiline hill at
Rome, i. 4 ».6, ii. 321
Sloth, the animal, imitated by masker, ix. 381
Sloughing the skin supposed to be a mode of renewing youth, ix. 302 sqq.
Slovenes, their custom of Green George on St. George's Day, ii. 79, 343
of Overkrain burn a straw puppet
on Shrove Tuesday, ii. 93
Slovenians, their belief in the activity of witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 75
Slow-footed animals not eaten by some savage tribes lest they make the eaters slow also, viii. 139 sq. ; eaten by pre- ference by the Bushmen, viii. 140 sq.
Small Bird clan of the Dinkas, iv. 31
Smallpox not mentioned by its proper name, iii. 400, 410, 411, 416 ; Chinese cure for, by means of beans and a winnowing-sieve, vii. 9 sq. ; clay figures offered as substitutes for living persons to the spirit of, viii. 106 ; transference of, in Mirzapur, ix. 6 ; demon of, transferred to a sow, ix. 33 ; attempt to deceive the spirit of, ix. 112 n.2 ; blood of monkey used to exorcize the devil of, ix. 117 ; spirit of, dismissed with tokens of respect and good- will, ix. 119 ; spirit of, driven out of village by drumming and dancing, ix. 120 ; flight from the evil spirit of, ix. 122 sq. ; barricade of cutting weapons erected against the evil spirit of, ix. 122 ; demon of, expelled by means of an image, ix. 172 ; expelled in a proa from Buru, ix. 186 ; sent away in a canoe by the Yabim of New Guinea, ix. 1 88 sq.
Smearing the body as a means of impart- ing certain qualities, viii. 162 sqq.
- blood on the person as a purifica- tion, iii. 104, 115 ; on persons, dogs, and weapons as a mode of pacifying their souls, iii. 2x9 ; on worshippers as
a mode of communion with the deity, viii. 316
Smearing fat on person after a long absence, iii. 112
gall of eagle on eyes of blear-sighted
persons, i. 154
lampblack on forehead to avert the
evil eye, vi. 261
porridge on the face before and after
a journey, iii. 112 ; on the bodies of manslayers, iii. 176
red paint on girls at puberty, x. 31
sheep's entrails on body as mode of
purification, iii. 174
white clay on people after festival
of first-fruits, viii. 75 ; on novices at initiation, xi. 255 n.1, 259
Smell, evil, used to drive demons away, vi. 261, ix. 112
Smeroe, Mount, volcano in Java, idols worshipped on, v. 221
Smet, J. de, on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 n.1
Smintheus Apollo, his worship said to have been instituted in order to avert mice, viii. 283 ; image of mouse in his temple in the Troad, viii. 283
Smith, George Adam, on fertility of Bethlehem, v. 257 «.8
Smith, Professor G. C. Moore, on the Straw-bear at Whittlesey, viii. 329
Smith, W. Robertson, on rain thought to be caused by defilement, i. 301 «.2 ; on the hunting of souls, iii. 77 «.*; on the Raskolniks, iii. 96 n.1 ; on the covenant formed by eating together, iii. 130 n.1 ; on the Mosaic laws com- pared with savage customs, iii. 219 n.1 ; on Arab legend of king bled to death, iii. 243 n.1 ; on the original sanctity of domestic animals, iii. 247 «.5 ; on a vintage piaculum, iv. 8 n.1 ; on the date of the month Tammuz, v. 10 n.1 ; on anointing as consecration, v. 21 n.3 ; on Baal as god of fertility, v. 26 sq. ; on caves in Semitic religion, v. 169 n.s ; on Tophet, v. 177 n.4 ; on the predominance of goddesses over gods in early Semitic religion, vi. 213 ; on the sacrifice of children to Moloch, vi. 220 n.1 • on the date of the month Lous at Babylon, vii. 259 n l ; on the bouphonia, viii. 5 «.2 ; on the sacrifice of wild boars in Cyprus, viii. 23 «.8 ; on ceremonial purification, viii. 27 ».8 ; on the annual sacrifice of a sacred animal, viii. 31 n.1; on the reverence of pastoral peoples for their cattle, viii. 35 «.2 ; as to disrespect for herring, viii. 251 ».5 ; on the sinew of the thigh, viii. 266 n.1 ; on a Syrian remedy for caterpillars, viii. 280 n. ; on an Arab
GENERAL INDEX
467
cure for melancholy, ix. 4 «.2; on Semiramis, ix. 369 sq.
Smith, a spectral, x. 136
Smith Sound, the Esquimaux of, iii. 32 «.a
Smith's craft regarded as uncanny, iii. 236 n.6
Smiths sacred, i. 349 ; viewed as inspired, iii. 237 n.
Smoke used in rain-making, i. 249, 291 ; of cedar inhaled as means of inspira- tion, i. 383 sq. ; as a charm against witchcraft, ii. 330 ; made in imitation ot rain-clouds, x. 133 ; used to stupefy witches in the clouds, x. 345 ; used to fumigate sheep and cattle, xi. 12, 13
• of bonfires, omens drawn from the,
x. 116, 131, 337 ; intended to drive away dragons, x. 161 ; allowed to pass over corn, x. 201, 337
of Midsummer bonfires a preserva- tive against ills, x. 188 ; a protection against disease, x. 192 ; beneficial effects of, x. 214 sq.
of Midsummer herbs a protection
against thunder and lightning, xi. 48 ; used to fumigate cattle, xi. 53
of need-fire used to fumigate fruit- trees, nets, and cattfe, x. 280
Smoke -hole, remains of slain bear at festival brought into the house through the, viii. 189^., 196, 256, 256 n.1
Smoking as a means of inducing prophetic trance or inspiration, iv. 201, vi. 172 ; as a means of inducing state of ecstasy, viii. 72 ; to appease a rattlesnake, viii. 219 ; in honour of slain bears, viii. 224, 226
Smoking first tobacco of season, cere- mony at, viii. 82
Smolensk Government, St. George's Day in the, ii. 333 sq.
Smut in wheat, ceremony to prevent, ix. 3'8
Smyth, R. Brough, on fire customs of the Australian aborigines, ii. 257 ; on menstruous women in Australia, x. ^3
Snail supposed to suck blood of cattle, iii. 8 1 sq.
Snails as scapegoats, ix. 52, 53
Snake, used in rain-making, i. 287 sq. ; rajahs of Manipur descended from a, iv. 133 ; white, eaten to acquire supernatural knowledge, viii. 146 ; wor- shipped, viii. 316 sq. ; said to wound a girl at puberty, x. 56 ; seven-headed, external soul of witch in a, xi. 144 ; external soul of medicine-man in a, xi. 199. See also Snakes and Serpent
_ — or lizard in annual ceremony for the riddance of evils, ix. 208
Snake - bites, homoeopathic charms
against, i. 152 sq. \ cured by snake- stones, i. 165 ; rattlesnake dance to ensure immunity from, i. 358 ; inocu- lation against, viii. 160
Snake clan exposed their infants to snakes, viii 174 sq.
entwined goddess found at Gournia
in Crete, v. 88
-priest, his ceremonies to appease
spirit of slain serpent, viii. 219
skin a charm against witchcraft, ii.
336
stones thought to cure snake-bites,
i. 165 ; superstitions as to, x. 15 sq. ; belief of the Scottish Highlanders con- cerning, xi. 311
tribe in the Punjaub, their worship
of snakes, viii. 316 sq. ; their treatment of dead snakes, viii. 317
Snake's tongue on St. George's Day or Eve, a charm to ensure talkativeness, ii. 345 n. , viii. 270
Snakes, magical ceremony for the multi- plication of, i. 90 ; human wives of, ii. 149, 150 ; not called by their proper names, iii. 399f 401 sq. , 407, 408, 411 ; as fathers of human beings, v. 82 ; fed with milk, v. 84 sqq. \ respected by North American Indians, viii. 217 sqq. \ sacred at Whydah, viii. 287 ; souls of dead princes in, viii. 288 ; souls of dead in, viii. 293, 294 sq. \ dead, accorded a regular funeral, viii. 317 ; fat of, used as a hair-restorer, x. 14 ; thought to congregate on Midsummer Eve or the Eve of May Day, x. 15 sq. ; rain- water used as a charm against, x. 17 ; spirits of plants and trees in the form of, xi. 44 n. ; sympathetically related to human beings, xi. 209 sq. See also Snake, Pythons, Rattlesnakes, and Serpents
Snapping the thumbs to prevent the departure of the soul, iii. 31
Snares set for souls, iii. 69
Snipe, fever transferred to a, ix. 51
Snorri Sturluson, on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, vi. 100
Snow, external soul of a king in, xi. toa
Snowdon, rain-making on, i. 307
"Sober" sacrifices, offered without wine by the ancient Greeks, i. 311 n.1
Sobk, a crocodile-shaped Egyptian god, identified with the sun, vi. 123
Sochit or Socket, epithet of I sis, vi. 117
Social progress, i. 420
ranks, inversion of, at festivals, ix.
350. 4«>7 revolution from democracy to
despotism, i. 371 Societies, secret, in North - Western
468
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
America, ix. 377 sqq. \ and clans, * totemic, related to each other, xi. 272 sq. See also Secret societies
Society, uniformity of occupation in primitive, i. 245 ; ancient, built on the principle of the subordination of the individual to the community, v. 300 ; stratification of religion accord- ing to types of, viii. 35 sqq. \ three stages of, the hunting, the pastoral, and the agricultural, viii. 35, 37
Society Islanders, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 312
Islands, offering of first-fruits in
the, viii. 132 sqq.
Socrates, church historian, on sacred prostitution, v. 37 «.2; on a reported murder of a Christian child by Jews, ix. 394 sq.
Stfderblom, N. , on an attempted reform of the old Iranian religion, vi. 83 n.2
Sodewa Bai and the golden necklace, story of, xi. 99 sq.
Sodom and Gomorrah, the destruction of, v. 222 n.1
Sods, grassy, a protection against witches, ii. 54 ; of turf, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 335, 338 ; freshly cut, a protection against witches, ix. 163
Sodza, a lightning goddess, among the Hos of Togoland, ii. 370
Soemara, in Celebes, were- wolf at, x. 312
Soerakarta, district of Java, conduct of natives in an earthquake, v. 202 n.1
Soest, customs at flax-pulling near, vii. 225
Sofala in East Africa, the Caffres of, their objection to be struck with any- thing hollow, i. 157 ; king of, revered as a god by his people, i. 392 ; kings of, put to death, iv. 37 sq. ; dead kings of, consulted as oracles, iv. 201 ; the Makalanga near, x. 135 «.2
Sogamoso or Sogamozo, in South America, the pontiff of, supernatural powers ascribed to, i. 416 ; heir to the throne of, not allowed to see the sun, x. 19
Sogble, a lightning god, among the Hos of Togoland, ii. 370
Sogne Fiord in Norway, Balder 's Grove on the, x. 104, xi. 315
Soissons, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 n.1
Sokari (Seker), a title of Osiris, vi. 87
Soku, West Africa, cut hair buried in cairns at, iii. 274 sq.
Sol invictus, title of Mithra, v. 304 n.1
Solatium campylantkuni) burned by Nandi women in the cornfields, vi. 47
Solaparuta in Sicily, custom on Palm Sunday at, i. 300
Solar festival in spring, xi. 3
Solar and lunar years, early attempts to harmonize, iv. 68 sq., vii. 80 sq.t ix. 325^. 339. 341 sqq.
myth theory, i. 333
theory of the fires of the fire- festivals, x. 329, 331 sqq.t xi. i$sq.t 72
Soldiers, foods tabooed to, in Madagascar, i. 117 sq. ; Roman, celebration of the Saturnalia by, ii. 310, ix. 308 sq. See also Warriors
Solms-Laubach, Graf zu, on the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ii. 314 «.2
Solok district of Sumatra, rain-making in, i. 278
Solomon, King, his name used by Malay fowlers in snaring pigeons, iii. 408, 418 ; puts Adom-jah to death, v. 51 n.z
, the Baths of, in Northern Pales- tine, resorted to by childless wives in the hope of obtaining children, v. 78 ; in Moab, visited by barren women in order to get children, v. 215 sq.
Solomon Islanders, their expulsion of demons, ix. 116
Islands, Florida, one of the, iii. 80,
viii. 85, 126, 297 ; places sacred to ghosts in the, iii. 80 ; pigs sacrificed to ghosts in the, iii. 247 ; San Cristoval in the, iii. 247 ; fear of passing under a fallen tree in the, iii. 250 ; Ugi, one of the, iii. 250, 277 ; cut hair buried in the, to prevent it falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 277 ; ghosts of gardens feared in the, viii. 85 ; Guadal- canar, one of the, viii. 126 ; first-fruits offered to the dead in the, viii. 126 sq. ; Saa, one of the, viii. 127, 297 ; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in the, viii. 296 sqq. ; Savo, one of the, viii. 297 ; Ulawa, one of the, viii. 297, 298 ; fatigue transferred to sticks, stones, or leaves in the, ix. 9
Soldr, in Norway, harvest custom at, vii. 225
Solstice, the summer, and the Olympic festival, iv. 90 ; swinging at, iv. 280 ; the Nile rises at, vi. 31 ar.1, 33 ; Basuto chiefs regulate the calendar at, vii. 117 ; rain-making ceremony of the Zuni at, viii. 179 ; new fire kindled by the Zuni at, x. 132, 133 ; its importance for primitive man, x. 160 sq.
, the winter, reckoned by the ancients
the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303, x. 246 ; Egyptian ceremony at, vi. 50 ; Aztec festival of killing and eating a god at, viii. 90 ; dramatic processions represent- ing the corn spirit at, viii. 325 ; festival of the Koryaks after, ix. 126 sq.\ new fire kindled by the Zuni at, x. 132; Persian festival of fire at, x. 269
GENERAL INDEX
469
Solstices observed by California!! Indians, vii. 125 ; festivals of fire at the, x. 132 sq., 246, 247, 331 sq. ; the old pagan festivals of the two, consecrated as the birthdays of Christ and St. John the Baptist, x. 181 sq. ; fern-seed gathered at the, xi. 290 sq. ; mistletoe gathered at the, xi. 291 sq.
Solstitial fires perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292
Soma, Hindoo deity, x. 99 n.2 ; sacrifice of, in Vedic India, iii. 159 n. ; wor- ship of the stone which presses out the juice of the, ix. 90
Somali, maniage custom of the, vi. 246, 247
Somersetshire, Midsummer fires in, x. 199
Somerville, Professor William, on the time for coupling ewes and rams, ii. 328 «.4 ; on the agricultural term "to stool," vii. 193 n.
Somme, the river, ceremony of carrying lighted torches on the first Sunday in Lent in villages on, x. 113 ; the depart- ment of, mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 58
Sommerberg, the Grass King at Whit- suntide on the, ii. 86
Somosomo, a Fijian island, sacredness of priests and chiefs in, i. 389
Son, father thought to be reborn in his, iv. 188 sqq. , 287 (288 in Second Im- pression) ; abdication of father on birth of a son in Polynesia, iv. 190 ; abdication of father when his son comes of age, in Fiji, iv. 191 ; father fought and dispossessed by his son among the Corannas, iv. 191 sq.
" of the Father," ix. 419 sq.
' of God, alleged incarnation of the,
in America, i. 409
• of a god, v. 51. See also Sons
of the king sacrificed for his father,
iv. 1 60 sqq.
Son-in-law, his name not to be pro- nounced, iii. 338 sq.t 344, 345
Songish or Lkungen tribe of Vancouver Island, their formal reception of the first salmon caught in the season, viii.
254
Songs of the corn-reapers, vii. 214 sqq. ; liturgical, revealed by gods, ix. 381
- and dances, religious, of North- West American Indians, ix. 378 sq.
Sonnenberg, gout transferred to fir-trees in, ix. 56
Sonnerat, French traveller, on the fire- walk in India, xi. 6 sqq.
Sons, Roman kings not succeeded by their, ii. 270 ; of king's sister preferred to king's own sons under female kin- ship, ii. 274 sq.
Sons of God, v. 78 sqq.
of gods, iv. 5
Soosoos of Senegambia, their secret
society, xi. 261 sq. Sopater accused of binding the winds, L
325
Sophocles, on the calamities entailed by the crimes of Oedipus, ii. 115 ; on the wooing of Dejanira by the river Achelous, ii. 161 sq. ; on the burning of Hercules, v. in ; his play Tripto- lemus, vii. 54
Soracte, Mount, ix. 311; sanctuary of Feronia at, iv. 186 n.9 ; fire-walk of the Hirpi Sorani on, xi. 14 sq.
"Soranian Wolves" (Hirpi Sorani), at Soracte, iv. 186 «.4, xi. 14, 91 n.7
Soranus, Italian god of Mount Soracte, xi. 14 ; etymology of his name, xi. 15 n.1, 16
Sorcerers regarded as chiefs, i. 337 sq. , 342 sq. ; souls extracted or detained by, iii. 69 sqq. ; influence wielded by, in. 107 ; make use of cut hair and other bodily refuse, iii. 268 sq. , 274 sq. , 278, 281 sq. ; injure men through their names, iii. 320, 322, 334 ; as protectors against demons, ix. 94 ; exorcize demons, ix. 113; Midsummer herbs a protection against, xi. 45 ; detected by St. John's wort, xi. 55 ; detected by fern root, xi. 67. See also Magic, Magicians, Medicine-men
or priests, order of effeminate, vi.
253 sqq.
Sorcery, the dread of, hi. 268 ; pointing sticks or bones in, x. 14 ; bonfires a protection against, x. 156 ; sprigs of mullein protect cattle against, x. 190 ; mistletoe a protection against, xi. 85 ; savage dread of, xi. 224 sq. See also Magic, Witchcraft
and witchcraft, Midsummer plants
and flowers a protection against, xi. 45, 46, 49, 54, 55, 59, 60, 62, 64, 65, 66, 67, 72
Sorcha, the King of, in a Celtic tale, xi. 127 sq.
Sori, a person of the Batta Trinity, ix. 88 n.1
Sorrentine Peninsula, puppet representing Lent sawn in two in the, iv. 245
Sorrowful One, the vaults of the, opened by the Boeotians in the month of sow- ing, vi. 41
Sorrows, the Master of, at funerals among the Chams, i. 280
Sositheus, his play Daphnis, vii. 217
Sothic or Siriac period in ancient Egypt, vi. 36
Sothis, Egyptian name for the star Sirius, vi. 34. See Sirius
470
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Sotih, the, of Burma, revere a priestly
* king, iii. 237
Soul, belief in the pre- existence of the human, i. 104 ; the perils of the, iii. 26 sqq. \ conceived as a man- nikin, iii. 26 sqq. ; ancient Egyptian conception of the, iii. 28 sq. ; re- presentations of the soul in Greek art, iii. 29 n.1 ; as a butterfly, iii. 29 n.1, 41, 51 sq. ; absence and recall of the, iii. 30 sqq. ; attempts to prevent the soul from escaping from the body, iii. 30 sqq. ; sickness attributed to the absence of the, iii. 32, 42 sqq. ; tied by thread or string to the body, iii. 32 sq. , 43, 51 ; conceived as a bird, iii. 33 sqq. ; absent in sleep, iii. 36 sqq. ; in form of fly, iii. 36, 39; in form of mouse, iii. 37, 39 n.2 ; in form of lizard, iii. 38 ; caught in a cloth, iii. 46, 47, 48, 52, 53, 64, 67, 75 sq. ; identified with the shadow, iii. 77 sqq. ; identified with the reflection in water or a mirror, iii. 92 sqq. ; supposed to escape at eating and drinking, iii. 116 ; in the blood, iii. 240, 241, 247, 250 ; identified with the personal name, iii. 319 ; of rice not to be frightened, iii. 412 ; of man-god transferred to his successor, iv. 10 ; of a tree in a bird, vi. in ». 1 ; of the rice in the first sheaf cut, vi. 239 ; of the rice captured in a basket or box, vii. 185 ; of rice in a blue bird, vii. 295 ; thought to be seated in the liver, viii. 147 sq. ; the notion of, a quasi-scientific hypothesis, xi. 221 ; the unity and indivisibility of the, a theological dogma, xi. 221. See also Souls
of chief in sacred grove, xi. 161
of child deposited in a coco-nut, xi.
154^.; deposited in a bag, xi. 155; bound up with knife, xi. 157
• , external, in afterbirth (placenta) or
navel-string, i. 200 sq. \ in folk-tales, xi. 95 sqq. ; in parrot, xi. 97 sq. ; in bird, xi. 98 sq. ; in necklace, xi. 99 sq. ; in a fish, xi. 99 sq.t 122 sq. ; in cock, pigeon, starling, spinning-wheel, pillar, XL 100 sq. \ in a bee, xi. 101 ; in a lemon, xi. 102 ; in a tree, xi. 102 ; in a barley plant, xi. 102 ; in a box, xi. 102, 117, 143 «.4, 149 ; in a firebrand, xi. 103 ; in hair, xi. 103 sq. • in snow, xi. 103 sq. ; in two or three doves, xi. 104 ; in a ten-headed serpent, xi. 104 sq. ; in a pumpkin, xi. 105 ; in a spear, xi. 105 ; in a dragon, xi. 105 ; in a gem, xi. 105 sq. ; in an egg, xi, 107,
125, 127, 140 sq. ; in a duck's egg, xi. 109 sq.t 115 sq.t 116, 119 sq., 120,
126, 130, 132 ; in a blue rose-tree, xi. no ; in a bird, xi. in, 119, 142, 150;
in a pigeon, xi. 112 sq.\ in a light, xi. 116 ; in a flower, xi. 117 sq. ; in grain of sand, xi. 120 ; in a stone, xi. 125 n.1, 156 ; in a thorn, xi. 129 ; in a gem, xi. 130 ; in a pigeon's egg, xi. 132, 139 I in a dove's egg, xi. 133 ; in a box-tree, xi. 133 ; in the flower of the acacia, xi. 135^.; in a sparrow, xi. 137 ; in a beetle, xi. 138, 140 ; in a bottle, xi. 138 ; in a golden cock- chafer, xi. 140 ; in a dish, xi. 141 sq. ; in a precious stone, xi. 142 ; in a bag, xi. 142 ; in a white herb, xi. 143 ; in a wasp, xi. 143 sq. ; in a twelve-headed serpent, xi. 143 ; in a golden ring, xi. 143 ; in seven little birds, xi. 144; in a seven-headed snake, xi. 144 ; in a quail, xi. 144 sq. ; in a vase, xi. 145 sq. ; in a golden sword and a golden arrow, xi. 145 ; in entrails, xi. 1475^.; in a golden fish, xi. 147 sq. , 220 ; in a hair as hard as copper, xi. 148 ; in a cat, xi. 150 sq. ; in a bear, xi. 151 ; in a buffalo, xi. 151 ; in a hemlock branch, xi. 152; in folk-custom, xi. 153 sqq. ; in inanimate things, xi. 153 sqq. ; in a mountain scaur, xi. 156 ; in ox- horns, xi. 156 ; in roof of house, xi. 156 ; in a tree, xi. 156 ; in a spring of water, xi. 156 ; in capital of column, xi. 156 sq. ; in a portrait statue, xi. 157; in plants, xi. 159 sqq. ; in animals, xi. 196 sqq. \ of shaman or medicine-man in animal, xi. 196, 199 ; kept in totem, xi. 220 sqq.
Soul of iron, xi. 154
" of Osiris," a bird, vi. no
of rice, vii. 180 sqq. ; eating the,
viii. 54
of ruptured person passes into cleft
oak-tree, xi. 172
, succession to the, iv. 196 sqq.
of woman at childbirth deposited in
a chopping-knife, xi. 153 sq.
Soul-boxes, amulets as, xi. 155
cakes eaten at the Feast of All Souls
in Europe, vi. 70, 71 sq. , 73, 78 sqq.
-stones, xi. 156
stuff in the East Indies, vi. 182 sq.\
of ghosts, ix. 182
Soule, a ball contended for in Normandy, ix. 183
' ' Souling," custom of, on All Souls' Day in England, vi. 79
" Day" in Shropshire, vi. 78
Soulless King, whose soul was in a duck's egg, Lithuanian story of the, xi. 113 sqq.
Souls strengthened with iron, i. 159 sq. ; ascribed to trees, ii. 12 sqq. ; of an- cestors in trees, ii. 29 sq., 30, 31, 32 ; of ancestors supposed to be in fire
GENERAL INDEX
471
on the hearth, ii. 232 ; every man thought to have four, iii. 27, 80 ; light and heavy, thin, and fat, iii. 29 ; trans- ference of, iii. 49, 51 ; impounded in magic fence, iii. 56 ; abducted by demons, iii. 58 sqq. ; transmigrate into animals, iii. 65, viii. 285 sqq. ; brought back in a visible form, iii. 65 sqq. \ caught in snares or nets, iii. 69 sqq. ; extracted or detained by sorcerers, iii. 69 sqq. ; enclosed in tusks of ivory, iii. 70 ; conjured into jars, iii. 70 ; shut up in boxes, iii. 70, 76 ; shut up in calabashes, iii. 72 ; gathered into a basket, iii. 72 ; trans- ferred from the living to the dead, iii. 73 ; wounded and bleeding, iii. 73 ; •supposed to be in portraits, iii. 96 sqq, ; of slain enemies propitiated, iii. 166 ; of beasts respected, ni. 223 ; immortal, attributed by savages to animals, viii. 204 ; of people at a house-warming collected in a bag, xi. 153 ; male and female, in Chinese philosophy, xi. 221 ; the plurality of, xi. 221 sq.
Souls of the dead, trees animated by the, ii. 29 sqq. ; in certain fish, ii. 30 ; all malignant, iii. 145 ; cannot go to the spirit -land till the flesh has decayed from their bones, iii. 372 n.6 ; supposed to resemble their bodies, as these were at the moment of death, iv. 10 sq,\ associated with fall- ing stars, iv. 64 sqq. ; transmitted to successors, iv. 198 ; reincarnation of the, v. 91 sqq. ; brought back among the Gonds, v. 95 sq. ; in caterpillars, viii. 275 sq. ; received once a year by their relations, ix. 150 sqq. ; sit round the Midsummer fire, x. 183, 184
, feasts of All, vi. 51 sqq.
, human, attracted by rice, iii.
34 sqq. , 45 sqq. ; transmigrate into totemic animals, xi. 223
South America. See America, South
American Indians, their insensibility
to pain, iv. 138 ; their indifference to death, iv. 138 ; women's agricultural work among the, vii. 120 sqq. ; their practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 12 sq. ; attribute fatigue to a demon, ix. 20 ; their mutual scourgings at ceremonies con- nected with the dead, ix. 262
Sea Islands, human gods in the, i.
387 ; continence of fishermen in the, iii. 193 ; the Pleiades worshipped in the, vii. 312
— Slavonian housebreakers, their
charm to cause sleep, i. 148. See also Slavonians, South
• Slavs, devices of women to obtain
offspring among the, v. 96 ; marriage customs of the, vi. 246. See also Slavs, South
Southey, R., on women's agricultural work among the Brazilian Indians, vii. 122 ; on custom of consuming the ashes of relations among the Brazilian Indians, viii. 157
Sovereignty, reluctance to accept the, on account of its burdens, iii. 17 sqq.
Sovkou, ancient Egyptian deity, repre- sented by a masker, ii. 133
Sow, the white, of Alba Longa, ii. 187 ».4 ; corn-spirit as a, vii. 298 sqq. ; as scapegoat, ix.' 33 ; the cropped black, at Hallowe'en, x. 236, 240
Sower, the Wicked, driven away on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 107, 118
Sower by, James, on mouse-ear hawk- weed, xi. 57 ; on orpine, xi. 61 «.4 ; on yellow hoary mullein, xi. 64 ; on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 «.8 ; on mistletoe, xi. 316 n.6
Sowers carry locks as charm to keep off birds, iii. 308 ; and ploughmen drenched with water as a rain-charm, v. 238 sq.
Sowing, homoeopathic magic at, i. 136 sqq. ; curses for good luck at, i. 281 ; sexual intercourse before, ii. 98 ; periods of abstinence observed before, ii. 98, 105 ; tug-of-war before, ii. 100 ; continence at, ii. 105, 106 ; in Italy and Sicily, time of, ii. 311 n.5', Prussian custom at, v. 238 sq. ; rites of, vi. 40 sqq. ; in Greece, time for, vii. 45, 50, 318 ; festival of Demeter at, vii. 46 w.2 ; sacrifice to Demeter at, vii. 57 ; festival of the Kayans of Borneo at, vii. 93 sqq. , in ; masquerade of the Kayans at, vii. 186 sq. ; time of, deter- mined by observation of the sun, vii. 187; goat killed at, vii. 288 ; the corn- spirit as a pig at, vii. 300 ; cake called Christinas Boar eaten by farm-servants and cattle at time of barley sowing, vii. 303 ; at Magnesia in the Greek month Cronion, viii. 7, 8 n.1 ; cere- monies at, among the Chams, viii. 57 ; offerings at, in the North - Western provinces of India, viii. 117 ; offerings at, among the Kachins of Burma, viii. 1 20 sq. ; customs observed by Saxons of Transylvania at, viii. 274 sq. ; prayer at, among the Khonds, ix. 138 ; expulsion of demons at, ix. 225 ; Saturn the god of, ix. 232, 346 ; dances at, ix. 234^^. ; in Italy, season of the spring, ix. 346 ; fast from flesh, eggs, and grease at, ix. 347 «.*
, goddesses of, personated by old
women, ix. 238
472
THB GOLDEN BOUGH
Sowing and planting, time of, determined * by the observation of the Pleiades, vii.
309, 313 sqq.\ regulated by the phases
of the moon, vi. 133 sqq.
— and ploughing, ceremony of, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 87, 90, 96 ; rite of, at the Carnival, vii. 28
Sowing corn, Ovambo custom at, ii. 46
the fields, human sacrifices at, vii.
236, 238 sq. , 240 sq.
— hemp seed, divination by, at Hal- lowe'en, x. 235
i seed, to make children grow, vii.
ii ; done by women, vii. 113 sqq. ;
done by children, vii. 115 sq. — — the winter corn, goat killed at, vii.
288 Sown fields, fire applied to, on Eve of
Twelfth Night, ix. 316, 318, 321 Sozomenus, church historian, on sacred
prostitution, v. 37 Spachendorf, in Silesia, " the Burying
of Death," effigy burnt at, iv. 250, x.
H9
Spades and hoes, human victim killed with, vii. 239, 251
Spae-wives and Gestr, Icelandic story of the, xi. 125 sq.
Spain, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167; acorns used as food in, ii. 355, 356; "Sawing the Old Woman" at Mid-Lent in, iv. 240, 242 ; seven- legged effigies of Lent in, iv. 244 ; custom of swinging at Christmas in, iv. 284 ; bathing on St. John's Eve in, v. 248 ; the Iberians of, vii. 129 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329 ; Midsummer fires and customs in, x. 208 ; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29 ; vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62
Spanish cathedrals, the Boy Bishop in, ix. 338
Spark Sunday in Switzerland, x. 118
Sparks of fire supposed to impregnate women, ii. 197, 231 ; of Yule log prognosticate chickens, lambs, foals, calves, etc., x. 251, 262, 263, 264
Sparrow, external soul of a jinnee in a, xi. 137
Sparrows, charms to keep them from the corn, viii. 274
Sparta, the two kings of, i. 46 sq. ; their relation to Castor and Pollux, i. 48-
50
— , state sacrifices offered by the kings at, i. 46 ; warned by oracle against a "lame reign," iv. 38 ; funeral games in honour of Leonidas and Pausanias at, iv. 94 ; destroyed by an earth-
quake, v. 196 «.4 ; octennial tenure of kingship at, vii. 82, 85
Spartan king, his fire-bearer, ii. 264
kings, supposed divinity of, i. 48
sq. ; not to be touched, iii. 226
Spartans, their sacrifice of horses to the sun, i. 315 sq. ; their kings liable to be deposed every eighth year, iv. 58 sq. ; their attempt to stop an earth- quake, v. 196 ; their flute -band, v. 196 ; their red uniform, v. 196 ; at Thennopyl.'ic, v. 197 n.1 ; their regard for the full moon, vi. 141 ; their brides dressed as men on the wedding night, vi. 260
Spear in magic, i. 347 ; custom of wound- ing the dying with a, iv. 13 sq. ; sacred, used to slay human victim, ix. 218 ; used to help women in hard labour, xi. 14 ; external soul in a, xi. 105
Spearing taro stalks, as a charm, vii. 102, 103
Spears, sacred, used to slaughter sacri- ficial victims, iv. 19, 32. v. 274 ; used to expel demons, ix. 115, 116
Spectral Huntsman, iv. 178
Speech, particular forms of, used in addressing social superiors, i. 402 n. ; special form of, used between a man and his wife's mother, iii. 346 ; special form of, used by rice-reapers to deceive the rice-spirit, vii. 184. See also Lan- guage and Words
Speicher, in the Eifel, St. John's fires at, x. 169
Speke, Captain J. H. , his experience of the distrust of strangers in Africa, iii. 108 sq.
Spell recited at kindling need-fire, x. 290 ; of witchcraft broken by suffering, x. 304
and prayer, vii. 105
Spells cast by strangers, iii. 112 ; at hair-cutting, iii. 264 sq. ; for growth of crops, vii. 100 ; narrative, vii. 104 sqq. ; imperative, vii. 105 ; and in- cantations used in arts and crafts, ix. 8 1 ; cast on cattle, x. 301, 302 ; cast by witches on union of man and | wife, x. 346
Spelt-goat, name given to the last sheaf threshed at harvest in Baden, vii. 286
Spencer, Baldwin, on reincarnation of the dead, v. 100 n?
Spencer, B. , and F. J. Gillen, on a cere- mony for the multiplication of white cockatoos, i. 89 ; on the confusion of a man with his totem, i. 107 ».4 ; on infanticide among the Australian aborigines, iv. 180 n.1, 187 «.8 ; on Australian belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 99 ; on an Aus-
GENERAL INDEX
473
tralian cure for headache, ix. 2 ; on
initiation of Australian medicine-men,
xi. 238 Spencer, Herbert, his theory of the
material universe compared to that of
Empedocles, viii. 303 sqq. Spenser, Edmund, on an Irish custom
as to blood of friends, iii. 244 sq. Sperchius, River, hair of Achilles devoted
to the, iii. 261 Spermus, king of Lydia, marries the
widow of his predecessor, ii. 281 ; his
wickedness, v. 183 Spices used in exorcism of demons, iii.
105 sq.
Spider imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381 Spiders in homoeopathic magic, i. 152 ;
ceremony at killing, viii. 236 sq. ; used
to extract vicious propensity, ix. 34 Spieth, J. , on human gods among the
Hos of Togoland, i. 397 ; on the Ewe
peoples, v. 70 «.2 ; on the ceremonies
at eating the new yams among the
Hos, viii. 59 sqq. ; on the religion of
the Ewe negroes, ix. 76 n.1 Spindle, woman winds thread on, while
sugar-cane is planted, viii. 119 Spindles not to be carried openly on the
highroads, i. 113 ; not to be twirled
while men are in council, i. 114 Spinning forbidden to women under
certain circumstances, i. 113 sq. — — on highroads forbidden in ancient
Italy, i. 113, viii. 119 ».5
of mummer at Carnival, viii. 333
Spinning-wheel, external soul of ogress
in a,- xi. 100 Spinning acorns or figs as a charm to
promote the growth of the crops, vii.
102, 103 tops at sowing festivals, vii. 95, 97,
187 Spirit of Beans, Iroquois, vii. 177
, Brethren of the Free, i. 408
of the Corn, Iroquois, vii. 177. See
Corn-spirit of dead apparently supposed to
decay with the body, iii. 372 or god of vegetation, effigies of,
burnt in spring, xi. 21 sq. ; reasons
for burning, xi. 23 ; leaf- clad repre- sentative of, burnt, xi. 25 , the Great, of the American Indians,
iv. 3 ; his gift of corn to men, vii. 177
of Squashes, Iroquois, vii. 177
• of vegetation brought to houses, ii.
74. See also Vegetation Spirit animals supposed to enter women
and be born from them, v. 97 sq.
children left by ancestors.v. 100 sq.
— -house shut during absence of
warriors, i. 129
VOL. XII
Spirits of dead fathers thought to attend warriors, i. 129 ; of plants in shape of animals, ii. 14 ; of trees threatened, ii. zosqq. ; of wild beasts killed in the chase, hunting dogs protected against, ii. 128 ; women married to water-spirits, iiv 150 sqq. \ sacrifices to water-spirits, ii. 155 sqq. ; of slain enemies conciliated, iii. 182 ; of slain animals propitiated by savages, iii. 190 ; averse to iron, iii. 232 sqq. ; evil, fear of attracting the attention of, iii. 334 ; of tin mines and gold mines treated with deference, iii. 407, 409 sq. \ taboos on common words based on a fear of, iii. 416 sqq. ; of ancestors in the form of animals, v. 83 ; supposed to consort with women, v. 91 ; of forefathers thought to dwell in rivers, vi. 38 ; evil, averted from children, vii. 6 sqq. ; of the dead sup- posed to influence the crops, vii. 104 ; distinguished from gods, vii. 169 ; imitation of, vii. 186 ; retreat of the army of, ix. 72 sq. ; guardian, ix. 98 ; good and evil, personated by children, ix. 139 ; Festival of Departed, ix. 154 ; of water propitiated at Mid- summer, xi. 31 ; of plants and trees in the form of snakes, xi. 44 n.1 See also Ancestral spirits, Dead, and Souls
of dead chiefs worshipped by the
whole tribe, vi. 175, 176, 177, 179, 181 sq.t 187 ; thought to control the rain, vi. 188 ; prophesy through living men and women, vi. 192 sg. ; re- incarnated in animals, vi. 193.
of the hills, their treasures, xi. 69
of land, conciliation of the, iii. no
sq.
Spiritual economy, mysterious law of, L
405
husbands among the Akamba, il.
316 sq.
power, its divorce from temporal
power, iii. 17 sqq.
Spitting in contagious magic, i. 201 ; in a purificatory rite, iii. 175 ; forbidden, iii. 196 ; as a protective charm, iii. 279, 286, 350, 395 ; upon knots as a charm, iii. 302 ; to avert evil omens, iv. 61 ; at sight of falling stars, iv. 61, 63, 65 ; to avert demons, iv. 63 ; as a mode of transferring evil, ix. 3, 10, ii, 41 sq.t 187; at ceremony for expulsion of evils, ix. 208
Spittle, used in magic, i. 57, iii. 268, 269, 287 sqq. ; divination from, i. 99 ; tabooed, iii. 287 sqq. ; effaced or con- cealed, iii. 288 sqq. ; used in making a covenant, iii. 290 ; magical virtue of, vii. 247, 250 ; as a protection against demons, ix. 118
2 H
474
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Spoil taken from enemy purified, iii. 177
.
Spoons used in eating by tabooed per- sons, iii. 141, 148, 189
Sports, athletic, at harvest, vii. 76 sq. See also Contests, Games
Spottiswoode, in Berwickshire, harvest customs at, vii. 153 sq.
Sprachbriicken, in Hesse, the Harvest- goat at, vii. 283
Sprained leg, Scotch cure for, by means of nine knots in a black thread, iii. 304 sq.
Spree, the river, requires its human victim on Midsummer Day, xi. 26
Spreewald, the Wends of the, their wreaths at Midsummer, xi. 48
Sprenger, the inquisitor, his practice of shaving the heads of witches and wizards, xi. 158
Sprigs, green, placed on stumps of felled trees, ii. 37 sq.
Spring, magical ceremonies for the re- vival of nature in, iv. 266 sqq. ; called Persephone, vi. 41 ; ceremony at be- ginning of, in China, viii. 10 sqq. ; rites to ensure the revival of life in, ix. 400
•• , the Sacred," among the ancient
Italian peoples, iv. 186 sq.
- and summer, myths of divinities
and spirits to be told only in, iii. 384
Spring customs and harvest customs compared, vii. 167 sqq.
- equinox, drama of Summer and
Winter at the, iv. 257 ; custom of swinging at the, iv. 284 ; (vernal), sacrifice to Cronus at the, ix. 352
festival of Dionysus, vii. 15
Spring, oracular, at Dodona, ii. 172 ; sacrificial, at Upsala, ii. 364 ; external soul in a, xi. 156. See also Springs
Springbok, why Bushman hunters will not eat, viii. 141
Springs troubled to procure rains, i. 301 ; hot, resorted to by women in order to get offspring, ii. 161, v. 213 sqq. ; which confer prophetic powers, ii. 172 ; oracular, iv. 79 sq. ; worship of hot, v. 206 sqq. ; bathing in, at Midsummer, v. 246, 247, 248, 249 ; underground, detected by divining- rod, xi. 67 sq.
Springwort, mythical plant, procured at Midsummer, xi. 69 sqq. ; reveals treasures, opens all locks, and makes the bearer invisible and invulnerable, xi. 69 sq,
Sprinkling with holy water, iii. 285 sq.
Sproat, G. M. , on seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 43 sq.
Spruce trees free from mistletoe, xi. 315
Squashes, the spirit of, conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177
Squeals of pigs necessary for fruitfulness of mangoes, x. 9
Squills used to beat human scapegoats and image of Pan, ix. 255 sq.
Squirrels in homoeopathic magic, i. 155 ; asked to give new teeth, i. 180 ; souls of dead in, viii. 291 sq. \ burnt in the Easter bonfires, x. 142, xi. 40
Squirting water as a rain-charm, i. 249 sq. , 277 sq. ; on people at Midsummer, v. 248, x. 193
Sri, Hindoo goddess of crops, vii. 182
Srongtsan Gampo, king of Tibet, intro- duced Buddhism into Tibet, iii. 20
Stabbing men's shadows in order to injure the men, iii. 78, 79
reflections in water to injure the
persons reflected, iii. 93
a transformed witch or were-wolf
in order to compel him or her to reveal himself or herself, x. 315
Stade, Hans, captive among Brazilian Indians, on their distrust of books, iii.
231
Stadium, the Olympic, iv. 287
Staffordshire, All Souls' Day in, vi. 79 ; the Yule log in, x. 256
Stag, emblem of longevity, i. 169 n*
Stamfordham, in Northumberland, need- fire at, x. 288 sq.
Stammering, homoeopathic charm to cure, i. 156
Standard of conduct shifted from natural to supernatural basis, iii. 213
, Egyptian, resembling a placenta,
vi. 156 «.*; Egyptian cubit, deposited in the temple of Serapis, xi. 217
Standing on one foot, custom of, iv. 149, *$Q> 1SS» XS6 I on sacrificed human victim as a purificatory rite, ix. 218
Stanikas, male children of sacred prosti- tutes in Southern India, v. 63
Star, falling, in magic, i. 84 ; falling, as totem, iv. 61
of Bethlehem, v. 259, ix. 330
, the Evening, in Keats's last sonnet,,
i. 166
, the Morning, said to have enjoined
human sacrifices on the Pawnees, vii. 238 ; personated by a man, ix. 238
of Salvation, v. 258
Star-spangled cap of Attis, v. 284
Starling, external soul of ogress in a, xL 100
Stars, time when the stars are vanishing, i. 83 ».a ; the souls of Egyptian gods in, iv. $ ; shooting, superstitions as to, iv. 58 sqq. ; shooting, associated with the souls of the dead, iv. 64 sqg. \
GENERAL INDEX
475
their supposed influence on human destiny, iv. 65 sq. , 67 sq. ; effect of agriculture in stimulating a know- ledge of the, vii. 307 ; their supposed influence on the weather, vii. 318
Starvation as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243
Statius, on the festival of Diana at Nemi, i. 12 ».2; on the grove of Egeria, i. i8*>
Statue beheaded instead of man, iv. 158
Stebbing, E. B., on Loranthus vestitus in India, xi. 317 n.2
Steele, Sir Richard, on titular kings in the Temple, ix. 333
Steiermark, Marburg in, the corn-spirit as wolf and bear at, viii. 327
Steinau, in Kurhessen, the Fox in the corn at, vii. 296
Steinen, Professor K. von den, on the discovery of fire by friction, ii. 257 /z.1 ; on the bull-roarer, xi. 233 n.2
Steinn in Hringariki, barrow of Halfdan at, vi. 100
Stelis, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318
Stella Mans, an epithet of the Virgin Mary, vi. 119
Stengel, P., on sacrificial ritual of Eleu- sis, v. 292 n.'3
Stepmother, marriage with a, as a title to the throne, ii. 283, iv. 193
Stepping over persons or things for- bidden, iii. 159^., 194, 423 sqq. ; over dead panther, iii. 219 ; or jump- ing over a woman, viii. 70 n.1 See also Jumping
Sterile beasts passed through Midsummer fires, x. 203, 338
Sterilizing influence ascribed to barren women, i. 142
Sternberg, Leo, on the bear-festivals of the Gilyaks, viii. 196, 199 n.1, 201^.; on attitude of the Gilyaks towards animals, viii. 206 ; on the belief in demons among the Gilyaks, ix. 101 sg.
Sternberg, in Mecklenburg, need-fire at, x. 274
Stettin, the Old Man at harvest in the villages near, vii. 220 sq.
Stevens, Captain John, on a temporary substitute for a Shah of Persia, iv. 158 sq.
Stevens, H. Vaughan, on fire -making among the Djakuns, ii. 236
Stevenson, Mrs. Matilda Coxe, on the Zuni custom of killing tortoises from a sacred lake, viii. 179
Stewart, Balfour, on the conservation of energy, viii. 262 n.1
Stewart, C. S., on Polynesian atua% i. 387 rt-1
Stewart, Jonet, a wise woman, xi. 184
Stewart, W. Grant, on witchcraft in the Highlands, x. 342 «.4
Stheni, near Delphi, old chestnut trees at, xi. 317
Sticks, fertilizing virtue attributed to certain, ix. 264 sq. See also Digging- sticks
, charred, of bonfires, protect fields
against hail, x. 144
, charred, of Candlemas bonfires,
superstitious uses of, x. 131
, charred, of Easter fire, super- stitious uses of, x. 121 ; preserve wheat from blight and mildew, x. 143
, charred, of Midstimmer bonfires,
planted in the fields, x. 165, 166, 173, 174 ; a charm against lightning and foul weather, x. 174, 187, 188, 190; kept to make the cattle thrive, x. 180 ; thrown into wells to improve the water, x. 184 ; a protection against thunder, x. 184, 192
, sacred, representing ancestors, ii.
214, 216, 222 sqq. See also Churinga
and stones, evils transferred to, ix.
8 sqq. • piled on the scene of crimes, ix. 13 sqq. See also Throwing
whittled, in religious rites, viii. 185,
186 n., 192, 196, 278, ix. 261, x. 138 w.1
Stiens of Cambodia propitiate the souls of the animals which they kill, viii.
237 Stiffness of back set down to witchcraft,
x. 343 «-. 345 Stigand, Captain C. H. , on the sacrifice
of the first-born among tribes to the
south of Abyssinia, iv. 182 Stinging young people with ants and
wasps, custom of, ix. 263, x. 61,
62 sq. ; as a form of purification, x.
6 1 sqq. Stipiturus malachurus, emu-wren, men's
"brother" among the Kurnai, xi.
216 Stlatlum Indians of British Columbia
respect the animals and plants which
they eat, vi. 44 Stockholm, leaf-niaiket on the Eve of
St. John at, ii. 65 Stocks, sacred, among the Semites, v.
107 sqq. Stolen kail, divination by, at Hallowe'en,
x. 234 sq. Stomach of eater, certain foods forbidden
to meet in, viii. 83 sqq. Stone used in ceremony to facilitate
childbirth, i. 74 ; supposed to cure
jaundice, i. 80 ; bitten by a dog in
homoeopathic magic, i. 157 ; treading
on a, as a homoeopathic charm, i.
160 ; magic of heavy, vii. 100 ; tooth-
476
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
ache nailed into a, ix. 62 ; look of 4 a girl at puberty thought to turn things to, x. 46 ; external soul in a, xi. 125 n.1, 156; precious, external soul of khan in a, xi. 142 ; magical, put into body of novice at initiation, xi. 271
Stone, the Hairy, at Midsummer, x. 212 , holed, in magic, to make sunshine,
»• 3*3
, sacred, used in purification of
murderer, i. 26 ; (lapis manalis), used in rain-making at Rome, i. 310, ii.
183
Stone Age in Denmark, ii. 352 ; agricul- ture in the, vii. 79, 132
-curlew as a cure for jaundice, i. 80
— knives and arrow - heads used in religious ritual, iii. 228
— -throwing as a fertility charm, i. 39 ; at Mecca, rite of, ix. 24 ; in ancient Greece, ix. 24 sq.
Stonehaven, the last sheaf called the Bride at, vii. 163
Stones anointed in order to avert bullets from warriors, i. 130 ; tied to trees to make them bear fruit, i. 140 ; magical, which cause boils, i. 147 ; homoeopathic magic of, i. 160 sqq. \ oaths upon, i. 160 sq. ; employed to make fruits and crops grow, i. 162 sqq. \ thrown on grave as a rain-charm, i. 286 ; rain-making by means of, i. 304 sqq., 345, 346; in charms to make the sun shine, i. 312, 313, 314 ; put in trees to prevent sun from setting, i. 318 ; placed in trees to indicate height of sun, i. 318 ; in wind charms, i. 319, 322 sq. \ oiled as a rain - charm, i. 346 ; human souls conveyed into, iii. 66, 73 ; ghosts in, iii. 80 ; on which a man's shadow should not fall, iii. 80; fastened to last sheaf, vii. 135 sq., 138, 139; criminal crushed between, at Mexi- can harvest -festival, vii. 237 ; wor- shipped, viii. 127 sq. ; heaped up near shrines of saints, ix. 21 sq. ; communion by means of, ix. 21 sq. ; thrown at demons, ix. 131, 146, 152 ; thrown into Midsummer fire, x. 183, 191, 212 ; placed round Midsummer fires, x. 190 ; carried by persons on their heads at Midsummer, x. 205, 212 ; at Hallowe'en fires, divination by, x. 230 sq. , 239, 240 ; used for curing cattle, x. 324, 325 ; magical, inserted by spirits in the body of a new medicine-man, xi. 235
• , the Day of, the day of the new
moon in the month of Bhadon (August), L 279
Stones, holed, custom of childless women passing through, v, 36, xi. 187 ; to commemorate the dead, vi. 203 ; sick people passed through, xi. 186 sqq.
, precious, homoeopathic magic of,
i. 164 sq.
, sacred, anointed, v. 36 ; among
the Semites, v. 107 sqq. ; among the Khasis, v. 108 n.1. See also Churinga
and sticks, evil transferred to, ix.
8 sqq. ; piled on the scene of crimes, ix. 13 sqq. See also Throwing
Stoning, execution by, ix. 24 ».a
Stoning human scapegoats, ix. 253, 254
Stool at installation of Shilluk kings, iv. 24
Stoole, near Downpatrick, Midsummer ceremony at, x. 205
Stopfer, maskers in Switzerland, ix.
239
Storeroom (penus), sacred, ii. 205 sq.
Stories told as charms, vii. 102 sqq.
Storm fiend exorcized by bells, ix. 246 sq.
Storms, Catholic priests thought to possess the power of averting, i. 232 ; thought to be caused by the spirits of the dead, ii. 183 ; caused by cutting or combing the hair, ii. 271, 282
Stourton, in Warwickshire, the Queen of May at, ii. 88
Stout, Professor G. F. , on an argument for immortality, viii. 261 n.1
Stow, in Suffolk, witch at, i. 210
Stow, John, on Lords of Misrule, quoted, ix. 331 sq. ', on Midsummer fires in London, x. 196 sq.
Strabo, on a marriage custom of the Sam- nites, ii. 305 ; on the use of acorn-bread in Spain, ii. 355 ; on the concubines of Ammon, v. 72 ; on Albanian moon- god, v. 73 «.4 ; on Castabala, v. 168 «.B ; his description of the Burnt Land of Lydia, v. 193 ; on the frequency of earthquakes at Philadelphia, v. 195 ; his description of Rhodes, v. 195 «.8 ; on Nysa, v. 206 n.1 ; on the priests ot Pessinus, v. 286 ; on the Sacaea, ix. 355' 369. 402 n.1 ; on the sacred slaves at Comana, ix. 370 ».4 ; on the wor-\ ship of the goddess Ma at Comana, ix. 421 n.1 ; on the sanctuary at Zela, ix. 421 ».*; on the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14; on the human sacrifices of the Celts, xi. 32
Strack, H. L. , on the accusations of ritual murder brought against the Jews, ix. 395 ».8
Strackerjan, L., on fear of witchcraft in Oldenburg, x. 343 n.
Strange land, ceremonies at entering a. iii. 109 sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
477
Strangers, taboos on intercourse with, Hi. 101 sqq. \ suspected of practising magical arts, iii. 102 ; ceremonies at the reception of, iii. 102 sqq. \ dread of, iii. 102 sqq. \ spells cast by, iii. 112 ; killed, iii. 113 ; excluded from religious rites, vii. 94, in, 187, 249 ; slam as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 217 ; regarded as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 225 sqq., 230 sq, , 253 ; preferred as human victims, vii. 242
Strangulation as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243
Strap of wolfs hide used by were-wolves, x. 310 n.1
Strata of religion and society, viii. 36 sq.
Strath Fillan, the harvest Cailleach (Old Wife) in, vii. 166
Strathpeffer, in Ross-shire, Beltane ban- nocks near, x. 153
Strathspey, sheep passed through a hoop of rowan on All Saints' Day and Bel- tane in, xi. 184
Stratification of religion according to types of society, viii. 35 sqq. ; of religious beliefs among the Malays, ix. 90 n.1
Stratonicea in Caria, eunuch priest at, v. 270 n.z ; rule as to the pollution of death at, vi. 227 sq.
Straubing, in Lower Bavaria, the Corn- goat at cutting the last corn at, vii. 282
Straw, the Yule, vii. 301 sq. ; of Shrove- tide Bear used to make geese and hens lay eggs, viii. 326 ; wrapt round fruit- trees as a protection against evil spirits, ix. 164 ; tied round trees to make them fruitful, x. 115
Straw-bear at Whittlesey, viii. 329
-bull, effigy placed on land of
laggard tarmer at harvest, vii. 289 sq.
— -goat at threshing in Bavaria, vii. 286
man placed on apple-tree on April
24th or 25th, viii. 6
Stream, burial under a running, iii. 15
Streams, menstruous women not allowed to cross running, x. 97 ; need -fire kindled between two running, x. 292
Strehlitz, in Silesia, athletic sports at harvest near, vii. 76 ; driving away witches on Good Friday near, ix. 157
Strength of people bound up with their hair, xi. 158 sq.
Strepsiades in Aristophanes, on the cause of rain, i. 285
Striking or throwing blindfold at corn, cocks, and hens, xi. 279 n.4
String or thread used to tie soul to body, iii. 32^., 43, 51
Mring music in religion, v. 54
Strings, knotted, as amulets, iii. 309. See also Cords, Knots, and Threads
Striped Petticoat Philosophy, The, x. 6 Stromberg Hill, burning wheel rolled
down the, at Midsummer, x. 163 Stromness in the Orkneys, witch at, i.
326 "Strong names" of kings of Dahomey,
iii- 374 Strudeli and StrStteli, female spirits ot
the wood, driven away on Twelfth
Night at Brunnen, ix. 165 Strutt, Joseph, on Midsummer fires in
England, x. 196 Struys, John, on dances of women during
war in Madagascar, i. 131 Stseelis Indians of Britisli Columbia, dread
and seclusion of menstruous women
among the, x. 89 Stuart, Mrs. A., on withered mistletoe,
xi. 287 n.1 Stuart Lake in Bi itish Columbia, Tinneh
Indians about, x. 47 Stubbes, Phillip, his Anatomic of Abuses,
ii. 66 ; on May-poles, ii. 66 sq. Stubble-cock, name of harvest-supper in
Silesia, vii. 277 Students of Fez, their mock sultan, iv.
152 sq. Stuhlmann, Fr. , on ceremony at entering
a strange land, iii. 109 Stukeley, W. , on a Christmas custom at
York, xi. 291 n.2 Stumps of felled trees, green sprigs on,
ii. 37 J?. Stuttgart, saying as to wind in corn near,
vii. 292 Styria, belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66 ;
the Corn-mother in, vii. 133 ; the Corn- goat at harvest in, vii. 283 ; fern-seed
on Christmas night in, xi. 289 Styx, oath by the, iv. 70 n. l ; the passage
of Aeneas across the, xi. 294 Su-Mu, a tribe of Southern China, said
to be governed by a woman, vi. 211 ».a Sub-totems in Australia, xi. 275 n.1 Subincision, use of blood shed at, i. 92,
94 sq. ; among the aborigines of
Central Australia, i. 92, 93, 95, 97,
154 ; in South -Eastern Australia, i.
202 ; at initiation of lads in Australia,
xi. 227 sq. , 234, 235 Sublician bridge at Rome, puppets of
rushes annually thrown from the, viii.
107 Subordination of the individual to the
community, the principle of ancient
society, v. 300 Substitutes put to death instead of kings,
iv. 56 sqq., 115, 160, 194 sq. ; slaves
killed as substitutes for their masters
at a king's funeral, iv. 117 ; for human
sacrifices, iv. 124, 214 sqq., v. 146 sq.,
219 sq., 285, 289, vi. 99, 221, ix, 396
478
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
sq, , 408 ; voluntary, for capital punish- ment in China, iv. 145 sg.t 273 sqq. \ temporary, for the Shah of Persia, iv. 157 sqq. \ voluntary, for corporal punishment in China, iv. 275 sq. ; for animal sacrifices, viii. 95 n.2
•' Substitutes for a person" in China, pup- pets burnt to avert misfortune, viii. 104
Substitution of souls as a remedy for sickness, lii. 57 ; of puppet for soul of a sick man, ui. 62 sq. ; of animals for human victims, iv. 124, 165, 166 «.1, 177, vii. 24, 33 sq., 249 ; of child for parent in sacrifice, iv. 188, 194; of criminals for innocent victims in human sacrifices, iv. 195 ; of effigies for human victims in sacrifice, iv. 215, 217 sq.t viii. 94 sqq. ; of rice-cakes for human victims, viii. 89 ; of cakes for animal victims, viii. 95 n.2
Subterranean Zeus, title of Pluto as god of fertility, vii. 66
Subugo tree revered by the Masai, ii. 16
Subura at Rome, viii. 42, 43, 44
Succession to the chieftainship or king- ship alternating between several families, ii. 292 sqq. ; in Polynesia, customs of, iv. 190 sq. ; to the crown under mother-kin (female kinship), v. 44, vi. 18, 210 n.1
— to the kingdom, in ancient Latium, ii. 266 sqq. ; determined by a race, ii. 299 sqq. ; determined by mortal com- bat, ii. 322 ; through marriage with the king's widow, ii. 283, iv. 193 sq. ; through marriage with a sister, iv. J93 W' I conferred by personal relics of dead kings, iv. 202 sq.
to the soul, iv. 196 sqq.
Sucla-Tirtha in India, expulsion of sins in, ix. 202
Sudan, the negroes of, their regard for the phases of the moon, vi. 141 ; cere- mony of new fire in the, x. 134 ; human hyaenas in the, x. 313
Sudanese, their conduct in an earthquake, v. 198 ; their respect for ravens, viii.
221
Sudeten Mountains in Silesia, bonfires on Midsummer Eve on the, x. 170
Suffering, principle of vicarious, ix. i sq. \ intensity of, a means to break the spell of witchcraft, x. 304
Sufferings and death of Dionysus, vii. 17
Suffetes of Carthage, v. 116
Suffocation as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242
Suffolk, anointing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 203 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 ; May Day custom as to hawthorn in bloom in, ii. 52 ; cure for ague in, ix. 68 ;
belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 n.2 ; duck baked alive as a sacrifice in, x. 303 sq.
Sufi II., Shah of Persia, temporary sub- stitute for, iv. 158
Sugar-bag totem in Australia, v. 101
-cane cultivated, vii. 121, 123 ;
custom at planting, viii. 119; first- fruits of, offered to the sugar-cane god, viii. 119
Suicide of Buddhist monks, iv. 42 sq. ; epidemic of, in Russia, iv. 44 sq. ; as a mode of revenge, iv. 141 ; by hang- ing, iv. 282
, hand of, cut off, iv. 220 n.
, religious, iv. 42 sqq., 54 sqq. ; in
India, iv. 54 sq.
Suicides, ghosts of, feared, iv. 220 «.f v. 292 n.s, ix. 17 sq. ; custom observed at graves of, v. 93
Suk, the, of British East Africa, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344 sq. \ their belief in serpents as reincarna- tions of the dead, v. 82, 85 ; women's work among the, vii. 117 sq. ; their rule as to partaking of meat and milk, viii. 84 ; give children the fat and hearts of lions to eat, viii. 142 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 81
Sukandar River, in Mirzapur, ghosts shut up in a tree on the, ix. 60 sq.
Sulka (Sulkas), the, of New Britain, their way of stopping rain, i. 252 sq. ', their rain- making by means of stones, i. 304 ; their sacred stones, ii. 148 ; their notion as to the phosphorescence of the sea, ii. 155 n.1 ; their dread of a woman in childbed, iii. 151 ; will not speak of their enemies by their proper name, iii. 331 ; tell stories only at evening or night, iii. 384 sq. ; their belief as to meteors, iv. 65
Sulla at the temple of Diana on Mount Tifata, ii. 380; at Aedepsus, v. 212
1 ' Sultan of the Oleander,' ' magical efficacy attributed by the Moors to the, x. 18
11 of the Scribes," an annual mock
sultan at Fez, iv. 152 sq.
Sultan Bayazid and his soul, iii. 50
Sultans veiled, iii. 120
Sumatra, images used in evil magic in, i. 58 ; magical images to obtain off- spring in, i. 71 ; pregnant woman not to stand at the door in, i. 114; homoeopathic magic at sowing rice in, i. 136 ; rain-charm by means of a black cat in, i. 291 ; rain-charm by means of a stone in, i. 308 sq. ; ceremony at felling a tree in, ii. 37 ; special language used in searching for camphor in, iii. 406 n.2 ; spirits of, gold mines treated with deference in
GENERAL INDEX
479
Sii. 409 ; personification of the rice in, vii. 191 sg. , 196 sq. ; observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 315 ; kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212 ; tigers respected in, viii. 215 sqq. ; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 n. Sumatra, the Battas (Bataks) of, i. 71,
*93> 33°. 398« »• 4*» 108, m>- 34. 45 sq., 104, 116, 296, 338, 405, v. 199, vi. 239, viii. 216, ix. 34, 87, 213 ; totemism among, xi. 222 sqq. , Central, treatment of the after- birth in, i. 193
, Gayo, a district of, ii. 29, viii. 33
, the Gayos of, ii. 125, iii. 409 «.8, 410
, Jambi kingdom in, iv. 154
, the Karo-Bataks of, i. 277 sq. , iii.
S2- 263
, the Kooboos of, xi. 162 «.a
, Lampong in, iii. 10
, the Loeboes or Looboos of, vi.
264, xi. 182 sq.
, Mandeling in, i. 192 sq., vii. 197,
viii. 216
, the Mandelings of, ii. 36, iii. 296
, the Minangkabauers of, i. 58, 140,
193, iii. 32, 36, 41, vii. 191, viii. 211 sq.t 215, x. 79
, Northern, the Gayos of, ii. 36
, Passier in, iv. 51
, the Solok district of, i. 278
Sumba, East Indian island, custom as to the names of princes in, in. 376 ; annual festival of the New Year and of the dead in, vi. 55 sq.
Sumenans, their origin and civilization, v. 7 sq.
Summer, bringing in the, ii. 74, iv. 233, 237, 238, 246 sqq. \ myths of gods and spirits not to be told in, iii. 385 sq. ; on the Mediterranean rainless, v. 159 sq. \ in Greece rainless, vii. 69
called Aphrodite, vi. 41
, King of, chosen on St. Peter's
Day, x. 195
and winter, personal names dif- ferent in, iii. 386 ; dramatic battle of, iv. 254 sq.
Summer festival of Adonis, v. 226, 232 n.
solstice in connexion with the
Olympic festival, iv. 90 ; swinging at the, iv. 280. See also Solstice
trees, carried from house to house
in Silesia, iv. 246 ; compared to May- trees, iv. 251 sq.
Sun, prayers for children offered to the spirit of the, i. 72 ; prayers of women to the, after the departure of the war- riors, i. 130; charm of the setting, i. 165 sq. ; asked to give a new tooth, i. 181 sq. ; magical control of the, i. 31 1 sqq. \ charms to cause the sun to shine, i.
311 sqq. ; prayers to the, at an eclipse, i. 312 ; ancient Egyptian ceremonies for the regulation of the, i. 312 ; human sacrifices offered by the Mexi- cans to the, i. 314 sq. ; chief deity of the Rhodians, i. 315 ; supposed to drive in chariot, i. 315 ; chariots and horses dedicated by the Rhodians and kings of Judah to the, i. 315, viii. 45 ; horses sacrificed to the, i. 315 sq. ; caught by net or string, i. 316 ; wor- shipped by the Lithuanians, i. 317 sq. \ the father of the Incas, i. 415 ; Parthian monarchs the brothers of the, i. 417 sq. ; incense deposited in sanctuaries of the, ii. 107 ; marriage of a woman to the, ii. 146 sq. ; wor- shipped by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 ; virgins of, in Peru, ii. 243 sqq.\ not allowed to shine on sacred persons, iii. 3,4,6; sacrifices to, in ancient Egypt, iii. 227 «.; represented by a bull, iv. 71 sq. ; represented as a man with a bull's head, iv. 75 ; perhaps personated by the Olympic victors, iv. 91, vii. 86 ; sacrifice of first-born children to the, iv. 183 sq. ; called "the golden swing in the sky, " iv. 279 ; Adonis interpreted as the, v. 228 ; Osiris interpreted as the, vi. 1 20 sqq. ; called "the eye of Horus," vi. 121 ; worshipped in Egypt, vi. 122, 123 sqq. \ the power of regeneiation ascribed to the, vi. 143 n.4; time of sowing determined by observation of the, vii. 187 ; Japanese deities of the, vii. 212 ; first-fruits offered to the, vii. 237, viii. 117 ; temple of the, atCuzco.vii. 310 ; primitive me- chanisms for observation of the, vii. 314 ; festival of new fruits said to have been instituted by the, viii. 75 ; origin of the Yuchi Indians from the mother of the, viii. 75 ; the great chief of the Natchez descended from the, viii. 135 ; appeal to the, at confession of sins, ix. 3 ; re- appearance of, in the Arctic regions, ceremonies at, ix. 124 sq. , 125 jr.1; spirit who lives in the, ix. 186 ; hearts of human victims offered to the, ix. 279, 280 sq. , 298 ; Mexican story of the creation of the, ix. 410 ; rule not to see the, x. 18 sqq. ; not to shine on girls at puberty, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68 ; not to be seen by Brahman boys for three days, x. 68 ».2 ; impregnation of women by the, x. 74 sq. ', made to shine on women at marriage, x. 75 ; sheep and lambs sacrificed to the, x. 132 ; symbolized by a wheel, x. 334 n.1, 335 ; in the sign of the lion, xi. 66 sq. ; magical virtues of plants at Midsummer de-
48o
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
rived from the, xi. 71 sq. \ in the sign of Sagittarius, xi. 82 ; calls men to himself through death, xi. 173, 174 n,1 ; fern -seed procured by shooting at, on Midsummer Day, xi. 291 ; the ultimate cooling of the, xi. 307
Sun, the birth of the, at the winter sol- stice, heathen festival of, v. 303 sgq. , x. 246, 331 sq. ; Christmas, an old pagan festival of, v. 303 sqq. , \ 246, 33i sq.
— and Earth, marriage of the, ii. 98 sq.t 148, v. 47 sq.
— , eclipses of the, ceremonies at, i. 311, 312 ; beliefs and practices as to, iv. 73 n.2, 77, x. 162 n. ; defilement or poison thought to be caused by, x. 162 n.
, father of Alectrona, viii. 45
— ~, the Great, title of head chief of Natchez Indians, ii. 262, 263, viii. 77 sqq.
.• and Moon, their marriage cele- brated by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 sq. ; mythical and dramatic mar- riage of, iv. 71, 73 sq. , 78, 87 sq. , 90, 92, 105 ; conjunction of, viii. 15 n.1
•i moon, and stars represented by globes at the Laurel-bearing festival at Thebes, iv. 88 sq. ; human victims sacrificed to, by the heathen of Harran, vii. 261 sq.
, priest of the, among the Blackfoot
Indians, ii. 146 sq. ; Athenian, uses a white umbrella, x. 20 n.1
, the rising, salutations to, vi. 193, ix. 416
, the setting, homoeopathic magic
of, i. 165 sq. ; charms to prevent, i. 316 sqq., ix. 30 «.a
, temple of the, round, among
Blackfoot Indians, ii. 147 ; at Cuzco, ii. 243, ix. 129, x. 132 ; at Baalbec, v. 163 ; among the Natchez, viii. 135
, the Unconquered, Mithra identified
with, v. 304
Sun -charms, i. 311 sqq., x. 331 ; the solstitial and other ceremonial fires perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292
clan of the Bechuanas, their magic
to cause the sun to shine, i. 313
dial of the Dyaks, vii. 314 n.4
-god, the, Egyptian ceremony to
aid, i. 67 sq. ; sacrifice for sunshine to, i. 291 ; no wine offered to, i. 311 ; the titles of, transferred to the kings of Egypt, i. 418 ; the Egyptian, i. 418, 419, vi. 123 sqq. i ix. 341 ; draws away souls, iii. 64 sq.\ supposed to drive in a four -horse car, iv. 91 ; annually married to Earth-goddess, v. 47 sq. ; hymns to, vi. 123 sq. ; Surya,
the Indian, xi. i ; wakened from his
sleep by the fires of the Pongol festival,
xi. 46 Sun goddess, the Mikado an incarnation
of the, i. 417, iii. 2 ; of the Hittites, v.
133 »• I the Japanese, ix. 213 n.1 stone used in making sunshine, i
3i4 Sunda, names of father and mother not
to be mentioned in, iii. 341 ; names of
princes or chiefs not to be uttered in,
iii. 376 ; names of certain animals
tabooed in, iii. 415. See also Sun-
danese
Sundal, in Norway, need-fire in, x. 280 Sundanese, their belief in the homoeo- pathic magic of house timber, i. 146 ;
expel tree-spirit before they fell the
tree, ii. 36. See also Sunda Sunday, children born on a Sunday can
see treasures in the earth, xi. 288 n.6 of the Firebrands, the first Sunday
in Lent, x. no in Lent, the first, fire-festival on the,