I. year, the old, began in March, ix.

229
Romans, sacrificed pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141 ; their punish- ment of parricide, ii. no n.'2 ; their fire-customs compared to those of the Herero, ii. 227 sqq. \ their superstition as to egg-shells, in. 129 ; believed the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241 ; vows of the, iii. 262 «.2 ; their evocation of gods of besieged cities, iii. 391 ; their funeral customs, iv. 92, 96 ; their indifference to death, iv. 143 sq. ; their custom of vowing a " Sacred Spring," iv. 1 86 sq. ; their custom of catching the souls of the dying, iv. 200 ; adopt the worship of the Phrygian Mother of the Gods, v. 265 ; correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 27 sq. ; their expiation for prodigies, vi. 244 ; their marriage custom, vi. 245 ; their sacrifice of red-haired puppies to avert blighting influence of Dog-star, vii. 261, viii. 34 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318 ; sacrificed the first-fruits of corn and wine to Ceres and Liber, viii. 133 ; their worship of mildew, viii. 282 ; their cure for fever, ix. 47 ; their cure for epilepsy, ix. 68 ; their festival in honour of ghosts, ix. 154 sq. ; their seasons of sowing, ix. 232 ; their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 n.2; their belief as to men- struous women, x. 98 n.1 ; their cure for dislocation, xi. 177 ; deemed sacred the places which were struck by light- ning, xi 299
, the ancient, their ceremonies for
procuring rain, i. 309, 310 ; their be- lief as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115 ; their superstitious objection to clasped hands and crossed legs, iii. 298 ; their religion, full of relics of savagery, ix. 234. See also Rome
Romanus Lecapenus, emperor, how he
took the life of Simeon, prince of Bulgaria, xi. 156
Rome, the Porta Capena at, i. 18 ; temple of Concordia at, i. 21 n.2 ; the Sacrificial King at, i. 44, 46, ii. i; rain-making ceremony at, i. 310, ii. 183 ; sacred trees in, ii. 10 ; the kings of, ii. 171 sqq. ; founded by settlers from Alba Longa, ii. 178 ; Capitoline hill at, ii. 184, 189 ; Capitoline Jupiter at, ii. 187; "fig -town," ii. 218; founded by shepherds and herdsmen, ii. 324 ; founded at the Panlia, April 2ist, ii. 325, 326 ; name of guardian deity of Rome kept secret, iii. 391 ; funeral games at, iv. 96 ; Regifugium at, iv. 213 ; custom observed by boys at Mid-Lent in, iv. 241 ; masks hung on trees at time of sowing at, iv. 283 ; Phrygian Mother of the Gods brought to, v. 265 ; temple of Victory at, v. 265 ; high-priest of Cybeleat, v. 285 ; resur- rection of Osiris celebrated at, vi. 95 n.1 ; sacrifice of she-goat to Vedijovis at, vii 33 ; annual sacrifice of October horse at, viii. 42 sqq. ; the festival of the Compitalia at, viii. 94, 107 ; the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts at, vii. 94, 96, 107 ; the Sublician bridge at, viii. 107 ; vintage inaugurated by Flamen Dialis at, viii. 133 ; Piazza Navona at, ix. 166 sq. ; colleges of the Satii at, ix. 232 ; the Satur- nalia at, ix. 307 sq. ; the sacred fire of Vesta at, ii. 207, x. 138, xi. 91 ; myrtle -trees of the Patricians and Plebeians at, xi. 168 ; oak of the Vespasian family at, xi. 168 ; the Sister's Beam at, xi. 194 ; the Porta Triumphalis at, xi. 195
, ancient, oak woods on the site of,
ii. 184 sqq. \ the knocking of nails in, ix. 64 sqq. ; human scapegoats in, ix. 229 sqq. ; Midsummer Day in, x. 178
Romove, Romow, or Romowe, its sacred oak and perpetual fire of oak-wood, ii. 366 n.2, xi. 91, 286
Romsdal, Norway, the Old Hay- man at haymaking in the, vii. 223
Romulus, fig-tree of, ii. 10, 318 ; Capi- toline temple of Jupiter built by, ii. 176 ; death of, ii. 181 sq.> 313 ; wor- shipped after death as Quirinus, ii. 182, 193 n.1 • married to Hersilia, ii. 193 ».1; legend of his birth from the fire, ii. 196, vi, 235 ; hut of, ii. 200; son of a Vestal virgin, ii. 228; his children, ii. 270 n.s ; the name thought by some to mean ' ' fig-man, " ii. 318 ; celebrates the Parilia, ii. 329 ; cut in pieces, vi. 98 ; birth of, vujj 235 ; his disappearance at the Goat's
GENERAL INDEX
437
Marsh on the Nonae Caprotinae, ix. 258 ; said to have been cut to pieces by the patricians, ix. 258
Romulus or Remulus, king ot Aiba, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 180
and Remus, said to be sons of the
fire, ii. 196 ; their legend perhaps a reminiscence of a double kingship, ii. 290 ; suckled by she-wolf under a fig- tree, ii. 318 ; reputed sons of Mars by a Vestal Virgin, vi. 234 sq.
and Tatius, ii. 290
Rongrong village in Assam, hobby-horse at, viii. 337
Roocooyen Indians of French Guiana, their tug-of-war, ix. 181 ; their custom of stinging young people with ants and wasps, ix. 263. See Rucuyennes
Roof, children's cast teeth deposited on the, i. 178 sq.t 180; hole in, used in ritual, iii. 316 ; spirits enter through the, viii. 123 ; remains of slain bear let down through the, viii. 189 sq. , 196 ; dances on the, ix. 315 ; the external soul in, xi. 156
Roofing the king's palace in Uganda, custom as to, iii. 254
Roofs of new houses, sacrifices offered on, ii. 39
Rook, island of, custom of killing all first-born children in the, iv. 180 ; ex- pulsion of devil in the, ix. 109 ; initia- tion of young men in the, xi. 246
Roots, the first of the season, ceremonies before eating, viii. 80 sqq.
and seeds, wild, collected by women,
vii. 124 sqq.
Rope, ceremony of sliding down a, ix. 196 sqq.
Roper River, in Australia, gum-tree full of spirit-children on the, v. 101
Ropes used to keep off demons, ix. 120, 149, 154 «. ; used to exclude ghosts, ix. 152 sq., 154 n.
Roro district of British New Guinea, women after childbirth tabooed in the, iii. 148
-speaking tribes of British New
Guinea, seclusion of homicides among the, iii. 168 ; taboos observed before a hunt among the, iii. 193
Roscher, Dr. W. H., on the Sacred Marriage, ii. 137 n.1, 143 w.1; on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 n.9; on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 n.2 ; on Pan, viii. 2 «.9 ; on the beating of Mamurius Veturius, ix. 231 «.8; on the Salii, ix. 231 n.s ; on the Roman ceremony of passing under a yoke, xi. 194 ».«
Roscoe, Rev. John, on rite of adoption among the Bahima, i. 75 ; on descent
of the totem in Uganda, ii. 276 «.* ; on the belief of the Baganda in con- ception caused by a wild banana-tree, ii. 318 n.1 ; on succession to the kingship among the Banyoro, ii. 322 n.2 ; on avoidance of wife's mother in Uganda, iii. 85 n.1 ; on the Baganda belief as to shadows, iii. 87 n.6 ; as to menstruation customs in Uganda, iii. 145 «.4 ; on taboos observed by Baganda fishermen, iii. 195 n.l\ as to roofing the king's palace in Uganda, iii. 254 «.8; on disposal of cut hair and nails in Uganda, iii. 277 ».10 ; on change of vocabulary caused by fear of naming the dead among the Basagala, iii. 361 ».2; on the bearing of the human victims in Uganda, iv. 139 ; on the custom of strangling first-born males in Uganda, Koki, and Bunyoro, iv. 182 n.2 ; on con- sultation of souls of dead kings of Uganda, iv. 201 n.1 ; on serpent- worship among the Baganda and Ban- yoro, v. 86 n.1 ; on the Baganda belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 92 sq. \ on potters in Uganda, vi. 135 ; on the religion of the Bahima, vi. 190 sq. ; on the worship of the dead among the Baganda, vi. 196 ; on Mukasa, the chief god of the Baganda, vi. 196 sq. ; on massacres for sick kings of Uganda, vi. 226 ; on woman's share in agri- culture among the Baganda, vii. 118 ; on human sacrifices for the crops among the Wamegi, vii. 240 n.4 ; on the transference of abscesses among the Bahima, ix. 6 ; on the worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27 sq. ; on the use of scapegoats among the Baganda and Bahima, ix. 32 ; on life-trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 166 ; on passing through a cleft stick or a narrow opening as a cure in Uganda, xi. 181
Roscommon, Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 sq. \ divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 243
Rose, H. A. , on the sacrifice of the first- born in India, iv. 181
Rose, the Little May, ii. 74
, the Sunday of the, fourth Sunday
in Lent, iv. 222 n.1
, the white, dyed red by the blood
of Aphrodite, v. 226
Rose-bushes a protection against witches, ii. 338 ; used by mourners, probably to keep off the ghost, iii. 143
-tree, death in a blue, xi. no
Rosemary burnt on May Day as a pro- tection against witches, ix. 158 sq. ; branches of, used to beat people with in the Christmas holidays, ix. 270, 271
438
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Rosenheim, district of Upper Bavaria, the Straw-bull at harvest in, vii. 289 sq,
Roses, the smoke of, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 339 ; festival of the Crown of, x. 195 ; the King and Queen of, x. 195
Rosetta stone, the inscription, vi. 37, 152 n.
Roslin, the last sheat called the Bride at, vii. 163
Rosmapamon, in Brittany, Renan's home at, ix. 70
Ross, Isabella, on the harvest Maiden in Sutherlandshire, vii. 162 n.9
Ross-shire, the corp chre in, i. 69 ; Beltane cakes in, x. 153 ; burnt sacrifice of a pig in, x. 301 sq.
Rostowski, S. , on the heathen religion of the Lithuanians, ii. 366 «.2
Rostra, the, in the Forum, ii. 178
Rotation of crops, vii. 117
Rotenburg on the Neckar, offering to the river on St. John's Day at, xi. 28 ; the wicked weaver of, xi. 289 sq.
Roth, H. Ling, on Tasmanian modes of making fire, ii. 258 n.1
Roth, W. E.t on changes of names caused by fear of ghosts among the natives of Queensland, iii. 356 ; on belief in conception without sexual intercourse among the natives of Queensland, v. 103 n.2
Rotomahana in New Zealand, pink terraces at, v. 207, 209 n.
Rottenburg in Swabia, burning the Angel-man at, x. 167 ; precautions against witches on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 73
Rotti, an East Indian island, treatment of the navel-string in, i. 191 ; com- pensation to tree-spirit for felling tree in, ii. 36 ; spiritual ruler in, iii. 24 ; custom as to cutting child's hair in, iii. 276, 283 ; custom as to knots at marriage in, iii. 301 ; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 n.1
Rottweil, the Carnival Fool at, iv. 231
Rotuma, treatment of navel-string in, i. 184
Rouen, St. Remain at, ii. 164 sqq. ; church of St. Ouen at, ii. 165 ; cere- mony of pardoning a prisoner on Ascension Day at, ii. 166 sqq.t ix. 215 sq.
Roumania, rain-making ceremonies in, i. 273 sq. ; festival of Green George among the gipsies of, ii. 75 sq. ; the Jews of, their custom at hard labour in childbirth, iii. 298
Roumanians of Transylvania, their precautions against witches on St. George's Day, ii 338 ; their dread of
noon, iii. 88 ; their fear as to theh shadows at building, iii. 89 sq. \ their fear of wounding ghosts, iii. 238 ; pile branches! on certain graves, ix. 1 6 ; their belief in demons, ix. 106 sq. ; their belief as to the sacredness of bread, x. 13
Round temple of Diana, i. 13 ; temple of Vesta, i. 13, ii. 206 ; temple of the Sun, ii. 147 ; huts of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 sqq.
Rouse, Dr. W. H. D., on the blessing of the fruits in Greece on Angust i5th, i. 15 n.3 ] on Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82 ; on image of Demeter, vii. 208 n.1
Rowan or mountain-ash, hoops wreathed with, carried on May Day, ii. 63 ; used as a charm, ii. 331 ; pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331 ; herd-boy's wand of, ii. 341 ; parasitic, esteemed effective against witchcraft, xi. 281 ; super- stitions about a, xi. 281 sq. ; how it is to be gathered, xi. 282 ; not to be touched with iron and not to fall on the ground, xi. 282
Rowan tree, a protection against witches, ii. 53, 54, ix. 267, x. 154, 327 n.\ xi. 184 «.4, 185 ; cattle beaten with branches of, on May Day, ix. 266 sq. ; hoop of, sheep passed through a, x. 184. See also Mountain-ash
Rowmore, Garelochhead, vii. 158 n.1
Roxburgh in Queensland, rain -making at, i. 255
Royal blood not to be shed on the ground, iii. 241 sqq.
disease, jaundice called the, 1.371 «.4
families, two, supplying a king
alternately, in the Matse tribe of Togoland, ii. 293 ; animals sacred to, iv. 82
family, in four branches, providing
a king in turn, among the Igaras of the Niger, ii. 294 ; divided into two branches, in the Langrim State of the Khasis, ii. 295
personages conceived as charged
with spiritual electricity, i. 371
Royalty, conservative of old customs, ii.
288 ; the burden of, iii. i sqq. Rubens, head of giant effigy at Douay
said to have been painted by, xi. 33 Rucuyennesof Brazil, ordeal of young men
among the, x. 63. See Roocooyennes Rue, 'curses at sowing, i. 281 ; houses
fumigated with, as a protection
against witches, ix. 158 ; burnt in
Midsummer fire, x. 213 Rue aux Ours at Paris, effigy of giant
burnt in the, xi. 38
Rugaba, supreme god in Kiziba, vi. 1731 Rtigen, holy shrine in, ii. 241 «.4 ; the'
GENERAL INDEX
439
binder of the last sheaf called Rye- wolf, Wheat -wolf, or Oats -wolf in, vii. 274 ; sick persons passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172
Ruhla, in Thuringen, the Little Leaf Man at, ii. 80
Rukmini, wife of Krishna, ii. 26
Rukunitambua, a heathen temple in Fiji, in. 264
Rulers expected to have power over nature, i. 353 sq.
Rules of life observed by sacred kings and priests, iii. i sqq. ; based on a theory of lunar influence, vi. 132 sqq. , 140 sqq.
Rum, island of, 0nd the Lachlin family, xi. 284
Rumina, a Roman goddess, unmarried, vi. 231
Runaway slaves, charms to catch, i. 152, 317, iii. 305 sq.
Runaways, knots as charm to stop, iii.
305 sq.
Runes, magic, i. 241 ; how Odin learned the, v. 290
Running, contests in, at New Year fes- tival among the Kayans, vii. 98. See also Foot-races and Races
Rupert's Day, effigy burnt on, x. 119
Rupt in the Vosges, Lenten fires at, x. 109 ; the Yule log at, x. 254
Rupture, cured by plugging a snail into a tree, ix. 52 ; nailed into oaks, ix. 60 ; children passed through cleft ash-trees or oaks as a cure for, xi, 168 sqq. , 170 sqq.
Rurikwi, river in Mashonaland, chiefs not allowed to cross, iii. 9
Rush, the small (funcus tenuis], in homoeopathic magic, i. 144
Rush-cutter (Binsenschneider], a mythical being supposed to mow down the crops on St. John's Day, vii. 230 n.5
Russell, F. , on purification of man- slayers among the Pimas, iii. 183 sq.
Russia, thieves' candles in, i. 236 ; rain- making in, i. 248 ; bathing as a rain- charm in, i. 277; rain-making by means of the dead in, i. 285 ; St. George's Day in, ii. 79, 332^^. ; priest rolled on the fields to fertilize them in, ii. 103 ; sect of the Skoptsy in, ii. 145, 145 ».2 ; belief as to the souls of ancestors in the fire on the hearth in, ii. 232 sq. \ fear of having one's like- ness taken in, iii. 100 ; use of knots as amulets in, iii. 306 sq. ; funeral ceremonies of Kostrubonko, etc., in, iv. 261 sqq. ; annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 75 sqq. ; harvest cus- toms in, vii. 146, 215, 233 ; the Wot- yaks of, ix. 155 sq. ; the Cheremiss of, ix. 156 ; Midsummer fires in,
x. 176, xi. 40 ; need-fire in, x. 281, xi. 91 ; treatment of the effigy of Kupalo in, xi. 23 ; the Letts of, xi. 50 ; purple loose -strife gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 65 ; fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65, 66, 287 sq. ; birth-trees in, xi. 165. See also Russian and Russians
Russia, the Je\vs of South, their custom as to cast teeth, i. 178
, South-Eastern, the Cheremiss of,
ii. 44
, White, worship of Leschiy, a
woodland spirit in, ii. 125 ; charm to protect corn from hail in, vii. 300
Russian celebration of .Whitsuntide, ii. 64, 79 sq, , 93
feast of Florus and Laurus, x. 220
girls, their mock burial of flies on
the ist of September, viii. 279 sq.
Midsummer custom, v. 250 sq.
villagers, their precautions against
epidemics, ix. 172 sq.
wood-spirits, viii. 2
Russians, sect of the Christs among the, i. 407 sq. ', their dread of noon, iii. 88 ; religious suicides among the, iv. 44 sq. ; the heathen, their sacrifice of the first- born children, iv. 183 ; their custom on Palm Sunday, ix. 268 ; their story of Koshchei the deathless, xi. 108 sqq.
Rust of knife in homoeopathic magic, i. 158
Rustem and Isfendiyar, x. 104 sq.
Rustic Calendars, the Roman, vi. 95 n.*
Rustling of leaves regarded as the voice of spirits, ii. 30
Ruthenia, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 176
Ruthenian burglars, their charms to cause sleep, i. 148
Ruthenians, their treatment of the after- birth of cows, i. 198 ; St. George's Day among the, ii. 335
Rutuburi, a dance of the Tarahumare Indians, ix. 237
Rye, girdles of, a preventive of weariness in reaping, x. 190
Rye -beggar, name given to last sheaf in Zealand, vii. 231
-boar, name given to last sheaf
among the Esthonians of Oesel, vii. 298, 300
bride, ,name given to last sheaf in
the Tyrol, vii. 163
-dog, said to be killed at end of
reaping, vii. 272
goat, said to be in the corn, vii.
282 ; name given to reaper of last corn, vii. 283
harvest, women's race at, vii. 76 sq.
mother, said to be in the rye, vii.
440
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
132 ; name given to wreath made out of the last rye, vii. 135 Rye - pug, name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 273
- -sow, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270 ; name given to last rye cut, vii. 298 ; name given to thresher of last rye, vii. 298
— -wolf, name given to reaper or binder of last rye, vii. 270, 273, 274 ; caught in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273 ; moves in the standing rye, vii. 271 ; children warned against the, vii. 272
— -woman, the Old, said to sit in the corn, vii. 133 ; reaper of last rye said to kill the, vii. 223 ; the Old, said to live in the last stalks of rye and to be killed when they are cut, vii. 223
Saa, one of the Solomon Islands, offer- ings of first-fruits to the dead in, vni. 127 ; souls of dead in sharks at, viii.
297 Saale, the river, claims a human victim
on Midsummer Day, xi. 26 Saaralben in Lorraine, simples collected
on Midsummer Day near, xi. 47 Saaz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide
Bear in the, viii. 326 Sabaea or Sheba, the kings of, confined
to their palace, iii. 124 Sabarios, a Lithuanian festival, about the
time of the autumn sowing, viii. 49 Sabatei-Sevi, a pretended Jewish Messiah,
iv' 56 Saba>dus, a Thracian and Phrygian god
identified with Dionysus, vii. 2 tt.1; mysteries of, v. 90 «.4
Sabbath, breach of, supposed to cause the disappearance of herring, viii. 251
Sabbaths, agricultural, vii. 109; of witches on the Eve of May Day and Midsum- mer Eve, x. 171 w.3, 181, xi. 73, 74
Sabi, taboo, in western tribes of British New Guinea, iii. 343
Sabine country, the oak woods of the,
»• 354
- priests to be shaved with bronze, iii. 226
Sable-hunters, rules observed by, viii. 238
Sacaea, a Babylonian festival, iv. 113 sqq. ; the mock king of, perhaps represented Tammuz, vii. 258 sq. ; in relation to Purim, ix. 359 sqq. ; celebrated by the Persians, ix. 402
and Zakmuk, ix, 355 sqq., 399, 402
Sacer, taboo, iii. 225 n.
Sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sq. \ in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 sq. ; of swine's flesh, viii. 20, 24 ; of first-fruits, \iii. 48 sqq. ; combined with a sacrifice of them. viii. 86 : totemic,
viii. 165 ; of eating a god, viii. 167 ;
types of animal, viii. 310 sqq. Sacramental bread, at Aricia (Nemi), viii.
95, xi. 286 rz.z
character of harvest supper, vii. 303
eating of corn-spirit in animal form,
viii. 20
meal of new rice, viii. 54 ; at
initiation in Fiji, xi. 245 sq.
Sacraments among pastoral tribes, viii.
313 Sacred and unclean, correspondence of
rules regarding the, iii. 145 Sacred beasts in Egypt, i. 29 sq. ; held
responsible for the course of nature,
i- 354
chiefs and kings regarded as danger- ous, iii. 131 sqq., 138; their analogy to mourners, homicides, and women at menstruation and childbirth, iii. 138
dramas, as magical rites, ix. 373 sqq.
feather girdle of king of Tahiti, i.
388
flutes played at initiation, xi. 241
groves, in ancient Greece and Rome,
ii. 121 sqq. ; apologies for trespass on, ii. 328
harlots, in Asia Minor, v. 141 ; at
Zela, ix. 370, 371 ; in the worship of Ishtar, ix. 372
herds of cattle at shrines, iv. 20, 25
kings put to death, x. i sq.
Marriage, the, ii. 120 sqq. ; of
Roman kings, ii. 172 sq.t 192, 193 sq., 318 sq. ', of king and queen, iv. 71 ; of actors disguised as animals, iv. 71, 83 ; of gods and goddesses, iv. 73 ; of Zeus and Hera, iv. 91 ; of priest and priestess as representing god and god- dess, v. 46 sqq. ; represented in the rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 ; in Cos, vi. 259 «.4 ; at Eleusis, vii. 65 sqq. See also Marriage
men, inspired by image of Apollo,
i. 386 ; at Andania, ii. 122, v. 76 «.8 ; (kedeshim], at Jerusalem, v. 17 sq. ; and women, v. 57 sqq. ; in West Africa, v. 65 sqq. ; in Western Asia, v. 72 sqq.
persons not allowed to set foot on
the ground, x. 2 sqq. ; not to see the sun, x. 1 8 sqq.
ploughings in Attica, vii. 108
prostitution, v. 36 sqq. ; suggested
origin of, v. 39 sqq. ; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 55 sqq. ; in India, v. 61 sqq. ; in West Africa, v. 65 sqq.
slaves, v. 73, 79, ix. 370
spears used to stab sacrificial vic«
tims, iv. 19, 20, v. 274, ix. 218
" spring, the," among the ancient
Italian peoples, iv. 186 sg. \
GENERAL INDEX
44)
Sacred sticks and stones (churinga) among the Arunta, xi. 234. See Churinga
sticks representing ancestors,
among the Herero, ii. 222 sqq.
stocks and stones among the Semites,
v. 107 sqq.
stool among the Shilluk, iv. 24
things deemed dangerous, viii. 27
sqq.
Way, the, at Rome, ii. 176, viii. 42
women among the ancient Germans,
i. 391 ; the fourteen, at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32 ; in India, v. 61 sqq. ; in West Africa, v. 65 sqq. ; in Western Asia, v. 70 sqq. ; at Andania, v. 76 «.8
Sacrifice, gods become immortal by, i. 373 n.1 \ of the king's son, iv. 160 sqq. ; of the first-born, iv. 171 sqq. , 179 sqq. ; of finger-joints, iv. 219 ; of virginity, v. 60 ; of virility in the rites of Attis and Astarte, v. 268 sq. , 270 sq . ; of virility in ancient Egypt, among the Ekoi of Nigeria, etc., v. 270 n.2 ; nutritive and vicarious types of, vii. 226 ; not to be touched, viii. 27 ; annual, of a sacred animal, viii. 31 ; of first-fruits, viii. 109 sqq. ; human, successive mitigations of, ix. 396 sq. , 408 ; the Brahmanical theory of, ix. 410 sq. ; of cattle at holy oak, x. 181; of heifer at kindling need- fire, x. 290 ; of an animal to stay a cattle-plague, x. 300 sqq. ; of reindeer to the dead, xi. 178. See also Sacrifices
Sacrificer, the Brahman, consecration of, i. 380 ; becomes Vishnu, i. 380 ; simu- lated new birth of, i. 380 sq.
Sacrifices offered to ancestors, i. 286 sq.t 290 sq. ; offered to souls of ancestors, i- 339 1 offered to regalia, i. 363, 365 ; offered to king's crown, i. 365 ; offered to king's sceptre, i. 365 ; offered to king's throne, i. 365 ; to trees, i. 366 ; offered to kings, i. 417 ; offered to a sacred sword, ii. 5 ; offered to trees, ii. 15, 16 sq.t 19, 30, 31* 32. 33. 34. 35. 3^, 42, 44. 46, 47, 48 ; offered on roofs of new houses, ii. 39 ; at cutting down trees, ii. 44.; for rain, ii. 44, iv. 20 ; to water-spirits, ii. 155 sqq. ; to ghosts, iii. 56, 166 ; to the dead, iii. 88, iv. 92, 93, 94, 95, 97 ; at foundation of buildings, iii. 89 sqq. ; to ancestral spirits, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 sq., 180, 181 sq.t 183 sq. , 190; offered to souls of slain enemies, iii. 166 ; for the sick, iv. 20, 25 ; to totems, iv. 31 ; of children among the Semites, iv. 166 sqq. \ to earthquake god, v. 201, 202 ; to vol- canoes, v. 218 sqq.; to the dead dis- tinguished from sacrifices to the gods, v. 316 n.1 ; offered at the rising of Sirius,
VOI XII
vi. 36 «. ; offered in connexion will irrigation, vi. 38 sq. \ to dead kings vi. ioi, 162, 166 sq. \ of animals t prolong the life of kings, vi. 221 without shedding of blood, vi. 222 *.a offered to nets, viii. 240 n. 1 ; offeree to wolves, viii. 284 ; to a toad, viii 291. See also Sacrifice
Sacrifices, human, offered to man-gods i. 386, 387 ; to trees, ii. 15, 17 ; at laying foundations, iii. 90 sq. ; in ancien Greece, iv. 161 sqq.t ix. 253 sqq.t 35; sq. ; mock human, iv. 214 sqq.\ offeree at earthquakes, v. 201 ; offered t Dionysus, vi. 98 sq. ; at the graves o the kings of Uganda, vi. 168 ; to deae kings, vi. 173; to dead chiefs, vi. 191 to prolong the life of kings, vi. 220 sq. 223 sqq. ; for the crops, vii. 236 sqq. at festivals of new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62, 63 ; in Mexico, viii. 88, ix. 27^ sqq. ; of men and women as scapegoats, ix. 210 sqq. , 217 sq. \ their influence or cosmogonical theories, ix. 409 sqq. ; o deified men, ix. 409 ; at fire-festivals x. 106 ; traces of, x. 146, 148, T$C sqq., 186, xi. 31 ; offered by the ancien Germans, xi. 28 n.1 ; among the Celt! of Gaul, xi. 32 sq. ; the victims perhapi witches and wizards, xi. 41 sqq. ; W, Mannhardt's theory of human sacri fices among the Celts, xi. 43
, vicarious, iv. 1 17; in ancient Greece,
iv. 1 66 n.1
' ' Sacrificial fonts " in Sweden, x. 172 «.'
King at Rome, i. 44, 46, ii. 2
victims carried round city, iii. 188 ;
the tongues of, cut out, viii. 270 ; beat- ing people with the skins of, ix. 265
Sada, Sana, Persian festival of fire at th« winter solstice, x. 269
Sadana, rice-bridegroom in Java, vii. 200 sq.
Saddle Island, Melanesia, superstition as to reflections in water in, iii. 93 sq.
Sadyattes, son of Cadys, viceroy of Lydia, v. 183
Saffron in charm to make the wind blow, i. 320 ; at the Corycian cave, v. 154, 187
Saffron Walden, in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60
Sagaing district of Burma, tamarind-tree worshipped for rain in the, ii. 46
Sagami, in Japan, rain-making at, i. 305
Sagar in India, use of scapegoat at, ix. 190 sq.
Sagard, Gabriel, on resurrections of the dead among the Indians of Canada, iii. 366 sq. ; on preachers to fish among the Hurons, viii. 250 sq.
Sage, divination by sprigs of red, on Midsummer Eve, xi. 61 «.4
* 2 F
442
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Saghalien, the Amos of, i. 114, viii. 180, 188 ; opening everything to facilitate childbirth in, iii. 297 ; the Gilyaks of, in. 370, viii. 190 tt.1
Sagittarius, mistletoe cut when the sun is in the sign of, xi. 82
Sago, magic for the growth of, vi. 101
Sahagun, B. de, on old Mexican view of intoxication, iii. 249 sq. ; on the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 29 n. ; Franciscan monk, his work on the Indians of Mexico, vii. 175 ; on the sacrifice of the human representative of Tezcatli- poca, ix. 276 ; on the Mexican dances, ix. 280 ; on the sacrifice of human victims to the fire-god in Mexico, ix. 301 n.1 ; on the treatment of witches and wizards among the Aztecs, xi.
159 Sahara, the Tuaregs of the, iii. 117, 122,
353 Saibai, island of Torres Strait, magical
images to procure offspring in, i. 72 ;
seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147,
x. 40 sq. Sail Dharaich, Sollas, in North Uist,
need-fire at, x. 294 Sailors at sea, special language em ployed
by, iii. 413 sqq. "Saining," a protection against spirits,
ix. 1 68
St. Andrews, witch burned at, iii. 309 St. Angelo ill-treated in drought in
Sicily, i. 300
St. Anthony's fire treated by homoeo- pathic magic, i. 81 sq. St. Antony, wood of, x. no St. Barbara's Day (the 4th of December),
custom of putting rods in pickle on,
ix. 270 St. Brandon, church of, in Ireland, sick
women pass through a window of the,
xi. 190 St. Bride, her Day (February ist) in the
Highlands of Scotland, ii. 94 ; an
old goddess of fertility, ii. 95 ; at
Kildare, ii. 242 St. Bridget, ii. 94 sq., 242. See St.
Brigit St. Brigit, holy fire and nuns of, at
Kildare, ii. 240 sqq. St. Catherine's Day (December 6th),
festival of weasels on, viii. 275 St. Christopher, name given to Mid- summer giant at Salisbury, xi. 38 St. Columb Kill, festival of, x. 241 St. Columba worshipped as an embodi- ment of Christ, i. 407 ; on the oaks of
Derry, ii. 242 sq.
St. Columba's tomb in lona, i. 160 St. Corona, church of, at Koppenwal,
holed stone in the, xi. 188 sq.
St. Dasius, martyrdom of, at Durostorum,
ii. 310 rt.1, ix. 308 sqq. ; his tomb at
Ancona, ii. 310 n.1, ix. 310 Saint- Denis-des-Puits, the oak of, xi.
287 n.1
St. Denys, his seven heads, vi. 12 Saint Donan, in Brittany, superstition at
to the wren at, vfri. 318 St. Eany's well in the Aran Islands,
women desirous of offspring pray at,
ii. 161 St. Edmund's Day in November, Lord
of Misrule elected at Merton College,
Oxford, on, ix. 332
St. Eloi, Bishop of Noyon, his denuncia- tion of heathen practices, xi. 190 St. Estapin, festival of, on August the
6th, xi. 188 St. Eustorgius, church of, at Milan, ix.
33i
St. Fillan's well at Comrie, resorted to by women who wish to become mothers, ii. 161
St. Flannan, chapel of, in the Flannan Islands, iii. 393
St. Francis of Paola, the giver of rain, i. 300, 301 n.
St. Gall, the Canton of, the Corn-goat at harvest in, vii. 283
St. Gens, his image used in rain-making, i. 307
St. George and the Dragon, ii. 163 sg., iv. 107; and the Panlia, ii. 324^^., v. 308, 309 ; patron saint of cattle, horses, and wolves, ii. 330, 332, 336, 337. 338 ; chapel of, ii. 337 ; repre- sented by a living man on horseback, "• 337 > as a spirit of trees or vegeta- tion, ii. 343 sq. ; as giver of offspring to women, ii. 344 sqq., v. 78, 79, 90 ; in relation to serpents, ii. 344, 344 n.4 ; in Syria, ii. 346, v. 78 ; perhaps the modern equivalent of Tammuz or Adonis, ii. 346 ; Cappadocian saint and martyr, ii. 347 ; swinging on the festival of, iv. 283
St. George's Day (23rd April), fertiliza- tion of barren women by fruit-trees on, ii. 56 sq., 344 ; Green George on, n- 75» 76, 79 ; ceremony to fertilize the fields on, ii. 103 ; cattle crowned on, as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 sq. , 339 ; effigy of a dragon carried at Ragusa on, ii. 164 n.1 ; great popular festival of herdsmen and shepherds in Eastern Europe, ii. 330^^., x. 223 «.* ; the power of witches thought to be at its greatest height on, ii. 336 ; love charms on, ii. 345 sq. ; among the South Slavs, ix. 54 ; bells rung on, to make the grass grow, ix. 247 *
' Eve, a time when witches steal milk
GENERAL INDEX
443
from the cows, ii. 334 sq. ; snake's tongue cut on, viii. 270 ; witches active on, ix. 158
St. Gervais, spring of, used in rain- making, i. 307
St. Guirec, m Brittany, his statue stuck with pins, ix. 70
St. Hippolytus, a resuscitation of the Greek Hippolytus, i. 21
St. Hitzibouzit, a Persian martyr, ix. 412 «.2
St. Hubert blesses bullets with which to shoot witches, x. 315 sq.
St. James, on faith and works, i. 223 ; on pure religion, i. 224 ; name of, bestowed by Peruvian Indians on one of twins, i. 266
St. James's Day (July the 25th), the flower of chicory cut on, xi. 71
St. Jean, in the Jura, Midsummer fire- custom at, x. 189
St. Jerome on the Celtic speech of the Galatians, ii. 126 n.2, xi. 89 w.2
St. Johann, m Salzburg, the Perchten at, ix. 245
St. John blesses the flowers on Mid- summer Eve, x. 171 ; his hair looked for in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 sq. , 190; fires of, in France, x. 183, 188, 189, 190, 192, 193; prayers to, at Midsummer, x. 210 ; claims human victims on St. John's Day (Mid- summer Day), xi. 27, 29 ; print of his head on St. John's Eve, xi. 57 ; oil of, found on oak leaves at Midsummer, xi. 83, 293
the Baptist, bathing on his day, i.
277 ; his Midsummer festival, ii. 273 ; his chapel at Athens, ix. 53 ; asso- ciated by the Catholic Church with Midsummer Day, x. 160, 181
(the Evangelist), festival of, ix. 334
, gossips of, in Sicily, v. 145, 251
, the Knights of, x. 194 ; Grand
Master of the Order of, x. 211
, Sweethearts of, in Sardinia, ii. 92,
v. 244 j?., 251
St. John, Spenser, on reasons for head- hunting in Sarawak, v. 296
St. John's blood found on St. John's wort and other plants at Midsummer, xi. 56, 57
College, Oxford, the Christmas
candle at, x. 255
Day (Midsummer Day), barren fruit- trees threatened on, ii. 22 ; swinging on, iv. 157, 280 ; or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), custom of bathing on, v. 246 sqq. ; the Rush-cutter supposed to mow down the crops on, vii. 23 ; in Abyssinia, ix. 133 ; Midsummer fires on, x. 167 sqq. , 171 sqq. , 178, 179 ;
fire kindled by friction of wood on, x. 281 ; fern-seed blooms on, xi. 287. See also Midsummer
St. John's Eve (Midsummer Eve), in Sweden, ii. 65 ; Russian ceremony on, iv. 262 ; in Malta, x. 210 sq.\ wonder- ful herbs gathered on, xi. 45 sqq.\ sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 171
fires among the South Slavs, x.
178 ; among the Esthonians, x. 180. See also Midsummer fires
flower at Midsummer, xi. 50 ;
gathered on St. John's Eve (Mid- summer Eve), xi. 57 sq.
girdle, mug wort,' xi. 59
herbs gathered at Midsummer, xi.
46 sq. , 49 ; a protection against evil
spirits, xi. 49 Midsummer festival in Sardinia, v.
244 sq.
Night (Midsummer Eve), precau- tions against witches on, xi. 20 «.
root (Johanniswurzel), the male
fern, xi. 66
wort (Hypericum perforatum),
gathered at Midsummer, v. 252 sq. \ a protection against witchcraft, ix. 1 60 ; garlands of, at Midsummer, x. 169 «.3, 196 ; gathered on St. John's Day or Eve (Midsummer Day or Eve), xi. 49, 54 sqq. ; a protection against thunder, witches, and evil spirits, xi. 54. 55 • 74 '• thrown into the Mid- summer bonfires, xi. 55
St. Joseph ill-treated in drought in Sicily,
i. 300 ; feast of, ix. 297 St. Juan Capistrano, in California, ordeal
of nettles and ants among the Indians
of, x. 64. See San Juan Capistrano St. Julien, church of, at Ath, xi. 36 St. Just, in Cornwall, Midsummer fire-
custom at, x. 200 St. Kilda, not to be named in the Flannan
Islands, iii. 393 ; All Saints' Day in,
vi. 80 ; beating man clad in a cow's
hide in, viii. 322, 323 St. Lawrence, the fire of, children
thought to suffer from, if they touch
young wrens in the nest, viii. 318 ;
family of, their lives bound up with
an old tree at Howth Castle, xi. 166 St. Leonard, patron of cattle, horses,
and pigs, i. 7 sq. ; blesses women with
offspring, i. 8 ; patron of prisoners, i.
8 ; his shrines asylums, i. 8 Saint-L6, the burning of Shrove Tuesday
at, iv. 228 sq. St. Louis, gift of healing by touch said
to be derived by French kings from,
i. 370 St. Luke, the festival of, on October
444
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
1 8th, souls of the dead thought to
return on that day, vi. 55 Saintes-Maries, Midsummer custom at,
v. 248, x. 194 St. Martin invoked in Switzerland to
disperse a mist, x. 280 S. Martinus Dumiensis, on the date of
the Crucifixion in Gaul, v. 307 n. St. Mary, wells of, at Whitekirk and in
the Isle of May, resorted to by women
who wish to become mothers, ii. 161 ;
in Araceli, the church of, at Rome,
ii. 184
— at Liibeck, church of, x. 100 , Isle of, custom of whalers in the,
viii. 235 St. Matthew's Day (August 2ist), festival
of weasels on, viii. 275 St. Maughold, gives the veil to St.
Bridget, ii. 95 St. Michael ill-treated in drought, i. 300
in Alaska, annual festival of the
dead among the Esquimaux at, vi. 51 ; bladder-festival of the Esquimaux at, viii. 249
St. Michael's cake, made at Michaelmas in the Hebrides, x. 149, 154 n.s
St. Neot's, in Huntingdonshire, ii. 71 n.1
St. Nicholas, patch of oats left at harvest for, vii. 233
St. Nicholas's Day (the 6th of December), the election of the Boy Bishop on, ix.
337. 338 St. Ninian, sacred trees near a chapel of,
ii. 44 St. Nonnosius, relics of, in the cathedral
of Freising, Bavaria, xi. 188 sq. St. Olaf s Day (July 2gth), lamb sacrificed
by the Karels on, viii. 258 «.2 St. Ouen, his church at Rouen, ii. 165 ;
early lives of, ii. 168 St. Patrick, canon attributed to, i. 367
and the Beltane fires, x. 157 sq.
St. Patrick's Chair, pilgrimage to, on
Midsummer Eve, x. 205
Mount, near Downpatrick, x. 205
St. Paul, the Paulicians appeal to the
authority of, i. 407 ; on immortality,
vii. 91 St. Paul's, London, the Boy Bishop at,
ix. 337 St. Peter, prayed to for rain, his image
dipped in water, i. 307 sq. n. and St. Paul, celebration of their
day in London, x. 196 St. Peter's, Canterbury, the Boy Bishop
at, ix. 337
• at Rome, new fire at Easter in, x.
"5
— Day (29th June), poplar burnt on, ii. 141 ; the " Funeral of Kostroma" in Russia on, iv. 262 ; bonfires in
Belgium on, x. 194 sq. \ bonfires at
Eton on, x. 197 ; fires in Scotland on,
x. 207 St. Peter's Day (22nd February), ashes
exchanged as presents on, vii. 300 ;
expulsion of butterflies in Westphalia
on, ix. 159 n.1 Eve, bonfires on, x. 195, 198, 199
sq. ; Midsummer fires in Ireland on,
x. 202 ; gathering herbs on, xi. 45 n.1 St. Pierre d'Entremont, in Normandy,
game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix.
183 St. Pons, his image used in rain-making,
i. 307 St. Rochus's Day, need-fire kindled on,
x. 282 St. Remain and the dragon of Rouen,
ii. 164 sqq. \ the shrine (fierte} of, ii.
167, 168, 170 n.1, ix. 216 St. S£caire, Mass of, i. 232 sq. St. Simon and St. Jude's Day (October
28th), the dead feasted among the
Letts on, vi. 74 St. Stephen, church of, at Beauvais,
Festival of Fools in the, ix. 336 St. Stephen's Day (December 26th),
the hunting and burial of the wren
on, viii. 319 sq. ; custom of beating
young women on, ix. 270 ; Lord oi
Misrule appointed in the Inner Temple
on, ix. 333 ; Festival of Fools on, ix.
334 St. Sylvester's Day (New Year's Eve),
superstition as to shadows on, iii. 88;
precautions against witches on, ix.
164 sq. Eve, evil spirits driven out of the
houses at Trieste on, ix. 165 St. Tecla, the falling sickness cured in
her church at Llandegla in Wales,
ix. 52 St. Thomas's Day (2ist December),
the Twelve Days counted from, in
some parts of Bavaria, ix. 327 ; elec- tion of the Boy Bishop on, ix. 337 n.1 \
bonfires on, x. 266 ; witches dreaded
on, xi. 73
Eve, witches active on, ix. 160
Mount, near Madras, the fire- walk
at, xi. 8 n.1 St. Tredwels, chapel of, in one of the
Orkney Islands, heap of stones to
which each comer adds at, ix. 29 Saint- Valery in Picardy, torches carried
through the fields on the first Sunday
in Lent at, x. 113 St. Vitus, festival of, omens drawn from
barley and wheat sown a few days
before the, v. 252 St. Vitus's dance, supposed to be causes
by demoniac possession or the shadow
445
of an enemy, iii. 83 ; mistletoe a cure for, xi. 84
St. Vitus's Day, "fire of heaven" kindled on, x. 335
St. Wolfgang, Falkenstein chapel of, cleft rock through which pilgrims creep near, xi. 189
Samtonge, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69 ; the Yule log in, x. 251 n.1 ; wonderful herbs gathered on St. John's Eve in, xi. 45 ; St. John's wort in, xi. 55 ; vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 «.4 ; four-leaved clover at Mid- summer in, xi. 63
and Aunis, burning the Carnival
in, iv. 230 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 192
Saints, violence done to images of saints in Sicily to procure rain, i. 300 ; images of saints dipped in water as a rain- charm, i. 307 sq. ; as the givers of children to women, v. 78 sq. , 91, 109 ; cairns near shrines of Mohammedan,