X. I2O, xi. 22

trees, ii. 59 sq. , 64, 68 sq., iv. 251
sq. ; at Whitsuntide, iv. 208, 210, 211 Mayas of Yucatan, their annual expul- sion of the demon of evil, ix. 171 ;
their calendar, ix. 171 ; their five
supplementary days, ix. 171, 340 Mayenne, French department of, May
carols and trees in, ii. 63 Mayo, County, story of Guleesh in, x.
228 Mayos or Mayes, on May Day in Pro-
vence, ii. 80 Mbaya Indians of South America, self-
sacrifice of old woman among the, iv.
140 ; their custom of infanticide, iv.
197 M'Bengas of the Gaboon, birth -trees
among the, xi. 160 Mbengga, in Fiji, the fire-walk in, XL
10 sq.
Mbete, priest, in Fiji, i. 378 Me Bau, a Thay goddess, ix. 98 Me*ac (February), a Cambodian month,
iv. 148 Meakin, Budgett, on Midsummer fires in
Morocco, x. 214 «. Meal offered to the wind, i. 329 «.5 ;
sprinkled to keep off evil spirits, Hi.
366
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
112 ; rubbed on man as a purificatory rite, in. 113
" Meal and ale," standing dish at harvest supper, vii. 160, 161
Measuring shadows at laying founda- tions, iii. 89 sq.
Measuring- tape deified, iii. 91 sq.
Meat and milk, dietary rules as to, viii. 83 sq.
Meath, County, hunting the wren in, viii. 320 n. ; Hill of Ward in, x. 139 ; Uisnech in, x. 158
Meaux, Midsummer bonfires in the diocese of, x. 182
Mecca, pilgrims to, not allowed to wear knots and rings, iii. 293 sq. \ stone- throwing at, ix. 24
Mechanisms, primitive, for determining the time of year by observation of the sun, vii. 314
Mecklenburg, contagious magic of foot- prints in, i. 210, 211 ; locks unlocked at childbirth in, ni. 296 ; wolves and other animals not to be called by their proper names between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396 sq. ; harvest customs in, vii. 229, 274 ; the Corn- wolf in, vii. 273 ; the Harvest-goat in, vii. 283 ; cure for fever in, ix. 56 ; precaution against witches on Wal- purgis Night in, ix. 163 n.1 ; cattle beaten on Good Friday in, ix. 266 ; mode of reckoning the Twelve Days in, ix. 327 ; need - fire in, x. 274 sq. ; simples gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 48 ; mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 60; the divining-rod in, xi. 67 ; treatment of the afterbirth in, xi. 165 ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure in, xi. 171 sq. ; custom of striking blindfold at a half-buried cock in, xi. 279 «.4
Medea and her magic cauldron, v. 180 sq.
and Aeson, viii. 143
Medes, the king of, not to be seen by anybody, iii. 121 ; law of the, iii. 121
Medicine differentiated from magic, i. 42m.1', in Bolang Mongondo nothing but sacrifice, magic, and talismans, ix. 86
Medicine- bag, instrument of pretended death and resurrection at initiation, xi. 268 sg.
— - -man bleeds a man, i. 91 ; bottles up departing souls, iii. 31 ; dance of, at blessing maize or dead game, viii. 71 sq. ; propitiates rattlesnake, viii. 217 ; atones for slaughter of wolf, viii. 220 ; conjures soul of infant into coco- nut, xi. 154 sq. ; his mode of cure in Uganda, xi. 181 sq. ; in Australia,
initiation of, xi. 237 sqq. See also Medicine-men
Medicine-men (magicians, sorcerers), drive away rain, i. 253 ; their political power in South-east Australia, i. 336 ; power of, among African tribes, i. 342 sqq. \ power of, among the American Indians, i- 355 sff- J develop into gods and kings, i. 375, 420 sq. ; progressive differentiation of, i. 420 sq. ; the oldest professional class, i. 420 ; employed to recover lost souls, iii. 42 sq. , 45, 47 sq., 54, 56, 58, 66 ; swinging of, as a mode of cure, iv. 280 sq. ; of Zulus, feel ancestral spirits in their shoulders, v. 74 «.4 ; of Wiimbaio, extract disease in shape of crystals, v. 75 «.4; assimi- lated to women or thought to be trans- formed into women, vi. 256 ; need of, to circumvent evil spirits, ix. 76 ; whirl bull-roarers, xi. 231 ; in initiatory rites, xi. 237. See also Magicians, Shamans, Sorcerers, and Wizards
Medium inspired by dead king of Uganda, vi. 171
Mediums, inspired, in Bali, i. 378 sq. ; human, inspired by the spirits of crocodiles, lions, leopards, and ser- pents, viii. 213
Medontids at Athens, changed from kings to magistrates, ii. 290 ; reduc- tion in their tenure of office, vii. 86
Mefitis, Italian goddess of mephitic vapours, v. 204, 205
Megalopolis, battle of gods and giants in plain of, v. 157
Megara, annual kingship at, i. 46 ; besieged by Minos, xi. 103
Megara, sacred caverns or vaults, viii. 17 «.6
Megarian girls offer their hair to Iphinoe, i. 28
Megassares, king of Hyria, v. 41
Megha Raja, the lord of rain, his figure painted in a rain -charm, i. 296
Meilichios, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 4
Meiners, C. , on purification by blood, v. 299 n.z
Meinersen, in Hanover, need -fire at a village near, x. 275
Meiningen, use of pigs' bones at sowing in, vii. 300
Meiron, in Galilee, burnings for dead Jewish Rabbis at, v. 178 sq.
Meissen or Thuringia, horse's bead thrown into Midsummer fire in, xi. 40
Mekeo, district of British New Guinea, homoeopathic magic of drums in, i. 134 sq. ; taboos observed for the sake of the crops in, ii. 106 ; double chieftainship in, iii. 24 sq. \ customs observed by widowers in, iii. 144
GENERAL INDEX
367
$qt \ women after childbirth tabooed in, iii. 148
Mela's description of the Corycian cave, v. 155 n.t 156
Melampus and Iphiclus, i. 158
Melancholy, characteristic of men of genius, viii. 302 «.5
Melanesia, homoeopathic magic of stones in, i.>64 ; contagious magic of wounds in, i. 201 ; confusion of religion and magic in, i. 227 sq. • wizards in, the variety of their functions, i. 227 sq. \ weather doctors in, i. 321 ; wind- charms in, i. 321 ; supernatural power of chiefs in, i. 338 sgq. \ continence ob- served while the yam vines are train- ing in, ii. 105 ; close relation of mother's brother to his nephews in, ii. 285 ; practice of lengthening the head artificially in, ii. 298 «.8 ; at- tempt to recover a lost soul in, iii. 65 ; ghost-haunted stones in, iii. 80 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 sq. \ tabooed persons not allowed to handle food in, iii. 141 ; cleanliness from superstitious motives in, iii. 158 «. * ; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 130 «.1 ; belief in con- ception without sexual intercourse in, v. 97 sq. ; magicians buried secretly in, vi. 105 ; conception of the external soul in, xi. 197 sqq. See also Melanesians
Melanesian and Papuan stocks in New Guinea, xi. 239
wizard, his soul as an eagle, iii. 34
Melanesians of the Bismarck Archipelago, unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329 ; mother-kin among the, vi. 211 ; of New Britain, their use of flowers and leaves as talismans, vi. 242 sq. \ their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313 ; their belief in demons, ix. 82 sq. ; their stories of the origin of death, ix. 303 ^.
of Florida, one of the Solomon
Islands, their fear of offending ghosts after eating of certain foods, viii. 85
Melawie River, the Dyaks of the, iii.
7i
Melcarth, the god of Tyre, identified with Hercules, v. 16, in ; worshipped at Amathus in Cyprus, v. 32, 117; the burning of, v. no sqq. ; worshipped at Gades, v. 112 sq.t vi. 258 «.8
Melchior, one of the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 sqq.
Melchizedek, king of Salem, v. 17
Meleager, his life bound up wkh a fire- brand, ii. 265, xi. 103 ; and the olive- leaf, xi. 103 «.a
Me lech and Moloch, vi. 219 sq.
Melenik. in Macedonia, rain-making at,
i. 274 ; fiends scalded to death on New Year's Eve at, ix. 320
Meles, king of Lydia, banished because of a dearth, v. 183 ; causes lion to be carried round acropolis, v. 184
Melicertes, Isthmian games at Corinth celebrated in his honour, iv. 93, 103 ; son of Athamas and Ino, iv. 161 ; changed with his mother into marine divinities, iv. 162 ; in Tenedos, human sacrifices to, iv. 162 ; a form of Mel- carth, v. 113
Melite in Phthia, Aspalis, a form of the Hanged Artemis, at, v. 291 sq.
Melito on the father of Adonis, v. 13 ».2
Mel I, last corn cut, vii. 151 sq.
Meil-doll, vii. 151
-sheaf, vii. 151 sq.
-supper, vii. 151
Melos, milk-stones in, i. 165
Melur, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire- walk at, xi. 8 sq.
Memnonium at Thebes, vi. 35 n.
Memorial stones, flat and standing, in honour of women and men respec- tively, among the Khasis, vi. 203
Memphis, statues of Summer and Winter at, iv. 259 n.1 ; head of Osiris at, vi. n ; oath of the kings of Egypt at, vi. 24 ; festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, vi. 108 ; Apis the sacred bull of, vi. 119 «., viii. 34 , the sanctu- ary of Serapis at, vi. 119 n.
Men, masked, personating the dead, ii. 178, vi. 53 ; injured through their shadows, iii. 78 sqq. \ create gods in their own likeness, iv. 194 ; make gods, vi. 2ii ; dressed as women, vi. 253 sqq. ; dressed as women at marriage, vi. 261 sq. ; dressed as women to deceive dangerous spirits, vi. 262 sq. ; dressed as women at circumcision, vi. 263 ; parts of, eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 148 sqq. ; disguised as animals, processions of, viii. 325 sqq. ; evil trans- ferred to, ix. 38 sqq. ; possessed by spirits in China, ix. 117; disguised as demons, ix. 170 sq.t 172, 173, 213, 214 sq.t 235 ; as scapegoats, ix. 194 sqq. ; divine, as scapegoats, ix. 217 sqq. ; masked, as representatives of the spirits of fertility, both vegetable and animal, ix. 249 sq. ; sacrifices of deified, ix. 409; disguised as women, x. 107
and asses, redemption of firstling,
iv. 173
" of God," prophets, v. 76
and women, difference of language
between, iii. 348 sq. ; inspired by the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, vi. 171, 172, 192 sq. \ forbidden by
368
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Mosaic law to interchange dress, ix.
363; eat apart, x. 81 Men's blood not to be seen by women,
iii. 252 n. Men Tyrannus, Phrygian moon -god, v.
284 ; custom as to pollution of death
at his shrine, vi. 227 Men-an~tol% "holed stone" in Cornwall,
xi. 187 Mendalam River in Borneo, vii. 97, 98,
187 Mendes, in Egypt, mummy of Osiris at,
iv. 4; the ram -god of, iv. 7 w.2; the goat the beast-god of, viii. 172
Menedemus, sacrifices without the use of iron to, iii. 226 sq.
Menelaus, husband of Helen and king of Sparta, ii. 279
Menelik, Emperor of Abyssinia, forbids sanguinary fights for purpose of pro- curing rain, i. 258
Mengap, a Dyak liturgy, ix. 383
Menoeceus, his voluntary death, iv. 192 ».8
Menomini Indians, ritual of death and resurrection among the, xi. 268 n.1
Menstruation, women tabooed at, iii. 145 sqq. \ seclusion of girls at the first, x. 22 sqq. \ the first, attributed to deflora- tion by a spirit, x. 24 ; reasons for secluding women at, x. 97
Menstruous blood, the dread of, x. 76. See also Blood
— — fluid, medicinal applications of the, x. 98 n.1
• woman forbidden to touch roof- thatch, i. 179 n.1
women, avoidance of, by hunters,
iii. 211 ; disability of, viii. 253 sq. ; keep their heads or faces covered, x. 22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 44 sq.t 48 sq., 55, 90, 92 ; not allowed to cross or bathe in rivers, x. 77 ; not allowed to go near water, x. 77 ; supposed to spoil fisheries, x. 77, 78, gosq.t 93; painted red, or red and white, x. 78 ; not allowed to use the ordinary paths, x. 78, 80, 84, 89, 90 ; not allowed to approach the sea, x. 79 ; not allowed to enter cultivated fields, x. 79 ; obliged to occupy special huts, x. 79, 82, 85 sqq. ; supposed to spoil crops, x. 79, 96 ; not allowed to cook, x. 80, 82, 84, 90 ; not allowed to drink milk, x. 80, 84 ; not allowed to handle salt, x. 8 1 sq.t 84 ; kept from wells, x. 81, 82, 97 ; obliged to use separate doors, x. 84 ; not allowed to lie on high beds, x. 84 ; not allowed to touch or see fire, x. 84, 85 ; not allowed to cross the tracks of animals, x. 84, 91, 93 ; excluded from religious ceremonies, x. 85 ; not allowed to eat with men, x.
85, 90 ; thought to spoil the luck oi hunters, x. 87, 89, 90, 91, 94 ; not allowed to ride horses, x. 88 sq. , 96 ; not allowed to walk on ice of rivers and lakes, x. 90 ; dangers to which they are thought to be exposed, x. 94 ; not allowed to touch beer, wine or vinegar, x. 96 ; not allowed to salt or pickle meat, x. 96 «.2 ; not allowed to cross running streams, x. 97 ; not allowed to draw water at wells, x. 97 ; used to protect fields against insects, x. 98 n.1
Menstruous women dreaded and secluded, iii. 145 sqq.t 206 ; in Australia, iii. 145, x. 76 sqq. ; in America, iii. 145 sqq. , x. 85^^. ; in the Torres Straits Islands, x. 78 sq. ; in New Guinea, x. 79 ; in Galela, x. 79 ; in Sumatra, x. 79 ; in Africa, x. 79 sqq. ; among the Jews and in Syria, x. 83 sq. ; in India, x. 84 sq. ; in Annam, x. 85
Mentawei Islands, ceremony at reception of strangers in the, iii. 104
Mentras of Malacca use a special lan- guage in searching for lignum aloes, iii. 404 ; their tradition as to primitive man, vi. 140
Mephitic vapours, worship of, v. 203 sqq.
Mequinez in Morocco, custom of throw- ing water on each other at Midsummer at, x. 216'
Mercato Nuovo at Florence, the Old Woman sawn through at Mid-Lent in the, iv. 241
Mercurial temperament of merchants and sailors, vi. 218
Merenra, king of Egypt, worshipped in his lifetime, i. 418
Meriahs, human victims sacrificed for good crops among the Khonds, iv. 139, vii. 245, 246, 249, 250
Merkel, R. , 6n the grove of Helernus, ii. 190 «.a
Merker, Captain M. , on the power of medicine -men among the Masai, i. 343 sq.
Merlin, the wizard, his magic sleep, i. 306
Merodach or Marduk, Babylonian deity, ix. 356. See Marduk
Meroe, Ethiopian kings of, put to death, iv. 15
Merolla, G. , da Sorrento, on food taboos in Congo, iii. 137 ; on the custom of putting the Chitome* to death, iv. 14 sq. ; on seclusion of girls at puberty on the Congo, x. 31 ».8
Merovingian kings may have touched for scrofula, i. 370
Merrakech, in Morocco, custom of throw- ing water on each other at Midsummer at, x. 216 ; New Year fires at. x. 217
GENERAL INDEX
369
Merseburg, binder of last sheaf called
the Oatsman near, vii. 221 Merton College, Oxford, King of the
Bean at, ix. 332 sq. Mesha, king of Moab, his god Kemosh,
v. 15 ; sacrifices his first-born, v. no Mesopotamia, artificial fertilization of
the date-palm in, ix. 272 sq. ; Atrae
in, x. 82 Mespelaer, in Belgium, St. Peter's fires
at, x. 195 Messaria, in Cythnos, children passed
through holed rock near, xi. 189 Messenia, Andania in, ii. 122 Messiah, pretended new, in America, i.
409 ; pretended Jewish, at Smyrna,
iv. 46 ; " the Anointed One," v. 21 Metageitnion, an Attic month, vii. 77,
viii. 17 «.2, ix. 354
Metal instruments, the clash of, a pro- tection against witches, ix. 158 Metapontum, head of Demeter on a coin
of, vii. 68 n.1
Meteor as signal for festival, v. 259 Meteorite, powdered, in a charm, viii.
166 sq. Meteors, superstitions as to, iv. 58 sqq.
See also Falling Stars Metharme, daughter of Pygmalion, v. 41 Methide plant growing over grave of
Osiris, vi. in Metis, swallowed by her husband Zeus,
iv. 192 Melon, his cycle of nineteen years, vii.
81 «.3 " Metropolis of the Corn," Athens called
the, by Delphic oracle, vii. 58 Metsik, a forest -spirit, the patron of
cattle, ii. 55 ; his effigy carried out
of the village by the Esthonians on
Shrove Tuesday, iv. 233, 252 sq. Metz, F., on the fire- walk among the
Badagas, xi. 9 Metz, cats burnt alive in Midsummer fire
at, xi. 39
Mexican calendar, its mode of intercala- tion, vi. 28 n.8 custom of veiling the images of the
gods during the king's sickness, iii.
95 «.8 ; of making images of gods out
of dough and eating them sacrament- ally, viii. 86 sqq. human sacrifices in connexion with
the maize crop, vii. 236 sqq., 251 ;
assimilation of the victims to the gods
iii, vii. 261, ix. 275 sqq. Indians, confession of sins among
the, iii. 216 «.2 kings, oath taken by them at their
accession, i. 356, 416
sacraments, viii. 86 sqq.
temples, their form, ix. 279
Mexicans, their custom of eating a man as an embodiment of a god, viii. 92 sq.
, the ancient, their human sacri- fices to the sun, i. 314 sq. ; human sacrifices of, vi. 107, vii. 236 sqq. ; their customs at maize -harvest, vii. 174 sqq.
Mexico, the Huichol Indians of, i. 123, 154 sq. , 302, iii. 197, vii. 177, viii. 93 ; Indians of, their charm to cause sleep, i. 148 ; the Tarahumare Indians of, i. 150, 155, 249, 284, ii. 156 sq., vii. 227 sq. , viii. 252, ix. 10, 236 ; the Tepehuanes of, iii. 325, 424, ix. 10 ; rule as to the felling of timber in, vi. 136 ; the Zapotecs of, vii. 174, xi. 212; the Tzen tales of, viii. 241 ; heaps of stones and sticks to which passers- by add, in, ix. 10 ; the Cora Indians of, ix. 238, 381 ; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 127 sq.
, ancient, custom as to children's
cast teeth in, i. 179 ; treatment of the navel-string in, i. 196 sq. ; custom of passing new-born children through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 w.8, virgin- priestesses of fire in, ii. 245 ; conti- nence at brewing pulque in, iii. 201 sq. ; tears of human victims a sign of rain in, vii. 248 «.2; magic ointment in, viii. 165 ; use of skins of human victims in, ix. 265 sq. , 297, 298 sq. ; killing the god in, ix. 275 sqq. ; story of the crea- tion of the sun in, ix. 410 ; ceremony of new fire in, x. 132 ; representation of the sun as a wheel in, x. 334 n.1
Meyer, Professor Eduard, on prophecy in Canaan, v. 75 n.6 ; on the Hittite lan- guage, v. 125 «. ; on costume of Hittite priest or king, v. 133 «. , 141 n.1 ; on the rock-hewn sculptures of Boghaz-Keui, v. 133 n. ; on Anubis at Abydos, vi. 1 8 «.8; on the hawk as an Egyptian emblem, vi. 22 n.1 ; on the date of the introduction of the Egyptian calen- dar, vi. 36 n.z ; on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 «.2, vii. 260 n 2 ; on the relation of Byblus to Egypt, vi. 127 if.1; on the Lycian language, vi. 213 n.1 ; on the age of the Egyptian calendar, ix. 340 ».4
Meyer, Professor Kuno, on an Irish legend, iv. 159 n.1
Mezentius, king of Caere, his battle with Latinus, iv. 283
Mhaighdean - Bhuana (or Maighdean- Buana), the Corn-maiden in the High- lands of Scotland, vii. 156, 164 sq.
Miamis, Indian tribe of North America, their myth of the Corn-spirit, vii. 206 sq.
Miao-Kia, aborigines of China, their sacred trees and groves, ii. 31
370
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Micah, the prophet, on man's duty, i. 223, iv. 174 ; on sacrifice, iv. 171
Mice asked to give new teeth, i. 178, 179 ; and shorn hair, superstition as to, iii. 270 ; not to be called by their proper names, iii. 397, 399, 415 ; thought to understand human speech, iii. 399 ; eaten by the Jews as a religious rite, viii. 24 ; their ravages on the crops, viii. 33, 282 ; the genius of, viii. 243 ; superstitious precautions taken by farmers against, viii. 276 sqq., 281 ; superstition as to white, viii. 279, 283 ; white, under the altar of Apollo, viii. 283. See also Mouse
. and rats, teeth of, in magic, i. 178 sqq.
and twins, supposed connexion
between, i. 118
Michael, in the Isle of Man, x. 307
Michael Angelo, the Pieta of, v. 257
Michaelmas, 2gth September, festival of the dead among the Letts at, vi. 74 ; cakes baked at, x. 149. See also St. Michael
Michemis, a Tibetan tribe, a funeral cere- mony'among the, x. 5
Micksy, rivulet, holy oak on the, ii. 371 sq.
Microseris Forsteri, roots of, dug and eaten by Australian aborigines, vii. 127
Mid-Lent, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 n. 1 ; also called Dead Sunday, iv. 221; custom of "Carrying out Death" at, iv. 234, 236 sq. ; ceremony of " Sawing the Old Woman" at, iv. 240 sqq.
Midas and his ass's ears, iii. 258 n.1
and Gordias, names of Phrygian
kings, v. 286
, King of Gordium, iii. 316
, King of Phrygia, father of Lityer-
ses, vii. 217 ; the tomb of, v. 286
Middle Ages, belief as to consummation of marriage being prevented by knots and locks in the, iii. 299 ; the Yule log in the, x. 252 ; the need-fire in the, x. 270
Middleton, J. H. , on the temple of Apollo at Delphi, vii. 14 n.s ; on "crying the neck" in Cornwall, vii. 266
Midianites, the slaughter of the, iii. 177
Midsummer, precautions against witches at, ii. 127 ; new fire made at, ii. 242 ; reason for celebrating the death of the spirit of vegetation at, iv. 263 sq. \ gardens of Adonis at, v. 244 sqq. ; old heathen festival of, in Europe and the East, v. 249 sq. ; divination at, v. 252 sq. \ wells crowned with flowers at, xi. 28 ; processions of giants at, xi. 33 sqq. ; sacred to Balder, xi. 87
Midsummer bonfire called "fire of heaven," x. 334
bonfires in Sweden, ii. 65 ; in- tended to drive away dragons, x. 161. See Midsummer fires
Bride and Bridegroom in Sweden
and Norway, ii. 92, v. 251
" Brooms" in Sweden, xi. 54
Day (St. John's Day), cattle crowned
on, ii. 127 ; ancient Roman festival of, ii. 272, x. 178 ; ceremonies concerned with vegetation on, ix. 359 ; charm for fig-trees on, x. 18 ; water claims human victims on, x. 26 sqq. ; regarded as un- lucky, xi. 29. See also St. John's Day
Day or Eve, custom of bathing on,
v. 246 sqq. , xi. 29 sq. ; pagan origin of the custom, v. 249
Eve (St. John's Eve), May-poles
and bonfires in Sweden on, ii. 65 ; trees burned on, ii. 66, 141, v. 250 ; activity of witches and warlocks on, ii. 127, ix. 158, 160, x. 176 sq. , xi. 19, 73 sqq. ; bonfires in Cornwall on, ii. 141 ; figures of Kupalo carried over bonfires in Russia on, iv. 262, v. 250 sq. ', Snake Stones thought to be formed on, x. 15 ; trolls and evil spirits abroad on, x. 172 ; the season for gathering wonderful herbs and flowers, xi. 45 sqq. ; the magic flowers of, xi. 45 sqq. ; divination on, xi. 46 w.3, 50, 52 sgq.t 61, 64, 67 sqq. ; dreams of love on, xi. 52, 54 ; fern-seed blooms on, xi. 65, 287 ; the divining-rod cut on ,xi. 67 sqq.; treasures bloom in the earth on, xi. 288 n.5 ; the oak thought to bloom on, xi. 292, 293. See also St. John's Eve
festival, in Europe, ii. 272 sq. , x.
161 sqq. ; named after St. John, v. 244 ; the bonfires, processions with torches, and rolling wheels of the, x. 161 ; Kirch- meyer's account of the, x. 162 sq. ; of fire and water among the Moham- medan peoples of North Africa, x. 213 sqq. ; common to peoples on both sides of the Mediterranean, x. 219, xi. 31 ; the most important of the year among the primitive Aryans of Europe, xi. 40 ; its relation to Druidism, xi. 45
fires, x. 160 sqq. \ and couples in
relation to vegetation, v. 250 sq. \ leaping over the fires to make flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251 ; in Germany, x. 163 sqq. \ in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, x. 171 sq. ; in Austria, x. 173 sqq. ; cows driven through, to guard them against witchcraft, x. 175. *76» 185, 188 ; regarded as a protection against witchcraft, x. 176, 180 ; in Russia and Lithuania, x,
GENERAL INDEX
37i
176 sqq. ; among the Magyars, x. 178 sq. ; among the Esthonians, x. 179 sq. \ in Finland and among the Chere- miss, x. 1 80 sq. ; in France, x. 181 sqq. ', in Belgium, x. 194 sqq. \ in England, x. 196 sqq. ; in Wales, x. 156, 200 sq. ; in Ireland, x. 201 sqq. ; in Scotland, x. 206 sq. ; in Spain and the Azores, x. 208 sq. ; in Italy, x. 209 sq. \ in Malta, x. 210 sq. ; in Greece, the Greek islands, and Mace- donia, x. 2ii sq. \ in America, x. 212 sq. ; among the Mohammedans of North Africa, x. 213 sqq. ; animals burnt in the, xi. 38 sqq. See also Cattle and Leaping
Midsummer flowers and plants used as talismans against witchcraft, xi. 72
Men, orpine, xi. 61
morning, church bells rung on, to
drive away witches, ii. 127
mummers clad in green fir branches,
xi. 25 sq.
solstice, rain-making ceremony per- formed at the, viii. 179. See also Solstice
tree burned in Bohemia, ii. 66
Midwinter fires, x. 246 sqq.
Migrations of princes in ancient Greece a trace of female descent of the kingship, ii. 278 sq.
Mijatovich, Chedo, on the Zadrooga or Servian house-community, x. 259 w.1
Mikado, the, an incarnation of the sun goddess, i. 417, iii. 2 ; rules of life of, iii. 3 sqq. ; not allowed to set foot on ground, iii. 3, x. 2 sq. ; the sun not allowed to shine on him, iii. 3, x. 18 sq. ; supposed effect of using his dishes or clothes, iii. 131 ; custom as to cutting his hair and nails, iii. 265 ; his absolution and remission of sins, ix. 213 n.1
Mikados, their relations to the Tycoons, iii. 19 ; human sacrifices formerly offered at the graves of the, iv. 218
Miklucho-Maclay, Baron, on the igno- rance of the art of making fire on the Maclay coast of New Guinea, ii. 253 sq. ; on protective ceremony in New Guinea, iii. 109
Milan, alleged incarnation of the Holy Ghost at, i. 409 ; festival of the Three Kings of Twelfth Day at, ix. 331
Milcom, the god of Ammon, v. 19
Mildew worshipped by the Romans, viii. 282
Mildew Apollo, viii. 282
Milk, offered at graves, i. 287, v. 87 ; stolen by witches from cows on Wal- purgis Night or May Day (Beltane), ii. 52 sqq., ix. 267, x. 154; stolen by
witches from cows on Midsummer Eve, ii. 127, x. 176 sq. , 185, xi. 74; poured on grave of ancestor, ii. 223 ; offered to the fig-tree of Romulus, ii. 318 ; stolen by witches on Eve of St. George, "• 334 -W» not given away on St. George's Eve, ii. 339 ; customs ob- served when the king of Unyoro drinks, iii. 119; not drunk by those who have handled a corpse, iii. 141 ; not to be drunk by wounded men, iii. 174.^. ; consecrated by lying-in woman, iii. 225 n. ; wine called, iii. 249 n.2; serpents fed with, v. 84 sqq. , 87 ; omens from boiling, viii. 56, xi. 8 ; taboos re- ferring to, viii. 83 sq. ; temporary absti- nence from, viii. 161 ; offered to snakes, viii. 288 ; heifers beaten to make them yield, ix. 266 sq. \ girls at puberty for- bidden to drink, x. 22, 30, 38 ; poured on fire-place, x. 30 ; not to be drunk by menstruous women, x. 80, 84'; stolen by witches from cows, x. 343 ; libations of, poured on fire, xi. 8, 9 ; libations of, poured into a stream, xi. 9 ; poured on sick cattle, xi. 13
Milk and butter stolen from cows by witches at Midsummer, ii. 127, x. 185 ; thought to be improved by the Mid- summer fires, x. 1 80 ; witchcraft fatal to, xi. 86
and cattle, importance of, for the
early Italians, ii. 324
of cows, charm to increase the, i.
198 sq. ; chiefs held responsible for the, i. 354 ; thought to be promoted by green boughs on May Day, ii. 52
and meat (flesh), dietary rules as to,
iii. 292, viii. 83 sq.
of pig thought to cause leprosy, viii.
24, 25
.women's, promoted by milk-stones,
i. 165
Milk pails wreathed with garlands on May Day, ii. 52 ; wreathed with rowan on May Day, ii. 53 ; wreathed with flowers on St. George's Day, ii.
338, 339 -stones, magical, produce milk, i
165
-tie as a bond of kinship, xi. 138 n.1
tree not to be cut while the corn is
in the ground, ii. 49
-vessels riot to be touched by men- struous women, x. 80 Milking cows as a rain-charm, i. 284 ;
through a hole in a branch or a
"witch's nest," xi. 185 Milkmaids on May Day, dance of, ii. 52 Milkmen of the Todas sacred or divine,
i. 402 sq.\ taboos observed by, iii. 15
sqg.
372
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Milky juice of wild fig-tree in religious rite, ii. 313, ix. 258
Mill, women mourning for Tammuz eat nothing ground in a, v. 230 ; Tammuz ground in a, vii. 258
Mill-stones crowned at Vesta's festival in June, ii. 127 w.-J
Millaeus on judicial torture, xi. 158
Miller, Hugh, on absence of soul in sleep, iii. 40 sq.
Miller's wife a witch, story of the, x. 319^.
Millet, homoeopathic magic of, i. 145 ; cultivated in Africa, vii. 115, 117; cultivated in Assam, vii. 123 ; culti- vated in New Guinea, vii. 123 ; the deity of, worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 52 ; first-fruits of, offered to the dead, viii. in, 112
Millingtonia, the sacred tree of the Todas, viii. 314
Milne, Mrs. Leslie, on Shan custom as to cutting bamboos, vi. 136
Miltiades, funeral games celebrated in his honour in the Thracian Chersonese, iv. 93 sq.
Milton on chastity, ii. 118 n.1 ; on the laments for Tammuz, v. 226 ».; on the Harvest Queen, vii. 147
Mimicry the principle of religious or magical dramas, ix. 374
Miming, a satyr of the woods, in the Raider legend, x. 103
Minahassa, a district of Celebes, rain- making in, i. 277 ; inspired priests among the Alfoors of, i. 382 sq. ; ceremony at house-warming among the Alfoors of, iii. 63 sq. , xi. 153; reluctance to be photographed in, iii.
99 ; Alfoors of, forbidden to pronounce the names of parents-in-law, iii. 340 sq. ; special language at rice-harvest in, iii. 412 ; mock human sacrifices in, iv. 214 sq. ; quail associated with rice in, vii. 296 ; customs as to sowing and plucking the new rice in, viii. 54 ; dummies to deceive demons in, viii.
100 ; festival of " eating the new rice " in, viii. 123 ; hair of slain foe used to impart courage in, viii. 153; expulsion of demons in, ix. in sq.
Minangkabau, the Sultan of, revered by the Battas, i. 399
Minangkabauers of Sumatra, their use of magical images, i. 58 ; their homoeo- pathic magic at building a rice barn, i. 140 ; their treatment of the navel- string, i. 193 ; their treatment of women in childbirth, iii. 32 ; their conception of the soul as a bird or a fly, iii. 36 ; their belief as to absence of soul in sleep, iii. 41 ; their customs as to the Mother of Rice, vii. 191 sq. \
their respect for crocodiles, viii. 211 sq. \ their respect for tigers, viii. 215 sq. ; their belief as to menstruous women, x. 79 ; use of bull -roarers among the, xi. 229 n.
Mindanao, one of the Philippines, the Bogabos of, iii. 323, vii. 240
Minden, dances round an oak in the principality of, ii. 371
Miners, special language employed by, iii. 407, 409
Mingoli, spirits of the dead, among the Boloki, ix. 77
Mingrelia, holy image ducked as a rain- charm in, i. 308
Miniature fields dedicated to spirits in Nias, vii. 233 sq.
Minnetarccs, Indian tribe of North America, their personification of maize as an Old Woman, vii. 204 sq. ; cere- mony for securing good crop of maize among the, vii. 209 ».2 ; their belief in the resurrection of bisons, viii. 256
Minnigaff, parish in Galloway, "cutting the Hare " at harvest in, vii. 279
Minoan age of Greece, v. 34
Minorca, seven-legged images of Lent in, iv. 244 n.1
Minos, king of Cnossus, his reign of eight years, iv. 70 sqq. ; tribute of youths and maidens sent to, iv. 74 sqq.
, king of Crete, besieges Megara,
xi. 103
and Britomartis, iv. 73
Minotaur, the, legend of, iv. 71, 74 ; perhaps an image of the sun, iv. 75,
77
and the .labyrinth, iv. 71, 74, 77
and Pasiphae, iv. 71, vii. 31
Mint, flowers of, gathered on St. John's Day, xi. 51
Minucius Felix on the Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 n. * ; on the rites of Osiris, vi. 85 «.8j on theSahi, ix. 231 ».3
Minyas, king of Orchomenus, his treasury, iv. 164
Miotse, the, of China, drive away the devil by means of a kite, ix. 4
Mirabeau, hunting the wren at, viii. 321
Miracles, god-man expected to work, i. 376 ; not conceived by early man as breaches of natural law, i. 376 sq.
Miraculous births of gods and heroes, v. 107
Mirasans, the, of the Punjaub, their wor- ship of snakes, viii. 316 sq.
Miris of Assam, fear to offend woodland spirits, ii. 39 ; new fire made after a death among the, ii. 267 «.4 ; woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 123 ; eat tiger's flesh to make them brave, viii. 145
GENERAL INDEX
373
Mirror or burning-glass, fire made by means of, ii. 243, 245 n.
Mirrors, superstitions as to, iii. 92 sq. , 94 sqq. ; covered after a death, iii. 94 sq.
Mirzapur, the Chero of, i. 209 ; taboos and ceremonies connected with the rearing of silk-worms in, iii. 193 sq. ; the Majhwars of, iii. 234, ix. 36, 60 ; the Pankas of, iii. 402 ; remedy for locusts in, viii. 276 ; transference of disease in, ix. 6 ; sacrifices at cairns In, ix. 27 ; the Korwas and Pataris of, their use of scapegoats, ix. 192 ; the Bhuiyars of, x. 84
Miscarriage in childbed, dread of, iii. 149, 152 sqq. ; supposed danger of concealing a, iii. 211, 213
Misfortune swept out of house with brooms, ix. 5 ; burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 215 ; got rid of by leaping over Midsummer fires, x. 215
Misrule, the Lord of, ix. 251, 312; at Bodmin in Cornwall, ii. 319 n.1 ; in England, ix. 331 sqq.
Missel-thrush and mistletoe, xi. 316
Missiles hurled at dangerous ghosts or spirits, ix. 17 sqq.
Mississippi, lighted torch carried before chiefs among the Indians of the, ii. 263 sq.
Missouri, the, cottonwood trees in the valley of, ii. 12
' ' Mist - healing, " Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, x. 279
Mistletoe, worshipped by the Druids, ii. 358, 362, xi. 76 sq. , 301 ; wreath of, on pole to which a wren is fastened, viii. 321 ; the divining-rod made of, xi. 69, 291 ; cut on the sixth day of the moon, xi. 77 ; makes barren animals and women to bring forth, xi. 77» 78, 79 ; cut with a golden sickle, xi. 77, 80 ; thought to have fallen from the sky, xi. 77, 80 ; called the "all-healer," xi. 77, 79, 82; an anti- dote to all poison, xi. 77, 83 ; gathered on the first day of the moon, xi. 78 not to touch the earth, xi. 78, 80, 280 a cure for epilepsy, xi. 78, 83, 84 extinguishes fire, xi. 78, 84 sq. , 293 venerated by the Ainos of Japan, xi. 79 5 growing on willow specially effica- cious, xi. 79 ; confers invulnerability, xi. 79 sq. ; its position as a parasite on a tree the source of superstitions about it, xi. 80, 81, 84 ; not to be cut but shot or knocked down with stones, xi. 8 1 sq. ; in the folk-lore of modern European peasants, xi. 8 1 sqq. ; medical virtues ascribed to, xi. 82 sqq. ; cut when the sun is in Sagittarius, xi. 82, 86 ; growing on oak a panacea for
green wounds, xi. 83 ; mystic qualities ascribed to mistletoe at Midsummer (St. John's Day or Eve), xi. 83, 86 ; these virtues a pure superstition, xi. 84 ; cut at the full moon of March, xi. 84, 86; called "thunder-besom" in Aargau, xi. 85, 301 ; a master-key to open all locks, xi. 85 ; a protection against witchcraft, xi. 85 sq. ; given to first cow that calves after New Year, xi. 86 ; gathered especially at Mid- summer, xi. 86 sq. ; grows on oaks in Sweden, xi. 87 ; ancient Italian belief that mistletoe could be destroyed neither by fire nor water, xi. 94 ; life of oak in, xi. 280, 292 ; a protection against witchcraft and Trolls, xi. 282, 283, 294 ; a protection against fairy change- lings, xi. 283 ; hung over doors of stables and byres in Brittany, xi. 287 ; thought to disclose treasures in the earth, xi. 287, 291*?.; gathered at the solstices, Midsummer and Christmas, xi. 291 sqq. ; traditional privilege of, xi. 291 ».a ; growing on a hazel, xi. 291 n.3 ; growing on a thorn, xi. 291 n.3 ; perhaps conceived as a germ or seed of fire, xi. 292 ; sanctity of mistletoe perhaps explained by the belief that the plant has fallen on the tree in a flash of lightning, xi. 301 ; two species of, Viscum album and Loranthus europaeus, xi. 315 sqq. \ found most commonly on apple-trees, xi. 315, xi. 316 «.5 ; growing on oaks in England, xi. 316 ; seeds of, deposited by missel - thrush, xi. 316 ; ancient names of, xi. 317 sq. ; Virgil on, xi. 318 sqq. ; Dutch names for, xi. 319 n.1
Mistletoe and Balder, x. 101 sq. , xi. 76 sqq. , 302 ; his life or death in the mistletoe, xi. 279, 283
and the Golden Bough, xi. 315.5??.
Mistress, sanctuary of the, at Lycosura, in Arcadia, taboos observed #t the, iii. 227 n. , 314, viii. 46; cow-headed or sheep-headed statuettes of women found at the, viii. 21 «.4
of the Earth, worshipped in Timor,
ix. 85
•' of Turquoise," goddess at Sinai,
v- 35 Mitani, ancient people of Northern
Mesopotamia, v. 135 ». Mitchell, Sir Arthur, on a barbarous
cure for murrain in Scotland, x. 326 Mithr, Armenian fire god, x. 131 n.8 Mithra, Persian deity, popularity of his
worship in the Roman Empire, v. 301
sq. ; identified with the Unconquered
Sun, v. 304 ; his nativity on December
35th, v. 304
374
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Mithraic mysteries, initiation into the,
xi. 277 religion a rival to Christianity, v.
302 ; festival of Christmas borrowed
from the, v. 302 sqq.
sacrifice of bull, viii. 10
Mithridates, his siege of Cyzicus, viii.
95 «-2 Mitigations of human sacrifices, vii. 33,
ix. 396 sq. , 408 Mittelmark, district of Prussia, the last
sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 219 Mizimu, spirits of the dead, among the
Wadowe of East Africa, xi. 312 Miztecs of Mexico, their annual festival
of the dead, vi. 54 sq. Mlanje, in British Central Africa, xi.
314 n.1 Mnasara tribe of Morocco kindle fires at
Midsummer, x. 214 Mnevis, sacred Egyptian bull of Helio-
polis, iv. 72, vi. ii, viii. 34 sq.t ix.
217 Moa, island of, taboos observed by
women and children during war in, i.
131 ; treatment of the navel-string in,
i. 187 ; theory of earthquakes in, v.
198 ; annual expulsion of diseases in
a proa in, ix. 199 Moab, Arabs of, i. 153, 157, 276, in. 280,
vii. 138 ; their custom of shaving
prisoners, iii. 273 ; their custom at
harvest, vi. 48, 96 ; their remedies for
ailments, vi. 242. See also Arabs
• king of, and his god Kemosh, v. 15 ; sacrifices his son on the wall, iv. 166, 179
, the wilderness of, v. 52 sq. ; the
springs of Callirrhoe in, v. 214 sqq. Moabite stone, the inscription on the, v.
15 ».8, 20 «.2, 163 n.s Moabites, King David's treatment of the,
iii. 273 sq. ; burn the bones of the
kings of Edom, vi. 104 Mock battle at festival of new fruits
among the Creek Indians, viii. 75.
See Sham fight executions, iv. 148, 158
human sacrifices, iv. 214 sqq. ;
sacrifices of finger-joints, iv. 219
kings, iv. 148 sqq., ix. 403 sq.
marriage of human victims, ix.
257 sq.
sultan in Morocco, iv. 152 sq.
sun in charm to secure sunshine, i.
314
Mockery of Christ, ix. 412 sqq.
Mocobis, the, of Paraguay, their rever- ence for the Pleiades, vii. 309
Modal, invisible spirits, among the Ka- charis, ix. 93
Models in cardboard offered to the dead
instead of the things themselves, vi
63 sg.
Moesia, Durostorum in Lower, ix. 309 Moffat, Dr. R., on the power of rain- makers in South African tribes, i. 351 ;
on the observation of the Pleiades by
the Bechuanas, vii. 316 Mogador, in Morocco, devils nailed into
a wall at, ix. 63 Moggridge, Mr., on sin-eating in Wales,
ix. 44 *•* Mogk, Professor Eugen, on May-trees
and Whitsuntide-trees in Saxony, ii.
68 sq. ; as to the purificatory intention
of the European fire-festivals, x. 330 Mohammed forbade the artificial fertiliza- tion of the palm, ii. 25 n.1 ; on the
fig, ii. 316 ; bewitched by a Jew, iii.
302 sq. ; said to have stoned the devil,
ix. 24 Mohammed ben Isa or Aisa, of Mequi-
nex, founder of the order called Isowa
or Ai'sawa, vii. 21 Mohammedan belief as to falling stars,
iv. 63 sq.
calendar lunar, x. 216 sq., 218 sq.
custom of raising cairns near sacred
places, ix. 21 New Year festival in North Africa,
x. 217 sq.
peoples of North Africa, their
custom of bathing at Midsummer, v. 249 ; Midsummer fires among the, x. 213 sqq.
popular belief, traces of the bird- soul in, iii. 36 «.8
saints as givers of children, v. 78
n.2 ; reverence for, in North Africa, ix. 21, 22
students of Fez, their annual mock
sultan, iv. 152 sq. Mohammedanism, its success due to its
founder, vi. 160 sq. Mohammedans of India, no fire in their
houses after a death, ii. 268 n. ; the
Suni, of Bombay, cover mirrors after
a death, iii. 95 ; of Oude, their mode
of drinking moonshine, vi. 144 Moharram, first Mohammedan month,
x. 217
Moire, sister of Tylon, v. 186 Mole-cricket in homoeopathic magic, i.
156 hill, earth from a, thrown at fairies,
i. 329 Moles, hearts of, eaten by diviners to
acquire prophetic power, viii. 143 ' ' and Field-mice, " fire ceremony
on Eve of Twelfth Night in Normandy,
ix. 317
and field-mice driven away by
torches, x. 115, xi. 340
GENERAL INDEX
375
Molina, J. I. , on Araucanian belief as to toads, i. 292 n.3 ; on the annual ex- pulsion of evils in Peru, ix. 130 n.
Moloch, sacrifice of children to, iv. 75, 168 sqq., v. 178; meaning of the name, v. 15 ; the king, vi. 219 sqq.
and Melech, vi. 219 sq.
Molonga, a demon of Queensland per- sonified by a man, ix. 172
Molsheim in Baden, bonfires and burning discs on the first Sunday in Lent near, x. 117
Molucca Islanders, their festival of heaven, i. 399 sq.
Moluccas, clove-trees in blossom treated like pregnant women in the, li. 28 ; fear of offending forest-spirits in the, ii. 40 ; abduction of human souls in the, iii. 61 sq, ; ceremony on return from a journey in the, iii. 113
Mombasa, in British East Africa, king of, expected to give rain, i. 396; preceded on the march by fire, ii. 264 ; avoid- ance of the word smallpox at, iii. 400
Mommsen, August, on a Delphic cere- mony, i. 46 n.1 ; on the Sacred Mar- riage, ii. 137 n.1 1 on the Eleusinian games, vii. 77 «.4; on the Anthesteria, ix. 153 n.1 ; on the Cronia at Athens, ix. 352 n.1
Mommsen, Theodor, on dictatorship of Tusculum, i. 23 n.3 ; on the costume of a Roman king, ii. 174 n.1 ; on the triumphal golden crown, ii. 175 «.*; on the election of the Roman kings, ii. 296 ; on the date of the festival of Osiris at Rome, vi. 95 n.1 ; on the Roman custom of knocking in a nail annually, ix. 67 n.'2
Mon, island of, belief of Esthonian reapers in, as to cutting the first corn, vii. 285
Monarchy in ancient Greece and Rome, tradition of its abolition, i. 46 ; rise of, i. 216 sqq. ; essential to emergence of mankind from savagery, i. 217 ; hereditary and elective, combination of the two, ii. 292 sqq.
Monbuttu (Monbutto) or Mangbettou of Central Africa, their custom of length- ening the heads of chiefs' children, ii. 297 ; their king takes his meals in private, iii. 118 sq. ; women the agri- cultural labourers among the, vii. 119 Mondard, the great, a sti aw-man placed on oldest apple-tree while apples are ripening, viii. 6
Mondays, witches dreaded on, xi. 73 Money, the oldest Italian, i. 23 ; magical
stones to bring, i. 164 Mongol transference of evil, ix. 7 sq. Mongolia, rain-making in, i. 305 ; incar- nate human gods in, i. 413
Mongolian peoples, their custom of stuff- ing skins of sacrificed animals or stretching them on a framework, viii. 257 sq.
— . — story, milk-tie in a, x. 138 n.1 \ the external soul in a, xi. 143 sq.
Mongols feared by the Chinese govern- ment, i. 413 ; their recall of the soul, iii. 44 ; their recovery of souls from demons, iii. 63 ; reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; sacred books of the, only to be read in spring or summer, iii. 384 ; funeral customs of the, v. 293
Monkey sacrificed for riddance of evils, ix. 208 sq.
Monkeys (apes) not to be called by their proper name, iii. 402, 403, 408, 413 ; sacred at Fishtown, viii. 287
Monmouthshire, All Souls' Day in, vi
79
Monomotapa, in East Africa, the king of, his sacred fire, ii. 264 ; forbidden to wear foreign stuffs, iii. 115 ; his way of prolonging his life, vi. 222 sq.
Monster supposed to swallow and dis- gorge novices at initiation, xi. 240 sq.t 242
Mont des Fourches, in the Vosges, witch- hare at, x. 318
Montagne du Doubs, in Franche-Comte*, bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316
Montaigne on ceremonial extinction ,of fires, x. 135 n.2
Montalto, in Calabria, custom of " Saw- ing the Old Woman" at, iv. 241
Montanists, their view that the Creation took place at the spring equinox, v. 307 «.8
Montanus, on the Yule log, x. 248
Montanus the Phrygian, claimed to be the incarnate Trinity, i. 407
Monteiro, Major, his expedition in South Africa, i. 393 «.2
Montenegro, the Yule log in, x. 263
Montezuma, King of Mexico, worshipped as a god, i. 416 ; not to be looked on by his subjects, iii. 121 ; not allowed to set foot on ground, x. 2
Month during which men disguised as devils go about, ix. 132 ; of general licence before expulsion of demons, ix. 148 ; intercalary, ix. 342 sqq.
and moon, names for, in Aryan
languages, ix. 325
Months, the Egyptian, table of, vi. 37 n. ; ancient Greek, lunar and there- fore shifting in the solar year, viu 52 sq. , 82 ; lunar, observed by savages, vii. 117, 125
Montols of 'Northern Nigeria, their belief
376
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
in their sympathetic relation to snakes, xi. 209 sq.
Monumbos, the, of German New Guinea, uncleanness of man-slayers among the, iii. 169 ; pregnant women do not use sharp instruments among, iii. 238 ; their masked dances, ix. 382
Monyo, village of Burma, tamarind-tree worshipped at, ii. 46
Moon, Esquimau custom at the new, i. 121 sq. ; wives sing to the, in the absence of their husbands, i. 125 ; ceremony at an eclipse of the, i. 311 ; charm to hasten the, i. 319 ; Diana conceived as the, ii. 128 ; women pray to the moon for an easy delivery, ii. 128 «.2; woman chosen to represent the, ii. 146 ; ceremonies at new, iii. 15 ; represented by a cow, iv. 71 sq. ; myth of the setting and rising, iv. 73 ; married to Endy- mion, iv. 90 ; human victims sacrificed to the, v. 73, vii. 261 ; albinoes thought to be the offspring of the, v. 91 ; Osiris and the, vi. 129 sqq. ; popularly regarded as the cause of growth and decay, vi. 132, 138 ; practical rules based on a theory of the influence of the, vi. 132 sqq. , 140 sqq. ; popularly regarded as the source of dew and moisture, vi. 137 sq. ; worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropi- cal America, vi. 138 sq. ; viewed as the husband of the sun, vi. 139 n. \ Athenian superstition as to an eclipse of the, vi. 141 ; children presented to the, vi. 144 sqq. ; thought to have a harmful influence on children, vi. 148 ; the Greek calendar regulated by the, vii. 80 ; Basutos attempt to reckon by the, vii. 117; pigs sacrificed to the, viii. 25 ; bodily ailments transferred to the, ix. 53 sq. ; the "dark" and the "light," ix. 140, 141 n.1 • temple of the, ix. 218 ; hearts of human victims offered to the, ix. 282 ; the goddess of the, personated by an actor or dancer, ix. 381 ; impregnation of women by the, x. 75 sq. ; the sixth day of the, mistletoe cut on, x. 77 ; the first day of the, mistletoe gathered on, x. 78 ; the full, transformation of were- wolves at, x. 314 n.1 \ reflected in Diana's Mirror, xi. 303
— — and Endymion, i. 18
- , the goddess of the, ix. 341,
38i
, the infant god, vi. 131, 153 — and month, names for, in Aryan
languages, ix. 325 — , the new, ceremonies at, vi. 141
sqq. ; dances at, vi. 142 ; custom of
showing money to, or turning it in the pocket, vi. 148 sq.
Moon and Sun, their marriage celebrated by the Blackfoot Indians, ii. 146 sq. \ mythical and dramatic marriage of the, iv. 71, 73 sq.t 78, 87 sq. , 90, 92, 105
, the waning, theories to explain,
vi. 130; thought to be broken or eaten up, vi. 130 ; rule that things should be cut or gathered at, vi. 133 ; rule that timber should be felled at, vi. I33» J35 S(I- 1 cure f°r toothache at, ix. 60
Moon Being of the Omahas, vi. 256
god conceived as masculine, v. 73 ;
inspiration by the, v. 73 ; in ancient Babylonia, vi. 138 sq.
Mooney, James, on the belief of the North American Indians that their names are parts of themselves, iii. 318 sq. ; on want of discrimination between animals and men in Cherokee mytho- logy, viii. 204 sq. ; on Cherokee ideas as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 29
Moonshine drunk as a medicine in India, vi. 144 ; thought to be beneficial to children, vi. 144
Moooi, Tongan god who causes earth- quakes, v. 201
Mooraba Gosseyn, a Brahman, incarna- tion of the elephant-headed god Gun- putty, i. 405
Moore, G. F., on the burnt sacrifice of children, vi. 219 n.1
Moore, Manx Surnames, quoted by Sir John Rhys, x. 306
Moors obliterate marks in sand from superstitious motives, {.214
of Algiers, no fire in their houses
after a death, ii. 268 n.
of Morocco, use boars to divert evil
spirits, ix. 31 ; their superstition as to the " sultan of the oleander," x. 18
Moorunde tribe of Australia, the dead not named in the, iii. 358
Moosheim, in Wurtemberg, leaf -clad mummer at Midsummer festival at, xi. 26
Mopane country, South Africa, souls of dead chiefs supposed to transmigrate into lions in the, viii. 287
Moquis of Arizona, their use of stone implements in religious ritual, iii. 228; their theory of transmigration into their totemic animals, viii. 178 ; their totem clans, viii. 178
Moral evolution, iii. 218 sq.
guilt regarded as a corporeal pollu- tion, iii. 217 sq.
Morality developed out of taboo, iii. 213 sq, ; shifted from a natural to a super-
GENERAL INDEX
377
natural basis, iii. 213 sq. ; survival of savage taboos in civilized, iii. 218 sq.
Morasas, the, of South India, sacrifice of finger-joints among the, iv. 219
Moravia, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night among the Germans of, li. 55, ix. 162 ; custom observed by the Germans of, on Laetare Sunday, ii. 63; "Meeting the Spring" in, ii. 333 ; " Carrying out Death " in, iv. 238 sq. , 249 ; drama of Summer and Winter in, iv. 257 sq. ; the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 73 ; harvest custom in, vii. 162; the Wheat -Bride in, vii. 162 ; the Shrovetide bear in, vin. 326 n.1 ; "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 268, 269 ; fires to burn the witches in, x. 1 60 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 175 ; the divining-rod in, xi. 67
Moravian belief that serpents get their poison annually on St. George's Day, ii. 344 «.4
Moravians cull simples at Midsummer,
»• 49. 54
of Silesia, their custom of ' ' Carry- ing out Death," iv. 237
Moray Firth, disappearance of herring in the, viii. 251
Morayshire, remedy for a murrain in, x. 326 ; medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84
Morbihan in Brittany, mistletoe hung over the doors of stables and byres at, xi. 287
\forbus regius, jaundice, i. 371 n.4
Mordecai, his name equivalent to Marduk or Merodach, ix. 365 ; his triumphal ride in Susa, ix. 403
and Esther equivalent to Marduk
and Ishtar, ix. 405 ; the duplicates of Haman and Vashti, ix. 405 sq.
and Haman, ix. 364 sqq. ; as tem- porary kings, ix. 400 sq.
Moresby, Captain John, his reception in Shepherd's Isle, iii. 104 sq.
Moresin, Thomas, on St. Peter's fires in Scotland, x. 207
Moret, Alexandre, on the divinity of Egyptian kings, i. 418 sq. ; on assimi- lation of Egyptian kings to gods, ii. " 134 n.1 ; on Amenophis IV., vi. 123 n.1 ; on the Sed festival, vi. 155 sq.
Morgan, L. H. , as to Otawa totems, viii. 225 n.1
Morgan, Professor M. H., on an ancient Greek mode of making fire, ii. 207 n. l
Mori, a district of Central Celebes, belief of the natives as to a spirit in the moon, vi. 139 n.
Mori clan of the Bhils in Central India, their totem the peacock, viii. 29
Moriah, Mount, traditionally identified with Mount Zion. vi. 210 n.1 VOL. XII
Morice, Father A. G., on the seclusion of menstruous women among the Tinneh Indians, iii. 146 sq. ; on cus- toms and beliefs of the Carrier Indians as to menstruous women, x. 91 sqq. ; on the honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273 sqq.
Morlaks, the Yule log among the, x. 264
Morlanwelz, in Belgium, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107
Morning, certain animals not to be named in the, iii. 402
Morning Star, the, appearance of, perhaps the signal for the festival of Adonis, v. 258 sq. ', human sacrifice at sowing enjoined by the, vii. 238 ; named in Nias, vii. 315 ; personated by a man in a dance or dramatic ceremony, ix. 238, 381 ; the god of the, ix. 381 ; girl at puberty bathes at the .rising* of the, x. 40 ; the rising of the, the signal for kindling new fire at the winter solstice, x. 133
Morocco, magic use of a fowl or pigeon in, i. 151 ; artificial fertilization of fig- trees in, ii. 314 ; iron used as a pro- tection against demons in, iii. 233 ; disposal of cut hair in, iii. 275 ; nail- parings preserved for the resurrection in, iii. 280 ; annual temporary king in, iv. 152 sq. ; custom of prostitution in an Arab tribe in, v. 39 n.8 ; live goats torn to pieces and devoured by a religious sect in, vii. 21 ; the Barley Bride in, vii. 178 sq. ; homoeopathic magic of flesh diet in, viii. 147 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; cairns near Azemmour in, ix. 21 ; boars used to divert evil spirits in, ix. 31 ; devils nailed into a wall in, ix. 63 ; the tug-of-war in, ix. 178 sq. , 182 ; games of ball played in, to procure rain or sunshine, ix. 179 sq. ; custom of beat- ing people for their good in, ix. 265, 266 ; magical virtue ascribed to rain- water in, x. 17 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 213 sqq. ; water thought to acquire marvellous virtue at Mid- summer in, xi. 30 sq. ; magical plants gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 51
Morris-dancers, ix. 250 sq.
Morrison, Rev. C. W., on belief of Australian aborigines as to childbirth, v. 103 «.8
Mortality, savage explanations of human, ix. 302 sqq.
of the gods, iv. i sqq.
Mortlock Islanders, their belief in spirits, ix. 82
Moru tribe of Central Africa, viii. 314. See Madi
Morven, x. 290 ; consumptive people 2 B
378
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
passed through rifted rocks in, xi. 1 86 sq.
Mosaic law forbids interchange of dress between men and women, ix. 363
laws, their similarity to savage
customs, iii. 219 n.1
Mosbach, in Bavaria, the last sheaf
called Goat at, vii. 283 Moschus on Europa and the bull, iv.
73«-1 Moscow, annual new fire in villages near,
x. 139 Moselle, the Treveri on the, ii. 126 «.2 ;
the Fox in the corn in the department
of the, vii. 296 ; bonfires on the, x.
109 ; Konz on the, x. 118, 163 sq. Moses, the tomb of, ix. 21 ; on the uri-
cleanness of women at menstruation,
x. 95 sq. Moslem custom of raising cairns, ix.
21 Mosquito Indians of Central America
preserve bones of deer and shells of
eggs, viii. 258 «.a makers, magicians in Tana, i. 341
territory, Central America, seclu- sion of menstruous women in the, x. 86
Moss, W. , iv. 284 «.4
Mossos of China, their annual expulsion of demons, ix. 139
Mostar, in Herzegovina, custom observed by bride at, ii. 230 sq.
Mostene in Lydia, double-headed axe at, v. 183 n.
Mosul, the ' ' Mother of the Grape- cluster " at, iv. 8 ; cure for headache at, ix. 64
Mosyni or Mosynoeci, in Pontus, kept their king in close custody, iii. 124
Mota, in the New Hebrides, belief as to conception in women in, v. 97 sq. ; conception of the external soul in, xi. 197 sq.
••Mother" and "Father" as epithets applied to Roman goddesses and gods, vi. 233 sqq.
" Mother of the Clan " in the Pelew Islands, vi. 205, 206
Mother, dead, worshipped, vi. 175, 185
of a god, v. 51, 52
— - of the gods, Attis associated with the, i. 21, v. 266 ; the Phrygian, her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265 ; first-fruits offered in Thera to the, v. 280 n. l ; popularity of her worship in the Roman Empire, v. 298 sq. ; Mexican goddess, ix. 289 ; woman annually sacrificed in the character of the, ix. 289 sq.
or Grandmother of Ghosts at
Rome, viii. 94, 96, 107
Mother of the Grape- cluster, iv. 8 , the Great, Cybele, at Rome, v.
280 ; name given to the last sheaf,
vii. 135 sq. " of Kings," in Central African
kingdom, ii. 277 of the Mai/e, among the Indians of
Peru, vii. 172 sqq.
of the Rain, at a rain-making cere- mony among the Arabs of Moab, i.
276 ol the Rice, in Sumatra and Celebes,
vii. 191 sqq. Mother-corn, name given to last sheaf
threshed, vii. 147 -cotton in the Punjaub, vii. 178
Earth prayed to for rain, i. 283 ;
festival in her honour in Bengal, v. 90 ; fertilized by Father Sky, myth of, v. 282 ; sickness caused by, viii. 105
Goddess of Western Asia, sacred
prostitution in the worship of the, v. 36 ; lions as her emblems, v. 137, 164 ; her eunuch priests, v. 206 ; of Phrygia conceived as a Virgin Mother, v. 281
kin, the system of tracing relation- ship through women, ii. 271, iii. 333 ; in succession to Roman kingship, ii. 271 ; among the Aryans, ii. 283^^. ; superior- ity of maternal uncle to father under mother-kin, ii. 285 ; succession in royal houses with, v. 44 ; trace of, at Rome and Nemi, v. 45 ; among the Khasis of Assam, v. 46, vi. 202 sqq. ; among the Hittites, traces of, vi. 141 sq. \ and Mother Goddesses, vi. 201 sqq., 212 sqq. ; and father-kin, vi. 202, 261 «.8 ; favours the superiority of goddesses over gods in religion, vi. 202 sqq., 211 sq. ; among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204 sqq. ; does not imply that govern- ment is in the hands of women, vi. 208 sqq. \ among the Melanesians, vi. 211 ; in Africa, vi. 211 ; in Lycia, vi. 212 sq. ; in ancient Egypt, vi. 213 sqq. ; traces of, in Lydia and Cos, vi. 259 ; favours the development of goddesses, vi. 259 ; in royal families, ix. 368 n.1 See also Female kinship
-in-law, the savage's dread of his,
iii. 83 sqq. ; her name not to be men- tioned by her son-in-law, iii. 338, 339, 340. 34L 342, 343. 344. 345. 346
Plastene on Mount Sipylus, v. 185
-seed, among the Malays, vii. 198
-sheaf, in Brittany, vii. 135, 209
"Mother's Air," a tune on the flute, v.
288 Mother's brother preferred to father, mark
of mother-kin, ii. 285 Mothers, African kings forbidden to see
GENERAL INDEX
379
their, iii. 86 ; named after their children,
»»• 332, 333. 339
Motherwort, garlands of, at Midsummer, x. 162
Motlav, recall of lost souls in, iii. 56 ; belief as to conception in women in, v. 98
Motu of New Guinea, their way of detaining the sun, i. 317 ; taboos ob- served for the sake of the crops among the, ii. 1 06 ; tabooed persons not allowed to handle food among the, iii. 141 ; chastity of hunters and fishers among the, iii. 192 ; hunters and fishers regarded as holy among the, iii. 196 ; continence observed by them before and during a trading voyage, iii. 203 sq. \ unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329
Motumotu or Toaripi of New Guinea, magical telepathy among the, i. 125 ; their way of detaining the sun, i. 317 ; think that storms are sent by a sorcerer, i. 326 sq. ; sorcerers as chiefs among the, i. 337 ; their belief as to reflections in a mirror, iii. 92 ; taboos observed by manslayers among the, iii. 167 ; continence before fishing or hunting among the, iii. 196 ; un- willing to tell their names, iii. 329 ; homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet among the, viii. 145. See also Toaripi
Moulin, parish of, in Perthshire, Hallow- e'en fires in, x. 230
Moulins- En gilbert, spring of St. Gervais near, i. 307
Moulton, Professor J. H., iv. 124 «.1 ; on the etymology of Quirinus, ii. 182 ».a ; on the relation of the Italian and Celtic languages, ii. 189 «.3 ; on the etymology of Flamen, ii. 247 n.6 ; on proposed etymologies of Demeter, vii. 41 «., 131 «.4; on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 «.8; on the proposed identifi- cation of Haman and Hammedatha with two Persian archangels, ix. 373 ».*; on the etymology of Soranus, xi.
IS"-1 Mounds of Semiramis, ix. 370, 371, *
373
, sepulchral, iv. 93, 96, 100, 104
Mountain of Parting, in Mexico, ix. 279 Mountain arnica gathered at Midsummer, xi« 57 S3* * a protection against thunder, lightning, hail, and con- flagration, xi. 58
-ash, a protection against witches,
ii. 53 ; pastoral crook cut from a, ii. 331 ; parasitic, used to make the divining rod, xi. 69 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315. See also Rowan — scaur, external soul in, xi. 156
Mountains, first berries of the season offered to the, viii. 133 sq.
Mourne Mountains, x. 159
Mourners, customs observed by, iii. 31 sq., 159 «., 315; plug their nostrils, in. 32; tabooed, iii. 138^., x. 20; refrain from scratching their heads with their fingers, iii. 159 ». ; heads of, smeared with mud or clay, iii. 182 ».2 ; taboos observed by, in India, iii. 235 SQ- • na'r anc* nails of, cut at end of mourning, iii. 285 sq. ; touch coral rings as a form of purification, iii. 315 ; shave their heads in order to escape recognition by the ghost, iii. 357 sq. ; rub themselves with the juices of the dead, viii. 163 ; drink the juices of the dead, viii. 163 ».3 ; the purifica- tion of, intended to protect them against the spirits of the dead, ix. 105 w.1 ; whip themselves at a funeral to keep off evil spirits, ix. 260 sq. ; wear special caps, x. 20 ; pass over fire as a purification after a funeral, xi. 17, 1 8 ; customs observed by, among the Bella Coola Indians, xi.
174
Mournful character of the rites of sowing vi. 40 sqq.
Mourning of slayers for the slain, iii. 181 ; for a dead whale, iii. 223 ; for Tammuz, v. 9 sqq. , 230 ; for Adonis, v. 224 sq. , 226 sq. ; of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45, 117 ; for Attis, v. 272 ; for Osiris, vi. 12 ; for the corn-god at Midsummer, vi. 34 ; for the Old Woman of the Corn, vi. 47 ; -at cutting wood of sacred tree, vi. 47 sq. ; of Demeter for the descent of Perse- phone at the time of the autumn sow- ing, vii. 46 ; pretended, for insects that destroy the crops, viii. 279 sq. ; the great, for Isfendiyar, x. 105. See also Lamentations and Laments
Mourning costume of men in Lycia, vi. 264 ; perhaps a mode of deceiving the ghost, vi. 264
Mouse, soul in form of, iii. 37, 39 »A See also Mice
Mouse Apollo, viii. 282 sq.
Mouse -ear hawkweed (Hieracium pilo- sella) gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57
Mouse's head hung round child's neck at teething, i. 180
Mouth closed to prevent escape of soul, iii. 31, 33, 71; soul in the, iii. 33; spirits supposed to enter the body through the, iii. 116; covered to pre- vent entrance of demons, etc., iii. 122; of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of opening the, vi. 15 ; of dead fox tied up, viii. 267
38o
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Movement of thought from magic through religion to science, xi. 304 sq.
Movers, F. C, on the Sacaea, ix. 368, 387. 388, 39L 40i
Mowat, in British New Guinea, magical powers of chief at, i. 338 ; continence observed during the turtle season at, iii. 192 ; boys beaten at, to make them strong, ix. 265
Moxos Indians of Bolivia, magical tele- pathy among the, i. 123
Moylar, male children of sacred prosti- tutes in Southern India, v. 63
Mozcas. See Chibchas
Mpongwe of the Gaboon, woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 119
Mpongwe kings of the Gaboon, buried secretly, vi. 104
Mrus, the, of Aracan, their custom of placing grass on a pile, ix. 12 n.1
Muata Jamwo, a potentate of Angola, lights a new fire on his accession, ii. 262 ; not to be seen eating or drink- ing, iii. 118; precaution as to his spittle, iii. 290
Mucelis of Angola, all fires among them extinguished on king's death, ii. 262
Mud, rain-makers smear themselves with, i. 350 ; smeared on feet of bed of Flamen Dialis, iii. 14 ; plastered on heads of man-slayers, iii. 182 ; on heads of women in mourning, iii. 182 «.a
Muganda (singular of Baganda, plural), viii. 231
Mugcma, the earl of Busiro, vi. 168
Muglitz, in Moravia, the Wheat Bride at reaping at, vii. 162
Mugumu or Mngomo, a species of fig- tree revered by the Akikuyu, ii. 42
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris), in magic, if 209 ; wreaths of, at Midsummer, x. 163, 165, 174 ; a preventive of sore eyes, x. 174 ; a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177; gathered on Mid- summer Day or Eve, xi. 58 sqq. ; a protection against thunder, ghosts, magic, and witchcraft, xi. 59 sq. ; thrown into the Midsummer fires, xi. 59 ; used in exorcism, xi. 60
Mtihlbach, in Transylvania, trial of witch at, iii. 39
Mukasa, god of the Victoria Nyanza Lake, worshipped by the Baganda, ii. 150 I provided with human wives, ii. 150 ; probably a dead man, vi. 196 sq. \ gives oracles through a woman, vi. 257 ; fish offered to, viii. 253
Mukuru, an ancestor (plural Ovakuru, ancestors), among the Herero, vi. 185 sq.
Mukylcin, the Earth -wife, among the Wotyaks, ii. 146
Mulai Rasheed II., Sultan of Morocco, iv. 153
Mule, asthma transferred to a, ix. 50
Mules excluded from sanctuary of Alec- trona, viii. 45
Mulgarradocks, medicine-men in South- western Australia, i. 336
Mull, the island of, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 155, 166 ; the need-fire in, x. 148, 289 sq. ; the Beltane cake in, x. 149 ; remedy for cattle-disease in, x. 325 ; consumptive people passed through rifted rocks in, xi. 186 sq.
Mullein, sprigs of, passed across Mid- summer fires protect cattle against sickness and sorcery, x. 190 ; bunches of, passed across Midsummer fires and fastened on cattle-shed, x. 191 ; yellow ( Verbascum), gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63 sq. ', yellow hoary ( Verbascum pulverulentum], its golden pyramid of blooms, xi. 64 ; great ( Verbascum. thapsus), called King's Candle or High Taper, xi. 64
Miiller, K. O. ,on a custom of the Spartan kingship, iv. 59; on the eight years' cycle in ancient Greece, iv. 69 n.1} on octennial celebration of Olympic fes- tival, iv. 90 ; on mitigation of human sacrifice, iv. 165 w.1, 166 n.1 ; on San- dan, ix. 389 sq.
Miiller, F. Max, and the Rosy Dawn, i.
333 W- Mailer, Professor W. Max, on Hittite
name for god, v. 148 n. Mulongo, "twin," term applied by the
Baganda to the navel-string, i. 195,
196 Mulungu, spirits of the dead, among the
Yaos, viii. in sq. Mumbo Jumbos, 'iv. 178 Mummers dressed in leaves, branches,
and flowers, ii. 74 sqq. , 78 sqq. : the
Whitsuntide, iv. 205 sqq. ; at Hallow- e'en in the Isle of Man, x. 224. See
also Maskers Mundaris, of Assam, their sacred groves,
ii. 39, 46, 47 ; their annual saturnalia
at harvest, ix. 137 Mundas of Bengal, marriage to trees
among the, ii. 57 ; gardens of Adonis
among the, v. 240 Mungarai, Australian tribe, their belief
in the reincarnation of the dead, v.
101 Muni, or Rishi Agastya, figure of, in
ceremony to stop rain, i. 296 Munich, annual expulsion of the devil at.
ix. 214 sq. Munro, Dr. R. , on crannogs, ii. 352
GENERAL INDEX
38i
Munster, rain-producing fountain in, i. 301 ; dearth in, attributed to king's incest, ii. 116; taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. n ; tax on fires paid to the king of, x. 139 ; Mid- summer fires in, x. 203
Miinsterberg, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 n.
Munsterland, Easter fires in, x. 141 ; the Yule log in, x. 247
Munychian Artemis, iv. 166 n.1 See Artemis
Munzerabad, district of South India, expulsion of the demon of cholera or smallpox in, ix. 172
Mtinzesheim, in Baden, the Corn-goat at harvest at, vii. 283
Muota Valley in Switzerland, custom ob- served on Twelfth Night in the, ix. 166
Mura-muras, the remote predecessors of the Dieri, appealed to for rain,i. 255 sq.
Muralug, dread of women at menstrua- tion in, x. 78
Murder, heaps of sticks or stones on scenes of, ix. 15
of children to secure their rebirth
in barren women, v. 95
Murderer, fire of oak-wood used to detect a, xi. 92 «.4
Murderers, taboos imposed on, iii. 187 sq. ; their bodies destroyed, iv. n
Murli, female devotee, in Mahratta, v. 62
Murom, district of Russia, the " Funeral of Kostroma" in, iv. 262
Murrain, brazen oxen, a talisman against, viii. 281 ; need-fire kindled as a remedy for, x. 278, 282, 290 sqq. ; burnt sacrifices to stay a, in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 sqq. ; calf burnt alive to stop a, x. 300 sq. ; cattle buried to stop a, x. 326. See also Cattle disease
Murrams, the, of Manipur, foods tabooed to chief of, iii. 292
Murray, Sir James, on kern or kirn, vii. 151 «.8
Murray, Miss Margaret A., on human sacrifices to Osiris, vii. 260 sq.
Murray, the country of, Beltane fires in, x. 154 n.1
Murray Island, in Torres Straits, cere- mony to raise the wind in, i. 322
Islands, in Torres Straits, the fire- drill in the, ii. 209
River, in Australia, tribes of the
Lower, avoid mentioning the names of the dead, iii. 351 ; namesakes of the dead change their names among the tribes of the Lower, iii. 355 ; wild yams on the, vii. 127 ; natives of the, their dread of menstruous women, x.
77 ; novices slain and resuscitated by
Thrumalun on the, xi. 233 Murring tribe of New South Wales, their
custom as to extracted teeth, i. 176 Muses at the marriage of Cadmus and
Harmon ia, iv. 89 Music as a means of prophetic inspiration,
v. S2sg.t 54 sq., 74; and religion, v.
53 sq. \ in exorcism, v. 54 sq. Muskau, in Lausitz, marriage oaks at,
xi. 165 Muskoghees eat the hearts of foes to
make themselves brave, viii. 150 Musquakie Indians, infant burial among
the, v. 91 n.9 Mutch, Captain J. S., on the dramatic
contest between Summer and Winter
among the Esquimaux, iv. 259 n. l Mutilation of the images of Hermes at
Athens, iii. 75 ; of dead bodies of kings,
chiefs, and magicians, vi. 103 sqq. ; of
dead magicians to prevent their souls
from becoming dangerous ghosts, vi.
1 88 ; of dead men intended to disable
their ghosts, viii. 271 sqq. ; of ox,
magical equivalent to mutilation of
enemy, viii. 271 Muysca Indians of Colombia not allowed
to look at their chiefs, iii. 121 Muyscas, the, of New Granada, their
way of procuring rain, i. 303 sq. See
Chibchas Muzaffarpur, district in India, rain-charm
by means of frogs in, i. 293 sq. Muzimbas or Zimbas, of South-East
Africa, worship their king as a god,
i. 392 Muzimos, spirits of the dead, among the
Maraves, viii. in Muzimu, the human spirit or soul, among
the Winamwanga, viii. 112 n.3 Muzzaffarnagar, in the Punjaub, cere- mony for stopping rain at, i. 296 Mwamba, chief of the Wemba, swallowed
the ashes of his victims to avert their
furies, viii. 158 Mwanga, king of the Baganda, converted
to Christianity, ii. 150 Mycenae, golden lamb of, i. 365 ; royal
graves at, v. 33, 34 ; shield of Euphor-
bus at, viii. 300
Mycenaean age of Greece, v. 34 Myconus, sacrifices to Subterranean Zeus
and Subterranean Earth at, vii. 66 Mylasa in Caria, v. 182 «.4 Mylitta, Babylonian goddess, ix. 372 «.*,
390 ; sacred prostitution in her worship,
v. 36, 37 n.1 Myndus, in Asia Minor, rain -making
pebbles at, i. 305 Myres, Professor J. L. , on the season of
threshing in Greece, vii. 62 ».*
382
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Myrrh or Myrrha, the mother of Adonis, v. 43, 227 sq.
Myrrh-tree, Adonis born of a, v. 227, vi. no
Myrtle- tree with pierced leaves at Troezen, i. 25
-trees of the Patricians and Ple- beians at Rome, xi. 168
Myrtles of Latium, ii. 188
Mysore in Southern India, rain-making in, i. 285 ; mimic rite of circumcision in, iv. 220 ; sacred women in, v. 62 n. \ the Komatis of, v. 81 sq. ; Mun- zerabad in, ix. 172
Mysteries as magical ceremonies, ix.
374
of Attis, v. 274 sq.
of Dionysus, vii. 15
, Eleusinian, ii. 138 sg.t vii. 35, 37
sgq., 65 sqq. , 69 sq. , 78 sq. , in, 161 sq. , 188 ; founded by Demeter, vii. 37 ; the myth of Demeter and Persephone acted at the, vii. 39, 66 ; the Great, their date, vii. 51 sqq. ; instituted by Eumolpus, vii. 70 ; as- sociated with belief in immortality, vii. 90 sq. ; designed to promote the growth of the corn, vii. no sq. See also Eleusinian Mysteries
, Greek, bull-roarers swung at, vii.
no
at Mantinea, vii. 46 ».2
of Sabazius, v. 90 «.*
Myth of Adonis, v. i sqq. ; and ritual of
Attis, v. 263 sqq. ; myth of Demeter
and Persephone, vii. 35 sqq. ; myth
less constant than custom, vih. 40
Mythical beings represented by men and
women, ix. 385 sq.
Mythologists, two rival schools of, their views not necessarily exclusive of each other, ix. 385 sq. Mythology, Roman, vi. 235 Myths explanatory of festivals, ii. 142 sq. ; supposed to originate in verbal misapprehensions or a disease of language, vi. 42 ; in relation to magic, ix. 374 ; performed dramatically in dances, ix. 375 sqq. ; dramatized in ritual, x. 105
of creation, iv. 106 sqq.
of gods and spirits to be told only
in spring and summer, iii. 384 ; not to be told by day, iii. 384 sq. ; to be told only in winter, iii, 385 sq.
, Italian, of kings or heroes begotten
by the fire-god, vi. 235
of the origin of death, ix. 302 sqq.
Mytilene, titular kings at, i. 45, 46 «.4
Na Ivilankata, a Fijian clan, members of, walk over oven of hot stones, xi. 10
Naaburg, in Bavaria, custom at sowing at, v. 239
11 Naaman, wounds of the," Arab name for the scarlet anemone, v. 226
Nabataeans, Agriculture of the, ii. 100
Nabopolassar, king of Babylon, v. 174
Nabu, a Babylonian god, ix. 358 n. • marriage of, ii. 130 ; his temple in Borsippa, iv. no
Ndga, serpent god, v. 81
Naga-padoha, the agent of earthquakes among the Battas, v. 200
tribes of Manipur, their belief as to
the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. ii
Nagas, demi-gods, concerned in the pro- duction of rain, i. 294
of Assam, their burial custom, viii.
100; believe that the dead are reborn as butterflies or flies, viii. 290 sq. ; the tug-of-war among the, ix. 177 ; their ceremony of the new fire, x. 136
of the Mahabharata, i. 383 «.4
Nagin, " wives of the snake," in Behar, ii. 149
Nagir, island of Torres Straits, mode of imparting courage in, viii. 153
Nagpur, the cobra the crest of the Maha- rajah of, iv. 132 sq. ', story of the type of Beauty and the Beast told in, iv. 132 sq.
Nagual, external soul, among the Indians of Guatemala and Honduras, xi. 212 sqq.t 220, 226 n.1
Nahak, rubbish used in magic, in Tana,
i- 34i
Nahals, the, a forest tribe of the Central Provinces in India, their worship of trees, viii. 119
Nahanarvals, German tribe, priest dressed as a woman among the, vi. 259
Nahr Ibrahim, the river Adonis, v. 14, 28
Nahum, the prophet, on Nineveh, ix. 390
Nahuntf, an Elamite goddess, ix. 369 w.1
Nahuqua Indians of Brazil, their use of bull-roarers, xi. 230
Nail of coffin in magic, i. 210, 211
Nail -parings swallowed, iii. 246. See also Nails
Nails, golden or silver, driven into a sacred tree, ii. 36 ; knocked into trees, walls, etc., ii. 42, 76, ix. 56 sqq. ; knocked into doors to keep out witches, ii. 339 sq.\ used as charms against fairies, demons, and ghosts, iii. 233, 234, 236 ; knocked as a solemn ceremony by the highest magistrate at Rome, ix. 64 sqq. ; annually knocked into walls to record the years, ix. 67, 67 «.8; knocked into ground as cure for
GENERAL INDEX
383
epilepsy, ix. 68, 330 ; knocked into idols or fetishes, ix. 69 sq.
NaWd, pegs, or pins knocked into images, i. 61, 64, 65, 68, 69
Nails, parings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66 ; of father of twins not to be cut for a time, ii. 102 ; of owners of silk -worms not to be cut for a time, iii. 194 ; parings of, swallowed by attendants, iii. 246 ; of children not pared, hi. 262 sq. ; parings of, swallowed by treaty-makers, iii. 274 ; clippings of, in popular cures, ix. 68 n.2
— - and hair, cut, disposal of, iii. 267 sqq. ; as rain-charms, iii. 271, 272 ; deposited in sacred places, iii. 274 sqq. ; stowed away in any secret place, iii. 276 sqq. \ kept for use at the resurrection, iii. 279 sqq. ; burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 281 sqq. ; in popular cures, ix. 57, 58
and teeth of sacred kings preserved
as amulets, ii. 6
Nakedness of women in rain-charms, i. 248, 282, 283
Nakelo tribe in Fiji, custom at burial of chief in the, iii. 29
Nakiza, the river, worshipped by the Baganda, ix. 27
Namal tribe of West Australia, their belief as to birth of children, v. 105
Namaquas, their fear of falling stars, iv. 6 1 ; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet, viii. 141
Nambutiris of Malabar, their use of magical images, i. 64
Name, the personal, regarded as a vital part of the man, hi. 318^^. ; identified with the soul, iii. 319 ; the same, not to be borne by two living persons, iii. 370 ; changed as a cure for ill health, iv. 158
Names of kings changed in time of drought, i. 355 ; of common objects changed when they coincide more or less with the names of relations, iii.
335. 336. 337. 339. 339 sg» 34°. 34L 345 , 346 ; of relations tabooed, iii. 335 -W •' changed to deceive ghosts, iii. 354 SQQ' I °f common objects changed when they are the names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq. , 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq. ; of ancestors bestowed on their re- incarnations, iii. 368 sq. ; of kings and chiefs tabooed, iii. 374 sqq. \ of super- natural beings tabooed, iii. 384 sqq. ; of gods tabooed, iii. 387 sqq. \ of spirits and gods, magical virtue of, iii. 389 sqq. ; of Roman gods not to be men- tioned, iii. 391 n.1 ; lucky, iii. 391
ft.1; of dangerous animals not to be mentioned, iii. 396 sqq. ; conventional, for common objects on long and peril- ous journeys, iii. 404 ».8 ; royal, signi- fying relation to deity, v. 15 sqq. ; Semitic personal, indicating relation- ship to a deity, v. 51 ; Hebrew, ending in -el or -iah, v. 79 n.s ; on chimney- piece, divination by, x. 237 ; of savages kept secret, xi. 224 «.2
Names of the dead tabooed, iii. 349 sqq. \ not borne by the living, iii. 354 ; revived after a time, iii. 365 sqq.
, new, given to the sick and old,
iii. 319 ; taken by novices at initiation, iii. 320, 383, xi. 259
, personal, tabooed, iii. 318 sqq. ;
kept secret from fear of magic, iii. 320 sqq. ; different in summer and winter, iii. 386
Namesakes of the dead change their names to avoid attracting the attention of the ghost, iii. 355 sqq. ; of deceased persons regarded as their reincarna- tions, iii. 365 sqq.
Naming the dead a serious crime, iii. 352» 354 J °f children, solemnities at the, connected with belief in the re- incarnation of ancestors in their name- sakes, iii. 372
Namoluk, one of the Caroline Islands, traditionary origin of fire in, xi. 295
Namosi, in Fiji, human sacrifice at cut- ting a chief's hair in, iii. 264
Namuci and Indra, legend of, xi. 280
Namur, Lenten fires in, x. 108
Nana, mother of Attis, v. 263, 269, 281
Nana or Nanaea, goddess of Elymais, i.
37 ».2
Nandi of British East Africa, power of medicine-men among the, i. 344 ; their custom as to an unchaste girl, ii. 112 ; their fire-drill, ii. 210 ; taboos observed by those who have handled the dead among the, iii. 141 ; purification of man-slayers among the, iii. 175 ; their use of shorn hair as hostage for a prisoner, iii. 273 ; their use of magic knots on a journey, iii, 310 ; names of absent warriors not mentioned among the, iii. 330 ; reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; certain words tabooed to warriors among the, iii. 401 ; their belief as to stepping over things, iii. 423 ; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85 ; their ceremony at the ripening of the eleusine grain, vi. 47 ; boys dressed as women and girls dressed as men at circumcision among the, vi. 263 ; woman's share in agriculture
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
among the, vii. 117 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 317 ; their cere- monies at eating the new eteusine grain, viii. 64 ; warriors eat hearts of foes to become brave among the, viii. 149 ; man-slayers drink the blood of their enemies among the, viii. 155; their custom of driving sick cattle round a fire, xi. 13 ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n.
Nanga, sacred enclosure in Fiji, viii, 125, xi. 243, 244
Nanja spots, local totem centres in Central Australia, i. 96, 97 ; trees, haunted by disembodied spirits, i. 96
Nanjundayya, H. V., on serpent worship in Mysore, v. 81 sq.
Nanna, the wife of Balder, x. 102, 103
Nanny, a Yorkshire witch, x. 317
Nanumea, island of, precautions against strangers in, iii. 102 sq.
Naples, custom observed by boys on the first Sunday of April at, iv. 241 ; grotto del cani at, v. 205 n.1 ; custom of bathing on St. John's Eve at, v. 246 ; protected against flies and grasshop- pers, viii. 281 ; feast of the Nativity of the Virgin at, x. 220 sq.
Narayan-chakra, a rain-making stone, i.
305
Narbrooi, a spirit or god of the forest, in New Guinea, iii. 60 sq.
Narcissus and his reflection, iii. 94
Narmer, the mace of, king of Egypt re- presented as Osiris on, vi. 154
Narrative spells, vii. 104 sqq.
Narrinyeri, the, of South Australia, take great care of the refuse of their food, iii. 126 sq. ; names of the recent dead not mentioned among, iii. 372 ; their custom at breaking bones of animals, viii. 259 n.
Narrow openings, creeping through, in order to escape ghostly pursuers, xi. 177 sqq.
Nass River in British Columbia, the Indians of the, believe that a physician may swallow his patient's soul, iii. 76
Nat, spirit, in Burma, ii. 46
Nat superstition in Burma, ix. 90 n.1
Natal, the Caffres of, their rain -charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290
Natchez Indians of North America, their rain -making, i. 249 ; claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 «.3 ; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal among the, i. 401 «.8 ; their per- petual fires, ii. 262 sq. ; customs of man-slayers among the, iii. 181; their festival of new corn, viii. 77 sqq, ; their festival of New Fire, viii. 135 sqq.
Nathuram, image supposed to make women fruitful, xi. 3
National character partly an effect of geographical and climatic conditions, vi. 217
Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice, v. 303 sqq.
" of the sun's walking-stick,"
ancient Egyptian festival, i. 312
of the Virgin, feast of the, x. 220 sq.
Nats, spirits in Burma, iii. 90, ix. 175 sq. ; propitiation of, ix. 96
Natural calendar of the husbandman, shepherd, and sailor, vi. 25
death of sacred king or priest, sup- posed fatal consequences of, iii. 6, 7 ; regarded as a calamity, iv. ii sq.
law, the conception of, gradually
evolved, i. 374 ; not grasped by primi- tive man, i. 376
timekeepers, vii. 53
Nature, conception of immutable laws of, not primitive, i. 374 ; the order and uniformity of, ii. 376 ; of Osiris, vi. 96 sqq.
Nauders in the Tyrol, sacred larch-tree at, ii. 20
Naudowessies, Indian tribe of North America, ritual of death and resurrec- tion among the, xi. 267
Naueld, need-fire, in Norway, x. 280
Nauras Indians of New Granada ate the hearts of Spaniards to make themselves brave, viii. 150
Nauroz and Eed festivals in Dardistan, women swing at the, iv. 279
Nauru, in the Marshall Islands, lives of people bound up with a fish in, xi. 200
Navajoes of New Mexico, their ceremony at the return of a man from captivity, iii. 112 sq. ; keep their names secret, iii. 325 ; tell their stories only in winter, iii. 385 ; their story of the external soul, xi. 151 sq. ; use of bull -roarers among the, xi. 230 #., 231
Navarre, rain -making, by means of images of St. Peter in, i. 307
Navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182- 20 1 ; planted with or under a tree, i. 182, 184, 186, 196 ; worn as an amulet, i. 183, 187, 197, 198 ; thrown into the sea, i. 184, 185, 190, 191 ; hung on a tree, i. 185, 186, 190, 198, ii. 56 ; regarded as brother or sister of child, i. 186, 189, xi. 162 ».a; called the "twin," i. 195; worn as amulet by camels, i. 195 ; used in divination, i. 196 ; of the living king of Uganda preserved and inspected every new moon, i. 196, vi. 147 sq. ; seat of external soul, i. 200 sq. ; used to recall the soul, iii. 48 ; term applied to last
GENERAL INDEX
385
handful of corn, vii. 150 ; buried under a plant or tree, xi. 160 sq. , 161, 163
Navel-strings of dead kings of Uganda preserved, vi. 167, 168, 171 ; pre- served by the Baganda as their twins and as containing the ghosts of their afterbirths, vi. 169 sq.
Navona, Piazza, at Rome, ceremony of Befana on the, ix. 166 sq.
Nawng Tung Lake, in Burma, virgins dedicated in marriage to the spirit of the lake, ii. 150 sq.
Naxos, Dionysus Meilichios in, vii. 4
Nayan, a rebel against Kublai Khan, iii. 242
Nazarite, vow of the, iii. 262
Ndem Efik, tutelary deity of Calabar, iii. 22
Ndembo, secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 251 sqq.
Ndjambi, Njambi, Njame, Zambi, Nyambe, etc. , name of the supreme god among various tribes of Africa, vi. 186, with note 5
Karunga, the supreme god of the
Herero, vi. 186
Ndok, biennial expulsion of spirits at Calabar, ix. 204
Ndolo, on the Moeko River, West Africa, chief with external soul in hippo- potamus at, xi. 200
Nebseni, the papyrus of, vi. 112
Nebuchadnezzar, his record of the festival of Marduk, ix. 357
Neck, crying the, at harvest in Devon- shire, vii. 264 sqq.
of the corn-spirit, vii. 268
Neckar, the river, requires three human victims at Midsummer, xi. 26 ; loaf thrown into the river, xi. 28
Necklace, girl's soul in a, xi. 99 sq.
Necropolis, ancient, in the Roman forum, ii. 1 86 ; near Albano, ii. 201 sq.
Neda, River, at Phigalia, cave of Demeter in the ravine of the, viii. 21
Need -fire, x. 269-300; made without metal, iii. 229 ; John Ramsay's account of, x. 147 sq. ; kindled as a remedy for cattle -plague, x. 270 -W-,'343.' cattle driven through the, x. 270 sqq. ; derivation of the name, x. 270 «. ; kindled by the friction of a wheel, x. 270, 273, 289 sq., 292 ; kindled with oak-wood, x. 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 281, 289 sq. , 294 ; called "wild-fire," x. 272, 273, 277 ; kindled by nine kinds of wood, x. 278, 280 ; kindled by fir- wood, x. 278, 282 ; kindled as a remedy for witchcraft, x. 280, 292 sq., 293, 295; called "living fire," x. 281, 286; healing virtue ascribed to, x. 281, 286 ; kindled by lime -wood, x. 281, 283,
286 ; kindled by poplar-wood, x. 282 ; regarded as a barrier interposed be- tween cattle and an evil spirit, x. 282, 285 sq. ; kindled by cornel-tree wood, x. 286 ; revealed by an angel from heaven, x. 287 ; used to heat water, x. 289 ; kindled on an island, x. 290 sq., 291 sq. ; kindled by birch-wood, x. 291 ; kindled between two running streams, x. 292 ; kindled to prevent fever, x. 297 ; probable antiquity of the, x. 297 sq. \ kindled by elm-wood, x. 299 ; the parent of the periodic fire- festivals, x. 299, 343 ; Lindenbrog on, x- 335 n'1 1 used by" Slavonic peoples to combat vampyres, x. 344 ; some- times kindled by the friction of fir, plane, birch, lime, poplar, cornel-wood,
xi. 91 n.
Neftenbach, in Canton of Zurich, the
Corn-mother at harvest at, vii. 232 Negative magic or taboo, i. in sqq., 143 Negritos of the Philippine Islands, their
religion a fear of the dead, ix. 82 Negro children pale at birth, xi. 251 n.1,
259 «.2 ; gods black and snub-nosed,
iii. 387 Negroes of Guiana, their homoeopathic
cure for stammering, i. 156 - of Surinam. See Bush negroes Nehrung, in East Prussia, custom at
sowing among the Kurs of, i. 137 Neil, R. A., on Hyes Attes, viii. 22 «.4;
on Gaelic name for mistletoe, xi. 82 n. Neilgherry Hills, the Todas of the, i.
402, ix. 37, x. 136 ; the Burghers or
Badagas of the, viii. 55, ix. 36, 37,
xi. 8 sq. Neisse, in Silesia, Oats-king and Oats-
queen about, vii. 164 ; precautions
against witches in the district of, xi.
20 n. Neit, Neith or Net, Egyptian goddess,
patroness of matrimony, ii. 131, v. 282
«., vi. 51 n.1
Nekht, the papyrus of, vi. 112 Nel Gwynne, ii. 52 Nelhngen in Lorraine, simples gathered
on Midsummer Day at, xi. 47 Nelson, A. E., on custom as to cutting
the last corn at harvest in India, vii.
234 n.2 Nelson, E. W., on the supposed effect of
a breach of taboo among the Esqui-
maux, iii. 206 ; on the bladder festival
of the Esquimaux, iii. 228, viii. 249 n.l\
on taboos observed by Esquimaux after
a death, iii. 237 ; on the masquerades
of the Esquimaux, ix. 379 sqq. Nemean games, celebrated in honour of
Opheltes, iv. 93 ; held every two years,
vii. 86
386
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Nemi, sanctuary of Diana at, i. 2 sqq. \ the priest of Diana at, i. 8 sqq. , 40, 41, ii. 376, 386, 387, iv. 28, 212 sg.t 220, xi. 315 ; the King of the Wood at, i. II, 40 sqq.t ii. 378 sqq., iv. 205 sq. , 212 sqq. , x. 2 ; Virbius at, i. 20, 40, 41, ii. 378, 379 ; derivation of the name, ii. 9 ; sacred marriage of Diana and Virbius perhaps annually cele- brated at, ii. 129 ; Dianus and Diana at, ii. 376 sqq. , v. 45 ; sacramental bread at, xi. 286 ».2; at evening, xi. 308 sq,
, the Lake of, i. i sqq. ; annual
tragedy perhaps formerly enacted at, xi. 286
, the sacred grove of, i. 2, 8, 12, 17,
40, 41, ii. 378, xi. 315 ; perhaps com- posed of oaks, ii. 379, 386
Nemontemi, the five supplementary days of the Aztec calendar, ix. 339
Nemus, meaning of the word, i. 2 n.1 ; supposed town of, i. 3 «.1 ; a grove or woodland glade, li. 9
Neolithic implements found in the peat- bogs of Denmark and Scandinavia, ii. 352
Neoptolemus, son of Achilles, in Epirus, ii. 278
Nepaul, the Newars of, i. 294 sq. ; fossil ammonites found in, ii. 27 «.2 ; the Dassera festival of, iv. 277, ix. 226 n.1
Nephele, wife of King Athamas, iv. 161
Nephews, uncles named after their, iii. 332
Nephthys watches over childbirth, ii. 133; Egyptian goddess, sister of Osiris and Isis, vi. 6 ; mourns Osiris, vi. 12 ; the birth of, ix. 341
Neptune and Salacia, vi. 231, 233
Nepu, sorcerers, in New Guinea, i. 337
Nerechta, district of Russia, Whitsuntide custom in, 11. 93
Neno, wife of Mars, vi. 232
Nero consecrates his first beard, i. 29
Nerthus, old German goddess, xi. 28 n.1 \ procession of, ii. 144 n.1
Nestclknupfen, spell laid on man and wife, x. 346 «.2
Net to catch the sun, i. 316 ; the soul or genius of a, ii. 147
Nets, marriage of girls to, ii. 147 ; to catch souls, iii. 38, 69 sq. ; taboos ob- served at the making of fishing nets, iii. 192 ; as amulets, iii. 300, 307 ; treated as living beings, viii. 240 n.1 ; fumigated with smoke of need -fire, x. 280
Nettles, whipping with, ix. 263 ; Indians beaten with, as an ordeal, x. 64
Neuautz, in Courland, pig's tail at sow- ing barley at, vii. 300
Neuchatel, Midsummer fires in the canton of, x. 172
Neuenkirchen, in Oldenburg, plague hammered into a doorpost at, ix. 64
Neuerburg, in the Eifei, King and Queen of the Bean near, ix. 313
Neugramatin, in Bohemia, custom of beating young women with green boughs in the Christmas holidays at, ix. 270
Neuhausen, near Merseburg, binder of last sheaf wrapt in ears of oats at, vii. 221
Neuhof, near Marburg, remedy for gout at, ix. 56
Neumann, J. B., on the belief in demons among the Battas, ix. 87 ; on the Batta doctrine of souls, xi. 223 «.a
Neumark, "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 269
Neusass, in West Prussia, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 137
Neustadt, in Silesia, Midsummer fires at, x. 170 ; near Marburg, the need-fire at, x. 270
Neuwied, Prince of, on a Minnetaree ceremony, vii. 209 n.2
New, Charles, on the exorcism of strangers in East Africa, iii. 103
New birth, simulation of, among the Akikuyu, i. 75 sq. , 96 sq. ; of Brahman sacrificer, i. 380 sq. \ through blood in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sq. ; savage theory of, v. 299 ; of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 sq. ; of novices at initiation, xi. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262 sq. See also Birth
body obtained at initiation, xi. 252
born children brought to the hearth,
ii. 232
Britain, Gazelle Peninsula in, i.
175, iii. 202, iv. 65, vii. 123, ix. 303 ; contagious magic by means of personal relics in, i. 175 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 208 ; rain- making in, i. 248 sq. ; the Sulka of, i. 252, 304, ii. 148, 155 ».i, iii. 151, 331, 384, iv. 65 ; charm to make the wind blow in, i. 320 ; magical powers ascribed to chiefs in, i. 340 ; new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 ».s; artificial deformation of heads in, ii. 298 ».a ; avoidance of wife's mother in, iii. 85 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 128 ; names of relations by mar- riage tabooed in, iii. 344; theory of earthquakes in, v. 201 ; the Melan- esians of, their belief in demons, ix. 82 sq. \ expulsion of devils in, ix. logsq.; the Duk-duk society of, x ii, xi. 246 sq.
GENERAL INDEX
387
New Calabar River, human victims thrown into the, ii. 158
Caledonia, magical effigies in, i. 78 ;
the Belep of, i. 150 ; homoeopathic magic of stones in, i. 162 sqq. ; magic blent with the worship of the dead in, i. 164; rain -making by means of a human skeleton in, i. 284 sq. , 314, ii. 47 ; ceremonies for making sunshine and drought in, i. 312 sq. , 314 ; ideas as to reflections among the natives of, iii. 92 sq. ; taboos ob- served by men who bury corpses in, iii. 141 ; continence at the building of a canoe in, iii. 202 ; names of relations tabooed in, iii. 344 ; belief as to woman stepping over a cable in, iii. 424 ; ceremony at eating first yams in, viii. 53 ; bodies of slain foes eaten to acquire their bravery in, viii. 151 ; burying the evil spirit in, ix. no; taro plants beaten to make them grow in, ix. 264
Caledonians, the, their ways of
making rain and sunshine, i. 314; their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31
College, Oxford, Boy Bishop at, ix.
338
corn, eaten sacramentally, viii. 48
sqq.
, everything, excites awe of savages,
iii. 230 sqq.
fire, made by friction in rain-charm,
i. 290 ; made by the friction of sticks at Rome, ii. 207, 227 ; made by the fric- tion of sticks at rebuilding a village, ii. 217, 222 ; made by friction at taking possession of a new house, ii. 237 sq. ; made by the friction of wood after a birth, ii, 239 ; made at Mid- summer, ii. 243 ; made at beginning of a king's reign, ii. 262, 267 ; made by friction of wood, iii. 286, vii. 310 sq. , x. 264 ; made at festivals of new fruits, viii. 65, 74, 75, 78 ; festival of, among the Natchez, viii. 135 ; kindled on Easter Saturday, x. 121 sqq. ; made at the New Year, x. 134 sq., 138, 140. See also Fire, new
fruits, ceremonies at eating, viii. 52
sqq.
Granada, the Muyscas of, i. 303 ;
their belief as to water- serpents, ii. 156 ; the Nauras Indians of, viii.
15°
— - Guinea, the Toaripi or Motumotu of i. 125, 317, 327, iii. 92 ; the Motu of, i. 317, ii. 106, iii. 141, 192, 203 taboos on pregnant women in,i. 141 w.1 charms to detain the sun in, i. 317 some of the natives of, reported to be
ignorant of the art of making fire, ii. 253 sf* i Geelvink Bay in, iii. 60 ; use of effigies as substitutes for souls in, iii. 63 «.a ; the Maclay Coast of, iii. 109 ; seclusion and purification of man -slayers in, iii. 167 sqq. \ the Gebars of, iii. 190 ; Mowat in, iii. 192 ; the Wanigela River of, iii. 192 ; dread of sorcery in, iii. 246 ; cut hair destroyed for fear of witchcraft in, iii. 282 n. ; names of relations tabooed in, iii. 342 sq. ; bull-roarers used to ensure good crops in, vii. no; divi- sion *of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124 ; mourners rub them- selves with the juices of the dead in, viii. 163 ; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 295 sq.
New Guinea, British, charms used by hunters in, i. 109 ; the Mekeo district of, i. 134, iii. 144, 148 ; charm against snake-bite in, i. 152 sq. \ contagious magic of bodily impressions in, i. 213 ; influence of magicians in, i. 337 sq. ; belief as to demons of trees in, n. 42 ; the Sinaugolo tribe of, iii. 147 ; the Roro district of, iii. 148 ; the Motu- motu tribe of, iii. 167, 196, 329, viii. 145 ; the Koita of, iii. 168 ; the Roro-speaking tribes, iii. 168, 193 ; the Massim of, iii. 169 ; the Motu of, iii. 329 ; changes in the languages of, caused by fear of naming the dead, in. 361 sq. ; belief in ghosts in, ix. 84 sq. ; Mowat in, ix. 265 ; festival of wild mango in, x. 7 ; custom observed after childbirth in, x. 20 ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 35 ; dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 79 ; the Toaripi of, x. 84 ; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 228 n.'2
Guinea, Dutch, Windessi in, iii.
169 ; Doreh in, iii, 170, ix. 178 ; the Nufoors of, iii. 329, 332, 415 ; the Papuans of Doreh Bay in, iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression) ; Kaiman: Bay in, vii. 123 ; the Papuans of Ayam- bori in, vii. 123 ; the Papuans of, their belief in demons, ix. 83
Guinea, German, the Yabim of,
i. 182, iii. 151, 170, 186 n.1, 306, 342, 354, 386, vii. 228, viii. 275, 295 J#., ix. 1 88, 232 ; contagious magic of personal remains in, i. 213 ; charm to hasten the moon in, i. 319 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 128 ; the Monumbos of, iii. 1 69, xi. 382 ; precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289 ; the Kai of, v. 96, vii. 99 sqq., 313, viii. 33, 152, ix. 264, xi. 182 ; theTami of, v. 198 ; the Bukaua
388
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of, vii. 103 sg.t 313, viii. 124, ix. 83 sq. \ rites of initiation in, xi. 193, 239 sqq.
New Guinea, North -West, spirits of ancestors thought to live on trees in, ii. 32
Guinea, South-Eastern, annual ex- pulsion of demons in, ix. 134
Hebrideans, their story of the origin
of death, ix. 304
Hebrides, Tana (Tanna) in the, i.
206, viii. 125 ; rain-making in the, i. 308; supernatural powers of chiefs in the, i. 339 ; artificial deformation of headsin the.ii. 298 n.2; ghosts impound souls in the, iii. 56 ; Lepers' Island in the, iii. 65 ; magic of refuse of food in the, iii. 127 ; Vate* in the, iv. 12 ; burial alive in the, iv. 12 ; the natives of the, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313; conception of the external soul in the, xi. 197 sqq.
Ireland, names of relations by
marriage tabooed in, iii. 344 ; seclu- sion of girls at puberty in, x. 32 sqq. ; Duk-duk society in, xi. 247
Mexico, the aridity of, i. 306 ; the
Navajoes of, iii. 325 ; the Pueblo Indians of, vi. 54 ; the Zuni Indians of, viii. 175, x. 132 ; the Indians of, their attempts to escape the pursuit of smallpox, ix. 123 ; and Arizona, use of bull -roarers in, xi. 230 /?. , 231
moon, ceremonies at the, vi. 141
sqq. See also Moon
names given to the sick and old,
iii. 319; at initiation, iii. 320, 383, xi. 259
potatoes, how eaten, viii. 51
rice, ceremonies at eating the, viii.
54 sqq-
South Wales, custom observed at
nose-boring in, i. 94 ; the Kamilaroi of, i. 101, viii. 151, 162 ; natives of, bury their dead at flood tide, i. 168 ; the Murring tribe of, i. 176 ; tribes of, their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 176 ; way of stopping rain in, i. 253 ; the Keramin tribe of, i. 304 ; the Ta-ta-thi of, i. 304 ; natives of, their charm for raising a wind, i. 321 n.1 ; the Hunter River tribes of, iii. 84 ; the Yuin tribes of, iii. 84, 320 ; rule as to covering the mouth ob- served by newly initiated men in, iii. 122 ; the Ngarigo tribe of, iii. 141, iv. 60 ; aboriginal tribes of, mourning custom among the, iii. 182 ; name- sakes of the dead change their names in, iii. 355 ; sacrifice of first-born children among the aborigines of, iv. 179 sq. ; the aborigines of, their ideas
as to the Pleiades, vii. 308 ; the Wollaroi of, viii. 163 ; fish invited to come and be caught among the ab- origines of, viii. 312 n. ; dread of women at menstruation in, x. 78 ; the Wongh tribe of, xi. 227 ; the drama of resurrection at initiation in, xi. 235 sqq. New vessels used for new fruits, viii. 81,
83
water at Easter, x. 123
World, bathing on St. John's Day
in the, v. 249 ; All Souls' Day in the, vi. 80 ; Easter ceremonies in the, x. 127 sq. ; magical virtue of plants at Midsummer in the, xi. 50 sq.
yams, ceremonies at eating, viii. 53,
58 sqq. , ix. 134 sqq. ', festival of the, in West Africa, viii. 115 sq. ; festival of the, in Tonga, viii. 128 sqq
Year, dated by the Pleiades, vii. 116,
310, 312, 315 ; the Chinese, viii. 10 ; expulsion of evils at the, ix. 127, 133, 149 sq. , 155 ; in Siam, ix. 149 sq . ; not reckoned from first month, ix. 149 n.2 ; in Japan, ix. 154 n. ; sham fight at the, ix. 184 ; the Tibetan, ix. 197, 203, 218 ; ceremony at the Tibetan, ix. 197 sq. ; new fire made at the, x. 134 sq. , 138, 140; the Celtic, on N ovember first, x. 224^. ; the Fijian, Tahitian, and Hawaiian, xi. 244
Year festival in Laos, i. 251; at
Babylon, iv. no, 115, ix. 356 sqq. ; of the Kayans at the end of harvest, vii. 93, 96 sq.t 98, 99; among the Iroquois, ix. 127, 209 sq. \ among the Tenggerese of Java, ix. 184 ; among the Mohammedans in North Africa, x. 217 sq.
Year's Day, festival of the dead on,
vi. 53, 55, 62, 65 ; part of Christmas Boar given to cattle on, vii. 302 ; fes- tival of new yams among the Igbiras on, viii. 115 ; atOnitsha, on the Niger, ix. 133 ; among the Wotyaks, ix. 155 ; in Corea, annual riddance of evil on, ix. 202 ; in Tibet, ceremony on, ix. 203 ; in Breadalbane, ix. 209 ; among the Swahili, ix. 226 ».1; young women beat young men on, ix. 271 ; of the Jewish calendar, ix. 359
Year's Eve, divination by shadows
on, iii. 88 ; Highland custom of beat- ing a man in a cow's hide on, viii. 322 ; in Corea, ix. 147 ; ' ' Shooting the Witches " on, ix. 164 ; in Macedonia, ix. 320. See also St. Sylvester's Day
Year's Night, omens on, iv. 66 sq.
Zealand, customs as to the navel- string in, i. 182 ; fires in the forests of, ii. 256 ; sanctity of chiefs in, iii
GENERAL INDEX
389
134 sqq. \ customs as to eating ob- served by chiefs in, iii. 138 ; sacred- ness of chiefs' blood in, iii. 248 ; sacredness of chiefs' heads in, iii. 256 sq. ; customs at hair-cutting in, iii. 264 sq, ; disposal of cut hair in, iii. 274 ; magic use of spittle in, iij. 288 ; names of chiefs not to be pronounced in, iii. 381 ; Rotomahana in, v. 207, 209 n, ; effect of contact with a sacred chief in, viii. 28 ; eyes of slain chiefs swallowed by warriors in, vm. 153 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; human scapegoats in, ix. 39. See also Maori
Newars of Nepaul, their worship of frogs, i. 294 sq.
Newberry, Professor P. E., on Osiris as a cedar-tree god, vi. 109 n.1
Newman, Ch. L. , on the human god of the Makalakas, i. 394 «.8
Newman, J. H. , on music, v. 53 sq.
Newstead, Byron's oak at, xi. 166
Ngai, Masai god, festivals of prayer in honour of, i. 344 ; god of the Akikuyu, sheep and goats sacrificed to, li. 44, iii. 204 n.8 ; children of, ii. 150, v. 68
Nganga, medicine- man, among the Boloki, ix. 76 ; "the Knowing Ones," initiates, on the Congo, xi. 251
Ngarigo tribe of New South Wales, novices not allowed to touch food with their hands in the, iii. 141 sq. \ their belief as to falling stars, iv. 60 ; ate the hands and feet of their foes, viii.
151
Ngarong, secret helper, of the Ibans of
Borneo, xi. 224 n.1 Ngoc hoang, in Annam, his message of
immortality to men, ix. 303 Ngoio, a province of Congo, rule of
succession to the chiefship in, iv. 118 sq. Ngoni, the, of British Central Africa,
their fear of being photographed, iii.
98 ; their belief in serpents as reincar- nations of the dead, v. 82. See also
Angoni Ngumbu, of South Cameroons, their
fire-drill, ii. 210
Ngu6n So'n valley in Annam, iii. 155 Nguruhi, the supreme god of the Wahehe,
vi. 1 88 sq. Nguu, district of German East Africa,
ghost consulted as oracle in, xi. 312 Niam-Niam, the, of Central Africa,
women the agricultural labourers
among, vii. 119 Niambe, the supreme god of the Barotse,
vi. 193 Nias, island of, magical ceremony to
catch wild pigs in, i. 109 ; homoeopathic
magic at planting rice in, i. 143 ; con-
ception of the soul in, iii. 29 ; re- covery of lost souls in, iii. 64, 67 ; taboos observed by hunters in, iii. 196 ; superstition as to personal names among the natives of, iii. 323 ; taboos observed during the hunting season in, iii. 410 ; special language of hunters in, iii. 410 ; special language employed by reapers in, iii. 410 sq. ; custom of succession to the chieftain- ship in, iv. 198 sq. ; mock human sacrifices at funerals in, iv. 216 ; con- duct of the natives of, in an earthquake, v. 201 sq. ; head-hunting in, v. 296 #.*; division of agricultural work be- tween the sexes in, vii. 124 ; harvest custom in, vii. 233 sq. ; the Pleiades observed in, vii. 315 ; crops guarded against wild pigs in, viii. 32 ; mode of diverting dangerous spirits from pregnant women in, viii. 102 sq. ; first- fruits offered to ancestors in, viii. 124 ; polite treatment of destructive ants in, viii. 276 ; expulsion of demons in, ix. 11^ sqq. ; explanation of human mor- tality in, ix. 303 ; story of the external soul told in, xi. 148 ; ceremonies per- formed by candidates for the priesthood in, xi. 173 sq.
Nias, the natives of, believe in demons of trees, ii. 33 sq. ; their custom of bung- ing up the nose and mouth of corpses, iii. 31 ; their fear of a rainbow, iii. 79; their custom of scrubbing the things they buy, iii. 107
Nibelungenlied, the, Brunhild and Gun- ther in, ii. 306
Nicaragua, maize mixed with human blood eaten at festivals in, viii. 91 sq.
, Indians of, rules observed by them
between sowing and harvest, ii. 105 ; sacrifice human victims to volcanoes, v. 219 ; their transference of weariness to heaps of stones, ix. 9
Niceros and the were-wolf, story of, x. 313 sq.
Nicholas Bishop, the Boy Bishop elected on St. Nicholas's Day, ix. 338
Nicholson, General, worshipped as a god in his life, i. 404
Nicholson, R. A., iii. 51 n.
Nicknames used in order to avoid the use of Jhe real names, iii. 321, 331
Nicobar Islanders reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; their annual expulsion of demons in little ships, ix. 201 sq.
Islands, homoeopathic magic at
sowing in the, i. 141 ; pregnant woman used to fertilize the gardens in the, ii. 10 1 ; customs as to shadows at burials in the, iii. 80 sq. ; rain attributed to
390
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
wrath of spirits in the, iii. 231 ; changes in the language of the, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 362 sq. \ as- sumption of the names of dead grand- parents in the, iii. 370 ; demon of disease sent away in a boat from the, ix. 189 sq.
Nicobarese mourners change their names and shave themselves for fear of the ghost, iii. 357 sq. ; their sham fights in honour of the dead, iv. 96 sq. ; their belief in demons, ix. 88 ; their ceremony of exorcism by means of pig's blood and leaves, ix. 262
Nicolaus Damascenus on a bad king of Lydia, i. 366
Nicolson, Sheriff Alexander, on the last sheaf in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 164 sq.
Nicosia, in Sicily, ceremonies to procure rain at, i. 300
Nidugala, in the Neilgherry Hills, the fire- walk at, xi. 8
Niebuhr, B. G. , on Servius Tullius, ii. 196 n. \ on the list of Alban kings, ii. 269
Nieces, aunts named after their, iii. 332
Nieder-Lausitz, the Midsummer log in, xi. 92 n.1
Niederehe, in the Eifel Mountains, Mid- summer flowers at, xi. 48
Niederpormg in Bavaria, pretence of beheading Whitsuntide mummer at, iv. 206 sq.
Nietzold, J., on the marriage of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, vi. 216 n.1
Nieuwenhuis, Dr. A. W., on the Kayan fear of being photographed, iii. 99 ; on the fear of strangers among the Kayans of Borneo, iii. 104 ; on the association of agriculture with religion among the Kayans, vii. 93 ; on the Kayan fear of strangers at religious rites, vii. 94 ».2 ; on a Kayan mas- querade, vii. 95 ; on the New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 96 sqq. ; on games as religious rites among the Kayans, vii. 97 sqq. , 107 ; on the masked dances of the Kayans, ix. 382 sq.
Niger, the Bambaras of the, ii. 42 ; Onitsha on the, ix. 133, 210 ; use of human scapegoats on the, ix. 210 sq. ; belief as to external human souls lodged in animals on the, xi. 209
, the Lower, customs observed by
executioners among tribes of, iii. 172 n.1, viii. 155
Niger Delta, tests of the reincarnation of the dead in the, 1.41 in.1 ; deceiving the
ghosts of women who died in childbed in the, viii. 98 ; burial custom in the, viii. 98
Nigeria, theTomas or Habes of, iii. 124 ; natives of, loth to mention the owl by its proper name, iii. 401 ; custom of putting kings to death in, iv. 34 sq.
:, Northern, the Jukos of, viii. 160
, Southern, chief as fetishman in, i.
349 sq. ; trees inhabited by the spirits of the dead in, ii. 32 ; disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 278 ; the Ijebu tribe of, iv. 112; the I bo of, x. 4; theory of the external soul in, xi. 150, 200, 203 sqq.
Night, burial at, iii. 15 ; King of the, at Porto Novo, iii. 23. See also Twelfth Night
Night-jars, the lives of women in, among the Wotjobaluk, xi. 215 ; called women's "sisters" among the Kulin, xi. 216
Nightingale, the flesh of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 154
Nights, custom of reckoning by, ix. 326 «.2 See also Twelve Nights
Nigmann, E. , on the religion of the Wahehe, vi. 188 sq.
Nihongi, a Japanese work, ix. 213
Nijegorod Government in Russia, smouldeiing faggots in stove not to be broken up in the, ii. 232
Nikclerith, Neane, buries cow alive, x. 324 sq.
Nikunau, one of the Gilbert Islands, sacred stones in, v. 108 n.1
Nile, young virgin drowned as a sacrifice to the, ii. 151 ; the rise and fall of the, vi. 30 sqq. ; rises at the summer solstice in June, vi. 31 n.1, 33 ; commanded by the king of Egypt to rise, vi. 33 ; thought to be swollen by the tears of Isis, vi. 33 ; gold and silver thrown into the river at its rising, vi. 40 ; the rise of, attributed to Serapis, vi. 216 sq.
, the Blue, custom as to kings of
Fazoql on, iv. 16
, the " Bride" of the, ii. 151, vi. 38
, the Upper, medicine-men as chiefs
among the tribes of, i. 345 ; rain- makers on, i. 345 sqq. ; Kings of the Rain on, ii. 2 ; the Alur of, x. 64
, the White, the ShilluK of, iv. 17 ;
tribes of, never shed human blood in their villages, iii. 246 sq. ; the Dinka of, viii. 37, 114, ix. 193
Nilles, N. , on the blessing of the herbs on August i $th, i. 15 «.a
Nilsson, Professor M. P., on custom of sacred prostitution, v. 37 «.2, 57 n.1, 58 n.z ; on the sacrifice of a bull to Zeus Sosipolis at Magnesia, vi. 239 n.1,
GENERAL INDEX
39*
viii. 8 «.a ; on " Bringing home the Maiden," vii. 58 n.1 ; on the festival of the Threshing-floor at Eleusis, vii.
62«.«
Nim tree, leaves of, as an amulet, iii.
234
Nim m, a river goddess of the Ekoi, ix. 28 Nine, ruptured child passed nine times
on nine successive mornings through a
left ash -tree and attended by nine
persons, xi. 170
bonfires on Midsummer Eve an
omen of marriage, x. 174, 185, 189,
339
cows milked for king, iii. 292
different kinds of wood burnt in the
Beltane fires, x. 155 ; used for the Midsummer bonfires, x. 172, 201 ; used to kindle need-fire, x. 271, 278, 280 ; burnt in the need-fire, x. 278
fallen leaves in magic, i. 109
grains of oats in divination, x. 243
handfuls of each kind of grain at
autumnal festival, viii. 49 knots in magic, iii. 302, 303, 304
leaps over Midsummer fire, x. 193
male animals of all sorts sacrificed
at a festival held in Upsala every nine years and lasting nine days, ii. 364 sq.
— men in purification of Orestes, i. 26 ; employed to make fire by the friction of wood, x. 148, 155
ridges of earth brought from nine
mountains in a magical ceremony performed nine times, ix. 8 ; ridges of ploughed land in divination, x. 235
skeins of red wool in magic, iii.
3«>7
sorts of flowers on Midsummer Eve,
to dream on, x. 175, xi. 52 ; gathered for purposes of divination or medicine on Midsummer Eve, xi. 52 sq,
stalks of rice in bunches to make
up the Rice Mother, vii. 195
times to crawl under a bramble as
a cure, xi. 180
times nine men make need-fire, x.
289, 294, 295
(thrice three) times passed through
a girth of woodbine, xi. 184 ; passed through a holed stone, xi. 187
turns round a rick, x. 243
- waves, tops of, thrown on patient's head, xi. 186 sq.
Nineteen years' cycle of Meton, vii. 81 n.3 Nineveh, capital of Assyria, ii. 130 ; the
end of, v. 174 ; tomb of Sardanapalus
at, ix. 388 ».1 ; the burning of Sandan
at, ix. 390 Ningu, the paramour of Tiamat, tablets
of destiny wrested from, iv. no Ninus, Assyrian hero, ix. 391
Nirriti, goddess of evil, in Brahman
ritual, ix. 25 Nirvana, Buddhist monks seek to attain,
through voluntary death by fire, iv. 42 Nisan, a Jewish month, vii. 259 n.1, ix.
356« 36i, 415
Nishga Indians of British Columbia, their use of effigies as substitutes to save the lives of people, viii. 106 sq.
Nishinam Indians of California, cere- mony performed by childless women among the, i. 70 sq. ; secrecy of per- sonal names among the, iii. 326 ; hus- bands never call their wives by name among the, iii. 338
Niska Indians of British Columbia, their cannibal rites, vii. 20 ; rites of initia- tion among the, xi. 271 sq.
Nisus and his purple or golden hair, story of, xi. 103
Nm6 or Savage Island, iv. 219. See Savage Island
Njanms, the, of British East Africa, their sacrifices of sheep at irrigation channels, vi. 38 sq.
Nkimba, secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 255 n.1
No, annual expulsion of demons in China, ix. 145 sq.
Noa, common, opposed to tapu> sacred, iii. 109
Noah's ark, i. 334
Nobosohpoh, a Khasi state, two royal families in, ii. 295
Nocturnal creatures the sex totems of men and women, xi. 217 n.4
Noessa Laut, East Indian island, fisher- men's magic in, i. 109 ; hunter's magic in, i. 114 ; treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 187
Nograd - Ludany, in Hungary, Mid- summer fires at, x. 179
Nogues, J. L. M. , on the wonderful herbs of St. John's Eve, xi. 45
Noises made to expel demons, ix. 109 sqq., 147
Noldeke, Professor Th. , on the sacrifice of the first-born, iv. 179 «.4 ; on Purim and Esther, ix. 366 sq. , 367 n. 1I 368 n. \ on proposed derivation of some names in the Book of Esther, ix. 368 n. ; on Omanos and Anadates, ix. 373 n.1 .
Nomarchs in Egypt originally worshipped as gods, i. 390 «.*
Nonae Caprotinae, Roman celebration of the, ii. 313 sq.t ix. 258
Nonnus, on death of Dionysus, vii. 12 sq.
Noon, fear to lose the shadow at, iii. 87 ; sacrifices to the dead at, iii. 88 ; superstitious dread of, iii. 88
Noose, sun caught in a, i. 316
Nootka Indians of British Columbia.
392
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
superstitions as to twins among the, i. 263 sq. ; their idea of the soul, iii. 27 ; their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 n.\ seclusion of girls at puberty among the, ni. 146 n.1, x. 43 sq. ; their preparation for war, iii. 160 sq. ; their custom of devouring dogs, vii. 20 ; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225 ; their fear of offending fish, viii. 251 ; ritual of death aijad resurrec- tion among the, xi. 270 sq.
Nootka Sound, the Indians of, their pre- paration for whaling, iii. 191
— — wizard, his magic to procure fish, i. 108
Nord, the department of, giants at Shrove Tuesday in, xi. 35
Norden, E., on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 n.3
Nordlingen, in Bavaria, last thresher wrapt in straw at, vii. 221 sq.\ strangers tied up in sheaves at harvest at, vii. 225 ; saying as to wind in corn at, vii. 296
Nore, A. de, on the Yule log in France, x. 250^., 253
Norfolk, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1 ; use of orpine for divination in, xi. 61 «.*
Norman peasants gather seven kinds of plants on St. John's Day, xi. 51 sq.
Normandy, rain-producing spring in, i. 301 ; Burial of Shrove Tuesday in, iv. 228 ; rolling in dew on St. John's Day in, v. 248 ; pretence of tying up landowner in last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 226 ; the quail at harvest in, vii. 295 ; the Bocage of, vii. 295, ix. 183 sq. , 316, 323 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 185 sq. ; the Yule log in, x. 252 ; torchlight processions on Christmas Eve in, x. 266 ; processions with torches on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, x. 340 ; wonderful herbs and flowers gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 46 ; wreaths of mugwort a protection against thunder and thieves in, xi. 59 ; vervain gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62
Norrland, Midsummer bonfires in, x. 172
l^orse legends as to eating hearts of wolf, bear, and dragon, viii. 146
- stories of the external soul, xi.
119 sq.
trinities, ii. 364
Norsemen, their custom of wounding the dying, iv. 13^.
North Africa, festivals of swinging in, iv. 284 ; Midsummer festival of fire and water among the Mohammedans of, v. 249, x. 213 sqq.
North American Indian theory of brandy, viii. 147
American Indians, their exorcism of
strangers, iii. 105 ; their dread of menstruous women, iii. 145 ; their customs on the war-path, iii. 158 sqq. ; ceremonies observed by man- slayers among the, iii. 181 sqq. ; their chastity before hunting, iii. 197 sqq. ; their theory of names, iii. 318 sq. ; personal names kept secret among the, iii. 325 sq. ; namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 356 ; tell their mythic tales only in winter, iii. 385 sq. \ their funeral cele- brations, iv. 97 ; their firm belief in immortality, iv. 137; the Corn Woman among the, vii. 177 ; their theory of the lower animals, viii. 205 sq. • their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 217 sqq.\ their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220 sq. ; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 224 sqq. ; their ceremonious treat- ment of dangerous animals, viii. 237 ; their belief that each species of animals has its patron or genius, viii. 243^. ; may not break the bones of trie animals they eat at feasts, viii. 258 «.2; their reluctance to let dogs gnaw the bones of animals, viii. 259 ; revere their totem animals, viii. 311 ; their personal totems, xi. 222 n.6, 226 n.1 See also America and American Indians
Berwick, Satan preaches at, xi.
158
-West America, Indians of, do not
speak of a person till his bones are finally disposed of, iii. 372
Western Provinces of India, gods
shut up in wood in the, ix. 61 ; the tug-of-war in the, ix. 181. See also India
Northampton, May garlands in, ii. 60 sq.
Northamptonshire, May-trees in, ii. 59 sq. \ May carols in, ii. 61 n.1 \ Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1 ; cure for cough in, ix. 51 ; sacrifice of a calf in, x. 300
Northern Territory, Australia, beliefs as to the birth of children in the, v. 103 sq.
Northumberland, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 168 ; the Borewell, near Bingfield in, ii. 161 ; child's first nail- parings buried under an ash- tree in, iii. 276 ; the mell sheaf in, vii. 151 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 197^.; divina- tion at Hallowe'en in, x. 245 ; the Yule log in, x. 256 ; need-fire in, x. 288 sq. \ ox burnt alive in, to stop a murrain, x. 301
GENERAL INDEX
393
Nortia, Etruscan goddess, ix. 67
Norton Sound, the small sculpin of, i. 288
Norway, precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54 ; the Whit- suntide Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92 ; buried timber in the peat-bogs of, ii. 352 ; nail-parings burnt or buried for fear of elves in, iii. 283 ; the Pea- mother in, vii. 132 ; the Old Hayman killed at haymaking in, vii. 223 ; harvest customs in, vii. 225, 282; "Killing the Hare " at harvest in, vii. 280 ; belief as to eating flesh of white snake in, viii. 146 ; cairns in, ix. 14; bonfires on Midsummer Eve in, x. 171 ; the need- fire in, x. 280 ; superstitions about a parasitic rowan in, xi. 281
Norwegian sailors, their use of rowan, ix. 267
witch sinks ship, i. 326
Norwich, greasing the weapon instead of the wound at, i. 203
Cathedral, the Boy Bishop at, ix.
337 ; Easter candle in, x. 122 n.
Nose stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31, 71
Nose-boring, custom observed by medi- cine-men at, in New South Wales, i. 94
Nostrils, soul supposed to escape by the, iii. 30, 32, 33, 122
Nosy Be, an island of Madagascar, wor- shipful black bull kept in, viii. 40 n.
Nottinghamshire, harvesters drenched with water in, v. 238 n. ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1 ; the Hem- lock Stone in, x. 157
Nouer Vaiguilette, spells cast on man and wife, x. 346 n.z
Nouzon, in the Ardennes, the Yule log at, x. 253
Novelties, the savage distrust of, iii. 230 sqq.
November, festivals of the dead in, vi. 51, 54, 69 sqq. ; the month of sowing in Egypt, vi. 94 ; annual ceremony at catching sea-slug in, ix. 143 ; expulsion of demons in, ix. 204
the ist, All Saints' Day, vi. 70 sq. ,
77, 82, 83, x. 225 ; old New Year's Day in the Isle of Man, x. 224 sq.
the 2nd, All Souls' Day, vi. 69, 70
sq., 81
Novgorod, image of Perun at, ii. 365 ; perpetual fire of oak-wood at, ii. 365
Novices at initiation, taboos observed by, iii. 141 sq. , 156 sq. ; supposed to be swallowed and disgorged by a spirit or monster, xi. 235, 240 sq.> 242, 246 ; supposed to be newly born, xi. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261, 262 sq. ; begotten anew, xi. 248 ; at initiation VOL. XII
killed as men and brought to life as animals, xi. 272
Novitiate of priests and priestesses, v. 66, 68
Nuba negroes, office of rain-maker among the, ii. 3
Nubas, the, of Jebel-Nuba, taboos ob- served by women in the absence of their husbands among, i. 122 ; will not cut a certain thorn-tree during the rainy season, ii. 49 n.8 ; their priestly king, iii. 132 ; their customs at millet- harvest, vni. 114
Nuehr, a pastoral tribe of the Upper Nile, their reverence for their cattle, viii. 39
Nufoors of Dutch New Guinea unwilling to mention their names, iii. 329, and the names of their relations by mar- riage, iii. 332, 341 sq. ; taboo observed by them at sea, in. 415
Nulit language in Victoria, iii. no
Nullakun tribe of Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, v. 101
Numa, an adept in drawing down light- ning, ii. 181 ; as Flamen Dialis, ii. 192 ; builds the temple of Vesta, ii. 200 sq. • his sons, ii. 270 n.8 ; a Sabine of Cures, ii. 270 «.6 ; a priestly king, ii. 289 ; born on the day of the Parilia, April 2ist, ii. 325, 329
andEgeria, i. 18, ii. 172 sq. , 193, 380
Nunia's birthday, ii. 325, 348; " Numa's crockery," ii. 202
Numbering the herds on St. George's Day, ii. 338
Numicius, the river, ii. 181
Nuns of St. Brigit, at Kildare, ii. 240 sq.
Nuremberg, the ' ' Carrying out of Death " at, iv. 234
Nurin, a mythical maiden in a rain- making ceremony, i. 275 sq.
Nurtunjas, sacred poles among the Arunta, xi. 219
Nusku, Egyptian fire-god, i. 67
Nut, Egyptian sky-goddess, mother of Osiris, v. 283 «.8, vi. 6, 16, ix. 341 ; in a sycamore tree, vi. no
Nut-trees, foreskins placed in, i. 95 «.8
water brewed at Midsummer, xi. 47
Nutlets of pines used as food, v. 278 n.2
Nutritive and vicarious types of sacrifice, vi. 226
Nuts passed across Midsummer fires, x. 190 ; in fire, divination by, at Hal- lowe'en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245
Nyadiri, river in Mashonaland, iii. 9
Nyakang, the first of the Shilluk kings, iv. 1 8 sqq. ; the shrines of, iv. 19 ; as rain-giver, iv. 19, 20; worshipped as the god of his people, vi. 162 sqq. ; incarnate in various animals, vi. 163 sq. ; his
394
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
mysterious disappearance, vi. 163 ; his graves, vi. 163, 166 ; historical reality of, vi. 164, 166 sq. ; his relation to the creator Juok, vi. 164 sq. ; com- pared to Osiris, vi. 167
Nyalich, synonym for Dengdit, the name of the Supreme Being of the Dinka, viii. 40 n.
Nyanja chief vulnerable by a sand-bullet, xi. 314
speaking tribes of British Central
Africa, their belief that skin-disease is caused by eating the totem, viii. 26 ; of Angomland, their customs as to girls at puberty, x. 25 sq.
Nyanza, Lake, incarnate human god of,
i- 395
, Lake Victoria, vii. 118
Nyanza region, kings banished for drought
in the, i. 353 Nyassa, Lake, iii. 97, viii. 99, 112, ix.
10, x. 28, 8 1 ; people to the east of, crawl through an arch as a precau- tion against sickness, evil spirits, etc. , xi. 181
Nyassa-Tanganyika plateau, custom of
carriers to deposit stones on heaps
in the, ix. 10 sq. Nyassaland, women will not name their
husbands in, iii. 336 Nyekdit, the Supreme Being of the
Nuehr, viii. 39 Nyikpla or Nyigbla, a negro divinity,
associated with falling stars, iv. 61,
viii. 45 Nymphs of oaks at Rome, ii. 172, 185 ; of
the Fair Crowns at Olympia, vi. 240 Nysa, in the valley of the Maeander, v.
205, 206 n.1; sacrifice of bull at, v.
292 ».8 Nyuak, L. , on guardian spirits of Sea
Dyaks, v. 83
Oak, statue of Artemis under an, i. 38 n.1 ; worshipped by the Galatians, ii. 126 ; sanctuary of the, at Dodona,
11. 176 ; its diffusion in Europe, ii. 349 sqq. ; worship of the, ii. 349 sqq. ; the British (Quercus robur), in France, Germany, Russia, and England, ii. 355 ; oracular, at Dodona, ii. 358 ; sacred to Jupiter, ii. 361 ; worshipped by the ancient Celts, ii. 362 sq. ; wor- shipped by the ancient Teutons, ii. 363 sqq. ; worshipped by the ancient Slavs, ii. 365 ; worshipped by the ancient Lithuanians, ii. 365 sqq. \ revered by the Esthonians, ii. 367 sq. ; worshipped in modern Europe, ii. 370 sqq. ; effigy of Death buried under an, iv. 236 ; dance round, at harvest, vii. 288 ; sacred, of old Prussians, ix. 391 ;
associated with thunder, x. 145 ; the principal sacred tree of the Aryans, xi. 89 sq. ; human representatives of the oak perhaps originally burnt at the fire- festivals, xi. 90, 92 sq. ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets, xi. 170 sqq. ; life of, in mistletoe, xi. 280, 292 ; supposed to bloom on Midsummer Eve, xi. 292, 293; struck by lightning oftener than any other tree of the European forest, xi. 298 sqq. See also Oak-tree and Oaks
Oak of Errol, fate of the Hays bound up with the, xi. 283 sq.
, evergreen, in making fire, ii. 251 ;
the Golden Bough grew on an, ii. 379
of the Guelphs, xi. 166 sq.
, holy, of the old Prussians, iv. 42
planted by Byron, xi. 166
of Remove, xi. 286
" or rock, born of an," i. 100 n.1
, sacred, in a Greek story, i. 158 ;
on the Capitol, ii. 176, 184 ; at Delphi, iv. 80 sq.
or terebinth, sacred at Mamre, v.
37 «-2 and thunder, the Aryan god of the,
ii. 356 sqq., x. 265; oak, sky, rain,
and thunder, god of the, ii. 349 sq. of the Vespasian family at Rome,
xi. 168
and wild olive, pyre of Hercules
made of, ix. 391
Oak branch in rain-charm, i. 309
branches, Whitsuntide mummer
swathed in, iv. 207
crown sacred to Jupiter, ii. 176,
184, 189 ; sacred to Juno, ii. 184, 189
god married to the oak-goddess, ii.
142, 189 sq. ; how he became a god of lightning, thunder, and rain, ii. 372 sqq.
Grove, Chapel of the, at Rome, ii.
185 ; Gate of the, at Rome, ii. 185; Street of the, at Rome, ii. 186
groves in ancient Ireland, ii. 242 sq. ,
363 leaves, crown of, ii. 175, 176^.,
184, iv. 80 sqq. ; "oil of St. John"
found on St. John's Morning upon,
xi. 82 sq. log a protection against witchcraft,
xi. 92
-mistletoe an " all - healer " or
panacea, xi. 77, 79, 82 ; a remedy for epilepsy, xi. 78, 83 ; to be shot down with an arrow, xi. 82 ; a panacea for green wounds, xi. 83 ; a protection against conflagration, xi. 85, 293
-nymphs at Rome, ii. 172, 185
spirit, the priest of the Arician
grove a personification of an, xi. 285
GENERAL INDEX
395
Oak-tree guarded by the King of the Wood at Nemi, i. 42 ; worshipped in Syria, ii. 16 ; pain pegged into an, ix. 58 ; worshipped by the Cheremiss, x. 181
trees revered by the Wends, ii. 55 ;
sacrifices to, ii. 366 ; ague transferred to, ix. 57 sq. ; rupture nailed into, ix. 60 ; toothache nailed into, ix. 60 ; planted at marriage, xi. 165
twigs and leaves used to keep off
witches, xi. 20
-wood, Vesta's fire at Rome fed
with, ii. 1 86 ; perpetual fire of, ii. 262, 365, 366, xi. 285 sq. ; ceremonial fires kindled by the friction of, ii. 372 ; used to kindle the need-fire, x. 148, 271, 272, 275, 276, 278, 281, 289^., xi. 90 sq. ; used to kindle the Beltane fires, x. 148, 155 ; used to kindle Midsummer fire, x. 169, 177, xi. 91 sq. ; used for the Yule log, x. 248, 250, 251, 257, 258, 259, 260, 263, 264 sq. , xi. 92 ; fire of, used to detect a murderer, xi. 92 «.4
woods on the site of ancient Rome,
ii. 184 sqq.
worship of the Druids, ii. 9, xi.
76 sq. , 301
Oaken image dressed as a bride, ii. 140 sq. ; leaves in medicine, ix. 58
Oaks at Troezen, i. 26 ; revered by heathen Lithuanians, ii. 9 ; oracular, ii. 43 ; sacred among the old Prus- sians, ii. 43 ; sacred to Jupiter, ii. 175, 176 ; in peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 35° sf ii. 351 ; in pile villages of Europe, ii. 352 sq. ; of Ireland, ii. 363 ; sick people passed through holes in, ii. 371 ; often struck by lightning, ii. 373 ; mistletoe growing on, in Sweden, xi. 87 ; planted by Sir Walter Scott, xi. 166 ; mistletoe growing on, in England and France, xi. 316
Oath by passing between the pieces of a sacrificial victim, i. 289 n.* ; taken by Mexican kings at their accession*, i. 356, 416 ; by the Styx, iv. 70 n.l\ of Egyptian kings not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 26 ; of women by the Pleiades, vii. 311 ; not to hurt Balder, x. 101
Oaths on stones, i. 160 sq. ; by the king of Egypt, i. 419 ; accompanied by eating a sacred substance, viii. 313
Oats, nine grains of, in divination, x.
243
Oats-bride, vii. 162, 163, 164 — — -bridegroom, vii. 163 — -cow, reaper of last oats, vii. 289 ;
thresher of last oats, vii. 290
Oats-fool, vii. 148
goat, at harvest, vii. 270, 282, 283,
284 ; at threshing, vii. 286, 287 ; mummer called the, viii. 327
-king, in Silesia, vii. 164
-man, at harvest, vii. 163, 221 ; at
threshing, vii. 223
mother, the last sheaf, vii. 135
queen, in Silesia, vii. 164
-sow, at making last sheaf, vii. 298
-stallion, the last sheaf, vii. 292
-wolf, in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273 ;
woman who binds the last sheaf called, vii. 274
-woman, at harvest feast, vii. 163
Oban district, Southern Nigeria, belief as to external human souls lodged in animals in the, xi. 206 sqq. Obassi Nsi, earth-god of the Ekoi, ix. 28 Obelisk, image of Astarte, v. 14 Obelisks, sacred, at Gezer, v. 108 Oberinntal, in Tyrol, the last thresher
called Goat at, vii. 286 Oberkrain, the Slovenes of, their customs
on Shrove Tuesday, ii. 93 Oberland, in Central Germany, the Yule
log in the, x. 248 sq. Obermedlingen, in Swabia, the Cow at threshing at, vii. 290 sq. ; fire kindled on St. Vitus's Day at, x. 335 sq. Oberpfalz, Bavaria, the Old Man at
threshing in some parts of, vii. 222 Objects, souls ascribed to inanimate,
ix. 90 O'Brien, Murragh, executed for treason,
iii. 244 Obscene images of Osiris, vi. 112
language in ritual, iii. 154, 155
songs sung by women on special
occasions, viii. 280
Obscenities in the Eleusinian mysteries, the Festival of the Threshing-floor, and the Thesmophoria, vii. 62 sq. Obscenity in rain- making, i. 267 sq ,
269, 278, 284 n.
Observational power of savages, ix. 326 Obubura district of Southern Nigeria,
human souls in fish in, xi. 204 Ocrisia, mother of Servius Tullius, con- ceives by the fire-god, ii. 195 ; a slave- woman of Corniculum, ii. 270 «.6 Octavian plunders the sanctuary at Nemi, i. 4 ; his provision for knocking a nail into the temple of Mars, ix.
67 n.1
Octennial cycle based on an attempt to harmonize lunar and solar time, iv*
68 sq. ; old, in Greece, vi. 242 n. , vii. 80 sqq.
period of Greek games, vii. 80
tenure of the kingship, iv. 58 sqft
vii. 82, 85
396
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
October, horse sacrificed at Rome in, ii. 229, 326, ix. 230 ; the ist of, a great Saxon festival, vi. 81 ».8 ; the vintage month in modern Greece, vii. 47 ; the month of ploughing and sowing in Greece, vii. 50 ; the i5th, annual sacri- fice of horse at Rome on, viii. 42 sqq. \ annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 226 n.1 ; ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136; the last day of (Hallowe'en ),x. 139
Octopuses presented to Greek infants, i. 156
Ocymum sanctum, Holy Basil, worshipped in India, ii. 26 sq.
Ode branch of Ijebu tribe in Southern Nigeria, mysterious chief of the, iv. 112
Oder, the river, Whitsuntide custom on, ii. 84
Odessa, New Easter fire carried to, x. 130/2.
Odilo, abbot of Clugny, institutes Feast of All Souls, vi. 82
Odin, as a magician, i, 241 sq. ; King Olaf sacrificed to, for the crops, i. 367 ; the Norse god of war, ii. 364 ; thought to receive in Valhalla only the dead in war, iv. 13 ; legend of the deposition of, iv. 56 ; sacrifice of king's sons to, iv. 57, 160 sq. , vi. 220 ; human sacrifices to, iv. 160 sq. , 188 ; hanged on a tree, v. 290; human victims dedicated by hanging to, v. 290
— — , Othin, or Woden, the father of Balder, x. 101, 102, 103 n.
Ododop tribe of Southern Nigeria, chiefs of the, keep their external souls in buffaloes, xi. 208
O'Donovan, E., on a Turcoman remedy for fever by means of knotted threads, iii- 304
Oedipus, supposed effectsof his incest with his mother, ii. 115; his exposure, parricide, and incest, iv. 193
Oefoten, in Norway, laggards in reaping called goats at, vii. 282
Oels, in Silesia, expulsion of witches on Good Friday at, ix. 157; Midsummer fires at, x. 170
Oeneus, king of Calydon in Aetolia, father of Tydeus, ii. 278
Oeniadae, the ancient, Prince Sunless at, x. 21
Oenomaus, king of Pisa, father of Hippodamia, ii. 300 ; his chariot-race at Olympia, ii. 300, iv. 91 ; his incest with his daughter, v. 44 n.1
Oesel, the island of, the Esthonians of, i. 211, iii. 41 sq., vii. 298, viii. 51 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 211 ; custom of reapers in, i. 329; belief as to whirlwinds in, iii. 41 sq. \ belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66 ; the last sheaf called the Rye-boar in,
vii. 298 ; the Christmas Boar in, vii. 302 ; custom at eating the new corn in, viii. 51 ; heaps of sticks or stones in, ix. 14 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 180; St. John's herbs in, xi. 49
Oeta, Mount, Hercules burnt on, v. in, 116, 211
Offenburg, in the Black Forest, Mid- summer fires at, x. 168
Offerings to dead kings, vi. 194 ; at cairns, ix. 26 sqq. ; to demons, ix. 96. See also Sacrifices
" Offscouring" (Trepf^ua), term applied to a human scapegoat, ix. 255 n.1
Offspring, charms to procure, i. 70 sqq.
Ogboni, a secret society on the Slave Coast, xi. 229 n.
Ogginn, a white ox and a holy cave in the Caucasus, viii. 313 n.1
Ogom, a fetish doctor of Nigeria, not allowed to quit his house, iii. 124
Ogre whose soul was in a bird, story of the, xi. 98 sq.
Ogres in stories of the external soul, xi. 100 sqq.
Ogress whose life was in a spinning- wheel, xi. 100
Ogun, war-god of the Yorubas, viii. 149^.
Oho-harahi, "Great Purification," a Japanese ceremony performed on the last day of the year, ix. 213, 213 n.1
Oijo, the Alarm of, paramount king of Yoruba-land, iv. 203
Oil not to be touched by people at home in absence of hunters, i. 120 ; poured on stones as a means of averting bullets from absent warriors, i. 130 ; to be made when the tide is high, i. 167 ; poured on stone as a rain-charm, i. 305, 346 ; and wine poured on sacred tree, ii. 50 ; made by pure youths and maidens, iii. 201 ; made by chaste women, iii. 201 ; to be called water at evening and night, iii. 411 ; human victim anointed with, vii. 246, 247
, holy, poured on king's head, v.
21 ; poured on sacred stones, v. 36 ; as vehicle of inspiration, v. 74; smeared on sick people, viii. 123
" of St. John," found on oaks on
St. John's (Midsummer) morning, xi, 82 sq., 293
Oiling the body forbidden for magical reasons to wives in the absence oi their husbands, i. 120, 122 ; as a pro- tection against demons, iii. 201
the hair forbidden to women while
their husbands are away at war, i. 127
Ointment, magical, applied to weapon instead of to wound, i. 202 ; extracted from dead bodies, the fat of animals, etc. , viii. 163 sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
397
Oise, French department of, dolmen in, xi. 188
Ojebways, or Ojibways, the, magical images among, i. 55 ; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212 ; their cere- mony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 311 ; their belief in tree-spirits, ii. 18; custom observed by them on the war-path, iii. 1 60 ; their reluctance to tell their names, iii. 326 ; husbands and wives will not mention each other's names among the, iii. 338 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n.1 ; their respect for rattle-snakes, viii. 219 ; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225 sq. ; ritual of death and resurrection among, xi. 268
Okanaken Indians of British Columbia, their first-fruit ceremonies, viii. 134
Okhotsk Sea, whales in the, viii. 232
Oklahoma, the Yuchi Indians of, viii. 75
Okunomura, Japanese village, ram- making at, i. 297
Olachen fish, ceremonies at catching the first of the season, viii. 254 sq.
Olaf, king of Sweden, sacrificed to Odin for the crops, i. 367
Olala, secret society of the Niska Indians, xi. 271 sq.
Olaus Magnus, on were-wolves, x. 308
Olba, priestly kings of, v. 143 sqq. , 161 ; the name of, v. 148 ; the rums of, v. 151 sq.
Old animal, bone of, eaten to make eater old, viii. 143
Barley-woman, last sheaf at harvest
called the, vii. 139
Calabar, viii. 108
Christmas Day (Twelfth Night), ix.
321
Corn-woman at threshing, vii. 147
Hay-man at haymaking, vii. 223
Man, name of the corn-spirit, iv.
253 sq. ; name given to the last sheaf, vii. 136 sqq., 148 sq. , 218 sqq., 289; at threshing, vii. 148 sq.t 224
men, savage communities ruled by
an oligarchy of, i. 216 sq. ; government by, in aboriginal Australia, i. 334 sq.
•"•" people killed, iv. n sqq.
Potato Woman, at digging potatoes,
vii. 145
Rye- worn an, the last sheaf called
the, vii. 139 ; binder of the last sheaf called the, vii. 140, 145 ; killed in the last stalks cut, vii. 223 ; killed in the last corn threshed, vii. 224 ; last sheaf left for the, vii. 232
Testament, leprosy in the, viii. 27
— Wheat- woman, vii. 139
Wife (Cailleach), name given to
last corn cut, vii. 140 sqq., 164 sqq. ;
("Old Woman"), effigy burnt on the first Sunday of Lent, x. 116; effigy burnt on the last day of Carnival, x. 1 20
Old Witch, burning the, at harvest, vii. 224
Wives, the Day of the, Thursday
of Mid- Lent, iv. 241
Woman, Sawirg the, a ceremony at
Mid-Lent, iv. 240 sqq. ; name applied to the corn-spirit, iv. 253 sq. ; of the corn, mythical being of the Cherokee Indians, vi. 46 sq., vii. 177; name given to the last corn cut or threshed, vii. 136 sq. , 147, 223 ; name given to the thresher of the last corn, vii. 147
Woman (Baba], a mummer at Car- nival, vni. 332, 333, 334 ; perhaps a rustic prototype of Demeter, viii. 334
Woman who Never Dies, North
American Indian personification of maize, vii. 204 sqq.
women as representatives of the
Corn-goddess, vii. 205 sq.
Oldenberg, Professor H., on the distinc- tion between religion and magic, i. 225 n. ; on the magical nature of ancient Indian ritual, i. 228 ; on the priority of magic to religion, i. 235 n.1 ; on the ritual observed by a Brahman in learning the Sakvari song, i. 269 sq. on foundation -sacrifices, iii. 91 n. on King Vikramaditya, iv. 122 «.2 on the belief in ghosts and demons among the Hindoos of the Vedic ages, ix. 90 sq. ; on the Indian drama, ix.
385 «.J
Oldenburg, mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95 ; disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 275 sq. ; fox's tongue a remedy for erysipelas in, viii. 270 ; popular cures in, ix. 49, 51, 52, 53, 58 ; plague hammered into a wall in, ix. 64 ; the immortal dame of, x. 100 ; Shrove Tuesday customs in, x. 120 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 140 ; burning or boiling portions of animals or things to force witch to appear in, x. 321 sq. ; witch as toad in, x. 323 ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure in, xi. 171 sq. ; custom as to milking cows in, xi. 185 ; sick children passed through a ring of yarn in, xi. 185
Oldfield, A., on the avoidance of the names of the dead among the Australian aborigines, iii. 350
Oldfield, H. A., on the Dassera festival in Nepaul, ix. 226 n.1
Olea chrysophilla, used as fuel for bon- fire, xi. ii
Oleae, the, at Orchomenus, iv. 163, 164
"Oleander, the Sultan of the," x. 18, xi. 51 ; gathered at Midsummer, xi. 51
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Oligarchy of old men, savage communities
ruled by an, i. 216 sq. ; of old men
the ruling body among the Australian
aborigines, i. 335 Olive of the Fair Crown at Olympia, vi.
240 , the sacred, at Olympia, vi. 240,
xi. 80 n.3 , wild, and oak, pyre of Hercules
made of, ix. 391 Olive-branches carried in procession and
hung over doors at Athens, vi. 238 crown of victor in chariot-race at
Olyrnpia, iv. 91, vi. 240 ; of Zeus at
Olympia, iv. 91 -tiee of Pallas, ii. 142 n.2 ; nails
knocked into an, as a cure, ix. 60 wood, sacred images carved of, i.
39 Olives planted and gathered by pure boys
and virgins, ii. 107 Olmutz, district of, the last sheaf called
the Beggar in, vii. 232 Olo Ngadjoe (Oloh Ng.idju), the, of
Borneo, their belief as to albinoes, v.
91 ; their use of puppets as substitutes
for living persons, viii. 100 sq. Olofaet, a fire-god, in Namoluk, xi. 295 Olonetz, the Government of, in Russia,
collective suicide in, iv. 45 n.1 ; festival
of the dead in, vi. 75 Olori, a guardian spirit of the Yorubas,
iii. 252 Oltscha (Orotchis?), their bear-feast, viii.
197*.*
Olympia, home of Xenophon near, i. 7 ; Mount Cronius at, i. 46 «.4; the sacred white poplar of Zeus at, ii. 220, xi. 90 n.1, 91 n.7 ; Endymion at, ii. 299, iv. 90 ; tomb of Endymion at, ii. 299, iv. 287 ; Pelops and Hip- podamia at, ii. 299 sq.t iv. 91 ; races for the kingdom at, ii. 299 sq. , iv. 90, 90 sq. ; ram annually sacrificed to Pelops at, ii. 300, viii. 85 ; sacred precinct of Pelops at, ii. 300, iv. 287 ; Oenomaus at, ii. 300, iv. 91 ; chariot- races at, ii. 300, iv. 90 sq. ; worship of Thunderbolt Zeus at, ii. 361 ; girls' race at, iv. 91 ; image of Zeus at, iv. 91 ; victor's wreath of olive at, iv. 91, vi. 240; the sacred olive at, iv. 91, vi. 240, xi. 80 «.8; the quack Pere- grinus burns himself at, v. 181 ; rule as to cutting olive branches to form the victors' crowns at, vi. 240, xi. 80 ».8 ; festival of Cronus at, ix. 352 sq.
Olympiads based on the octennial cycle, iv. 90; mode of calculating the, vii. 80; beginning of reckoning by, vii. 8a
Olympic cycleof four or eight years, vii. 80
festival, death of Peregrinus by fire
at the, iv. 42 ; based on the octennial cycle, iv. 89 sq.t vi. 242 n.1 \ based on astronomical, not agricultural con- siderations, iv. 105
games, iv. 105, vii. 80, 86 ; said
to have been founded in honour of Pelops, iv. 92
stadium, the, iv. 287
victors regarded as embodiments of
Zeus, iv. 90 sq. , or of the Sun and Moon, iv. 91, 105
Olympus, Mount, in Cyprus, iv. 81, v. 32
Mount, at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240
Olynthiac, river in Macedonia, fish in the, ix. 142 n.1
Olynthus, tomb of, ix. 143 n.
Omagua Indians of Brazil, their belief in the influence of the Pleiades on human destiny, vii. 309
Omaha hunters cut out tongues of slain buffaloes, viii. 269
Indians, of North America, their
rain-making, i. 249 ; their charm to start a breeze, i. 320 ; customs as to murderers among the, iii. 187 ; names of relations by marriage tabooed among the, iii. 338 ; effeminate men among the, vi. 255 sq. ; their belief as to boils caused by eating a totem animal, viii. 25 ; the Elk clan among the, viii. 29, x. ii ; the Reptile clan among the, viii. 29 ; their belief in the assimilation of men to their guardian animals, viii. 207 ; their mutilation of men killed by lightning, viii. 272 ; their women secluded at menstruation, x. 88 sq.
Omanos at Zela, ix. 373 n.1 Omen, beasts and birds of, viii. 143
birds in Borneo, iii. no; stories
of their origin, iv. 126, 127 sq.
Omens, homoeopathic magic to annul evil omens, i. 170-174 ; from chicken bones, ii. 70; reliance on, iii. no; from observation of the sky, iv. 58 ; drawn from pig's liver, vii. 97 ; from boiling milk, viii. 56, xi. 8 ; mode of neutralizing bad, ix. 39 ; from birds and beasts, x. 56 ; from the smoke of bon- fires, x. 116, 131, 337 ; from flames of bonfires, x. 140, 142, 159, 165, 336,
337 ; from cakes rolled down hill, x. 153 ; from intestines of sheep, xi. 13
of death, xi. 54, 64
of marriage drawn from Midsummer
bonfires, x. 168, 174, 178, 185, 189,
338 sq. ; from flowers, xi. 52 sq. , 61 Omnipresence of demons, ix. 72 sqq. Omo River, custom of strangling first- born children among tribes on the, iv. 181, 182
GENERAL INDEX
399
Omonga, a rice-spirit who lives in the
moon, vi. 139 n. Omphale and Hercules, ii. 281 sg.t v.
182, vi. 258, ix. 389 Omumborombonga (Combretum primi- genum), the sacred tree of the Herero, ii. 213 sq., 218, 219 sq.t 233 Omuongo tree, ceremony performed by the Ovambo before partaking of its fruit, viii. 71
Ommuapu tree (Grevia spec.}, used by the Herero as a substitute for their sacred tree, ii. 219 On or Aun, King of Sweden, iv. 57, 160
sq., 1 88. See also Aun Onaght, in the Aran Islands, the rag
well at, ii. 161 One shoe on and one shoe off, iii. 311
sqq.
One-eyed buffoon in New Year cere- mony, ix. 402
Ongtong Java Islands, ceremony at the
reception of strangers in the, ni. 107 sq.
Onit the king of Ife, in West Africa,
i. 365, iv. 204 n. Onions used to foretell weather of the
year, ix. 323
Onitsha, on the Niger, the king of, con- fined to his house, iii. 123 ; ceremony at eating the new yams at, viii. 58 ; sham funeral at, viii. 98 sq. ; annual expulsion of evils at, ix. 133 ; use of human scapegoats at, ix. 210 sq. Onktehi, the great spirit of the waters
among the Dacotas, xi. 268, 269 Onstmettingen, in Swabia, the Sow at
threshing at, vii. 299 Oodeypoor, in Rajputana, gardens of
Adonis at, v. 241 sq. Ooloo-Ayar Dyaks observe taboos after
building a new house, ii. 40 Opening, special , made to carry out the
corpses of childless women, i. 142 Opening everything in house to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296 sq.
the eyes and mouth of the dead,
Egyptian funeral rite, vi. 15
of the Wine-jars, Dionysiac festival
of the, ix. 352
Operations of husbandry regulated by
observation of the moon, vi. 133 sqq.
Opheltes, Nemean games celebrated in
honour of, iv. 91 ; his grave at Nemea,
iv. 93
Ophites, the, on the Holy Ghost as
feminine, iv. 5 «.8 Opis, a Hyperborean maiden, i. 33 ; a
name of Artemis, i. 34 n. Opium made by the Wild Wa of Burma,
vii. 242
Opossum, imitation of, as a homoeo- pathic charm, i. 155 sq.
Opprobrious language levelled at goddess to please her, i. 280
Ops, the wife of Saturn, vi. 233; in relation to Consus, vi. 233 n.9
Oracles given by king as representative of the god, i. 377 ; given by inspired priests, i. 377 sqq. ; given by the spirits of dead kings, vi. 167, 171, 172 ; given by men who are inspired by the spirits of crocodiles, lions, leopards, and serpents, viii. 213
Oracular oaks in ancient Prussia, ii. 43 ; oak at Dodona, ii. 358, xi. 89 sq.
spring at Dodona, ii. 172
springs, iv. 79 sq.
trees among the Lithuanians, ii. 9
Oran, bathing at Midsummer in, x. 216
Orang-glai, the, of Indo-China, use a special language in searching for eagle- wood, iii. 404
Orange River, the Corannas of the, xi. 192
Oraons or Uraons of Bengal, their spring festival of sal flowers at the marriage of the Sun and Earth, ii. 76 sq. , 94, 148, v. 46 sqq. ; gardens of Adonis among the, v. 240 ; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 59 ; human sacrifices for the crops among the, vii. 244 sq. ; their offerings of first- fruits to the Sun, viii. 117 ; their belief in demons, ix. 92 sq. ; their use of a human scapegoat, ix. 196 ; their belief as to the transformation of witches into cats, xi. 311 sq.
Orbigny, A. d', on the superstitions of the Yuracares as to the making of pottery, ii. 204 ; on division of labour between men and women among the American Indians, vii. 120 ; on the American Indian practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 12 sq.
Orchard, mock marriage before partaking of the fruits of a new, ii. 26, 101
Orchards, fire applied to, on Eve of
Twelfth Day, ix. 317, 319, 320 Orchha, the Rajah of, celebrates annually the marriage of the Salagrama to the holy basil, ii. 27
Orchomenus in Arcadia, kingly govern- ment at, i. 47
in Boeotia, human sacrifice at, iv.
163 sq.
Orcus, Roman god of the lower world, his marriage celebrated by the pontiffs, vi. 231
Ordeal of battle among the Umbrians, ii. 321; by poison, fatal effects of, iv. 197; of chastity, v. 115 n.2 ; the poison, administered by young children, vii. 115 ; of stinging ants undergone by girls at puberty, x. 61,
4OO
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
and by young men, x. 62 sqq. ; of boil- ing resin, x. 311
Ordeals as an exorcism, x. 66 ; under- gone by novices at initiation among the Bushongo, xi. 264 sqq.
Order of nature, different views of the, postulated by magic and science, xi. 305 sq.
Oregon, the Salish Indians of, recovery of lost souls among, iii. 66 ; avoid- ance of the names of the dead among the Indians of, iii. 352
Orestes at Nemi, i. 10 sq.t 21 «.2, 24 ; the matricide, cleansed of his mother's murder at Troezen, i. 26 ; cured of his madness in Laconia, i. 161 ; ap- peases his mother's Furies by biting off his finger, iii. 166 w.2 ; pursued by his mother's Furies, iii. 188 ; polled his hair, iii. 287 ; flight of, iv. 213 ; at Castabala, v. 115 ; his purification by laurel and pig's blood, ix. 262
Organs of generation, effigies of male, vii. 12, 26, 29 ; male and female, cakes in shape of, vi 62
— , internal, of medicine-man, replaced by a new set at initiation, xi. 237, 238 sq.
Orgiastic rites of Cybele, v. 278
Orgies, sexual, as fertility charms, ii. 98 sqq.
Oriental mind untrammelled by logic, v.
4*.1
— religions in the West, v. 298 sqq. ; their influence in undermining ancient civilization, v. 299 sqq. ; importance attached to the salvation of the in- dividual soul in, v. 300
Origen, on the Holy Spirit, iv. 5 «.8 ; on the refusal of Christians to fight, v. 301 n.1 ', on Jesus Barabbas, ix. 420 n.1
Origin of Osiris, vi. 158 sqq. ; of agri- culture, vii. 128 sq. ; of astronomy, vii. 307 ; of death, savage tales of the, ix. 302 sqq. ; of fire, primitive ideas as to the, xi. 295 sq.
Orinoco, Banivas of the, x. 66
, Caribs of the, i. 134
, Guaraunos of the, x. 85
, Guayquiries of the, x. 85
, Indians of the, employ women to sow the seed, i. 141 sq. ; their way of procuring rain by means of the dead, i. 287 ; their use of frogs in a rain-charm, i. 292 ; their ceremony at an eclipse of the moon, i. 311 sq. \ blow sacred trumpets to make palm- trees bear fruit, ii. 24 ; their belief in the superior fertility of seeds sown by women, vii. 124 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 310 ; eat the hearts of their enemies to make them brave,
viii. 150 ; their treatment of the wild beasts which the hunters have killed, viii. 236 Orinoco, Piaroas Indians of the, viii. 285
, Tamanachiers of the, ix. 303
, Tamanaks of the, x. 61 ».3
Orion, the constellation, the soul of Horus in, iv. 5 ; appearance of, a signal for sowing, v. 290 sq. ; ob- served in Bali, vii. 314 sq. ; observed by the Battas of Sumatra, vii. 315 ; observed by the Kamtchatkans, vii.
3iS
Orion's belt, the constellation, observed by the natives of Bougainville Straits, vii. 313 ; observed by the Kamchat- kans, vii. 315, 315 n.5
sword and belt, the constellations,
observed by the Masai, vii. 317
Orissa, absence of gardens and fruit- trees on the Khurda estate in, i. 279 ; Queen Victoria worshipped as a deity in, i. 404 ; rice treated as a pregnant woman in, ii. 29; well where women obtain offspring in, ii. 160 ; the Chasas of, viii. 26
Orkney Islands, magic knots in the, iii. 302 ; chapel of St. Tredwells in the, ix. 29 ; transference of sickness by means of water in the, ix. 49
Orlagau, in Thuringen, " whipping with fresh green ' ' in the Christmas holi- days at, ix. 271
Ornament, external soul of woman in an ivory, xi. 156
Ornaments, amulets degenerate into, xi. 156 rc.2
Orne, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 185
Oro, Polynesian war god, iii. 69
, West African bogey, xi. 229
Orontes, Syrian women bathe in the, to procure offspring, ii. 160
Ororo, families of royal descent among the Shilluks, iv. 24
Orotchis, of Siberia, their theory of thunder, iii. 232 ; bear-festivals of the, viii. 197
Orpheus, prophet and musician, v. 55 ; the legend of his death, vi. 99
and the willow, xi. 294
Orpine (Sedum telephium] at Midsummer, x. 196 ; used in divination at Mid- summer, xi. 6 1
Orvieto, Midsummer fires at, x. 210
Orwell in Cambridgeshire, harvest custom at, v. 237 «.*
Osages, their mourning for their foes, in. 1 8 1
Oscans, the enemies of Rome, ix. 231
Oschophoria, vintage festival at Athens, vi. 258 n.9
GENERAL INDEX
401
Osculati, G. , on American Indian belief in transmigration, viii. 285
Osirian mysteries, the hall of the, at Abydos, vi. 108
Osiris threatened by magicians, i. 225 ; threat of a magician that he will name Osiris aloud, iii. 390 ; the mummy of, iv. 4 ; his body broken into fourteen pieces, iv. 32, vi. 129 ; identified with Adonis and Attis, v. 32, vi. 127 n. ; myth of, vi. 3 sqq. ; his birth, vi. 6, ix. 341 ; intro- duces the cultivation of corn and the vine, vi. 7, 97, 112; his violent death, vi. 7 sq. ; at Byblus, vi. 9 sq. , 22 sq. , 127 ; his body rent in pieces, vi. 10 ; the graves of, vi. 10 sq. ; his dead body sought and found by Isis, vi. 10, 50, 85 ; tradition as to his genital organs, vi. 10, 102 ; mourned by Isis and Nephthys, vi. 12 ; invited to come to his house, vi. 12, 47 ; restored to life by Isis, vi. 13 ; king and judge of the dead, vi. 13 sq. ; his body the first mummy, vi. 15 ; the funeral rites per- formed over his body the model of all funeral rites in Egypt, vi. 15 ; all the Egyptian dead identified with, vi. 16 ; his trial and acquittal in the court of the gods, vi. 17 ; represented in art as a royal mummy, vi. 18 ; specially as- sociated with Busiris and Abydos, vi. 1 8 ; his tomb at Abydos, vi. 18 sq. , 197 sq. ; his emblems the sceptre or crook and the scourge or flail, vi. 20, 108, 153 ; official festivals of, vi. 49 sqq. ; his sufferings displayed in a mystery at night, vi. 50 ; his festival in the month of Athyr, vi. 84 sqq. ; dramatic representation of his resur- rection in his rites, vi. 85 ; his images made of vegetable mould, vi. 85, 87, 90 sq.t 91 ; the funeral rites of, de- scribed in the inscription of Den- derah, vi. 86 sqq. ; his festival in the month of Khoiak, vi. 86 sqq. , 108 sq. \ his "garden," vi. 87 sq. ; ploughing and sowing in the rites of, vi. 87, 90, 96 ; the burial of, in his rites, vi. &8 ; the holy sepulchre of, under Persea- trees, vi. 88 ; represented with corn sprouting from his dead body, vi. 89, vii. 263 ; his resurrection depicted on the monuments, vi. 89 sq. ; as a corn-god, vi. 89 sqq. , 96 sqq. ; corn-stuffed effigies of, buried with the dead as a symbol of resurrection, vi. 90 sq.t 114; date of the celebration of his resurrection at Rome, vi. 95 n. l ; the nature of, vi. 96 sqq. ; his severed limbs placed on a corn-sieve, vi. 97 ; human sacrifices at the grave of, vi. 97, vii. 260 ; sug- gested explanations of his dismember-
ment, vi. 97, vii. 262 ; sometimes ex- plained by the ancients as a personifica- tion of the corn, vi. 107 ; as a tree-spirit, vi. 107 sqq. ; his image made out of a pine-tree, vi. 108 ; his backbone re- presented by the ded pillar, vi. 108 sq. ; interpreted as a cedar -tree god, vi. 109 n.1 ; his soul in a bird, vi. no ; represented as a mummy enclosed in a tree, vi. no, in ; obscene images of, vi. 112; as a god of fertility, vi. 112 sq. ; identified with Dionysus, vi. 113, 126 n.8, vii. 3, 32 ; a god of the dead, vi. 113 sq. ; universal popularity of his worship, vi. 114 ; interpreted by some as the sun, vi. 120 sqq. , reasons for rejecting this interpretation, vi. 122 sqq. ; his death and resurrection inter- preted as the decay and growth of vegetation, vi. 126 sqq. ; interpreted as the moon by some of the ancients, vi. 129 ; reigned twenty- eight years, vi. 129 ; his soul thought to be imaged in the sacred bull Apis, vi. 130; identified with the moon in hymns, vi. 131 ; represented wearing on his head a full moon within a crescent, vi. 131 ; distinction of his myth and worship from those of Adonis and Attis, vi. 158 sq. \ his dominant position in Egyptian religion, vi. 158 sq. ; the origin of, vi. 158 sqq. ; his historical reality asserted in recent years, vi. 160 n.1 \ his temple at Abydos, vi. 198 ; his title Khenti- Amend, vi. 198 «.2 ; compared to Charlemagne, vi. 199,; the question of his historical reality left open, vi. 199 sq. ; his death still mourned in the time of AthanasTus, vi. 217 ; his old type better preserved than those of Adonis and Attis, vi. 218; the cults of Adonis, Attis, Dionysus, and, vii. 214 ; perhaps the dead corn -spirit represented by human victims slain on the harvest-field, vii. 259 sqq. ; repre- sented in the form of Harpocrates, vii. 260 ; image of him perhaps annually thrown into the Nile as a rain-charm, vii. 262 sq. ; black and green, vii. 263 ; key to mysteries of, vii. 263 ; and the pig, viii. 24 sqq. ; his body mangled by Typhon, viii. 30 ; perhaps originally identified with the pig, viii. 31, 33 sq. ; in relation to sacred bulls, viii. 34 sqq. ; false graves of, viii. 100 ; one of his members eaten by a fish, viii. 264
Osiris, Adonis, Attis, their mythical simi- larity, v. 6, vi. 20 1
and Adonis, similarity between their
rites, vi. 127
and Dionysus, similarity between
their rites, vi. 127
402
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Osiris and Isis perhaps personated by
human couples, ix. 386
and Maneros, vii. 215
and the moon, vi. 129 sqq.
•• of the mysteries," vi. 89
Osiris-Sep, title of Osiris, vi. 87 Osnabriick, in Hanover, the Harvest- mother in, vii. 135
Ossa, Mount, and Olympus, iv. 81, vi. 240 Ossidinge district of the Cameroons, the
chief as fetish -priest in the, i. 349 Oster-Kappeln, in Hanover, the oak of
the Guelphs at, xi. 166 sg. Osterode, Easter bonfires at, x. 142 Ostia, fresco at, i. 16 Ostiaks or Ostyaks, sacred groves and
trees of the, ii. n ; their ceremonies
at killing bears, viii. 222 sq. Ostrich, ghost of, deceived, viii. 245 Ostrich-feather, king of Egypt supposed
to ascend to heaven on an, vi. 154,
iS5
Ostroppa, a Polish village, sacrifice for horses at, ii. 336 sq.
Ostyaks. See Ostiaks
Ot Danoms of Borneo, iheir precautions against strangers, lii. 103 ; killing demon in effigy among the, viii. 101 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 35 sq.
Otati tribe of Queensland, their treat- ment of girls at puberty, x. 38
Otho, the Emperor, suicide of, iv. 140 ; addicted to the worship of Isis, vi. 118 n.1
Ottawa or Otawa Indians, their way of calming a tempest, i. 321 ; tampering with a man's shadow among the, in. 78 ; drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 171 ; their totem clans, viii. 224, 225 n.1 ; their reason for not burning fish bones, viii. 250
— — medicine-man, his mode of catch- ing stray souls, iii. 45
Otter in rain-charm, i. 289
Otter's head, Aino custom as to eating, viii. 144
Otters, their bones not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 239
Otters' tongues torn out and worn as talismans, viii. 670
Ottery St. Mary's, the Boy Bishop at, ix.
337 •
Oude, burial of infants in, ix. 45
Oulad Abdi, Arab tribe of Morocco, prostitution practised by their women for the sake of the crops, v. 39 n.3
Ounce, tooth of, a charm against tooth- ache, i. 153 ; ceremony at killing an, viii. 235
" Our Ancestress," a Mexican goddess, ix. 289
" Our Mother among the Water, " Mexi- can goddess, ix. 278
Oura, ancient name of Olba, in Ciliciaj v. 148, 152
Ourfa, in Armenia, rain-making at, i. 276, 285
Ouwira, theory of earthquakes in, v. 199
Ovaherero, ii. 212 n.1, 213 ».a. Set Herero
Ovakuanjama, the, of South- West Africa, viii. 109. See Ovambo
Ovakumbi of Angola, their custom oi placing stones in trees, i. 318 #.6
Ovakuru (singular omukuru) ancestors, among the Herero, ii. 221, 223
Ovambo or Ovakuanjama of Germar South -West Africa, use of magica images among the, i. 63 ; theii contagious magic of footprints, i. 209 sq. ; pass new-born children through the smoke of fire, ii. 232 n. * ; fire carried before an army tc battle among the, ii. 264 ; purifica- tion of man -slayers among the, iii. 176 ; custom as to circumcision among the, iii. 227 ; their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 142 ; worship of the dead among the, vi. 188, viii. 109 sq. ; theii ceremony before partaking of the fruit* of a certain tree, viii. 71 ; eat the hearts of foes to make them brave, viii. 149 ; custom observed by young women at puberty among the, xi. 183
women, their custom at sowing
corn, ii. 46
Ovamboland, importance of rain in, viii. no sq.
Overshadowed, danger of being, iii. 82 sq.
Ovid, on the spring at Nemi, i. 4, 17 ; on the oak crown, ii. 176 sq. \ or the Roman use of whitethorn 01 buckthorn, ii. 191 ; on the Parilia, ii. 327 n.1 ', on loosening the hair, iii. 311 ; on the story of Pygmalion, v. 45 «.4 ; on the distinction between Ceres and the Earth Goddess, vii. 89 «.4 ; on the Roman festival of the dead in May, ix. 155 n.1
Owl in homoeopathic magic, i. 156 bird of Pallas, ii. 142 ».a; regarded as the guardian spirit of a tree, vi. in n.1; eyes of, eaten, to make eatei see in dark, viii. 144 sq. ; represented dramatically as a mystery, ix. 377 ; imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381
Owls not mentioned by their propei name, iii. 401 ; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 202; sex totem of women, xi. 217 ; called women's "sisters," xi. 218
Ox, man-slayers anointed with gall of.
GENERAL INDEX
403
Hi. 172, 175 ; purification by passing through the body of an, iii. 173 ; sub- stituted for human victim in sacrifice, v. 146 ; embodying corn-spirit, sacrificed at Athens, v. 296 sq. ; corn-spirit as, vii. 288 sqq. ; killed on harvest field, vii. 290 ; slaughtered at threshing, vii. 291 sq. ; sacrificed at the Bouphonia, viii. 5 ; as representative of the corn -spirit, viii. 9 sqq. , 34 ; effigy of, broken as a spring ceremony in China, viii. 10 sqq. ; sacrificed to boa-constrictor, viii. 290 ; disease transferred to, ix. 31 sq. \ burnt alive to stop a murrain, x. 301
Ox, black, in rain-making, i. 291, iii. 154 ; used in purificatory ceremonies after a battle, vi. 251 sq. ; Bechuana sacrifice of a, viii. 271
, hornless, in homoeopathic magic, i.
r5r
, white, sacrament of a, viii. 313 n.1
Ox -blood, bath of, iv. 201
-horns, external soul of chief in
pair of, xi. 156 -stall (Bucolium) at Athens, vii.
30^.
yoked Ploughing at Athens, vii. 31
Ox's knee not to be eaten by soldiers, i.
117 Oxen sacrificed for rain, i. 350, 352 ;
sacrificed instead of human beings,
iv. 166 n.l\ used in ploughing, vii.
129 a*.1; pledged on Eve of Twelfth
Day, ix. 319 Oxford, Child's Well at, ii. 161 ; Lords
of Misrule at, ix. 332 Oxfordshire, May garlands in, ii. 62,
62«.a Oyampis, the, of French Guiana, their
belief as to water-snakes, ii. 156 Oyo, kings of, among the Yorubas, put
to death, iv. 41 Ozieri, in Sardinia, St. John's festival at,
v. 244 ; bonfires on St. John's Eve at,
x. 209
Pacasmayu, in Peru, the temple of the moon at, vi. 138
Pachamamas, Earth- mothers, among the Peruvian Indians, vii. 173 n.
Pacific, oracular inspiration of priests in the Southern, i. 377 sq. ; human gods in the, i. 386 sqq.
Pacific Coast of North America, first salmon of the season treated with defer- ence by the Indians of the, viii. 253
Padams of 'Assam, their mode of re- covering a child lost in the forest, ii. 39
Paddy (unhusked rice), the Father and Mother of the, vii. 203 sq.
Paderborn, holy oak near, ii. 371
Padlocks as amulets, iii. 307
Padmavati, an Indian goddess, gardens of Adonis in her temple, v. 243
Padstow, in Cornwall, celebration of May Day, May-pole and Hobby Horse at, ii. 68
Padua, story of a were-wolf in, x. 309
Paestum, the ruins of, i. 236 n.1
Pagae, in ancient Greece, annual king- ship at, i. 46
Pagan origin of the Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), v. 249 sq.
Paganism and Christianity, their resem- blances explained as diabolic counter- feits, v. 302, 309 sq.
Pages, medicine-men, among the Indians of Brazil, i. 358
Paha, on the Gold Coast, sacred croco- diles at, xi. 210
Pains in back at reaping, goat-skin used as cure for, vii. 285
Paint-house, in which girls are secluded at puberty, ii. in
Painting bodies of manslayers, iii. 175, 178, 179, 180, 186 n.1 ; body of lion- killer, iii. 220
Paintings, prehistoric, of animals in caves, i. 87 n.1
Pairing dogs, stick that has beaten, thought to make women fruitful, ix. 264
Pais, E. , on Manius Egerius, i. 23 n.
Hats d/>t0i0aXi)j, a boy whose parents arc both alive, vi. 236 n.z
Pakambia, a rainy district of Celebes, the word for rain not to be mentioned in, iii. 413
Palaces, kings not allowed to leave their, iii. 122 sqq.
Palatinate, mimic contest between Sum- mer and Winter in the, iv. 254 sq.
, the Upper, trees asked for pardon
on being felled in, ii. 18 ; 'the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 72
Palatine Hill at Rome, sacred cornel-tree on the, ii. 10 ; the emperor's palace on the, ii. 176 ; grove of Vesta at foot of the, ii. 185 ; hut of Romulus on the, ii. 200
Palazzo degli Conservatori at Rome, ii. 142 «.2
Pale colour of negro children at birth, xi. 251 n.1, 259 «.2
Palenque in Central America, ruins of, t 48
Palenques, the, of South America, spare harmless animals which are not good for food, viii. 221
Palermo, drought at, i. 299 sq. ; ceremony of "Sawing the Old Woman" at Mid-Lent at, iv. 240
Pales, a pastoral Roman deity, ii. 326, 327. 328, 329, 348
404
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Palestine, rain -making in, i. 276 ; figs in, ii. 315 ; religious prostitution in, v. 58; date of the corn -reaping in, v. 232 n. ; wild boars in, viii. 31 sq. \ sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15
Palestinian Aphrodite, v. 304 n.
Palestrina, the harmonies of, v. 54
Palettes or plaques of schist in Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 n.3
Paley, F. A. , on the fodder of cattle in Southern Europe, ii. 328 n.1
Pallades, female consorts of Ammon, ii.
135
Palladius on the date of the artificial fer- tilization of fig-trees, ii. 314
Pallas, her olive-tree and owl, ii. 142 n.2
Pallas, P. S., on the slaughter of sheep and cattle among the Kalmucks, viii. 314 n.1
Pallegoix, Mgr., on the Siamese year, ix. 149 n.z
Pallene, daughter of Sithon, the wooing of, ii. 307
Palm-branches, blessed on Palm Sunday, in ceremonies to procure rain, i. 300 ; waved to drive off demons, ix. 260 ;z.8; children beatun with, on Palm Sunday, ix. 268 ; ashes of, mixed with seed at sowing, x. 121 ; stuck in fields to pro- tect them against hail, x. 144 ; (twigs of boxwood) burnt to avert a thunder- storm, xi. 30, 85 «.4
Sunday, churches swept on, i. 300 ;
custom in Wiirtemberg on, ii. 71 ; the branches consecrated on, used as a protection against witches, ii. 336 ; "Sawing the Old Woman" on, iv. 243 ; Russian custom on, ix. 268 ; palm-branches consecrated on, used to protect fields against hail, x. 144 ; boxwood blessed on, x. 184, xi. 30, 47 ; fern-seed used on, xi. 288
-tree, thought to ensure fertility to
barren women, ii. 51 ; ceremony at tapping a palm-tree for wine, ii. 100 sq. ; child's hair fastened to, iii. 276. See also Date-palm
— — trees as life-indices, xi. 161, 163, 164
wine offered to trees, ii. 15 ; cere- mony at felling a palm for, ii. 19
Palodes, announcement of the death of the Great Pan at, iv. 6
Palo/, sacred milkman of the Todas, i. 403 n.1 ; taboos observed by him, iii. 15 sq.
Palolo veridis, a sea-slug, its annual appearance in the Samoan sea, ix. 142 n.
Paloo, in Celebes, propitiation of the souls of slain enemies at, iii. 166
Paloppo, in Celebes, the regalia at, i,
363 sq. Palsy called the king's disease in Loango
i. 37i Pampa del Sacramento, Peru, earth
quakes in, v. 198 Pampas, bones of extinct animals in the
v. 158 Pamyles, an Egyptian, announcement o
the birth of Osiris to, vi. 6 Pan, dedication of Greek hunters to, i,
6 «.4; death of the Great, iv. 6 sq,
See also Pans Pan's image beaten by the Arcadians
ix. 256
Panaghia Aphroditessa at Paphos, v. 3* Panama, the Guarni Indians of, iii. 325 Panamara in Caria, worship of Zeus anc
Hera at, i. 29 Panathenaic festival, iv. 89 «.B
games at Athens, vii. 80
Pancakes in homoeopathic magic, i. 137
to be eaten on the eve of Twelftl
Night, ix. 241 ; to scald fiends 01
New Year's Eve, ix. 320 Panchalas, the king of the, father o
Draupadi m the Mahabharata, ii. 3o( Panda, king of Zululand, iii. 377
liberties taken with him by his sub
jects at the festival of first-fruits, viii
67, 68 Pandarus, tattoo marks of, in the sane
tuary of Aesculapius at Epidaurus, ix
47 sq. Pandharpur, in the Bombay Presidency
gardens of Adonis in temples at, v. 24; Pandion, king of Athens, son of Cecrops
the Eleusinian games founded in hi
reign, vii. 70 Panebian Libyans, their custom of cut
ting off the heads of their dead kings
iv. 202 Panes, annual bird -feast in the Acag
chemem tribe of California, viii. 170 Pangaeum, Mount, in Thrace, Kinj
Lycurgus torn to pieces at, i. 366 Pango, title signifying god, bestowed 01
the king of Loango, i. 396 Pani, son of Rengo, the Maori god c
sweet potatoes, viii. 133 Panionian festival, temporary king ap
pointed for the, i. 46 Pankas of South Mirzapur will not cal
certain animals by their proper names
iii. 402 Panku, a being who causes earthquakes
in New Guinea, v. 198 Panoi, the land of the dead, in Melanesia
viii. 97
Panopeus, in Phocis, the ruins of, vii. 4! Pans, rustic Greek deities, in relation t
goats, viii. i sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
405
Pantang, taboo among the Jakuns and Bmuas of the Malay Peninsula and the Dyaks of Borneo, hi. 405
Panther, ceremonies at the slaughter of a, among the Kayans of Borneo, iii. 219 ; king of Benin represented with whiskers of a, iv. 86
Panua, tribe of Khonds, vii. 245
Papa Westray, one of the Orkney Islands, cairn to which people add stones in, ix. 29
Paparuda, gipsy girl employed in rain- making ceremony, i. 273 sq.
Papas, a name for Attis, v. 281, 282
Paphlagonian belief that the god is bound fast in winter, vi. 41
Paphos in Cyprus, v. 32 sqq. \ sanctuary of Aphrodite at, v. 32 sqq. \ founded by Cinyras, v. 41
Papirius Cursor, L. , dedicates temple of Quirinus, ii. 182 n.1
Papuan and Melanesian stocks in New Guinea, xi. 239
Papuans, the, of Tumleo, their treatment of spilt blood and rags, i. 205 ; of Geel- vink Bay, their belief in the abduction of souls by a forest spirit, iii. 60 sq. ; of New Guinea believe the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241 ; of Finsch Haven unwilling to tell their names, iii. 329 ; of Doreh Bay in New Guinea, their fear in regard to children who resemble their parents, iv. 287 (288 in Second Impression) ; qf Ayambori in Dutch New Guinea, division of agricultural work between men and women among the, vii. 123 ; of Port Moresby and Motumotu districts, strong food to strengthen young lads among the, viii. 145 ; of the northern coast of New Guinea believe in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 295 ; their belief in demons, ix. 83 ; life-trees among the, xi. 163
Papyrus of Nebseni, vi. 112 ; of Nekht, vi. 112
Papyrus swamps, Isis in the, vi. 8
Paracelsus, a forerunner of science, vjii.
307
Paradoxurus, souls of dead in various species of, viii. 294
Paraguay, the Caingua Indians of, ii. 258 ; the Calchaquis Indians of, iii. 31 ; the Isistines Indians of, iii. 159 n. ; the Chiquites Indians of, iii. 250 n.1, viii. 241, xi. 226 n.1 ; the Abipones of, iii. 352, 360, vii. 308, viii. 140 ; the Payagua Indians of, iv. 12 sq. ; the Guaranis of, vii. 309 ; the Lengua Indians of, vii. 309 ; the Mocobis of, vii. 309 ; the Canelos Indians of, viii. 285
Parahiya, a tribe of Mirzapur, sacrifice to the evil spirits of trees, ii. 42
Paraka, in India, the people of, sup- posed to know the language of animals, viii. 146
Parallelism between witches and were- wolves, x. 315, 321
Paramatta, island, magical powers of chief in, i. 339
Parasitic mountain-ash (rowan) used to make the divining-rod, xi. 69 ; super- stitions about a, xi. 281 sq.
orchid growing on a tamarind,
ritual at cutting, xi. 81
plants, superstitions as to, ii. 250,
251 sq.
Pardon asked of tree at cutting it down, ii. 18, 19; of animal asked before killing it, viii. 183
Parem6svc*ra Bhuminatha (title of frog), prayer for rain to, i. 295, 295 n.1
Parents of twins believed to possess power of fertilizing plantain-trees, ii. 102 ; named after their children, iii. 33i sqq., 339
Parents-in-law, their names not to be pro- nounced, iii. 338, 339, 340, 341, 342
Parian chronicler, on the antiquity of the Eleusmian mysteries and games, vii. 70
Parigi, in Central Celebes, treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 188
Parilia, the, Roman festival of shepherds, ii. 123, 229, 273, 325 sqq. ; the shep- herd's prayer at, ii. 123, 327 ; flocks fumigated at, ii. 229, 327; Numa born on the, ii. 273, 325 ; shepherds leap over bonfires at, ii. 273, 327 ; sheep driven over fires at, ii. 327 ; offerings of milk and millet to Pales at, ii. 327 ; compared to the festival of St. George, ii. 330 sqq. , v. 308
Parinariutn^ a sacred tree in Busoga, iv.
215 Paris protected against dormice and
serpents, viii. 281 ; effigy of giant burnt
in summer fire at, x. 38 ; cats burnt
alive at Midsummer in, x. 39 Parivarams of Madura, their seclusion of
girls at puberty, x. 69 Parjanya, the ancient Hindoo god of
thunder and rain, i. 270, ii. 368 sq. ;
derivation of the name, ii. 367 «.3 Parjas, a tribe of the Central Provinces,
India, their ceremonial purification for
killing a sacred animal, viii. 27 sq. ;
their offerings of first-fruits to their
ancestors, viii. 119 Parker, Professor E. H. , on substitutes for
capital punishment in China, iv. 146 n.1 Parkinson, John, on custom of killing
chief after rule of three years among
the Yorubas, iv. 112 sq.
4o6
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Parkinson, R., on contagious magic in New Britain, i. 175 ; on the fear of demons in New Britain, ix. 83
Parky ns, Mansfield, on the Abyssinian festival of Mascal, ix. 133 sq.
Parnes, Mount, in Attica, lightning over, i- 33. & 301 J altar °f sign-giving Zeus on, ii. 360
Parr, Thomas, his great age, v. 55 sq.
Parricide, Roman punishment of, ii. no «.2; of Oedipus, ii. 115
Parrot, external soul of warlock in a, xi.
97 W*
and Punchkin, story of the, xi. 97 sq.
Parrot Island, in Guinea, human sacri- fices to river at, ii. 158 Parrot's feathers worn as a protection
against a ghost, iii. 186 n.1 ; eggs, a
signal of death, iv. 40 sq. Parrots, assimilation of men to, viii. 208 Parsee priests wear a veil over their
mouth, ii. 241 Parsees ascribe sanctity to fire kindled by
lightning, ii. 256 ; their customs as
to menstruous women, x. 85 Parsons, Harold G. , on custom of king
eating the heart of his predecessor, iv.
203 «.8 Parthe, the River, at Leipsic, effigy of
Death thrown into the, iv. 236 Partheniai, offspringof unmarried women
at Sparta, i. 36 n.2 Parthenon, sculptures in the frieze of the,
iv. 89 «.5; sculptures in the eastern
gable of the, iv. 89 «.5 Parthenos as applied to Artemis, i. 36 Parthia, prince of, his structure at Nemi,
i. 6 Parthian monarchs brothers of the Sun,
i. 417^. ; worshipped as deities, i. 418 Parti, name of an Elamite deity, ix. 367 Partition of spiritual and temporal power
between religious and civil kings, iii.
17 sqq. Partridge, C. , as to the election of a
king of Idah, ii. 294 «.2 ; as to sacied
chief on the Cross River, iii. 124 ; as to
human souls in fish, xi. 204 Partridge, transmigration of sinner into a,
viii. 299 Parvati or Isa, an Indian goddess, wife
of Mahadeva, v. 241 ; gardens of
Adonis in her worship, v. 242 • and Siva, marriage of the images
of, iv. 265 sq.
Paschal candle, x. 121, 122 n. , 125 Mountains, in Mlinsterland, Kaster
fires on the, x. 141 Pasicyprus, king of Citium, v. 50 «.a Pasiphae identified with the moon, iv. 72 — and the bull, iv. 71 and the Minotaur, vii. 31
Pasir, a district of eastern Borneo, treat- ment of the afterbirth in, i. 194
" Pass through the fire," meaning of the phrase as applied to the sacrifice of children, iv. 165 «.8, 172
Passage of flocks and herds over or between fires, ii. 327, x. 157, 285 (see further Cattle) ; over or through fire a stringent form of purification, xi. 24 ; through cleft trees as a cure, xi. 168 sqq. ; through cleft trees to get rid of spirits or ghosts, xi. 173 sqq. ; through a cleft stick after a funeral, xi. 175 sq. ; through narrow openings after a death, xi. 177 sqq. ; through an archway to escape from demons, xi. 179 ; through an archway as a cure or preventive of maladies, xi. i8oj^. ; through a cleft stick to get rid of sickness or ghosts, xi. 182 sq. ; through a cleft stick in connexion with puberty and circum- cision, xi. 183 sq. ; through hoops or rings as a cure or preventive of disease, xi. 184^^.; through holed stones as a cure, xi. 186 sqq. ; through narrow openings as a cure or preventive, xi. 190 ; through holes in the ground as a cure, xi. 190 sqq. ; through a yoke as a cure, xi. 192 ; under a yoke or arch as a rite of initiation, xi. 193 ; passage of Roman enemies under a yoke, xi, 193^^.; passage of victorious Roman army under a triumphal arch, xi. 195. See also Passing
Passes, Indian tribe of Brazil, drink the ashes of their dead as a mode of com- munion, viii. 157 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 59
Passes of mountains, cairns and heaps of sticks or leaves on, ix. 9 sqq. , 29
Passier, in Sumatra, kings of, put to death, iv. 51 sq.
Passing between the pieces of a sacrificial victim, i. 289, 289 n.4 ; between two fires as a purification, iii. 114; over fire to get rid of ghosts, xi. 17 sq. \ through cleft trees and other narrow openings to get rid of ghosts, etc. , xi. 173 sqq. ; under a yoke as a purifica- tion, xi. 193 sqq. See also Passage
children through cleft trees, xi. 168
sqq. \ children, sheep, and cattle through holes in the ground, xi. 190 sq.
Passover, tradition of the origin of the, iv. 174 sqq. ; accusations of murders at the, ix. 395 sq. ', the crucifixion of Christ at the, ix. 414 sqq. ; sacrifice of the first-born at, ix. 419
Paste kneaded with the blood of children in Peru, ix. 129
Pastern -bone of a hare in a populai remedy, x. 17
GENERAL INDEX
407
Pastoral peoples, their reverence for their
cattle, viii. 35, 37 sqq. — stage of society, the, viii. 35, 37
- tribes, animal sacraments among, viii. 313
Pastures fumigated at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, x. 170
Patagonia, acacia- tree worshipped in, ii. 1 6 ; funeral customs of Indians of, v. 294
Patagonian Indians, their charm to make a child a horseman, i. 152
Patagonians burn their loose hair for fear of witchcraft, Hi. 281 ; effeminate priests or sorcerers among the, vi. 254 ; their remedy for smallpox, ix. 122
Patani Bay, in Siam, the Malays of, their belief as to absence of soul in sleep, iii. 41 ; speak respectfully of tigers, iii. 404 ; Malay fishermen of, will not mention certain words at sea, iii. 408 ; Malay family of, will not kill crocodiles, viii. 212
- States, treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 194, xi. 164
Patara, in Lycia, Apollo at, ii. 135
Pataris of Mirzapur call bears by a special title in the morning, iii. 403 ; their use of scapegoats, ix. 192
Patches of unreaped corn left at harvest, vii. 233
Paternity, uncertainty of, a ground for a theological distinction, ii. 135; of kings a matter of indifference under female kinship, ii. 274 sqq., 282; primitive ignorance of, v. 106 sq. \ unknown in certain state of savagery, v. 282
- and maternity of the Roman deities, vi. 233 sqq.
Pathian, a beneficent spirit, among the
Lushais, ix. 94 Paths used by men forbidden to menstru-
ous women, iii. 145 ; separate, for men
and women, x. 78, 80, 89 Patiala, in the Punjaub, professed incar-
nation of Jesus Christ at, i. 409 sq. Patiko, in the Uganda Protectorate,
dread of lightning at, xi. 298 n.z » Patine", a Cingalese goddess, ix. 181 Patmos, the month of Cronion in, ix.
Paton, L. B., on the origin of Purim, ix. 360 n.1
Paton, W. R., on the names of Eleu- sinian priests, iii. 382 n,*t 383 n.1 ; on modern Greek Feast of All Souls in May, vi. 78 n.1 ; on human scapegoats in ancient Greece, ix. 257 sq.t 259, 272 ; on Adam and Eve, ix. 259 n.8 ; on the crucifixion, ix. 413 «.2 ; on the Golden Bough, xi. 319
Patrae, Laphrian Artemis at, v. 126 *.a;
Flowery Dionysus at, vii. 4 ; sanctuary ofDemeterat, vii. 89
Patriarch of Jerusalem kindles the new fire at Easter, x. 129
Patriarchal family at Rome, ii. 283
Patrician myrtle-tree at Rome, xi. 168
Patronymics not in use among the Tuaregs, iii. 353
Patschkau, precautions against witches near, xi. 20 n.
Paturages, processions with torches on the first Sunday in Lent at, x. 108
Pau Pi, an effigy of the Carnival, at Lerida in Catalonia, iv. 225
Paulicians of Armenia worship each other as embodiments of Christ, i. 407
Paunch of bullock tabooed as food, i. 119
Pauntley, parish of, in Gloucestershire, Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318
Pausanias, Greek antiquary, on the priest of Nemi, i, u j on Hippolytus at Troezen, i. 26 sq. ; on the offerings of the Hyperboreans, i. 33 «.4 ; his iden- tification of Pasiphae and the moon, iv. 72 ; on the necklace of Harmonia, v. 32 n. 2 ; on bones of superhuman size, v. 157 «.a ; on offerings to Etna, v. 221 «.4; on the Hanged Artemis, v. 291 #.2 ; on the bouphonia, viii.
5"-1 Patisanias, king of Sparta, funeral games
in his honour, iv. 94 Pawnee story of the external soul, xi. 151 Pawnees, their notion as to whirlwinds,
i. 331 n.'2', ritual flight of sacrificers
among the, ii. 309 n.'2 \ their use of
stone arrow-heads in sacrifices, iii. 228 ;
human sacrifices offered by the, at
sowing their fields, vii. 238 sq. , ix. 296,
xi. 286 «.a Paxos, Greek island, death of the Great
Pan announced at, iv. 6 Payaguas of South America, fight the
wind, i. 330; of Brazil, precaution as
to chief's spittle among the, iii. 290 ;
of Paraguay, their voluntary deaths,
iv. 12 sq. Payne, Bishop, on the Bodia of Siena
Leone, iii. 15 n.1 Payne, E. J. , on the worship of the frog
in America, i. 292 «.8; on the Incas
of Peru, i. 415 «.2 ; on the religious
aspect of early calendars, iv. 69 ».2;
on the origin of moon-worship, vi.
138 «.2; on Cinteotl, the Mexican
goddess of maize, ix. 286 n.1 Payne, J. H. , on the purification festival
of the Cherokees, ix 128 Pazzi family at Florence, fire -flints
brought by one of them from the
Holy Land, x. 126 Pea-mother, thought to be among the
408
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
peas, vii. 132 ; name given to wreath
made out of the last pea-stalks, vii. 135 Pea wolf, supposed to be caught in the
last peas of the crop, vii. 271 Peace, ceremony at making, among the
Ba-Yaka, iii. 274 Peace-making ceremony amongthe Masai,
ix. 139 n. Peach, Chinese emblem of longevity,
i. 169 n.1
Peach-tree, goitre transferred to a, ix. 54 wood, bows of, used to shoot at
demons, ix. 146, 213 ; staves of, used
at the expulsion of demons, ix. 213 Peacock, Miss Mabel, on a Lincolnshire
saying, ii. 231 Peacock, the bird of Hera, ii. 142 n.2 ;
Earth Goddess represented in the form
of a, vii. 248 n. 1 ; a totem of the Bhils,
viii. 29 ; transmigration of sinner into,
viii. 299
Peacock's feather in a charm, viii. 167 Peaiman, sorcerer, among the Indians of
Guiana, ix. 78 Peale, Titian R., as to the natives of
Bowdich Island, ii. 254 n.1 Pear-tree as protector of cattle, ii. 55 ; as
life-index of girl, xi 165 -trees, torches thrown at, on first
Sunday in Lent, x. 108 ; rarely attacked
by mistletoe, xi. 315 Pearls not to be worn by wives in the
absence of their husbands, i. 122 sq. ;
in homoeopathic magic, i. 174 Peas, boiled, distributed by young married
couples on first Sunday in Lent, x.
in n.1 Peas -cow, name given to thresher of
last peas, vii. 290 — — -pudding, taboo as to entering a
sanctuary after eating, viii. 85 pug, name given to cutter or
binder of last peas, vii. 272 Pease-bear, name given to the man who
gave the last stroke at threshing, viii.
327
Peat-bogs of Europe, ii. 350 sqq. Pebbles in rain-making, i. 305 ; thrown
into Midsummer fires, x. 183 Pechuyos, the, of Bolivia, ate the
powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157 Peg used to transfer disease to tree, ix. 7 Pegasus and Bellerophon, v. 302 n.4 Pegging ailments into trees, ix. 58 sqq. Pegu, dance of hermaphrodites in, v.
271 n. \ worship of nats in, ix. 96 Peguenches, Indian tribe of South
America, seclusion of girls at puberty
among the, x. 59
Peitho, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 n.1 Peking, the High Court of, i. 298; the
Colonial Office at, i. 412 sq. ; Ibn
Batuta at, v. 289 ; life -tree of the Manchu dynasty at, xi. 167 sq.
Peking Gazette, i. 355, iv. 274, 275
Pele", goddess of the volcano Kirauea in Hawaii, v. 217 sqq.
Peleus, son of Aeacus, reigned in Phthia, ii. 278
Pelew Islanders, pray tree-spirit to leave tree which is to be felled, ii. 35 ; their system of mother -km, vi. 204 sqq. ; predominance of goddesses over gods among the, vi. 204 sqq. ; customs of the, vi. 253 sqq. ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 293; their gods, ix. 81 sq.
Islands, human gods in the, i. 389 ;
special terms used with reference to persons of the blood-royal in the, i. 401 n.3 ; removal of fire from a house after a death in the, ii. 267 rc.4; seclusion and purification of man-slayers in the, iii. 179 ; continence of fishermen in the, iii. 193 ; taboos observed by relations of murdered man in the, iii. 240 ; story of the type of Beauty and the Beast in the, iv. 130 n.1 ; and the ancient East, parallel between, vi. 208 ; prostitution of unmarried girls in the, vi. 264 sq. ; custom of slaying chiefs in the, vi. 266 sqq. ; deceiving the ghost of woman who has died in childbed in the, viii. 96
Pelias and Jason, ni. 311
Pelion, Mount, sacrifices offered on the top of, at the rising of Sirius, vi. 36 n.
Pellene, Artemis at, i. 15 ».4
Pelopidae, the, migrations of, ii. 279
Peloponnese, May Day in, ii. 143 «.2; worship of Poseidon in, v. 203
Pelops succeeded his father-in-law on the throne, ii. 279 ; Olympic games founded in his honour, iv. 92 ; restored to life, v. 181, viii. 263 ; his ivory shoulderr viii. 263 sq.
at Olympia, ii. 300, iv. 104, xi.
90 n.1 ; sacred precinct of, ii. 300, iv. 104, 287 ; black ram sacrificed to, iv. 92, 104, viii. 85
and Hippodamia, at Olympia, ii.
299 sq., iv. 91
Pelona, a Thessalian festival resembling
the Saturnalia, ix. 350 Pelorian Zeus, ix. 350 Peltophorum africanum, Sond. , branches
of the tree used at sowing corn, ii. 46 P email, taboo, among the Dyaks, ix. 39 Pemba, island off German East Africa,
xi. 263 Pembrokeshire, the last sheaf called the
Hag in, vii. 142 sqq.', "cutting the
neck" at harvest in, vii. 267 ; hunting
the wren in, viii. 320 ; cure for warts
in, ix. 53
GENERAL INDEX
409
Penance obsened after building a new house, ii. 40 ; for killing a boa-con- strictor, id. 222 ; for the slaughter of the dragon, iv. 78 ; by drawing blood from ears, ix. 292
Penates, the, Roman gods of the store- room (penus], ii. 205 sq.
Pendle, gathering of witches at Hallow- e'en in the forest of, x. 245
Penelope won by Ulysses in a race, ii. 300
Peneus, the river, atTempe, iv. 81, vi. 240
"Penitential of Theodore" on the cus- tom of wearing cows' hides on New Year's Day, viii. 323 n. 1
Pennant, Thomas, on knots at marriage in the Highlands of Scotland, iii. 300 nn. l and 2 ; on the custom of kindling twelve fires on Twelfth Day in Glouces- tershire, ix. 321 ; on weather forecasts for the year in the Highlands of Scot- land, ix. 324 ; on Beltane fires and cakes in Perthshire, x. 152 ; on Hal- lowe'en fires in Perthshire, x. 230
Pennefather River in Queensland, belief as to reincarnation among the natives of the, i. 99 sq. ; beliefs as to the after- birth among the natives of the, i. 183 sq. ; belief of the natives as to the birth of children, v. 103 ; treatment of girls at puberty on the, x. 38 ; effigies of strangers among the natives of the, xi. 159
Pennyroyal, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries flavoured with.vn. 161 n.4", burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213, 214 ; gathered at Midsummer, xi.
Si
Pentamerone, tlie. story of dragon twin
in, xi. 105 Pentateuch, evidence of moral evolution
in the, iii. 219 Pentheus, king of Thebes, torn to pieces
by the Bacchanals, vi. 98, vii. 24, 25 Penza, Government of, in Russia, the
" Funeral of Kostroma " in, iv. 262 Penzance, horn-blowing at, on the eve of
May Day, ix. 163 sq. ; Midsummer
fires at, x. 199 sq. Peoples said to be ignorant of the art of
kindling fire, ii. 253 sqq. • of the Aryan stock, annual festivals
of the dead among the, vi. 67 sqq. Peperuga, girl dressed in greenery at rain- making ceremony in Bulgaria, i. 274 Pepi the First, king of Egypt, vi. 5 ; his
pyramid, vi. 4 n.1 Pepper rubbed into bodies of sufferers as
a cure or exorcism, iii. 106 ; rubbed
into eyes of strangers, iii. 114 — and salt, abstinence from, during
fasts, i. 266, ii. 98 Pepys, Samuel, on Charles II. touchiqg
VOL. XII
for scrofula, i. 369 ; on the milkmaids' dance on May Day, ii. 52 ; on the coronation ceremony .of Charles the Second, ii. 322
Perak, Malay superstition as to toallong trees in, ii. 41 ; superstition as to blood- sucking snail in, iii. 81 sq. \ belief as to the Spectral Huntsman in, iv. 178 ; periodic expulsion of evils in, ix. 198 sqq. ; the rajah of, ix. 198 sq.
Perasia, Artemis, at Castabala, v. 115, 167 sqq. ; walk' of her priestesses over fire, v. 115, 168
Perche, in France, homoeopathic cure for vomiting in, i. 83 sq. \ Midsummer fires in, x. 188 ; St. John's herb gathered on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 46 ; the Chine" Dortm, xi. 287 n.1
and Beauce, treatment of the navel- string in, i. 198. See Beauce
Perchta, Frau, a mythical old woman in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland, ix. 240 sq,
Perchta's Day, Twelfth Night or the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 240, 242, 244
Perchten, maskers in Salzburg and the Tyrol, ix. 240, 242 sqq.
Percival, R., on the fear of demons in Ceylon, ix. 94 sq.
Perdoytus, the Lithuanian wind -god (reported), i. 326 ».5
Peregrinus, his death by fire at Olympia, iv. 42, v. 181
Perforating arms and legs of young men, girls, and dogs as a ceremony, x. 58
Perga in Pamphylia, Artemis at, v. 35
Pergamus, Aesculapius and Telephus at, viii. 85
Pergine, in the Tyrol, fern-seed on St. John's Night at, xi. 288 «.8
Pergrubius, a Lithuanian god of the spring, ii. 347 sq.
Perham, Rev. J. , on the blighting effect which the Dyaks ascribe to adultery, ii. 109 n.1 ; on the Head-feast of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 383 sq.
Periander, tyrant of Corinth, his burnt sacrifice to his dead wife, v. 179
Penepetam in Southern India, devil- dancer at, i. 382 «.2
Pengord, roiling in dew on St. John's Day in, v. 248 ; the Yule log in, x. 250 sq. , 253 ; magic herbs gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 46 ; crawling under a bramble as a cure for boils in, xi. 1 80
Perils of the soul, iii. 26 sqq.
Perinthus, the month of Cronion in, ix.
3S1 *•* Periodic expulsion of evils in a material
vehicle, ix. 198 sqq. Periods of licence preceding or following
2 D
4io
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
the annual expulsion of demons, ix. 225 sq.
Penphas, king of Athens, called Zeus by his people, ii. 177
HepL\l/r}iJ,a, " offscouring, " applied to human scapegoat, ix. 255 w.1
Peritius, month of, festival of ' ' the awakening of Hercules" in the, v. in
Perkunas or Perkuns, the Lithuanian god of thunder and lightning, ii. 365 sqq. \ derivation of his name, ii. 367 ».3 ; his perpetual fire, xi. 91 «.6
Permanence of simpler forms of religion, viii. 335 ; of the belief in magic and witch- craft, in ghosts and demons, under the higher forms of religion, ix. 89 sq.
Permanent possession of human beings by deities, i. 386 sq.
PeVonne, mugwort at Midsummer near, xi. 58
Perperia, appealed to for rain by the Greeks of Thessaly and Macedonia, i. 273
Perpetual holy fire in temples of dead kings, vi. 174
— fires worshipped, v. igisqq. ; origin of the custom of maintaining, 11. 253 sqq. ; associated with royal dignity, ii. 261 sqq. See also Fires
Perros-Guirec, in Brittany, Renan's home near, ix. 70
Perrot, G., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 138 «.
Persea-trees in the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 «.6 ; growing over the tomb of Osiris, vi. 88
Persephone, mother of Zagreus by Zeus, vii. 12 ; carried off by Pluto, vii. 36, viii. 19 ; a personification of the corn, vii. 39 sq. \ in Greek art, vii. 43 sq. , 67 sq. , viii. 88 sq. ; the descent of, vii. 46, viii. 17 ; the Corn Maiden or Corn Daughter, vii. 53, 58 sq. , 75, 184 ; associated with the ripe ears of corn, viii. 58 ; forty days of mourning for, ix. 348 sq.
- name applied to spring, vi. 41
and Aphrodite, their contest for
Adonis, v. ii sq.
and Demeter, vii. 35 sqq. ; their
myth acted in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 39, 187 sq. ; as a double personi- fication of the corn, vii. 209 sqq.
and Pluto, viii. 9 ; temple of, v.
205 ; rustic prototypes of, viii, 334
Perseus in Egypt, iii. 312 «.2 ; the virgin
birth of, v. 302 ».4
and Andromeda, ii. 163
and the Gorgon, iii. 312
Persia, temporary kings in, iv. 157 sqq. ;
cure for toothache in, ix. 59 ; the feast
of Purim in, ix. 393
Persian calendar, the oldest, March the first month of the year in, ix. 402
ceremony, "Ride of the Beardless
One," ix. 402
charm to make the wind blow, \.
320
fire-worship and priests, v. 191
framework of the book of Esther,
ix. 362, 401
kings, sacred fire carried before,
ii. 264 ; their custom at meals, iii. 119 ; their heads cleaned once a year, iii. 253 ; married the wives of their predecessors, ix. 368 n.1
Persians sacrifice horses to the sun, i. 315 ; their reverence for fire, v. 174 sq. ; their festival of the dead, vi. 68 ; annually expel demons, ix. 145 ; the Sacaea celebrated by the, ix. 402 ; their marriages at the vernal equinox, ix. 406 «.3 ; celebrate a festival of fire at the \vinter solstice, x. 269
Personation of gods by priests, v. 45, 46 sqq.] by human victims, ix. 275 sqq.
Personification of abstract ideas not primitive, iv. 253 ; of corn as mother and daughter, vii. 130, 207 sqq.
Person's destiny bound up with his navel- string or afterbirth, i. 198
Persons thought to influence and to be influenced by plants homoeopathically, i. 139 j^., 144^^.; tabooed, iii. 131 sqq. ; wrapt in corn as representatives of the corn-spirit, vii. 225 sq.
Perthshire, custom of unloosing knots at marriage in, iii. 299 sq. \ the harvest Maiden in, vii. 156 sq. ; Beltane fires and cakes in, x. 152 sq. ; traces of Midsummer fires in, x. 206 ; Hallow- e'en bonfires in, x. 230 sqq. ; need-fire in, x. 296 sq.
Peru, theocratic despotism of ancient, i. 218 ; sacred new fire at the summer solstice in, ii. 243, x. 132 ; earthquakes in, v. 202 ; sacrifice of sons in, vi. 220 «.4 ; autumn festival in, ix. 262
, the Aymara Indians of, i. 292, iii.
97, ix. 193
, the Cholones of, i. 116
, the Conchucos of, viii 258 n.1
, the Conibos of, ii. 183 «.2
, the Incas of, i. 196, ii. 243 sq.t ix.
128 ; claim to be descended from the sun, i. 415. See also Incas
, Indians of, ceremony to obtain
offspring among the, i. 71 ; their charm to cause sleep, i. 148; their magical stones for the increase of maize, potatoes, and cattle, i. 162 ; their belief as to the relation of twins to \ rain and the weather, i. 265 sqq. ; their
GENERAL INDEX
411
way of making sunshine, i. 314 ; their festival to make alligator pears ripen, ii. 98 ; their women pray to the moon for an easy delivery, ii. 128 «.2 ; their custom of marrying a girl to a sacred stone, ii. 146 ; no fire in their houses after a death, ii. 268 n. \ their belief as to washing their heads, iii. 253 ; pre- served their cut hair and nails against the resurrection, iii. 279 sq. \ their custom of sprinkling blood on door- ways, iv. 176 n.1 } sacrifice of children among the, iv. 185 ; cultivation of fields left to women among the, vii. 122 ; their worship of the Pleiades, vii. 310 ; worshipped whales and fish of several kinds, viii. 249 sq. ; washed their sins away in a river, ix. 3 sq. See also Peruvian and Peruvians
Peru, the Piros Indians of, viii. 286
, the Sencis of, i. 311
, the Yuracares of, ii. 183 u.2
Perun, the thunder-god of the Slavs, ii. 365, vii. 233 ; sacrifice of first-born children to, iv. 183 ; the oak sacred to, xi. 89
Peruvian Andes, i. 316
Indians, their use of magical images,
i. 56 ; their rain-charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290 ; their preparation for office, iii. 159 n. ; confession of sins among the, iii. 216 ».a ; their custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63 n.1 ; their theory of earthquakes, v. 201 ; transfer weariness to heaps of stones, ix. 9 ; their offerings at cairns, ix. 27
Vestals, ii. 243 sqq.
Peruvians, division of agricultural labours between the sexes among the, vii. 120 ; their customs as to Mother of Maize, the Quinoa-mother, the Coca-mother, and the Potato-mother, vii. 171 sqq.
Pescara River, in the Abruzzi, washing in the, on St. John's Day, v. 246
Pescina, in the Abruzzi, Midsummer custom at, v. 246
Pessinus, priestly kings at, i. 47 ; image of Cybele at, v. 35 «,8 ; priests called Attis at, v. 140 ; local legend of Attis at, v. 264 ; image of the Mother of the Gods at, v. 265 ; people of, abstain from swine, v. 265 ; high-priest of Cybele at, v. 285 ; high-priest perhaps slain in the character of Attis at, vii. 255
Pessnitz, in the district of Dresden, thresher of last corn called the Bull at, vii. 291
Peter of Dusburg, his Chronicle of Prussia, ii. 366 ».2
Petrarch at Cologne on St. John's Eve, v. 247 sq.
Petrie, Professor W. M. Flinders, on the date of the corn-reaping in Egypt and Palestine, v. 231 ».8 ; on the Sed festival, vi. 151 n.9, 152 «.8, 154 sq. ; on the marriage of brothers with sisters in Egypt, vi. 216 n.1
Petrified cascades of Hierapolis, v. 207
Petroff, Ivan, on a custom of the Koniags of Alaska, vi. 106
Petronius on prayers to Jupiter for rain, ii. 362 ; as to the soul in the nose, iii. 33 n.8 ; on human scapegoats at Mar- seilles, ix. 253 «.2 ; his story of the were- wolf, x. 313 sq.
Pett, Grace, a Suffolk witch, x. 304
Petworth, in Sussex, cleft ash-trees used for the cure of rupture at, xi. 170
Peucedanum leiocarpum^ hog's wort, burnt as an offering to salmon, viii.
254 Pfeiffer, Madame, her reception among
the Battas, iii. 104 Pfingstl, a Whitsuntide mummer, iv. 206
sq. , 211
Phaedra and Hippolytus, i. 19, 25 Phalaris, the brazen bull of, iv. 75 Phalgun, an Indian month, equivalent to
February, ii. 51, xi. 2 Phamenoth, an Egyptian month, vi. 49
n.1, 130 Phaophi, an Egyptian month, vi. 49 n.lt
94 Pharmacus, mythical personage, said to
have been stoned to death, ix. 254 n.1 Pharnace, daughter of Megassares, v. 41 Phatrabot, a Cambodian month, vi. 61 Phaya Phollathep, "Lord of the Heavenly
Hosts," temporary king in Siam, iv.
149 Phees (phi), evil spirits, in Siam, ix. 97,
98
Pheneus, lake of, ii. 8 Pherecydes, on the marriage of Zeus and
Hera, ii. 143 n.1 ; on the voluntary
self-sacrifice of Phrixus, iv. 163 n.1 Phi, Siamese genii, iii. 90. See also
Phees Phidias, his influence on Greek religion,
v. 54 n.1 Phigalia in Arcadia, sacrifice of hair at,
i. 31 ; the cave of Demeter at, viii.
21, 22 n. ; horse-headed Demeter of,
viii. 21, 338 Philadelphia*, in Lydia, subject to
earthquakes, v. 194 sq. ; coin of, ix.
389
Philae, Egyptian relief at, vi. 50 ».8; sculptures illustrating the mystic history of Osiris in the temple of Isis at, vi. 89, in ; the grave of Osiris at, vi. 1 1 1 ; the dead Osiris in the sculptures at, vi. 112
412
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Philip and James, the Apostles, feast of,
x. 158 Philip Augustus, king of France, and the
privilege of St. Romain at Rouen, ii.
165
Philippine Islanders believe the souls of their ancestors to be in certain trees, ii. 29 sq.
... Islands, the Tagalogs of the, ii. 1 8 sq. ; the Tagales of the, ii. 36 ; the Bagobos of the, iii. 31, 315, vii. 240, viii. 124 ; the Agu- tainos of the, iii. 144 ; verbal taboos observed by natives of the, iii. 416 ; grave of the Creator in the, iv. 3 ; human sacrifices before sowing in the, vii. 240 ; head-hunting in the, vii. 240 sq. , 256 ; the Efugaos of the, viii. 152 ; the Italones of the, viii. 152 ; the Igorrots of the, viii. 292 ; the Negritos of the, ix. 82 ; spirits of the dead in the, ix. 82 ; the Tagbanuas of the, ix. 189
Philistines, the foreskins of the, coveted by the Israelites, i. 101 n.2 ; their corn burnt by Samson, vii. 298 n. ; their charm against mice, viii. 281, 283
Philo of Alexandria (Judaeus), his doc- trine of the Trinity, iv. 6 n. ; on the date of the corn-reaping, v. 231 «.3 ; on the mockery of King Agrippa, ix. 418
Philo of Byblus, on the sacrifice of kings' sons among the Semites, iv. 166, 179
Philocalus, ancient Roman calendar of, v- 303 »-2i 304 #.3, 307 n. , vi. 95 n.1
Philochorus, Athenian antiquary, on the date of the Festival of the Threshing- floor, vii. 62
Philosophy as a solvent of religion, ii. 377 ; primitive, iii. 420 sq.
, school of, at Tarsus, v. 118
Philostephanus, Greek historian, on Pyg- malion and Aphrodite, v. 49 «.4
Philostratus, on death at low tide, i. 167 ; on sacrifice to Hercules, i. 282 n.1
Phlius, gilt image of goat at, vii. 17 sq.
Phocaeans, dead, propitiated with games, iv. 95
Phocylides, the poet, on Nineveh, ix.
390
Phoenicia, song of Linus in, vii. 216 Phoenician kings in Cyprus, v. 49 temples in Malta, v. 35 ; sacred
prostitution in, v. 37
vintage song, vii. 216, 257
Phoenicians, their custom of human
sacrifice, iv. i66sg., 178, 179
in Cyprus, v. 31 sq.
Phong long, ill luck caused by childbirth
in Annam, iii. 155
Phosphorescence of the sea, superstitions
as to the, ii. 154 sq. Photius, on Lityerses, vii. 217 n.1 Photographed or painted, supposed
danger of being, iii. 96 sqq. Phrixus and Helle, the children of King
Athamas, iv. 161 sqq. Phrygia, Attis a deity of, v. 263 ; festival
of Cybele in, v. 274 n. ; indigenous
race of, v. 287; Lityerses in, vii. 216
sq. ; Cybele and Attis in, ix. 386 Phrygian belief that the god sleeps in
winter, vi. 41
cap of Attis, v. 279
cosmogony, v. 263 sq.
kings named Midas and Gordias, v.
286
moon-god, v. 73
priests named Attis, v. 285, 287
Phrygians, invaders from Europe, v.
287 Phyllanthus emblica worshipped by a
forest tribe in India, viii. 119 Physical basis of magic, i. 174 sq. ; for
the theory of an external soul, i. 201 Piaroas Indians of the Orinoco, their
belief in the transmigration of human
souls into tapirs, viii. 285 Piazza del Limbo at Florence, church of
the Holy Apostles on the, x. 126 Navona at Rome, Befana on the,
ix. 1 66 sq. Picardy, the harvest cock in, vii. 277 ;
Lenten fire-customs in, x. 113; Mid- summer fires in, x. 187 Piceni, guided by a woodpecker (picus),
iv. 1 06 n.4 ; traced their origin to a
11 sacred spring," iv. 186 Picts, female descent of kingship among
the, ii. 280 sq. , 286
Pictures, supposed danger of, iii. 96 sqq. Pidhireanes, a Ruthenian people, custom
as to knots on grave-clothes among
the, iii. 310 Piedmont, effigy of Carnival burnt on
Shrove Tuesday in, iv. 224 n.1 ; belief
as to the "oil of St. John" on St.
John's morning in, xi. 82 sq. Piers, Sir Henry, as to green bushes on
the Eve of May Day, ii. 59 ; his
Description of Westmeatht ii. 59 ; on
candles on Twelfth Night in Ireland,
ix. 321
Pietd of Michael Angelo, v. 257 Pietro in Guarano (Calabria), Easter
custom at, x. 123 Pig, grunting like a, as a charm, ii.
23 ; Roman expiatory sacrifice of,
ii. 122 ; the word unlucky, iii. 233 ;
a tabooed word to fishermen, iii.
395 ; Greek expiatory sacrifice of,
vii. 74 ; corn-spirit as, vii. 298 sqq. j
GENERAL INDEX
413
in relation to Demeter, viii. 16 sqq. ; not eaten in Crete, viii. 21 n.1 ; atti- tude of the Jews to the, viii. 23 sq. ; in ancient Egypt, viii. 24 sqq. ; used to decoy demons, ix. 113, 200, 201 ; roast, at Christmas, x. 259 ; sacrificed to stay disease in the herd, x. 302. See also Pigs
Pig and Attis, viii. 22
, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291
and lamb as expiatory victims in
the grove of the Arval Brothers at Rome, iii. 226
, white or red, sacrificed for sun- shine, i. 291
Pig's blood drunk by priests and priest- esses as a means of inspiration, i. 382, 382 n.2} used to purge the earth from taint of sexual crime, ii. 107, 108, 109 ; used in exorcism and purifica- tion for homicide, v. 299 /z.2, ix. 262
bones inserted in the sown field or
in the seed-bag among the flax-seed, to make the flax grow tall, vii. 300
flesh not eaten by Zulu girls, i.
118 ; forbidden to women at sowing seed, vii. 115 ; sown with seed-corn, viii. 18 ; not eaten by field labourers, viii. 33, 139 ; reasons for not eating, viii. 139 sg. See also Pork and Swine's flesh
liver, omens drawn from, vii. 97
milk thought to cause leprosy, viii.
24, 25
tail stuck in field at sowing to make
the ears grow long, vii. 300
Pigeon in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 used in a love-charm, ii. 345 sq. family of Wild, in Samoa, viii. 29 external soul of ogre in a, xi. 100 external soul of dragon in a, xi. 112 sq.
Pigeon's egg, external soul of fairy being m, xi. 132 sq. , 139
Pigeons, special language employed by Malays in snaring, iii. 407 sq. ; souls of dead in, viii. 293 ; deposit seed of mistletoe, xi. 316 n.1
Pigs, magical ceremonies to catch wjld pigs, i. 109 ; magical stones to breed, i. 164 ; sacrificed to souls of ancestors, i. 339 ; sacrificed at the marriage of Sun and Earth, ii. 99 ; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 *•* I sacrificed once a year by the Egyptians to Osiris and the Moon, vi. 131, viii. 25 ; sacrificed by Kayans at New Year's festival, vii. 97 ; not to be eaten by enchanters of crops, vii. 100 sq. ; the enemies' of the crops, vii. 100 ; thrown into ' ' chasms of Demeter and Persephone " at the Thesmophoria, viii. *7i *9i 34 I ancestral spirits in, viii.
123 ; souls of dead in, viii. 286, 295,
296 ; sacrificed at festival of wild
mango tree in New Guinea, x. 9 ;
driven through Midsummer fire, x.
179 ; driven through the need-fire, x.
272, 273, 274 sg., 275 sq.t 276 sq.,
277, 278, 279, 297 ; offered to monster
who swallows novices in initiation, xi.
240, 246. See also Boar, Boars, Pig,
and Swine Piker or Pikere, Esthonian thunder-god,
ii. 367 ».4 Pilae, human effigies, hung up at the
Compitalia, viii. 95 «.* Pilate, Pontius, crucifixion of Christ
under, ix. 412 n.1
and Christ, ix. 416 sq.
Pilcomayo River, the Chiriguanos on the,
iv. 12 Pile- villages in the valley of the Po, ii. 8 ;
of Europe, ii. 352 sq. Piles of sticks or stones. See Heaps Pilgrimages on Yule Night in Sweden,
x. 20 sq. Pilgrims to Mecca not allowed to wear
knots and rings, iii. 293 sq. Pillar, fever transferred to a, ix. 53 ;
external soul of ogre in a, xi. 100 sq. Pillars as a religious emblem, v. 34,
108, 108 fr.1; sacred, in Crete, v.
107 n.z Pilsen, in Bohemia, Whitsuntide King
at, ii. 86 ; beheading the Whitsuntide
King at, iv. 210 sq.
Pi ma Indians, the purification of man- slayers among the, iii. 182 sqq., x. 21 Pindar on the rebirth of the dead, iv.
70, vii. 84 ; on the music of the lyre,
v. 55 ; on Typhon, v. 156 ; old scholiast
on, as to the Eleusinian games, vii.
7L 74. 77, 78 Pine-cones, symbols of fertility, v. 278 ;
thrown into vaults of Demeter, v. 278 ;
on the monuments of Osiris, vi. no -resin burnt as a protection agains
witches, ix. 164 seeds or nutlets used as food, v.
278 tree in the myth and ritual of
Attis, v. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 sq.,
285, vi. 98 «.6 ; Marsyas hung on a,
v. 288 ; in relation to human sacrifices,
vi. 98 ».B; Pentheus on the, vi. 98
n.6 ; in the rites of Osiris, vi. 108 ;
sacred to Dionysus, vii. 4 trees in the peat-bogs of Europe,
"> 3So. 35L 352
Pines, Scotch, struck by lightning, pro- portion of, xi. 298
Pinewood, fire of, at Soracte, xi. 14, 91 n.1
Pinoeh, district of South- Eastern Borneo*
414
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
treatment of iniant's soul among the
Dyaks of, xi. 154 sq. Pins stuck into saint's image, ix. 70 sq. Pinsk, district of Russia, custom observed
on Whit-Monday in, ii. 80 Pinxterbloem, a kind of iris, at Whit- suntide, ii. 80 Pinzgau district of Salzburg, the Perchten
maskers in, ix. 244 Pipal tree (Ficus religiosa), sacrifices to
the spirits of the, ii. 42 ; sacred in
India, ii. 43 Pipe, sacred, of the Blackfoot Indians,
iii. 159 n. Pipiles of Central America practise sexual
intercourse at the time of sowing, ii.
98 ; expose their seeds to moonlight,
vi. 135 Pippin, king of the Franks, need-fires in
the reign of, x. 270 Pips of water-melon in homoeopathic
magic, i. 143 Piraeus, processions in honour of Adonis
at, v. 227 n.
Pirates, the Cilician, v. 149 sq. Piros Indians of Peru, their belief in the
transmigration of a human soul into a
jaguar, viii. 386 Pirua, granary of maize, among the
Indians of Peru, vii. 171 sqq. Pisa, in Greece, Pelops at, ii. 279 Pit, sacrifices to the dead offered in a,
iv. 96. See also Pits Pitch smeared on doors to keep out
ghosts, ix. 1 53 ; smeared on houses to
keep off demons, ix. i^n.1. See also
Tar
Pitchforks ridden by witches, ix. 160, 162 and harrows a protection against
witchcraft, ii. 54 Pithoria, in India, use of scapegoats at,
ix. 191 Pitlochrie, in Perthshire, Hallowe'en fires
near, x. 230 Pitr Pak, the Fortnight of the Manes,
in Bilaspore, vi. 60 Pitre, Giuseppe, on the personification of
the Carnival, iv. 224 n.1 ; on Good
Friday ceremonies in Sicily, v. 255 sq. ;
on St. John's Day in Sicily, xi. 29 Pits to catch wild pigs, i. 109 Pitsligo, parish of, in Aberdeenshire,
the cutting of the clyack sheaf in, vii.
158 sqq.
Pitt Rivers Museum at Oxford, i. 69 Pitteri Pennu, the Khond god of increase,
ix. 138
Pity of rain-gods, appeal to, i. 302 sq. Placci, Carlo, on the new Easter fire at
Florence, x. 127 n.1
Place de Noailles at Marseilles, Mid- summer flowers in the, xi. 46
Placenta (afterbirth) and navel-string, contagious magic of, i. 182 - 201 ; Egyptian standard resembling a, vi. 156 n.1 See also Afterbirth
Placianian Mother, a form of Cybele, worshipped at Cyzicus, v. 274 n.
Plague transferred to plantain-tree, ix. 4 sq. ; the Baganda god of, battened down in a hole, ix. 4 j transferred to camel, ix. 33 ; blocked up in holes of buildings, ix. 64 ; at Rome, attempted remedies for, ix. 65 ; demon of, ex- pelled, ix. 173 ; sent away in scape- goat, ix. 193. See also Disease and Epidemics
Plaiting the last standing corn before cutting it, vii. 142, 144, 153, 154,
157. 158
Plane and birch, fire made by the friction of, x. 220
Plane-tree, Dionysus in, vii. 3
Planer district of Bohemia, custom at threshing in the, vii. 149
Planets, human victims sacrificed to, among the heathen of Harran, vii. 261 sq.
Plantagenets, royal forests under the, ii. 7
Plantain-tree, the afterbirth and navel- string buried under a, i. 195, 196 ; plague transferred to, ix. 4 sq. ; creep- ing through a cleft, as a cure, xi. 181
trees, navel-strings of Baganda
buried at foot of, i. 195 ; fertilized by parents of twins, ii. 102. See also Banana, Bananas
Planting, homoeopathic magic at, i. 136,
137. M3
Plants, homoeopathic magic to make plants grow, i. 136 sqq. ; influenced homoeopathically by a person's act or state, i. 139 sqq. ; influence persons homoeopathically, i. 144 sqq. ; spirits of, in shape of animals, ii. 14 ; sexes of, ii. 24 ; marriage of, ii. 26 sqq. ; thought to be animated by spirits, viii. 82 sq. ; spirits of, in the form of snakes; xi. 44 n. ; external soul in, xi. 159 sqq. ; and trees as life-indices, xi. 160 sqq.
Plaques or palettes of schist in Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 «.8
Plastene, Mother, on Mount Sipylus, v.
185
Plataea, ceremonial extinction of fires at, i. 33 ; festival of the Daedala at, ii. 140 sq. ; Archon of, forbidden to touch iron, iii. 227 ; bull annually sacrificed to men who fell at the battle of, iii. 227 ; escape of besieged from, iii. 311 ; sacrifices and funeral games in honour of the slain at, iv. 95 sq. \ Eleutherian games at, vii. 80, 85
GENERAL INDEX
Plates or basins, divination by three, at Hallowe'en, x. 237 sq. , 240, 244
Plato on the magistrate called the King at Athens, i. 45 ; on the pre-existence of the human soul, i. 104 ; on human sacrifices, iv. 163 ; on gardens of Adonis, v. 236 n.1 ; on the doctrine of trans- migration, viii. 308 ; on purification for murder, ix. 24 sq. ; on poets, ix. 35 n.s ; on sorcery, ix. 47 ; on the distribu- tion of the soul in the body, xi. 221 n.1
Plautus on Mars and his wife Nerio, vi. 232
Play fair, Major A. , on the ceremony of the horse at rice-harvest among the Garos, viii. 337 sq. ; on the use of scapegoats among the Garos of Assam, ix. 208 sq.
Plebeian myrtle - tree at Rome, xi. 168
Plebeians, the Roman kings, ii. 289
Pleiades, the, morning rising of, time of the corn-reaping in Greece, i. 32, vii. 48 sq. ] worshipped by the Abipories, v. 258 n.2 ; the setting of, the time of sowing, vi. 41; autumnal setting of, the signal for ploughing in Greece, vii. 45 I in primitive calendars, vii. 116, 122 n.1, 307 sqq. ; associated with the rainy season, vii. 307, 309, 317, 318 ; supposed to cause the rain to fall, vii. 307, 317 ; worshipped, vii. 307, 308 sq. , 310, 311, 312, 317; legends of their origin, vii. 308 «., 311, 312 ; the beginning of the year marked by the appearance of, vii. 309, 310, 312, 313, 314, 315, xi. 244, 245 n. ; the time for sowing and planting determined by observation of, vii. 309, 311, 313 sqq. ; supposed to cause the maize to grow, vii. 310; women swear by, vii. 311 ; festival of the Guaycurus at the appear- ance of, ix, 262 ; observed by savages, ix. 326
Pliny the Elder, on electric lights, i. 49 sq. ; on a cure for jaundice, i. 80 ; on a tree-stone, i. 165 n.1 ; on deatl; at ebb-tide, i. 167 ; on contagious magic of wounds, i. 201 ; on the sexes of trees, ii. 25 n. ; on the sacredness of woods, ii. 123 ; on the forests of Germany, ii. 353 sq. ; on the use of acorns as food, ii. 355 ; on the deriva- tion of the name Druid, ii. 363 «.2 ; on lucky and unlucky trees, iii. 275 «.8 ; on the magical effect of clasping hands and crossing legs, iii. 298 ; on knotted threads, iii. 303 ; on the date of harvest in Egypt, vi. 32 n.*\ on the influence of the moon, vi. 132 ; on the grafting of trees, vi. 133 «.*; on the time for
felling timber, vi. 136 n. ; on the time for sowing cereals in Greece and Asia, vii. 45 n.z ; on the setting of the Pleiades, vii. 318; on cure of warts, ix. 48 n.2 ; on cure for a stomachic complaint, ix. 50 ; on cure for gripes, ix. 50 ; on cure for epilepsy, ix. 68; on "serpents' eggs," x. 15 ; on medicinal plants, x. 17 ; on the touch of menstruous women, x. 196 ; on the fire- walk of the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 14 ; on the mythical springwort, xi. 71 ; on the Druidical worship of mistletoe, xi. 76 sq. ; on the virtues of mistletoe, xi. 78 ; on the birds which deposit seeds of mistletoe, xi. 316 n.1 ; on the different kinds of mistletoe, xi. 317
Pliny the Younger, on boar-hunting, i. 6 ; as to the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 n.1 ; his letter to Trajan on the spread of Christianity in Asia Minor, ix. 420 sq. ; his government of Bithynia and Pontus, ix. 421
Ploska (in Wallachia ?), rain-making at, i. 248
Plotinus, the death of, v. 87
Plough watered as a rain-charm, i. 282, 284 ; sacred golden, i. 365 ; in rela- tion to Dionysus, vii. 5 ; in primitive agriculture, vii. 113; drawn round village to keep off epidemic, ix. 173 sq. • piece of Yule log inserted in the, *• 251, 337
Plough -horses, part of the Yule Boar eaten by the, vii. 301
Monday, vii. 33 ; rites of, viii. 325
sqq. , ix. 250 sq.\ English celebration of, viii. 329 sqq.
oxen, the first, vii. 5
Ploughing, by women as a rain-charm, i. 282 sq. ; Prussian custom at, v. 238 ; in Greece, season of, vii. 45, 50 ; the land thrice a year, Greek custom of, vii. 53 ».*, 72 sq. ; with oxen, vii. 129 n.1 \ annually inaugurated by the Chinese emperor, viii. 14 sq. \ in spring, custom at the first, x. 18
, ceremonies at, among the Chams
of Indo-China, viii. 57 ; at Calicut in India, ix. 235
, ceremony of, performed by tem- porary King, iv. 149, 155 sq., 157 ; in the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 ; at Carnival, vii. 28! 29, viii. 331, 332, 334 ; sacred at Athens, vii. 31
and sowing, rite of, at the Carnival,
vii. 28
Ploughings, Sacred, in Attica, vii. 108
Ploughman worships the ploughshare, ix.
9°
Ploughmen and sowers drenched with water as a rain-charm, v. 238 sq. \ and
416
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
plough-horses, part of the Yule Boar given to, to eat, vii. 301, 303
Ploughs, bronze, used by Etruscans at founding of cities, iv. 157
Ploughshare worshipped by ploughman, ix. 90 ; crawling under a, as a cure, xi. 180
Plover in connexion with rain, i. 259, 261
Plugging or bunging up maladies in trees, ix. 58
Plum-tree wood used for Yule log, x. 250
Plurality of souls, doctrine of the, xi. 221 sq.
Plutarch on Numa and Egeria, i. 18 ; on hair offerings of boys at puberty, i. 28 ; on the stone-curlew as a cure for jaundice, i. 80 ; on Egeria, ii. 172 ; on the birth of Romulus, ii. 196 ; on the Roman Vestals, ii. 244 n.1 ; on the violent deaths of the Roman kings, ii. 320; on the death of Tullus Hostilius, ii. 320 «.8 ; on the Parilia, ii. 325 «.8, 329 ; on the exclusion of gold from sanctuaries, iii. 226 n.s ; on the ab- stinence from wine of the Egyptian kings, iii. 249 ; on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6 ; human sacrifice at Orchomenus in the lifetime of, iv. 163 ; on human sacrifices among the Carthaginians, iv. 167 ; on the double-headed axe of Zeus Labran- deus, v. 182 ; on the myth of Osiris, yi- 3. 5 sqq. I on Harpocrates, vi. 9 «. ; on Osiris at Byblus, vi. 22 sq. ; on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 n.1 ; on the mournful character of the rites of sowing, vi. 40 sqq. \ his use of the Alexandrian year, vi. 49, 84 ; on an Egyptian ceremony at the winter solstice, vi. 50 «.4 ; on the date of the death of Osiris, vi 84 ; on the festival of Osiris in the month of Athyr, vi. 91 sq. ; on the dating of Egyptian festivals, vi. 94 sq. ; on the rites of Osiris, vi. 108 ; on the grave of Osiris, vi. in ; on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 127 ; on the Flamen Dialis, vi. 229 sq. ; on the Flaminica Dialis, vi. 230 #.2; on im- mortality, vii. 15 ; on the myth of Osiris, vii. 32 «.6; on mourning festival of Demeter, vii. 46 ; on sacrifice, viii. 31 ; on Apis, viii. 36 ; on the custom of throwing puppets into the Tiber, viii. 108; on " the expulsion of hunger " At Chaeronea, ix. 252 ; on the Cronia and the rural Dionysiac festival, ix. 352*.1; on oak-mistletoe, xi. 318 n.1 Pluto, the breath of, v. 204, 205 ; places or sanctuaries of, v. 204 sqq. ; cave and temple of, at Acharaca, v. 205 ; carries
off Persephone, vii. 36, viii. 19 ; at Eleusis, sacrifices to, vii. 56
Pluto and Persephone, viii. 9 ; rustic pro- totypes of, viii. 334
called Subterranean Zeus, vii. 66
Plutonia, places of Pluto, v. 204
Plutus, begotten by lasion on Demeter in a thrice-ploughed field, vii. 208
Po, pile- villages in the valley of the, ii. 8, 353 ; herds of swine in antiquity in the valley of the, ii. 354
Po Then, a great spirit, among the Thay of Indo-China, ix. 97
Po-nagar, the Cham goddess of agri- culture, vin. 56, 57, 58
Pocahontas, an assumed name, iii. 318
Poelopetak, the Dyaks of, their names for soul-stuffs, vii. 182
Pogdanzig, in Prussia, witches' Sabbath at, xi. 74
Point Barrow, Alaska, the Esquimaux of, i. 328, viii. 258 «.2, ix. 124
Pointing sticks or bones in magic among the Australian aborigines, iv. 60, x. 14
Poison, sympathetic magic of, in hunting and fishing, i. 116 sq.^ 125 sq. ; con- tinence observed at brewing, iii. 200
Poison ordeal in Sierra Leone, iii. 15 ; fatal effects of the use of the, iv. 197 ; ordeal administered by young children, vii. 115
tooth of a serpent a charm against
snake- bite, i. 153
Poisoning the fish of a river, common words tabooed in, iii. 415
Poitou, the Fox in the last standing corn in, vii. 297 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 182, 190 sq.t 340 sq. ; fires on All Saints' Day in, x. 246 ; the Yule log in, x. 251 n.1 ; mugwortat Midsummer in, xi. 59
Poix, Lenten fires at, x. 113
Pok Klai, a Chin goddess, viii. 121
Poland, objection to iron ploughshares in, iii. 232; "Carrying out Death" in, iv. 240 ; the last sheaf called the Baba (Old Woman) in, vii. 144 sq. ; custom at threshing in, vii. 148 ; Christmas custom in, vii. 275 ; the harvest cock in, vii. 277 ; need-fire in, x. 281 sq. See also Poles and Polish
Polar bear, taboos concerning the, iii. 209
Polatnik, 'j>ola*enikt polazaynik, Christ- mas visiter, among the Servians, x. 261, 263, 264
Pole, sacred, of the Arunta, x. 7
Pole-star, homoeopathic magid of the,
i. 166 Polebrook in Northamptonshire, Ma)
carols at, ii. 61 n.1 Poiemarch, the, at Athens, iii. 33
GENERAL INDEX
417
Poles, passing between two poles after a
death, xi. 178 sq. \ passing between
two poles in order to escape sickness
or evil spirit, xi. 179 sqq. Poles, the Corn-mother among the, vii.
132 sq.
Polish custom at cutting last corn, vii. 150 Jews, their belief as to falling stars,
iv. 66 Political evolution from democracy to
despotism, i. 421 Polkwitz, in Silesia, custom of "Carrying
out Death " at, iv. 237 Pollution caused by murder, ix. 25 • , ceremonial, of girl at puberty, viii.
268 of death, vi. 227 sqq., viii. 85 «.*
and holiness not differentiated by
savages, iii. 224
, menstrual, widespread fear of, x.
76 sqq.
or sanctity, their equivalence in
primitive religion, iii. 145, 158, 224. See also Unclean ness
Polo, Marco, on custom of people of Camul, v. 39 n.3
Polybius on the butchery of pigs in ancient Italy, ii. 354
Polyboea, sister of Hyacinth, v. 314, 316 ; identified with Artemis or Per- sephone, v. 315
Polydorus, in Virgil, ii. 33
Polygnotus, his picture of Orpheus under the willow, xi. 294
Polyidus, a seer, restored Glaucus to life, v. 186 «.4
Polynesia, sacred kings and priests not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 138 ; persons who have handled the dead not allowed to touch food with their hands in, iii. 140 ; sacred- ness of the head in, iii. 245 ; sanctity of the heads of chiefs and others in, iii. 254 sqq. ; names of chiefs tabooed in, iii. 381 ; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 67 ; remarkable rule of succes- sion in, iv. 190 ; prevalence of infanti- cide in, iv. 191, 196; the beginning of the year marked by the rising of the Pleiades throughout, vii. 313 ; fear of demons among the natives of, ix. 80 sq.
Polynesian chiefs sacred, iii. 136
mothers, their way of infusing a
divine spirit into their unborn babes, iii. 69
• myth of the separation of earth and
sky, v. 283
Polynesians, oracular inspiration of priests among the, i. 377 ; their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258 ; their way of ridding themselves of sacred contagion, riii. 28
Polynices and Eteocles, their grave at
Thebes, ii. 33 Polytheism evolved out of animism, ii.
45 Pomegranate, growing on the grave of
fratricides, ii. 33 ; causes virgin to
conceive, v. 263, 269 Pomegranates forbidden to worshippers
of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 «.7; sprung
from blood of Dionysus, vii. 14 ; seeds
of, not eaten at the Thesmophoria,
vii. 14 ; not to be brought into the
sanctuary of the Mistress at Lycosura,
viii. 46 Pomerania, cut hair burnt in, iii. 282 sq. ;
treatment of passers-by at harvest in,
vii. 229 sq. ; sticks or stones piled on
graves of suicides in, ix. 17 ; hills
called the Blocksberg in, x. 171 «.8 Pometia sacked by the Romans, i. 22 Pommerol, Dr. , on Granno and Grannus
x. 112
Pomona and Vertumnus, vi. 235 «.6 Pomos of California, their expulsion of
devils, ix. 170 sq.
Pompeii, plan of labyrinth at, iv. 76 Pompey the Great beheads the last king
Cinyras of Byblus, v. 27 Pompilia, mother of Ancus Martius, ii.
270 n.4 Ponape, one of the Caroline Islands,
treatment of the navel-string in, i. 184
sq. ; special terms used with reference
to persons of the blood royal in, i.
401 n.s ; kings and viziers in, iii. 25 ;
the king of, his long hair, iii. 259 ;
changes of vocabulary caused by fear
of naming the dead in, iii. 362 Pond, G. H. , on ritual of death and
resurrection among the Dacotas, xi.
269 Pondomisi, a Bantu tribe of South Africa,
attribute drought to wrath of dead
chief, vi. 177 Pondos, of South Africa, their festival of
new fiuits, viii. 66 sq. Pongal feast, in the Madras Presidency,
vii. 244. See Pongol Pongau district of Salzburg, the Perchten
maskers in, ix. 244 Pongol, a family festival among the
Hindoos of Southern India, viii. 56 ;
Feast of Ingathering in Southern India,
fires kindled at, xi. i, 16 Ponnani River, near Calicut, iv. 49 Pons Sublicius at Rome built without
iron, iii. 230 Pont a Mousson, calf killed at harvest at,
vii. 290 Pontarlier, Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix.
316 Pontaven in Finistere, effigy (of Carnival)
4i8
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
thrown into the sea on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230
Pontesbury, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, x. 257
Pontifex Maximus at Rome, his relation to the Vestals, ii. 228
Pontiff of Zela in Pontus, ix. 370, 372
Pontiffs, the Roman, their mismanage- ment of the Julian calendar, vi. 93 n.1 ; celebrated the marriage of Orcus, vi. 231 ; regulate Roman calendar, vii. 83
— — and Vestals threw puppets into the Tiber at Rome, vni. 107
Pontifical law at Rome, ni. 391 n.1
Pontus, the Mosyni or Mosynoeci of, iii. 124 ; sacred prostitution in, v. 39, 58 ; rapid spread of Christianity in, ix. 420 sq.
Poona, rain-making at, i. 275 ; incarna- tion of elephant-headed god at, i. 405
Poor Man, name applied to the corn- spirit after harvest, vii. 231
Old Woman, corn left on field for,
vii. 231 sq.
Woman, name applied to the corn- spirit after harvest, vii. 231
Popayan, district of Colombia, the Indians of, will not kill deer, viii. 286
Pope or Patriarch of Fools, elected on St. Stephen's Day, ix. 334
Popinjay, shooting at a, x. 194
Popish Kingdome, The, of Thomas Kirchmeyer, x. 125 sq. , 162
Poplar in magic, i. 145 ; burned on St. Peter's Day, ii. 141
• , black, mistletoe on, xi. 318 n.6
- , the silver, used to ban fiends, ii.
336
, the white, at Olympia, a substitute
for the oak, ii. 220 ; used in sacrificing to Zeus at Olympia, xi. 90 n.1, 91 n.7
Poplar-wood used to kindle need-fire, x. 282
Poplars burnt on Shrove Tuesday, iv. 224 n.1
Poppies as symbols of Demeter, vii. 43 sq.
Poppy, the, cultivated for opium, vii. 242
Populonia, an unmarried Roman goddess, vi. 231
Populus trichocarpa in homoeopathic magic, i. 145
Porcupine, a Bechuana totem, viii. 164 sq. ; respected by some Indians, viii. 243 ; transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299 ; as charm to ensure women an easy delivery, x. 49
Pork forbidden to enchanters of crops, vii. 100 sq. ; not eaten by field labourers, viii. 33 ; taboo as to enter- ing a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85 ;
reason for not eating, viii. 296. Set also Pig's flesh and Swine's flesh Porphyry, on a human god in Egypt, i.
390 ; on the souls of trees, ii. 12 ; on Phoenician sacrifices of children, iv. 167, 179 ; on the Bouphonia, viii. 5 n.1 1 on the homoeopathic diet of diviners, viii. 143 «.7 ; on demons, ix. 104
Porridge smeared on body as a purifica- tion, ni. 176
Port Charlotte in Islay, vii. 166 ; stone used in cure for toothache near, ix. 62
Darwin, in Australia, conception in
women not regarded as a direct result of cohabitation among the tribes about, v. 103
Lincoln tribe of South Australia,
prohibition to mention the names of the dead in the, iii. 365 ; their super- stition as to lizards, xi. 216 sq.
Moresby, in British New Guinea,
ix. 84 ; taboos as to trading voyages at, iii. 203 ; homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet at, viii. 145
Stephens (Stevens), in New South
Wales, burial at flood tide among the natives at, i. 168 ; medicine-men drive away rain at, i. 253
Porta Capena at Rome, i. 18, ii. 185, v.
273 Porta Querquetulana at Rome, ii. 185 «.8
Triumphalis at Rome, xi. 195
Porto Novo, the negroes of, their beliefs
and customs concerning twins, i. 265 ; the King of Night at, ii. 23 sq. ; in Guinea, precaution taken by exe- cutioner against the ghosts of his victims at, iii. 171 ; on the Slave Coast, vicarious human sacrifices at, iv. 117; annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 205
Portrait statues, external souls of Egyp- tian kings deposited in, xi. 157
Portraits, souls in, iii. 96 sqq. ; supposed dangers of, iii. 96 sqq.
Portreath, sacrifice of a calf near, to cure disease of cows and horses, x. 301
Portugal, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 sq.
Poseideon, an Attic month, vii. 62
Poseidon, sanctuary of, at Troezen, i. 27 ; mated with Artemis, i. 36 ; bull sacrificed to, i. 46 ; represented as father of Demetrius Poliorcetes, i.
391 ; identified with Erechtheus, iv. 87 ; the Establisher or Securer, v. 195 sq. ; the earthquake god, v. 195, 202 sq. \ his intrigue with Demeter, v. 280, viii. 21 ; first-fruits sacrificed to, viii. 133 ; cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 ; priest of, uses a white
GENERAL INDEX
419
umbrella, x. 20 n,1 ; makes Pterelaus immortal, xi. 103
Posidonius, ancient Greek traveller in Gaul, on indifference of Celts to death, iv. 142 ; on human sacrifices among the Celts, xi. 32
Poso, a district of Central Celebes, inspired priestesses in, i. 379 sq. \ ears of rice fed like children in, ii. 29 ; belief as to tree-demons in, ii. 35 ; ceremony per- formed by farmer's wife in, when the rice crop is not thriving, ii. 104 ; stranger taken for a spirit in, vii. 236 ; jawbones of deer and wild pigs pro- pitiated by hunters in, viii. 244 sg.\ custom at the working of iron in, xi.
154
, the Alfoors of, offer puppets to
demons, iii. 62 ; will not pronounce their own names, iii. 332; may not pronounce the names of their fathers, mothers, grandparents, and parents-in-law, iii. 340 ; forbidden to use ordinary language in harvest- field, iii. 411 ; ask riddles while watching the crops, vii. 194 ; think that every man has three souls, xi.
222
Possession by the spirits of dead kings or chiefs, iv. 25 sq., vi. 192 sq. ; of priest or priestess by a divine spirit, /. 66, 68 sq. , 72 sqq. ; oy an evii spirit, cured by passing through a red-hot chain, xi. 186
Posterli, annual expulsion of, at Entle- buch in Switzerland, ix. 214
Pot in ashes, imprint of, effaced from superstitious motives, i. 214
Potala Hill at Lhasa, ix. 197
, palace of the Dalai Lama at
Lhasa, i. 412 n.1
Potato-dog, said to be killed at end of digging the potatoes, vii. 272 sq.
-mother, among the Indians of
Peru, vii. 172, 173 n.
-wolf, said to be caught in the last
potatoes, vii. 271 ; name given to woman who gathers the last potatoes, vii. 274
Potatoes, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162 ; fertilized by a fairy banner, i. 368 ; customs at eating new, viii.
50. Si Potawatomi Indians, their respect for
rattlesnakes, viii. 218 ; their women
secluded at menstruation, x. 89 Potlatch, distribution of property, among
the Carrier Indians, xi. 274 Potniae in Boeotia, goat substituted for
child as victim in rites of Dionysus at,
iv. 166 n.1, vii. 24 ; priest of Dionysus
killed at, vi. 99 n.1
Potrimpo, old Prussian god, his priest bound to sleep on bare earth for three nights before sacrificing, ii. 248
Pots of basil on St. John's Day in Sicily, v. 245
used by girls at puberty broken, x.
61, 69. See also Vessels
Potter in Southern India, custom ob- served by a, v. 191 n*
Potters in Uganda bake their pots when the moon is waxing, vi. 135
Pottery, primitive, employed in Roman ritual, ii. 202 sqq. \ superstitions as to the making of, among the Yuracares of Bolivia and the Ba-Ronga of South Africa, ii. 204 sq.
Pouilly, near Dijon, ox killed on harvest- field at, vii. 290
Poverty, annual expulsion of, ix. 144 sq.
Powder, magic, rubbed into wounds for purpose of inoculation, viii. 159
Powers, Stephen, on the secrecy of personal names among the Cahfornian Indians, iii. 326 ; on the expulsion of devils among the Pomos of California, ix. 170 sq.
Powers, extraordinary, ascribed to first- born children, x. 295
Powhatan, an assumed Indian name, iii.
?l8 Pozega district of Slavonia, need-fire in,
x. 282
Prabat, in Siam, Footprint of Buddha at, iii. 275
Practical man, the plain, i. 243
Praeneste, Fortuna Pnmigenia, goddess of, vi. 234 ; founded by Caeculus, ii. 197. vi. 235
Praetorius, Matthaeus, on the old Lithu- anian god Pergrubius, ii. 347 n.1 ; his work on old Lithuanian customs, viii. 50 n.1
Praetors, the consuls at first called, ii. 291 n.1
Prague, pieces of the IMay-tree burned in the district of, ii. 71 ; the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 73
Prajapati, the creator, his mystic sacrifice in the daily ritual of the Brahmans, ix. 411
Pramantha, the upper part of the Brah- man fire-drill, ii. 249
Prattigau in Switzerland, Lenten fire- custom at, x. 119
Pratz, Le Page du, on the festival of new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77 sqq.
Prauss, in Silesia, race of girls at harvest at, vii. 76
Prayer to the tulasi plant, ii. 26 ; the Roman shepherd's, ii. 327 ; to Per-
420
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
grubius, ii. 347; the materialization of, ix. 22 n.2 ; at sowing, ix. 138
Prayer, the Place of, viii. 113
and spell, vii. 105
Prayers to the sun, i. 72, 312 ; for rain to ancestors,!. 285, 286, 287, 346; for rain to skulls of racoons, i. 288 ; for rain to dragon, i. 291 sq. • to king's ancestors, i. 352 ; to sunflower roots, ii. 13 ; for rain to the spirit who controls the rain, ii. 46 ; to Zeus for rain, ii. 359 ; to Jupiter for rain, ii. 362 ; to Thunder, ii. 367 sq. ; to an oak, ii. 372 ; for rain to Nyakang, iv. 20; to dead ancestors, vi. 175 sq.t 178 sq. , 183 sq. ; to dead kings, vi. 192 ; for rain at Eleusis, vii. 69 ; to the spirits of the dead, viii. 112, 113, 124 sq. \ to dead animals, viii. 184, 197, 224, 225, 226, 235, 236, 243, 253, 293; to crocodile god- dess, viii. 212; to shark -idol, viii. 292 ; at cairns or heaps of sticks or leaves, ix. 26, 28, 29 sq. ; of adolescent girls to the Dawn of Day, x. 50 sq., 53,98 n.1 ; to the Rain-makers up aloft, x. 133 ; to ancestral spirits, xi. 243
Preachers to fish, viii. 250 sq.
Precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 52 sqq. , ix. 267 ; against witches on St. George's Day, ii. 354 sqq. ; against witches on Walpurgis Night (Eve of May Day), ix. 158 sqq. ; against witches during the Twelve Diys, ix. 164 sq. ; against witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 73 sqq.
Precious stones, homoeopathic magic of, i. 164 sq.
Pre-existence of the human soul, belief in the, i. 104
Preference for a violent death, iv. 9 sqq.
Pregnancy, ceremony in seventh month of, i. 72 sq. ; husband's hair kept unshorn during wife's, iii. 261 ; con- duct of husband during wife's, iii. 294, 295 ; superstitions as to knots during wife's, iii. 294 sq. ; funeral rites performed for a father in the fifth month of his wife's, iv. 189 ; causes of, unknown, v. 92 sq. , 106 sq. \ Australian beliefs as to the causes of, v. 99 sqq.
Pregnant cows sacrificed to ensure fer- tility, i. 141 ; sacrificed to the Earth goddess, ii. 229
women, forbidden to spin or
twist ropes, i. 114; not to loiter in the doorways of nouses where there are, i. 114; employed to fertilize crops and fruit-trees, i. 140 sq.t ii. 101 ; taboos on, i. 141 n.1 ; their supersti- tions about shadows, iii. 82 sq. ; carry nim leaves or iron o scare evil spirits,
iii. 234 ; may not sew or use sharp in struments, iii. 238 ; loosen their hair, iii. 311 ; mode of protecting them against dangerous spirits, viii. 102 sq. ; fowls used to divert evil spirits from, ix. 31
Preller, L. , on the marriage of Dionysus and Ariadne, ii. 138
Premature birth, Esquimau ideas as to, iii. 152 ; to be announced publicly, iii. 213. See Miscarriage
Presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester's day, iii. 88
Presteign in Radnorshire, the tug-of-war at, ix. 182 sq.
Pretence made by reapers of mowing down visiters to the harvest-field, vii. 229 sq. ; of throwing people into fire, x. no, 148, 186, xi. 25
of human sacrifices substituted for
the reality, iv. 214 sqq. ; at Christmas, vii. 302
Pretenders to divinity among Christians, i. 407 sqq.
Priapus, image of, at need-fire, x. 286
Pricking patient with needles to expel demons of disease, iii. 106
Priene, Panioman festival at, i. 46
Priest drenched with water as a rain- charm, i. 277, ii. 77 ; rolled on fields as fertility charm, ii. 103 ; chief acting as, ii. 215^., viii. 126; brings back lost soul in a cloth, iii. 48, 64 ; recovers lost souls from the sun -god, iii. 64 ; conjures lost soul into a cup, iii. 67 ; catches the spirit of a god in a snare, iii. 69 ; inspired by spirit of dead king and giving oracles in his name, iv. 200 sq. ; sows and plucks the first rice, viii. 54 ; the corpse - praying, ix. 45. See also Priests and High priest
of Aricia and the Golden Bough,
x. i.
of Diana at Nemi, i. 8 sqq. ; at
Aricia, the King of the Wood, perhaps personified Jupiter, xi. 302 sq.
of Dionysus at the Agrioma, iv. 163
of Earth, taboos observed by the, x. 4
andmagician, their antagonism, i. 226
of Nemi, i. 8 sqq., 40, 41, ii. 376,
378, 386« 387. «• 315- See also King of the Wood
of Poseidon, x. 20 n.1
of the Sun, x. 20 n.1
of Zeus on Mount Lycaeus, ii. 359
Priestess of the holy fire among the Herero, ii. 215; identified with goddess, v. 219; head of the State under a system of mother-kin, vi. 203; of Athena, x. 20 n.1
Priestesses, inspired, i. 379 sq., 381 sq. ; as physicians, bring back lost souls, iii. 53 sq. \ more important than priests
GENERAL INDEX
421
v. 45, 46 ; of Perasian Artemis walk over fire, v. 115, 168 ; beat corpse to exorcize a demon, ix. 260 ; not allowed to step on ground, x. 5
Priestesses, virgin, in the island of Sena, ii. 241 i*.1; of fire in Peru, ii. 243 sq. ; of fire in Mexico, ii. 245 ; of fire in Yucatan, ii. 245 sq.
Priesthood of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 43 ; vacated on death of priest's wife, v. 45 ; of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143
Priestly dynasties of Asia Minor, v. 140 sq.
functions exercised by chiefs in
New Britain, i. 340 ; gradually acquired by kings, i. 372
— — king and queen personating god and goddess, v. 45
kings, i. 44 sqq. , v. 42, 43 ; of
Sheba, iii. 125 ; of the Nubas, iii. 132 ; of Olba, v. 143 :>qq., 161 ; Adonis personated by, v. 223 sqq.
Priests, magical powers attributed to priests by French peasants, i. 231-233; inspired by gods in the Southern Pacific, i« 377 W» ancient Egyptian, recover lost souls, iii, 68 ; influence wielded by, iii. 107 ; to be shaved with bronze, iii. 226 ; their hair unshorn, iii. 259, 260 ; foods tabooed to, iii. 291 ; per- sonate gods, v. 45, 46 sqq. , ix. 287 ; tattoo -marks of, v. 74 #.4 ; not allowed to be widowers, vi. 227 sqq ; dressed as women, vi. 253 sqq. ; first- fruits belong to, viii. 125 ; of sharks cover their bodies with the appearance of scales, viii. 292 ; sacrifice human victims, ix. 279, 280 sq. , 284, 286, 287,290, 292, 294, 298, 301 ; expected to pass through fire, xi. 2, 5, 8, 9, 14
of Astarte, kings as, v. 26
of Attis, the emasculated, v. 265, 266
, Jewish, their rule as to the pollu- tion of death, vi. 230
of Tetzcatlipoca, viii. 165
of Zeus at the Corycian cave, v.
145. 155
Primitive ritual, marks of, vii. 169
thought, its vagueness and incon- sistency, xi. 301 sq.
Primroses on threshold as a charm against witches, ii. 52
Prince Sunless, x. 21
Prince of Wales Islands, Torres Strait, the Kowraregas of, iii. 346, 358 sq. ; natives of, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 64 sq. ; their treatment of girls at puberty in, x. 40
Princess royal, ceremonies at the puberty of a, x. 29, 30 sq.
Princesses married to foreigners or men of low birth, ii. 274 sqq. ; licence ac- corded to, in Loango, ii. 276 sq.
Prisoner condemned to death, treated as king for rive days, iv. 113 sq.t ix. 355
Prisoners shaved and their shorn hair kept as security for their good be- haviour, iii. 273 ; released at festivals, iii. 316
Private magic, i. 214 sq.
Privilege of the chapter of Rouen Cathe- dral to pardon a criminal once a year, ii. 165
Proa, demons of sickness expelled in a, ix. 185 sqq. \ diseases sent away in a, ix. 199 sq. See also Ship
Proarcturia, a Greek festival, vii. 51
Procession to the Almo in the rites of Attis, v. 273 ; with lighted tar-barrels on Christmas Eve at Lerwick, x. 268
Processions with ships perhaps ram- charms, i. 251 «.8 ; for rain in Sicily, i. 300 ; carved on rocks at Boghaz- Keui, v. istgsgg.; in honour of Adonis, v. 224 sq. , 227 n. , 236 n.1 ; with bears from house to house, viii. 192 ; with sacred animals, viii. 316 sqq. ; of men disguised as animals, viii. 325 sqq. \ for the expulsion of demons, ix. 117, 233 ; of monks and maskers at the Tibetan New Year, ix. 203 ; of mum- mers in Salzburg and the Tyrol, ix. 240, 242 sqq. ; to drive away demons of infertility, ix. 245 ; bell -ringing, at the Carnival, ix. 247 ; of maskers, W. Mannhardt on, ix. 250 ; with lighted torches through fields, gar- dens, orchards, etc., x. 107 sq.t no sqq., 113 sqq., 141, 179, 233 sg.. 266, 339 sq. ; on Corpus Christi Day, x. 165 ; to the Midsummer bonfires, x. 184, 185, 187, 188, 191, 192, 193 ; across fiery furnaces, xi. 4 sqq. ; of giants (effigies) at popular festivals in Europe, xi. 33 sqq.
and dances in honour of the dead,
viii. in
Proclus on Dionysus, vii. 13
Procopius, on the custom of putting the sick and old to death among the Hemli, iv. 14 ; on the god of lightning of the Slavs, ii. 365 ; on the annual disappearance of the sun for forty days in Thule, ix. 125 n.1
Procreation, savage ignorance of the causes of, v. 106 sq.
Procreative virtue attributed to fire, ii.
233
Procris, her incest with her father Erech- theus, v. 44
Proculus, Julius, bids the Romans wor- ship Romulus as a god, ii. 182
Proerosia, "Before the Ploughing," a Greek festival of Demeter, vii. 50 sqq. , 60, 108
422
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Profligacy at rites designed to promote the fertility of trees and plants, ii. 97, 104 ; of human sexes supposed to quicken the earth, v. 48 ; at Holi festival in India, xi. 2 Progress, the magician's, i. 214 sqq.; intellectual, dependent on economic progress, i. 218; industrial and political, i. 421
Prohibited degrees of kinship, the system of, perhaps based historically on super- stition, ii. 117
Promathion's History of Italy, ii. 196, 197 Prometheus, his theft of fire, ii. 260 Propertius, on the Vestals, i. 18 n.6 ; on the throwing of stones at a grave, ix.
19*7-
Property, rules as to the inheritance of, under mother-kin, vi. 203 n.1 ; landed, combined with mother -kin tends to increase the social importance of women, vi. 209
Prophecy, Hebrew, distinctive character of, v. 75 ; spirit of, acquired by eating certain food, viii. 143 ; the Norse Sibyl's, x. 1 02 sq.
Prophet regarded as madman, v. 77. See also Prophets
Prophetess of Apollo at Patara, ii. 135
Prophetesses inspired by dead chiefs, vi. 192 sq. ; inspired by gods, vi. 207
Prophetic inspiration through the spirits of dead kings and chiefs, iv. 200 sq. , vi, 171, 172, 192 sq. ; under the influence of music, v. 52 sq. , 54 sq. , 74
— marks on body, v. 74
powers conferred by certain springs,
ii. 172
water drunk on St. John's Eve, v.
247
Prophets in relation to kedeshim, v. 76 ; or mediums inspired by the ghosts of dead kings, iv. 200^., vi. 171, 172
— — Hebrew, their ethical religion, i. 223 ; on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv. 169 ».8 ; their resemblance to those of Africa, v. 74 sq.
> of Israel, their religious and moral reform, v. 24 sq.
Propitiation essential to religion, i. 222 ; of the souls of the slain, iii. 166 ; of spirits of slain animals, iii. 190, 204 sq. ; of ancestors, iii. 197, v. 46 ; of the spirits of plants before partaking of the fruits, viii. 82 sq. ; of wild animals by hunters, viii. 204 sqq. ; of vermin by farmers, viii. 274 sqq. ; of ancestral spirits, ix. 86 ; of demons, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100
Proserpine River in Queensland, the aborigines of the, their dread of women's cut hair, iii. 282 ; the Kia
Blacks of the, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 39
Prosopis spicigera, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 248, 249, 250 n.
Prostitution before marriage, practice of, ii. 282, 285, 287
, sacred, before marriage, in Western
Asia, v. 36 sqq. ; suggested origin of, v. 39 sqq. • practised for the sake of the crops, v. 39 n.s ; in Western Asia, alternative theory of, v. 57 sqq. ; in India, v. 61 sqq. \ in Africa, v. 65 sqq.
of unmarried girls in the Pelew
Islands, vi. 264 sq. ; in Yap, one of the Caroline Islands, vi. 265 sq.
Prothero, G. W. , as to a May-pole, ii. 71 n.1 ; on the passage of sick women through a church window, xi. 190 n.8
Provence, priests thought to possess the power of averting storms in, i. 232 ; rain-making by means of images of saints in, i. 307 ; May-trees in, ii. 69 ; Mayos on May Day in, ii. 80 ; mock execution of Caramantran on Ash Wednesday in, iv. 227 ; bathing at Midsummer in, v. 248 ; Midsum- mer fires in, x. 193 sq. ; the Yule log in, x. 249 sqq.
Prpats, :boy employed in rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274
Prporushe, young men employed in a rain-making ceremony in Dalmatia, i. 274
Prunus padus, L. , branches of, used to avert evil influences, ii. 344
Prussia, contagious magic of clothes in, i. 206 sq. ; customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 sq. ; wolves not to be called by their proper name during December in, iii. 396; harvest customs in, v. 238, vii. 136, 137, 139, 150^., 209, 219, 280, 281 sq. , 289, 292; divination at Midsummer in, v. 252 sq. \ women's race at close of rye-harvest in, vii. 76 sq. ; the Corn-goat in, vii. 281 sq. ; the Bull at reaping in, vii. 292 ; " Easter Smacks " in, ix. 268 ; custom before first ploughing in spring in, x. 1 8 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 176 sq. ; mullein gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63 sq. ; witches' Sabbath in, xi. 74. See also Prussians
, Eastern, the Kurs of, their cus- tom at sowing, i. 137 ; dances of girls on Shrove Tuesday in, i. 138 sq. ; " to chase out the Hare " at harvest in, vii. 280 ; herbs gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 48 sq. ; divination by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 53, 6 1 ; belief as to mistletoe growing on a thorn in, xi. 201 n.3
GENERAL INDEX
423
Prussia, West, pretence of birth of child
on harvest-field in, vii. 150 sq., 209 ;
sticks or stones piled on graves of
suicides in, ix. 17
Prussian rulers, formerly burnt, ix. 391 Prussians, the heathen, sacrificed to
Pergrubius on St. George's Day, ii.
347 , the old, their worship of trees, ii.
43 ; their funeral feasts, iii. 238 ;
supreme ruler of, iv. 41 sq.\ their
prayers and offerings for the flax crop,
iv. 156; their custom at sowing, vii.
288 ; their offerings of first-fruits, viii.
133 ; their worship of serpents, xi.
43 «-3 Pruyssenaere, E. de, on the privations of
the Dinka in the dry season, iv. 30
tt.1 ; on the reverence of the Dinka for
their cattle, viii. 38 sq. Prytaneum at Athens, ii. 137, vii. 32 ;
perpetual fire in the, ii. 260 Psalmist (cvi. 35-38) on Hebrew idolatry,
iv. 1 68 sq. Psammetichus I. , king of Egypt, dedicates
his daughter to Ammon, ii. 134 Pshaws of the Caucasus, their rain-charm,
i. 282 ; taboos observed by an annual
official among the, iii. 292 sq. Pskov, Government of, holy oak on the
borders of, ii. 371 sq. Psoloeis, the, at Orchomenus, iv. 163,
164 Psylli, a Snake clan, make war on the
south wind, i. 331 ; expose their
infants to snakes, viii. 174 sq. Ptarmigans and ducks, dramatic contest
of the, among the Esquimaux, iv. 259 Pterelaus and his golden hair, xi. 103 Pteria, captured by Croesus, v. 128 Ptolemy Auletes, king of Egypt, offered
by Cato the priesthood of Aphrodite at
Paphos, v. 43 Ptolemy and Berenice, annual festival in
honour of, vi. 35 n.2 Ptolemy I. and Serapis, vi. 119 «.
II., king of Egypt, iv. 15