X. 183

Finland, sacred groves and trees in, ii. ii ; cattle protected by the woodland spirits in, ii. 124 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 1 80 sq. ; fir-tree as life-index in, xi. 165 sq.
Gulf of, i. 325
Finlay, George, on Roman financial oppression, v. 301 n.2
Finnisch-Ugrian peoples, sacred groves of the, ii. 10 sq.
Finnish hunters do not call animals by their proper names, iii. 398
Finnish witches and wizards thought to cause winds, i. 325 sq.
Finns, feared as sorcerers, iii. 281 ; their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 223 sq.
Finow, a Tongan chief, iii. 140
Finsch Harbour in German New Guinea, Kolem on, i. 338 ; the Papuans of, iii. 329 ; the Kai tribe inland from, vii. 99, viii. 296, xi. 239
Fir used to beat people with at Christmas, ix. 270, 271
or beech used to make the Yule
log, x. 249
Fir-branches, prayers of girl at puberty to, x. 51 ; at Midsummer, x. 177 ; Midsummer mummers clad in, xi. 25 j?.
cones, seeds of, gathered on St.
John's Day, xi. 64
tree as life-index, xi. 165 sq.
trees set up at Midsummer, ii. 65 ;
gout transferred to, ix. 56 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316
wood used to kindle need-fire, x.
278, 282
Firdusi's Epic of Kings, x. 104
Fire in the worship of Diana, i. 12 sq. ; power of extinguishing, ascribed to priests, i. 231, and to chaste women, ii. 240 n.2 ; used to stop rain, i. 252 sq. ; used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 303 sq. ; as a charm to rekindle the sun, i. 311, 313 ; the King of, in Cambodia, ii. 3 sqq. ; birth from the, ii. 195 sqq. ; the king's, n. 195 sqq. ; impregnation of women by, ii. 195 sqq., 230 sqq. , 234, vi. 235; kindled by the friction of wood, n. 207 sqq. , 235 sqq., 237 sq., 243, 248 sqq., 258 sq., 262, 263, 336, 366, 372, viii. 127, 136, 314, x. 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 144 sq., 148, 155, 169^., 175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270 sqq., 335 sq., xi. 8, 90, 295 ; taken from sacred hearth to found a new village, ii. 216 ; custom of extinguishing fire and re- kindling it by the friction of wood, ii. 217, 237 ; kindled from ancestral tree, ii. 221, 233 sq. ; on the hearth, souls of ancestors in the, ii. 232 ; reasons for attributing a procreative virtue to, ii. 233 sq. ; made jointly by man and woman or boy and girl, ii. 235 sqq. ; need-fire made by married men, ii. 238 ; not to be blown upon with the breath, ii. 240, 241, iii. 136, viii. 254, x. 133 ; tribes reported to be ignorant of the art of kindling, ii. 253 sqq. ; people reported to be ignoranc of the use of, ii. 254 ».1; discovery of, by mankind, ii. 255 sqg. :
GENERAL INDEX
271
kindled by natural causes, ii. 256 ; kindled by lightning, beliefs and cus- toms concerning, ii. 256 w.1, 263, xi. 297 sq. ; art of making fire by friction, how discovered, ii. 256 sq. \ canied about by savages, ii. 257 sqq. • kept burning in houses of chiefs and kings, ii. 260 sqq. ; extinguished on the death of the king, ii. 261 sqq. ; carried before king or chief, ii. 263 sq. ; a symbol of life, ii. 265 ; leaping over a, ii. 327, 329 ; sheep driven over, as a purifica- tion, ii. 327 ; rule as to removing fire from priest's house, iii • 13 ; purification by, iii. 108, 109, in, 114, 168, 197, v. 115 Tz.1, 179 sqq. , xi. 19 ; tabooed, iii. 178, 182, 256 sq. ; not to be blown upon by sacred chiefs, iii. 256 ; of a kiln called by a special name in the Outer Hebrides, iii. 395 ; not to be called by its proper name, iii. 411 ; voluntary death by, iv. 42 sqq. ; Persian reverence for, v. 174 sq. ; death in the, as an apotheosis, v. 179 sq. ; not given out, vii. 249 ; leaping through, as a form of purification, viii. 249 ; girls at puberty forbidden to see or go near, x. 29, 45, 46 ; men- struous women not allowed to touch or see, x. 84, 85 ; extinguished at men- struation, x. 87 ; in fire-festivals, dif- ferent possible explanations of its use, x. 112 sq. ; made by flints or by flint and steel, x. 121, 124, 126, 127, 145, 146, 159 ; made by a burning-glass, x. 121, 127 ; made by a metal mirror, x. 132, 137, 138 n.5 ; year called a fire, x. 137; thought to grow \\eak with age, x. 137 ; pretence of throwing a man into, x. 148, 186, xi. 25 ; carried round houses, corn, cattle, and women after child-bearing, x. 151 n. ; used to drive away witches and demons at Midsummer, x. 170 ; as a protection against evil spirits, x. 282, 285 sq. ; made by means of a wheel, x. 335 sq. , xi. 91 ; as a destructive and purificatory agent, x. 341 ; used as a charm to produce Sunshine, x. 341 sq. ; employed as a barrier against ghosts, xi. 17 sqq. ; used to burn or ban witches, xi. 19 sq. ; extinguished by mistletoe, xi. 78, 84 sq. , 293 ; of oak-wood used to detect a murderer, xi. 92 n.*\ life of man bound up with a, xi. 157; con- ceived by savages as a property stored like /sap in trees, xi. 295 ; primitive ideas as to the origin of, xi. 295 sq. See also Bonfires, Extinction, Fires, Need-fire, and New Fire Fire, Feast of, at winter solstice, among the Indians of Arizona, iv. 215
Fire, the god of, among the Huichol Indians, i. 124, viii. 93
" of heaven," term applied to Mid-
summer bonfire, x. 334, 335
, holy, not to be blown upon with
the breath, ii. 240, 241
and lightning averted from houses
by crossbills, i. 82
, "living," made by friction of
wood, ii. 237, x. 220 ; a charm against witchciaft, ii. 336
, Mexican god of, ix. 300 ; human
sacrifices to, ix. 300 sqq.
, ' ' new," sent from Delosand Delphi,
i. 32 sq.t x. 138 ; made by friction in ram-charm, i. 290 ; at taking posses- sion of new house, ii. 237 sq. ; made at Midsummer in Peru, ii. 243, x. 132; made at beginning of king's reign, ii. 262, 267 ; made by friction of wood, iii. 286, viii. 65, 74, 78 ; at eating new fruits, among the Caffres, viii. 65 ; among the Indians of Alabama, viii. 72 n.2] among the Creek Indians, viii. 74 ; among the Yuchi Indians, viii. 75 ; among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77, 135 sqq. , at New Year, ix. 209, x. 134, 135, 138; Chinese festival of the, ix. 359, x. 136 sq. ; kindled on Easter Saturday, x. 121 sqq. ; at Candlemas, x. 131 ; festivals of, x. 131 sqq. ; among the Peruvians, x. 132 ; among the Mexicans, x. 132 ; among the Zuni Indians, x. 132 sq. ; among the Iroquois, x. 133 sq. ; among the Esquimaux, x. 134 ; in Wadai, x. 134; in the Egyptian Sudan, x. 134; among the Swahili, x. 135 ; in Bena- metapa, x. 135 ; among some tribes of British Central Africa, x. 135 sq. ; among the Todas, x. 136 ; among the Nagas, x. 136 ; at Karma in Burma, x. 136 ; in Japan, x. 137 sg. ; in Lemnos, x. 138 ; at Rome, x. 138 ; among the Celts of Ireland, x. 1139 ; near Moscow, x. 139 ; made by the friction of wood at Christmas, x. 264
, perpetual, of oak wood at Nov- gorod, ii. 365 ; in front of holy oak in Prussia, iv. 42 ; in Zoroastrian religion, v. 191 ; worshipped, v. 191 sqq.\ in Cappadocia, v. 191 ; at Juala- mukhi, v. 192 ; at Baku, v. 192 ; in the temples of dead king, vi. 174 ; of oak-bark, viii. 135 ; of oak-wood, xi. 285 sq.
, sacred, annually extinguished at
Rome and rekindled by friction of wood, ii. 186 n.1, 267 ; in charge, of a married pair, ii. 235 ; new, made by friction of wood at intervals of fifty-two years, vii. 311 ; new, made
272
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
by striking stones together, viii. 75 ; kindled by friction of wood, viii. 127, 314, ix. 391 «.4 ; in the sweating- house among the Karok Indians, viii. 255 ; of king of Uganda, ix. 195
Fire of St. Lawrence, viii. 318
. of Vesta at Rome fed with oak- wood, ii. 1 86
, Vestal, at Alba, i. 13 ; at Rome,
rekindled by the friction of wood, ii. 207
and Water, Kings of, in Cambodia,
ii. 3 sqq. , iv. 14 ; kingships of, iii. 17
Fire- bearer, the, at Delphi, i. 33 ; of Spartan king, ii. 264
-boards, sacred, of the Chuckchees
and Koryaks, ii. 225 sq.
customs of the Herero or Damaras,
ii. 2H sqq. \ compared to those of the Romans, ii. 227 sqq.
— -drill, the, ii. 207 sqq., 248 sqq., 258 sq., 263; the kindling of fire by it regarded by savages as a form of sexual intercourse, ii 208 sqq.t 218, 233. 235 s?-' 239« 249 S Herero, ii. 217 sq. ; used to kindle need-fire, x. 292
- -festivals of Europe, x. 106 sqq. ; interpretation of the, x. 328 sqq. , xi. 15 sqq. ; at the solstices, x. 331 tq.\ solar theory of the, x. 331 sqq. ; purificatory theory of the, x. 341 sqq. \ regarded as a protection against witchcraft, x. 342 ; the purificatory theory of the, more probable than the solar theory, xi. 346 ; elsewhere than in Europe, xi. i sqq. ; in India, xi. i W-» 5 5 in Japan, xi. 9 sq. ; in Fiji, xi. 10 sq. ; in Tahiti, the Marquesas Islands, and Trinidad, xi. ii ; in Africa, xi. 1 1 sqq. ; in classical antiquity in Cappa- docia and Italy, xi. 14 sq. ; their relation to Druidism, xi. 33 sqq,,
45
-god, married to a human virgin,
ii. 195 sqq. ; the Indian (Agni), ii. 249, xi. i, 296 ; the father of Romulus, Servius Tullius, and Caecu- lus, vi. 235 ; Armenian, x. 131 w.8 ; of the Iroquois, prayers to the, x. 299 sq.
- priests in Roman religion, ii. 235 ;
(Agnihotris) of the Brahmans, ii. 247 sqq.
— — -spirit, annual expulsion of the, ix. 141
•-• -sticks of fire-drill regarded as male and female, ii. 208 sqq., 235, 238, 239, 248 sqq., ix. 391 «.4; called "husband and wife," viii. 65
' -sticks, sacred, ii. 217 sqq.
Fire-walk, the, of king of Tyre, v. 114 sq. ; of priestesses at Castabala, v. 168 ; in India, Japan, China, Fiji, etc., xi. i sqq. \ a remedy for disease, xi. 7 ; the meaning of, xi. 15 sqq.
worship a form of ancestor- worship,
ii. 221 ; in Cappadocia, India, and on the Caspian, v. 191 sq.
Firebrand, external soul of Meleager in a, xi. 103
Firebrands, the Sunday of the, the first Sunday in Lent, x. no, 114
Firefly, soul in form of, iii. 67
" Fireless and Homeless," a mythical giant, viii. 265, 266
Fires ceremonially extinguished, i. 33, viii. 73, 74, ix. 172 ; kept burning at home in absence of hunters, fishers, traders, and warriors, i. 120 sq., 125, 128 sq. \ lighted to warm absent warriors by telepathy, i. 127 ; leaping over, to make hemp grow tall, i. 138 ; extinguished at death of kings, ii. 261 sqq.t 267; extinguished at any death, ii. 267 sq., 267 ».4 ; extinguished at driving herds out to pasture for the first time in spring, ii. 341 ; passing between two, as a purification, iii. 114; to burn the witches on the Eve of May Day (Walpurgis Night), ix. 163, x. 159^.; to burn witches on Twelfth' Night, ix. 319; to burn fiends, ix. 320; ex- tinguished as preliminary to obtaining new fire, x. 5 ; annually extinguished and relit, x. 132 sqq. ; autumn, x. 220 sqq. \ the need-fire, x. 269 sqq. ; extinguished before the lighting of the need-fire, x. 270, 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 sq. , 279, 283, 285, 288, 289 sq., 290, 291 sq., 292, 294, 297, 298 sq. ; cattle driven between two fires to rid them of vam pyres, x. 285; of the fire - festivals explained as sun-charms, x. 329, 331 sq. ; ex- plained as purificatory, x. 329 sq., 341 sqq. \ the burning of human beings in the, xi. 21 sqq. ', the solstitial, perhaps sun-charms, xi. 292 ; extin- guished and relighted from a flame kindled by lightning, xi. 297 sq. See also Fire, Bonfires, Need -fire
, the Beltane, x. 146 sqq. ; cattle
driven between, x. 157
, ceremonial, kindled by the friction
of oak-wood, ii. 372
, the Easter, x. 120 sqq.
on the Eve of Twelfth Day, ix.
316 sqq., x. 107
, Hallowe'en, x. 222 sq. , 230 sqq.
, the Lenten, x. 106 sqq.
, Midsummer, x. 160 sqq. ; a pro- tection against witches, x. 180 ; sup-
GENERAL INDEX
273
posed to stop rain, x. 188, 336 ; supposed to be a preventive of back- ache in reaping, x. 189, 344 sq* ; a protection against fever, x. 190
Fires, Midwinter, x. 246 sqq.
, perpetual, of Vesta, i. 13 sq. \ in
Ireland, ii. 240 sqq. ; in Peru and Mexico, ii. 243 sqq. ; origin of, ii. 253 sqq. ; associated with royal dignity, ii. 261 sqq. \ of oak-wood, ii. 365, 366, 372, xi. 91 ; fed with pine-wood, xi. 91 it."1
of St. John in France, x. 183, 188,
189, 190, 192, 193
Firing guns to repel demons, viii. 99. See Guns
Firmicus Maternus on the mourning for Osiris, vi. 86 ; on use of a pine-tree in the rites of Osiris, vi. 108 ; on the murder of Dionysus by the Titans, vii. 13 ; on Demeter and Persephone, vii. 40 n.3
Firs, sacred grove of, ii. n, 32
, Scotch, in the peat-bogs of Europe,
ii. SSL 352
First-born, sacrifice of the, among the Hebrews, iv. 171 sqq. ; among various races, iv. 179 sqq. ; among the Semites, v. no ; at Jerusalem, vi. 219 sq.
-born killed and eaten, iv. 179 sq.
First-born lamb, wool of, used as cure for colic, x. 17
born son never called by his parents
by his name, ni. 337
born sons make need-fire, x. 294 ;
special magical virtue attributed to, x. 295
-fruits offered to Apollo at Delos,
i. 32 ; of the chase dedicated to the Huntress Artemis, ii. 125 sq. ; offered to sacred pontiffs, iii. 5, 21 ; of the corn offered at Lammas, iv. 101 sq. ; offered to the dead, iv. 102 ; of the vintage offered to Icarius and Erigone, iv. 283 ; offered to the Baalim, v. 27 ; offered to the Mother of the Gods, v. 280 n.1 ; offered to dead chiefs, vi. 191 ; offered to Demeter, vii. 46 sqq. ; sent to Athens, vii. 51 ; offered to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis, vii. 53 sqq. ; offered to gods or spirits, vii. 235 ; offered to the sun, vii. 237 ; primitive reluctance to taste, viii. 6 ; sacrament of, viii. 48 sqq. ; offered to goddess of agriculture, viii. 56, 58 ; why savages scruple to eat the, viii. 82 sq. \ sacrifice of, viii. 109 sqq. ; presented to the king, viii. 109, 116, 122 ; offered to the spirits or souls of the dead, viii. 109^., in sqq., 115, 116, 119, 121, 123, 124 sqq., xi. 243
Firstlings, Hebrew sacrifice of, iv. 172
sq. ; Irish sacrifice of, iv. 183 ; offered to the Baalim, v. 27
Fish worshipped in Egypt, i. 30 ; magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90 ; spirits of the dead thought to lodge in, i. 105 ; magical images to procure, i. 108 ; magical stones to ensure a catch of, i. 163 ; in rain- char'm, i. 288 sq. ; thought to cause winds, i. 320 sq. ; souls of dead in certain, ii. 30, v. 95 sq. , viii. 285, 291, 295; not to be eaten, iii. 10; offered by fisherman to his canoe, iii. 195 ; descent of the Dyaks from a, iv. 126 ; descent of a totem clan from a, iv. 129; sacred, viii. 26; the first caught, sacrificed, viii. 132 ; reason for not eating, viii. 140 ; treated with respect by fishing tribes, viii. 249 sqq. ; preachers to, viii. 250 sq. ; invited to come and be caught, viii. 250 sq. , 312 n. ; not to be eaten by persons who have eaten bear's flesh, viii. 251 ; compensated by fishermen, viii. 252 ; first of the season, treated cere- moniously, viii. 253 sqq. ; frightened or killed by proximity of menstruous women, x. 77, 93 ; external soul in a, xi. 99 sq., 122 sq. ; lives of people bound up with, xi. 200, 202, 204, 209
, bones of, not burned, viii. 250,
251 ; not to be broken, viii. 255
, golden, external soul of girl in a,
xi. 147 sq.
Fish-traps, magic of, 5. 109 ; continence observed at making, in. 196, 202
Fisheries supposed to be spoiled by menstruous women, x. 77, 78, 90 sq. ,
93
Fishermen, their use of iron as a talis- man, iii. 233 ; names of, not men- tioned, iii. 330 sq. ; words tabooed by, iii. 394 sq., 396, 408 sq., 415; their superstitions as to herring, viii. 251 sq.
, Shetland, their use of magical
images, i. 69 sq.
Fishermen's magic in the East Indies, i. 109, 113
Fishers and hunters cursed for good luck, i. 280 sq. ; tabooed, iii. 190 sqq.
Fishing for a lost soul, iii. 38, 64
and hunting, homoeopathic magic
in, i. 1 08 sqq. ; telepathy in, i. 120 sqq.
Fishing line, superstitious observances in connexion with, iii. 194 sq.
nets, taboos observed by sacred man
at the making of, iii. 192
Fishtown, in Guinea, monkeys sacred at, viii. 287
Fison, Rev. Lorimer, i. 389 «.8, ii. 13 n.l\ on Fijian treatment of navel-string,
274
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
i. 184 ; on Fijian way of detain- ing the sun, i. 316; on Fijian belief as to whirlwinds, i. 331 #.a; on inspiration of priests in Fiji, i. 378 ; on the Sacred King and the War King of Fiji, iii. 21 ; on the Fijian concep- tion of the soul as a mannikin, iii. 30 n.1 ; on Fijian belief as to absence of soul in dreams, iii. 40 n.1 ; on the Fijian conception of the soul, iii. 92 n.'A \ as to chief's dishes and clothes in Fiji, iii. 131 ; on Fijian custom of personal cleanmess, iii. 158 n.1 ; on the cutting of a chiefs hair in Fiji, iii. 264 ; on custom of grave-diggers in Fiji, iv. 156 n.2\ on Fijian god of earthquakes, v. 202 n. ; on secret burial of chiefs in Fiji, vi. 105 ; on offerings of first-fruits in Fiji, viii. 125 ; on Fijian religion, xi. 244 ns.l>'2>3, 246 n.1
Fits and convulsions set down to demons, iii. 59
Fittleworth, in Sussex, cleft ash -trees used for the cure of rupture at, xi. 169 sq.
Five days' reign of mock king at the Sacaea, iv. 114, ix. 355, 357; of Semiramis, ix. 369
— days' duration of mock king's reign perhaps an intercalary period, ix. 407 n.1
— knots in magic, iii. 306
years, despotic power for period of,
iv. 53 Flacourt, De, on dances of women during
war in Madagascar, i. 131 Fladda, island of, stone of swearing in,
i. 161 ; the chapel of, wind-stone in
the, i. 322 sq.
Fladdahuan, one of the Hebrides, i. 322 Flaget, Mgr. , on a professed incarnation
of the Son of God, i. 409 «.3 Flail, pretence of throttling persons with
flail at threshing, vii. 149, 150, 230 or scourge, an emblem of Osiris, vi.
108, 153 ; for collecting incense, vi.
109 n.1 Flamen, derivation of the name, ii. 235,
247 Flamen Dialis, the, ii. 179, 235, 246, 247 ;
an embodiment of Jupiter, ii. 191 sq. ;
taboos observed by the, ii. 248, iii.
13 sq.t 239, 248, 257, 275, 291, 293,
315 sq. ; interpreted as a living image
of Jupiter, iii. 13 ; the widowed, vi.
227 sqq. \ forbidden to touch a dead
body, but allowed to attend a funeral,
vi. 228 ; bound to be married, vi.
229 ; forbidden to divorce his wife, vi.
229 ; inaugurates the vintage at Rome,
viii. 133
Flamen Dialis and Flaminica, v. 45 sq. , vi. 228 ; assisted by boy and girl oi living parents, vi. 236
Virbiahs, i. 20 n.5
of Vulcan, vi. 232
Flames of bonfires, omens drawn from, x. 159, 165, 336
Flamingoes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, vi. 163
Flaminica, the, ii. 191, 235 ; rules ob- served by the, iii. 14 ; and her husband the Flamen Dialis, v. 45 sq., vi. 228, 236
Flanders, Midsummer fires in, x. 194 ; the Yule log in, x. 249 ; wicker giants in, xi. 35
Flannan Islands off the Lewis, iii. 392 sq. ; certain words tabooed in the, iii.
393 *?•
Flathead Indians. See Salish
Flax, homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 136 ; charms to make flax grow tall, i. 138^., ii. 86, 164, x. 165, 166, 173, 174, 176, 180; omens from the growth of, v. 244 ; pigs' ribs used to make flax grow tall, vii. 300 ; dances to make the flax thrive, viii. 326, 328 ; giddi- ness transferred to, ix. 53 ; bells rung to make flax grow, ix. 247 sq. ; leap- ing over bonfires to make the flax grow tall, x. 119, 165, 1 66, 166 sq. ,
173. 174
Flax crop, prayers and offerings of the old Prussians for the, iv. 156 ; omens of the, drawn from Midsummer bon- fires, x. 165
-mother, near Magdeburg, vii. 133
-pulling, persons wrapt up in flax
at, vii. 225
seed used to strengthen weakly
children, vii. ii ; sown in direction of flames of bonfire, x. 140, 337
Flaying of Men, Mexican festival of the, ix. 296 sqq.
Fleabane as a cure for headache, x. 17
Fleas, leaping over Midsummer fires to get rid of, x. 211, 212, 217
"Fleece of Zeus," Aids Kwdiov, iii. 312 «.8
Flemish cure for ague by transferring it to a willow, ix. 56
Flesh, boiled, not to be eaten by tabooed persons, iii. 185 ; of men eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 148 sqq.
of human victim eaten, vii. 240,
244, 251 ; buried in field, vii. 248, 250
Flesh diet, restricted or forbidden, iii. 291 sqq. \ homoeopathic magic of a, viii. 138 sqq.
Fleuriers, in Switzerland, May-bride- groom at, ii. 91
GENERAL INDEX
375
Flies, in homoeopathic magic, i. 152 ; mock burial of, by Russian girls, on the first of September, viii. 279 sq. ; charms against, viii. 281 ; souls of dead in, viii. 290 sq.
Flight of the priestly king (Regifugittm) at Rome, ii. 308 sqg.t 311 «.4, iv. 213; in religious ritual, ii. 309 «.2; from the demons of disease, ix. 122 sq.
into Egypt, the, xi. 69 n.
of the People at Rome, ii. 319 n.1
Flint, holed, a protection against witches, ix. 162
Flint implements supposed to be thunder- bolts, ii. 374
Flints, not iron, cuts in manslayer or lion-slayer to be made with, iii. 176 ; sharp, circumcision performed with, iii. 227 ; fire kindled by, x. 121, 124, 126, 127, 145, 146, 159
Flood, the great, ix. 399 n.1 ; early account of, ix. 356
Floor, sitting on the, at Christmas, x. 261
Floquet, A., on the privilege of St. Remain at Rouen, ii. 168, 169
Flora of Italy, change in the, i. 8
Florence, ceremony of " Sawing the Old Woman " at, iv. 240 sq. ; ceremony of the new fire at Easter in, x. 126 sq.
Flores, island, treatment of the placenta in, i. 191 ; spiritual ruler in, in. 24 ; the Manggarais of, iii. 324
Florida, American State, sacrifice of first-born male children by the Indians of, iv. 184 ; the Seminoles of, iv. 199, viii. 76
Florida, one of the Solomon Islands, viii. 85, 126; ghosts that draw out men's shadows in, iii. 80 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 ; first-fruits of canarium nuts offered to the dead in, vni. 126; alligator-ghost in, viii. 297 ; cuscus-ghost in, viii. 297 sq.
Florus and Laurus, feast of, on August 1 8th, x. 220
Flower of the banana, women impreg- nated by the, v. 93
of plantain in fertility ceremony,
ii. 102
" of Zeus," v. 186, 187
Flower-bearers in the service ot Hera, ii. 143 w.2
Flowering plants called Mothers, vii. 130
Flowers, omens from, i. 128 ; divination by, on St. George's Day, ii. 339, 345 ; the goddess of, ix. 278 ; thrown on bonfire among the Badagas, xi. 8 ; external souls in, xi. 117 sq. See also Crown and Garlands
• and herbs cast into the Midsummer
bonfires, x. 162, 163, 172, 173
Flowers and leaves as talismans, vi. 242 sq., x. 183
at Midsummer thrown on roofs as
a protection against fire and lightning, x. 169, xi. 48 ; Midsummer festival of, in Riga, x. 177 sq. ; magical virtue attributed to flowers that have been passed across the Midsummer fires, x. 183, 184, 190 ; crown of fresh, sus- pended over Midsummer fire, x. 188 ; wreaths of, hung over doors and windows at Midsummer, x. 201 ; garlands or crowns of, placed on mouths of wells at Midsummer, xi. 28 ; divination by, at Midsummer, xi. 50 sq.
on Midsummer Eve, blessed by St.
John, x. 171 ; garlands of, thrown into water on Midsummer Eve as an offering to the water-spirits, xi. 28 ; the magic flowers of Midsummer Eve, xi. 45 sqq ; used in divination, xi. 52 sq. ; used to dream upon, xi. 52, 54
Flowery Dionysus, vii. 4
Flute, magical, made from human leg- bone, i. 148 ; skill of Marsyas on the, v. 288
Flute music, its exciting influence, v.
54
players dressed as women at Rome,
vi. 259 «.8
Flutes played in the laments for Tammuz, v. 9 ; for Adonis, v. 225 n.s
, sacred, played at initiation, xi. 241
Fly, soul in form of, iii. 36, 39
Fly River, in British New Guinea, xi. 232
Fly-catcher Zeus, viii. 28?
Fly ing -fish, the first of the season offered to the dead, viii. 127
fox, transmigration of sinner into,
viii. 299
" rowan " (parasitic rowan), super- stitions in regard to, xi. 281 ; used to make a divining-rod, xi. 281 sq.
Spirits, the, at Lhasa, ix. 197 sq.
Fo-Kien, province of China, festival of fire in, xi. 3 sqq.
Foam of the sea, the demon Namuci killed by the, xi. 280 ; the totem of a clan in India, xi. 281
Fog, charms to disperse, i. 314
Folgareit, in the Tyrol, Midsummer custom at, xi. 47
Folk-custom, external soul in, xi. 153 sqq.
tales, of virgins sacrificed to mon- sters, ii. 155 ; tongues of wild beasts cut out in, viii. 269 ; reflect primitive customs and beliefs, viii. 269 ; the ex- ternal soul in, xi. 95 sqq.
Follies of Dunkirk, xi. 34 sq.
Foo-chow, the Chinese of, their use of a
276
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
winnowing-sieve in superstitious rites, vii. 6, 9
Food, homoeopathic magic for the supply of, i. 85 sqq. ; eaten dry on principle of homoeopathic magic, i. 114, 144 ; to be eaten dry by rain-doctor when he wishes to avert rain, i. 271 ; rem- nants of, buried as a precaution against sorcery, iii. 118, 119, 127^., 129 ; magic wrought by means of refuse of, iii. 126 sqq. ; taboos on leaving food over, iii. 127 sqq. ; not to be touched with hands, iii. 133, 134 n.1, 138 sqq. , 146 sqq. , 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 203, 265 ; objection to have food over head, iii. 256, 257 ; as a cause of conception in women, v. 96, 102, 103, 104, 105'; set out for ghosts, ix. 154 ; girls at puberty not allowed to handle, x. 23, 28, 36, 40 sq. , 42
— , sacred, not allowed to touch the ground, x, 13 sq.
Foods, forbidden, x. 4, 7, 19, 36^., 38, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 47, 48, 49, 54. 56. 57. 58, 68, 77, 78, 94; to enchanters of crops, vii. 100 ; to meet in stomach of eatdr, vni. 83 sqq.
— — tabooed, on homoeopathic princi- ples, i. 117 sqq. , 135, 155, iii. 291 sqq.
Fool, the Carnival, burial of, iv. 231 sq. ; one of the mummers on Plough Mon- day, viii. 330
Fool-hen, reason for not eating the, viii. 140
"Fool's Stone" in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 195
Fools, festival of, in France, ix. 334 sqq. ; in Germany, Bohemia, and England, ix. 336 n.1
in processions of maskers, ix. 243
Foot, custom of going with only one foot shod, iii. 311 sqq., viii. n ; custom of standing on one, iv. 149, 150, 155, 156 ; limping on one, vii. 232, 284. See also Feet
Foot-race at Olympia, iv. 287 ; of boys at Lhasa, ix. 221 n.1
— -races at Whitsuntide in Germany, ii. 69
Football, suggested origin of, ix. 184
Footprint of Buddha, iii. 275
Footprints of absent hunter not to be looked at by his sister, i. 122 ; con- tagious magic of, i. 207-212, iii. 74
Forbes, C. J. F. S., on the worship of demons in Burma, ix. 95 sq.
Forbidden thing of clan, xi. 313
"Forced fire" or need-fire, ii. 238. See Need-fire
Forchheim, in Bavaria, the burning of Judas at Easter at, x. 143
Fords, offerings and prayers at, ix. 27 sq.
Forefathers expected to give rain, i. 353. See also Ancestors
Forehead, skin of, regarded as the seat of perseverance, viii. 148 ; and eye- brow of enemy eaten, viii. 152
Foreigners marry princesses and receive the kingdom with them, ii. 270 sqq. ; as kings, v. 16 n.
Foreskins removed at circumcision, uses of, i. 92 sq. , 95 ; magical virtue attributed to, i. 95 ; used in rain- making, i. 256 sq. ; of young men offered to ancestral spirits in Fiji, xi. 243 sq.
Forespeaking men and cattle, x. 303
Forests of ancient Europe, ii. 7 sq.
, demons of, abduct human souls,
iii. 60 sq., 67
Forgetful ness, pretence of, by men who have partaken of human flesh, iii. 189; of the past after initiation, xi. 238, 254, 256, 258, 259, 266 sq.
Forked shape of divining-rod, xi. 67 «.*
Forks used in eating by tabooed persons, iii. 148, 168, 169, 203
"Forlorn fire," need-fire, x. 292
Formosa, demon of smallpox transferred to sow in, ix. 33
Fornication thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107
Fors, the, of Central Africa, their super- stition as to nail-parings, iii. 281
Fortuna and Servius Tullius, ii. 193 n.1, 272
Primigema, goddess of Praeneste,
daughter of Jupiter, vi. 234
Fortune of the city on coins of Tarsus, v. 164 ; the guardian of cities, v. 164
, a man's, determined by the day or
hour of his birth, i. 173
Forty days, man treated as a god during, ix. 281 ; man personating god during, ix. 297 ; of Lent, possible pagan origin of the, ix. 348 sq.
nights of mourning for Persephone,
ix. 348
Forum at Rome, temple of Vesta in the, i. 13, ii. 186, 200 ; sacred fig-tree of Romulus in the, ii. 10, 318 : funeral processions in the, ii. 178 ; prehistoric cemetery in the, ii. 186, 202 ; funeral games and gladiatorial fights in the, iv. 96
Fossil bones in limestone caves, v. 153 sq. \ a source of myths about giants, v. 157 sq.
Foucart, G. , on the legend of the origin of the supplementary Egyptian days, ix. 341 n.1
Foucart, P. , on the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 139 n.1 ; identifies Dionysus with Osiris, vi. 113 ».8; on the resurrec- tion of Dionysus, vii. 32 «.6
GENERAL INDEX
277
Foul language at festival of Demeter, vii.
58 Foulahs of Senegambia, their fear of
crocodiles, vni. 214 Fouleres, bonfires on first Sunday in
Lent, x. in n.1 Foulkes, Captain, on external souls
among the Angass of Nigeria, xi. 210 Foundation sacrifices, iii. 89 sqq. Founding cities, Etruscan ceremony at,
iv. 157 Fountains Abbey, the Boy Bishop at, ix.
338 Four Comely Ones, church of the, ii. 161
-handed Apollo, vi. 250 ».a
horse car of the sun-god, iv. 91
kinds of wood used to make the
divining-rod, xi. 69, 291
-leaved clover, a counter-charm for
witchcraft, x. 316 ; at Midsummer useful for magic, xi. 62 sq,
years, many Greek games held
every, iv. 96, vii. 79 sq.
Fourdin, E. , on the procession of the giants at Ath, xi. 36 n.2
Fowl in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 ; sacrificed on roof of new house, ii. 39 ; used in exorcism, iii. 106 ; in purifi- catory rite, iii. 177 ; used to divert evil spirits from pregnant woman, ix. 31. See also Fowls
Fowler, W. Warde, ii. 327 w.2, 329 w.6, ix. 67 «.2 ; on the derivation of June from Juno, ii. 190 «.2 ; on the date of the Saturnalia, ii. 311 «.4 ; on the death of Romulus, ii. 319 n.1 ; on Janus as the god of doors, ii. 383 n.8 ; on the celibacy of the Roman gods, vi. 230, 232 n.lt 234 «., 236 n.1; on Mamurius Veturius, ix. 229 n.1 ; on a Midsummer custom, x. 206 «.2 ; on sex fa luna, xi. 77 n.1 ; on the cere- mony of passing under the yoke, xi. 195 n.* ; on the oak and the thunder- god, xi. 298, 299 «.2, 300
Fowlers, words tabooed by, iii. 393, 407 sq.
Fowls, the ghosts of, dreaded by Baganda women, viii. 231 sq. ; as scapegoats, ix. 31, 33, 36, 52 sq. ; sacrificed, ix. 136. See also Fowl
Fowls' nests, ashes of bonfires put in, x. 112, 338
Fox, intestines of a, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 ; imitation of, as a homoeopathic charm, i. 155 sq. ; asked to give a new tooth, i. 180; guardian spirit as a, i. 200 ; stuffed, vii. 287, 297, viii. 258 n.1 ; corn -spirit as, vii. 296 sq. \ carried from house to house in spring, vii. 297 ; Koryak ceremony at killing a, viii. 223, 244; Esquimau
and Aino treatment of dead, viii. 267 ; soul of dead in a, viii. 286 ; prayed to spare lambs, x. 152, See also Foxes
Fox Indians, iii. 163 n.2
Fox's skin worn by mummer on Plough Monday, viii. 330
tail, name given to last standing
corn, vii. 268
teeth as an amulet, i. 180
tongue as amulet, viii. 270
Foxes not to be mentioned by their proper names, ni. 396, 397, 398; with burning torches tied to their tails at a festival, vii. 297 n.6 ; skulls of, consulted as oracles, viii. 181 ; burnt in Midsummer fires, xi. 39, 41 ; witches turn into, xi. 41. See also Fox
Foxwell, Ernest, on the fire - walk in Japan, xi. 10 n.1
Foxy Dionysus, viii. 282
Fra Angelico, his influence on Catholi- cism, v. 54 w.1
Fraas, F., on the various sorts of mistle- toe known to the ancients, xi. 318
Framin in West Africa, dance of women at, i. 132
Frampton-on-Severn in Gloucestershire, mistletoe on the oak at, xi. 316
France, prehistoric cave-paintings in, 2. 87 n. l ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 ; images of saints dipped in water in, as a rain-charm, i. 307 ; kings of, touch for scrofula, i. 370 ; May customs in, ii. 63 ; leaf-encased mummer in, ii. 83 ; the May Queen in, ii. 87 ; acorns eaten in, ii. 356 ; belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424 ; belief as to meteors in, iv. 67; "Sawing the Old Woman" at Mid -Lent in, iv. 241 sq. ; harvest customs in, v. 237 ; timber felled in the wane of the moon in, vi. 136 ; the Corn-mother in, vii. 135 ; the corn- spirit as a dog or wolf in, vii. 271, 272, 275; "Killing the Hare" at harvest in, vii. 280 ; omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295 ; corn-spirit as fox in, vii. 296 ; superstitions as to the wren in, viii. 318 ; hunting the wren in, viii. 320 sq. ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; cure for warts in, ix. 48 ; cure for toothache in, ix. 59 ; dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238 ; the King of the Bean in, ix. 313 sqq. ; divination on Christmas Day in, ix. 316 n.1 ; weather fore- casts for 'the year in, ix. 323 sq. \ the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329 ; Festival of Fools in, ix. 334 sqq. ; the Boy Bishop in, ix. 336 sq. \ Lenten fires in, x.
278
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
109 sqq. \ Midsummer fires in, x. 181 sqq. ; fires on All Saints' Day in, x. 245 sg. ; the Yule log in, x. 249 sqq. ; wonderful herbs gathered on St. John's Eve (Midsummer Eve) in, xi. 45 sqq. ; mugwort (herb of St. John) at Midsummer in, xi. 58 sq. ; fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65 ; judicial treat- ment of sorcerers in, xi. 158 ; birth-trees in, xi. 165 ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in, xi. 170. See also French
Franche - Comte*, dances in, to make hemp grow, i. 137; girl called "the spouse" on May Day in, n. 88 n. ; effigies of Shrove Tuesday destroyed in, iv. 227 ; "catching or killing the cat" at harvest in, vii. 281 ; the goat at threshing in, vii. 286 sq. ; the King of the Bean m, ix. 313 ; bonfires on the Eve of Twelfth Night in, ix. 316 ; the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in, ix. 330 ; continence during Lent in, ix. 348 fl.1 ; Lenten fires in, x. i ro sq. ; fires of St. John in, x. 189 ; the Yule log in, x. 254
Franconia (Franken), the King of the Bean in, ix. 315 n.
Franken, Bavaria, customs at threshing in, vii. 148
, Middle, the "Carrying out of
Death " in, iv. 233 sq. ; fire custom at Easter in, x. 143
Frankenstein, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 n.
Franken wald Mountains, ix. 160 ; the Walber on the 2nd of May in the, li. 65 ; the Wood-woman at harvest in the, vii. 232
Frankfort, the feast of Purim at, ix. 363
s?> . 394 t Frankish kings, their unshorn hair, iii.
258 sq.
Fraser Lake in British Columbia, x. 47 River, Indians of the, their con- ception of the soul, iii. 27 sq. ; their belief as to the shadow, iii. 80 ; asked pardon of the porcupines which they killed, viii. 243 ; their respectful treatment of the first sockeye-salmon of the season, viii. 253 sq. Fratres Arva/es, ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232.
See Arval Brothers
Frauenkirche, the, at Munich, ix. 215 Fravashis, the souls of the dead in the
Iranian religion, vi. 67 n.2, 68 Frazer, Lady, on personal names among the Indians of Chiloe, iii. 324 «.4; on Holy Innocents' Day, ix. 337 «.2 Free Spirit, Brethren of the, i. 408 Freiburg in Baden, St. George as the patron of horses in villages near, ii. 337
Freiburg in Switzerland, Lenten fires in, x. 119 ; fern and treasure on St. John's Night in, xi. 288
Freising, in Bavaria, creeping through a narrow opening in the cathedral of, xi. 189
" French and English" or the "Tug-of- war" as a religious or magical rite, ix 174 sqq.
French cure for fever by tying patient to tree, ix. 55 ; for whooping-cough by passing patient under an ass, xi. 192 n.1
custom of crowning cattle on Mid
summer Day, ii. 127
Islands, use of bull-roarers in the,
xi. 229 n.
peasants ascribe magical powers to
priests, i. 231-233 ; their superstition as to a virgin and a flame, ii. 240, x. 139 n. ; regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, vi. 133 n.s, 135
reapers, their saying at reaping the
last corn, vii. 268
Fresh and green, beating people, ix. 270 sq.
Fresh meat tabooed to persons who have handled a corpse, iii. 143
Frey, the Scandinavian god of fertility, vi. 100 sq. ; his human wife, ii. 143 sq. ; his image and festival at Upsala, ii. 364 sq.
Freycinet, L. de, on a Hawaiian festival, iv. 118 n. 1
Frickthal, Switzerland, the Whitsuntide Lout in the, ii. 81 ; the Whitsuntide Basket in the, ii. 83
Friction of wood, fire kindled by, ii. 207 sqq., 235 sqq., 243, 248 sqq., 258 sq., 262, 263, 336, 366, 372, viii. 127, 136, x. 132, 133. 135, 136, 137, 138, 144 sq., 148, 155, 169 sq., 175, 177, 179, 220, 264, 270 sqq. , 335 sq. , xi. 8 ; new fire made by, vii. 311, viii. 74, 78 ; sacred fire made by, viii. 314 ; the most primitive mode of making fire, xi. 90, 295
Friedlingen, in Swabia, the thresher oi the last corn called the Sow at, vii. 298
"Friendly Society of the Spirit" among the Naudowessies, xi. 267
Friesland, harvest custom in, vii. 268
, East, the clucking-hen at threshing
in, vii. 277
Frigento, Valley of Amsanctus near, v. 204
Frigg or Frigga, the Norse goddess, and Balder, x. 101, 102
Fringes to hide the eyes of girls at puberty, iii. 146, x. 47, 48
Fritsch, G. , on Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 n*
Frodsham, Dr., on aboriginal Australian belief in conception without sexual inter- course, v. 103 «.8
GENERAL INDEX
279
Frog, slipperiness of, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 ; worshipped, i. 294 sq. ; love-charm made from the bone of a, »• 345 »' transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299. See also Frogs
Frog-flayer, the, in Whitsuntide pageant, ii. 86
Frogs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155 ; and ducks imitated in rain-making, i. 255 ; in relation to rain, i. 292 sqq. \ worshipped by the Newars of Nepaul, i. 294 sq. ; hanged or beheaded by mummers at Whitsuntide, ii. 86 sq. ; maladies transferred to, ix. 50, 53
Frosmone in Latium, burning an effigy of the Carnival at, iv. 22 sq.
Froth from a mill-wheel as a charm against witches, ii. 340
Fruit-bearer, epithet of Demeter, vii. 63
trees, grove of, round temple of
Artemis, i. 7 ; Diana a patroness of, i. 15 sq. ; homoeopathic magic m re- lation to, i. 140 sq. , 142, 143, 145; fertilized by fruitful women, i. 140 sq. ; barren, clothed in woman's petticoat to make them bear, i. 142 ; barren women thought to make fruit-trees barren, i. 142 ; various superstitions as to, i. 143, 145 ; girt with ropes of straw on Christmas Eve in Ger- many, ii. 17 ; fear to fell, ii. 19 ; threatened to make them bear fruit, ii. 20-22, x. 114 ; barren women ferti- lized by, ii. 56 sq., 344; worshippers of Osiris forbidden to injure, vi. in ; Dionysus a god of, vii. 3 sq. ; bound with Yule straw, vii. 301 ; presided over by dead chiefs, viii. 125; wrapt in straw during the Twelve Nights as a precaution against evil spirits, ix. 164 ; fire applied to, on Eve of Twelfth Night, ix. 317 ; Midsummer fires lit under, x. 215 ; shaken at Christmas to make them bear fruit, x. 248 ; fumigated with smoke of need-fire, x. 280 ; ferti- lized by burning torches, x. 340
Fruitful tree, use of stick cut from a, ix. 264
Fruits blessed on day of Assumption of the Virgin, i. 14 sqq. ; Artemis and Diana as patronesses of, i. 15 sq.
and roots, wild, ceremonies at gather- ing the first of the season, viii. 80 sqq.
Fuegian charm to make the wind drop, i. 320
Fuegians, their mode of kindling fire, ii. 258 ; their procedure at cutting hair, iii. 282
Fuga daemonum, St. John's wort, xi. 55
Fukhien, fear of tree-spirits in, ii. 14
Fulda, the Lord of the Wells at, xi. 28
Fulgora, a Roman goddess, vi. 231
Fumigating flocks and herds at the Parilia on April 2ist, ii. 229, 326, 327
Fumigation with laurel, i. 384 ; of flocks and herds as a charm against witch- craft, ii. 327, 330, 335, 336, 339, 343 ; with incense a charm against witch- craft, ii. 336 ; as a mode of ceremonial purification, iii. 155, 177, 424; of flocks by shepherds, viii. 42, 43 ; as a mode of cultivating moral virtues, viii. 1 66 sq. ; with juniper and rue as a precaution against witches, ix. 158 ; of pastures at Midsummer to drive away witches and demons, x. 170 ; of crops with smoke of bonfires, x. 201, 337; of fruit-trees, nets, and cattle with smoke of need-fire, x. 280 ; of byres with juniper, x. 296 ; of sheep and cattle in Africa, xi. 12, 13 ; of trees with wild thyme on Christmas Eve, xi. 64
Fiinen, in Denmark, cure for childish ailments at, xi. 191
Funeral of Drought, a rain-making cere- mony, i. 274 ; of Kostroma, iv. 261 sqq. ; of caterpillars, viii. 279 ; of dead snake, viii. 317; of Death, ix. 205; relations whipped at a, ix. 260 sq.
Funeral customs in Ceos, i. 105 ; intended to save the souls of survivors, iii. 51 sqq. , xi. 1 8 ; of old Prussians and Lithuanians, iii. 238 ; of the Pata- gonians, v 194 ; of the Mongols, v. 293 ; in Madagascar, vi. 247 ; in Tahiti, viii. 97 ; in Chamba, ix. 45 ; in Uganda, ix. 45 n.*\ of the Michemis, x. 5 ; observed by mourners in order to escape from the ghost, xi. 174 sqq.
games, iv. 92 sqq.
pyre of Roman emperor, v. 126 sq.
rites, certain, perhaps intended to
ensure reincarnation, i. 101 sqq. ; per- formed for a father in fifth month of his wife's pregnancy, iv. 189 ; denied to those who have been hanged, iv. 282 ; of the Egyptians a copy of those performed over Osiris, vi. 15 ; of Osiris, described in inscription of Denderah, vi. 86 sqq.-
B'unerals, personation of the illustrious dead at Roman, ii. 178 ; in China, custom as to shadows at, iii. 80 ; exorcism of ghosts after, iii. 106 sq. ; mock human sacrifices at, iv. 216 ; bullocks as scapegoats at, ix. 37 ; the tug-of-war at, ix. 174 sq. See also Burial, Burials
Furfo, temple of Jupiter Liber at, iii. 230
Furies, invocation of the, by their names, iii. 390 ; their snakes, v. 88 n.1
Furnace, walking through a fiery, as a religious rite, xi. 3 sqq.
Furness, W. H. , on prostitution of un-
280
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
married girls in Yap, vi. 266 ; on pass- ing under an archway, xi. 179 sq. , 180 n.1
Furnivall, J. S. , on the last sheaf at rice- harvest, vii. 190 sq.
Furrow drawn round village as protection against epidemic, ix. 172
Fiirstenwald, athletic competition after harvest in villages near, vii. 76 ; the harvest Cock at, vii. 276
Furth in Bavaria, the Slaying of the Dragon at, ii. 163 sqq.
Furtwangler, A., on Diana at NemS, i. 16 w.2; on rain-making at Crannon, i. 309 n.Q
Futuna, island in the South Pacific, inspired king in, i. 388 sq. ; boxing- matches in honour of the dead in, iv. 97
Fylgia, guardian spirit of child, i. 200
Fytche, A., on the execution of royal criminals in Burma, iii. 242
Gabb, W. M., on ceremonial unclean- ness among the Indians of Costa Rica, x. 65 n.1
Gablingen, in Swabia, the Oats-goat at reaping at, vii. 282
Gablonz, in Bohemia, Midsummer bed of flowers at, xi. 57
Gaboon, circumcision among the dwarf tribes of the, i. 95 «.4 ; Mpongwe kings of the, vi. 104; negroes of the, regulate their planting by the moon, vi. 134 ; the Mpongwe of the, their mode of agriculture, vii. 119; birth -trees in the, xi. 1 60 ; theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200 sq.
Gabriel, the archangel, iii. 302, 303 ; in a Malay charm, i. 58
Gacko, need-fire at, x. 286
Gad, Semitic god of fortune, v. 164, 165
Gadabursi, a Somali tribe, milk-drinking after marriage among the, vi. 246
Gadbas, the, of the Central Provinces in India, offer the first-fruits to the cattle, viii. 118 sq.
Gades (Cadiz), worship of Hercules (Melcarth) av v. 112 sq. ; temple of Melcarth at, vi. 258 n.6
Gage, Thomas, on naguals among the Indians of Guatemala, xi. 213
Gaidoz, H.f on the custom of passing sick people through cleft trees, xi. 171
Gaj, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282
Gaktei, the, of New Britain, called 41 rotten tree-trunks" by their foes, iii.
33i
Galatian senate met in Drynemetum, "the sacred oak grove" or "the temple of the oak," ii. 363, xi. 89
Galatians, their worship of the oak,
ii. 126 ; their Celtic language, ii. 126 «.a, xi. 89 «.2
Galela, dread of women at menstruation in, x. 79
Galelareese of Halmahera, hunter's magic among the, i. no ; fisherman's magic among the, i. 113 ; telepathy in war among the, i. 130 ; taboos on pregnant women among the, i. 141 n.l\ their belief in the homoeopathic magic of fruits and vegetables, i. 143, 145 ; homoeopathic magic of the dead among the, i. 147 sq. ; their charm made from the ashes of spiders, i. 152 ; their superstition as to the sharpening of a knife, i. 158 ; their superstition as to the tide, i. 167 ; their treatment of the navel- string, i. 1 86 ; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 208 ; their way of deceiving the fruit of the aren palm, ii. 22 ; their superstition as to felling the last tree of a wood, ii. 38 ; their belief that incest causes heavy rain, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions, ii. in ; abduction of souls among the, iii. 60 ; their superstition as to a child who resembles his father, iii. 88 ; their superstition as to mirrors, iii. 93 ; their taboos as to stepping over things, iii. 423 ; as to human sacrifices to volcanoes, v. 220 ; their belief as to a bird croaking among rice in ear, vii. 296 ; their custom of burying the stem of a banana-tree with the dead, viii. 97 ; their rites of initiation, xi. 248
Galelareese charm to make a fruit-tree bear, i. 142; to strengthen teeth, i. 157
sailors at sea, words tabooed to,
iii. 414
Galicia, the Ruthenians of, their charm to increase a cow's milk, i. 198 ; witches on St. George's Day in, ii. 335 ; the Wheat-mother, Rye-mother, and Pea- mother in, vii. 135 ; the harvest Cock in, vii. 277
Galingale, flowers of, used to strike women or girls in Mexico, ix. 288
Gall of eagle in homoeopathic magic, i. 154 ; of sheep in rain-making, i. 290 ; of ox in rain-making, i. 291 ; of ox, man-slayers anointed with, iii. 172, 175 ; of sacrificial bull drunk by king and people, viii. 68 ».8; of enemies drunk, viii. 152
Gall-bladders, the seat of courage, viii. 145 sq.
Gall, village in Yap, bananas tabooed as food at, iii. 293 «.2
Gallas, kings of the, i. 48 ; their magical use of tortoises, i. 151 ; their treat ment of the navel -string, i. 195 ;
GENERAL INDEX
281
inspired women among the, i. 395 sq. ; sacred trees of the, ii. 34 ; dance round sacred trees, ii. 47 ; their per- petual fires, ii. 261 ; their king not allowed to fight, iii. 13 n.6 ; sacrifice to the guardian spirits of their slain foes, iii. 1 66 ».a ; their worship of serpents, v. 86 n,1 \ their communion with the dead through food, viii. 154 ; will not eat the flesh of the biceps, viii. 266 n,1 ; cut out the tongues of animals, viii. 270 ; their mode of expelling fever, ix. 121; annual period of licence among the, ix. 226 n.1 \ their story of the origin of death, ix. 304
Gallas, the Borana, custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 n.1
Galli, the emasculated priests of Attis, v. 266, 283
Gallic Councils, their prohibition of carry- ing torches, x. 199
recklessness of life, iv. 143
Galloway, " cutting the Hare" at harvest in, vii. 279
Gallows Hill, witches dance on the, on Walpurgis Night, ix. 162 ; magical plants gathered on the, xi. 57
— -rope used to kindle need -fire, x. 277
Gallon, Sir Francis, on European fear of death, iv. 146 n.2 ; on the vale of the Adonis, v. 29
Galway, County, Candlemas custom in, ii. 95 «•
Gambling allowed during three days of the year in Siam, ix. 150
Game, dead, in certain cases not brought into house through door, viii. 256, 256 n.1. See also Door
Game law of the Njamus, vi. 39
Game of ball played as a rite, viii. 76, 79 ; played to produce rain or dry weather, ix. 179 sq.
with fruit-stones played by kings of
Uganda, vi. 224
of Troy, iv. 76 sq.
Gamelion, Attic month, corresponding to January, ii. 137 n.1
Games, funeral, iv. 92 sqq. ; the great Greek, iv. 92 sq., 103 sqq.; held by harvesters, vii. 75 sqq. ; magical sig- nificance of, in primitive agriculture, vii. 92 sqq. ; played at the sowing festival among the Kayans, vii. 94 W'» 97 *$• J played by the Kai of New Guinea as charms for the good of the crops, vii. 101 sq. ; many games probably originated in magical rites, vii. 103 «.1; athletic, viii. 66
— — , the Eleusinian, vii. 70 sqq. , 87 sq. , no, 180
— , the Eleutherian, vii. 80
VOL. Xll
Games, Greek, quadriennial period of,
vii. 77 sqq. ; octennial period of, vii. 80 , the Isthmian, iv. 92, 93, 103,
vii. 86
, the Nemean, iv. 92, 93, vii. 86
, the Olympic, iv. 90, 92, 98 sq.t
103, 105, vii. 80, 84, 86
, the Panathenaic, vii. 80
, the Pythian, iv. 80, 90, 92, 93,
vii. 80, 84 Gamp, Mrs. , as to coins on the eyes of
a corpse, i. 149 «.5 Gander, the corn -spirit as a, vii. 268,
270
Gander's neck, name given to last stand- ing corn, vii. 268 Gandersheim, in Brunswick, need-fire at,
x. 277
Gandharva pice, iv. 132 n.1 Sena, an ass by day and a man
by night, iv. 124 sq. Ganesa, new rice offered to image of,
viii. 56 Gangas, fetish priests of the Loango
coast, iii. 291 Ganges, first-born children sacrificed to
the, iv. 1 80 sq. Gaolis of the Deccan place new-born
children on sieves, vii. 7 sq. Gap, in the High Alps, cats roasted alive
in the Midsummer fire at, xi. 39 sq. Garcilasso de la Vega, on the reverence
for the Incas, i. 415 n.2 ; on the virgin
Peruvian priestesses of fire, ii. 244 n. l ;
on the fish-worship of the Peruvian
Indians, viii. 249 sq. ; on the annual
expulsion of evils in Peru, ix. 130 «.* Garda, the Lake of, custom at Mid-Lent
on, iv. 241 Gardelegen, in the Altmark, the He-goat
at harvest near, vii. 287 Garden of Osiris, vi. 87 sq. Gardens of Adonis, v. 236 sqq. ; charms
to promote the growth of vegetation,
v. 236 sq. , 239 ; in India, v. 239 sqq. ;
in Bavaria, v. 244 ; in Sardinia, v.
244 sq. ; in Sicily, v. 245 ; at Easter,
v. 253 sq.
of God, v. 123, 159
Gardiner, Professor J. Stanley, on the
phosphorescence of the sea, ii. 154 sq. Gardner, Professor Ernest A. , on date of
the corn-reaping in Greece, v. 232 n. Gardner, Mrs. E. A., x. 131 n.1 Gardner, Professor Percy, on the re- presentation of Persephone on a coin
of Lampsacus, vii. 44 Gareloch, in Dumbartonshire, harvest
customs on the, vii. 157 sq., 218 ».a.
268 GargouilU or dragon destroyed by St.
Remain, ii. 167
282
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Garlands of flowers (wreaths) placed on horns of cattle on St. George's Day to protect them against witchcraft, ii. 126, 339 ; cast into water as a form of divination on St. George's Day, ii. 339, and on Midsummer Eve, xi. 28 ; worn by young people jumping over the Midsummer fires, x. 165 ; thrown on roofs of houses at Midsummer to guard them against fire and lightning, x. 169, xi. 48 ; looking at Midsummer bonfires through, x. 174 ; placed on wells at Midsummer, xi. 28 ; twined of nine kinds of flowers used to dream on at Midsummer, xi. 52 ; thrown on trees, a form of divination, at Midsummer, xi. 53. See also Flowers and Wreaths
on May Day, ii. 60 sqq. , 90 sq.
Garlic, soul-compelling virtue of, hi. 46 ; roasted at Midsummer fires, x. 193
Garman or Carman, the fair of, iv. 100
Garments, effect of wearing sacred, iii. 4
Garonne, Midsummer fires in the valley of the, x. 193
Garos of Assam, their rain-charm by means of a black goat, i. 291 ; cere- mony of the Horse at rice - harvest among the, viii. 43 n.1, 337 sqq. ; offer the first-fruits to the gods, vni. 116 sq. ; their annual use of a scapegoat, ix. 208 sq.
Garstang, Professor J., on Hittite sculp- tures at Ibreez, v. 122 w.1, 123 n.^\ on Hittite sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 133 n. , 135 n. ; on Arenna, v. 136 n.1 ; on the Syrian god Hadad, v. 163 w.8
Gascon peasants, their belief in the magical power of priests, i. 232 sq.
Gashes cut in back, Australian initiatory rite, vii. 106
Gates of city opened or shut as charm for ensuring rain or sunshine, i. 298 sq. ; sacrifice of human beings at foundations of, iii. 98 sq.
Gateway, refusal of Marquesan chief to pass through, iii. 254
Gateways of villages, sacrificial blood smeared on, iv. 176 n.1
Gathas, a part of the Zend-Avesta, vi. 84 n.
Gatri, in Nigeria, kings of, formerly put to death, iv. 34 sq.
Gatschet, A. S., on absence of historic traditions caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 363 ; on the absence of totemism in California and Oregon, viii. 175 n.2 ; on the Toukawe Indians, xi. 276 n.2
Gattanewa, a Marquesan chief, his re- gard for the sanctity of his head, iii.
Gatto, in Benin, annual expulsion ol demons at, ix. 1315^.
Gaul, the Druids of, ii. 189 ; Posidonius in, iv. 142 ; worship of Cybele in, v. 279 ; the Celts of, their calendar, ix. 342 sqq. ; " serpents' eggs " in ancient, x. 15 ; human sacrifices in ancient, xi. 32 sq. See also Gallic
Gauls, their " sacred spring, " iv. 187 «.5 their fortification walls, x. 267 sq.
Gauntlet, running the, penalty for killing a sacred python, iii. 222
Gauri, harvest - goddess, wife of Siva, represented by a girl and a bundle of plants, ii. 77 sq., vii. 207
Gavres, Persian fire- worshippers, iv. 158
Gayo, a district of Sumatra, rice fed like a pregnant woman and given water to drink in, ii. 29 ; the crops ravaged by wild swine and mice in, viii. 33
Gayos of Northern Sumatra, their offer- ing to the Lord of the Wood before clearing a piece of forest, ii. 36 ; pro- pitiate the Lord of the Wood before hunting in the forest, ii. 125 ; super- stitions of gold-washers among the, iii. 409 «.3 ; their euphemism for small- pox, iii. 410
Gazelle Peninsula in New Britain, bene- ficial effect of contagious magic in the, i. 175 ; continence at the building of a canoe in the, iii. 202 ; the name of a brother-in-law not to be mentioned among the natives of the, iii. 344 ; the natives of the, their belief as to meteors, iv. 65 ; conduct of the natives in an earthquake, v. 201 ; the Melanesians of the, vi. 242 sq. ; woman's share in agriculture among the natives of the, vii. 123 ; the Livuans of the, their belief in demons, ix. 82 sq. ; natives of the, their story of the origin of death, ix. 303 sq. ; the Ingniet society in the, xi. 156
Gazelles sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, vi. 15 ; souls of dead in, viii. 289
Ge-lug-pa, a Lamaist sect, ix. 94
Gebal, Semitic name of Byblus, v. 13 «.
Gebars of New Guinea, temporary seclu- sion of cannibals among the, iii. 190
Geelvink Bay in New Guinea, magical telepathy among the tribes of, i. 125 ; belief in a forest-spirit at, iii. 60 sq.
Geese sacrificed at Egyptian funerals, vi. 15 ; the straw of the Shrovetide Bear supposed to make geese lay eggs, viii. 326
Geismar, in Hesse, Jupiter's oak at, ii.
364
Gellius, Aulus, on the triumphal crowns, ii. 175 n.1; his list of old Roman deities, vi. 232. See also Aulus Gellius
GENERAL INDEX
283
Gellius, Cnaeus, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232
Gelo, tyrant of Syracuse, iv. 167
Gem, external soul of magician in a, xi. 105 sq. ; external soul of giant in a, xi. 130
Geminus, Greek astronomer, on the vague Egyptian year, vi. 26 ; on the octennial cycle, vii. 81 ; on the sup- posed influence of the stars, vii. 318 sq.
Generalizations of science inadequate to cover all particular facts, viii. 37
Generation, male organ of, as emblem of Dionysus, vii. 12 ; effigy of, m Thra- cian ceremony, vii. 26, 29
Genesis, Sarah and Abraham in, ii. 114 ; account of the creation in, iv. 106 ; the Babylonian, ix. 410
Geneva, Midsummer fires in the canton of, x. 172
Genital organs of murdered people eaten, 111. 190 ».2; of Osiris, tradition as to the, vi. 10, 102 ; of dead man used to fertilize the fields, vi. 102 sq.
Genius, the Roman guardian-spirit, sym- bolized by a serpent, v. 86, xi. 212 n.
Genius, Aristotle on men of, viii. 302 n.6
of Industry in China represented by
a boy with one foot shod and one foot bare, viii. n
or patron of animals, viii. 243
of Spring in Annam, viii. 14
Genna, taboo, among the hill tubes of Assam, in. u, vii. 109 n.2
Gennep, A. van, on the double-headed Janus, ii. 385 n.1
Gennesaret, the Lake of, viii. 32
Genzano, the village of, i. 5 n.2
Geographical and climatic conditions, their effect on national character, vi. 217
Geomancy in China, i. 170, lii. 239
George, Green, a leaf-clad mummer on St. George's Day, ii. 75, 76, 79
George the Third, i. 216
Georges d'Amboise, great bell at Rouen, ii. 168
Georgia, the Caucasian, rain-making in, i. 282
Geraestius, a Greek month, ix. 350
Geranium burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213
Gerard, E., on the belief of the Rou- manians in demons, ix. 106 sq.
Gerhausen, the Frauenberg near, x. 166
German belief as to the escape of the soul, iii. 37
cures for toothache by transferring
it to trees, ix. 57, 58, 59
custom of throwing a knife or a
hat at a whirlwind, i. 329 ; of crown- ing cattle on Midsummer Day, ii. 127 ;
of sowing seed over weakly children, vii. ii
German huntsmen call everything by special names, iii. 396
laws, old, their punishment for
barking a tree, ii. 9
peasants, their treatment of the
afterbirth of a cow, i. 198 sq. ; their homoeopathic treatment of a broken leg, i. 205
saying as to not leaving a knife
edge upward, iii. 238
superstition as to largeness of last
sheaf, vii. 139 «.7; as to understanding the language of animals, viii. 146
way of freeing gardens from cater- pillars, viii. 275
women, their use of milk-stones, L
165
woodmen, their ceremony at felling
a tree, ii. 38
Germans, oldest sanctuaries of the, ii. 8 sq. ; evidence of mother-kin among the, ii. 285 ; the oak sacred among the, xi. 89
the ancient, their worship of women
i. 391 ; their tree -worship, ii. 8 sq. their worship of the oak, ii. 363 sq. their customs as to their hair, iii. 262 their regard for the phases of the moon, vi. 141 ; left the care of the fields to women and old men, vii. 129 ; their human sacrifices, xi. 28 n.1
of Moravia, their precautions
against witchcraft on Walpurgis Night, ii. 55 ; their custom on Laetare Sunday, ii. 63
of Transylvania, their belief as to
knots in a coffin, iii. 310
of West Bohemia call the last sheaf
the Old Man, vii. 138 ; their custom of beating each other at Christmas, ix. 270 ; Twelfth Day among the, ix. 331
Germany, populai cures for jaundice, St. Anthony's fire, &nd bleeding in, i. 8 1 ; dancing or leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 138 sq. ; custom as to cast teeth in, i. 178 ; treatment of weapons that have wounded in, i. 204 ; beating an absent man vicariously in, i. 207 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210, 211 sq. ; meal offered to the wind in, i. 329 n.5', fruit-trees girt or tied together with straw on Christmas Eve in, ii. 17, 27 sq. ; the Harvest May in, ii. 47, 48 ; use of May-trees to make cows yield milk in, ii. 52 ; the rowan-tree a charm against witchcraft in, ii. 53 n.6, ix. 267 ; pre- cautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54 ; Midsummer trees in, ii. 65 sq. ; races at Whitsuntide in, ii,
284
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
69 ; races at a marriage in, ii. 303 sq. ; acorns as fodder for swine in, ii. 356 ; custom of passing patients through a hole in an oak-tree as a cure in, ii. 371 ; presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester's Day and Christmas Eve in, iii. 88 ; mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95 ; belief as to combing and cut- ting children's hair in, iii. 263 sq. ; dis- posal of cut hair in, iii. 275 sq. ; certain animals not to be called by their proper names between Christmas and Twelfth Night in, iii. 396 ; belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424 ; belief as to a man's star in, iv. 66 ; harvest custom in, v. 237 ; leaping over Midsummer fires in, v. 251 ; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 sqq. ; popular superstition as to the influence of the moon in, vi. 133, 140 sq. , 149; peasants regulate their sowing and planting by the moon in, vi. 135 ; the Corn-mother in, vii. 132 sgq. ; the last sheaf called the Old Woman in, vii. 136 ; the last sheaf called the Old Man in, vii. 137 ; the last sheaf at harvest called the Biide in, vii. 162 ; treatment of passing strangers by reapers and threshers in, vii. 225 ; cries of reapers in, vii. 269 ; the corn-spirit as a dog or wolf in, vii. 271, 273 ; the last corn as a cock in, vii. 276, 277 ; the last sheaf called the Hare in, vii. 279, 280 ; omens from the cry of the quail in, vii. 295 ; corn-spirit as fox in, vii. 296 ; pigs' bones in connexion with sowing in, vii. 300 ; the harvest-cock in, viii. 44 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; cure for warts in, ix. 54 ; cure for toothache in, by transplanting it to a tree, ix. 59 ; dances or leaps to make the crops grow high in, ix. 238 ; ' ' Easter Smacks " in, ix. 268 sq. ; custom of young people beating each other on Holy Innocents' Day in, ix. 270 ; the King of the Bean in, ix. 313 ; weather of the twelve months thought to be determined by the weather of the Twelve Days in, ix. 322 ; weather forecasts by means of a peeled onion in, ix. 323 ; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Night in, ix. 329 ; the festival of Fools in, ix. 336 n.1 ; Lenten fires in, x. 115 sq. ; Easter bonfires in, x. 140 sqq. ; custom at eclipses in, x. 162 «. ; the Midsummer fires in, x. 163 sqq. ; the Yule log in, x. 247 sqq. : belief in the transforma- tion of witches into animals in, x. 321 «.a ; colic, sore eyes, and stiffness of the back attributed to witchcraft in, x. 344 sq. \ mugwort at Midsummer in,
xi. 59 ; orpine gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 62 n. ; fern-seed at Midsummer thought to be endowed with marvellous properties in, xi. 65 ; mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83 ; the need-fire kindled by the friction of oak in, xi. 91 ; oak-wood used to make up cot- tage fires on Midsummer Day in, xi. 91 sq. ; stories of the external soul in, xi. 116 sqq. ; birth-trees in, xi. 165 ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture in, xi. 170 sqq.
Germany, ancient, the forests of, ii. 353
Gerontocracy, the rule of old men, in Australia, i. 335
Gervasius of Tilbury, on a rain-producing spring, i. 301
Gestr and the spae-wives, Icelandic story of, xi. 125 sq.
Getae, human god among the, i. 392 ; priestly kings of the, iii. 21
Gewar, king of Norway, his daughter Nanna wooed by Balder, x. 103
Gezer, Canaanitjsh city, excavations at, v. 1 08
Gezo, King, restricts the benefit of clergy on the Slave Coast, v. 68
Ghansyam Deo, a deity of the Gonds, protector of the crops, ix. 217
Ghats, the Eastern, use of scapegoats in the, ix. 191
Ghennabura, religious head of village in Manipur, iii. 292
Ghera, a Galla kingdom, birth names of kings not to be pronounced in, iii. 375
Ghineh, monument of Adonis at, v. 29
Ghost of afterbirth thought to adhere to navel-string, vi. 169 sq.
of husband kept from his widow,
iii. 143 ; fear of evoking the ghost by mentioning his name, iii. 349 sqq. ; chased into the grave at the end of mourning, iii. 373 sq.
, the Holy, regarded as female, iv.
5«-8
, oracular, in a cave, xi. 312 sq.
, precaution against, i. 142, 154
Ghosts, supernatural power of chiefs in Melanesia thought to be derived from, i. 338 sq. ; draw away the souls of their kinsfolk, iii. 51 sqq. ; sacrifices to, iii. 56, 247 ; draw out men's shadows, iii. 80 ; as guardians of gates, iii. 90 sq. ; exorcized after funerals, iii. 106 sq. ; kept off by thorns, iii. 142 ; the purification of homicides and murderers designed to free them from the ghosts of their victims, iii. 186 sq. ; and demons averse to iron, iii. 232 sqq .; fear of wounding, iii. 237 sq. ; swept out of house, iii. 238 ; names changed in order to deceive ghosts or to avoid
GENERAL INDEX
attracting their attention, iii. 354 sqq. ; easily duped, iii. 355 ; propitiated with blood, iv. 92 ; propitiated with games, iv. 96 ; dearth and famine attributed to the anger of, iv. 103 ; thought to impregnate women, v. 93, ix. 18 ; of the dead personated by living men, vi. 52, 53, 58 ; who preside over gardens, fear of offending the, viii. 85 ; deceived by the substitution of effigies for living persons, viii. 94 sqq. , 97 sqq. \ first- fruits offered to, viii. 126 sq. ; offer- ings to ancestral, viii. 127 ; disabled by the mutilation of their bodies, viii. 271 sqq. ; of suicides feared, ix. 17 sq. ; shut up in wood, ix. 60 sq. ; nailed into the ground, ix. 63 ; diseases caused by, ix. 85 ; epidemics thought to be caused by, ix. 116 ; periodically expelled, ix. 123 sq. ; driven off by blows, ix. 260 sqq. \ extracted from wooden posts, x. 8 ; fire used to get rid of, xi. 17 sqq. \ mugwort a protection against, xi. 59 ; kept off by thorn bushes, xi. 174 sq. ; creeping through cleft sticks to escape from, xi. 174 sqq. See also Ancestral Spirits and Dead
Ghosts of animals, dread of, iii. 223, viii. 216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 223, 224, 227 j?., 229, 231 sq., 235, 236, 237, 241, 245, 267 sq., 269, 271
, Roman festival of, in May, ix.
154^-
of the slain haunt their slayers, iii.
165 sqq. ; sacrifices to, iii. 166; scaring away the, iii. 168, 170, 171, 172, 174 sq. ; as birds, iii. 177 sq. ; precautions against, iii. 240
Giant who had no heart in his body, stories of the, xi. 96 sqq., 119 sq. ; mythical, supposed to kill and resus- citate lads at initiation, xi. 243
Giant-fennel burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213
Giants, myths of, based on discovery of fossil bones, v. 157 sq.
and gods, their battle, v. 157
of wicker-work at popular festivals
in Europe, xi. 33 sqq. \ burnt in the summer bonfires, xi. 38
Giaour-Kalesi, Hittite sculptures at, v. 138 n.
Giddiness, transferred to flax, ix. 53
Giggenhausen, in Bavaria, burning the Easter Man at, x. 144
Gigha, island off Argyleshire, wind-charm in, i. 323
Gilbert, O. , on the lapis manalis at Rome, i. 310 n.8
Gilbert Islands, treatment of the navel- string in the, i. 185 sq. ; sacred stones in the, v. 108 w.1
Giles, Professor H. A. , on reported sub- stitutes for capital punishment In China, iv. 275
Gilgamesh, the epic of, ix. 371, 398 sq. ; a Babylonian hero, beloved by the goddess Ishtar, ix. 371 j/. , 398 sq. , his name formerly read as Izdubar, ix. 372 n.1
Gilgamus, a Babylonian king, ix. 372 n.1
Gilgenburg in Masuren, "Easter Smacks " at, ix. 269
Gilgit, custom at felling a tree in, ij. 44; the sacred chili (a kind of cedar) at, ii. 49, 50 ; in the Hindoo Koosh, custom at wheat harvest at, viii. 56
Gill, Captain W., on a tribe in China governed by a woman, vi. 211 n.3
Gill, W. W., on the observation of the Pleiades in the Hervey Islands, vn. 312
Gilolo. See Halmahera
Gilyak hunters, taboos observed in their absence by their children, i. 122
procession with bear, viii. 322,
325
shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103
Gilyaks, their ceremony at felling a tree, ii. 38 ; do not clearly distinguish animals from men, viii. 206 ; their respect for dead sables, viii. 238
of the Amoor, a Tunguzian people,
viii. 190 ; eat nutlets of stone-pine, v. 278 n.z ; their exorcism by means of effigies, viii. 103^. ; theirbear-festivals, vin. 190 sqq. ; why they put out the eyes of the seals they kill, viii. 267 ; their belief in demons, ix. 101 sq.
of Saghalien, their customs as to
personal names, iii. 370
Ginger in purificatory rites, iii. 105, 151 ; cultivated, vii. 123
Gingiro, an Ethiopian kingdom, pre- tence of reluctance to accept the kingdom in, iii. 18 sq. \ wounded kings of, put to death, iv. 34 ; custom at accession of new king in, iv. 200
Ginzel, Professor F. K., on the rise of the Nile, vi. -31 n.1
Gion shrine in Japan, x. 138
Gippsland, in Victoria, the Kurnai of, i. 324, xi. 216 ; the natives of, concealed their personal names, iii. 331 sq.
Gipsies. See Gypsies
Giraffes, souls of dead kings incarnate in, vi. 162
Giraldus Cambrensis on transformation of witches into hares, x. 315 n.1
Girdle of wolfs hide worn by were- wolves, x. 310 n.1
, sacred, of king of Tahiti, i. 388
Girdles of mugwort worn on St. John's Day or Eve as preservative against
286
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
backache, sore eyes, ghosts, magic, and sickness, xi. 59
Girkshausen, in Westphalia, the Yule log at, x. 248
Girl annually sacrificed to cedar-tree, ii. 17
. and boy produce need-fire by fric- tion of wood, x. 281
Girlachsdorf, in Silesia, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 138
Girls or women dance to make crops grow tall, i. 139 «.; married to nets, ii. 147 ; sacrificed to crocodiles, ii. 152 ; employed to sow seed, vii. 115 ; sacrificed for the crops, vii. 237, 239
• at puberty obliged to touch every- thing in house, iii. 225 n. ; their hair torn out, iii. 284 ; ceremonial unclean- ness of, viii. 268, 268 «.4 ; secluded, x. 22 sqq. ; not allowed to touch the ground, x. 22, 33, 35, 36, 60 ; not allowed to see the sun, x. 22, 35, 36, 37, 41, 44, 46, 47, 68 ; not allowed to handle food, x. 23, 28, 36, 40 sq. , 42 ; half buried m ground, x. 38 sqq. ; not allowed to scratch themselves with their fingers, x. 38, 39, 41, 42, 44, 47, 5°« 53' 92 • n°t all°wed to lie down, x. 44 ; said to be wounded by a snake, x. 56 ; said to be swallowed by a ser- pent, x. 57 ; gashed on back, breast, and belly, x. 60 ; stung by ants, x. 61 ; beaten severely, x. 61, 66 sq. ; sup- posed to be attacked by a demon, x. 67 sq. ; not to see the sky, x. 69 ; for- bidden to break bones of hares, x. 73«.»
under puberty used in rain-making,
iii. 154
Girls' race at Olympia, iv. 91 Gisors, sickly children passed through a
holed stone near, xi. 188 Givoy agon, living fire, in Russia, made
by the friction of wood, x. 220 Gladiators at Roman funerals, iv. 96 ; at
Roman banquets, iv. 143 Glamorganshire, cure for warts in, ix. 53;
the Vale of, Beltane fires in, x. 154 ;
Midsummer fires in, x. 154, 201,
338 Glands, ashes of Yule log used to cure
swollen, x. 251 Glanvil, Joseph, on a witch in the form
of a cat, x. 317 Glass, the Magician's or Druid's, name
for certain beads, x. 16 Glatz, precautions against witches on
Walpurgis Night in, xi. 20 n. Glaucus, son of Minos, restored to life,
v. 186 ».4 Glawi, in the Atlas, New Year fires at,
x. 217
Gleiwitz, in Poland, sacrifice for horses
near, ii. 336 sq. Glen Farg, Perthshire, the harvest Maiden
in, vii. 157, 157 n.3 Mor, in Islay, stone for the cure of
toothache in, ix. 62 Moriston, Inverness-shire, vii. 162
«.3 Glencoe, the harvest Maiden and Old
Wife in, vii. 165 Glencuaich, the hawk of, in a Celtic tale,
xi. 127 sqq.
Glenorchy, the Beltane cake in, x. 149' Glory, the Hand of, a thief's talisman,
i. 149 11 , the Hand of," mandragora, xi.
316
Gloucester, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 Gloucestershire, fires kindled on the Eve
of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318, 321 ;
mistletoe growing on oaks in, xi.
316 Glover, T. R., on a fire-custom of the
Telugus, ii. 231 n.6 Glue in homoeopathic magic, i. 157 Gnabaia, a spirit who swallows and dis- gorges lads at initiation, xi. 235 Gnats, charm against, viii. 280 Gnid-eld, need-fire, in Sweden, x. 280 Gniewkowo, in Prussian Lithuania,
mummers on Twelfth Day near, viii.
327
Goajira peninsula in Colombia, personal names kept secret among the Indians of, iii. 325
Goajiras of Colombia, set hooks to catch demons, iii. 30 sq. ; the dead not named among the, iii. 352 ; their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 34 w.1
Goat, blood of, drunk by devil-dancers and priests as means of inspiration, i. 382, 383 ; prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13 ; transference of guilt to, iii. 214 sq. ; sacrificed by being hanged, v. 292 ; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 17 sq.t viii. i sqq. ; torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 18, viii. 16 ; sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249 ; corn -spirit as, vii. 281 sqq., viii. 327; last sheaf made up in form of a, vii. 283 ; killed on harvest-field, vii. 285 ; stuffed, vii. 287 ; killed at sowing, vii. 288 ; the sacred animal of a Bushman tribe, viii. 28 sq. See also Goats
and Athena, viii. 40 sq.
, black, in rain-making ceremonies,
i. 250, 291
, the Cripple or Lame, name given
to the last sheaf, vii. 164, 284
Goat -formed deities and spirits of the woods, viii. i sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
287
Goat-skin, mask of, worn by mummers at Carnival, vii. 26 ; worn by farmer at harvest, vii. 285 ; hung on pole at sowing and danced round at harvest, vii. 288
skins, mummers at Carnival clad in,
vii. 26 sqq.
Goat's flesh, taboo as to entering a sanctuary after eating, viii. 85
Marsh at Rome, disappearance of
Romulus at the, ii. 181, ix. 258
neck, name given to last standing
corn, vii. 268
Goats fertilized at the Chili stone, ii. 51 ; sacrificed in ceremonies to fertilize barren women, ii. 316, 318 ; bred by the people of the Italian pile villages, ii. 353 «.8 ; not to be called by their proper name, lii. 415 ; sacrificed in- stead of human beings, iv. 166 n.* ; torn to pieces by fanatics in Morocco, vii. 21 sq. ; in relation to minor Greek and Roman deities (Satyrs, Fauns, etc.), viii. i sqq. ; the testicles of, eaten by lecherous persons, viii. 142 ; sacri- ficed to wolves, viii. 284 ; evil trans- ferred to, ix. 31, 32 ; as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191, 192. See also Goat
Goats' horns used as a protection against witches, ix. 161, 162
Goatsucker or fern owl, shadow of the, iii. 82 ; sex totem of women, xi. 217
Gobar-bhacach (goabbir bhacagh), "the lame goat," name given to the last sheaf in Skye, vii. 164, 284
Gobi, the desert of, ix. 13
Gobir, a Hausa kingdom, infirm kings killed in, iv. 35
God, savage ideas of, different from those of civilized men, i. 375 sq. ; " the most great name" of, iii. 390; the killing and resurrection of a god in the hunt- ing, pastoral, and agricultural stages of society, iv. 221, ix. i ; children of, v. 68 ; sons of, v. 78 sqq. ; the physical fatherhood of, v. 80 sq. ; gardens of, v. 123, 159 ; the burning of a, v. 1 88 sq. ; the hanged, v. 288 sqq* ; killed in animal form, vii. 22 sq. ; the animal enemy of a, originally identical with the god, vii. 23, viii. 16 sq. , 31; eating the, vni. 48 sqq. ; reasons for eating the, viii. 138 sq. , 167 ; dying, as scapegoat, ix. i, 227 ; the black and the white, ix. 92 ; the killing of the, in Mexico, ix. 275 sqq. ; resurrection of the, ix. 400 ; the dying and riseo, in Western Asia, ix. 421 sq. See also Gods
, Aryan, of the thunder and the oak,
ii. 356 sqq. , x. 265
God, Bride of, i. 276
, the Dying and Reviving, vii. i,
33
on Earth, title of supreme chief cl
the Bushongo, xi. 264
of earthquakes, v. 194 sqq.
"God -boxes," inspired priests called, i. 378
-man a source of danger, iii. 132 ;
bound by many rules, iii. 419 sq.
God's Mouth (Kirwaido], supreme lord of the old Prussians, iv. 41 sq.
Godavari District, in Southern India, the Kois of, v. 95
Goddess, identified ^ith priestess, v. 219; superiority of the, in the myths of Adonis, Attis, Osiris, vi. 201 sq.
Goddesses place infant sons of kings on fire to render them immortal, v. 180; of fertility served by eunuch priests, v. 269 sq. ; their superiority over gods in societies organized on mother-kin, vi. 202 sqq. ; the development of, favoured by mother-kin, vi. 259 ; personated by women, ix. 238
, Cilician, v. 161 sqq.
Godiva, Lady, legend of, i. 284 n.
Godolphin, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199
Gods viewed as magicians, i. 240 sqq.t 375 ; ill-treated in times of drought or excessive rain, i. 296 sqq. ; appeal to the pity of the, as a rain-charm, i. 302 sq. ; sacrifice themselves by fire, i. 315 n.1 ; conception of, slowly evolved, i. 373 sq. ; in Brahman theology held to have been at first mortal and to have dwelt on earth, i. 373 n.1 ; gods and men, no sharp line of distinction be- tween, in Fiji, i. 389 ; the marriage of the, ii. 129 sqq. ; married to women, ii. 129 sqq. , 143 sq. , 146^., 149 sqq.t vi. 207 ; created by men in their own likeness, iii. 387, iv. 2 sq. , 194; their names tabooed, iii. 387 iqq. ; Xeno- phanes on the, iii. 387 ; morality of the, iv. i sqq. ; succeeded by their sons, iv. 5 ; exiled for perjury, iv. 70 «.1; progressive amelioration in the char- acter of the, iv. 136 ; death and resurrection of, v. 6, vii. i, 12 sqq. ; personated by priests, v. 45, 46 sqq.t ix. 287 ; married to sisters, v. 316 ; made by men and worshipped by women, vi. 211 ; named the eaters of certain animals, vii. 23 ; distinguished from spirits, vii. 169 ; in the likeness of foreigners, vii. 236 ; shut up in wood, ix. 61 ; represented in masquerades, ix. 377. See also God and Myths
and giants, the battle of, v. 157
and goddesses, dramatic weddings
288
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of, ii. 121 ; represented by living men
and women, ix. 385 sq. Gods and men not sharply distinguished
by primitive peoples, i. 373, 374 sq. ;
esteemed akin by the ancients, ii. 177 — , incarnate human, i. 373 sqq., ii. 377
sq. \ bound by many rules, iii. 419 sq.
— of the Maoris, ix. 81
, Mexican, burn themselves to create
the sun, ix. 410
, Mother of the, in Mexico, ix. 289 ;
woman annually sacrificed in the char- acter of the, ix. 289 sq.
of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 sq.
Goepfritz, in Lower Austria, dramatic contest between Summer and Winter at, iv. 257
Goik, name of puppet carried out at Mid-Lent, iv. 237
Goitre transferred to a peach-tree, ix. 54
Gold as a cure for jaundice, i. 80 sq. ; excluded from some temples, iii. 226 ».8 ; the flower of chicory to be cut with, xi. 71 ; root o/ marsh mallow to be dug with, xi. 80 «.8 ; buried, re- vealed by mistletoe and fern-seed, xi. 287 sqq. , 291
and silver as totems, iii. 227 n.
Gold Coast of West Africa, the Tshi- speaking peoples of the, i. 132, ii. 274 sq. , iv. 128, v. 69 ; negroes of the, then- sacrifices to trees, ii. 47 ; iron laid aside in consulting fetishes on the, iii. 228 sq. ; the Awuna tribes of the, iii. 257 ; expulsion of demons on the, ix. 120, 131, 132 sq.
coin, magic plant to be dug up with
a, xi. 57
— — mines, spirits of the, treated with deference, iii. 409 sq.
Golden Age, the, ix. 306, 353, 386 ; the reign of Saturn, ix. 306, 344
— apples, prize in race, ii 301 ; of the Hesperides, iv. 80
• axe, sacred tamarisk touched with, xi. 80 n.s
• •" bells worn by human representatives
of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 280, 284
Bough, xi. 279 sqq. ; plucked by
Aeneas, i. ii, ii. 379 ; the breaking of it not a piece of bravado, i. 123 sq. ; grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379 ; and the priest of Aricia, x. i ; a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 sqq. , 315 sqq. ; Virgil's account of the, xi. 284 sq.t 286, 293 sq., 315 sqq.\ origin of the name, xi. 286 sqq.
" Disease," name for jaundice, i.
80
fish, girl's external soul in a, xi.
147 sq.t 220
— fleece, ram with, iv. 163
Golden Flower, the Feast of the, v. 185
Garden of the Peruvian Vestals, ii.
244
keys to unlock the frozen earth in
spring, ii. 333
knife, horse slain in sacrifice with
a, xi. 80 n.3
lamb of Mycenae, i. 365
ornaments not to be worn in certain
rites, iii. 227 n.
ring worn as a charm, i. 137 ; half
a hero's strength in a, xi. 143
Sea, the, v. 150
sickle, mistletoe cut by Druids with
a, xi. 77, 88 ; sacred olive at Olympia cut with a, xi. 80 n.A
or silver nails driven into a sacred
tree, ii. 36
11 summer," the, i. 32
sword and golden arrow, external
soul of a hero in a, xi. 145
swords, youths dancing with, iv. 75
Goldfinch, consumption transferred to a, ix. 52
Goldfish worshipped by Indians of Peru, viii. 250
Goldi, the, of the Lower Amoor, their exorcism by means of effigies, viii. 103 sq. ; bear- festivals of the, viii. 197
Goldi shaman, his exorcism, viii. 103
Goldie, Rev. Hugh, on the fetish king of Calabar, iii. 22 sq. ; on the periodic expulsion of ghosts at Calabar, ix. 204 n.1 ; on the ukpongor external soul in Calabar, xi. 206
Goldmann, Dr. Emil, on the installation of a prince of Carinthia, iv. 155 n.1
Goldsmith, transmigration of thief into, viii. 299
Goldziher, I. , on a festival of the Bedouins of Sinai, iv. 97 «.7
Golgi in Cyprus, conical stones at, v. 35
Goliath, a straw-man stabbed at Whit- suntide, ii. 90 ; effigy of, carried in procession, xi. 36
and David, v. 19 w.3
Gollas, the, of Southern India, their treatment of a woman in childbed, iii. 149
Golos, on the Bahr-el-Ghazal, their way of detaining the sun, i. 318
Goluan, Midsummer, x. 199
Gomes, E. H., on sacrifices in time of epidemics, iv. 176 «.*; on the head- feast of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 384 n.1
Gommern, near Magdeburg, reaper of last corn wrapt in corn-stalks at, vii. 221
Gonds of India, their belief in reincarna- tion, i. 104 sq. ; their custom at clearing away a jungle, ii. 39 ; mock human sac- rifices among the, iv. 217 ; ceremony of
GENERAL INDEX
289
bringing back souls of the dead among the, v. 95 sq. ; their human sacrifices at sowing and reaping, vii. 244 ; human scapegoats among the, ix. 217 sq.
Gongs beaten in a storm, i. 328 sq. ; at Dodona, ii. 358 ; beaten to expel demons, ix. 113, 117, 118, 147
Gontiyalamma, mud figure of, in a rain- making ceremony, i. 294
Good Friday, barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 22 ; Highland superstitions as to, iii. 229 ; effigies and sepulchres of Christ on, iv. 284, v. 254^^. ; of ancient Greece, vii. 33 ; expulsion of witches in Silesia on, ix. 157 ; absolution of man called Adam at Halberstadt on the day before, ix. 214 ; cattle beaten on, ix. 266 ; custom of beating each other with rods on, ix. 268 ; Judas driven out of church on, x. 146 ; the divining-rod cut on, xi. 68 n.4 ; sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 172
Goddess (Bona Zte
called milk in her ritual, iii. 249 «.2 ; her relationship to Faunus, vi. 234
Spirit, the, vii. 206
Goodrich- Freer, A. , on Beltane bannocks and fires in the Hebrides, x. 154 ».3
Googe, Barnabe, his translation of a Latin poem by Thomas Kirchmeyer, x. 124
Goomsur, Earth Goddess represented in peacock form in, vii. 248 n.1
Goorkhas, the, of Nepaul, their festival of Dassera, iii. 316
Goose, eaten by Egyptian kings, iii. 13, 291. See also Geese
" , to lose the," expression for
overthrowing a load at harvest, vii. 277 «.3
Gooseberry-bushes, a protection against witches, ii. 55 ; wild, custom as to, xi. 48
Goowoong Awoo, volcano, children sacri- ficed to, v. 219
Gordian knot, iii. 316 sq.
Gordias and Midas, names of Phrygian kings, v. 286
Gordioi chose the fattest man king, ii. 297
Gordium, capital of the kings of Phrygia, iii. 316
Gordon, E. M., on iron as an amulet m Bilaspore, iii. 234 sq. ; on infant burial in Bilaspore, v. 94 sq. \ on the festival of the dead in Bilaspore, vi. 60 ; on cairns to which passers-by add stones in Bilaspore, ix. 27 »,4
Gore, Captain, on the behaviour of the Meriahs among the Khonds, iv. 139
Gorgon, Perseus and the, iii. 312 Gorillas, souls of dead in, viii. 289 ;
lives of persons bound up with those
of, xi. 202
Gorong archipelago, custom as to chil- dren's cast teeth in the, i. 179 ; rule
as to gathering coco-nuts in the, iii. 201 Gorse burned on May Day to burn or
drive away witches, ii. 54 Go'rz, belief as to witches at Midsummer
about, xi. 75 Gospel to the Hebrews, the apocryphal,
iv. 5 ».3 Goudie, Mr. Gilbert, on Up-helly-a' at
Lerwick, ix. 169 w.2 Gour-deziou, "Supplementary Days," in
Brittany, ix. 324 Gouri, an Indian goddess of fertility, v.
241 sq. Gournia in Crete, prehistoric shrine at,
v. 88 n.1 Gout, popular remedy for, in Java, iii.
1 06 ; transferred to trees, ix. 56 sq. Government of old men in aboriginal
Australia, i. 334 sq. Govindji, an incarnation of Krishna, i.
284 Gowland, W. , on cairns in Corea, ix.
n«.fi
Gowmditch-mara tribe of Victoria, differ- ence of language between husbands
and wives in the, hi. 348 n.1 Graal, History of the Holy, iv. 120, 134 Graetz, H., on death of a Christian child
in the character of Hainan, ix. 395 n.1 Grafting, superstitious ceremony at, ii.
100 Grain Coast of West Africa, the Bodio
or fetish king of the, i. 353, iii. 23 ;
initiation of girls on the, xi. 259 Grains of wheat, divination by, ix. 316
w.1 Grammont, in Belgium, festival of the
"Crown of Roses" at, x. 195; the
Yule log at, x. 249 Gran Chaco, the Lengua Indians of the,
i- 3J3. 330. 359. "i- 37. 38. 357. iv.
ii, 63, viii. 245, ix. 122, 262 ; the
Indians of the, their belief in dreams,
iii. 37 ; the Guaycurus of the, iii. 357,
vii. 309 ; the Matacos Indians of the,
iii. 373 »• Granada (South America), youthful rulers
•secluded in, x. 19 Granary, ceremony at fetching rice from
a, vii. 185 Grand Halleux, bonfires on first Sunday
in Lent at, x. 107 Grandfather's corpse, custom of leaping
over, iii. 424 Grandfathers, grandsons named after
their deceased, iii. 370
2QO
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Grandidier, A. , on changes in the Mala- gasy language caused by taboo on names of the dead, lii. 380 sq.
Grandmother, title of an African priest, vi. 255 ; name given to last sheaf, vii. 136 ; or Mother of Ghosts at Rome, vih. 94, 96, 107
Grandmother Earth thought to cause earthquakes, v. 198
Grandmothers, grand-daughters named after their deceased, iii. 370
Grandparents, dead, worshipped, vi.
175 Granger, Professor F. , on double-headed
bust at Nemi, i. 42 n.1 Grannas-mias, torches, on the first Sunday
in Lent, x. in
Granno, invocation of, x. in sq. Granno-mio, a torch, x. in Grannus, a Celtic deity, identified with
Apollo, x. in sq. Grant, the great laird of, not exempt
from witchcraft, x. 342 «.4 Grape-cluster, Mother of the, iv. 8 Grapes as divine emblem, v. 165 ; the
last, not to be stript, vii. 234 sq. Grasauslauten, ringing bells to make
grass grow, ii. 344 Grass, magical ceremonies to make grass
grow, i. 87 sq., x. 136 ; bell-ringing
as a charm to make grass grow, ii.
343 sq.t ix. 247 ; knotted as a charm,
iii. 305, 306, 310 ; thrown on heaps
as ceremony, ix. 9, 10, 18, 20, 28 ;
dances to cause the grass to grow, ix.
238
Grass King, the, at Whitsuntide, ii. 85 sq. — -ringers in the Tyrol and Switzer- land, ix. 247 « seed, magical ceremony for the
multiplication of, i. 87 sq. \ continence
at magical ceremony for growth of,
ii. 105 Grasshoppers in homoeopathic magic, i.
173 sq. ; charm against, viii. 281;
sacrifice of, ix. 35 Gratz, puppet burned on St. John's Eve
at, x. 173 Graubiinden (the Grisons), Canton
of Switzerland, capers of masked
men to make corn grow in, ix. 239 ;
"Sawing the Old Woman" in, iv.
242 sq. Graudenz district of West Prussia, the
harvest Bull in the, vii. 288 Grave, soul fetched from, iii. 54 ; annual
festival at, iv. 97 ; human sacrifices
at the, iv. 143, 143 ».4; dance at
initiation in, xi. 237 -• of ancestor, milk poured on, ii.
223 — — of Apollo, i. 34 sq.t iv. 4
Grave of Dionysus, iv. 3, vii. 14
of Osiris, vi. 10 sq. ; human victims
sacrificed at the, vi. 97
of Zeus, iv. 3
Grave-diggers, taboos observed by, iii. 141, 142; obliged to stand on one foot, iv. 156 n.2
shrines of Shilluk kings, vi. 161 sq. ;
of Barotse kings, vi. 194 sq.
Graveclothes, homoeopathic magic of, in China, i. 168 sq. ; no knots in, iii. 310 ; no buttons in, iii. 313
Graves, human blood offered at, i. 90 sq. , i. 101, iv. 92; rain-charms at, i. 268, 286, 291, iii. 1 54 sq. ; trees planted on, ii. 31 ; dances on, ii. 183 w.2; food offered on, iii. 53 ; puppets substituted for human victims sacrificed at, iv. 218 ; milk offered at, v. 87 ; childless women resort to, in order to ensure offspring, v. 96 ; illuminated on All Souls' Day, vi. 72 sq. , 74 ; the only places of sacrifice in the country of the Wahehe, vi. 190 ; false, to deceive demons, viii. 99 sq. ; offerings of first-fruits presented at, viii. in, 113, 115 ; heaps of sticks or stones on, ix. 15 sqq.
of Heitsi-Eibib, iv. 3, x. 16
of Hermes, Aphrodite, and Ares,
iv. 4
of Hyperborean maidens at Delos,
i. 28, 33 sqq.
of kings, chiefs, and magicians
kept secret, vi. 103 sqq.\ human sacri- fices at, vi. 1 68
of twins, water poured on, to pro- cure rain, iii. 154 sq.
Gray, Archdeacon J. H., on reported human sacrifices in an aboriginal tribe of China, iv. 145
Grbalj, in Dalmatia, belief as to the souls of trees at, ii. 14
Greasing the weapon instead of the wound, i. 202 sqq.
Great Ardra in Guinea, the king of, not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9
Bassam, in Guinea, annual sacri- fice of oxen for the crops at, viii. 9 sq. ; exorcism of evil spirit at, ix. 120
Bear observed by the Kamtchat-
kans, vii. 315
4 ' burnings " for kings of Judah, v.
177 sq.
Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 79
Feast, the, in Morocco, ix. 180,
182, 265
Goddesses, the grove of the, at
Andania, ii. 122
Man, who created the world and
comes down in the form of lightning, xi. 298
Marriage, annual festival of the
GENERAL INDEX
291
dead among the Oraons of Bengal, vi.
59 Great men, history not to be explained
without the influence of, v. 311 «.2 ;
great religious systems founded by, vi.
159^. ; their influence on the popular
imagination, vi. 199 Mother, popularity of her worship
in the Roman empire, v. 298 sq. ;
name given to the last sheaf, vii. 135 sq. Mysteries of Eleusis, their date, vii.
Si
Pan, death of the, iv. 6 sq.

ix. 213 n.1
religious systems founded by in- dividual great men, vi. 159^. ; religious ideals a product of the male imagina- tion, vi. 211
Spirit, iv. 3 ; sacrifice of fingers to
the, iii. 161 ; his gift of corn to men, vii. 177
Sun, title of Natchez chief, ii. 262,
263, viii. 77 sqq.
Vigil, an Aztec festival, vii. 176
year, the, a Greek cycle of eight or
nine ordinary years, iv. 70
Grebo people of Sierra Leone, their pontiff, his magical functions and taboos, iii. 14 sq.
Greece, time of the corn-reaping in, i. 32, v. 232 ». ; priestly kings in, i. 44 sqq. ; homoeopathic cures for jaun- dice in, i. 80 ; rain-making in, i. 273 ; forests of, ii. 8 ; artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314 sq. ; oaks in, ii. 355 ; acorns eaten in, ii. 355, 356 ; conception of the soul in, iii. 29 n,1 ; customs as to foundations of new buildings in, iii. 89 ; customs as to man- slayers in, iii. 188 ; mode of reckoning intervals of time in, iv. 59 n.1 ; sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera in, iv. 91 ; swinging as a festal rite in, iv. 283 sq. ; use of music in religion in, v. 54 sq. ; belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 86 sq. ; notion as to birth from trees and rocks in, v. 107 n.1 ; purification for homicide in, v. 299 n.2 ; notion of the noxious in- fluence of moonshine on children in, vi. 148 ; marriage customs in, vi. 245 sq. ; summer rainless in, vii. 69 ; time of barley harvest in, vii. 77 ; use of swallows as scapegoats in, ix. 35 ; use of laurel in purification in, ix. 262 ; stories of girls who were forbidden to See the sun in, x. 72 sqq. ; belief as to menstruous women in, x. 98 n.1 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 211 sq. ; stories of the external soul in, xi. 103 sqq. ; mistletoe in, xi. 316, 317
Greece, ancient, ceremony performed by persons supposed to have been dead in, i. 75 ; ceremony to prevent dropsy in, i. 78 ; contagious magic of foot- prints in, i. 211 ; curses at cutting hellebore in, i. 281 ; human gods in, i. 390 sq. ; tree -worship in, ii. 10 ; rule as to blowing on a fire in, ii. 240 ; female descent of kingship in, ii. 278 sq. ; maxim not to look at one's re- flection in water in, iii. 94 ; names of the priests of the Eleusmian mys- teries not to be mentioned in, iii. 382; the eight years' cycle in, iv. 68 sqq. ; custom of banishing homicides in, iv. 69 sq. ; human sacrifices in, iv. 161 sqq. ; time of the vintage in, vii. 47 «,2 ; mode of ridding the fields of mire in, viii. 276 sq. ; theory of the trans- migration of souls in, viii. 300 ; custom of stone- thro wing in, ix. 24 sq. ; belief in demons in, ix. 104 ; human scape- goats in, ix. 252 sqq. ; Saturnalia in, ix. 350 sqq.
Homeric, sancity of kings and
chiefs in, i. 366
Greek armies before battle, custom ob- served by, iii. in
art, the human soul represented
sometimes as a mannikin and some- times as a butterfly in, iii. 29 n.1
belief as to impotence, i. 150 ; as
to gods in the likeness of strangers, vii. 236
bride and bridegroom bathed be- fore marriage, ii. 162
calendar, the early, iv. 68 ; in the
Louvre, vii. 46 «.2 ; based on the moon, of little use to the husbandman, vii. 53 ; regulated by the moon, vii. 80
charm to silence watchdogs, i. 149
charms to ensure wakefulness, clear
sight, and black hair, i. 154
Church, ceremonies on Good Friday
in the, v. 254 ; ritual of the new fire at Easter in the, x. 128 sq.
conception of Earth as the great
Mother, it. 128 «.4
custom of offering hair to rivers,
i. 31 ; of ploughing the land thrice a year, vii. 53 «.4, 72 sq.
divinities who died and rose again,
vii. 2
farmers, their seasons for ploughing
and sowing, vii. 45, 50 ; their seasons for sowing and reaping determined by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318
Feast of All Souls in May, vi.
78 n.1
games, the great, iv. 92 sq. , 103
sqq. ; held every four years, vii. 79 sq. gods, discrimination of their char-
292
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
acters, v. 119; who took titles from vermin, viii. 282
Greek husbandmen, their maxim as to planting and gathering olives, ii. 107
- infants, octopuses and cuttle-fish presented to, i. 156
- kings, called Zeus, ii. 177, 361 ; ancient, their reign of eight years, iv.
lands, artificial fertilization of fig- trees in, ix. 272 «— — maxim not to wear rings, iii. 314
- mode of relighting a sacred fire by means of burning-glass, ii. 244 n.1
- months lunar, vii. 52, 53, 80
- mysteries, bull -roarers swung at, vii. no
- mythology, Adonis in, v. 10 sqq.
- peasants used to carry fire in stalks of fennel, ii. 260
- ploughman, his prayer to Zeus and Demeter, vii. 45, 50
- practice of sacrificing to the dead on their birthdays, i. 105
- purificatory rites, pigs sacrificed in, vii. 74
- religion, rule of ancient, to exclude from temples all who had touched a corpse or a lying-in woman, iii. 155
— — ritual of purification, one shoe on and one shoe off in, iii. 312 ; of ex- piatory sacrifices, viii. 27
- sacrifices, victims required to shake their heads in, i. 384, 384 «.7
- sanctuaries, iron not to be brought into, iii. 226
- sower of cummin, his use of curses, i. 281
- story of Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158 ; stories of the external soul, xi. 103 sqq.
- superstitions as to certain woollen garments and certain stones, i. 157
- use of winn owing-fans as cradles, vii. 6
- women, their mourning for Perse- phone, ix. 349
- writers on the worship of Adonis, v. 223 sq.
Greeks sacrifice pregnant victims to ensure fertility, i. 141 ; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of precious stones, i. 164 sq. ; rain-making cere- monies among, i. 272 sq. ; used branches of buckthorn to protect houses against sorcerers and spirits, ii. 191 ; their •dread of noon, iii. 88 ; their use of magical wax figures, ix. 47
- - , the ancient, their ceremonies for
procuring rain, i. 309 sq. ; their belief that the sun rode in a chariot, i. 315 ; sacrificed to the winds, i. 330 ». ; their
notion as to the wasting effect of incest, ii. 115; ran round the hearth with new-born babes, ii. 232 ; fire-sticks, employed by the, ii. 251 ; prayed to Zeus for rain, ii. 359 ; dedicated locks of hair to rivers, iii. 261, 261 n.6 ; vicarious sacrifices among, iv. 166 n.1 ; their modes of disposing of things used in purificatory rites, vii. 9 ; com- pared the begetting of children to the sowing of seed, vii. u ; their faith in Demeter as the corn-goddess, vii. 64 ; their cycle of eight years, vii. 80 sqq. ; their personification of the corn in double form as mother and daughter, vii. 209 sqq. ; their " swallow song " and "crow song," viii. 322 n. ; their cure for love, ix. 3 ; smeared pitch on their houses to keep off demons, ix. 153 n.1 ; their use of laurel in purification, ix. 262 ; deemed sacred the places which were struck by light- ning, xi. 299
Greeks of Asia Minor, their use of human scapegoats, ix. 255
, the Homeric, their belief as to the
effect of a good king's reign, i. 366, ii. 324 sq. ; cut out tongues of sacrificial victims, viii. 270
and Romans, rain-charms among
the ancient, i. 309 sq.
Green boughs a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127, 342 sq. ; custom of beating young people with, at Christ- mas, ix. 270
Corn Dance of theSeminole Indians,
viii. 76
Demeter, vii. 42, 63, 89 «.2 ; sacri- fices in spring to, vii. 263
Festival at Eleusis, vii. 63
George on St. George's Day, a
leaf-clad mummer in Carinthia, Tran- sylvania, Roumania, and Russia, ii. 75. 76, 79. 343
Thursday, the day before Good
Friday, ii. 333
Wolf, Brotherhood of the, at
Jumieges in Normandy, x. 185 sq. , xi. 15 «., 25, 88
Greenidge, A. H. J., on the nomination
of Roman kings, ii. 296 n.9 Greenland, woman in childbed thought
to control the wind in, i. 324 Greenlanders, their belief in the mortality
of the gods, iv. 3 ; careful not to offend
the souls of dead seals, viii. 246 sq. \
their notion that women can conceive
by the moon, x. 75 sq. Greenwich-hill, custom of rolling down,
at Easter and Whitsuntide, ii. 103 Gregor, Rev. Walter, of Pitsligo, on the
cutting of the clyack sheaf in Aber-
GENERAL INDEX
293
deenshire, vii. 158 sqq. ; on virtue of children born feet foremost, x. 295 «.8; on the "quarter-ill," x. 296 w.1 ; on the bewitching of cattle, x. 303 ; on the oak and mistletoe of the Hays, xi. 284 tf.1
Gregory IV. and the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83
Gregory of Tours, on image of goddess carted about atAutun, ii. 144; on a talisman against dormice and serpents, viii. 281
Greig, James S. , on a holed stone in the Aberdeenshire river Dee, xi. 187 n.3
Grenfell, B P. , and A. S. Hunt on corn- stuffed effigies of Osiris, vi. 90 sq.
Grenoble, King and Queen of May at, ii. 90 ; the harvest goat at, vii 285
Greta, river in Yorkshire, need-fire on the, x. 287
Grevia spec. , a sacred tree of the Herero, ii. 214, 219
Grey, Sir George, on the prohibition to name the dead among the natives of Western Australia, iii. 364 sq. ; on the digging for yarns by women in Western Australia, vii. 126 sq. ; on the kobong or totem in Western Australia, xi. 219 sq.
Grey hair a signal of death, iv. 36 sq.
hairs of kings, iv. 100, 102, 103
Grihyja. - Sfitras on the pole - star at marriage, i. 166 w.2 ; on the burial of a child's hair, iii. 277
Grimm, J., on the oldest sanctuaries of the Germans, ii. 8 sq. ; on the bride- race, ii. 303 «.8 ; on a passage of Maximus Tyrius, ii. 362 «.6 ; on the oak as the principal sacred tree of the ancient Germans, ii. 363 sq. ; on old spell to cure a lame horse, iii. 305 «.*; on the installation of a prince of Car- inthia, iv. 155 n.1 \ on the "carrying out of Death," iv. 221 sq. ; on the custom of "Sawing the Old Woman," iv. 240, 244 ; on hide-measured lands, vi. 250; on need -fire, x. 270 «., 272 sq. ; on the relation of the Mid- summer fires to Balder, xi. 87 «.6 ; on the sanctity of the oak, xi. 89 ; on the oak and lightning, xi. 300
Grinnell, G. B. , on human sacrifices among the Pawnees, vii. 239 n.1
Gripes transferred to a duck, ix. 50
Grisons, masquerades to benefit the crops in the, ix, 239 ; threatening a mist in the, x. 280. See also Graubiinden
Grizzly Bear clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 274
• bears supposed to be related to
human twins, i. 264 sq. Groot Professor J. • J. M. de, on the
divinity of the emperors of China, i. 416 sq. ; on reported custom of eating nrst- born children, iv. 180 «.7 ; on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 275 ; on the belief in demons in China, ix. 99 ; on the annual expulsion of devils in China, ix. 145 sq. ; on mugwort in China, xi. 60
Gros Venires, Indian tribe, prepare for war by fasting and lacerating them- selves, iii. 161
Gross-Strehlitz, in Silesia, the custom of " carrying out Death " at, iv. 237
Grossvargula, the Grass King at Whit- suntide at, ii. 85 sq.
Grottkau, precautions against witches in, xi. 20 n.
Grotto of the Sibyl, at Marsala, v. 247
Ground, custom of sleeping on the, ii. 248 ; sacred persons not allowed to set foot on the, iii. 3, 4, 6, x. 2 sqq. ; prohibition to sleep on the, iii. 1 10 ; warriors not to sit on the, hi. 159, 162, 163, x. 5, 12; executioner not to set foot on the, iii. 180 ; royal blood not to be shed on the, iii. 241 sqq. ; priestesses not to touch the, vii. 97 ; last sheaf not to touch the, vii. 158, 159, 161 ; the bones of salmon not to touch the, viii. 254 ; priest of Earth not to sit on the, x. 4 j girls at puberty not to touch the, x. 22, 33, 35» 36, 60 ; magical plants not to touch the, xi. 51 ; mistletoe not to touch the, xi. 280
Grouse, the ruffed , in homoeopathic magic, i. 155 ; the first, blinded by hunter, viii. 268 ; clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273
Grout, L., on sacrifice of bull at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 «.3
Grove, Miss Florence, on withered mistletoe, xi. 287 n.1
Grove, sacred, of Nemi, i. 2, 17, xi. 315 ; of Egeria, i. 18 ; the Arician, i. 20, 22, ii. 115, 378, iv. 213, ix. 3 ; sacred, protected by curses, i. 45 ; Balder's, x. 104, xi. 315 ; soul of chief in sacred, xi. 161. See also Arician
Groves, sacred, ii. 9, 10 sq., 20, 32, 39, 42, 43 sqq. ; in Chios, i. 45 ; to Diana, ii. 121 ; in ancient Greece and Rome, ii. 121 sqq. ; expiation for violating, ii. 122; in West Africa, ii. 322 n.1 ; apologies for trespass on, ii. 328
Growth and decay of all things associated with the waxing and waning of the moon, vi. 132^^., 140 sqq.
Grub in the Grisons, masquerade to benefit the crops at, ix. 239
Grubb, Rev. W. Barbrooke, on the fear
294
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of demons among the Lengua Indians,
ix. 78 sq. ; on the seclusion of girls at
puberty among the Lengua Indians,
x. 57 n.1 Grueber and d'Orville, Fathers, on the
Dalai Lama of Lhasa! , i. 412 Gruel of barley-meal and water, drunk
as a form of communion with the
Barley - goddess at the Elcusinian
mysteries, vii. 161 «.4 Griin, in Bohemia, mountain arnica
gathered at Midsummer at, xi. 58 n.1 Grunau, Simon, early Prussian chronicler,
his account of Romove and its sacred
oak, ii. 366 «.2 Griinberg, in Silesia, the harvest Cat at,
vii. 281 ; witches driven away on
Walpurgis Night in the district of, ix.
163 Grunting like a wild boar or pig as a
charm, ii. 22 sq. Guacheta in Colombia, virgin impregnated
by the sun at, x. 74 Guadalcanar, one of the Solomon Islands,
sacrifice of first-fruits in, viii. 126 sq. Guadeloupe, precaution as to spittle in,
iii. 289 Guagnini, Alex., on the sacred oak of
Romove, ii. 366 #.2 Guam! Indians of Panama, concealment
of personal names among the, iii. 325 Guanches of Teneriffe, their mode of
procuring rain, i. 303 Guarani Indians of South America, their
belief as to homoeopathic magic of
millet, i. 145 Guaranis of Brazil, their seclusion of girls
at puberty, x. 56
— of Paraguay, revered the Pleiades, vii. 309
Guaraunos of the Orinoco, uncleanness of menstruous women among the, x. 85 sq.
Guarayo Indians, their magic to clear the sky, i. 314
Indians of Bolivia, their presentation
of children to the moon, vi. 145 ; ate the powdered bones of their dead, viii. 157
Guardian angels, afterbirth and navel- string regarded as a man's, xi. 162 n.2
— deities of cities, iii. 391
" gods " of the Hos, vii. 234, viii.
61
spirit of child thought to reside in
its caul, i. 199 sq. ; as bear, boar, eagle, fox, ox, swan or wolf, i. 200 ; of family, vii. 121 ; among the Hos, viii. 60 ; afterbirth and seed regarded as, xi. 223 «.2 ; acquired in a dream, xi. 256 sq.
— spirits in the form of animals, i.
200, v. 83 ; of villages in Tonquin, i. 401 sq. ; supposed to reside in people's heads, iii. 252 sq. ; in serpents, v. 83, 86 ; dead ancestors worshipped as, viii. 121, 123 ; among the American Indians, viii. 207 ; of wild animals exorcized by hunters, ix. 98 ; masked dances supposed to be derived from, ix. 375 sqq.
Guardian trees in Sweden, ii. 58
Guatemala, catching the soul of the dying in, iv. 199
the Indians of, confession of sins
among the, iii. 216 ; their transference of fatigue to heaps of stones, ix. 10 ; their offerings at cairns, ix. 26 ; the nagual or external soul among the, xi. 212 sq.
, the Kekchi Indians of, viii. 219,
241
Guatusos of Costa Rica, use of bull- roarers among the, xi. 230 n.
Guayana Indians of Brazil, voluntary deaths by being buried alive among the, iv. 12
Guayaquil, in Ecuador, the Indians of, their human sacrifices at sowing, vii. 236
Guaycurus, try to frighten the demon of the storm, i. 330 •
of Brazil, precaution as to chief's
spittle among the, iii. 290 ; men dressed as women among the, vi. 254 n.2
of the Gran Chaco used to change
their names after a death, iii. 357; their festival at the reappearance of the Pleiades, vii. 309, ix. 262
Guayquiries of the Orinoco, their beliefs as to menstruous women, x. 85
Guazacualco, in Mexico, bones of the dead preserved for the resurrection in, viii. 259
Gudangs, the, of Queensland, avoidance of parents-in-law among, iii. 346 ; changes of vocabulary among the, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii.
359 Gudea, king of Southern Babylonia,
festival of the New Year known to,
ix. 356 Gueleld, king of Dahomey, represented
partly in lion, partly in human form,
iv. 85
Guelphs, the oak of the, xi. 166 Guessing dreams at New Year festival of
the Iroquois, ix. 127 Guevo Upas, the Valley of Poison, in
Java, v. 203 sq. Guezo, king of Dahomey, represented
with the feathers of a cock, iv. 85 Guhrau, district of Silesia, custom oi
11 Carrying out Death" in, iv. 237
GENERAL INDEX
295
Guiana, the Indians of, their precaution against heavy rain, i. 253 ; power of medicine- men among, i. 359 sq. ; their fire customs, ii. 259 ; their belief in dreams, iii. 36 sq. ; keep their names secret, iii. 324 sq. ; their offerings of food to the dead, iii. 372 n.5 ; do not sharply distinguish between animals and men, vhi. 204 ; their custom after killing a tapir, viii. 236 ; their fear of demons, ix. 78
, British, the Macusis of, iii. 159
ft. , x. 60; woman's share in agriculture among the Indians of, vii. 120 sq. ; the Arawaks of, viii. 154, ix. 302
, French, difference of language
between husbands and wives in the tribes of, iii. 348 ; the Roocooyen Indians of, ix 181, 263; the Wayanas of, x. 63 ; ordeals undergone by young men among the Indians of, x. 63 sq.
Guinea, priestly kings in, iii. 5 ; negroes of, their belief in dreams, iii. 37 ; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 287 ; trans- ference of sickness to chickens in, ix. 31 ; annual expulsion of the devil in, ix. 131
, French, the wild fig-tree regarded
as a fetish-tree in, ii. 317 n.1 ; dances at sowing in, ix. 235
, North, disposal of cut hair and
nails in, iii. 278
, Southern, the negroes of, use
drippings of dead men's brains to increase their wisdom, viii. 163
Guinea negroes, their transference of sickness to chickens, ix. 31
Guinea-fowl gives signal for planting, vii. 117
Guizing at Christmas in Lerwick, x. 268 sq.
Gujarat, rings as amulets in, iii. 315
Gujrat District, Punjaub, belief as to bodies of infants dug up by jackals or dogs in the, v. 94
Guleesh and the fairies at Hallowe'en, x. 277 sq.
Gull clan of the Otawa Indians, viii. 225 n.1
Gunkel, H. , on the circumcised and the uncircumcised, i. 101 «.2
Gunn, David, kindles need-fire, x. 291
Gunnar Helming disguises himself as the god Frey, ii. 144
Gunputty, elephant-headed god, human incarnation of, i. 405 sq.
Guns fired to expel demons, viii. 99, ix. 116 sq. , 119, 120, 121, 125, 132, 133, 137, 147, 148, 149, 150, 203, 204, 221 n.1 ; against witches, ix. 160, 161, 164, xi. 74
Gunther, king of the Burgundians, woos and wins Queen Brunhild, ii. 306
Gunthram, King, and his vagrant soul, iii. 39 n.1
Gurdon, Major P. R. T., on the Khasis of Assam, vi. 202 ; on mother -kin among the Khasis, vi. 203 n.1 ; on descent of the kingship among the Khasis, vi. 210 n.1
Gur^ a hobby horse, at harvest festival of the Garos, viii. 337 sq.
Gurgaon, district of North- West India, fair at Bas Doda in, ii. 149
Guyana Indians of Brazil, their voluntary deaths, iv. 12 sq.
Guyenne, "the Wolf of the Field" at harvest in, vii. 275
Gwahor, Holi fires in, xi. 2
Gwanya, a worshipful dead chief, vi. 177
Gyges, king of Lydia, married the widow of his predecessor, ii. 281 ; his monu- ment to his queen, ii. 282 ; dedicates double-headed axe to Zeus, v. 182
Gynaecocracy a dream, vi. 211
Gypsies, their way of stopping rain by means of a serpent, i. 295 sq. ; Green George among the, ii. 75 sq. ; their superstition about portraits, iii. 100 ; ceremony of ' ' Sawing the Old Woman " among the, iv. 243 ; annual ceremony performed by the, ix. 207 sq.
Habes de Tornas, a tribe of Nigeria, revere a fetish doctor, iii. 124
Hack- thorn sacred, ii. 48
Hadad, chief male deity of the Syrians, v. 15, 1 6 n.1 ; Syrian god of thunder and fertility, v. 163
Hadadrimmon, v. 164 n.1 ; the mourn- ing of or for, v. 15 «.*
Haddon, Dr. A. C. , on rain-making in Mabuiag, i. 262 ; on magicians in the Toires Straits Islands, i. 420 n.2 ; on worship of animal-shaped heroes, v. 139 n.1 ; on bull-roarers, vii, 106 n.3
Hadeln, in Hanover, the Corn-mother at reaping last corn in, vii. 133
Hades, descent of Dionysus into, vii. 15
Hadji Mohammad shoots a were-wolf, x. 312 sq.
Hadramaut, mode of stopping rain in, i. 252
Hadrian builds at Nemi, i. 6 ; monu- ment of, at Nemi, i. 6 n.1 ; human sacrifice suppressed in reign of, v. 146 ; institutes games at Mantinea, vii. 80
Hag (wrach)t name given to last corn cut in Wales, vii. 142 sqq.
Hagen, B., on the belief in demons among the Battas, ix. 87 sq.
Hagios Gheorgios, village in Thrace, mummery at Carnival at, vii. 26
296
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hahn, Dr. C. H., on the chiefs hut among the Herero, ii. 213 ».a
Hahn, Iheophilus, on the worship of the Pleiades among the Hottentots, vii.
317
Haida Indians of Queen Charlotte Islands, ceremony performed by preg- nant women among the, i. 70 ; warlike pantomime of women while the men are at war, i. 133 ; their belief as to death at ebb-tide, i. 168 ; their charm to obtain a fair wind, i. 320 ; medi- cine-men among the, iii. 31 ; their recovery of lost souls, iii. 67 n. ; attempt to kill the souls of their enemies in war, iii. 72 n.1 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 131 «. *; their religions of cannibalism and of dog-eating, vii. 20 sq. ; girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 44 sq. - medicine-men bottle up departing souls, iii. 31 ; their unshorn hair, iii.
259
— — shamans, their use of the tongues of otters and eagles, viii. 270
Hail, charm to protect corn from, vii. 300 ; ceremonies to avert, x. 144, 145 ; Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176 ; bonfires thought to protect fields against, x. 344 ; mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 sq.
- and thunderstorms caused by
witches, x. 344
Hainan, island, the inhabitants of, call a year " a fire," x. 137
Hainaut, province of Belgium, fire cus- toms in, x. 1 08 ; procession of giants in, xi. 36
Hair offered to gods and goddesses, heroes and heroines, i. 28 sq. ; offered to the dead, i. 31, 102 ; offered to rivers, i. 31, iii. 261 ; clippings of, used in magic, i. 57, 64, 65, 66, iii. 268 sqq., 275, 277, 278 sq. ; charms to make hair grow, i. 83, 145, 153 sq. , 154 ; supposed to be the seat of strength, i. 102 ; of elephant hunter's wife not to be cut, i. 120 ; of warriors not to be cut, i. 127 ; of wife and children of absent warrior not to be cut, i. 127 ; loose as a charm, i. 136; homoeopathic charm to strengthen, i. 144; homoeopathic charm to turn white hair black, i. 154 ; human, used in rain-making, i. 251^. ; supernatural power of chief dependent on his, i. 344 ; of father of twins not to be cut for a time, ii. 102; long, a symbol of royalty, ii. 180 ; mode of cutting the Mikado's, iii. 3; cut with bronze knife, iii. 14; not to be combed, iii. 14, 159 «., 181, 187, 203, 208.
264 ; pulled to give omens, iii. 55 ; of those who have handled the dead not cut, iii. 141 ; of man - slayers shaved, iii. 175, 177; of slain enemy, fetish made from, iii. 183 ; tabooed, iii. 258 sqq. ; of kings, priests, and wizards unshorn, iii. 258 sqq. ; re- garded as the seat of a god or spirit, iii. 258, 259, 263 ; kept unshorn at certain times, iii. 260 sqq. ; unshorn during a vow, iii. 261 sq. \ of children unshorn, iii. 263 ; cut or combed out may cause rain and thunderstorms, iii. 271, 272, 282 ; clippings of, used as hostages, iii. 272 sq. ; infected by virus of taboo, iii. 283 sq. ; cut as a purifi- catory ceremony, iii. 283 sqq. ; of women after childbirth shaved and burnt, iii. 284 ; loosened at child- birth, iii. 297 sq. ; loosened in magical and religious ceremonies, iii. 310 sq. ; sacrifice of women's, v. 38 ; offered to goddess of volcano, v. 218 ; of head shaved in mourning for dead gods, v. 225 ; to be cut when the moon is waxing, vi. 133 sq. ; pulling each other's, a Lithuanian sacrificial cus- tom, viii. 50 sq. ; of slain foes used to impart courage, viii. 153 ; of patient inserted in oak, ix. 57 sq. ; lock of, in cure for epilepsy, ix. 68 «.2 ; unguent for, x. 14; girl at puberty not to cut her, x. 28 ; of girls at puberty shaved, x. 31, 56, 57, 59 ; Hindoo ritual of cutting a child's, x. 99 n.2 ; external soul in, xi. 103 sq. , 148 ; strength of people bound up with their, xi. 158 sq. ; of criminals, witches, and wizards shorn to make them confess, xi. 158 sq. \ of children tied to trees, xi. 165 ; of novices cut at initiation, xi. 245, 251
Hair, grey, a signal of death, iv. 36 sq.
and nails of sacred persons not cut,
iii. 3, 4, 16
and nails, cut, of a chief guarded
against evil magic, i. 350 w.1; deposited on or under trees, iii. 14, 275 sq.t 286; disposal of, iii. 267 sqq. ; as rain- charms, iii. 271, 272 ; deposited in sacred places, iii. 274 sqq. ; stowed away in any secret place, iii. 276 sqq. ; kept for use at the resurrection, iii. 279 sqq. ; burnt to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 281 sqq. ; of child buried under a tree, xi. 161
of the Virgin or St. John looked
for in ashes of Midsummer fire, x. 182 sq. , 190, 191
Hair-cutting, ceremonies at, iii. 264 sqq. ; thought to cause thunder and lightning, iii. 265
GENERAL INDEX
297
Hair-pins as instruments of longevity, i. 169
Hairy Stone, the, at Midsummer, x. 212
Hak-Ka, the, a native race in the pro- vince of Canton, their annual expulsion of the devil of poverty, ix. 144
Hakea flowers, ceremony for the multi- plication of, i. 86
Hakim Singh claims to be Jesus Christ incarnate, i. 409 sq.
Halae in Attica, mock human sacrifice at, iv. 215 sq.
Halasarna in Cos, rites of Apollo and Hercules at, vi. 259
Halberstadt in Thtiringen, need-fire in, ii. 238 sq. , x. 273 ; annual ceremony on day before Good Friday at, ix. 214
Hale, Horatio, on voluntary deaths in Fiji, iv. ii sq.
Half-sister by the same father, marriage with, legal in Attica, ii. 284
Halfdan the Black, king of Norway, dismembered after death, vi. 100, 102
Halford in Warwickshire, May Day cus- toms at, ii. 88 sq.
Hali-Bonar, village in Sumatra, iii. 104
Halibut, the first of the season, treatment of, viii. 253
Halicarnassus, the Mausoleum at, iv. 94 sq. ; worship of Pergaean Artemis at, v. 35 «.2
Haliphloios, a species of oak, ii. 373 n.1
Hall, C. F. , on the treatment of venison among the Esquimaux, x. 13 ; on new fire at New Year among the Esqui- maux, x. 134
Hall, Dr. C. H. H. , on the expulsion of the demon of plague in Japan, ix. 119 n.1
Hall, Rev. G. R. , on Midsummer fires at Christenburg Crags, x. 198
Hall, in the Tyrol, ceremony of whipping people on Senseless Thursday at, ix. 248 sq.
Hall of the Two Truths, the judgment hall in the other world, vi. 13
Hallowe'en, new fire at, in Ireland, x. 139, 225 ; an old Celtic festival of New Year, x. 224 sqq. \ divination at, x. 225, 228 sq., 231, 234 sqq, ; witches, hobgoblins, and fairies let loose at, x. 226 sqq. , 245, xi. 184 n.4, 185
and Beltane, the two chief fire
festivals of the British Celts, xi. 40 sq.
Hallowe'en cakes, x. 238, 241, 245
fires, x. 222 sq. ; in Wales, x. 156,
239 ; in the Highlands of Scotland, x. 230 sqq. ; in the Isle of Man, x. 243 ; in Lancashire, x. 244 sq.\ in France, x. 245 sq.
Hallowmas in Scotland, last corn cut before or after, vii. 140
VOL. XII
Halmahera, or Gilolo, rain-making in, i. 248 ; rain-charm by means of the dead in, i. 285^. ; ceremony at felling a tree in, ii. 38 ; the natives of, their words for soul, vii. 183 ; ceremonies at a funeral in, ix. 260 sq. \ rites of initiation in, xi. 248
, the Alfoors of, a man may not
address his father-in-law by name among, iii. 341 ; their expulsion of demons, ix. 112
the Galelareese oft i. no, v. 220,
vii. 296 ; their belief as to nicest, ii. in. See G alelareese
Haloa, Attic festival, vii. 60 sqq.
Haltwhistle, in Northumberland, burnt sacrifice at, x. 301
Haman, a god worshipped by the heathen of Harran, ix. 366 n.1
Haman, the Biblical, derivation of the name, ix. 366 ; effigies of, burnt at Purim, ix. 392 sqq.
and Mordecai, ix. 364 sqq. ; as
temporary kings, ix. 400 sq.
and Vashti the duplicates of Mor- decai and Esther, ix. 406
Haman-Sur, a name for Purim, ix. 393
Hamaspathmaedaya, old Iranian festival of the dead, vi. 67
Hamatsas, cannibals among the Kwa- kiutl, vii. 20
Hametzes, Cannibals or Biters, a Secret Society among the Indians of North - Western America, ix. 378
Hamilcar, his self-sacrifice by fire at the battle of Himera, v. 115 sq., 176 ; wor- shipped by the Carthaginians after death, v. 116, 180
Hamilton, Alexander, his account of the Samorins or kings of Calicut, iv. 47 sq. ; on hook-swinging in India, iv. 278 ; on dance of hermaphrodites in Pegu, v. 271 n.
Hamilton, Gavin, on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Tinneh Indians, x. 47 sq.
Hamilton, Professor G. L., v. 57 n.1
Hamlet, his story half-historical, ii. 281 «.2; his feigned imbecility, ii. 291
Hammedatha, father of Haman, ix. 373 n.1
Hammer, used to make mock thunder, i. 248 ; iron, revered by the Lithuan- ians, i. 317 sq. ; sick people struck with a, ix. 259 «.4
Hammers, Thor's, i. 248 n.1
Hammocks, girls at puberty hung up in, x. 56, 59, 60, 61, 66
Hammurabi, king of Babylon, iv. no; code of, ii. 130, v. 71 «.3, 72 n.1
Hampstead in reign of Henry II. , ii. 7
Hamstring of deer, custom of removing, viii. 266
U
298
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hamstringing dead animals, viii. 267,
271, 273
— deer, rule as to, i. 1 1 5
men to disable their ghosts, viii.
272, 273
Hand of Glory, the, a thief's talisman,
i. 149 " of Glory," mandragora, xi. 316
of suicide cut off, iv. 220 n. ; of
dead man in magical ceremony, iv. 267 n,1 See also Hands
Hand-marks, white, viii. 338
Handel, the harmonies of, v. 54
Hands tabooed, iii. 133 sq. , 138, 140 sqq., 146 sqq. , 158, 159 n. , 174, 265 ; food not to be touched with, iii. 138 sqq. , 146 sqq. , 166, 167, 168, 169, 174, 265 ; defiled, iii. 174 ; not to be clasped, iii. 298 ; of enemies eaten, viii. 151, 152 ; of deity, ceremony of grasping the, ix. 356. See also Hand
Hanged god, the, v. 288 sqq.
Hanging as a mode of capital punish- ment, iv. 114 n.1 ; of an effigy of the Carnival, iv. 230 sq. ; as a mode of sacrifice, v. 289 sqq.
Hannah's vow, iii. 263, v. 79
Hannibal, his prayers to Melcarth, v. 113; his retirement from Italy, v. 265 ; despoils the shrine on Soracte, xi. 15 ; within sight of Rome, xi. 15
Hanover, Hildesheim in, ii. 85 ; harvest customs in, vii. 133, 283 ; the Harvest- mother in, vii. 135 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 140 ; the need-fire in, x. 275 ; custom on St. John's Day about, xi. 56
ffantoes, spirits, in Borneo, ix. 87
Hanun, king of Moab, his treatment of David's messengers, iii. 273
Hanway, J. , on worship of perpetual fires at Baku, v. 192
Happah tribe in Marquesas Islands, evil magic practised on hair by the, ni. 268
Hardanger, Norway, Whitsuntide Bride and Bridegroom at, ii. 92
Hardisty, W. L., on the power of medicine -men among the Loucheux Indians, i. 356 sq.
Hardy, Thomas, on the disastrous effect of looking at trees on an empty stomach, i. 136
Hare, name of, tabooed in the morning, iii. 402 sq. ; as scapegoat, ix. 50 sq. ; pastern bone of a, in a popular remedy, x. 17. See also Hares
, corn-spirit as, vii. 279 sq.
Hare clan of the Moquis, viii. 178 ; of the Otawas, viii. 225 n.1
Indians will not taste blood, iii.
241 ; do not pare nails of female children, iii. 263
Hare -lips, superstition as to persons
with, i. 266 skin Indians, viii. 265. See Lou-
cheux
" Hare's blood " at harvest, vii. 280 tail, name given to last standing
corn, vii. 268 Hares thought to bewitch people, i. 212;
witches in the form of, ii. 53, x. 157;
killed on May Day as embodiments of
witches, ii. 53, 54 ; not eaten lest they
make the eaters timid, viii. 141 ;
witches changed into, x. 315 n.1, 316
sqq., xi. 41, 197 Hareskin Tinneh, seclusion of girls at
puberty among the, x. 48 Harlot's Tomb, the, in Lydia, ii. 282 Harlots, sacred, ix. 370, 371, 372 ; at
Comana, ix. 370 n.4, 421 n.1 Haima on Mount Parnes, lightning seen
over, i. 33
Harmattan wind, in West Africa, iii. 5 Harmonia, the necklace of, v. 32 ».2 ;
turned into a snake, v. 86 sq. and Cadmus, iv. 84 ; marriage of,
iv. 88, 89
Haroekoe, East Indian island, fisher- men's magic in, i. 109 ; hunter's magic
in, i. 114 ; treatment of the afterbirth
in, i. 187 Harold the Fair-haired, king of Norway,
ii. 279, vi. 100 «.2 Harp, the music of the, in religion, v. 52
sqq. Harpalyce, her incest with her father, v.
44 n.1 Harpocrates, the younger Horus, vi. 8,
9 n. \ Osiris represented in the form of,
vii. 260 Harpocration, on the human scapegoats
at the Thargelia, ix. 254 n.1 Harpooning a spirit, ix. 126 Harran, mourning of women for Tarn- muz in, v. 230 ; legend of Tammuz
in, vii. 258 , the heathen of, drank blood to
enter into communion with demons,
i« 383 ; their marriage festival of
the gods in the Date Month, ii. 25 ;
their custom at grafting, ii. 100 ».2 ;
human sacrifices offered by, vii. 261
sq. ; sacrifices offered by, viii. 23 ».8 ;
their custom in December, ix. 263 sq. ;
their marriage festival of all the gods,
ix. 273 n.1 ; worship a god Haman,
ix. 366 n.1 Harris, island of, witches of the, i. 135 ;
Slope of Big Stones in, x. 227 Harris, J. Rendel, on borrowed Greek and
Roman festivals in Syrian calendars,
i. 15 n. \ on the pedigree of St. Hippo-
lytus, 21 «.2
GENERAL INDEX
299
Harrison, Miss J. E., on the Sacred Marriage of Dionysus, ii. 137 n.1 ; on the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 139 n.1 \ on the hyacinth (Delphinium Ajacis], v. 314 «.*; on the winnowing-fan in the myth and ritual of Dionysus, vri. 5 «.4 ; on the offering of first-fruits at Eleusis, vii. 60 n.1 ; on the date of the Festival of the Threshing-floor, vii. 62 ».6; on buckthorn, ix. 153 n.1
Harrow used in rain-charm, i. 282, 284
Harte, Bret, on the old Spanish missions in California, viii. 171 n.1
Harthoorn, S. E., on belief in demons in Java, ix. 86 sq
Hartland, E. S., as to Mimetic Magic, i. 52 ji.1 ; on the Godiva legend, i. 283 «.3; on legends of the Perseus type, ii. 156 n. ; on the reincarnation of the dead, v. 91 n.3 ; on primitive paternity, v. 106 n.1 ; on the Hag at harvest in Wales, vii. 143 n.1 ; on "burning the Old Witch" in York- shire, vii. 224 n.4 ; on throwing sticks and stones on cairns, ix. 22 «.2 ; on sin-eating, ix. 46 «.2 ; on custom of knocking in nails as a magical rite, ix. 69 w.1 ; on the life-token, xi. 119 n.
Hartlieb, in Silesia, dramatic contest be- tween Summer and Winterat, iv. 2$6n.1
Haruvarus, degenerate Brahmans, their fire-walk, xi. 9
Harvest, rain -charms at, ii. 47 ; cus- tom of throwing water on the last corn cut as a ram-charm at, v. 237 sq. ; rites of, vi. 45 sqq. ; custom of the Arabs of Moab at, vi. 48, 96 ; annual festival of the dead after, vi. 61, viii. no ; new corn offered to dead kings or chiefs at, vi. 162, 166, 188 ; prayers to the spirits of ancestors at, vi. 175 sq. ; sacrifices to dead chiefs at, vi. 191 ; riddles propounded at, ix. 122 «.; annual expulsion of demons at or after, ix. 134 sq., 137 sq., 225
in Egypt, date of, v. 231 n.9, vi. 32
in Greece, the date of, i. 32, v.
232 n., vii. 48
in Palestine, date of, v. 232 ».
Harvest ceremonies among the Shilluk, iv. 20, 25
child, last sheaf called the, vii. 151
cock, last sheaf called the, vii. 276;
harvest-supper called the, vii. 277
-crown, vii. 221, 277 ; of wheat- ears and flowers, vii. 163
• customs, the Corn-mother in, vii.
133 sqq. ; and spring customs com- pared, vii. 167 sqq.
• -goat, vii. 282, 283
• Gosling, name for the harvest - supper, vii. 277 ».8
Harvest- man, a woman tied up in the last sheaf, vii. 221
May, the, ii. 47 sq.
mother, last sheaf called the, vii.
135
-Queen, vii. 146^., 152
supper, vii. 134, 138, 156, 157,
159 sq.t 161 sq.t 289, 297, 299;
sacramental character of, vii. 303, viii.
48 woman, made of last sheaf, vii.
145
wreath, vii. 283
Harvesters, athletic competitions among, vii. 76 sq. ; wrapt up in corn-stalks, vii. 220 sqq.
Harz Mountains, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in the, i. 204 ; fir-trees set up at Midsummer in the, ii. 65 sq. ; ceremony at Carnival in the, iv. 233 ; saying as to the dance of witches in the, ix. 163 n.1 ; Easter fires in the, x. 140, 142 ; Midsummer fires in the, x. 169 ; need-fire in the, x. 276 ; spnngwort in the, xi. 69 sqq.
Haselberg in Bohemia, farmer swathed in the last corn to be threshed at, vii. 225 sq. ; the Oats-goat at threshing at, vii. 286
Hasselt, J. L. van, on the belief in demons among the Papuans, ix. 83
Hastings, Warren, his embassy to Tibet, ix. 203
Hatfield Moss, in Yorkshire, huge trunks of oak found in, ii. 351
Hathor, Egyptian goddess, ii. 133, vi. 9 n.
Hats, special, worn by girls at puberty, x. 45, 46, 47, 92. See also Hoods
Hatshopsitou, birth of Queen, represented in Egyptian paintings, ii. 131 sqq.
Hattusil, king of the Hittites, his treaty with Rameses II., v. 135
Haua, a god in Easter Island, viii. 133
Haupt, Professor P., on the principal personages in the Book of Esther, ix. 406 n.2
Hausa kings put to death, iv. 35
story of the external soul, xi. 148
sq.
Haussas, taboos on the names of rela- tions among the, iii. 337
Havamal, how Odin learned the magic runes in the, v. 290
Hawaii, feather robes of royal family of, i. 388 rc.8; king of, not to be seen by day, iii. 24 ; capture of souls by sorcerers in, iii. 72 sq. ; exorcism of demons in, iii. 106 ; tabooed priest in, iii. 138 n.1 ; customs as to chiefs and shadows in, iii. 255; annual fes- tival in, iv. 117 sq. ; the volcano cf Kirauea in, v. 216 sqq.
300
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hawaiian taboo, iii. 262
Hawaiians, the New Year of the, xi. 244
Hawes, Mrs., on date of the corn-reaping in Crete, v. 232 n.
Hawk, belief as to the shadow of a brown, in. 82 ; symbol of the sun and of the king in Egypt, iv. 112 ; Isis in the form of a, vi. 8 ; the sacred bird of the earliest Egyptian dynasties, vi. 21 sq. ; epithet regularly applied to the king of Egypt, vi. 22 ; omens from, ix. 384 n.1 See also Hawks
Hawk-town (Hieraconpolis) in Egypt, vi. 21 sq.
Hawk's head and wings, man repre- sented wearing a, vii. 260
Hawkie, the harvest home, vii. 146, 147 n.1
Hawks worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 ; carved on the bier of Osiris, vi. 20 ; hearts of, eaten by diviners to acquire prophetic power, viii. 143 ; revered by the Ainos, viii. 200. See also Hawk
Hawkweed gathered at Midsummer, xi.
57
Hawthorn, Merlin under the, i. 306 ; in bloom on May Day, ii. 52 ; a protection against witches, ii. 55, 127; at doors on May Day, ii. 60; a charm against ghosts, ix. 153 n.1 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316
Haxthausen, A. von, on the Midsummer festival of the Cheremiss, x. 181
Hay, Sir John Drummond, on the Corn- woman among the Berbers, vii. 179
Hays of Errol, their fate bound up with an oak-tree and the mistletoe growing on it, xi. 283 sq.
Hazael, king of Syria, worshipped as a god by the people of Damascus, v. 15
Hazebrouck, in France, wicker giants on Shrove Tuesday at, xi. 35
Hazel, the divining-rod made of, xi. 67 sq, \ never struck by lightning, xi. 69 n.
Hazel leaves in rain ceremony, i. 295
rod used to beat an absent man
vicariously, i. 207 ; used in rain- making, i. 301 ; to drive cattle with, x. 204
Head, sacrificial victim required to shake its, i. 384 ; strayed souls' restored to, iii. 47, 48, 52, 53^., 64, 67; pro- hibition to touch the, iii. 142, 183, 189, 252 sq. 254, 255 sq. ; plastered with mud, iii. 182 ; sacred in Polynesia, iii. 245 ; the human, regarded as sacred, iii. 252 sqq. ; tabooed, iii. 252 sqq. ; supposed to be the residence of spirits, iii. 252 ; objection to have any one overhead, iii. 253 sqq. ; washing the, iii, 253. See also Heads
— of chief not to be touched, i. 344
Head of horse, in Roman sacrifice, viii. 42 ; used to protect garden from cater- pillars, viii. 43 n.1; in effigy, at harvest festival, viii. 43 n.1, 337
Head-dress, special, worn by girls at first menstruation, x. 92
" -Feast" among the Dyaks of
Borneo, v. 295 sq. ; of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 383, 384 n.1,
hunters, rules observed by people
at home in absence of, i. 129 ; customs of, iii. 30, 36, 71 sq., in, 166 sq.t 169 sq. , 261
-hunting in Borneo, v. 294 sqq. ;
in the Philippines, vii. 240 sq. \ among the Wild Wa of Burma, vii. 241 sqq. ; among the Nagas, vii. 243 sq. ; as a means of promoting the growth of the crops, vii. 256
Headache caused by fatigue of soul, iii. 40 ; caused by clipped hair, iii. 270 sq.t 282 ; cures for, ix. 2, 52, 58, 63, 64, x. 17 ; transferred to head-rings, ix. 2 ; transferred to animal, ix. 31 ; mugwort a protection against, xi. 59
Headington, in Oxfordshire, May gar- lands at, ii. 62 «.2; Lord and Lady of the May at, ii. 90 sq.
Headlam, Walter, on Dionysus as a god of beer, vii. 2 n.1
Headless Hugh, Highland story of, xi. 130 sq.
horsemen in India, xi. 131 n.1
Headman, sacred, ix. 177 n.s
Headmen of totem clans in Central Australia as public magicians, i. 335 ; headmen often magicians in South- East Australia, i. 335 sq.
Heads of lac gatherers not to be washed, i. 115 ; custom of moulding heads arti- ficially, ii. 297 sq. ; of manslayers shaved, iii. 177 ; of dead kings re- moved and kept, iv. 202 sq. \ severed human, thought to promote the fertility of the ground and of women, v. 294 sqq. ; used as guardians by Taurians and tribes of Borneo, v. 294 sqq. ; of dead chiefs cut off and buried secretly, vi. 104 ; shaved after lightning has struck a kraal, viii. 161 ; or faces of menstruous women covered, x. 22, 24, 25, 29, 31, 44 sq., 48 sq., 55, 90. See also Head
Heaps of stones, sticks, or leaves, to which every passer-by adds, ix. 9 sqq. ; on the scene of crimes, ix. 13 sqq. ; "lying heaps," ix. 14; on graves, ix. 15 sqq.
Hearn, Lafcadio, on the exorcism of demons in Japan, ix. 144
Hearne, S. , on taboos observed by man- slayers among North American Indians.
GENERAL INDEX
301
in. 184 sqq. \ on the seclusion of men- struous women among the Chippeway Indians, x. 90 sq,
Hearn, Dr. W. E. , on mother-kin among the Aryans, ii. 283 n.*
Heart of Dionysus, the sacred, vii. 13, 14, 15 ; of human victim torn out, viii. 92 ; of jackal not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 141 ; of hen not eaten lest it make the eater timid, viii. 142 ; of lion or leopard eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 142 sq. ; of water-ousel eaten in order to acquire wisdom and eloquence, viii. 144 ; of bear eaten to acquire courage, viii. 146 ; of serpent eaten to acquire lan- guage of animals, viii. 146 ; of wolf eaten to make eater brave, viij. 146 ; regarded as the seat of intellect, viii. 149 ; of bird of prey eaten to acquire courage, viii. 162 ; of salmon not to be eaten by a dog, viii. 255 ».4; of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to appear, x. 321 sq. See also Hearts
of the Earth, a Mexican goddess,
ix. 289
Hearth, bride at marriage conducted to the, ii. 221 ; custom of leading a bride round the, ii. 230, 231 ; new-born children brought to the, ii. 232
, the common, at Delphi, i. 33 ; in
Greek cities, i. 45
, the king's, at Rome, ii. 195, 200,
206 ; oath by, ii. 265
, the sacred, of the Herero, ii. 213, 214 ; seat of the ancestral spirits, ii. 216, 221
Hearts of men and animals offered to the sun, i. 315 ; of dead kings eaten by their successors, iv. 203 ; of men sacrificed, vii. 236 ; of crows, moles, or hawks eaten by diviners to acquire prophetic power, viii. 143 ; of men eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 148 sqq. ; of human victims pffered to the sun, ix. 279 sq., 298 ; of human victims offered to the moon, ix. 282 ; of diseased cattle cut out and hung up as a remedy, x. 269 n.1, 325. See also Heart
Heathen festivals displaced by Christian, v. 308
— origin of Midsummer festival (festival of St. John), v. 249 sq. ; of Christmas, v. 302 sqq.
Heaven, vault of, imitated in rain-charm, i. 261, 262 ; threatened with confla- gration as a rain-charm, i. 303 ; festivals of, i. 399 sq. ; slave treated as the representative of, i. 399 sq. ; temple and image of, i. 414 ; the Chinese
emperor a son of, i. 416 sq. ; eaten by heaven-herds among the Zulus, viii. 1 60 sq.
Heaven and earth, between, x. i sqq.t 98 sq,
, the Queen of, xi. 303
" Heaven bird " in rain-making, i. 302
herds among the Zulus, viii. 160
Heavenly Master, the head of Taoism, i. 413 sqq.
Virgin or Goddess, mother of the
Sun, v. 303
Hebesio, god of thunder, on the Gold Coast, iii. 257
Hebrew kings, traces of their divinity, v. 20 sqq.
names ending in -el or -iah, v.
79«.«
prohibition of images of animals, i.
87«.J
prophecy, the distinctive character
of, v. 75
prophets, their ethical religion, i.
223 ; their resemblance to those of Africa, v. 74 sq.
Hebrews, their notion of the blighting effect of sexual crime, ii. 114 sq. ; apocryphal Gospel to the, iv. 5 «.* ; sacrifice their children to Baal, iv. 1 68 sqq. ; their sacrifice of the first- born, iv. 171 sqq. ; forbidden to reap corners of fields and glean last grapes, vii. 234 sq. ; sacrificed and burned incense to nets, viii. 240 #.* ; the importance they ascribed to blessings and cursings, ix. 23 n. ; their use of birds as scapegoats for leprosy, ix. 35
Hebrides, wind-charms in the, i. 322 sq. \ St. Bride's bed on St. Bride's Day in the, ii. 94 ; the Outer, the fire of a kiln called by a special name in the, iii. 395 ; peats cut in the wane of the moon in the, vi. 137 sq.
Hebron, practice of Moslem pilgrims at, ix. 21
Hecaerge, an epithet of Artemis, v. 292
Hecate at Ephesus, v. 291 ; sometimes identified with Artemis, v. 292 n.
and Zeus" worshipped at Stratonicea,
vi. 227
Hecatombaeon, an Athenian month, ix,
35i
Hecatombeus, a Greek month, v. 314 Heckewelder, Rev. John, on attitude of
North American Indians to the lower
animals, viii. 205 sq. Hecquard, H. , on exorcism of evil spirit
in Guinea, ix. 120
Hector, first chief of Lochbuy, xi. 131 ».1 Hedgehog not to be eaten by soldiers, i,
117 ; transmigration of sinner into,
viii. 299
302
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hegel on magic and religion, i. 235 n.1,
423 sqq.
Hegemone, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 n.1 Hehn, V., on evergreens in Italy, i.
8 #.4 ; on derivation of name Corycian,
v. 187 «.6 Heiberg, Sigurd K., on Midsummer fires
in Norway, x. 171 «.8 Heifer sacrificed at kindling need-fire, x.
290 Heimskringla or Sagas of the Norwegian
Kings* ii. 280 Heine, H. , Pilgrimage to Kevlaar, i. 77 ;
on the oak woods of Germany, ii.
243
Heitsi-eibib, Hottentot god or hero, his graves, iv. 3, x. 16
Hekaerge and Hekaergos, i. 33, 34, 35
Helaga, holy or taboo, ii. 106 «.2
Helbig, W.f on bronze statuettes at Nemi, i. 20 n.6
Helen and Menelaus, ii. 279
of the Tree, worshipped in Rhodes,
v. 292
Helensburgh, in Dumbartonshire, Hal- lowe'en at, x. 237 n.6
Helernus, grove of, ii. 190 sq.
Heliacal rising of Sirius, vi. 1 52
Helice, in Achaia, destroyed by earth- quake, v. 203 ; Poseidon worshipped at, v. 203 w.2
Heligoland, disappearance of herring about, viii. 251
Heliodorus, on the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at Ephesus, vi. 243 sq.
Heliogabalus, the Emperor, his marriage of the Sun-god and Moon-goddess, iv. 92 ; his sacrifice of children of living parents, vi. 248
, sun-god at Emesa, v. 35
Hehopolis (the Egyptian), Turn the god of, i. 419 ; the gods of, ii. 131 ; wine not to be taken into the temple at, iii. 249 ».2 ; the mummy of Toumou at, iv. 5 ; Mnevis the sacred bull of, iv. 72, viii. 34 ; trial of the dead Osiris before the gods at, vi. 17
(Baalbec), in Syria, v. 163 «.2 ;
sacred prostitution at, i. 30 ».8, v.
37. 58
Hell-broth in rain-charm, i. 352 fire in Catholic and Protestant
theology, iv. 136
14 -gate of Ireland," x. 226
Helle and Phrixus, the children of King
Athamas, iv. 161 sqq. Hellebore, curses at cutting, i. 281 Helmsdale, in Sutherland, need-fire at,
x. 295 Helpful animals in fairy tales, xi. 107,
117, 120, 127 sqq.t 130, 132, 133,
139 ».a. 140^-. 149
Hemingway, Mr., on unlucky maniages
in India, ii. 57 «.4 Hemithea, her sanctuary at Castabus,
viii. 24 n.6, 85
Hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 138, 139 n.1 ; burned on May Day as a
protection against witches, ix. 158 sq. Hemlock branch, external soul of ogress
in a, xi. 152 branches, passing through a ring
of, in time of sickness, xi. 186
stone in Nottinghamshire, x. 157
Hemorrhoids, root of orpine a cure for,
xi. 62 n. Hemp, homoeopathic magic to promote
the growth of, i. 137 sq. \ augury as
to the height of the, ix. 315 ; dances
to make hemp grow tall, ix. 315 ;
intoxication of women to make hemp
grow tall, x. 109 ; leaping over the
Midsummer bonfire to make the hemp
grow tall, x. 166, 168 Hemp dance on Shrove Tuesday, i. 138 seed, divination by, at Hallowe'en,
x. 235, 241, 245 Hen sacrificed by woodman after felling
tree, ii. 14 ; soul in form of, iii. 42 n. \
heart of, not eaten, viii. 142, 147.
See also Hens and chickens imitated by a woman
and her children at Christmas, x.
260 Hen's egg, external soul of giant in a,
xi. 140 sq. Henderson, William, on need -fire, x.
288 sq. ; on a remedy for cattle-disease,
x. 296 n.1 ; on burnt sacrifice of ox,
x. 301
Henna, image of Demeter at, vii. 65 Hennepin, L. , on the New Year festival
of the Iroquois, ix. 128 n. Heno, the thunder-spirit of the Iroquois,
ii. 369 sq. Henry II., Hampstead in the reign of, ii.
7 ; at Rouen, ii. 164, 165 Hens not eaten lest they make the eaters
timid, viii. 140, 142, 147 ; the straw
of the Shrovetide Bear supposed to
make the hens lay eggs, viii. 326.
See also Hen Henshaw, Richard, on external or bush
souls in Calabar, xi. 205 sq. Hepding, H., on Attis, v. 263 ».1; on
Catullus's poem Attis, v. 270 n* \ on
the bath of Cybele's image, v. 280 Hephaestion, funeral games in honour of,
iv. 95
Hephaestius, a Greek month, vii. 46 «.a Hephaestus, the Greek fire-god, reputed
father of Erichthonius, ii. 199; (Ptah),
temple of, at Memphis, iv. 259 n.1 ;
and hot springs, v. 209 ; said to have
GENERAL INDEX
303
killed Adonis, viii. 23 ; worshipped in Leranos, x. 138
Hephaestus and Talos, iv. 74
Heqet, Egyptian frog-goddess, vi. 9 n.
Hera, her adoption of Hercules, i. 74 ; the love of Zeus for, i. 161 ; as an oak- goddess, ii. 142, 142 «.2 ; race of girls in honour of, at Olympia, iv. 91 ; the sister of her husband Zeus, iv. 194 ; represented wearing a goat's skin, vii. 23 «.4
, Argive, her sacred grove among
the Veneti, i. 27
the Flowery at Argos, ii. 143 ».2
and Hercules, i. 74
and Zeus, their sacred marriage, ii.
137 n.1, 140 sq. , 142 sq. , v. 280
Heraclids, Lydian destiny of the, v. 182, 184 ; perhaps Hittite, v. 185
Heraclitus, on the souls of the dead, iv.
12
Heraean mountains in Sicily, the oaks of the, ii. 354
Heraeon, a Greek month, viii. 7
Heralds, tongues of sacrificial victims assigned to Greek, viii. 270 sq.
Herb, a magic, gathered at Hallowe'en, x. 228
of St. John, mugwort, gathered on
St. John's Eve or Day, xi. 58 sqq. ; wonderful virtues ascribed to, xi. 46, 58 sqq. See also Herbs
Herbert River in Queensland, personal names avoided for fear of magic on the, iii. 320
Herbrechtingen, in Thiiringen, the cow 'at threshing at, vii. 291
Herbs thrown across the Midsummer fires, x. 182, 20 1 ; wonderful, gathered on St. John's Eve or Day, xi. 45 sqq.
and flowers cast into the Midsummer
bonfires, x. 162, 163, 172, 173
Hercules adopted by Hera, i. 74 ; sacri- fice with curses to, i. 281 sq. ; his birth delayed by Lucina, iii. 298 sq. ; in the garden of the Hesperides, iv. 80 ; identified with Melcarth, v. 16, m ; slain by Typhon and revived by lolaus, v. in ; burnt on Mount Oeta, v. in, 116, 211 ; worshipped at Gades, v. 112 sq, ; women excluded from sacri- fices to, v. 113 n.1 ; identified with Sandan, v. 125, 143, 161, ix. 388 ; burns himself, v. 176 ; worshipped after death, v. 180 ; the itch of, v. 209 ; his dispute with Aesculapius, v. 209 sq. ; the patron of hot springs, v. 209 sqq. \ altar of, at Thermopylae, v. 210 ; the effeminate, vi. 257, 258, 259 ; priest of, dressed as a woman, vi. 258 ; vernal mysteries of, at Rome, vi. 258 ; sacrifices to, at Rome, vi.
258 n.s ; apple offered instead of ram to, viii. 95 ».2 ; surnamed Worm- killing, viii. 282 ; cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 «.8; his death on a pyre, ix. 389, 391
Hercules and Achelous, ii. 162
and Alcmena, ni. 298 sq.
at Argyrus, temple of, x. 99 «.8
and Busiris, vii. 259
and the lion, v. 184
with the lion's scalp, Greek type of,
v. 117^.
and Lityerses, vii. 217
surnamed Locust, viii. 282
, the Lydian, identical with the Cili-
cian Hercules, v. 182, 184, 185
and Omphale, ii. 281 sq., v. 182,
vi. 258, ix. 389
and Sardanapalus, v. 172 sqq.
and Syleus, vii. 258
and Zeus, viii. 172
Hercynian forest, the, ii. 7, 354 ; etymo- logy of the name, ii. 354 w.2, 367 n.8
Herd-boys, taboos observed by Esthonian,
ii- 33i Herdsmen dread witches and wolves, x.
343
Hereditary and elective monarchy, com- bination of the two, ii. 292 sqq.
deities, v. 51
queens and elective kings, ii. 295
Hereford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337
Herefordshire, soul-cakes in, vi. 79 ; the sin-eater in, ix. 43 ; fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318 sqq ; Midsummer fires in, x. 199 ; the Yule log in, x. 257 sq,
Herero or Damaras, a Bantu tribe ol German South- West Africa, their con- tagious magic of footprints, i. 209 ; their prayers and sacrifices for rain, i 287 ; their fire-customs, ii. 211 sqq. their huts and villages, ii. 212 sq. their worship of ancestors, ii. 221 seclusion of women at childbirth among the, iii. 151 ; purification of warriors after battle among the, iii. 176 ; holiness of women in childbed among the, in. 225 n. ; the worship of the dead among the, vi. 185 sqq.
Hermaphrodite son of Sky and Earth, v. 282 n.
Hermaphrodites, dance of, v. 271 n.
Hermegisclus, king of the Varini, enjoined his son to wed his stepmother, ii. 283
Hermes at Athens, the mutilation of the, iii. 75 ; the grave of, iv. 4 ; tongues of victims assigned to, viii. 270 ; tried for the murder of Argus, ix. 24 ; way- side images of, ix. 24 ; Cretan festiv.il of, ix. 350
and Aegipan, v. 157
304
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hermes and Argus, ix. 24
Hermesianax, on the death of Attis, v. 264 «.4
Hermion, Dionysus of the Black Goat- skin at, vii. 17
Hermopolis, grave of Hermes at, iv. 4
Hermotimus of Clazomenae and his rambling soul, iii. 50
Hermsdorf, in Silesia, harvest custom at, vii. 139
Hermus, river, in Asia Minor, v. 185, 186
Hermutrude, legendary queen of Scot- land, ii. 281
Herndon, W. L., on the ordeal of stinging with ants among the Indians of Brazil, x. 62 «.8
Hernia, cured by prayer of girl at puberty, x. 98 n.1
Herod resorts to the springs of Callir- rhoe, v. 214; his slaughter of the young children, ix. 337 ; his soldiers' treatment of Christ, ix. 416
Herodas, as to the soul on the lips, iii.
33 »•*
Herodes Atticus, his benefaction at Ther- mopylae, v. 210
Herodias, cursed by Slavonian peasants,
v. 345
Herodotus on the Hyperborean maidens, i. 34 ns. ; on the divinity of Spartan kings, I. 48 sq. ; on the destruction of the Psylli, i. 331 ; on descent of the Lydian crown, ii. 282 ; on sanctuary of Aphrodite at Paphos, v. 34 ; on reli- gious prostitution, v. 58 ; on wife of Bel, v. 71 ; on Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174 ; on the sacrifices of Croesus to Apollo, v. iSow.1 ; on so-called monu- ment of Sesostris, v. 185 ; on the fes- tival of Osiris at Sais, vi. 50 ; on the mourning for Osiris, vi. 86 ; identifies Osiris with Dionysus, vi, 113 «.2; on the similarity between the rites of Osiris and Dionysus, vi. 127 ; on human sacrifices offered by the wife of Xerxes, vi. 221 ; on the Linus song, vii. 258 ; on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 n.9 ; on the Egyptian sacrifice of pigs to Osiris and the moon, viii. 25 fi.1 ; on the worship of Ishtar (Astarte), ix. 372
Heroes worshipped in form of animals, v. 139 n.1
Herrera, A. de, on naguals among the Indians of Honduras, xi. 213 sq.
Herrick, Robert, The Hock-cart or the Harvest Home, vii. 147 n.1 \ on the Yule log, x. 225
Herring thought to be attracted by the laird of Dunvegan, i. 368 ; supersti- tions as to, viii. 251 sq. ; salt, divina- tion by, at Hallowe'en, x, 239
Herrings and dumplings to be eaten on
Twelfth Night, ix. 241 Hersilia, a Sabine goddess, ii. 193 n.1 Hertfordshire, May garlands and carols
in, ii. 61, 61 w.1; " Crying the Mare"
in, vii. 2^2 sq. ; ague transferred to
oaks in, ix. 57 sq. Hertz, W. , on religious prostitution, v.
57 »-l» 59 «-4
Heruli, a Teutonic tribe, their custom oi killing the sick and old, iv. 14
Hervey Islands, South Pacific, legend of the origin of the Pleiades in the, vii. 312
Herzegovina, marriage custom at Mostar in, ii. 230 sq. ; the Yule log in, x. 263 ; need-fire in, x. 286
Hesiod, on acorns as food, ii. 355 ; on Demeter as goddess of the corn, vii. 42 ; on time for ploughing, vii. 45 ; on time of vintage, vii. 47 ».2 ; on the farmer's calendar, vii. 53
Hesperides, garden of the, iv. 80
Hesse, homoeopathic treatment of a broken leg in, i. 205 ; race on horse- back at a marriage in, ii. 303 sq. ; custom at ploughing in, v. 239 ; pigs' ribs used at sowing in, vii. 300 ; Lenten fire-custom in, x. 118; Easter fires in, x. 140 ; wells decked with flowers on Midsummer Day in, xi. 28
Hestt the Egyptian name for Isis, vi. 50 #.4, 115 n.1
Hestia, the Greek equivalent of Vesta, i. 45 ; sacrifices offered by the king to, i.
45 Hettingen in Baden, custom at sowing at,
v. 239
Heudanemi at Athens, i. 325 n.1 Hewitt, J. N. B., on need-fire of the
Iroquois, x. 299 sq.
Heyne, C. G. , on the Panlia, ii. 329 n.1 Hezekiah, King, and the brazen serpent,
iv. 86 ; his reformation, v. 25, 107 ;
date of his reign, v. 25 «.4 Hiaina district of Morocco, Midsummer
custom of Arab women in, xi. 51 Hialto, how he became brave, viii. 146 Hibeh papyri, vi. 35 n.1, 51 n.1 Hibiscus tree used in making fire-drill,
iii. 227 Hidatsa Indians of North America, on
the shades or spirits of cottoriwood
trees, ii. 12 ; taboos observed by
eagle-hunters among the, iii. 198^.;
their theory of the plurality of souls,
xi. 221 sq. Hide, cow's, beaten with staves on the
last day of the year in the Highlands
of Scotland, viii. 322 sqq. ; beaten
by the Salii with rods, ix. 231 Hide-measured lands, legends as to, vi
249 sg.
GENERAL INDEX
305
Hiera Sykaminos, furthest point of Roman empire in southern Egypt, iv. 144 *.a
Hieracium pilosella, mouse-ear hawk- weed, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 57
Hieraconpolis or Hawk-town, the oldest royal capital in Egypt, iv. 112 ; hawks worshipped at, vi. 22 n^- \ representa- tions of the Sed festival at, vi. 151
Hierapolis on the Euphrates, biennial ceremony of pouring water at, i. 251 n.* ; sacred pigs at, viii. 23
, the Syrian, offerings of hair at,
i. 29 ; rule as to mourners entering the temple of Astarte at, iii. 286 ; high priest of the Syrian goddess at, v. 143 n.4 ; festival of the Pyre or Torch at, v. 146, ix. 392 ; sacred doves at, v, 147 ; eunuch priests of Astarte at, v. 269 sq.
and Hieropolis, distinction between,
v. 168 «.a
, in the valley of the Maeander, cave
of Pluto at, v. 206 ; hot springs at, v. 206 sqq.
Hierapolis- Bambyce, Atargatis the god- dess of, v. 137, 162 ; mysterious golden image at, v. 162 /z.2; rules as to the pollution of death at, vi. 227
Hieroglyphics, Hittite, v. 124, 125 n.
Hieroglyphs perhaps magical in origin, i. 87 nl
Hieron, Greek vase of, vii. 68 n.1
Hierophant at Eleusis, temporarily de- prived of his virility, ii. 138 ; his marriage, ii. 139 n.^ \ his exhortation to offer the first-fruits, vii. 55, 59 $q. ; unlawful sacrifice offered by a, vii. 61 n.* ; perhaps represented Zeus in a sacred marriage, vii. 65
Higgins, Rev. J. C. , on bonfires at Tar- bolton, x. 207 n.2
High Alps, department of the, Mid- summer fires in the, xi. 39 sq.
High History of the Holy Graal, iv. 120,
134
High Priest in Timor, rules observed by, during absence of warriors, i. 128 sq. ; of the Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, taboos observed by the, iii. 14 «.a; of Syrian goddess at Hierapolis, v. 143 n.4 • the Jewish, viii. 27, ix. 210 ; the Fijian, xi. 245
Priestess, head of the State in
Khyrim, vi. 203
Highland sorcerers use knotted cords, iii. 305 «.8
sportsmen, their guns or fishing- rods not to be stepped over, iii. 423
- story of absence of soul in sleep, iii. 40 sq.\ of Headless Hugh, xi. 130 sq.
Highland witches, how they sink ships,
i- i3S
Highlanders of Scotland, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 329 ; their precautions against witchcraft on Bel- tane Eve, ii. 53 ; forced fire (need- fire) among the, ii. 238 ; their super- stitions as to Good Friday, in. 229 ; their belief as to cut hair, iii. 271 ; loose or cut all knots on a corpse, iii. 310 ; certain words tabooed to them at sea, m. 394 ; on the influence of the moon, vi. 132, 134, 140 ; their medicinal applications of menstruous blood, x. 98 ».1; their belief in the power of witches to destroy cattle, x. 343 n.1 ', their belief concerning snake stones, xi. 311
Highlands of Scotland, magic to catch fish in the, i. no; magical virtues ascribed to chiefs in the, i. 368 ; faith in the healing touch of a Mac- donald in the, i. 370 #.8 ; St. Bride's day in the, ii. 94 ; fires put out in house of death in the, ii. 267 n.4 ; divination by the shoulder-blades of sheep in the, iii. 229 ; iron as a charm against fairies in the, iii. 232 sq. \ say- ing about combing hair at night in the, hi. 271 ; knots untied and buckles removed at marriage in the, iii. 299 sq. ; the last corn cut at harvest called the Old Wife (CaiUeach] in the, vii. 140 sqq. ; the last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in the, vii. 155 sqq. ; beating the cow's hide on the last day of the year in the, vni. 322 sqq. ; custom of throwing stones on cairns in the, ix. 20 sq. ; cock buried alive on spot where epileptic patient fell down in the, ix. 68 «.2 ; the Twelve Days in the, ix. 324 ; snake stones in the, x. 1 6 ; Beltane fires in the, x. 146 sqq. \ Hallowe'en fires in the, x. 230 sqq. \ divination at Hallowe'en in the, x. 229, 234 sqq. ; need-fire in the, x. 289 sqq. ; need-fire and Beltane fire kindled by the friction of oak in the, xi. 91
Hilaria, Festival of Joy in the rites of Attis, v. 273
Hildesheim, the Leaf King at Whitsun- tide at, ii. 85 ; bell -ringing at, on Ascension Day, ix. 247 sq. ; Easter rites of fire and water at, x. 124 ; Easter bonfires at, x. 141 ; the need-fire at, x. 272 sq. ; hawk-weed gathered on Mid- summer Day at, xi. 57
Hill, G. F. , on image of Artemis at Perga, v. 35 w.2 ; on legend of coins at Tarsus, v. 126 «.2 ; on goddess 'Atheh, v. 162 n.1 \ on coins of Mallus, v. 165 ».6
306
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Hill, Miss Nina, on a Candlemas custom
in County Galway, ii. 95 n. Hill of the Fires in the Highlands of
Scotland, x. 149
of Lloyd, near Kells, iv. 99
of Ward, in County Meath, x. 139
Hill Tout, C., on respect shown by the
Indians of British Columbia for the
animals and plants which they eat, vi.
44 ; on Indian ceremonies before eating
the first wild berries or roots of the
season, viii. 80 sq., 134 Hills, spirits of, worshipped in Burma, ii.
4i Himalayan districts of the North -Western
Provinces of India, gardens of Adonis
in the, v. 242 ; sacrifices at sowing
and harvest in the, viii. 117 ; prayers
at cairns in the, ix. 29 ; mistletoe in
the, xi. 316 Himalayas, cairns or heaps of sticks in
the, ix. 12 Himera, the battle of, iv. 167, v. 115;
hot springs of, v. 213 n.1 Himerius, on the gift of the corn, vii. 58 Hindoo bride led round the fire, ii. 230 — - — ceremony of rebirth from a golden
cow, iii. 113 charm to cause sleep, i. 148 ; ancient,
by means of knots, iii. 306 expiation for killing sacred animals,
iv. 216
marriage, the pole-star at, i. 166
marriages of trees and shrubs, ii.
35 -V-
--• ... places of pilgrimage, hair of crimi- nals shaved at, iii. 287
« ritual, confession of sins in, iii.
217 ; ancient, for the transference of thirst, ix. 38 ; abstinence from salt in, x. 27 ; as to cutting a child's hair, x.
99 «-2
— — story of the absence of the soul in a dream, iii. 38 n,4
Trinity, i. 225, 404
women will not name their hus- bands, iii. 333 ; their restrictions at menstruation, x. 84
worship of cows, viii. 37
Hindoo Koosh, sacred cedar of the, i. 383 ; diviners among the tribes of the, i. 383 sq. ; the Kafirs of the, i. 385 ; expulsion of demons after harvest in the, ix. 137, 225
Hindoos, magical images among the, i. 6$sqq. ; their contagious magic of foot- prints, i. 209 ; their test of a sacrificial victim, i. 384 sq. ; worship the Holy Basil (tulasi) plant, ii. 26 sq. ; their custom at yawning, iii. 31 ; their cus- tom as to paring children's nails, iii. 362 sq. ; their belief as to shooting
stars, iv. 67 ; their indifference to death, iv. 136 ; sacrednessof the first- born among the, iv. 181 ; their belief in the rebirth of a father in his son, iv. 188 ; burial of infants among the, v. 94; their worship of perpetual fire, v. 192 ; their marriage customs, vi. 246, x. 75 ; transference of evil among the, ix. 38 ; their fear of demons, ix. 91 sq. ; maidens secluded at puberty among the, x. 68 ; their use of menstruous fluid, x. 98 n.1 ; stories of the external soul among the, xi. 97 sqq. See also India
Hindoos, ancient, magical images among the, i. 77 ; their treatment of jaundice, i. 79 ; barley in the religious ritual of the, vii. 132; sacrifice of first-fruits among the, viii. 119 j^. ; their cure for epilepsy, ix. 69 n.
of the Central Provinces, their belief
that a twin can ward off hail and heavy rain, i. 269
of Northern India, their mode of
drinking moonshine, vi. 144
of the Punjaub, their belief as to the
length of a soul's residence in heaven, iv. 67 ; annual ceremony of the expul- sion of poverty among the, ix. 144 sq. ; their custom of passing unlucky chil- dren through narrow openings, xi. 190
of Southern India, their ceremony
at eating the new rice, viii. 56 ; their Pongol festival, xi. i
Hinnom, the Valley of, sacrifice of first- born children in, iv. 169, 170, v. 178, vi. 219
Hippasus, torn to pieces by Bacchanals, iv. 164
Hippoclides and Clisthenes, ii. 307 sq.
Hippocrates, sacrifices offered to, i. 105 ; on a Sarmatian custom of moulding the heads of children artificially, ii. 297
Hippodamia, her marriage with Pelops, iv. 91 ; institutes the girls' race at Olympia, iv. 91 ; grave of the suitors of, iv. 104 ; her incest with her father, v. 44 n.1
and Pelops, ii. 279, 299 sq.
Hippolytus killed by horses, i. 20, iv. 214, viii. 40 ; restored to life by Aesculapius, i. 20, iv. 214 ; dedicated horses to Aesculapius, i. 21 «.2, viii. 41 «.5; hair dedicated by youths and maidens to, i. 28, 39
and Artemis, i. 19 sq., 24 sqq.
and Phaedra, i. 19
or Virbius, the first King of the
Wood at Nemi, i. 19 sq. , iv. 214, viil 40
Hippolytus, Christian Father, on the
GENERAL INDEX
207
exhibition of corn to the initiates at
Eleusis, vii. 38
Hippolytus, Saint, martyrdom of, i. 21 Hippomenes wins Atalante in a race, ii.
301 Hippopotamus, ceremony after killing a,
viii. 235 ; external soul of chief in a,
xi. 200 Hippopotamuses, souls of dead in, viii.
289 ; lives of persons bound up with
those of, xi. 201, 202, 205, 209 Hiqit, frog-headed Egyptian goddess, ii.
132, 133 Hirn, Y. , as to homoeopathic magic, i.
52 ».J; on magic by similarity and
magic by contact, i. 54 n.1 Hiro, Polynesian thief- god, iii. 69 Hirpi Sorani, their fire-walk, xi. 14 sq. Hirpini, the, traced their origin to a
" sacred spring," iv. 186 ; guided by
a wolf (hirpus]> iv. 186 #.4; valley of
Amsanctus in the land of, v. 204 Hirschfeld, G., on Hittite hieroglyphs,
i. 87 n.1 Hirt, Professor H. , on the derivation of
the name Perkunas, ii. 367 n.3; on
the Twelve Days, ix. 325 n.3 Hissar District, Punjaub, burial of dead
infants at the threshold in the, v. 94 Historical tradition hampered by the
taboo on the names of the dead, in.
363 sqq. History not to be explained without tne
influence of great men, v. 311 «.2 ; of
mankind not to be summed up in a few
simple formulas, viii. 37 ; of religion a
long attempt to reconcile old custom
with new reason, viii. 40 Hitchin, in Hertfordshire, May carols at,
ii. 61 n.1 Hittite, correct form of the national name
Chatti or Hatti, v. 133 n. Hittite god of thunder, v. 134, 163
gods at Tarsus and Sardes, v. 185
hieroglyphics, i. 87 n.1, v. 124,
125 n. inscription on Mount Argaeus, v.
190 n.1 priest or king, his costume, v. 131
sq., 133 »- sculptures at CarchemSsh, v. 38 n. ,
123 ; at Ibreez, v. 121 sqq. ; at Bor
(Tyana), v. 122 n.1 ; at Euyuk, v.
123 ; at Boghaz-Keui, v. 128 sqq. ; at
Babylon, v. 134 ; at Zenjirli, v. 134 ;
at Giaour- Kalesi, v. 138 n. \ at Kara- Bel, v. 138 n. ; at Marash, v. 173 ;
in Lydia, v. 185
Sun-goddess, v. 133 «.
• treaty with Egypt, v. 135 sq.
Hittites worship the bull, v. 123, 132 ;
their empire, language, etc., v.
their costume, v. 129^., 131; their
seals of treaty, v. 136, 142 n.1, 145 ».2;
traces of mother-kin among the, v.
141 sq. ; their deity named Tark or
Tarku, v. 147 Hkamies of North Aracan, their annual
festival of the dead, vi. 61 Hkon, race of Upper Burma, virgins of
the, married to the spirit of a lake, ii.
150 sq. Hlubi chief, his external soul in a pair of
ox-horns, xi. 156 Hlubies, the, of South-Eastern Africa,
their rain-ma-king, i. 249 Ho tribe of Togoland, their kings buried
secretly, vi. 104. See Hos Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, on Hallowe'en
in Wales, x. 239 Hobby-horse at Padstow, ii. 68 ; to carry
away spirit of smallpox, ix. 119 Hobley, C. W., on the belief of the
Akikuyu in the fertilization of women
by wild fig-trees, ii. 316 ; on spiritual
husbands among the Akamba, ii.
316 sq. Hochofen, village of Bohemia, annual
expulsion of witches on Walpurgis
Night at, ix. 161 sq. Hockey played as a ceremony, ix. 174 Hockey cart, the waggon on which the
last corn is brought from the harvest
vii. 147 n.1 Hodgson, Adam, on Indian parallel to
Jacob wrestling with the angel, viii.
field, 264 Hodson, T. C., on mode of keeping
count of years in Manipur, iv. 117 n.1 ;
on taboos among the hill tribes of
Assam, vii. 109 «.2; on annual eponyms
in Manipur, ix. 39 sq. Hodum Deo, images of, i. 284 n. Hoeck, K. , on the pursuit of Britomartis
by Zeus, iv. 73 n.1 Hoeing, rites at, vii. 96 ; done by women,
vii. 113 sq. Hoensbroech, Count von, his mode of
communion with the Deity, viii. 94 Hoes used by women in agriculture, vii.
114, 115, 116, 118, 119 Hofmayr, P. W. , on the Supreme Being
of the Shilluks, iv. 18 n.1 ; on the wor- ship of Nyakang among the Shilluks,
iv. 19 n.8, vi. 164, 166 Hog-sucker in homoeopathic magic, i.
155 Hog's bloocj, purifying virtue of, i. 107.
See Pig Hog's wort (Peucedanum leiocarpum,
Nutt.) burnt as an offering to salmon,
viii. 254 Hogarth, D. G. , on relics of paganism
at Paphos, v. 36 ; on the Corycian
308
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
cave, v. 155 n. ; on Roman remains
at Tarsus, v. 172 n.1 Hogg, Alexander, and Midsummer bon-
fires, x. 206 sq. Hoggan, Frances, on cutting " the neck"
at harvest in Pembrokeshire, vii. 267 Hogmanay, the last day of the year,
Highland custom of beating a cow's
hide on, viii. 323 ; song in the Isle of
Man, x. 224 ; the " Burning of the
Clavie " at Burghead on, x. 266 Hogs sacrificed to goddess of volcano,
v. 218 sq. See Pigs Hohenstaufen Mountains in Wurtem-
berg, Midsummer fires in the, x.
1 66 Hole in tongue of medicine-man, xi. 238,
239
Holed flint a protection against witches, ix. 162
- stone in magic, i, 313. See also Holes
Holes in rocks or stones which sick people creep through as a cure, xi. 186 sqq.
Holi, a festival of Northern India, bon- fires at, xi. 2 sq.
Holiness conceived as a dangerous virus, viii. 29 ; or taboo conceived as a dangerous physical substance which needs to be insulated, x. 6 sq.
- and pollution not differentiated by savages, iii. 224
Holland, belief as to cauls in, i. 199 ; Whitsuntide customs in, ii. 80, 104 ; story as to absence of soul from body in, in. 39 n.1 ; " Killing the Hare " at harvest in, vii. 280 ; Easter fires in, x.
145
Hollantide Eve (Hallowe'en) in the Isle of Man, x. 244
Hollertau, Bavaria, Easter fires in the, x. 122
Hollis, A. C, , on a Masai custom as to the brewing of honey-wine, iii. 200 «. 8 ; onserpent-worshipamongtheAkikuyu, v. 67 sq. ; on serpent-worship among the Masai, v. 84 ; on serpent- worship among the Nandi, v. 84^. ; on custom of manslayers among the Nandi, viii. 155 ; on pretence of being born again at circumcision among the Akikuyu, xi. 262
Hollow things, homoeopathic magic of,
Holly-oaks in sacred grove of Dia, ii.
122 Holly -tree, children passed through a
cleft, xi. 169 «.a Holm-oak or ilex, resemblance of its leaf
to the laurel, iv. 81 sq. ; the Golden
Bough growing on a, xi. 285 Holstein, the last sheaf called the Corn-
mother in, vii. 133 sq. ; fox carried from house to house in spring in, vii. 297
Holy Apostles, church of the, at Florence, x. 126
Basil, worshipped in India, ii. 26
candles, i. 13
Ghost, alleged incarnation of the,
i. 409 ; regarded as female, iv. 5«.8
of Holies, the Fijian, xi. 244, 245
Innocents' Day, young people beat
each other on, ix. 270, 271 ; mock pope or bishop on, ix. 334, 336, 337, 338
Land, fire flints brought from the,
x. 126
" men " in Syria, v. 77 sq.
Saturday, effigy of Queen of Lent
beheaded on, iv. 244
Sepulchre, church of the, at Jeru- salem, ceremony of the new fire in the, x. 128 sq.
water a charm against witchcraft,
ii. 340 ; sprinkling with, iii. 285 sq. ; a protection against witches, ix. 158, 164 sq.
Holyrood, Charles the First at, i. 368
Homer on the loves of Zeus and Hera, ii. 143 ; kings called divine in, ii. 177 ; on Demeter as goddess of the corn, vii. 41 sq. ; on loves of Zeus and Demeter, vii. 66 ; on gods in likeness of foreigners, vii. 236
Homeric age, funeral games in the, iv. 93
Greeks cut out tongues of sacri- ficial victims, viii. 270
Hymn to Demeter ; vii. 35 sqq. , 70,
161 n.4, 211 «.3
Homesteads protected by bonfires against lightning and conflagration, x. 344
Homicide, banishment of, iv. 69 sq. See Manslayers
Hommel, Professor F. , on the Hittite deity Tarku, v. 147 ».3
Homoeopathic or imitative magic, i. 52 sqq. i iii. 151, 152, 207, 295, 298, iv. 283, 285, vii. 10, 62, 262, viii. 267, 272, 33L 333. 334. ix- 177, 232, 257, 404, x. 49, 133, xi. 177, 287 ; for th-2 making of rain, i. 247 sqq. \ of a flesh diet, viii. 138 sqq. See also Magic
taboos, i. 116
Homogeneity of civilization in prehistoric times in Southern Europe and Western Asia, ix. 409
Homolje mountains in Servia, ' ' living fire" in time of epidemic at the, ii. 237, x. 282
Honduras, Indians of, their superstition as to the bones of deer, viii. 241 • the nagual or external soul among the, xi. 213 sq., 226 n.1
GENERAL INDEX
309
Hone, W. , on May- poles, ii. 70 sq. \ on 44 crying the neck," vii. 264 sq.
Honey offered to the sun-god, i. 311
and milk offered to snakes, v. 85,
viii. 288
Honey-cakes, sacred serpent fed with, iv. 86, v. 87
-wine, continence observed at brew- ing, iii. 200
Honorific totems of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273 sqq.
Honorius and Theodosius, decree of, ix. 392
Honour and good faith, the bonds of, strengthened by superstition, iii. 130
Hood Bay in New Guinea, custom observed after a death at, ix. 84
Hood, Thomas, on the water-fairy, iii.
94 Hoods worn by women after childbirth,
x. 20 ; worn by girls at puberty, x,
44 sq. , 48 sq. , 55 ; worn by women at
menstruation, x. 90. See also Hats Hook-thorn not to be cut while the corn
is in the ground, ii. 49 Hooks used in magic, i. 132, 347 ; to
catch souls, iii. 30 sq. , 51 ; Indian
custom of swinging on, iv. 278 sq. Hoop, crawling through a, as a cure
or preventive of disease, xi. 184 ; of
rowan-tree, sheep forced through a, xi.
184 Hoopoe brings the mythical springwort,
xi. 70 «.2 Hop-picking, treatment of strangers at,
vii. 226 Hope of immortality, the Egyptian,
centred in Osiris, vi. 15 sq., 90 sq.,
114, 159
Hopi Indians, their fire-drill, ii. 208 sq, Hopladamus, a giant, v. 157 n.z Hora and Quinnus, vi. 233 Horatius purified for the murder of his
sister, xi. 194 Horkos, the Greek god of oaths, vi. 231
».8
Hornbeam, mistletoe on, xi. 315 Home Island, South Pacific, blood of
wounded friends smeared on their
relatives in, iii. 245 Horned cap worn by priest or god, v.
123 ; of Hittite god, v. 134
Dionysus, vii. 12, 16
god, Hittite and Greek, v. 123
lion on coins of Tarsus, v. 127
Hornkampe in Prussia, the last sheaf
called the Old Woman at, vii. 137 Hornless ox in homoeopathic magic, i.
151
Horns, of goat hung on a sacred tree, ii. 42 ; of sacrificial oxen, iv. 32, 33 ; as a religious emblem, v. 34 ; worn
by gods, v. 163 sq. ; of a cow worn by Isis, vi. 50 ; of straw worn to keep off demons, ix. 118 ; of goat a protection against witches, ix. 163 Horns blown to expel demons, ix. m, 117, 204, 214; to ban witches, ix. 160, 161, 165, 166 ; at Penzance on eve of May Day, ix. 163 sq. ; by maskers, ix. 243, 244 Horse, prohibition to see a, iii. 9 ; pro- hibition to ride, hi. 13; "seeing the Horse," vii. 294; "Cross of the Horse," vii. 294; "fatigue of the Horse," vii. 294; sacrificed to Mars in October for the sake of the crops, viii. 42 sqq. , ix. 230 ; ceremony of the, at rice-harvest among the Garos, V1U- 337 SQQ' I sacrifice of, in Vedic times, ix. 122 «. ; beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371, 407 #.2; beloved by Semiramis, ix. 407 «.2; witch in the shape of a, x. 319. See also Horses
, black, in rain-charm, i. 290
or mare, last sheaf given to, vii.
141, 156, 158, 160, 161, 162, 294; corn spirit as, vii. 202 sqq.
, red, sacrificed as a purification of
the land, ix. 213
, sacred, in Celebes, i. 364 ; sacrificed
at Rome in October, ii. 229, 326
and Virbius, viii. 40 sqq.
, the White, effigy carried through
Midsummer fire, x. 203 sq. Horse-chestnut, mistletoe on, xi. 315 Horse-headed Demeter of Phigalia, viii. 21, 338
-mackerel, descent of a totemic
clan from a, iv. 129
-race of boys at Lhasa, ix. 221 «.*
races, at Whitsuntide in Germany,
ii. 69 ; in honour of the dead, iv. 97, 98, 99, lor, 103 ; at fairs, iv. 99 sqq. ; at Eleusis, vii. 71 ; at harvest, vii. 76, viii. 114
sacrifice in ancient India, xi. 80 ».*
shoes a protection against witches,
ix. 162 Horse's flesh taboped, among Zulus, i. 118
Fount at Troezen, i. 26, 27
head, in Roman sacrifice, viii. 42 ;
used to protect garden from cater- pillars, viii. 43 w.1 ; in effigy at harvest festival, viii. 43 *.*, 337 sq. \ thrown into Midsummer fire, xi. 40
tail cut off in sacrifice, viii. 42, 43
Horseman, charm to make a good, i. 152 Horses, Hippolytus killed by, i. 19 sq. , iv. 214 ; excluded from Arician grove, i. 20, viii. 40 sqq. ; dedicated by Hippo- lytus to Aesculapius, i. 21 ».2, 27 ; branded with mark of wolf, i. 27 ; in relation to Diomede, i. 27 ; sacrifice
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of white, i. 27 ; sacrificed to the sun, i. 315 sq. ; Lycurgus, king of the Edonians, torn to pieces by, i. 366, vi. 98, vii. 24 ; sacrificed to trees, ii. 1 6 ; sacrificed to rivers, ii. 16 sq. ; sacrificed to water -spirits, ii. 157 ; sanctity of white, ii. 174 «.2 ; sacri- fices for, on St. George's Day, ii. 332, 336 sq. \ sacrificed and hung on trees of sacred grove, ii. 365 ; left undipped for a year after a king's consecration, iii. 260 ; not to be called by their proper names, iii. 408, 413 ; sacrificed for the use of the dead, v. 293^. ; excluded from sanctuaries vhi. 45 sq. ; used by sacred persons, x. 4 n.1 ; not to be touched or ridden by j menstruous women, x. 88 sg. , 96; driven through the need- fire, x. 276, 297. See also Horse
Korus, the eye of, i. 364, vi. 17, 121 with «.8, viii. 30 ; the soul of, in Orion, iv. 5 ; the four sons of, in the likeness of hawks, vi. 22 ; decapitates his mother Isis, vi. 88 ; represented sacrificing a human victim to Osiris, vii. 260 ; his eye injured by Typhon, viii. 30; insti- tutes the sacrifice of a pig, viii. 30 ; the birth of, ix. 341
of Edfu identified with the sun, vi.
123
the elder, vi. 6
— — , the golden, i. 418
— the younger, son of Isis and the dead Osiris, vi. 8, 15 ; accused by Set of being a bastard, vi. 17 ; his combat with Set, vi. 17 ; his eye destroyed by Set and restore;! by Thoth, vi. 17 ; reigns over the Delta, vi. 17
Hos of Bengal offer first-fruits of rice to the sun-god, viii. 117; their annual expulsion of demons at harvest, ix. 136 sq.
of Togoland (West Africa), a tribe
of Ewe negroes, their customs as to twins, i. 265 ; sanctity of the king's throne among the, i. 365 ; their human gods, i. 396 sq. ; their ceremony at felling a palm for wine, ii. 19 ; their god and goddess of lightning, ii. 370 ; their priests with unshorn hair, iii. 259 ; their magical use of knots to facilitate childbirth, iii. 295 sq. ; their use of knots in cursing, iii. 301 sq. ; tie strings round the sick as a cure, iii. 304 ; their comparison of maize to a mother, vii. 130 ; their miniature gardens dedicated to "guardian gods," vii. 234; their festival of the new yams, viii. 58 sqq. ; their offerings of new yams, viii. 115 sq. ; their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 134 sqq., 206 sq. ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 8 a
Hose, Dr. Charles, on ceremony of adop- tion in Sarawak, i. 75 n.1 ; on creep- ing through a cleft stick after a funeral, xi. 175 sq.
, Dr. Charles and W. McDougall,
on head-hunting in Borneo, v. 295 n.1 ', on the ngarong or secret helper of the Ibans, xi. 224 n.1
Hosea on religious prostitution, v. 58 ; on the Baalim, v. 75 n. ; on the prophet as a madman, v. 77
Hoshangabad, in Central India, custom as to the last corn cut at, vii. 222
Hospitality, bonds of, strengthened through superstition, iii. 130
Hosskirch, in Swabia, mode of predicting the weather for the year at, ix. 323
Hostages, clipped hair used as, iii. 272^.
Hostility of religion to magic in history, i. 226
Hot springs resorted to by women in order to obtain offspring, ii. 161 ; worship of, v. 206 sqq. ; Hercules the patron of, v. 209 sqq. ; resorted to by childless women in Syria, v. 213 sqq.
water drunk as a charm, i. 129
Hother, Hodr, or Hod, the blind god, and Balder, x. 101 sqq. , xi. 279 n.*
Hottentot charm to make the wind drop, i. 320
hunters, their contagious magic of
footprints, i. 212
prayers for cattle at cairns, ix.
29 sq.
priest never uses an iron knife, iii.
227
women, rules observed by, in the
absence of their husbands, i. 120 sq.
Hottentots, seclusion and purification of hunters among the, iii. 220 sq. ; the mortal god of the, iv. 3 ; their obser- vation of the Pleiades, vii. 316 sq. ; throw stones or sticks on the graves of Heitsi-eibib, ix. 16 ; drive their sheep through fire, xi. n sq.
Hounds protected against spirits of wild beasts killed in the chase, ii. 128. See also Dogs
House, taboos observed after building a new, ii. 40 ; ceremony at entering a new, iii. 63 sq. ; taboos on quitting the, iii. 122 sqq.', destroyed after a death, iii. 286
House-building, homoeopathic magic of woods used in, i. 146 ; custom as to shadows at, iii. 8x, 89 sq. ; continence observed at, iii. 202
-communities of the Servians, x.
259 «•'
timber, homoeopathic magic of,
i. 146 ; tree-spirits propitiated in, ii. 39^-
GENERAL INDEX
3*1
Housebreakers, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 sq.
Houses built with one story, reason for, iii. 253, 254 ; fumigated as a protec- tion against witches, ix. 158; protected by bonfires against lightning and con- flagration, x. 344 ; made fast against witches on Midsummer Kve, xi. 73
11 of the soul " in Isaiah, xi. 155 ».8
Housman, Professor A. E , on the feast of the Nativity of the Virgin, x. 220 sq.
Houstry, in Caithness, need-fire at, x. 291 sq.
Hovas, the, of Madagascar, divinity of kings among, i. 397; offer the first- fruits of the crop to the king, vui. 116
How, the civil king of Tonga, iii. 21
Howitt, A. W., as to extracted teeth of Australian aborigines, i. 176 ; on con- tagious magic of footprints in Australia, i. 207 sq. ; on Australian magic, iii. 269 ; on superstitions as to personal names amongtheAustralian aborigines, iii. 320 ; on Australian belief as to falling stars, iv. 64 ; on seclusion of menstruous women in Australia, x. 78; on killing a totem animal, xi. 220 «.2 ; on secrecy of totem names in Australia, xi. 225 n. ; on the drama of resurrection at initiation in Australia, xi. 235 sqg.
Howitt, Miss Mary E. B. , her Folklore and Lfgends of some Victorian Tribes,
XL 226 7Z.1
Howth, the western promontory of, Mid- summer fire on, x. 204
Howth Castle, life-tree of the St. Law- rence family at, xi, 166
Hoyerswerda, district of Silesia, the "Old Man" at threshing in, vii. 149; Wal- purgis bonfires to keep off witches in the, ix. 163
Hsa Mong Hkarn, a native state of Upper Burma, care for the butter- fly spirit of the rice in, vii. 190
Huaca, Peruvian word for god, ii. 146
Huahine, one of the Tahitian Islands, xi. ii «.8 ; offering of first-fruits in, viii. 132 sq.
Hubert, H., and M. Mauss, Messrs., on taboo as a negative magic, i. 1 1 1 «. 2
Huckle-bone of hare in cure, ix. 50 sq.
Huddler or Huttler, mummers at Carnival to promote the flax crop in the Tyrol, ix. 248
/fttt&/-running in the Tyrol, ix. 248
Hudson Bay, the Esquimaux of, iii. 207, 228, viii. 257; the Chippeways of, x. 90
Hughes, Miss E. P. , on the fire-walk in Japan, xi. 10 w.1
Huichol Indians of Mexico, their use of magical images, i. 71 ; taboos ob- served by them during the search for
the sacred cactus, i. 123 sq. ; their homoeopathic charm to ensure skill in weaving, i. 154 sq. ; their rain-making by carrying water, i. 302 ; their wor- ship of water, ii. 156 ; their chastity before hunting, iii. 197 ; personify maize as a little girl, vii. 177 ; their communion with a god by partaking of his effigy, viii. 93 ; their transfer- ence of fatigue to heaps of stones, ix. 10
Huichol superstition as to the growth of corn, ix. 347 «.3
Huilla, African kingdom, the king of, thought to make rain, i. 348
Huitzilopochtli, or Vitzilopochtli, a great Mexican god, viii. 95, ix. 300 ; dough image of him made and eaten sacra- mentally, viii. 86 sqq., 90 sq. ; young man sacrificed in the character of, ix. 280 sq. \ temple of, ix. 287, 290, 297; hall of, ix. 294
Huixtocihuatl, Mexican goddess of Salt, ix. 283 ; woman annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 283 sq.
Huligamma, Indian goddess, eunuchs dedicated to her, v. 271 «.
Human beings permanently possessed by deities, i. 386 sqq. ; torn to pieces in rites of Dionysus, vii. 24 ; burnt in the fires, xi. 21 sqq.
divinities put to death, x. i. sq.
flesh, transformation into animal
shape through eating, iv. 83 sq.
god and goddess ,> their enforced
union, ix. 386 sq.
gods, i. 373 sqq.t ii. 377 sqq. \
bound by many rules, iii. 419 sq.
immortality in relation to the im- mortality of animals, viii. 260 sqq.
Leopard Societies of West Africa,
iv. 83
representatives of Attis, v. 285 sqq. \
of gods sacrificed in Mexico, ix. 275 sqq.
sacrifice, substitutes for, iv. 124, 214
sqq. , v. 146 sq. , 285, 289, vi. 99, 221, vii. 33 sq. , 249 ; successive mitigations of, ix. 396 sg. , 408
sacrifices offered to man-gods, i. 386,
387 ; to trees, ii. 15, 17 ; offered on roofs of new houses, ii. 39 ; at founda- tion of buildings, iii. 90 sq. ; at the cutting of a chief's hair, iii. 264 ; at Upsala, iv. 58 ; to renew the sun's fire, iv. 74^. ; in ancient Greece, iv. 161 sqq. ; mock, iv. 214^.; offered by ancestors of the European races, iv. 214 ; in wor- ship of the moon, v. 73 ; to the Tauric Artemis, v. 115 ; to Diomede at Sala- mis, v. 145 ; offered at earthquakes, v. 201 ; offered at irrigation channels, vi. 38 ; of the kings of Ashantee and
312
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Dahomey, vi. 97 «.7 ; offered to Dionysus, vi. 98 sq. \ offered by the Mexicans for the maize, vi. 107 ; at the graves of the kings of Uganda, vi. 1 68 ; to dead kings, vi. 173 ; to dead chiefs, vi. 191 ; to prolong the life of kings, vi. 220 sq. , 223 sqq. \ for crops, vii. 236 sqq. ; offered by ancient Egyptians, vii. 259 sq. ; at festival of new yams in Ashantee, viii. 62, 63 ; in Mexico, viii. 88, ix. 275 sqq. ; at fire- festivals, ix. 300 sqq., x. 106 ; in con- nexion with Cronus, ix. 353 sq. ; their influence on cosmogonical theories, ix. 409 sqq. ; traces of, x. 146, 148, 150 sqq. , 1 86, xi. 31 ; offered by the .ancient Germans, xi. 28 n.1 \ among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32 sq. ; the victims in the Celtic sacrifices perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41 sqq. ; W. Mannhardt's theory of the Celtic sacri- fices, xi. 43. See also Human victims Human scapegoats, ix. 38 sqq., 194 sqq., 210 sqq. ; in ancient Rome, ix. 229 sqq. ; in classical antiquity, ix. 229 sqq. ;fc in ancient Greece, ix. 252 sqq. ; reason for beating the, ix. 256 sq.
- souls transmigrate into animals,
viii. 285 sqq.
victims sacrificed to water-spirits,
ii. 157 sqq. ; substitutes for, iv. 124, 214 sqq. , v. 146 sq. , 285, 289, vi. 99, 221, vii. 33 sq. , 249; thrown into volcanoes, v. 219 sq. ; uses made of their skins, v. 293 ; as representatives of the corn-spirit, vi. 97, 106 sq. ; killed with hoes, spades, and rakes, vi. 99 ».2 ; treated as divine, vii. 250 ; men clad in the skins of, ix. 265 sq. , 294 sq. , 296 sqq. ; sacrificed as representa- tives of gods, ix. 275 sqq. \ annually burnt, xi. 286 n.2
Humb^, African kingdom, the king of, thought to make rain, i. 348 ; incon- tinence of young people under puberty thought to entail the death of the king of, iii. 6 Humboldt, A. von, on the theocracy of
the Chibchas or Muyscas, i. 416 Humman or Hommon, national god of
the Elamites, ix. 366 Humphrey's Island. See Manahiki Hundred and eight girls and cows in
rain-making, i. 284 Hungarian story of the external soul,
xi. 140
Hungary, continence at sowing in, ii. 105; "Sawing the Old Woman" among the gypsies of, iv. 243 ; the harvest cock in, vii. 277 ; custom at threshing in, vii. 291 ; woman fertilized by being struck with certain sticks
in, ix. 264 ; Midsummer fires in, x 178 sq. Hungary, German, Whitsuntide Queen
in, ii. 87
Hunger the root of the worship of Adonis, v. 231 ; expulsion of, at Chaeronea, ix. 252
Hunt, Holman, his picture of the new fire at Jerusalem, x. 130 n.
Hunt, Robert, on burnt sacrifices in the West of England, x. 303
Hunter, the primitive, believes himself exposed to the vengeance of the ghosts of the animals which he has killed, viii. 208
Hunter River tribes of New South Wales, avoidance of the wife's mother among the, iii. 84
Hunters employ homoeopathic magic to ensure a catch, i. 109 sqq. ; homoeo- pathic taboos observed by hunters, their relations, and friends, i. no sq. , 113, 1145^. ; absent, thought to be affected by the conduct of their families at home, i. 120 sqq. ; absent, injured by the in- fidelity of wives at home, i. 123 ; employ contagious magic of footprints, i. 211 sq. ; chastity of, iii. 191 sqq. ; use knots as charms, iii. 306 ; words tabooed by, i"- 396, 398, 399. 400, 402, 404, 410 ; propitiation of wild animals by, viii. 204 sqq. ; of grisly bears, chastity observed by, viii. 226 ; exorcize the guardian spirits of wild animals, ix. 98 ; avoid girls at puberty, x. 44, 46 ; luck of, spoiled by menstruous women, x. 87, 89, 90, 91, 94
and fishers tabooed, iii. 190 sqq.
Huntin, a tree-god of the Ewe people of the Slave Coast, ii. 15
Hunting and fishing, homoeopathic magic in, i. 108 sqq. ; telepathy in, i. 120 sqq.
the wren, viii. 317 sqq.
Hunting dogs crowned at Diana's festival, i. 14, ii. 125, 126
stage of society, the, viii. 35, 37
Huntingdonshire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1
Huntsman, the Spectral, iv. 178
Huon Gulf in German New Guinea, the Bukaua of, vii. 103, xi. 239
Hupa Indians of California, seclusion of girls among the, x. 42
Hurling -matches for brides in Ireland, ii. 305 W
Huron, Lake, Ojibway Indians in a storm on, viii. 219
Hurons, reincarnation among the, i. 1 05, iv. 1995^.^.91; their burial of infants, i. 105, iv. 199, v. 91 ; their way of annulling an ominous dream, i. 172^. ; marry their fishing-nets to girls, ii. 147^. ; their con-
GENERAL INDEX
313
ception of the soul, iii. 27; their custom of reviving the dead by bestowing their names on the living, iii. 366 sq. ; their Festival of the Dead, iii. 367 ; their reason for not burning fish bones, viii. 250 ; preachers to the fish among the, viii. 250 sq. \ their way of expelling sickness, ix. 121 ; custom of their women at menstruation, x. 88 n.1 Husband, absent, thought to be injured by wife's infidelity, i. 123, 124 sq. ; charm to bring home a, i. 166. See also Husbands
and wife, the rice-spirit conceived
as, vii. 201 sqq. \ name given to two fire-sticks, viii. 65
Husband's ghost kept from his widow,
iii. 143 name not to be pronounced by his
wife, iii. 333, 335, 336, 337, 338, 339 Husbandman, the Roman, his prayers to
Mars, ix. 229 Husbands, spiritual, among the Akamba,
fertility of wives thought to depend on,
ii. 316 sq. , taboos observed by wives in the
absence of their, i. 116, 119, 120,
121, 122 sqq. , 127 sqq. \ not to pro
nounce the names of their wives, iii.
337. 338. 339
and wives, difference of language
between, iii. 347 sq.
Huskanaw, initiatory ceremony of the Virginian Indians, xi. 266
Huss, John, his participation in the Festival of Fools, ix. 336 n.1
Hut burnt at Midsummer, x. 215 sq. See also Huts
Hut-urns of ancient Latins, ii. 201 sq.
Hutchinson, W. , his History of North- umberland on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146 ; on Midsummer fires, x. 197 ».4
Huts, round, of the ancient Latins, ii. 200 sqq. ; round, in Africa, ii. 227 n.8 ; miniature, at foot of trees which are haunted by spirits of the dead, ii. 317 ; special, occupied by tabooed per- sons, iii. 142, 144, 156, 165, 166, 169, 171, 175, 179, 190, 199, 202, 207, 220, 221, 225 n. ; special, for men- struous women, iii. 146, x. 79, 82, 85 sqq. \ special, occupied by women in childbed, iii. 147, 148, 149 sq. , 150, 151 sq. ; miniature, for ghosts, viii. 113
HuttUr or Huddler in the Tyrol, ix. 248. See Huddler
Huzuls, the, of the Carpathians, hunter's wife forbidden to spin among, i. 113 ; their homoeopathic magic at planting and sowing, i. 137 ; their precaution against the evil eye, i. 280 ; their pre- cautions aga:nst witches on St. George's
VOL. XII
Eve, ii. 335 sq. ; their belief as to shorn hair, iii. 270 ; their use of wedding- rings as amulets, iii. 314 sq. ; will not call bears, wolves, and serpents by their proper names, iii. 397 sq. ; their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130 ; their cure for water-brash, vi. 149 sq. ; ascribe a special virtue to a horse's head, viii. 43 n,1 ; their respect for weasels, viii. 275 ; transfer cattle disease to black dog, ix. 32 sq. ; kindle new fire at Christmas, x. 264 ; gather simples on St. John's Night, xi. 49
Hyacinth, son of Amyclas, killed by Apollo, v. 313 ; his flower, v. 313 sq. ; his tomb and festival, v. 314 sq. ', an aboriginal deity, v. 315 sq. ; his sister Polyboea, v. 316 ; perhaps a deified king of Amyclae, v. 316 sq.
Hyacinthia, the festival of Hyacinth, v. 314 sq.
Hyacinthius, a Greek month, v. 315 n.
Hyaenas, their supposed power over men's shadows, in. 82 ; souls of the dead in, viii. 289 ; men turned into, x.
313 Hyampolis in Phocis, worship of Artemis
at, i. 7
Hybristica, an Argive festival, vi. 259 n.9 Hyes Attes, cry of the worshippers of
Attis, viii. 22
Hygieia, the goddess, v. 88 n.1 Hyginus, on the death of Semiramis, ix.
407 «.a Hylae, near Magnesia, image of Apollo
in sacred cave at, i. 386 Hymettus, Mount, altar of Showery Zeus
on, ii. 360 Hymn of the Arval Brothers, ix. 230 «.*,
238 ; of the Cora Indians at sowing,
ix. 238 Hymn to Demeter, Homeric, vii. 35 sqq.t
70 Hymns to the deified Demetrius Polior-
cetes, i. 390 sq. ; to Parjanya, ii. 368
sq. ; to Tarn muz, v. 9 ; to the sun- god, vi. 123 sq. Hyperboreans, offerings of the, at Delos,
i- 33 Hypericum perforatum, St. John's wort,
gathered at Midsummer, xi. 54 sqq.
See also St. John's Wort Hyperoche, a Hyperborean maiden, i
34 n.
Hyphear, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318 Hyria in Cilicia, Megassares king of, v. 41 Hyrrockin, a giantess in the legend ot
Balder, x. 102 Hysteria cured by beating, ix, 260
lalysus in Rhodes, taboos observed at the sanctuary of Alectrona at, viii. 45
3*4
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
lasion and Demeter, vii. 208
Ibadan in West Africa, the hearts of dead kings of, eaten by their suc- cessors, iv. 203
Ibani of the Niger delta, their sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, vi. 222
Ibans of Borneo, their ngarong or secret helper, xi. 224 n.1
or Sea Dyaks of Borneo, their wor- ship of serpents, v. 83 ; of Sarawak, their ways of getting rid of birds or vermin, viii. 279. See Sea Dyaks
Iberians of Spain, women tilled the ground among the, vii. 129
Ibn Batutah, Arab traveller, on a custom observed in the Maldive Islands, ii. I53» *54 I °n hereditary custom of suicide in Java, iii. 53 sq. ; on funeral of emperor of China, v. 293 sq.
Ibos of the lower Niger, their mainten- ance of fire, ii. 259 ; think that a manslayer must taste his victim's blood, viii. 155 ; their belief in exter- nal human souls lodged in animals, xi. 203 sq.
Ibrahim Pasha, at Jerusalem, x. 129
Ibreez in Southern Cappadocia, v. 119 sqq. \ village of, v. 120 sq. ; Hittite sculptures at, v. 121 sqq.
, the god of, v. iiqsqq. ; his horned
cap, v. 164
Icarus or Icarius, father of Penelope, ii. 300
•— and his daughter Erigone, iv. 281 sq. ; first-fruits of vintage offered to, iv. 283, viii. 133
Iceland, beliefs as to cauls in, i. 199 sq. ; Brunhild, Queen of, ii. 306 sq. ; stories of the external soul in, xi. 123 sqq.
Ichneumon, transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299
Ichneumons worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 sq.
Icolmkill, the hill of the fires in, x. 149
Ida, oracular cave of Zeus on Mount, iv. 70
Ida Batara, a god (Vishnu), vii. 202
Idah orlddah, on the lower Niger, divinity claimed by the king of, i. 396 ; custom as to royal family at, ii. 294 ; treat- ment of dead leopard at, viii. 228
Idalium in Cyprus, Pygmalion, king of, v. 50 ; bilingual inscription of, v. 49 «.7; Melcarth worshipped at, v. 117
Ideals of humanity, two different, the heroic and the saintly, v. 300 ; great religious, a product of the male imagination, vi. 211
Ideler, L. , on the date of the introduc- tion of the fixed Alexandrian year, vi. 28 n.1 ; on the Sothic period, vi. 37 ». ;
on the quadriennial and biennial fes- tivals, vii. 86 ; on the Arab year before Mohammed, x. 217 n.1
Identification with an animal as a homoeo- pathic charm, i. 155 sq. ; of woman with corn, vii. 149 sq. ; of persons with corn, vii. 252; of girl with Maize Goddess, ix. 295
Ides of August, Diana's day, i. 12 «.2
Idhlozi, ancestral spirit in serpent form among the Zulus, xi. 211
Idolatry of the Hebrews, iv. 168 sqq.
Idols, nails knocked into, ix. 69 sq.
Ife, in West Africa, the king of, sacrifices to his crown, i. 365
Igague, Lakeof, in New Granada, mythical serpents in, ii. 156
Igaras of the Niger, succession to the kingship among the, ii. 294 ; theii propitiation of dead leopards, viii. 228
Igbiras, the, of the Niger, their offering* of first-fruits to the dead, viii. 115
Igbodu, a sacred oracular grove of ths Yourbas, ix. 212 n.1
Igliwa, a Berber people of the Atlas, their tug-of-war, ix. 178
Iglulik, Esquimaux of, i. 121, 316, x. 134
Ignorance of paternity, primitive, v. 106 sq.
Ignorrotes of Lepanto, in the Philippines their sacred trees, ii. 30
Igorrots of the Philippines believe thai the souls of the dead are in eels, viii. 292
Ihering, R. von, as to the "sacred spring" of the ancient Italians, iv. 187 «.4
Ijebu tribe of Southern Nigeria, iv. 112
II Mayek clan of the Njamus, then supposed power over irrigation watei and the crops, vi. 39
Ilamatecutli, Mexican goddess, ix. 287
woman sacrificed in the character of,
ix. 287 sq. Ilex or holm-oak, iv. 81 sq. See Holm
oak Ilium, animals sacrificed by hanging at
v. 292
III Luck embodied in an ascetic, ix. 41 the casting away of, ix. 144
Illi, river in China, i. 298
Illicit love supposed to blight the fruits o
the earth, ii. 107 sqq. Illumination, nocturnal, at festival o Osiris, vi. 50 sq. ; of graves on Al Souls' Day, vi. 72 sq. , 74 Illyria, the Encheleans of, iv. 84 Ilmenau, witches burnt at, x. 6 Ilocans or Ilocanes of Luzon, theii homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 142 their custom as to children's cast teeth, i. 179 ; their fear of tree-spirits, ii. 18 their recall of the soul, iii. 44
GENERAL INDEX
Ilpirra of Central Australia, their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99
Iluvans of Malabar, marriage custom of the, x. 5
Irn Thuru, Sir E. F. , on the secrecy of personal names among the Indians of Guiana, iii. 324 sq. ; on the belief in spirits among the Indians of Guiana, ix. 78
Image of god made of dough and eaten sacramen tally, viii. 86 sqq. , 90 sq. , 93 sq. ; carried through fire, xi. 4 ; reason for carrying over a fire, xi. 24
of snake carried about, viii. 316 sq.
Images, Hebrew prohibition of, i. 87 n.1 ; of saints dipped in water as a rain- charm, i. 307 ; used in recovery of lost souls, iii. 55, 59 ; of gods masked and veiled during the king's sickness, iii. 95 «.8 ; made to represent dead chiefs and supposed to be animated by their souls, iv. 199 ; of Osiris made of vege- table mould, vi. 85, 87, 90 sq. , 91 ; of
• ancestors, viii. 53 ; of animals sacri- ficed instead of the animals, viii. 95 ».2 ; vicarious use of, viii. 96 sgq. ; spirits of ancestors take up their abode in, viii. 123 ; of gods, suggested origin of, viii. 173 sq. ; of vermin made as a protection against them, viii. 280 sq. • stuck with nails, ix. 70 n.1 ; demons conjured into, ix. 171, 172, 173, 203 ; colossal, filled with human victims and burnt, xi. 32 sq. See also Effigies, Idols, Puppets
magical, to injure people, i. 55 sqq. ;
to procure offspring, i. 70-74 ; to win love, i. 77
Imagination, death from, iii. 135 sqq.
Imerina, in Madagascar, taboo on name of crocodile in, iii. 378
Imitation the basis of homoeopathic magic, i. 52
, magical, of rain, i. 248 sqq. ;
of thunder and lightning in rain- making ceremonies, i. 248, 258, 309 sq. ', of clouds in rain-making, i. 249, 256, 262, 275 ; of ducks and frogs in rain -making, i. 255; of rainbow in rain-charm, i. 288 ; of spirits by maskers in Borneo, vii. 186
Imitative or homoeopathic magic, i. 52 sqq., iii. 295, vii. 262, viii. 267, 331, 334, ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 329, xi. 231
Immestar in Syria, alleged Jewish mockery of Christ at, ix. 394
Immortality attained by sacrifice, i. 373 n'1 '• belief of savages in their natural, iv. i ; firm belief of the North American Indians in, iv. 137 ; Egyptian hope of, centred in Osiris,
vi. 15 sq., go sq., 114, 159 ; hope of, associated with Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 90 sq. ; human, in relation to the immortality of animals, viii. 260 sqq. ; how men lost the boon of, ix. 302 sqq. ; the burdensome gift of, x. 99 sq.
Immortality of animals, savage faith in the, viii. 260 sqq.
of the soul revealed in mysteries
of Dionysus, vii. 15 ; attempted ex- perimental demonstration of the, xi. 276
Immortelles, wreaths of, on Midsummer Day, x. 177
Immutability of natural laws, i. 224
Impalement inflicted by the Assyrians, iv. 114 n.1 ; as form of sacrifice, vii. 239
Impatient sp., touch-me-not, bundle of, representative of the Indian goddess Gauri, ii. 77
Impersonal forces, idea of the world as a system of, not primitive, i. 374
Implements, magical, not allowed to touch the ground, x. 14 sq.
Impotence caused by magic of the dead, i. 150; homoeopathic cure of, i. 158^.
Impregnation by the souls of the dying iv. 199 ; without sexual intercourse belief in, v. 96 sqq.
of Isis by the dead Osiris, vi. 8, 20
" rite" at Hindoo marriages, x. 75
of women by fire, ii. 195 sqq. , 230
sqq. , 234, vi. 235 ; by serpents, v. 80 sqq.', by the dead, v. 91 ; by ghosts, v. 93, ix. 1 8 ; by the flower of the banana, v. 93; through eating food, v. 96, 102, 103, 104, 105 ; by the sun, x. 74 sq. ; by the moon, x. 75 sq. See also Conception
Impressions effaced from superstitious motives, i. 213^.; on the senses re- garded by savages as the work of spirits, ix. 72
, bodily, contagious magic of, i. 213
sq.
Impurity of manslayers, iii. 167. See Uncleanness
Inachi, an offering of first-fruits, in Tonga, viii. 128, 131
Inanimate things, homoeopathic magic of, i. 157 sqq. \ transference of evil to, ix. i sqq.
Inao, sacred whittled sticks of the Aino, viii. 185, 186 «., 189, ix. 261
Inari, Japanese rice-god, vii. 297
Inauguration of a king in ancient India, ix. 263 ; in Brahmanic ritual, x. 4
Inca, fast of the future, x. 19
Incantation recited at kindling need-fire, x. 290
Incantations for growth of crops, vii. 100 ; employed in arts and crafts, ix. 8x. See Spells
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Incarnate human gods, i. 373 sqq. , ii. 377 sqq.
Incarnation of gods in human form temporary or permanent, i. 376 ; ex- amples of temporary incarnation, i. 376 sqq. ; examples of permanent in- carnation, i. 386 sqq. ; mystery of, i. 396 «. 8 ; of divine spirit in Shilluk kings, iv. 21, 26 sq.
Incarnations of Buddha in the Grand Lamas, i. 410 sq.
Incas of Peru, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 196 ; claim kindred with the sun, i. 313 n.3 ; the children of the Sun, i. 415, ii. 243, iii. 279 ; venerated the Pleiades, vii. 310 ; their annual expulsion of evils, ix. 128 sqq. ; their ceremony of the new fire, x. 132
Incense, fumes of, inhaled to produce inspiration, i. 379, 384 ; offered to sacred oak, ii. 16 ; fumigation with, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 336 ; used in exorcism, iii. 102 ; burnt at the rites of Adonis, v. 228 ; burnt in honour of the Queen of Heaven, v. 228 ; collected by a flail, vi. 109 n.1 ; burnt as a protection against witches, ix.
i58. I59
Incense- gatherers, chastity of, ii. 106 sq.
tree thought to be protected by a
spirit, ii. 112
Incest, blighting effects attributed to, ii. 108, no sq., 113, 115 sqq. ; ex- piation for, ii. no sq. , 115, 116, 129 ; punished with death, ii. no sq. ; of domestic animals abhorred by the Basoga, ii. 112 sq. ; of animals em- ployed as a ram-charm, ii. 113 ; with a daughter in royal families, reported cases of, v. 43 sq.
Incisions made in bodies of warriors as a preparation for war, iii. 161 ; in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180 ; in bodies of slain, iii. 176. See also Cuts, Scarification
Inconsistency of common thought, v. 4
and vagueness of primitive thought,
xi. 301 sq.
Incontinence of young people supposed to be fatal to the king, in. 6
Increase of the moon the time for increasing money, vi. 148 sq.
Indecencies in the Eleusinian mysteries, the Festival of the Threshing-floor, and the Thesmophoria, vii. 62 sq.
Indem tribe, on the Cross River, believe that the souls of the dead pass into trees, ii. 32
" Index of Superstitions," x. 270
India, use of magical images in modern, i. 64 sq. ; treatment of the placenta in, i. 194 ; contagious magic of footprints
in, i. 209 ; ascendency of sorcerers over gods in modern, i. 225 ; ram- charm in, i. 282 ; rain -charms by means of frogs in, i. 293 sqq. ; whirl- winds regarded as bhuts in, i. 331 «.2; incarnate human gods in, i. 376, 402 sqq. ; human gods of humble origin in, i. 376 ; marriages of trees and shrubs in, ii. 25 sq. ; marriage of human beings to trees in, ii. 57 ; unlucky marriages in, ii. 57 «.4 ; cer- tain wells thought to cure sterility of women in, ii. 160 ; gold and silver as totems in, iii. 227 n. ; iron as an amu- let in, iii. 235 sq. \ rings as amulets in, iii. 315 ; names of animals tabooed in, iii. 401 sqq. ; belief and custom as to meteors in, iv. 63 ; natives of, com- paratively indifferent to death, iv. 136; sacrifice of first-born children in, iv. 1 80 sq. ; images of Siva and Parvatl married in, iv. 265 sq. ; hook-swinging in, iv. 278 sq. ; swinging as a religious or magical rite in, iv. 278 sqq. ; sacred women (dancing-girls) in, v. 61 sqq. ; impregnation of women by stone ser- pents in, v. 8 1 sq. ; burial of infants in, v. 93 sq. ; gardens of Adonis in, v. 239 sqq. \ eunuchs dedicated to a goddess in, v. 271 n. ; drinking moon- light as a medicine in, vi. 142 ; the last sheaf of corn at harvest in, vii. 222, 234 rc.2 ; human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 243 sqq. ; ceremonies at eating the new rice in, viii. 55 sq. ; offerings of first-fruits in, viii. n6sqq. ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; fear of demons in, ix. 89 sqq. \ the use of animals as scapegoats in, ix. 190 sqq. ; epidemics sent away in toy chariots in, ix. 193^. ; origin of the drama in, ix. 384 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 68 sqq. ; fire-festivals in, xi. i sqq. ; sixty years' cycle in, xi. 77 n.1 ; torture of suspected witches in, xi. 159 ; Loranthus in, xi. 317 India, ancient, ceremony performed by persons supposed to have been dead in, i. 75 ; the magical nature of ritual in, i. 228 ; rain-charms in, i. 289, 290 ; fighting the wind in, i. 328 ; magical power of kings in, i. 366 ; maxim not to look at one's reflection in water in, iii. 94 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 129 ; sacri- ficial victims strangled in, iii. 247 ; new king not allowed to shave his hair for a year in, iii. 260 ; mourners cut their hair and nails in, iii. 285 ; knots loosed at childbirth in, iii. 294 ; doc- trine of the transmigration of human
GENERAL INDEX
3*7
souls into animals in, viii. 298 sg. \ king beaten at his inauguration in, ix. 263 ; the Twelve Days in, ix. 324 sg. ; the horse-sacrifice in, xi. 80 n.8\ tradi- tional cure of skin disease in, xi. 192
India, the Central Provinces of, sacred trees in, ii. 43 ; belief as to man's shadow in the, iii. 82 sg. ; peacock worshipped among the Bhils of, viii. 29 ; transference of sickness among the Korkus of, ix. 7 ; expulsion of disease in the, ix. 190
, the North- Western Provinces of,
belief as to shadow of goat-sucker in, iii. 82 ; harvest custom in, vii. 222 sg. ; arrest and imprisonment of deities in, ix. 6 1 ; the tug-of-war in, ix. 181
, Northern, coco-nuts sacred in, ii.
51 ; the emblica officinalis sacred in, ii- 5* J eyes of owl eaten in, viii. 144 sg. ; Dravidian tribes of, ix. 259
, South- Eastern, the Lhoosai of, ii.
48, vn. 122
, Southern, the Kapu of, i. 284 n. ; the Malas of, i. 294, viii. 93 ; inspired devil - dancers in, i. 382; the Kuruvikkarans of, i. 382 ; the Vellalas of, ii. 57 n.* ; the Todas of, iii. 15, 271 ; the Adivi or forest Gollas of, iii. 149 ; the Maravars of, iii. 234; names of relations tabooed in, iii. 338; the Canarese of, iii. 402 ; kings for- merly killed after a twelve years' reign in, iv. $6sqq.\ law of retaliation among a robber caste of, iv. 141 sg. ; the Malayans of, iv. 216 ; sacrifice of finger-joints in, iv. 219 ; the Coorgs of, viii. 55
— — , Upper, transference of smallpox in, ix. 6
, Vedic, consecration of the sacrificer
of soma in, hi. 159 n.
Indian Archipelago, division of agricul- tural work between men and women in the, vii. 124 ; head-hunting in the, vii. 256 ; kinship of men with croco- diles in the, viii. 212 ; expulsion of diseases in the, ix. 199 ; birth-custom in the, xi. 155
ceremonies analogous to the rites
of Adonis, v. 227
legend parallel to Balder myth,
xi. 280
prophet, his objections to agri- culture, v. 88 sg.
rain-charm by means of an otter, i.
289
ritual, ancient, at felling a tree, ii. 20
stories of the transference of human
souls, iii. 49 — tribes of North- Western America,
their masked dances, ix. 375 sqq.
Indians of Arizona, mock human sacrifice among the, iv. 215
of Brazil, their attention to the moon
more than to the sun, vi. 138 n. See also Brazil
of British Columbia, their cannibal
orgies, vii. 18 sg. See also Columbia, British
of California, their annual festivals
of the dead, vi. 52 sg. See also Cali- fornia and Californian Indians
of Canada, their ceremony of miti- gating the cold of winter, iv. 259 sq.
of Costa Rica, their customs in
fasts, x. 20
of Granada seclude their future
rulers, x. 19
of North America, their customs on
the war-path, iii. 158 sgg. ; their fear of naming the dead, iii. 351 sqq. ; effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 254, 255 sq. ; not allowed to sit on bare ground in war, x. 5 ; seclusion of girls among the, x. 41 sqq. ; imitate lightning by torches, x. 340 n.1 ; rites of initiation into religious associations among the, xi. 267 sqq. See also North American Indians
of San Juan Capistrano, vii. 125 ;
their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 142 ; sacrifice the great buzzard, viii. 169 sqq. ; their ordeal by stings of ants, x. 64
of South America, women's agri- cultural work among the, vii. 119 sgg. ; mutual scourgings among the, ix. 262. See also South American Indians
of tropical America represent the
rain-god weeping, vi. 33 n.B
of the Ucayali River in Peru, their
greeting to the new moon, vi. 142. See also America and American Indians
Indifference to death displayed by many races, iv. 136 sqq.
to paternity of kings under female
kinship, ii. 274 sqq.
Indo-China, conventional names for com- mon objects on certain occasions in, iii. 404, 404 n.3 ; the Thay of, viii. 121 ; worship of spirits in, ix. 97 sg.
Indonesian ideas of rice-soul, vii. iSisg ; treatment of the growing rice as a breeding woman, vii. 183 sq.
Indra, great Indian god, viii. 120; thunder- bolt of, i. 269 ; figure of, painted in cere- mony for stopping rain, i. 296 ; father of Gandharva-Sena, iv. 124; sacrificial cake of first-fruits offered to, viii. 120 ; creation of, ix. 410
and Apala, in the Rigveda, xi. 192
and the demon Namuci, Indian
legend of, xi. 280
and the dragon Vrtra, iv. 106 sq.
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Indrapoera, the rajah of, related to cro- codiles, viii. 211 Indrapoora, story of the daughter of a
merchant of, xi. 147 Industrial evolution from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421
progress essential to intellectual
progress, i. 218 Inersdorf, in Upper Bavaria, the Goat at
threshing at, vn. 287 Infant, children whipt at death of an,
ix. 261 sq.
Infant sons of kings placed by goddesses on fire, v. 180. See also Infants, Child, and Children
Infanticide among the Australian abori- gines, iv. i87«.B; sometimes suggested by a doctrine of transmigration or re- incarnation of human souls, iv. 188 sq. ; prevalent in Polynesia, iv. 191, 196 ; among savages, iv. 196 sq. Infants, burial of, so as to ensure their rebirth, i. 103 sgq. , iv. 199, v. 91, 93 sqq. ; at Gezer, v. 108 sq. ; burial of murdered, in the room where they were born, ix. 45
exposed to the attacks of demons,
i". 235. 323
tabooed, lii. 255, x. 5, 20
Infection, supposed dangerous, of lying- in women, iii. 147 sqq., 150 sqq.
of death, i. 143
of feminine weakness, iii. 202 sq. ;
dreaded by savages, iii. 164 sq. Infectiousness of personal acts or states on principles of homoeopathic magic, i. 142^., 147
Infertility, evil spirits of, ix. 250 Infidelity of wife thought to injure absent husband, i. 123, 124 sq.t 128, 131, iii. 197
Influence of the sexes on vegetation, ii.
97 sqq. ; of great men on the popular
imagination, vi. 199 ; of mother-kin
on religion, vi. 202 sqq.
Influenza expelled by scapegoat, ix. 191,
193
Ingarda tribe of West Australia, their
belief as to the birth of children, v. 104
Ingiald, son of King Aunund, ate wolf's
heart, viii. 146
Ingleborough in Yorkshire, underground streams near, v. 152 ; the need -fire near, x. 288 Ingleton in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x.
288 Ingniet or Ingiet, a secret society of New
Britain, xi. 156 Inhaling smoke as means of inspiration,
i- 383
Inheritance of property under mother- kin, rules of, vi. 203 ».1
Inishmurray, perpetual fire in the monas- tery of, ii. 241 sq.
Initiation, teeth knocked out at, in Aus- tralia, i. 176 ; custom of covering the mouth after, iii. 122 ; taboos observed by novices at, iii. 141 sq., 156 sq. ; new names given at, iii. 320, 383 ; in the Eleusinian mysteries associated with the hope of immortality, vii. 90 sq. ; by spirits, ix. 375 ; at puberty, pretence of killing the novice and bringing him to life again during, xi. 225 sqq. ; of young men, bull-roarers sounded at the, xi. 227 sqq., 233 sqq. See also Initiatory Ceremonies
in Africa, xi. 251 sqq.
in Australia, xi. 227, 233 sq. , of
a medicine-man in Australia, xi. 237 sqq.
in Ceram, xi. 249 sqq.
in Fiji, xi. 243 sqq. ; apparently
intended to introduce the novices to the worshipful spirits of the dead, xi. 246
in German New Guinea, xi. 193
in Halmahera, xi. 248
in New Britain, xi. 246 sq.
in New Guinea, xi. 239 sqq.
in North America, xi. 266 sqq.
in Rook, xi. 246
Initiatory ceremonies of Central Aus- tralian aborigines, i. 92 sqq. ; of the Australian aborigines perhaps intended to ensure reincarnation after death, i. 101, 106
rite, gashes cut in back of novice,
vii. 106
Injibandi tribe of West Australia, their belief as to the birth of children, v.
Injury to a man's shadow conceived as an injury to the man, iii. 78 sqq.
Inn, the lower valley of the river, the "Grass-ringers" in, ix. 247; effigies burnt at Midsummer in, x. 172 sq.
Innerste river of Central Germany, x. 124
Inning Goose, name for the harvest- supper, vii. 277 n.9
Innocents, Bishop of, in France, ix. 334 ; Festival of the, ix. 336 sqq.
Innocents' Day, young people beat each other on, ix. 270, 271 ; mock pope or bishop on, ix. 336, 337, 338
Innovations, the savage distrust of, iii. 230 sqq.
Innuits (Esquimaux), their belief as to venison and walrus, x. 13 sq. See Esquimaux
Ino and Melicertes, iv. 161, 162
Inoculation as a mode of exorcizing demons and ghosts, iii. 106 sq. ; with moral and other virtues, viii. 158 sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
3*9
Inquisition, the, i. 407 ; commits the
Brethren of the Free Spirit to the
flames, i. 408 sq. Insanity, supposed cause of, iii. 83 ;
burying in an ant-hill as a cure for,
x. 64 Inscription, in Etruscan letters, ii. 186 ;
in Phoenician and Greek, at Malta, v.
16 ; bilingual, in Hittite and cuneiform, on a seal, v. 145 n.2
, Greek, in sanctuary of the Mistress
at Lycosura, iii. 227 «., 314 n.8 ; of Aurelia Aemilia at Tralles, v. 38 ; at Paphos relating to Paphian Aphrodite, v. 43 n.1', relating to Olbian Zeus, v. 159 ; relating to Megarsian Athena, v. 169 n.3 ; relating to first-fruits at Eleusis, vii. 55 sq. ; great Eleusinian, of 329 B.C., vii. 61 #.4; relating to worship of Zeus at Magnesia, viii. 7
, the Moabite stone, v. 15 «.3, 20
«.a, 163 n.*
of Nebuchadnezzar, ix. 357 «.*
, Palmyrene, v. 162 n.2
, Phoenician, of King Yehaw-melech,
v. 14 ; of King Panammu, v. 16 n.1 ; of King Un-milk or Adon-milk, v.
17 a.1
, the Rosetta stone, vi. 27, 151 n.s
Inscriptions, Arabic, found in Sheba, iii. 125 n.
.Assyrian, relating to King Shamash-
shumukin, v. 174 n.1 ; relating to Queen Shammuramat, v. 177 n.1, ix. 370 n.1
, Attic (Athenian), relating to the
Eleusinian games, vii. 71, 71 «.fi, 79 «.a
, Egyptian, treaty with Hittites, v.
136 ; Pyramid Texts, vi. 4
, Elamite, ix. 367
.Greek, relating to Zeus at Panamara
in Caria, i. 29 ; relating to kings of Mytilene, i. 45 «.4 ; relating to kings of Paphos, v. 42 ».6 ; at Olba with names of Teucer, v. 144 «.*, 151 ; re- lating to Corycian Zeus, v. 155 ; relating to Kanyteldeis, v. 158 ; re- lating to Hieropolis-Castabala, v. 168 n. l ; at Mantinea, relating to Demeter and Persephone, vii. 46 #.a; relating to festivals at Eleusis, vii. 51, 51 n.1, 52, 61, 63 «.2, 72 n.
, Hittite, v. 134, 135 «., 136, 185 n.8
, Latin, at Nemi and Aricia, i. 4 «.,
19 ».a; relating to Flamens, i. 20 «.8; relating to Kings of the Sacred Rites, i. 44 n.1; relating to fid 'ores Vestalium and fictores Pontificum, i. 204 ; re- lating to Dianus, i. 381 ».' ; relating to Jupiter Dolichenus, v. 136 «.a ; re- lating to Dendrophori, v. 266 w.J ;
relating to the taurobolium or polium, v. 275 sq. , 275 n.1 ; relating to the paternity of Jupiter, vi. 234
Insects, spirits of the dead thought to lodge in, i. 105, v. 95 sq. , vi. 162, viii. 290; homoeopathic magic of, i. 152; charms to protect the fields against, viii. 275 sq.t 279 sq, , 281 ; transmi- gration of sinners into, viii. 299
Insensibility to pain as a sign of inspira- tion, v. 169 sq.
Inspiration, i. 376 sqq. ; shiverings and shakings as signs of, i. 377 ; produced by intoxication, i. 378 ; by_ incense, i. 379 ; by blood, i. 381 sqq. ; by sacred plant or tree, i. 383 sqq. ; by smoke, i. 383 sq. ; by snuffing up the savour of sacrifice, i. 383 «.8; of victims, i. 384 sqq. ; primitive theory of, iii. 248 ; insensibility to pain as sign of, v. 169 sq. ; savage theory of, v. 299
, prophetic, through the spirits ot
dead kings and chiefs, iv. 201, vi. 171, 172, 192 sq. ; under the influence of music, v. 52 sq., 54 sq., 74
Inspired or religious type of man-god, i. 244
men, in China, ix. 117 ; walk
through fire unharmed, xi. 5 sq.
men and women in the Pelew
Islands, vi. 207 sq.
priests and priestesses, i. 377 sqq.
Insulation of women at menstruation, x.
97
Intellectual progress dependent on eco- nomic progress, i. 218 *
Intercalary month in the Celtic calendar of Gaul, ix. 342 sqq.
periods, customs and superstitions
attaching to, ix. 328 sq. ; deemed un- lucky, ix. 339 sqq.
periods of five days, ix. 339 sqq.t
407 n.1
Intercalation introduced to correct the vague Egyptian year, vi. 26, 27, 28, ix. 340 sq. ; in the ancient Mexican calendar, vi. 28 «.8, ix. 339 sq. ; in Greek calendar, vii. 81, 83 ; rudiment- ary, to equate lunar and solar years, ix. 325 sqq.
Intercourse of the sexes practised to make the crops and fruits grow, ii. 98 sqq. \ with wives enjoined before war, iii. 164 n.1} enjoined on manslayers, iii. 176 ; between husbands and wives enjoined on various occasions among Bantu tribes, viii. 70 n.1 See also Continence
Interlunar day, celebration of Sacred Marriages on the, iv. 73
Interpretation of the fire-festivals, x. 328 sqq., xi. l.$sqq.
320
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Interregnum on intercalary days, ix. 328^.
Interrex, n. 296
Intervals of time, Greek and Latin modes of reckoning, iv. 59 w.1
Intichiuma, magical totemic ceremonies in Central Australia, i. 85, viii. 165 «.2
Intoxicating liquors drunk to produce inspiration, i. 378
Intoxication accounted inspiration, iii. 248, 249, 250
Inua, a person's shade, among the Esqui- maux, iii. 96
fnuas, manlike shades or spirits of ani- mals, among the Esquimaux, ix. 380, 381
Inuit. See Esquimaux
Jnuus, epithet applied to Faunus, vi. 234 «.s
Inverness, the corp chre in, i. 69
Inverness-shire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162 ; Beltane cakes in, x. 153
Inversion of social ranks at the Satur- nalia and kindred festivals, ix. 308,
337. 339. 350. 407 Invisibility acquired by magical ointment
made out of a mouldering corpse, vni.
163 sq. Invisible, charm to make an army, vi.
251
Invocation of the dead, iii. 172
Invocamt Sunday, "Sawing the Old Woman " on, iv. 243
Invulnerability, charm to produce, i. 146 sq. ; acquired by inoculation, viii. 1 60 ; conferred by a species of mistletoe, xi. 79 sq. ; conferred by decoction of a parasitic orchid, xi. 81 ; of Balder, xi. 94 ; attained through blood-brotherhood with animal, xi. 20 1 ; thought to be attained through initiation, xi. 275 sq. , 276 n.1
Invulnerable warlock or giant, stories of the, xi. 97 sqq.
Inzia River, in Africa, vii. 119
lolaus, friend of Hercules, v. in
lolcus, Jason at, iii. 311
lona, St. Columba's tomb in, i. 160
Ionian women would not name their husbands, iii. 337
Iowa Indians, their respect for rattle- snakes, viii. 217 sq.
Iphiclus and Melampus, i. 158
Iphinoe, libations and offerings of hair on tomb of the maiden, i. 28
Ipswich witches, x. 304 sq.
Irac, province of, report of death of King of the Jinn in, iv. 8
Iraca, or Sogamozo, the pontiff of, i. 416
Iran, marriage custom in, x. 75
Iranian year, the old, vi. 67
Iranians, the old, their annual festival of the dead ( Fravashis), vi. 67 sq>.
Irawadi River, royal criminals sunk in the, iii. 242
Irayas of Luzon offer first-fruits to the souls of their ancestors, viii. 124
Ireland, "burying the sheaf" in, i. 69; woman burnt as a witch in, i. 236, x. 323 sq. ; hoops wreathed with rowan and marigolds carried on May Day in, ii. 63 ; the May Queen in, ii. 87 ; per- petual fires in, ii. 240 sqq. \ oaks and yews in the peat -bogs of, ii. 351 ; Druidism and Christianity in, ii. 363 ; cut hair preserved against the day of judgment by old women in, iii. 280 sq. ; divination by knotted threads in, iii. 304 «.6; the old kings of, might not have any personal blemish, iv. 39 ; sacred oaks in, v. 37 «.2 ; cutting the last corn (the churn] at harvest in, vii. 154 sq. ; hunting the wren in, viii. 319 sq. ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; candles on Twelfth Night in, ix. 321 sq. ; the Druid's Glass in, x. 16 ; new fire at Hallowe'en in, x. 139, 225 ; Beltane fires in, x. 157 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 20 1 sqq. ; fairies at Hallowe'en in, x. 226 sq. ; Hallowe'en customs in, x. 241 sq. ; witches as hares in, x. 315 n.1 ; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 29 ; cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 192 n.1
, ancient, the Celts of, ii. 116 ;
sacred oak groves in, ii. 242 sq.t 363 ; taboos observed by the kings of, iii. 1 1 sq. ; the great fairs of, iv. 99 sqq.
Irish belief as to green boughs on May Day, ii. 52
crannogs, oak timber in the, ii. 352
custom as to a fall, iii. 68 ; as to
friends' blood, iii. 244 sq.
kings, magical virtues attributed to,
i. 367
legend of the self-sacrifice of monks
to stay a plague, iv. 159 n.1
precautions against witches on May
Day, ii. 53
sacrifice of firstlings, iv. 183
story of the external soul, xi. 132
Irle, J. , on the sacred sticks representing ancestors of the Herero, ii. 223 n.2 ; on the religion of the Herero, vi. 186 sq.
Iron, homoeopathic magic of, i. 159 sq. \ not to be touched, iii. 167 ; tabooed, iii. 176, 225 sqq. ; used as a charm against spirits, iii. 232 sqq.t viii. 51 ; not allowed to touch Atys, v. 286 n.6 ; not to be used in digging fern root, xi. 65 ; mistletoe gathered without the use of.xi.78 ; nottobeusedincuttingcertain plants, xi. 81 n. ; customs observed by the Toradjas at the working of, xi
GENERAL INDEX
Iron Age in Denmark, ii. 352
axe, use of, forbidden, viii. 248
-Beard, Dr., a Whitsuntide mum- mer, iv. 208, 212, 233
instruments, use of, tabooed, iii.
205, 206
rings as talismans, iii. 235, 315
wort, bunches of, held in the smoke
of the Midsummer fires, x. 179
Ironwood trees, spirits of, propitiated, ii. 40
Iroquois, their belief in the spirits of trees and plants, ii. 12 ; their thunder-god, ii. 369 sq. ; names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352 ; tell their tales of wonder only in winter, iii. 385 ; their myth of the Spirits of Corn, Beans, and Squashes, vii. 177 ; their sacrifice of white dogs, viii. 258 n.1, ix. 127, 209 sq. ; their "festival of dreams," ix. 127 ; their New Year festival, ix. 127, 209 sg. ; their use of scapegoats, ix. 209 sg. , 233 ; cere- mony of the new fire among the, x. 133 sg. ; need-fire among the, x. 299 sg.
Irrigation in ancient Egypt, vi. 31 sg. ; rites of, in Egypt, vi. 33 sgg. ; sacrifices offered in connexion with, vi. 38 sg.
Isa or Parvati, an Indian goddess, wife of Mahadeva, v. 241
Isaac, Abraham's attempted sacrifice of, iv. 177, vi. 219 n.1
Isaacs, Nathaniel, on custom of putting Zulu kings to death, iv. 36 sg.
Isaiah (vii. 14), on the virgin who shall bear a son, i. 36 ».2 ; (xxx. 33), on the king's pyre in Tophet, v. 177, 178 ; possible allusion to gardens of Adonis in (xvii. 10), v. 236 n.1 ; (xxvi. 19), on dew, v. 247 n.1 ; " houses of the soul " in (iii. 20), xi. 155 «.8
Iser Mountains in Silesia, Walpurgis bonfires to keep off witches in the, ix. 163
Iserlohn in Westphalia, custom of "quickening" cattle on May morning at, ix. 266 sg.
Isfendiyar and Rustem, x. 104 sg. , 314
Ishtar, great Babylonian goddess, her love for Tammuz, v. 8 sg. ; her descent into the world of the dead, v. 8 sg. , ix. 406; her title Dodah, v. 20 «.2 ; associated with Sirius, ix. 359 n.1 ; Esther equivalent to, ix. 365 ; served by harlots, ix. 372 ; at Erech, ix. 398 ; her visit to Anu, ix. 399 n.1 ; goddess of fertility in animals, ix. 406 n. l See a/so Astarte
(Astarte) and Mylitta, v. 36, 37 n.1
and Gilgamesh, ix. 371 s?. , 398 sq.
and Semiramis, ix. 369 sgg.
—~ and Tammuz, ix. 399, 406
Isilimela, the Pleiades, among the Ama- zulu, vii. 316
Isis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5 ; watches over childbirth, ii. 133 ; how she discovered the name of Ra, iii. 387 sgg. ; in Sirius, iv. 5, vi. 34 sg*t 152 ; and the king's son at Byblus, v, 1 80 ; invoked by Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45, 117 ; sister and wife of Osiris, vi. 6 sg. , 1 16 ; and the scorpions, vi. 8 ; in the form of a hawk, vi. 8, 20 ; in the papyrus swamps, vi. 8 ; in the form of a swallow, vi. 9 ; at Byblus, vi. 9 sg. ; at the well, vi. 9, in «.6; her search for the body of Osiris, vi. 10, 50, 85 ; recovers and buries the body of Osiris, vi. 10 sg., vii. 262; mourns Osiris, vi. 12 ; restores Osiris to life, vi. 13 ; date of the festival of, vi. 26 «.2, 33 ; her tears supposed to swell the Nile, vi. 33 ; as a cow or a woman with the head of a cow, vi. 50, 85, 88 n.1. 91 ; her priest wears a jackal's mask, vi. 85 n.3 ; de- capitated by her son Plorus, vi. 88 n.1 ; her temple at Philae, vi. 89, in ; her many names, vi. 115; a corn-goddess, vi. 116 sg. ; her discovery of wheat and barley, vi. 116 ; identified with Ceres, vi. 117 ; identified with De- meter, vi. 117; as the ideal wife and mother, vi. 117 sg. ; refinement and spiritualization of, vi. 117 sg, ; popu- larity of her worship in the Roman empire, vi. 118 ; her resemblance to the Virgin Mary, vi. 118 sg. \ dirge of, vii. 215 ; at Tithorea, festivals of, viii. 18 n.1 \ in relation to cows, viii. 35 ; etymology of her name, viii. 35 «.4; collects the scattered limbs of Osiris, viii. 264 ; the birth of, ix. 341
Hathor, worship of, perhaps de- rived from reverence of pastoral peoples for their cattle, vin. 35 «.a
and Osiris perhaps personated by
human couples, ix. 386
Isistmes Indians of Paraguay, mourners refrain from scratching their heads among the, iii. 159 n.
Island, need-fire kindled in an, x. 290 sg. , 291 sg.
Islay, the corp chre in, i. 68 ; the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 141 sq. ; the harvest Cailleach in, vii. 166 ; cures for toothache in, ix. 62
Isle de France, the May-tree and Father May in, ii. 74 sq. ; harvest customs in, vii. 221, 226; Midsummer giant burnt in, xi. 38
of Man, St. Bridget in the, ii. 94
sg. ; May Day in the, iv. 258 ; Queen of May and Queen of Winter in the,
322
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
iv. 258 ; hunting the wren in the, viii. 318 sq. ; Beltane fires in the, x. 157. See Man, Isle of
Isle of May, St. Mary's well in, ii. 161
of St. Mary, inhabitants of, apolo- gize to mother- whale for destroying her offspring, viii. 235
Islip, in Oxfordshire, May garlands at, ii. 62 «.a
Isocrates on Aeacus, ii. 360 n. ; a com- petitor for prize of eloquence at Halicarnassus, iv. 95 ; on Demeter's gift of the corn, vii. 54 sq.
Isolation of the man-god, HI. 132
Isowa or Aisawa, a religious order in Morocco, vii, 21. See Aisawa
Israelites covet the foreskins of the Philis- tines, i. 101 «.2 ; their rules of cere- monial purity observed in war, lii. 157 sq. , 177 ; their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv. 168 sqq. ; their brazen serpent, viii. 281. See also Jews
Issapoo, in Fernando Po, the cobra- capella worshipped at, viii. 174
Issini on the Gold Coast, custom observed by executioners at, iii. 171 sq.
Isthmian games held every two years, vii. 86 ; instituted in honour of Meli- certes, iv. 93, 103
Istria, the Croats of, xi. 75
Iswara or Mahadeva, an Indian god, v. 241, 242
Italian and Celtic languages akin, ii. 189
money, the oldest, i. 23
peoples, ancient, their custom of the
''sacred spring," iv. 186
women, their disposal of their loose
hair, iii. 281
Italians, their myths of kings or heroes begotten by the fire-god, vi. 235 ; their cure for fever, ix. 55 ; their season for sowing in spring, ix. 346 ; the oak the chief sacred tree among the ancient, xi. 89 ; their stories of the external soul, xi. 105 sqq. ; their ancient practice of passing conquered enemies under a yoke, xi. 193 sq.
, the early, a pastoral as well as an
agricultural people, ii. 324
Italmens of Kamtchatka, their effigy of a wolf, viii. 173 n.4
Jtalones, the, of the Philippine Islands, drink the blood of slain foes to acquire their courage, viii. 152
Italy, change in the flora of, i. 8 ; " Saw- ing the Old Woman " at Mid-Lent in, iv. 240^. ; seven-legged effigies of Lent in, iv. 244 sq. \ swinging as a festal rite in modern, iv. 283, 284 ; hot springs in, v. 213; divination at Mid- summer in, v. 254 ; ' ' killing the Hare "
at harvest in, vii. 280 ; cure of warts in, ix. 48 ; birth-trees in, xi. 165 ; mistletoe in, xi. 316, 317
Italy, ancient, spinning on highroads forbidden to women in, i. 113, viii. 119 n.5; forests of, ii. 8; tree-worship in, ii. 10 ; sacred groves in, ii. 122 ; oaks sacred to Jupiter in, ii. 361 ; vintage inaugurated by priests in, viii. 133 ; colleges of the Salii in, ix. 232 ; the Ambarvalia in, ix. 359
Itasy, Lake, in Madagascar, proclamation to crocodiles at, viii. 214
Itch of Hercules, v. 209
Itonamas of South America, their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31
Itongo, an ancestral spirit (Zulu term, singular of Amatongo), iii. 88 n. , vi. 184 n.2, 185, viii. 166, xi. 202 n.
Itzgrund, in Stixe-Coburg, the last sheaf called the Old Woman at, vii. 139
Ivory Coast, the Baoules of the, iii. 70 ; human souls in bats on the, viii. 287 ; totemism among the Siena of the, xi. 220 n.'2
Ivy chewed by Bacchanals, i. 384 ; identified or associated with Dionysus, ii. 251, vii. 4 ; used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252 ; prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13 sq. ; sacred to Attis, v. 278 ; sacred to Osiris, vi. 112 ; to dream on, x. 242
Ivy Girl in Kent, vii. 153
Ixia, a kind of mistletoe, xi. 317, 318
lyyar, Assyrian month, corresponding to May, ii. 130
Izdubar. See Gilgamesh
Ja-Luo tribes of Kavirondo, spearing a
man's shadow among the, iii. 79 ;
purification of manslayers among the,
iii. 177 ; eat leopard's flesh to become
brave, viii. 142 Jablanica, need-fire at, x. 286 Jabim. See Yabim Jablonski, P. E., on Osiris as a sun-god,
vi. 120 Jabme-Aimo, the abode of the dead,
among the Lapps, viii. 257 Jack-in-the-Green, ii. 82, xi. 37
o' Lent, iv. 230
wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216
Jackal, transmigration of sinner mto,
viii. 299 -god Up-uat, in ancient Egypt, vi.
iS4 Jackal's head, Egyptian priest represented
wearing a, vii. 260 heart not eaten lest it make the eater
timid, viii. 141 mask worn by priest of Isis, vi.
85 «.8
GENERAL INDEX
323
Jackals, tigers called, iii. 402, 403 Jackson, Professor Henry, on the Pole- march at Athens, iii. 22 n. 1 ; on the use
of swallows as scapegoats in ancient
Greece, ix. 35 «.3 Jacob wrestling with the angel, American
Indian parallel to the story of, viii.
264 sqq.
Jacob of Edessa, viii. 280 n. Jacob, G. , on the fire-drill of the ancient
Bedouins, ii. 209 Jacobsen, J. Adrian, on the Secret
Societies of North-Western America,
ix. 377 sqq. Jaffa, new Easter fire carried to, x.
130 n. Jaga, title of the king of Cassange, iv.
$6, 203 Jagas, a tribe of Angola, their custom of
infanticide, iv. 196 sq. Jaggas of East Africa, their fire customs,
ii. 259 Jagor, as to ignorance of the art of
making fire, ii. 254 n. Jaguar imitated by actor or dancer, ix.
38i Jaguars eaten in order to acquire courage,
viii. 140 ; souls of dead in, viii. 285, 286 Jahn, U. , on girding fruit-trees with straw
at Christmas, ii. 17 n.6 Jaintias or Syntengs, a Khasi tribe of
Assam, custom of religious suicide
among the, iv. 55 Jakkaneri, in the Neilgherry Hills, the
fire-walk at, xi. 9 Jakun, the, of the Malay Peninsula,
power of medicine-men among the, i.
360 ; use a special language in search- ing for camphor, iii. 405 Jalina piramurana, a headman of the
Died, i. 336 Jalno, temporary ruler at Lhasa, ix. 218
sqq.
Jamadwitiya Day in Behar, brothers re- viled by sisters on, i. 279 Jambi in Sumatra, temporary kings in,
iv. 154 Jamblichus on insensibility to pain as
sign of inspiration, v. 169 ; on the
purifying virtue of fire, v. 181 James, M. R. , on the charges of ritual
murder brought against the Jews, ix.
395 ns. 2 and 8 ; on the Sibyl's Wish,
x. 100 n. James and Philip, the Apostles, feast of,
x. 158
James II. touches for scrofula, i. 370 Jamieson, John, on the fairies and Trows,
ix. 168 n.1, 169 «.2; on the "quarter- ill," x. 296 n.1 Jana, another form of Diana, ii. 381,
382, 383. See Diana
fangamt priest of the Lingayats, wor- shipped as a god, i. 404 sq,
Janiculum hill, the, secession of the plebeians to, ii. 186 ; and the grove of Helernus, 11. 190 ».3; the oak- woods of the, ii. 382 ; Janus as a king resident on, ii. 382
Jankari, a god, human sacrifices for the crops offered to, vii. 244
fanua, derived from Janus, ii. 384
January, the 6th of, reckoned in the East the Nativity of Christ, v. 304, x. 246 ; the Holi festival in, xi. i ; the fire- walk in, xi. 8
Janus, two-faced images like those 'of, set up by mothers of still-born twins, i. 269 n.1 ; a god of the sky, ii. 381 sq. ; called Junonian, ii. 382 ; as a god of doors, ii. 383 sq. ; explanation of the two-headed, ii. 384 sq. ; double-headed images of, with stick and key, ii. 385 ; in Roman mythology, vi. 235 «.6
and Carna, ii. 190
(Dianus) and Diana, doubles of
Jupiter and Juno, ii. 190 sq , 381 sq.
and Jupiter, xi. 302 ».2
Janus-like deity on coins, v. 165
Japan, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 208 sq. ; black dog sacrificed for rain in the mountains of, i. 291 sq. ; rain- making by means of a stone in, i. 305 ; the Mikado of, i. 417, hi. 2 sqq. ; fruit- trees threatened in, to make them bear fruit, ii. 21 ; Kaempfer's history of, iii. 3 «.2 ; Caron's account of, iii. 4 n.2 ; mock human sacrifices in, iv. 218 ; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 65 ; superstitious practice of robbers in, vii. 235 «.8 ; the fox associated with the rice-god in, vii. 297 ; the Ainos of, viii. 52, x. 20, xi. 60 ; cure for tooth- ache in, ix. 71 ; expulsion of demons in, ix. 118 sq., 143 sq. ; Feast of Lanterns in, ix. 151 sq. ; annual ex- pulsion of evil in, ix. 212 sq. ; cere- mony of new fire in, x. 137 sq. ; the fire- walk in, xi. 9 sq.
Japanese, their use of magical images, i. 60, 71 ; treatment of the placenta among the, i. 195 ; use ropes to keep off demons, ix. 154 n.
Japanese account of the Aino bear- festival, viii. 187 sq.
alps, rain-making in the, i. 251
deities of the Sun, vii. 212
mode of procuring rain by an arti- ficial dragon, i. 297 ; by doing violence to deity, i. 297
Japura River in Brazil, viii. 157
Jar, the evils of a whole year shut up in a, ix. 202. See also Jars
Jaray. See Chr^ais
324
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Jargon, artificial, used by searchers for eagle- wood, iii. 404. See also Language, special
Janschau, in Silesia, athletic sports at harvest at, vh. 76
Jarkino, trees respected in, ii. 18
Jars, winds kept by priest in, iii. 5 ; souls conjured into, iii. 70 ; burial in, iv. 12 sq. , v. 109 n.1. See also Jar
Jasmine married to a tamarind in India, ii. 25
Jason and Medea, v. 181 n.1
and Pelias, iii. 311 sq.
Jassnitz, in Moravia, custom of "Carry- ing out Death " at, iv. 238 sq.
Jastrow, Professor M. , on the festival of Tammuz, v. 10 n.1 ; on the character of Tammuz, v. 230 n. ; on the epic of Gilgamebh, 5x. 399 n.1
Jatakas, collection of Buddhist tales, viii. 299 «.5, ix. 41, 45
Jaundice treated by homoeopathic magic, i. 79 sqq. \ called the royal disease, i. 371 «.4 ; transferred to a tench, ix. 52
Java, magical images in, i. 58 ; cere- monies to procure offspring in, i. 73 ; belief as to the homoeopathic magic of house timber in, i. 146 ; charm to pro- duce sleep in, i. 148 ; treatment of the afterbirth in, i. 192 ; rain-making in, i. 257 sq. ; ceremonies for preventing rain in, i. 270 sq. ; rain-charm by means of cats in, i. 289 ; special forms of speech used in addressing social superiors in, i. 402 n. ; modes of deceiving the spirits of plants in, ii. 23 ; sexual intercourse practised to promote the growth of rice in, ii. 98 ; ceremony at tapping a palm-tree for wine in, ii. 100 sq. ; custom observed in, when a child is first set on the ground, iii. 34 ; rice placed on heads of persons after a great danger in, iii. 35 ; remedy for gout or rheumatism in, ill. 106 ; the Baduwis of, iii. 115 ; superstitions as to the head in, iii. 254 ; everything opened in house to facilitate childbirth in, iii. 297; tabooed words in, iii. 409, 411 ; the Sultans of, hereditary custom of suicide practised for their benefit, iv. 53 sq. ; the Tenggeres (Tenggerese) of, iv. 130 n.1, ix. 184; conduct of natives in an earthquake, v. 202 n.1 ; Valley of Poison in, v. 203 sq. ; wor- ship of volcanoes in, v. 220 sq. ; use of winnowing-basket as cradle in, vii. 6 ; Rice- bride and Rice-bridegroom in, vii. 199 sqq. \ earthworms eaten by dancing girls in, viii. 147 ; kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212 ; belief in demons in, ix. 86 sq. ; birth- trees in, xi. 161 n.1
Javanese, their mode of rain-making, i. 248 ; shadow-plays as a rain-charm among the, i. 301 n. ; treat rice in bloom like a pregnant woman, ii. 28 ; ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183
Jawbone of ancestor in magical ceremony, i. 312 ; the ghost of the dead thought to adhere to the, vi. 167 sq.
and navel-string of Kibuka, the war- god of the Baganda, vi. 197
Jawbones of deer and pigs, magical use of, i. 109 ; of executed persons a protective against their ghosts, iii. 171 ; of dead kings of Uganda pre- served and worshipped, i. 196, iv. 200 sq. , vi. 167 sq. , 169 sq. , 171 sq. ; the ghosts of the kings supposed to attach to their jaw-bones, vi. 169 ; of slain beasts propitiated by hunters, viii. 244 sq.
Jaws of corpse tied up to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31
Jay, blue, as scapegoat, ix. 51
Jayi or Jawara, festival m Upper India, v. 242
Jealousy, transferred to ants, ix. 33
Jebel Bela mountain, in the Sudan, wizard in form of hyaena on the, x.
3*3
Hissar, Olba, v. 151
Nuba, district of the Eastern
Sudan, a species of birds respected in, viii. 221
Jebu, on the Slave Coast, the king of, not to be seen by anybody, iii. 121
Jehovah, savage taboos disguised as the will of, iii. 219 ; in relation to thunder, v. 22 n.3 ; in relation to rain, v. 23 n.1
Jensen, P., on rock-hewn sculptures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 137 «.*; on Hittite inscription, v. i45^.2; on Syrian god Hadad, v. 163 n.3 ; on etymology of Purim, ix. 362 ; his theory of Haman and Vashti as Elamite deities, ix. 366 sq. ; on Anaitis, ix. 369 n.1 ; on the fast of Esther, ix. 398 sq.
Jeoud, the only-begotten son of Cronus, sacrificed by his father, iv. 166
Jepur in India, use of scapegoat at, ix. 191
Jeremiah (vii. 31, xix. 5, xxxii. 35), on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv. 169 «.8 ; (xxix. 26), on the prophet as a madman, v. 77 ; (ii. 27), on birth from stocks and stones, v. 107
Jericho, death of Herod at, v. 214 ; wild boars at, viii. 32
Jerome, on the Celtic language of the Galatians, ii. 126 #.a, xi. 89 ».2 ; on Tophet, iv. 170 ; on the date of the month Tammuz, v. 10 n.1 ; on the wor- ship of Adonis at Bethlehem, v. 257
GENERAL INDEX
325
Jerome of Prague, missionary to the heathen Lithuanians, on their worship of trees, ii. 46 ; on Lithuanian worship of the sun, i. 317 sq.
Jci M- iV i:i,i::L*trm;>V,M b'l'^l uil'i.oM.ion, in. 2jo ; u i> .su'iii . 169, vi. 219; mourning for Tammuz at, v. ii, 17, 20, ix. 400 ; the Canaanite kings of, v. 17 ; "sacred men " in the temple at, v. 17 ; the returned captives at, v. 23 ; the Destroying Angel over, v. 24 ; besieged by Sennacherib, v. 25 I religious music at, v. 52 ; "great burnings " for the kings at, v. 177 sq. ; the king's pyre at, v. 177 sq. ; Church of the Holy Sepulchre at, Good Friday ceremonies in the, v. 255 n. \ ceremony of the new fire at Easter in, x. 128 sq.
M , the Road of," iv. 76
Jesus Christ, crossbills at the crucifixion of, i. 82 ; the historical reality of, ix. 412 n.2
Jette\ J. , on the power of medicine-men among the Tinneh Indians, i. 357
Jeugny, the forest of, xi 316
Jevons, F. B. , on burial customs in Ceos, i. 105 ; on the opposition between re- ligion and magic, i. 225 n. ; on the Roman genius, xi. 212 n.
Jewish calendar, New Year's Day of the,
ix. 359 children, their custom as to cast
teeth, i. 178 converts, form of abjuration used
by, ix. 393
Day of Atonement, ix. 210
festival of Purim, ix. 360 sqq, ; the
great deliverance of Jews at the, ix. 398
high priest, viii. 27, ix. 210
hunters pour out blood of game,
iii. 241 priests, their rule as to the pollution
of death, vi. 230
remedy for jaundice, i. 8r
Jewitt, J. R., on the father of twins
among the Nootkas, i. 264 ; on ritual
of mimic death among the Nootka
Indians, xi. 270 Jews, their attitude to the pig, viii. 23 sq. ;
their ablutions, viii. 27 ; their use of
scapegoats, ix. 210 ; accused of ritual
murders, ix. 394 sqq. of Egypt, costume of bride and
bridegroom among the, vi. 260 • , Polish, their belief as to falling
stars, iv. 66 of Roumania, mode of facilitating
childbirth among the, iii. 298 Jeyt, Indian month, iv. 279 Jharkhandi, an Indian forest god, viii.
,. 1I9
Jinn, haunt certain trees, ii. 34 ; the
servants of their magical names, iii. 390 ; death of the King of the, iv. 8 ; falling stars thought to be, iv. 63 ; transferred from human beings to animals, ix. 31 ; belief in the, in modern Egypt, ix. 104 ; infesting camels, ix. 260 Jinnee of the sea, virgins married to a, ii.
153 sf>
Joannes Lydus, on Phrygian rites at Rome, v. 266 «.2 ; on Mamurius Veturius, ix. 229 n.1
Job (xxxviii. 13), " the sweet influences of the Pleiades," vii. 319 n.1
Job's protest, ii. 114
Jochelson, W. , on the whale-festivals of the Koryaks, viii. 232 ; on the belief of the Koryaks in demons, ix. 101
Johanniswurzel, the male fern, xi. 66
John Barleycorn, Burns on, v. 230 sq.
Johns, Rev. Dr. C. H. W., on Baby- lonian votaries, v. 71 ns. 8 and 6 ; on the name Zagmuku, ix. 357 «.2 ; on the change of m into w or v in Semitic, ix. 367 «.2; on the reading of an Elamite inscription, ix. 367 «.3
Johnson, Bishop James, on human scape- goats among the Yorubas, ix. 211 sq.
Johnson, Dr. Samuel, in the Highlands, i. 368 ; touched for scrofula by Queen Anne, i. 370 ; on Highland custom of beating a man in a cow's hide, viii. 322
Johnston, Sir H. H., on the diffusion of round huts in Africa, ii. 227 n.9 ; on eunuch priests on the Congo, v. 271 n.
Johnstone, Rev. A., on Hallowe'en fires in Buchan, x. 233
Jokumara, a rain-god in Southern India, his effigy used in a rain- making cere- mony, i. 284 n.
Jonee, joanne, jouanne, the Midsummer fire (the fire of St. John), x. 189
Jonendake, Mount, in Japan, rain-making ceremonies on, i. 251
Jordan, H., on the ordeal of battle in ancient Italy, ii. 321
Jordan, banks of the, infested by wild boars, viii. 32
Jordanus, Friar, on voluntary suicide in honour of idols in India, iv. 54
Josephus, on worship of kings of Damas- cus, v. 15 ; on the Tyropoeon, v. 178 ; on the Egyptian'abstinence from swine's flesh, viii. 24 n.2
Josiah, King, his religious reform, v. 17 n.6, 18 n.s, 25, 107
Jotham, the fable of, ii. 315
Joubert, on religion, quoted, i. 223 «.*
Journey, conduct of women in absence of men on a, i. 125 ; purificatory cere- monies on return from a, iii» in sqq. \ continence observed on a, iii 204 ; hair
326
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
kept unshorn on a, iii. 261 ; knots as a charm on a, iii. 306, 310
Journeys, conventional names for com- mon objects on long and perilous journeys, iii. 404 «.8
Joustra, M. , on the fear of evil spirits among the Bataks, ix. 88
Jove (Father) and Mother Vesta, ii. 227 sqq. See Jupiter
Joyce, P. W., on Irish fairs, iv. 100 if.1, 101 ; on driving cattle through fires, x. 159 «.a ; on the bisection of the Celtic year, x. 223 ».a
Jualamukhi in the Himalayas, perpetual fires, v. 192
Jubainville, H. d'Arbois de, on a passage of Maximus Tyrius, ii. 362 ».6 ; on Irish fairs, iv. 101
Judah, idolatrous kings of, their sacrifice of chariots and horses to the sun, i. 315 ; kings of, their custom of burn- ing their children, iv. 169 ; laments for dead kings of, v. 20 ; the purple hills of, v. 215
Judas, effigies of, burnt in Easter fires, x. 121, 1275^,, 130 .ty., 143, 146, xi. 23 ; driven out of church on Good Friday, x. 146
Judas candle, x. 122 n.
fire at Easter, x. 123, 144
Judean landscape, the austerity of the, v. 23 ; maid impregnated by serpent, v. 81
Judith, widow of Ethelwulf, ii. 283
Juggernaut, pilgrimage to, iv. 132
Jugra, in Selangor, durian-trees threat- ened at, ii. 21
Juhar, the Bhotiyas of, ix. 209
Juice of grapes conceived as blood, iii. 248
Jujube, arrows of the thorny, used to shoot at demons, ix. 146
Jujus, fetishes, i. 349
Jukagirs of Siberia, taboos observed by the sisters of hunters among the, i. 122
Jukos, the, of Nigeria, kings of, put to death, iv. 34 ; inoculate themselves before hunting elephants, viii. 160
Julbuck, the Yule goat, in Scandinavia, viii. 327
Julian, the Emperor, on the Hercynian forest, ii. 7 ; his entrance into Antioch, v. 227, 258 ; on the Mother of the Gods, v. 299 «.8 ; restores the stand- ard cubit to the Serapeum, vi. 217 n.1
Julian calendar introduced by Caesar, vi. 37, 93 ii.1; used by Mohammedans, x. 218 sqt
— — — year, vi. 28
Julii, the, descended from Julus, ii. 179; rivals of the Silvii, ii. 182 ; as Little Jupiters, ii. 192
Julus, the Little Jupiter, ancestor of the
Julii, ii. 179 Julus or Ascanius, the son of Aeneas,
ii. 197 July, procession of giants at Douay in, xi.
33 the 5th, the Flight of the People at
Rome on, ii. 319 n.1 the 7th, death of Romulus on, ii.
181 ; th^e festival of the Nonae Capro-
tinae at Rome, ii. 313 sq. , ix. 258 ; Lord
of Misrule at Bodmin on, ii. 319 n.1 the 25th, St. James's Day, flower
of chicory cut on, xi. 71 Jumieges, in Normandy, Brotherhood of
the Green Wolf at, x. 185 sq. , xi. 25 Jumping over wife or children as a
ceremony, iii. 112 ; over wife as a
ceremony, iii. 164 ».1, viii. 64, 253,
x. 23 ; over a bonfire, iv. 262 ; over
a woman, significance of, viii. 70 #.*,
x. 23. See also Leaping Juncus tenms in homoeopathic magic, i.
144 June, named after Juno, ii. 190, 190 w.2;
Khasi ceremony of "driving away the
plague" in, ix. 173 ; Mexican human
sacrifice in, ix. 283 ; the fire-walk in,
xi. 6
the ist, a Roman festival, ii. 190
the 9th, Vesta's festival on, ii. 127 «.8
the i5th, St. Vitus's Day, x. 335
the 29th, St. Peter's Day, iv. 262
Juneh, magical pool at, where childless
couples bathe, ii. 160 Jungle Mother, in Northern India, her
shrines consist of piles of stones and
branches, ix. 27 Juniper worn by mourners, iii. 143 ;
burned to keep out ghosts, ix. 154
n. ; used to beat people with, ix.
271 ; burnt in need-fire, x. 288 ; used
to fumigate byres, x. 296 Juniper berries, nouses fumigated with, as
a protection against witches, ix. 158 Juniperus excelsa, the cAtti-lree, a kind
of cedar, sacred in Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 Juno on the Capitol, ii. 184, 189 ; her
oak crown, ii. 184, 189; at Falerii,
ii. 190 «.2 ; a duplicate of Diana, ii.
381 sq. ; the Flaminica Dialis sacred
to, vi. 230 ».2; the wife of Jupiter, vi.
231 ; serpent in sacred grove of, at
Lanuvium, viii. 18
and Diana, xi. 302 «.fl
Juno Caprotina, the milky juice of the
wild fig-tree (caprificus) offered to, ii.
3r3. 3r7» *x- 258 ; on a Roman coin,
viii. 18 ».u Lucina, no knots on garments of
women in rites of, iii. 294 Moneta, ii. 189
GENERAL INDEX
327
Junod, Henri A., on twins regarded as children of the sky, i. 268 ; on super- stitions as to miscarriage in childbirth, in. 152 sqq. ; on the profundity of savage ritual, iii. 420 ».*; on the wor- ship of the dead among the Thonga,, vi. 1 80 sq. ; on woman's part in agri- culture among the Baronga, vii. 114 sq.
Juok, the supreme god and creator of the Shilluks, iv. 18, vi. 165
Jupiter, ox sacrificed to, as expiation, ii. 122 ; costume of, ii. 174 sq. ; the Roman kings in the character of, ii. 174 sqq. , ii. 266 sq. ; oaks sacred to, ii. 175, 176 ; as god of the oak, the thunder, the rain, and the sky, ii. 178, 358, 361 sq. \ worshipped on the Capitol, ii. 361 ; as sky-god, ii. 374 ; a duplicate of Janus (Dianus), ii. 381 sq. , xi. 302 /z.2; the husband of Juno, vi. 231 ; the father of Fortuna Primigenia, vi. 234 ; (Zeus) said to have transferred the sceptre to the young Dionysus, vii. 13 ; lamb sacri- ficed by Flamen Dialis to, viii. 133 ; perhaps personified by the King of the Wood, the priest of Diana at Nemi, xi. 302 sq.
the Fruitful One, ii. 362
and Juno, doubles of Janus (Dianus)
and Diana, ii. 190^-7., 381^., xi. 302 «.2; sacred marriage of, ii. 190
and Juturna, vi. 235 n.e
, Latian, on the Alban Mount, ii.
187, 379 ; human sacrifices in honour of, ix. 312 n.1
, the Little, ii. 179, 192
, the Rainy, ii. 362 n.1
and Saturn, ii. 323
, the Serene, ii. 362
, the Showery, ii. 362 «.*
Jupiter Capitoline, ii. 176, 187, robbed by Julius Caesar, i. 4 ; custom of annually knocking a nail in temple of, ix. 66, 67 w.1 ; represented by an oak-tree, xi. 89
Dianus, ii. 382
Dolichenus, v. 136
• Elicius, ii. 183
Indiges, ii. 181
Liber, temple of, at Furfo, iii. 230
Jupiter, the planet, period of revolution of, iv. 49, xi. 77 n.1
Jupiters, probably many local, in Latium, ii. 184
Jura, fire-custom at Lent, in the, x. 1 14
Jura Mountains, Midsummer bonfires in the, x. 1 88 sq. \ the Yule log in the, x. 249
Jurby, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 305
Justice and Injustice in Aristophanes, v. 209
Justin, on the "sacred spring" among
the Gauls, iv. 187 «.8 Justin II., Emperor of the East, his
embassy to the Turks, iii. 102 Justin Martyr on the resemblances of
paganism to Christianity, v. 302 «.* Jutland, belief as to eating white snake in,
viii. 146 ; sick children and cattle passed
through holes in turf in, xi. 191 ;
superstitions about a parasitic rowan
in, xi. 281 Juturna, a water-nymph, the wife of
Janus, ii. 382 ; beloved by Jupiter, ii.
382 ; in Roman mythology, vi. 235 #.'
Kat spiritual double or external soul in ancient Egypt, ii. 134 n.1, iii. 28, xi. 157 «.a
Kabadi, a district of British New Guinea, seclusion of girls at puberty in,
*• 35
Kabenau river, in German New Guinea, ceremony of initiation on the, xi. 193
Kabuis, the, of Assam, their taboos at sowing and reaping, vii. 109 ».a
of Manipur, chastity before sowing
among the, ii. 106
Kabyle tale, milk-tie in a, xi. 138 w.1 ; *the external soul in a, xi. 139
Kabyles, marriage custom of the, to ensure the birth of a boy, vi. 262 ; their cure for jealousy, ix. 33
Kacha Nagas of Assam, parents named after their children among the, iii. 333
Kacharis, the, of Assam, their fear of demons, ix. 93
Kachh, the Rao of, i. 385 n.1
Kachins of Burma, their custom of making a new fire on taking possession of a new house, ii. 237 sq. ; continence of women at brewing beer among the, iii. 200 ; their offerings at sowing and reaping, viii. 121 sq. ; their belief in demons, ix. 96
Kadesh, a Semitic goddess, v. 137 «.a
Kadiak, island off Alaska, uncleanness of women at childbirth in, iii. 148 ; customs as to whalers in, iii. 191 sq.
Kadombookoo, in Celebes, prayers for rain at a chief's grave in, i. 286
Kadouma, near the Victoria Nyanza, diums beat to still a storm at, i. 328
Kaempfer's History of Japan > iii. 3 sq.
Kafa, custom as to eating in, iii. 119 «.8
Kaffa, in East Africa, divine pope at, i. 410
Kafirs of the Hindoo Koosh, dances of their women while men are away fight- ing, i. 133 sq. ; their test of a sacrificial victim, i. 385 ; sacred persons among them defiled by contact with a dog, iii. 13 n.6
3*8
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Kahma, in Burma, annual extinction of fires in, x. 136
Kai of German New Guinea, their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 96 sq. \ their super- stitious practices to procure good crops, vii. 100 ; their games played to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 101 sq. ; their stories told to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 102 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313 ; why field labourers among them will not eat pork, viii. 33 ; eat the brains of slain foes, viii. 152 ; their belief in transmigration, viii. 296 ; beat their banana shoots to make them grow, ix. 264 ; their seclusion of women at menstruation, x. 79 ; their use of a cleft stick as a cure, xi. 182 ; their rites of initiation, xi. 239 sqq.
Kniabara, Australian tribe, avoidance of names of the dead among the, iii. 351
Kaikolans, a Tamil caste, their dedication of girls to temple service, v. 62
Kail, divination by stolen, at Hallowe'en, x. 234 sq.
Kaimani Bay, in Dutch New Guinea, division of labour between the sexes among the natives of, vii. 123
Kaitish tribe of Central Australia, their ceremony to make grass grow, i. 87 sq. ', burial customs of the, i. 102 ; their treatment of the navel-string, i. 183 ; their rain-making, i. 258 sq. ; their continence at ceremonies to make grass grow, ii. 105 ; their belief as to the shadow of a hawk, iii. 82 ; custom of father after childbirth among the, iii. 295 ; their belief as to falling stars, iv. 60 ; their belief in the reincarna- tion of the dead, v. 99
Kakian association in Ceram, rites of initiation in the, xi. 249 sqq.
Kalahari desert, the Bushmen of the, ii. 218 n.1
Kalamantans, the, of Borneo, their descent from a deer, iv. 126 sq. ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 293 sq.
Kalamba, the, a chief in the Congo region, ceremony observed by subject chiefs on visiting, iii. 114
Kalanga Mountain, in Rhodesia, sacrifice at chief's grave on the, viii. 113
Kalat el Hosn, in Syria, shrine of St. George at, resorted to by childless women, ii. 346, v. 78
/Catau, demons, among the Koryaks, ix.
JOI
Kali, bloodthirsty Indian goddess, in- spired priest of, i. 382 ; used to devour a king a day, iv. 123
Kalids, kaliths, deities in the Pele* Islands, vi. 204 «.4, 207, ix. 81 sq. ; sacred animals of the Pelew Islanders, viii. 293 n.2
Kalingooa, village of Celebes, rain- making at, i. 286
Kalmucks, their consecration of a white ram, viii. 313 sq. ; story of the external soul among the, xi. 142, See also Calmucks
Kalotaszeg in Hungary, continence at sowing at, ii. 105
Kalunga, the supreme god of the Ovambo, vi. 188
Kalw, saying as to wind in corn near, vii. 292
Kamants, a Jewish tribe in Abyssinia, their custom of killing the dying, iv. 12
Kamenagora in Croatia, Midsummer fires at, x. 178
Kami, the Japanese word for god, iii.
2 tt.2
Kamilaroi, the, of New South Wales, tribute of teeth exacted by, i. 101 ; burial custom of the, viii. 99 sq. ; ate livers and hearts of brave men to make themselves brave, viii. 151 ; anointed themselves with the fat of the dead, viii. 162 sq.
Kampot, in Cambodia, i. 170
Kamtchatka, the Italmens of, viii. 173 n.4 ; bear-dance of the women of, viii. 195 ; the tug-of-war in, ix. 178
Kamtchatkans, their ceremony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 312 ; will not mention whales, bears, and wolves by their proper names, iii. 398 ; their attempts to deceive mice, iii. 399 ; their observation of the Great Bear, Pleiades, and Orion, vii. 315 ; offer excuses to bears and other animals which they kill, viii. 222 ; their belief in the resurrection of all creatures, viii. 257 ; stab the eyes of slain bears, viii. 268 sq. ; their fear of demons, ix. 89 ; their purification after a death, xi. 178
Kamui, the Aino equivalent of the Dacotan wakan, viii. 180 ».2 ; Aino name for god, viii. 198
Kanagra, district of India, marriage of images of Siva and Parvatl in, iv. 265 sq.
Kandhs or Khonds. See Khonds
Kangaroo, tooth of, in sympathetic magic, i. 180
Kangaroo fat, men of kangaroo totem anoint themselves with, viii. 165
flesh eaten to make eater swift- footed, viii. 145 ; eaten sacramentally by men of kangaroo totem, viii. 165
GENERAL INDEX
329
Kangaroo totem in Central Australia, viii.
165
Kangaroos, ceremony for the multiplica- tion of, i. 87 sq. ; imitated by dancers, ix. 382
Kangean Archipelago, propitiation of mice to induce them to spare the fields in the, viii. 278 sq.
Kangra district, Punjaub, temporary rajahs in hill states about, iv. 154 ; special burials of infants in the, v. 94 ; "outcaste" Brahmans in the hill states about, ix. 45
mountains in the Punjaub, human
sacrifices to cedar-tree in the, ii. 17
Kanhar river, in Mirzapur, ix. 60
Kaniagmuts of Alaska, uncleanness of whalers among the, iii. 207
Kanna district, Northern Nigeria, the Angass of the, xi. 210
Kanodrs, dairy-temple of the Todas at, iii. 16
Kansas Indians, eat dog's flesh to make them brave, viii. 145
Kantavu, a Fijian island, belief as to earthquakes in, v. 201
Kanytelideis, in Cilicia, v. 158
Kappiliyans of Madura, their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 69
Kapu women of Southern India, their rain-charm by means of a figure of the rain-god, i. 284 n. ; their rain-charm by means of frogs, i. 294
Kapus or Reddis, in Madras Presidency, i. 294
Kara-Bel, in Lydia, Hittite sculpture at, v. 138 «. , 185
-Kirghiz, barren women fertilized
by apple-trees among the, ii. 57
Karaits, a Jewish sect, cover mirrors after a death, iii. 95 ; lock all cup- boards at a death, iii. 309
Karamundi nation of Australia, their rain-making, i. 257
Karels of Finland, sacrifice a lamb on St. Olaf's Day, viii. 258 ».3
Karen-nis of Burma, the, iii. 13. See Karens
Karens or Karennis of Burma, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 209 ; their custom of setting up a village pole every April, ii. 69 sq. ; their custom in regard to fornication and adultery, ii. 107 sq. ; rules observed by chiefs and their mothers among the, iii. 13 ; their recall of the soul, iii. 43; their customs at funerals, iii. 51 ; wizards among the, capture wandering souls of sleepers, iii. 73 ; afraid of passing under a house or a fallen tree, iii. 250 ; their belief as to a spirit in the head, iii. 250 ; foods tabooed to chiefs among
VOL. XII
the, iii. 292 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n.1 ; their way of fanning away ill-luck from children, vii. 10 ; their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, vii. 189 sq. ; their belief in demons, ix. 96 ; their custom at childbirth, xi. 157
Kariera tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to birth of children, v. 105
Karkantzari, fiends or monsters in Macedonia, ix. 320
Karma-tree, ceremony of the Mundas over a, v. 240
Karnak, in Egypt, Ammon-Ra, the lord of, ii. 132 ; sculpture at, vii. 260. See also Carnac
Karneios, a Peloponnesian god mated with Artemis, i. 36
Karo-Battas (Bataks) of Sumatra, their belief as to the afterbirth, i. 193 sq. ; their rain-making ceremony, i. 277 sq. ; apologize to trees for cutting them down, ii. 19 ; their custom at a funeral, iii. 52 ; their custom at cutting a child's hair, iii. 263 ; names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 339 ; their euphemisms for the tiger, iii. 410 ; their custom as to the first sheaf of rice at harvest, vi. 239 ; their custom as to the largest sheaf at rice -harvest, vii. 196. See also Battas
Karok Indians of California, avoid the names of the dead, iii. 352; their lament- ations at hewing sacred wood, vi. 47 sq. \ their ceremonies at catching the first salmon of the season, viii. 255
Karpathos, Greek island, custom of swing- ing in, iv. 284 ; transference of sick- ness to a tree in, ix. 55. See also Carpathus
Kartik, an Indian month, equivalent to October, i. 294
Karunga, the supreme god of the Herero, vi. 186, 187 n,1
Karwar, in Western India, hook-swinging at, iv. 278
Kasai district of the Congo Free State, the Ba-Yakaand Ba-Yanzi of the, i. 348
River, xi. 264
Kasan Government of Russia, the Wot- yaks of the, ix. 156
Kashgar, effigy of ox beaten in spring at, viii. 13
Kashim* assembly-room or dancing- house of the Esquimaux of Bering Strait, viii. 247
Katajalina, an Australian spirit who eats up boys at initiation and restores them to life, xi. 234 sq.
Katikiro, the, of Uganda, iii. 145 n.4
, Baganda term for prime minister,
vi. 168
V
330
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Katodis, their ceremony at felling a tree,
ii. 38 Katoemanggoengan, a lawgiver, born
again in a crocodile, viii. 211 Katrine, Loch, x. 231 Katsina, a Hausa kingdom, custom of
killing infirm kings in, iv. 35 Katzenthal in Baden, charm to make the
hemp grow tall in, i. 138 Kaua Indians of North- Western Brazil,
their masked dances, vii. in, ix. 236,
38i Kauffmann, Professor F., on the Balder
myth, x. 102 n.1, 103 n. ; on the
external soul, xi. 97 n. Kaumpuli, the Baganda god of plague,
ix. 4
Kaupole, a Midsummer pole in Eastern Prussia, xi. 49
Kausika Sutra, ancient Hindoo book of sorcery, i. 209, 229, ix. 192
Kavirondo, the Bantu tribes of, purifica- tion of manslayers among, iii. 176 sq. ; division of agricultural labour between the sexes among, vii. 117 «.a ; believe that skin disease is caused by eating a totemic animal, viii. 26 sq.
, the Ja-Luo tribes of, iii. 79
Kawars of India, their cure for fever, xi. 190
Kaya-Kaya or Tugeri of Dutch New Guinea, their use of bull-roarers, xi. 242 sq.
Kayan family not allowed to cut their hair, iii. 260
Kayans or Bahaus of Central Borneo, vii. 107, 109, in, 234; beat gongs in a storm, i. 328 ; threaten the demons of the storm, i. 330 ; ascribe souls to poison-trees, ii. 17 ; observe a period of penance after building a house, ii. 40 ; sacrifice to the spirits of ironwood trees, ii. 40 ; believe that adultery blights the crops, ii. 109 ; their expia- tion for adultery, ii. 109 ; threaten the demon of thunder, ii. 183 «.2; try to prevent the departure of their souls from their bodies, iii. 32 ; their re- call of lost souls, iii. 47 ; afraid of being photographed, iii. 99 sq. ; their ceremonies at entering a strange land, iii. no ; their custom of seclusion after a journey, iii. 113 ; their belief as to ill-luck of man who touches a loom or women's clothes, iii. 164 sq. ; their custom after killing a panther, iii. 219 ; regard smiths as inspired, iii. 237 ; remove sharp weapons from room at childbirth, iii. 239 ; cut their hair at end of mourning, iii. 286 ; use a special language in searching for cam- phor, iii, 406 ; mock human sacrifices
among the, iv. 218 ; their reasons for taking human heads, v. 294 sq. : their New Year festival, vii. 93, 96 sq. ; their sowing festival, vii. 93 sqq.t in, 186 sq. ; their ceremonies in connexion with rice, vii. 93 sqq., 186 sqq. , viii. 54 sq., 184 sqq. ; their games played at sowing festival, vii. 94 sqq., 187 ; their ob- servation of the sun, vii. 314 ; their observation of th^ Pleiades, vii. 314 «.4 ; their custom as to eating venison, viii. 144 ; their belief in transmigra- tion, viii. 293 ; throw sticks or stones at evil spirits, ix. 19 ; stretch ropes round their houses to keep off demons, ix. 154 n.\ their masked dances, ix. 236, 382 sq. ; their priestesses not allowed to step on the ground at certain rites, x. 4 sq. \ custom observed by them after a funeral, xi. 175 sq. ; their way of giving the slip to a demon, xi. 179 sq.
Kayans of the Mahakam river, vii. 186
of the Mendalam river, vii. 97, 98
Keadrol, a Toda clan, vi. 228
Keating, Geoffrey, Irish historian, on the Hallowe'en fire- festival of the Irish Druids, x. 139 ; on the Beltane fires, x. 158 sq.
Keating, W. H. , on the seclusion of menstruous women among the Pota- watomis, x. 89
Keats, John, his sonnet to the Evening Star, i. 1 66
Keb (Geb or Seb), Egyptian earth-god, father of Osiris, v. 6, 283 «.3, ix.
34i
fCedeshim, sacred men, at Jerusalem, v. 17 sq. ; among the Western Semites, v. 38 n. , 59, 72, 107; in relation to prophets, v. 76
Kedeshoth, sacred women, among the Western Semites, v. 59, 72, 107
Kei Islanders, their belief in the homoeo- pathic magic of creepers, i. 145 ; their charm to ensure trading profits, i. 152 ; their treatment of the navel- string, i. 186 ; dance for wind, i. 321 ; their offerings at graves, iii. 53
Islands, magical telepathy in the,
i. 126 ; telepathy in war in the, i. 130 ; custom as to children's cast* teeth in the, i. 179 ; fire maintained during absence of voyagers in the, ii. 265 ; offerings of first-fruits in the, vii. 123 ; expulsion of demons in the, ix. 112 sq. ; birth-custom in the, xi. 155
river, in South Africa, heaps of
stones on the banks of the, ix. n
Keisar, an East Indian island, avoidance
of graves at night in, iii. 53 Keitele, Lake, in Finland, first-fruits of
GENERAL INDEX
331
harvest offered to in old fir-tree on,
xi. 165 Kekchi Indians of Guatemala, their
period of abstinence before sowing, li.
105 ; their respect for serpents, viii.
219 ; their propitiation of dead deer,
viii. 241
Kelah, Karen word for soul, vii. 189 sq. Kells in Ireland, iv. 99 ; St. Columba
at, ii. 243 w.1
Kemble, J. M. , on need-fire, x. 288 Kemosh, god of Moab, v. 15 Kemping, contest between reapers in
Scotland, vii. 152 Ktna daulat, killed by the sanctity
(daulat] of a Malay king, i. 398 Kengtung, a Shan state of Upper Burma,
worship of a lake-spirit in, ii. 150 sq. ;
expulsion of the demons of sickness
in, ix. 116 sq. Kennedy, Prof. As R. S. , on Azazel and
the scapegoat, ix. 210 «.4 Kennett, Professor R. H., on David and
Goliath, v. 19 n.2 • on Elisha in the
wilderness, v. 53 n.1 ; on kedeshim, v.
73 n.} ; on the sacrifice of first-born
children at Jerusalem, vi. 219 ; on the
eating of mice by the Jews, viii. 24 n.1 Kent, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i.
168 ; the Weald of, ii. 7 ; May gar- lands in, ii. 62 ; the Ivy Girl in, vii.
153 Kent's Hole, near Torquay, fossil bones
in, v. 153 Kenyahs of Borneo, their use of magical
images, i. 59 sq. ; set up images of a
god at the doors of houses, ii. 385 ;
their recall of the soul, in. 43 sq. ;
their ceremony at entering a strange
land, iii. no sq. ; their tabooed words,
iii. 415 sq. of Sarawak, their observation of the
sun, vii. 314 Keonjhur, ceremony at installation of
Rajah of, iv. 56 Kerak in Palestine, rain-making at, i.
276 Keramin tribe of New South Wales, their
rain-making by means of a stone, i.
304
Keremet, a god of the Wotyaks, cere- mony to propitiate, ii. 145 sq. Kerr, Miss, of Port Charlotte, Islay, on
the harvest Cailleach, vii. 166 Kerre, a tribe to the south of Abyssinia,
accustomed to strangle their first-born
children, iv. 181 sq. Kerry, Midsummer fires in, x. 203 Kers, Robert, healed by witchcraft, ix.
38 sq. Kersavondbloki the Yule log, in Flanders,
x. 249
Kersmisntot, the Yule log, at Grammont, x. 249
Ketane, river in Basutoland, mythical snake at waterfall on the, ii. 157
Ketosh warriors of British East Africa, their custom after battle, iii. 176
Kettles used to mimic thunder, i. 310
Kevlaar, Virgin Mary of, i. 77
Key as symbol of delivery in childbed, iii. 296
of the field, vii. 226
"Key-race" at a marriage in Bavaria, ii. 304
Keys as charms against devils and ghosts, iii. 234, 235, 236 ; as amulets, iii. 308. See also Locks
, the golden, used by St. George to
open the earth in spring, ii. 333
Keysser, Ch., on belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 96 sq. \ on games and stories as means of pro- moting the crops among the Kai, vii. 101 sq.
Khai-muh, kingdom to the west of Ton- quin, first-born sons said to be de- voured in, iv. 1 80
Khalij, old canal at Cairo, vi. 38
Khambu caste in Sikkhim, their custom after a funeral, xi. 18
Khan, ceremony at visiting a Tartar, iii. 114
, the Great, his blood not to be spilt
on ground, iii. 242
Khandh priest, his charm to bestow off- spring on a barren woman, ii. 1 60
Khangars of the Central Provinces, India, bridegroom and his father dressed as women at a marriage among the, vi. 261
Kharwars of Northern India, will not name certain animals in the morning, iii. 402 sq. ; their use of scapegoats, ix. 192 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 84
Khasis of Assam, their treatment of the placenta, i. 194 ; their belief as to the disastrous effects of marrying a woman of the same clan, ii. 114 n.1 ; their system of mother-kin, ii. 294, v. 46, vi. 202 sq. ; succession to the kingdom among the, ii. 294 sq., vi. 210 n.1 ; goddesses predominate over gods in their religion, vi. 203 sq. ; their tribes governed by kings, not queens, vi. 210 ; their annual expulsion of demon of plague, ix. 173 sq. ; story of the ex- ternal soul told by the, x. 146 sq.
Khasiyas, the, of India, their worship of village deities, ii. 288 n.1
Khatris, a caste in the Punjaub, perform funeral rites for a father in the fifth
332
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
month of his wife's pregnancy, iv. 189
Khent, early king of the first dynasty in Egypt, vi. 154; his reign, vi. 19 sq. ; his tomb at Abydos, vi. 19 sqq. ; his tomb identified with that of Osiris, vi. 20, 197
Khenti-Amenti, title of Osiris, vi. 87, 198 «.2, vii. 260
Khlysti, the, a Russian sect, abhor mar- riage, iv. 196 w.8
Khnoumou or Khnumu, Egyptian god, with his potter's wheel, ii. 132, 133 ; fashions a wife for Bata, xi. 135
Khoiak, festival of Osiris in the month of, vi. 86 sqq. , 108 sq.
Khon-ma, a Tibetan goddess, mistress of foul fiends, viii. 96
Khonds or Khands of India, their sacred groves, ii. 41 ; rebirth of ancestors among the, iii. 368 sq. ; their human sacrifices for the crops, iv. 139, vii. 245 sqq. , xi. 286 «.2 ; their annual expulsion of demons at seed-time, ix. 138, 234 ; their treatment of human victims, ix. 259
Khor-Adar Dinka, the, their custom of strangling their rain-makers, iv. 33
Khyrim State, in Assam, importance of the priestess in, v. 46 ; governed by a High Priestess, vi. 203
Kia blacks of Queensland, their treatment of girls at puberty, x. 39
Kia- King, Chinese emperor, his punish- ment of the rain-dragon, i. 297 sq.
Kiang-si, Chinese province, Dragon and Tiger Mountains in, i. 413 sq.
Kibanga, on the Upper Congo, kings of, put to death, iv. 34
Kibuka, the war-god of the Baganda, a dead man, vi. 197 ; his personal relics preserved at Cambridge, vi. 197
KiE tribe, of the Upper Nile, ventrilo- quist as chief of the, i. 347
Kickapoo Indians, iii. 171 ; their cus- toms before going to war, iii. 163 #.a
Kid, surname of Dionysus, vii. 17
Kidd, Dudley, on use made of twins by Zulus in war, i. 49 «.8 ; on chiefs as rain-makers in South Africa, i. 350 ; on the fire-drill of the Caffres, ii. 210 sq. ; on female ghosts among the Bantu peoples, ii. 224 «.4 ; as to Caffre belief about the shadows of trees, iii. 82 ; on Caffre belief as to shadows, iii. 88 n. ; on the worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantus of South Africa, vi. 177 sqq. ; on external souls of chiefs, xi. 156 «.2
Kidneys tabooed to Malagasy soldiers, i. 117 sq.
Kiel, the corn-spirit as a cat at, vii. 280
Kigelia africana, used in kindling fire
by friction, ii. 210 Kikuyu, the, of British East Africa, their
observation of the Pleiades, vii. 317.
See Akikuyu Kilchrennan, on Loch Awe, vii. 165,
166 Kildare, fire and nuns of St. Brigit in,
ii. 240 sq. ; the church of, ii. 363 ;
Midsummer fires in, x. 203 Kilema, in East Africa, strangers doctored
before being admitted to see the king
at, iii. 114 sq. Kilimanjaro, the Wajaggas of, i. 250
, Mount, attempted ascent of, iii. 103
Kilkenny, Midsummer fires in, x. 203 Killer of the Elephant, official who
throttles sick kings, iv. 35 11 of the Rye- woman," name given
to the cutter of the last rye, vii. 223,
224 Killin, in Perthshire, the hill of the fires
at, x. 149 Killing the spirit of the wind, i. 328 ;
the divine king, iv. 8 sqq. ; the corn- spirit, vii. 216 sqq. ; the divine animal,
viii. 169 sqq. ; a totem animal, xi.
220 ; the novice and bringing him to life again at initiation, pretence of, xi. 225 sqq.
a god, ix. i; in the hunting, pastoral,
and agricultural stages of society, iv.
221 ; in the form of an animal, vii. 22 sq. \ two types of the custom of, viii. 312 sq. ; in Mexico, ix. 275 sqq.
the tree-spirit, iv. 205 sqq. ; a means
to promote the growth of vegetation, iv. 211 sq.
Kilmainham, perpetual fire in the monas- tery of, ii. 241 sq.
Kilmarnock, mode of cutting the last corn near, vii. 279
Kilmartin, in Argyleshire, the harvest Maiden at, vii. 156
Kiln, the fire of a, called by special name,
iii. 395
Kimbugwe, minister in charge of the king of Uganda's navel-string, i. 196
Kimbunda, the, of West Africa, their cannibalism at accession of new king, viii. 152
Kincardineshire, Midsummer fires in, x. 206
King, J. E., on infant burial, i. 105 «.4, v. 91 «.8
King, torn to pieces by horses, i. 366 ; gives oracles, i. 377 ; not to be over- shadowed, iii. 83 ; his life sympathetic' ally bound up with the prosperity of the country, iv. 21, 27, xi. i sq. ; slaying of the, in legend, iv. 120 sqq. ; responsible for the weather and crops, iv. 165:
GENERAL INDEX
333
abdicates on the birth of a son, iv. 190 ; at Whitsuntide, pretence of beheading the, iv. 209 sq. ; a masker at Carnival called the, vi. 99, vii. 28 sq. ; eats of new fruits before his people, vih. 63, 70 ; first-fruits presented to the, viii. 109, 116, 122; so called, at Carcassone, vni. 320 sq. } mock or temporary, ix. 151, 403 sq. ; beaten at his inauguration in ancient India, ix. 263 ; assembly for determining the fate of the, ix. 356 ; nominal, chosen at Midsummer, x. 194, xi. 25 ; presides at summer bon- fire, xi. 38. See also Kings
King and Queen at Athens, i. 44 sq. ; on Whit -Monday near Koniggratz, ii. 89 ; at Whitsuntide in Silesia, ii. 89 sq.
and Queen of May, ix. 406 j at
Halford, in Warwickshire, ii. 88 ; at Grenoble, ii. 90 ; marriage of, iv. 266
and Queen of Roses at Grammont,
x. 195
King, the Grass, at Whitsuntide, ii. 85 sq.
, the Leaf, on Whit-Monday, ii. 85
, the Roman, as Jupiter, ii. 174 sqq.
King of the Bean, ix. 313 sqq. , x. 153 «.3 ; at Merton College, Oxford, ix. 332
of the Calf, vii. 290
of Fire in Cambodia, ii. 3 sqq. , iii.
17, iv. 14
of the harvesters, vii. 294
of the Jinn, death of the, iv. 8
of the Night at Porto Novo, iii. 23
of Rain at Poona in India, i. 275 ;
on the Upper Nile, ii. 2
of Rain and Storm at mouth of the
Congo, ii. 2
of the Rice in Sumatra, vii. 197
of Sacred Rites at Rome, i. 44, ii.
179, 201 ; exhorted to be watchful, ii. 265 ; the successor of the old Roman king, ii. 266 ; nominated by the chief pontiff, ii. 296 ; his flight, ii. 309 ; of the Sacred Rites in other Latin towns, i. 44, 44 ».*, ii. 266
of the Saturnalia, ii. 311, ix. 308,
3«. 3*2
of Summer chosen on St. Peter's
Day, x. 195
— • — of Tyre, his walk on stones of fire, v. 114 sq.
•. of Uganda, his navel-string pre- served and inspected every new moon, vi. 147 sq. See Baganda and Uganda
- — of Water in Cambodia, ii. 3 sqq. , iii. 17, iv. 14
• of the Wood at Nemi, i. i sqq. ,
ii. i, 378^^., iv. 28, 205 sq. , 212^^.; put to death, i. n, x. 2 ; a mate of Diana, i. 40, 41, ii. 380; representative of Virbius, i. 40 sq. , ii. 129 ; a personi-
fication of the oak-god Jupiter, ii. 378 sqq. , xi. 302 sq. ; perhaps a successor of the Alban dynasty of the Sylvii, ii. 379 ; compared to the Whitsuntide mummers, iv. 212 sqq. ; in the Arician grove a personification of an oak- spirit, xi. 285. See also Priest of Nemi King of the Years at Lhasa, ix. 220, 221 King Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, i. 47«.a, ii. 135 W-
Hop in Siam, iv. 149, 151
King George's Sound, influence of medi- cine-men among the tribes of, i. 336 ; namesakes of the dead change their names among the tribes of, iii. 355 King's brothers put to death on his accession, iii. 243
College, Cambridge, Boy Bishop
at, ix. 338
County, Ireland, hurling-matches
for brides in, ii. 305 sq.
daughter offered as prize in a race,
iv. 104
disease, palsy called the, i. 371
Evil (scrofula), iii. 134 ; touching
for the, i. 368 sqq.
hearth, oath by the, ii. 265
jawbone preserved, i. 196, iv. 200
sq. , vi. 167 sq.t 169 sq. , 171 sq. name changed in time of drought,
i- 355
Race at Whitsuntide, ii. 84
skull, priest drinks beer out of, as
means of inspiration, in Uganda, iv.
200, viii. 150 son, sacrifice of the, iv. 160 sqq.t
vii. 13, 24 sq.
widow, succession to the throne
through marriage with, iv. 193
Kingaru, clan of the Wadoe in German East Africa, xi. 313
Kingdom, in ancient Latium, succession to, ii. 266 sqq. ; the prize of a race, ii. 299 sqq., iv. 103; mortal combat for the, ii. 322. See also Kingship and Succession
Kinglake, A. W. , on the great Servian forest, ii. 237 n.1
Kings, magicians as, i. 332 sqq. ; ex- pected to give rain, i. 348, 350, 351 sq., 353, 356, 392 sq., 396 ; punished for drought and dearth, i. 353 sqq. ; among the Aryans, magical powers attributed to, i. 366 sqq. ; often the lineal successors of magicians or medicine-men, i. 371 ; the divinity of, i. 372 ; worshipped and consulted as oracles, i. 388 ; as gods in India, i. 403 ; sacrifices offered to, i. 417 ; temples built in honour of, i. 417 ; of nature, ii. i sqq. ; of rain, ii. 2 ; ex- pected to make thunder, ii. 180 sq. \
334
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
perpetual fire in houses of, ii. 261 sq. ; paternity of, a matter of indifference under female kinship, ii. 274 sqq. ; sometimes of a different race from their subjects, ii. 288 sq. ; chosen from several royal families in rotation, ii. 292 sqq. ; fat, ii. 297; handsomest men, ii. 297 ; long-headed, ii. 297 ; super- natural powers attributed to, iii. i ; their lives regulated by exact rules, iii. i sqq. , 101 sq. \ taboos observed by, iii. 8 sqq. ; beaten before their coronation, iii. 18 ; forbidden to see their mothers, iii. 86 ; portraits of, not stamped on coins, iii. 98 sq. ; guarded against the magic of stran- gers, iii. 114 sq. ; forbidden to use foreign goods, iii. 115 ; not to be seen eating and drinking, ni. 117 sqq. ; con- cealed by curtains, iii. 120 sq. ; forbidden to leave their palaces, iii. 122 sqq. ; compelled to dance, iii. 123 ; punished or put to death, ni. 124 ; not to be touched, iii. 132, 225 sq. ; their hair unshorn, iii. 258 sq.\ foods tabooed to, iii. 291 sq. ; names of, tabooed, iii. 374 sqq. ; taboos observed by, identical with those observed by commoners, iii. 419 sq. t killed when their strength fails, iv. 14 sqq. ; regarded as incarnations of a divine spirit, iv. 21, 26 sq.; attacks on, permitted, iv. 22, 48 sqq. ; killed at the end of a fixed term, iv. 46 sqq. ; related to sacred animals, iv. 82,84^^. ; personating dragons or serpents, iv. 82 ; addressed by names of animals, iv. 86 ; with a dragon or serpent crest, iv. 105 ; legends of, the custom of slaying, iv. 1.20 sqq. ; the supply of, iv. 134 sqq. ; abdicate annually, iv. 148 ; as lovers of a goddess, v. 49 sq. ; held responsible for the weather and the crops, v. 183 ; marry their sisters, v. 316 ; slaughter human victims with their own hands, vi. 97 «.7 ; torn in pieces, traditions of, vi. 97 sq. ; human sacrifices to pro- long the life of, vi. 220 sq. , 223 sqq. ; trace of custom of slaying them annu- ally, vii. 254 sq. ; eat of new fruits before their subjects, viii. 63, 70 ; magistrates at Olympia called, ix. 352 ; marry the wives and concubines of their predecessors, ix. 368
Kings and chiefs tabooed, iii. 131 sqq. \ their spittle guarded against sorcerers, iii. 289 sq.
•' and magicians dismembered and their bodies buried in different parts of the country to fertilize it, vi. 101 sq.
and priests, their sanctity analogous
to the uncleanness of women at men- struation, x. 97 sq.
Kings, dead, worshipped in Africa, iv. 24
sq., vi. 1 60 sqq., 191 sqq. ; turn into
lions, leopards, pythons, etc. , iv. 84 ;
reincarnate in lions, v. 83 n.1, viii. 288 ;
sacrifices offered to, vi. 162, 166 sq. ;
incarnate in animals, vi. 162, 163^.,
173; consulted as oracles, vi. 167, 171.
172, 195 ; human sacrifices to, vi. 173 , divinity of Babylonian, i. 417
sq. ; of Egyptian, i. 418 sq. See also
Divinity , English, touch for scrofula, i. 368
sqq. fetish or religious, in West Africa,
iii. 22 sqq. , Hebrew, traces of divinity ascribed
to, v. 20 sqq. , the Latin, thought to be the sons
of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii.
195 sqq. See also Latin , priestly, i. 44 sqq. , v. 42 ; of
Sheba, iii. 125 n. ; of the Nubas, iii.
132
, Roman, as deities in a Sacred
Marriage, ii. 172 sq., 192, 193 sq. ; costumed like Jupiter, ii. 174 sqq. ; as public rain-makers, ii. 183 ; as per- sonifications of Jupiter, ii. 266 sq. \ as personifications of Saturn, ii. 311, 322. See also Roman
, sacred or divine, in great historical
empires, i. 415 sqq. ; development of, ii. 376 sqq. ; of the Shilluk, iv. 17 sqq. ; Semitic, v. 15 sqq. ; Lydian, v. 182 sqq. ; put to death, x. i sq. ; subject to taboos, x. 2
, Shilluk, divine, iv. 17 sqq. ; put to
death before their strength fails, iv. 21 sq. , vi. 163
, temporary, iv. 148 sqq. ;' their
divine or magical functions, iv. 155 sqq.
, Teutonic, i. 47
, the Three, on Twelfth Day, ix. 329
sqq.
Kings of the Barotse worshipped after death, vi. 193 sqq.
of Dahomey and Benin represented
partly in animal shapes, iv. 85 sq.
of Egypt worshipped as gods, v.
52 ; buried at Abydos, vi. 19 ; perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, vi. 97 sq., 102 ; as Osiris, vi. 151 sqq. ; renew their life by identifying them- selves with the dead and risen Osiris, vi. 153 sq. ; born again at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 156 sq. ; perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, vi. 154^., 156
of Fire and Water in Cambodia, h.
3 sqq. , iii. 17, iv. 14
of France touch for scrofula, i. 370
GENERAL INDEX
335
Kings in Greece, titular or sacred, i. 44 sqq. ; called Zeus, ii. 177, 361
of Sweden answerable for the fer- tility of the ground, i. 366 sq. , vi. 220 ; sons of Swedish king sacrificed, iv. i6oj^., vi. 220
of Uganda, dead, consulted as
oracles, i. 196, iv. 200 sq.t vi. 171 sq. ; their life bound up with barkcloth trees, xi. 160. See Baganda and Uganda
Kings, The Epic of, Firdusi's, x. 104
Kings' fire, the, ii. 195 sqq.
Race, the, ii. 84
sisters, licence accorded to, ii. 274
sqq.
wives turned at death into leopards,
viii. 288
Kingship, an annual office in some Greek states, i. 46; evolution of the sacred, i. 420 sq. ; contest for the, at Whitsun- tide, ii. 89 ; burdens and restrictions attaching to the early, iii. i sqq. , 17 sqq. , iv. 135 j octennial tenure of the, iv. 58 sqq. ; triennial tenure of the, iv. 112 sq. ; annual tenure of the, iv. 113 sqq. ; diurnal tenure of the, iv. 118 sq. ; modern type of, different from the ancient, iv. 135 ; under mother-kin, rules as to succession to the, vi. 210 n.1 ; mock, at the Saturnalia, ix. 308
in Africa under mother-kin inherited
by men, not women, vi. 211
, descent of the, in the female line,
at Rome, ii. 270 sqq. \ in Africa, ii. 274 sqq. \ in Greece, ii. 277 sq. ; in Scan- dinavia, ii. 279 sq. ; in Lydia, ii. 281 sq. ; among the Danes and Saxons, ii. 282 sq.
, double, at Sparta, ii. 290 ; traces
of, at Rome, ii. 290
, nominal, left by conquerors to
indigenous race, ii. 288 sq.
, Roman, abolition of the, ii. 289
sqq. ; a religious office, ii. 289 ; a plebeian institution, v. 45
Kingsley, Miss Mary H. , on reincarna- tion of the dead in Nigeria, i. 411 n.1 ; on fetish kings in West Africa, iii. 22 ; on soul- traps in West Africa, iii. 71 ; on the confinement of the king of Benin to his palace, iii. 123 «.2; on negro notions as to blood, iii. 251 ; on custom of killing chief, iv. 119 if.1; on secret burial of chiefs head, vi. 104; on West African belief in demons, ix. 74 ; on the periodic ex- pulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 n.1 ; on external or bush souls, xi. 204 sq. ; on rites of initiation in West Africa, xi. 259
Kingsmill Islanders, their belief as to falling stars, iv. 64
Kingsmill Islands, first-fruits offered to a god in the, viii. 127 sq.
Kingussie, in Inverness-shire, Beltane cakes at, x. 153
Kinnor, a lyre, v. 52
Kinross, custom of "dumping" at harvest in, vii. 227
Kinship of men with crocodiles, viii. 212 sq., 214 sq. ; of men with tigers, viii. 216 ; created by the milk-tie, xi. 138 n.1
Kuitu, the first man in Uganda, ii. 261
Kintyre, the last corn cut called the Old Wife in, vii. 142
Kioga Lake in Central Africa, ix. 246
Kiowa Indians, their treatment of the navel-string, i. 198 ; relations of the dead change their names among the, iii- 357 I changes in their language caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 360 sq.
Kirauea, volcano in Hawaii, v. 216 sq. ; divinities of, v. 217 ; offerings to, v. 217 sqq.
Kirchmeyer, Thomas, author of Regnttm Papisticum, x. 124, 125 n.1 ; his account of Easter customs, x. 124 sq.t of Midsummer customs, x. 162 sq.
Kirghiz, "Love Chase" among the, ii. 301 ; divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 «.4 ; games in honour of the dead among the, iv. 97 ; their story of girl who might not see the sun, x. 74
women will not pronounce names
of their husbands' older relations, iii. 337
Kiriwina, one of the Trobriand Islands, annual festival of the dead in, v. 56 ; snakes as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 84 ; presentation of children to the full moon in, vi. 144 ; annual expulsion of spirits in, ix. 134
Kirk Andreas, in the Isle of Man, x. 306
Kirkland, Rev. Mr., on Iroquois sacri- fice of white dogs, ix. 210
Kirkmichael, in Perthshire, Beltane fires and cakes at, x. 153
Kirn or kern, last corn cut, vii. 151, 152 sqq. ; name of the harvest-supper, vii 158, 162 «.3
baby, vii. 151, 153
doll, vii. 151, 153, 154
-supper, vii. 154
Kirton Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, witch as cat at, x. 318 ; medical use of mistletoe at, xi. 84 Kirwaido, ruler of the old Prussians, iv.
4i
Kisavaccha, an Indian ascetic, ix. 41 Kisser, East Indian island, worship of a
measuring- tape in, iii. 91 sq.
336
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Kit-fox skin in rain-making, i. 288
Kitching, Rev. A. L. , on the use of bells to exorcize the storm fiend, ix. 246 sq. ; on cure for lightning stroke, xi. 298 ».2
Kites, artificial, used to drive away the devil, ix. 4 ; paper, flown as scape- goats, ix. 203
Kiwai or Kiwaii, an island off New Guinea, vii. 106; intercourse of men with their wives before going to war in, iii. 164 n.1 ; magic for the growth of sago in, vi. 101 ; use of bull-roarers in, vii. 106, xi. 232
Kiziba, district of Central Africa, dead kings worshipped in, vi. 173 sq. \ totemism in, vi. 173 ; women's agri- cultural work in, viii. 118 sq. ; purifi- cation for the slaughter of a serpent in, vni. 219 sq, ; theory of the after- birth in, xi. 162 w.a
Klallam Indians of Washington State not allowed to bear names of deceased paternal ancestors, iii. 354 ; prohibi- tion to name the dead in the, iii. 365
Klamath Indians of Oregon, their theory of the waning moon, vi. 130
River, in California, viii. 255
Klausenburg, in Transylvania, cock killed on harvest-field at, vii. 278
Kleintitschen, A., on the fear of demons in New Britain, ix. 82 sq.
Kleptomania, cure for, by means of spiders and crabs, ix. 34
Kling or Klieng, a mythical hero of the Dyaks, ix. 383, 384 n.1
Kloo, in the Queen Charlotte Islands, restrictions imposed on girls at puberty at, x. 45
Kloppel (mallet), at threshing, vii. 148
Kloxin, near Stettin, the last sheaf called the Old Man at, vii. 220
Knawel, St. John's blood on root of, xi. 56
Knife as charm against spirits, iii. 232, 233» 234» 235 I adapted for religious suicide, iv. 55 n.1; divination by, x. 241 ; soul of child bound up with, xi. 157. See also Knives
" , Darding," honorific totem of the
Carrier Indians, xi. 273, 274 sq.
Knives in homoeopathic magic, i. 158 ; thrown at the wind, i. 329 ; not to be left edge upwards, iii. 238 ; not used at funeral banquets, iii. 238 ; of special pattern used in reaping rice, vii. 184 ; under the threshold, a protection against witches, ix. 162. See also Knife
Knocking out of teeth as initiatory cere- mony in Australia, i. 97 sqq.
Knot, the Gordian, iii. 316 sq.
Knots, tying up the wind in, i. 326 ; prohibition to wear, iii. 13 ; untied at childbirth, iii. 294, 296 Jy., 297 sq, ;
thought to prevent the consummation of marriage, iii. 299 sqq. \ thought to cause sickness, disease, and all kinds of misfortune, iii. 301 sqq. ; used to cure disease, ni. 303 sqq. ; used to win a lover or capture a runaway slave, iii.
305 sq. ; used as protective amulets, iii.
306 sqq. ; used as charms by hunters and travellers, iii. 306 ; as a charm to protect corn from devils, iii. 308 sq. ; magical virtue of, iii. 309 sq., 312; on corpses untied, iii. 310 ; in a string as a cure for warts, ix. 48 ; tied in branches of trees as remedies, ix. 56^.
Knots and locks, magical virtue of, iii.
310. 3J3
and rings tabooed, iii. 293 sqq,
Knotted thread in magic, ix. 48 Knowledge, the disinterested pursuit of,
i. 218 Kobeua Indians of North- Western Brazil,
their masked dances, vii. in, ix.
236 ; their way of sharpening their
sight, viii. 164 Kobi, village in Ceram, first-fruits of rice
offered to the dead at, viii. 123 Kobongt totem, in Western Australia, xi.
219 sq. Koch-Griinberg, Th. , on observation of
the Pleiades among the Brazilian In- dians, vii. 122 n.1 ; on the masked
dances of the Indians of North- Western
Brazil, ix. 382 Kochs or Kocchs of North-Eastern India,
succession to husband's property among
the, vi. 215 n.2 ; offer first-fruits to
their ancestors, viii. 116 Koepang, in Timor, sacrifice to croco- diles in, ii. 152 Kdken and KAhin, soothsayer rather than
priest in ancient Arabia, i. 230 n. Kohler, Joh., lights need-fire and burnt
as a witch, x. 270 sq. Kohler, Reinhold, on the external soul
in folk-tales, xi. 97 n. Kohlerwinkel, near Augsburg, the last
standing corn called the Sow at, vii.
298 Kois of Southern India, infant burial
among the, v. 95 Koita, the, of British New Guinea,
seclusion of manslayers among, iii.
1 68 sq. Kolelo, in East Africa, ghost of sorcerer
at, xi. 313 Kolem, in German New Guinea, magical
powers ascribed to a chief of, i. 338 Kolkodoons of Queensland, their custom
at circumcision, i. 93 Kollmann, P. , on sultans responsible for
rain, i. 353 Kols of North India will not speak of
GENERAL INDEX
337
beasts of prey by their proper names,
iii. 403 Kolvagat, village in New Britain, magical
stone figures supposed to control the
plantations at, ii. 148 Komatis of Mysore, their worship of
serpents, v. 81 sq.
Kon-Meney in Cochin China, trans- formation of man into toad at, viii.
291 Kondes, of Lake Nyassa, avoidance of
husband's father among the, iii. 336
sq. Kondhs, their belief in reincarnation,
i. 104 Koniags of Alaska, magical telepathy
among the, i. 121 ; their magical uses
of the bodies of the dead, vi. 106 Koniggratz district of Bohemia, King and
Queen on Whit- Monday in village of
the, ii. 89 ; beheading the Whitsuntide
king on Whit-Monday in the, iv.
209 sq.
Komgshain, in Silesia, custom of " Driv- ing out Death" at, iv. 264 sq. Konkan, Southern, mode of getting rid
of cholera in, ix. 191 sq. Konkaus of California, their dance of
the dead, vi. 53 Konz on the Moselle, custom of rolling
a burning wheel down hill at, x. 118,
163 sq., 337*7- Kooboos of Sumatra, their theory of the
afterbirth and navel-string, xi. 162 n.'2 Koochee, a demon in Australia, i. 331 Kookies of Cachar, in India, marriage
custom of the, i. 160 «.8 Koossa Caffres, customs observed by
manslayers among the, iii. 186 n.1 Koppenwal, church of St. Corona at, xi.
1 88 sq.
Koragia at Mantinea, vii. 46 ».a Koran on magical knots, iii. 302 ; pass- ages of, used as charms, iii. 305 sq. ,
x. 1 8. See also Coran Kore, Maiden, title of Persephone, vii.
208 Kore expelled on Easter Eve in Albania,
iv. 265, ix. 157 Korkus, the, of the Central Provinces,
India, transfer sickness by means of
a loin-cloth, ix. 7 Korong, human god, in the Pelew Islands,
i. 389 Korwas, of Bengal, division of labour
between men and women among the,
vii. 123 ; of Mirzapur, their use of
scapegoats, ix. 192 Koryaks, of North-Eastern Asia, sacred
fire-boards of the, ii. 225 ; race for a
bride among the, ii. 302 ; their mode
of detaining the souls of the dying, iii.
32 sq. ; voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13; their ceremonies at killing bears, wolves, and foxes, viii. 223 ; their cere- monies at the slaughter of whales, viii. 232 sqq. ; propitiate the foxes which they kill, viii. 244 ; their belief in demons, ix. 100 sq. ; expulsion of demons among the, ix. 126 sq. ; their festivals of the dead and subsequent purification, xi. 178 ; their custom in time of pestilence, xi. 179
Koshchei the Deathless, Russian story of, xi. 1 08 sqq.
Kosio, a dedicated person among the Ewe -speaking peoples of the Slave Coast, v. 65, 66, 68
Koskimo Indians of British Columbia, mourning customs of the, iii. 144 ; their cannibal rites, vii. 20 n. ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n.
Kosti, in Thrace, carnival customs at, vi. 99 sq. , vii. 28 sq.
Kostroma, funeral of, in Russia, iv. 261 sqq.
Kostroma, district of Russia, the buri.il of Yarilo in, iv. 262 sq.
Kostrubonko, funeral of, at Easter in Russia, iv. 261
Kot, a mythical being of New Britain, in. 384
Kota Gadang, in Sumatra, rain-charm at, i. 308 sq.
Kotas, a tribe of Southern India, their priests not allowed to be widowers, vi. 230
Kotchene, a Chukchee chief, sacrificed in time of pestilence, i. 367 n.1
Kotedougou, in West Africa, annual dances of disguised men at, ix. 136 n.1
Kothluwalawa, a sacred lake of the Zuni, viii. 179
Kou or Koo, Esthonian thunder-god, ii. 367 n.*
Koui hunters in Laos, why they ham- string game, viii. 267
Koukoura, in Elis, swinging on St. George's Day at, iv. 283
Kowraregas, the, of the Prince of Wales Islands, avoidance of parents-in-law among, iii. 346 ; changes of vocabu- lary among, caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358 sq.
Krajina, in Servia, divination on St. George's Day at, ii. 345
Krapf, Dr. J. L., on a reported custom of sacrificing first-born sons in East Africa, iv. 183 n.1
Krautweihe, the blessing of the herbs, on August 1 5th in Germany, i. 15 «.2
Kreemer, J. , on the fear of the dead among the Looboos of Sumatra, xi. 182 sq.
Kretschmer, Professor P., on native
338
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
population of Cyprus, v. 145 «.8 ; on Cybele and Attis, v. 287 ».a
Kreutzburg, in East Prussia, the harvest Goat at, vii. 282
Kriml, in the Tyrol, custom of throwing stones into the waterfall of, ix. 26 n.1
Krishna, Hindoo god, his incarnation Govindji, i. 284 ; his images swung in swings, i. 406 ; thought to be incarnate in the Maharajas, i. 406 ; annually married to the Holy Basil (tulasi], li. 26 ; his wife Rukmmi, ii. 26 ; festival of swinging in honour of, iv. 279 ; worshipped by men who assimilate themselves to women, vi. 254
Kroeber, A. L. , on the seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of Cali- fornia, x. 41 sq.
Krooben, a malevolent spirit among the Kamilaroi, viii. 100
Kruijt, A. C. , on superstition as to written names, iii. 319 ; on the custom of naming parents after their children, iii. 333 n..6 ; on head -hunting, v. 296 n.1 ; on the Indonesian concep- tion of the rice-soul, vii. 182 sq. ; on Toradja custom as to the working of iron, xi. 154 n.3
Kruman, his anxiety about his dream- soul, iii. 71
Kru - men of West Africa die from imagination, iii. 136 sq. \ personal names concealed among the, iii. 322 sq.
Kshetrpal, a Himalayan deity, viii. 117
Kshira, a village of Bengal, knife for religious suicide at, iv. 55 «.*
Ku-yung, city in China, precautions against an evil spirit in, iii. 239
Kuar, an Indian month, vi. 144, ix. 181
Kubary, J. , on the system of mother-kin among the Pelew Islanders, vi. 204 sqq. ; on the gods of the Pelew Islanders, ix. 81 sq.
Kublai Khan, his mode of executing a royal criminal, iii. 242
Kudulu, a hill tribe of India, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 244
Kuei-Ki, in China, i. 414
Kuel, whale-festival of the Koryaks at, viii. 232
Kuga, an evil spirit in Slavonia, expelled by fire, x. 282
Kuhn, Adalbert, on need-fire, x. 273 ; on Midsummer fire, x. 335 ; on the divining-rod, xi. 67
Kiihnau, R., on precautions against witches in Silesia, xi. 20 n.
Kuinda, Cilician fortress, v. 144 n.1
Kwc&tfp, the communion cup in the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 161 «.4
Kuker and Kukerica, carnival mummers
in Thrace and Bulgaria, viii. 332, 333,
334 Kuki-Lushai, men dressed as women to
deceive dangerous ghosts or spirits
among the, vi. 263 Kukis of Assam, parents named after
their children among the, iii. 333 ;
their custom after killing a tiger, viii.
i5S «-8
Kuklia, Old Paphos, v. 33, 36
Kukulu, a priestly king in Lower Guinea, iii. 5
Kukunjevac, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282
Kulin nation of South- Eastern Australia, sex totems in the, xi. 216
tribe of Victoria, avoidance of the
wife's mother in the, iii. 84 ; man en- dowed with bear's spirit in the, xi. 226 «.1
Kull Gossaih, goddess of a hill tribe in India, viii. 118
Kumaon, in North - Western India, custom observed by men who have been supposed dead, in, i. 75 n.3 ; rain-making in, i. 278 ; use of frogs in rain -charms in, i. 293 ; way of stopping rain in, i. 303 ; bullocks as scapegoats at funerals in, ix. 37 ; ceremony of sliding down a rope in, ix. 196 sq. ; the Holi festival in, xi. 2
Kumis, the, of South -Eastern India, their precautions against the demon of smallpox, ix. 117
Kunama, tribe on the borders of Abys- sinia, consult a rain-maker, ii. 3
Kundi in Cilicia, v. 144
Kunnui, in Yezo, bear- festival of the Amos at, viii. 185 sqq.
Kuopio, in Finland, sacred grove at, ii. 1 1
Kupalo, mythical being in Russia, funeral of, iv. 261, 262 ; figure of, passed across fire at Midsummer, v. 250 sq. ; a deity of vegetation, v. 253 ; image of, burnt or thrown into stream on St. John's Night, x. 176 ; effigy of, carried across fire and thrown into water, xi. 5, 23
Kupalo's Night, Midsummer Eve, x.
175' X76 Kupferberg, in Bavaria, harvest custom
at, vii. 232 Kupole's festival at Midsummer in
Prussia, v. 253
Kuria, in Thrace, masquerade at car- nival at, viii. 332
Kurile Islands, the Ainos of the, viii. 180 Ktirmis of India, marriage to trees among
the, ii. 57 n.s ; their use of a scapegoat
in time of cholera, ix. 190 Kurnai, a tribe of Gippsland, wind-maker
among the, i. 324 ; their belief as to
GENERAL INDEX
339
women's shadows, iii. 83 ; avoidance of the wife's mother among the, iii. 84 ; their fear of naming the dead, iii. 350 sq. \ their fear of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 n.1 ; sex totems and fights concerning them among the, xi. 215 n.1, 216
Kurs of East Prussia, their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 137
Kursk, in Russia, rain- making at, i. 277 ; harvest custom near, vii. 233
Kururumany, the Arawak creator, ix. 302
Kuruvikkarans of Southern India, in- spired priest of Kali among the, i. 382
Kurze, G. , on the power of medicine- men among the Lengua Indians, i.
359
Kusavans, potters of Southern India, their votive images, i. 56 «.8
Kushunuk, near Cape Vancouver, Esqui- mau festival at, viii. 249 n,1
Kuskokwim River, in Alaska, ix. 380
Kxistendil, in Bulgaria, need- fire at, x. 281
Kutonaqa Indians of British Columbia, their sacrifice of their first-born children to the sun, iv. 183 sq.
Kvasir, in Norse mythology, the wisest of beings, his blood and wisdom absorbed by Odin, i. 241
Kwa River, in West Africa, propitiation of goddess who dwells in the, ix. 28
Kwakiutl Indians of British Columbia, their treatment of the afterbirth, i. J97 54> \ tneir contagious magic of wounds, i. 201 sq. ; their beliefs and customs concerning twins, i. 263, 324 ; their custom as to coffining the dead, iii. 53 ; the swallowing of souls by shamans among the, iii. j6sq.\ customs observed by cannibals among the, iii. 159 n. , 188 sqq. ; change of names in summer and winter among the, iii. 386 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 ».1; can- nibals among the, vii. 20 ; their cere- monies at killing a wolf, viii. 220 ; their belief in the resurrection of salmon, viii. 250 ; their masked dances, ix. 376 n.2, 378 ; their story of an ogress whose life was in a hemlock branch, xi. 152 ; pass through a hem- lock ring in time of epidemic, xi. 186
medicine -men capture stray souls,
iii. 67 n.
Kwilu River, in the Congo State, vii. 119
Kwunt the spirit of the head, in Siam, iii. 252 ; supposed to reside in the hair, iii. 266 sq.
Kylenagranagh, the hill of, in Ireland, the fairies on, x. 324
La Ciotat, near Marseilles, hunting the wren at, viii. 321
L'lttoile, Lenten fires at, x. 113
La Manche, in Normandy, Lenten fire- custom in, x. 115
La Palisse, in France, dough man eaten at close of harvest at, viii. 48 sq.
La Paz, in Bolivia, Midsummer fires at, x. 213 ; Midsummer flowers at, xi. 50 sg.
La Rochelle, effigy of Shrove Tuesday burnt on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 230
La Trobe River in Victoria, iii. 109
Labbg, P. , on the inao of the Ainos, viii. 186 n.
Labour, division of, between the sexes, vii. 129
Labrador, fear of demons in, ix. 79 sq.
Labraunda in Caria, Zeus Labraundeus worshipped at, v. 182 n.*
Labruguiere, in Southern France, ex- pulsion of evil spirits on Twelfth Night at, ix. 166
Labrys, Lydian word for axe, v. 182
Labyrinth, the Cretan, iv. 71, 74, 75, 76, 77
Labyrinths in churches, iv. 76 ; in the north of Europe, iv. 76 sq.
Lac, taboos observed in gathering, i. 115
Lac gatherers not allowed to wash, i.
US
Lacaune, belief as to mistletoe at, xi. 83 Lacedaemon, Fig Dionysus at, vn. 4 Lachlan River, in Australia, novices
thought to be slain and resuscitated on
the, xi. 233 Lachlms of Rum and deer, superstition
concerning, xi. 284 Laconia, stone associated with Orestes in,
i. 161 ; subject to earthquakes, v.
203 «.2 Lactantius, on the grove of Egeria, i.
1 8 w.4 ; on Hippolytus as the lover of
Artemis, i. 39 n.1 ', on sacrifice to
Hercules, i. 282 n.1 ; on the rites of
Osiris, vi. 85 Lacueva, Father, missionary to the
Yuracares, ii. 205 n. Lada, mythical being in Russia, the
funeral of, iv. 261, 262 Ladakh, offerings of wheat-harvest to
spirit of agriculture in, viii. 117 Ladder for the use of a tree-spirit, ii. 35 ;
to facilitate the descent of the sun, ii.
99 ; for use of soul, iii. 47 Ladders of paper pinned to shoulders of
women at Mid-Lent, iv. 241 Ladon, in Arcadia, the wooded gorge of
the river, ii. 8 Ladyday, divining rod to be secured in
the twilight between the third day and
the night after, xi. 282 Laetare, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv.
340
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
222 n.1 ; custom observed by the
Germans of Moravia on, ii. 63 Laevinus, M. Valerius, funeral games in
his honour, iv. 96 Lafitau, J. F. , on namesakes of the dead
regarded as their reincarnation, iii.
S^S S2- Lagarde, P. A. de, on the " Ride of the
Beardless One," ix. 402, 405 Lagash in Babylonia, votive cones of clay
found at, v. 35 n.6 Lago di Naftia in Sicily, v. 221 «.4 Lagos, in West Africa, i. 365, iv. 112 ;
Ibadan in the interior of, iv. 203 ;
human sacrifices for the crops at, vii.
239 sq. Lagrange, Father M. J., on the mourning
for Adonis as a harvest rite, v. 231 Laguna, Pueblo village of New Mexico,
festival of the dead at, vi. 54 «.2 Lahn, the Yule log in the valley of the,
x. 248 Laibon, medicine-men among the Masai,
i- 343
Lai us and Oedipus, iv. 193
Lake inhabited by mythical serpents, i. 156 I by a dragon, xi. 112 sq.
Lake-dwellers of Europe, barley culti- vated by the, vii. 132
-dwellings of prehistoric Europe,
ii. 352 sq.
Lakes, gods of lakes married to women, ii. 150 sq. ; human victims thrown into, as offerings to water spirits, ii. 158 sq.
Lakhubai, an Indian goddess, gardens of Adonis in her worship, v. 243
Lakomba, an island of Fiji, reeds tied together to prevent the sun from going down in, i. 316
Lakor, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131 ; treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187 ; theory of earthquakes in, v. 198 ; annual expulsion of diseases in a proa in, ix. 199
Lakshmi, wife of Vishnu, supposed to pervade the Holy Basil (tulasi) plant, ii. 26
Laluba, the, of the Upper Nile, rain- makers as chiefs among, i. 345
Lama of Tibet, the Grand, i. 411^., ix. 197, 220, 221, 222 ; mode of deter- mining a new, i. 411 ; his palace at Lhasa, i. 412 ; worshipped as a true and living god, i. 412 ; and Sankara, iii. 78. See also Lamas
, the Teshu, embassy of George
Bogle to, ix. 203
Lamaist sects, ix. 94
Lamas, Grand, Buddha supposed to be incarnate in the, i. 410 sq. I
Lamas River in Cilicia, v. 149, 150
Lamb, blood of, drunk by priestess to procure inspiration, i. 381 ; thrown into lake as offering to Hades, vii. 15 ; killed sacramentally, viii. 314 sq. ; burnt alive to save the rest of the flock, x. 301
and pig as expiatory victims, iii. 226
of Mycenae, the golden, i. 365
Lambing, time of, ii. 328 «.4
Lame, woman who throws fish-bones into sea, pretends to be, viii. 254
Lame Goat, the, at harvest in Skye, vii. 284
" reign," Sparta warned against a,
iv. 38
Lamentations of Egyptian reapers, v. 232, vi. 45 ; of the savage for the animals and plants which he eats, vi. 43 sq. \ of Cherokee Indians ' ' after the first working of the crop," vi. 47 ; of the Karok Indians at cutting sacred wood, vi. 47 sq. ; pretended, for insects which destroy the crops, viii. 279 sq.
Laments for Tarn muz, v. 9 sq. \ for dead kings of Judah, v. 20 ; for Osiris, vi. 12
Lammas, the ist of August, great fairs in Ireland at, iv. 99, 100, 101 ; a harvest festival, iv. 105 ; superstitious practice of Highlanders at, x. 9* n.1
Lamoa, gods in Poso, xi. 154
Lampblack used to avert the evil eye, vi. 261
Lampong in Sumatra, the natives of, adore the sea, iii. 10
Lamps, dedication of burning, i. 12 sq. ; in the grove at Nemi, i. 13 ; to light the ghosts to their old homes, iii. 371, vi. 51 sq. ; for the use of ghosts at the Feast of All Souls, vi. 73, 73. See also Lanterns
Lampsacus, citizens of, excluded from games in honour of Miltiades, iv. 94 ; Persephone as corn- goddess on a coin of, vii. 44
Lampson, M. W., on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146,
273 Lanarkshire, 4 ' burning out the Old
Year" at Biggar in, ix. 165 Lancashire, custom of catching the breath
and soul of the dying in, iv. 200 ;
All Souls' Day in, vi. 79 ; Hallowe'en
customs in, x. 244 sq. Lancelot constrained to be king, iv. 120
^-. 135
Lanchang, a Malay craft, ix. 187 Land cleared for cultivation by men, vii.
113^., 117 sqq. Landak, district of Dutch Borneo, the
Dyaks of, names of parents and grand-
GENERAL INDEX
341
parents not to be mentioned among, iii. 340 ; bride and bridegroom not to tread the earth among, x. 5 ; birth- trees for children among, xi. 164
Lande-Patry in Normandy, game of ball on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 183
Landen, the battlefield of, outcrop of poppies on, v. 234
Landowners, sacrifices offered to spirits of former, vii. 228
Lane, E. W., on the fire-drill of the ancient Bedouins, ii. 209 «.4; on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 n.1 \ on the omnipresence of jinn in Egypt, ix. 104
Lanercost, Chronicle of, need-fire noticed in the, x. 286
Lanfine, in Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn at, vii. 154
Lang, Andrew, on stories of the type of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 130 n.1 ; on the bull-formed Dionysus, viii. 4 ; on the fire- walk, xi. aw.1; on the bull-roarer, xi. 228 n.2
Langenbielau, in Silesia, custom at threshing at, vii. 148 sq.
Langensalza, Grass King at Whitsuntide near, ii. 85
Langrim, a Khasi state, king elected by all adult males in, ii. 295
Language of animals acquired by eating serpent's flesh, viii. 146 ; learned by means of fern-seed, xi. 66 «.
of birds, learned by means of
serpents, i. 158 ; learned by tasting dragon's blood, vni. 146
of birds and beasts, knowledge of
the, possessed by Indian king, iv. 123
, change of, caused by taboo on the
names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq. , 375, 380 ; caused by taboo on the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq.
of husbands and wives, difference
between, iii. 347 sq.
of men and women, difference be- tween, iii. 348 sq.
, special, devoted to the person and
attributes of the king of Siam, i. 401 ; employed by hunters, iii. 396, 398, 399, 400, 402, 404, 410 ; employed by searchers for eagle-wood and lignum aloes, iii. 404 ; employed by searchers for camphor, iii. 405 sqq. ; employed by miners, iii. 407, 409 ; employed by reapers at harvest, iii. 410 sq.t 411 sq. ; employed by sailors at sea, iii. 413 sqq.
See also Speech and Words
Lanquineros, Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before sowing, ii. 105
L 'dnsara (El Ansarah), Midsummer Day in North Africa, x. 213, 214 ».
Lantana salvifolia, burnt by Nandi women in cornfields, vi. 47
Lanterns, the Feast of, in Japan, vi. 65, ix. 151 sq. See also Lamps
Lanuvium, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 n.1 ; sacred serpent at, viii. 18
Lanyon, in Cornwall, holed stone near, xi. 187
Lanzone, R. V., on the rites of Osiris, vi. 87 n.6
Laodice, a Hyperborean maiden, at Delos, i. 34 n.
Laodicea in Syria, human sacrifices at, iv. 166 n.1
Laon, Midsummer fires near, x. 187
Laos, a province of Siam, taboos ob- served by rhinoceros hunters and gatherers of lac in, i. 115; taboos observed by wives of absent elephant - hunters in, i. 120 ; rain- making at New Year in, i. 251 ; fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 «.4 ; precautions against strangers in, iii. 104 ; knotted grass a charm used by hunters in, iii. 306 ; special lan- guage used by elephant-hunters in, iii. 404 ; hunters never step over their weapons in, iii. 424 ; boxers at funerals in, iv. 97 ; infants at birth placed in rice-sieves in, vii. 8 ; Koui hunters hamstring game in, viii. 267 ; ravages of rats in, viii. 282 «.8; prayers at cairns in, ix. 29 ; beginning of year in, ix. 149 «.2 ; elephant-hunters not allowed to touch the ground in, x. 5 ; the natives of, their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222
Laosian village, divinity of salt-pans at a, i. 410
Laosians of Siam, their belief in demons, ix. 97
Laphystian Zeus, his sanctuary at Alus, iv. 161 ; ram with golden fleece sacri- ficed to, iv. 162 ; sacrifices offered to, by the house of Athamas, iv. 163 ; sanctuary of, on Mount Laphystius, iv. 164 ; king's eldest son liable to be sacrificed to, iv. 164 sq.t vii. 25
Laphystius, Mount, in the land of Orchomenus, iv. 164
Lapis manalis used in rain-making cere- mony at Rome, i. 310
Lappland, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326
Lapps will not extinguish fire in absence of fishers, i. 121 ; the forest -god of the, ii. 125 ; their customs after killing a bear, iii. 221, viii. 224, xi. 280 n. ; loose knots on lying-in women, iii, 294 ; brass ring worn as an amulet among the, iii. 314 ; reincarnation of ances- tors among the, iii. 368 ; fear to call
342
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
bears by their true name, iii. 398 ;
arranged the bones of the animals they
ate in anatomical order for the purpose
of facilitating their resurrection, viii.
257 ; their rule astomenstruous women,
x. 91 ; their story of the external soul,
xi. 149 sq.
Larch-tree, sacred, in the Tyrol, ii. 20 Lares, images of the, beside the hearth,
ii. 206
Larka Kols of India, their belief in tree- spirits, ii. 42 Larkspur, looking at Midsummer bonfires
through bunches of, x. 163, 165 sq. Larnax Lapethus in Cyprus, Melcarth
worshipped at, v. 117 Laro, a Nuba spirit, viii. 114 Larrakeeyah or Larrekiya, Australian
tribe, their belief in conception without
cohabitation, v. 103 ; their treatment
of girls at puberty, x. 38 Larvae or lares ', viii. 94 «.B Last day of the year, annual expulsion
of demons on the, ix. 145 sqq. See
also Hogmanay sheaf called "the Dead One," iv.
254. See Sheaf Lateran Museum, statue of Attis in the,
v. 279
statue of Ephesian Artemis, i. 38 n. J
Latham, R, G. , on succession to
husband's property among the Kocchs,
vi. 215 n.2 Latin Christianity, its tolerance of rustic
paganism, ix. 346
— confederacy, the, in relation to sacred Arician grove, i. 22 sq.
— festival, the great (Feriae Latinae), iv. 283
— kings thought to be the sons of the fire-god by mortal mothers, ii. 195 sqq. ; lists of, ii. 268 sqq. ; stories of their miraculous birth, ii. 272
League, the, ii. 386
mode of reckoning intervals of time,
iv. 59 n,
Latins, sanctity of the woodpecker among the, iv. 186 «.4
Latinus, King, changed into Latian Jupiter, ii. 187 ; founder of the Alban dynasty, ii. 197 ; his wife a Vestal, ii. 235 ; his disappearance, iv. 283
Latium, many local Jupiters in, ii. 184 ; in antiquity, the woods of, ii. 188 ; succession to the kingdom in ancient, ii. 266 sqq. ; female descent of the kingship in, ii, 271 ; the rustic militia of, shod only on one foot, iii. 311
Latuka, Lion-chief in, viii. 228
Latukas of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among the, i. 346 ; punish their chiefs for drought and failure of
the crops, i. 354 ; custom at childbirth among the, iii. 245 ; burn women's hair after childbirth, iii. 284
Laughing forbidden to hunters, iii. 196
Laughlan Islanders, their belief and custom as to shooting stars, iv. 63
Launceston, in Cornwall, Midsummer bonfire near, ii. 141
Laurel grown in place of purification, i. 26 j eaten by Apollo's prophetess, J. 384 ; Apollo's prophetess fumigated with, i. 384 ; branch of, carried by Roman general in his triumph, ii. *75 J wreath of, worn by Roman general in his triumph, ii. 175 ; used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 251, 252 ; Cadmus crowned with, iv. 78 sq. , vi. 241 ; crown of, substituted for crown of oak leaves as prize in the Pythian games, iv. 80 ; reason for substitution of laurel for oak, iv. 81 sq. ; Apollo crowned with wreath of laurel at Tempe, iv. 81, vi. 240 ; gold wreath of, worn by priest of Hercules, v. 143 ; in purificatory rites, vi. 240 sq. , ix. 262
, sacred, used to form the victor's
crown at Delphi and Thebes, iv. 78 sqq. \ guarded by a dragon, iv. 79^. ; chewed by priestess of Apollo, iv. 80
Laurel-Bearer at Thebes, iv. 88 sq. , vi. 241
bearing, festival of the, at Thebes,
iv. 78 sq., 88 sq. , vi. 241
-Bearing Apollo, iv. 79 n.8
Laurels, in sacred grove of Dia, ii. 122 ; in Latium, ii. 188 ; Roman ceremony of renewing the, ix. 346 n.1
Laurus and Florus, feast of, on August 1 8th, x. 220
Lausitz, Midsummer fires in, x. 170 ; marriage oaks in, xi. 165. See also Lusatia
Lavinia, daughter of Amata, ancestress of the Alban kings, ii. 197, 197 «.4
Lavinium, worship of Vesta at, i. 14, ii. 197 ».4
Lawes, W. G., on the belief in ghosts among the natives of British New Guinea, ix. 84 sq.
Lawgivers, ancient, on the uncleanness of women at menstruation, x. 95 sq.
Laws ofManu, on the effects of a good king's reign, i. 366 ; on the divinity of kings and Brahmans, i. 403 ; on a father as born again in his own son, iv. 188 ; on the transmigration of evil- doers into animals, viii. 298 sq.
Laws of nature, the conception of, not primitive, i. 374
Laying hands on children to bless them, i. 367
Laziness transferred to a cornel-tree, ix. 55
GENERAL INDEX
343
Lazy Man, a Midsummer masker en- closed in a leafy framework, ii. 83
Le Mole, on the Lake of Nemi, i. 17
Lead, melted, in Arab cure for melan- choly or madness, ix. 4 ; divination by melted lead at Hallowe'en, x. 242
Leaf, lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67. See also Leaves
Leaf- clad dancers, vii. 95
-clad mummer on Midsummer Day,
xi. 25 sq.
-clad mummers, ii. 74 sqq. , 78 sqq. ;
mock marriage of, ii. 97 ; represent the powers of vegetation, ii. 97 ; at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 sqq.
King, the, at Hildesheim on Whit- Monday, ii. 85
Man representative of tree-god in
India, ix. 61 ; the Little, in spring at Ruhla in Thurmgen, ii. 80 sq.
Leafy bust at Nemi, portrait of the King of the Wood, i. 41 sq.
Leake, W. M. , on flowers in Asia Minor, v. 187 w.6
Leaning against a tree prohibited to warriors, iii. 162, 163
Leaping, a contest at the Eleusinian games, vii. no
over fire at the Parilia, ii. 327 ; as
a Roman purification, ii. 329 ; as a form of purification among the Esqui- maux, viii. 249 ; after a burial to escape the ghost, xi. 18
— over bonfires to make the flax or hemp grow tall, v. 251, x. 119, 165, 166 sq., 168, 173, 174, 337; to get rid of the devil, ix. 156 ; to ensure good crops, x. 107; as a preventive of colic, x. 107, 195 sq.t 344; to ensure a happy marriage, x. 107, 108 ; to ensure a plentiful harvest, x. 155, 156 ; to be free from backache at reaping, x. 165, 168 ; as a preventive of fever, x. 166, 173, 194 ; for luck, x. 171, 189 ; in order to be free from ague, x. 174 ; in order to marry and have many children, x. 204, 338 sq. ; as cure of sickness, x. 214 ; to procure offspring, x. 214, 338 ; over ashes of fire as remedy for skin diseases, xi. 2 ; a panacea for almost all ills, xi. 20 ; as a protection against witchcraft, xi. 40
and dancing to make the crops
grow high, i. 137 sqq. , vii. no, viii. 33° J?-. ix- 232« 238 sqq.
of women over the Midsummer
bonfires to ensure an easy delivery, x. X94» 339' See also Jumping
Leaps, high and long, at New Year festival of the Kayans, vii. 98 ; of the Salii at Rome, ix. 232 ; of lovers over
the Mid-summer bonfires, x. 165, 166,
168, 174. See Leaping Learchus, son of King Athamas, iv. 161 ;
killed by his father, iv. 162, vii. 24 Leared, A., on the Isowa or Aisawa sect
in Morocco, vii. 21 sq. Leather, Mrs. Ella Mary, on the Yule
log m Herefordshire, x. 257 sq. Leather of priestess's shoes not to be
made from hide of beast that died
a natural death, iii. 14 Leavened bread, Flamen Dialis not
allowed to touch, iii. 13 Leaves, disease transferred to, ix. 2, 259;
fatigue transferred to, ix. 8 sqq. ; thrown
on dead chameleons, ix. 28 ; thrown
on heap at ford, ix. 28 ; used to expel
demons, ix. 201, 206, 262. See also
Leaf
and flowers as talismans, vi. 242 sq.
and twigs of trees as fodder of cattle
in Southern Europe, ii. 328 Leaving food over, taboos on, iii. 126 sqq. Leavings of food, magic wrought by
means of, iii. 118, 119, 126 sqq. Lebadea, altar of Rainy Zeus at, II.
360 #.8 ; Trophonius at, iv. 166 w.1 Lebanon, peasants of the, their custom
as to children's cast teeth, i. 181 sq. \
the forests of Mount, v. 14 ; the charm
of the, v. 235 ; peasants of the, their
dread of menstruous women, x. 83 sq.
, Aphrodite of the, v. 30
, Baal of the, v. 32
Lech, a tributary of the Danube, vi. 70 ;
Midsummer fires in the valley of the,
x. 1 66 Lechrain, milk-stones in, i. 165 ; Burial
of the Carnival in, iv. 231 ; Feast of
All Souls in, vi. 70 sq. ; the divining
rod in, xi. 68 Lecky, W. E. H., on the influence of
great men on the popular imagination,
vi. 199 ; on the treatment of magic
and witchcraft by the Christian Church,
xi. 42 «.2
Lecceur, J. , on weather forecasts for the year in the Bocage of Normandy, ix.
323 Lee, the laird of, his ' ' cureing stane, x.
325
Leeches, charm against, viii. 281 Leeds, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338 Leeting the witches, x. 245 Lefe"bure, E., on Typhon in the form of
a boar, viii. 30 «.4 Left shoe of bridegroom to be without
buckle or latchet, iii. 300 Legend of the foundation of Carthage
and similar tales, vi. 249 sq. Legends of the custom of slaying kings,
iv. 1 20 sqq. ; told as charms, vii. 102
344
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
sq. ; of persons who could not die, x.
99 j?.
Legs not to be crossed, iii. 295, 298 sq. and thighs of diseased cattle cut off
and hung up as a remedy, x. 296 n.1,
325
Lehmann-Haupt, Professor C. F. , on the historical Semiramis, v. 177 n.1 ; on the historical reality of Christ, ix. 412 n.2 ; on the date of the crucifixion, ix. 415 n.1
Lehner, Stefan, on stories told to pro- mote the growth of the crops, vii. 104; on the fear of demons in German New Guinea, ix. 83 sq.
Leicestershire, Plough Monday in, viii.
33° »•*
Leine, river of Central Germany, water drawn from it silently on Easter night, x. 124
Lemster, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. n ; the fair of Carman in, iv. 100 ; legend of the voluntary death of monks to stay a pestilence in, iv. 159 tt.1; Midsummer fires in, x. 203
Leipsic, "Carrying out Death" at, iv. 236
Leitch, Archie, as to the harvest Maiden on the Gareloch, vii. 158 n.1
Leith Links, witches burnt on, ix. 165
Leitmentz district of Bohemia, the Shrovetide Bear in, viii. 326
Leitrim, County, Midsummer fires in, x. 203 ; divination at Hallowe'en in, x. 242 ; need-fire in, x. 297 ; witch as hare in, x. 318
Leteen, the, a priest in Celebes, iii. 129
Leme, the river, at Ludlow, ix. 182
Lemnos, new fire brought annually from Delos to, i. 32, x. 138 ; worship of Hephaestus in, x. 138
Lemon, external souls of ogres in a, xi. 102
Lemons distasteful to the spirits of tin, iii. 407
Lenaean festival of Dionysus at Athens presided over by the King, i. 44
Lenaeon, a Greek month, vii. 66
Lendu tribe of Central Africa, rain- makers as chiefs among the, i. 348
Lengua Indians of the Gran Chaco, their ceremony to make the sun shine, i. 313 ; fling sticks at a whirl- wind, i. 330 ; power of magicians among the, i. 359 ; their belief as to dreams, iii. 38 ; after a death the sur- vivors change their names among the, •"• 357 J tneir belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. n ; their fear of meteors, iv. 63 ; their practice of killing first-born girls, iv. 186 ; their custom of infanticide, iv. 197 ;
their festivals at the rising of the Pleiades, vii. 309 ; their way of bilking the ghosts of ostriches, viii. 245 ; their fear of demons, ix. 78 sq.\ seclu- sion of girls at puberty among the, x.
56 ; masquerade of boys among the, x.
57 n.1; marriage feast extinct among the, x. 75 «.2
Lenormant, Fran9ois, on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 39 n.1 ; on Demeter as an Earth-goddess, vii. 40 «.8
Lent, personified by an actor or effigy, iv. 226, 230 ; symbolized by a seven- legged effigy, iv. 244 sq. • ceremony at Halberstadt in, ix. 214 ; perhaps de- rived from an old pagan period of abstinence observed for the growth of the seed, ix. 347 sqq. ; rule of conti- nence during, ix. 348
, the Buddhist, ix. 349 sq.
, the Indian and Fijian, v. 90
, Queen of, iv. 244
and the Saturnalia, ix. 345 sqq.
, the first Sunday in, bonfires and
torches on, x. 107 sqq.
, the third Sunday in, Death carried
out on, iv. 238
, the fourth Sunday in, Death carried
out on, ii. 73 sq. , iv. 233 sq., 235, 236 ; girl called the Queen on, ii. 87 ; called Dead Sunday, or Mid-£ -at, iv. 221, 222 n.1, 233 sqq., 250, 255
, the fifth Sunday in, Death carried
out on, iv. 234 sq. , 239
Lenten fast, its origin, ix. 348
fires, x. 106 sqq.
Lenz, H. O., on ancient names for mistletoe, xi. 318
Leo the Great, as to the celebration of Christmas, v. 305
the Tenth, pope, his boar-hunting,
i. 6 sq.
Leobschiitz, district of Silesia, "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 268 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 170
Leonard, Major A. G., on death from imagination in Africa, iii. 136 sq. ; on sacrifices to prolong the lives of kings and others, vi. 222 ; on the custom of licking the blood from a sword with which a man has been killed, viii. 155 ; on the periodic expulsion of demons at Calabar, ix. 204 n.1 ; on souls of people in animals, xi. 206 «.a
Leon id as, funeral games in his honour, iv. 94
Leopard, supposed transformation of a man into a, in West Africa, iv. 83 sq. ; the commonest familiar of Fan wizards, xi. 202. See also Leopards
Leopard Societies of Western Africa, iv. 83
Leopard's blood drunk, or its flesh or
GENERAL INDEX
345
heart eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 141 sq.
Leopard's whiskers in a charm, viii. 167
Leopards, dead kings turn into, iv. 84 ; related to royal family of Dahomey, iv. 85 ; inspired human mediums of, viii. 213 ; revered by the Igaras of the Niger, viii. 228 ; ceremonies observed by the Ewe negroes after the slaughter of, viii. 228 sqq. ; souls of dead in, viii. 288, 289 ; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206 ; external human souls in, xi. 207. See also Leopard
Lepanto, the Ignorrotes of, ii. 30
Leper disinterred as rain-charm, i. 285
Lepers sacrificed to the Mexican goddess of the White Maize, vii. 261 ; Mexican goddess of, ix. 292
Lepers' Island, the soul as an eagle m, iii. 34 ; child's soul brought back in, iii. 65
Lepidus, Marcus Aemilius, funeral games in his honour, iv. 96
Leprosy, king of Israel expected to heal, v. 23 sq. ; thought to be caused by drinking pig's milk, viii. 24, 25 ; caused by eating a sacred animal, viii. 25 sqq. ; thought to be caused by injuring a toternic animal, viii. 26 sq. \ in the Old Testament, viii. 27 ; Hebrew custom as to, ix. 35 ; Mexican god- dess of, ix. 292
Lepsius, R., on a sort of carnival in Fazoql, iv. 17 «.2 ; his identification of Osiris with the sun, vi. 121 sq.
Lerbach, in the Harz Mountains, custom on Midsummer Day at, ii. 66
Lerida in Catalonia, funeral of the Carnival at, iv. 225 sq.
Lerons of Borneo, use of magical imnges among the, i. 59
Lerotse leaves used in purification, viii. 69
Lerpiu, a powerful spirit revered by the Dinka and embodied in the rain- maker, iv. 32
Lerwick, winds sold at, i. 326 ; ceremony of Up-helly-a' at, ix. 169, x. 269 n.1; Christmas guizing at, x. 268 sq. \ pro- cession with lighted tar -barrels on Christmas Eve at, x. 268
Lesachthal (Carinthia), new fire at Easter in the, x. 124
Lesbos, barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22 ; superstition as to shadows in, iii. 89 ; building custom in, iii. 89 ; charm to prevent the consummation of marriage in, iii. 300 ; the harvest Hare in, vii. 280 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 211 sq, VOL. XII
Leschiy, a woodland spirit in Russia, ii 124 sq.
Leslie, David, onCaffre belief as to spirits of the dead incarnate in serpents, xL 211 «.2, 212 n.
Lesneven, in Brittany, burning of an effigy (of Carnival) on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 229 sq.
Leti, island of, taboos observed by women and children during war in, i. 131 ; treatment of the navel-string in, i. 187 ; marriage of the Sun and Earth in, ii. 98 sq. ; theory of earthquakes in, v. 198 ; annual expulsion of dis- eases in a proa in, ix. 199
Leto said to have clasped a tree before bearing Apollo and Artemis, ii. 58
Letopolis, neck of Osiris at, vi. ii
Lettermore Island, Midsummer fires in, x. 203
Letts of Russia, swing to make the flax grow high, iv. 157, 277, vii. 107 ; their celebration of the summer solstice, iv. 280 ; their annual festival of the dead, vi. 74 sq. ; their sacrifices to wolves, viii. 284 ; Midsummer fires among the, x. 177 sq. \ gather aromatic plants on Midsummer Day, xi. 50
Leucadia, magical rock in, i. 161
Leucadians, their use of human scape- goats, ix. 254
Leucippe, daughter of Minyas, her Bacchic fury, iv. 164
L£vi, Professor Sylvain, on the magical nature of sacrifice in ancient India, i. 228 sq.
Leviathan or Rahab, a dragon of the sea, iv. 106 ».a
Leviticus (xviii. 24 sq. ) on sexual crime as a defilement of the land, ii. 114 sq.
Lewin, Captain T. H., on the tug-of- war among the Chukmas, ix. 174 sq.
Lewis, E. W. , on the sting of bees as a cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 w.a
Lewis, Rev. Thomas, on the mind of the savage, iii. 420 n.1
Lewis, Professor W. J., x. 127 w.1
Lewis the Pious, institutes the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83
Lewis, the island of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326 ; need-fire in, ii. 238, x. 293 ; the Old Wife at harvest in, vii. 140 sq.\ custom of fiery ^circle in the, x. 151 n.
Lexicon Mythologicum, author of, on the Golden Bough, xi. 284 n.9
Leza, supreme being recognized by the Bantu tribes of Northern Rhodesia, vi.
174
Lezayre parish, in the Isle of Man, cus- tom on May Day in, ii. 54
Lhasa, the Dalai Lama of, i. 411 sq. ;
346
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
ceremony of the Tibetan New Year at, ix. 197 sq., 218 sqq.
Lhoosai, the, of South- Eastern India, their harvest festival, ii. 48 ; woman's share in agriculture among, vii. 122 Lhota Naga, tribe of the Brahmapootra valley, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 243 sq.
Lhwyd, Edward, on snake stones, x. i6«.J
•' Liar's mound, the," in Borneo, ix. 14
Libanius, on human life before Demeter, vii. 43 n l
Libations offered by maidens to the dead maiden Iphinoe, i. 28 ; in honour of tree-spirits, ii. 46, 51 ; Roman rule as to wine offered in, iii. 249 n.2 ; of beer to dead bears, viii. 181, 186 ; of beer to the fire-god and house-god, viii. 185
Libchowic, in Bohemia, girl called the Queen on the fourth Sunday in Lent at, ii. 87
Libebe", African kingdom, kings as rain- makers in, i. 348
Liber, Father, the Italian counterpart of Dionysus, vii. 12 ; Roman sacrifice of new wine to, viii. 133
Liberty, despotism more favourable than savagery to, i. 218
Libyans, the Alitemnian, awarded the kingdom to the fleetest runner, ii. 299. See also Panebian
Licata, in Sicily, St. Angelo ill-treated at, i. 300
Licence accorded to slaves at the Satur- nalia, ii. 312, ix. 307 j?., 350 sq.t 351 sq. ; accorded to female slaves at the Nonae Caprotinae, ii. 313 sq. ; periods of, viii. 62, 63, 66 sqq. , ix. 225 sq. , 306, 328 sq. , 343, 344, x. 135 ; annual periods of general, ix. 127, 131, 226 n.1 ; month of general, ix. 148 ; periods of, preceding or following the annual expulsion of demons, ix. 251 ; at Midsummer festival, x. 180, 339
Licentious rites for the fertilization of the ground, ix. 177
Lichfield, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337
Licinius Imbrex, on Mars and Nerio, vi. 232
Licorice root used to beat people with at Easter, ix. 269
Lie down, manslayers forbidden to, iii. 179
Liebrecht, F. , on the death of the Great Pan, iv. 7 «.a; ontheSacaea, ix. 392 n.1
Liege, Lenten fires near, x. 108
Lienz in the Tyrol, masquerade on Shrove Tuesday at, ix. 242, 245
Lierre, in Belgium, the witches' Sabbath at, xi. 73
Life, the Egyptian symbol of, ii. 133 ; in the blood, iii. 241, 250 ; human, valued more highly by Europeans than by many other races, iv. 135 sq. ; of community bound up with life of divine king, x. i sq. ; the water of, xi. 114 sq. ; of woman bound up with orna- ment, xi. 156 ; of a man bound up with the capital of a column, xi. 156 sq. ; of a man bound up with fire in hut, xi. 157 ; of child bound up with knife, xi. 157 ; of children bound up with trees, xi. ibosgq. ; the divisibility of, xi. 221. See also Soul Life -indices, trees and plants as, xi. 1 60 sqq.
tokens in fairy tales, xi. 118 n.1
-tree of the Manchu dynasty at
Peking, xi. 167 sq.
trees of kings of Uganda, xi. 160
Ligho, a heathen deity of the Letts, x.
177, 178 n.1 ; compare iv. 280 Light, girls at puberty not allowed to see the, x. 57 ; external soul of witch in a, xi. ii 6. See also Lights Lightning averted from houses by cross- bills, i. 82; magical imitation of, in rain-making, i. 248, 258, 303 ; one of twins regarded as a son of, i. 266 ; the lord and creatorof rain, i. 266 ; imi- tation of, by kings, i. 310, ii. 180; wood of tree that has been struck by, i. 319 ; expiation for trees struck by, ii. 122 ; the art of drawing down, ii. 181 ; fire perhaps first procured from a tree struck by, ii. 256 j fire kindled by, ii. 263 ; African deities of, ii. 370 ; supposed to be produced by means of flints, ii. 374 ; trees struck by, used in magic, iii. 287 ; not to l)e called by its proper name, iii. 401 ; thought by Caffres to be caused by the ghost of a powerful chief, vi. 177 with n.1 ; no lamentations allowed for persons killed by, vi. 177 n.1 ; eating flesh of bullock that has been struck by, viii. 161 ; treatment of men, animals, and houses that have been struck by, viii. 161, xi. 298 «.a; feet of men who have been killed by lightning slit to prevent their ghosts from walking, viii. 272 ; charred sticks of Easter fire used as a talis- man against, x. 121, 124, 140 sq., 145, 146 ; the Easter candle a talisman against, x. 122 ; brands of the Mid- summer bonfires a protection against, x. 166 it.1, 183 ; flowers thrown on roofs at Midsummer as a protection against, x. 169; charred sticks of Mid- summer bonfires a protection against, x. 174, 187, 188, 190 ; ashes of Mid-
GENERAL INDEX
347
summer fires a protection against, x. 187, 1 88, 190 ; torches interpreted as imitations of, x. 340 n.l\ bonfires a protection against, x. 344 ; a magical coal a protection against, xi. 61 ; pine- tree struck by, used to make bull- roarer, xi. 231 ; superstitions about trees struck by, xi. 296 sqq. ; thought to be caused by a great bird, xi. 297 ; strikes oaks oftener than any other tree of the European forests, xi. 298 sq. ; regarded as a god descending out of heaven, xi. 298 ; places struck by lightning enclosed and deemed sacred, xi. 299. See also Thunder
Lightning and thunder, the Yule log a protection against, x. 248, 249, 250, 252, 253, 254, 258, 264 ; mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 57 sq.
Lightning god of the Slavs, ii. 365
Zeus, i. 33, ii. 361
"Lights of the dead," to enable the ghosts to enter houses, vi. 65
Lights, three hundred and sixty-five, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 88
Lignum aloes, taboos observed in the search for, iii. 404
Liknites, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 5, 27
Lille, the corn-spirit in the shape of a horse near, vii. 294
Lillooet Indians of British Columbia, their belief concerning twins, i. 265 n.l\ their propitiation of slam bears, viii. 226 sq. ; their regard for the bones of deer and beavers, vih. 243; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 52 sq.
Limbs, amputated, kept by the owners against the resurrection, iii. 281
Limburg, processions with torches on the first Sunday in Lent in, x. 107 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 194 ; the Yule log in, x. 249
Lime-kiln in divination at Hallowe'en, x.
235. 243
-tree, used in kindling fire by fric- tion, ii. 251 ; toothache nailed into a, ix. 59 sq. ; the bloom of the, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 49 ; mistletoe on limes, xi. 315, 316
trees sacred, ii. 366, 367
-wood used at expulsion of demons,
ix. 156 ; used to kindle need-fire, x. 281, 283, 286
Limerick, execution of traitor at, iii. 244 Limping on one foot at carrying home
the last sheaf, vii. 232, 284 Limu, the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 117 Lincoln, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 Lincolnshire, saying as to a woman's apron burnt by a spark in, ii. 231 ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 «.* ; the Yule log in, x. 257 : witches as cats
and hares in, x. 318 ; calf buried *o stop a murrain in, x. 326 ; mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy and St. Vitus's dance in, xi. 83 sq.
Lindau in Anhalt, the Corn-woman at harvest at, vii. 233
Lindenbrog, on need-fire, x. 335 if.1
Lindus in Rhodes, sacrifice to Hercules at, i. 281 ; taboos as to entering a sanctuary at, viii. 85
Lingayats, Hindoo sect, worship their priest as a god, i. 404 sq.
Lint seed, divination by, at Hallowe'en, *• 235
Linus, identified with Adonis, vii. 258
or Ailinus, Phoenician vintage song,
vii. 2t6, 257 sq. , 263, 264
Lion, footprints of a, in magic, i. 209 ; king represented with the body of a, iv. 85 ; deity standing on a, v. 123 n.2, 127 ; the emblem of the Mother Goddess, v. 164 ; as emblem of Hercules and the Heraclids, v. 182, 184 ; carried round acropolis of Sardes, v. 184, vi. 249 ; beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371. See also Lions
" with the Sheepskins," among the
Arabs of Morocco, ix. 265
, the sun in the sign of the, xi.
66 sq.
Lion-chief, viii. 228
god at Boghaz-Keui, the mystery
of the, v. 139 sq. ; of Lydia, v. 184
killer, purification of, iii. 176, 220
slaying god, statue of, v. 117
-tamer as chief of bis tribe, i
347 ^
Lion's claws in a charm, viii. 167
fat, unguent of, viii. 164
flesh or heart eaten to make eater
brave, viii. 141, 142^., 147
Liongo, an African Samson, xi. 314
Lions not called by their proper names, iii. 400 ; called foxes for euphemism, iii. 400 ; dead kings reincarnate in, iv. 84, v. 83 ji.1, vi. 163 ; carved, at gate, v. 128 ; as emblems of the great Asiatic Mother-goddess, v. 137 ; deities seated on, v. 162 ; spirits of dead chiefs re- incarnated in, vi. 193 ; inspired human mediums of, viii. 213 ; propitiation of dead, viii. 228 ; souls of the dead in, viii. 287 sqq.
Lip, under, of bullock tabooed as food, i. 119
Lippe, the river, a tributary of the Rhine,
*• 39i Lir majoran, a god of husbandry in the
Kei Islands, viii. 123 Lisiansky, U., on annual festival in
Hawaii, iv. 117 sq. Lismore, witch as hare in, x. 316/17,
348
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Lithuania, the May Queen in, ii. 74 ; customs at driving the herds out to pasture for the first time in, ii. 340 sq. ; wolves not to be called by their proper names during December in, ii. 396 ; the last sheaf called Boba (Old Woman) in, vii. 145 ; customs at thresh- ing in, vii. 148, 223 sq. ; custom at cutting the last corn in, vii. 223 ; old Lithuanian ceremonies at eating the new corn, viii. 49 sq. ; mummers and dances on Twelfth Day in Prussian Lithuania, viii. 327; " Easter Smacks " in, ix. 269 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 176 ; sanctuary at Romove in, xi. 91. See also Lithuanians
Lithuanian mythology, ii. 348
Lithuanians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211 ; tree-worship among the, ii. 9, xi. 89 ; the thunder-god Per- kunasof the, ii. 365 sqq. ; their reverence for oaks, ii. 366, 371 ; the old, their funeral banquets, iii. 238 ; the Old Rye-Woman among the, vii. 133; their custom before first ploughing in spring, x. 18 ; their story of the ex- ternal soul, xi. 113 sqq. See also Lithuania
, the heathen, their worship of the sun, i. 317 sq. ; their sacred groves, ii. 46 ; sacrificed to Pergrubius on St. George's Day, ii. 347
Little Deer, chief of the deer tribe, viii. 241
•« Easter Sunday" (Low Sunday),
in Cornwall, iv. 153, 154 w.1
— Jupiter, the, ii. 179, 192
Leaf Man, ii. 80 sq.
Whitsuntide Man, ii. 81
Wood- woman, vii. 232
Lityerses, song of Phrygian reapers and threshers, vii. 216 ; son of Midas, king of Phrygia, vii. 217 ; his reaping- matches, vii. 217 ; his treatment of strangers on the harvest field, vii. 217; slain by Hercules, vii. 217 ; story of, its coincidences with harvest -customs of modern Europe, vii. 218 sqq., 236, 252 sqq. ; his relation to Attis, vii. 255 sq. ; compared to Borrnus, vii. 257
Liver, indurated, thought to be healed by touch of chief's feet, i. 371 ; indura- tion of the, attributed to touching sacred chief, iii. 133 ; of kangaroo rubbed on back of man-slayer, iii. 167 sq. \ of pig, omens drawn from, vii. 97 ; of deer eaten to make eater long- lived like deer, viii. 143 ; of dog eaten to acquire bravery, viii, 145 ; of serpent eaten to acquire language of animals, viii. 146 ; regarded as the seat of the soul, viii. 147 sq. • re-
garded as the seat of valour, viii. 148 ;
of brave men eaten, viii. 148, 151 sq. ;
of bear, used as medicine, viii. 187 sq. Lives of a family bound up with a fish,
xi. 200 ; with a cat, xi. 150 sq. "Living fire" made by the friction of
wood, ii. 237, x. 220 ; as a charm
against witchcraft, ii. 336 ; the need-
fire, x. 281, 286
parents, children of, in ritual, vi.
236 sqq.
Livingstone, David, on the government of the Banyai, ii. 292
Livinhac, Mgr., on chiefs as rain-makers in the Nyanza region, i. 353
Livonia, sacred grove in, ii. 43 ; belief as to were- wolves in, iii. 42 ; Mid- summer festival in, iv. 280 ; story of a were-wolf in, x. 308
Livonians cull simples on Midsummer Day, xi. 49 sq.
Livuans, the, of New Britain, their belief in demons, ix. 82 sq.
Livy on the Ciminian forest, ii. 8 ; on the annual Roman custom of knocking a nail, ix. 66 ; on the Saturnalia, ix.
345 «•'
Lizard, soul in form of, iii. 38 ; external soul in, xi. 199 w.1 ; sex totem in the Port Lincoln tribe of South Australia, xi. 216; said to have divided the sexes in the human species, xi. 216
or snake in annual ceremony for
the riddance of evils, ix. 208
Lizards and serpents supposed to renew their youth by casting their skins, ix. 302 sqq.
Ljeschic, Russian wood-spirits, viii. a
Lkungen Indians, their charm to make hair grow long, i. 145 ; their magic 'uses of wasps, i. 152 ; their contagious magic of wounds, i. 202 ; believe trees to be men transformed, ii. 30
Llama, blood of, sprinkled on doorway, iv. I76/*.1 ; black, as scapegoat, ix. 193
Llandebie, sin-eater reported near, ix. 44
Llandegla in Wales, church of St. Tecla at, ix. 52
Llangors, in Breconshire, the sin-eater at, ix. 43
Lo Bengula, king of the Matabeles, i. 394 ; as a rain-maker, i. 351 sq. ; treatment of strangers before admission to, iii. 114
Loaf made of corn of last sheaf, vii. 148 sq. \ thrown into river Neckar on St. John's Day, xi. 28. See also Loaves
Loango, palsy called the king's disease in, i. 371 ; the negroes of, their belief that sexual crime entails drought and famine, ii. in sq. ; the Bavili of, ii. 112 ; licence of princesses in, ii. 276
GENERAL INDEX
149
sq. ; taboos observed by kings of, iii. 8, 9 ; foods tabooed to priests and heirs to the throne in, iii. 291 ; practice of knocking nails into idols in, ix. 69 sq.t 70 «.J ; new-born infants not allowed to touch the earth in, x. 5 ; girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22
Loango, king of, deposed for failure of harvest or of fishing, i. 353 ; revered as a god, i. 396 ; fights all rivals for his crown, ii. 322 ; forbidden to see a white man's house, iii. 115 ; not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 117 sq. ; confined to his palace, iii. 123 ; refuse of his food buried, iii. 129
Loaves in shape of a boar, vii. 300 ; hung on head of sacrificed horse, viii. 42, 43 ; in human shape, viii. 48 sq. , 94, 95. See also Loaf
Lobeck, Chr. A. , on the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 n.6 ; his emendation of Pau- sanias, viii. 18 n.1 ; his emendation of Clement of Alexandria (Protrept. ii. 17), viii. 20 n.1
lxibo> spirit-house, among the Toradjas of Celebes, i. 129, ii. 39
Local totem centres in Central Australia,
i. 96
Loch Katrine, x. 231
Tay, Hallowe'en fires on the banks
of x. 232
Lochaber, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 157
Lock and key in a charm, x. 283
Locks unlocked at childbirth, iii. 294, 296 ; thought to prevent the con- summation of marriage, iii. 299 ; as amulets, iii. 308 ; unlocked to facilitate death, iii. 309 ; magical virtue of, iii. 310 ; opened by springwort, xi. 70 ; opened by the white flower of chicory, xi. 71 ; mistletoe a master-key to open all, xi. 85
• and knots, magical virtue of, iii. 309 sq. 'See also Keys
Locrians, the Epizephynans, female kin- ship among the, ii. 284 ; their sacrifice of maidens to the Trojan goddess, ii. 284 ; the prostitution of their daughters before marriage, ii. 285 ; vicarious- sacrifice offered by the, viii. 95 ».2
Locust, a Batta totem, xi. 223
— Apollo, viii. 282
Hercules, viii. 282
Locusts, sultans expected to drive away, i. 353 ; chiefs held responsible for the ravages of, i. 354 ; superstitious pre- cautions against, viii. 276, 279, 281
Loeboes (Looboos), a tribe of Sumatra, exchange of costume between boys and girls among the, vi. 264. See also Looboos
Log, the Yule, x. 247 sqq.
Logan, W., on the custom of attacking the kings of Calicut, iv. 49
Logea, island off New Guinea, taboos observed by man slayers in, iii. 167 ; the dead not named in, iii. 354
Logic of the savage, viii. 202
Logierait, parish of, in Perthshire, knots unloosed at marriage in, iii, 399 sq, \ Beltane festival in, x. 152 sq. ; Hal- lowe'en fires in, x. 231 sq.
Loire, the Lower, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296
Loiret, Lenten fires in the department of, x. 114
Loitering in the doorway forbidden under certain circumstances, i. 114
Loki and Balder, x. 101 sq.
Lokoala, initiation by spirits among the Indians of North • Western America, ix. 376
Lokoiya, the, of the Upper Nile, rain- makers as chiefs among, i. 345
Lokoja on the Niger, external human souls in crocodiles and hippopotamuses near, xi. 209
Lolos, of Western China, their recall of the soul in sickness, iii. 43 ; divine by shoulder - blades of sheep, iii. 229 ».4 ; their belief as to the stars, iv. 65 sq.
Lombardy, oak forests of, in antiquity, ii. 354 ; the Day of the Old Wives in, iv. 241 ; belief as to the "oil of St. John " on St. John's Morning in, xi. 82 sq.
Lombok, East Indian island, the rice personified as husband and vtife in, vii. 201 sqq.
London, the immortal girl of, x. 99; Midsummer fires in, x. 196 sq.
Long Man, a river-god, i. 144
" haired mother," title of the God- dess of Maize in Mexico, i. 136
-headed men chosen kings, ii. 297
Longevity, homoeopathic charms to ensure, i. 158, 169
11 Longevity garments," in China, i. 169
Longforgan, parish of, in Perthshire, the Maiden Feast at harvest in, vii. 156^.
Longnor, near Leebotwood, in Shrop- shire, the Mare at harvest at, vii. 294
Longridge Fell, letting the witches at Hallowe'en at, x. 245
Lons-le-Saulnier, in the Jura, last sheaf called the Bitch at, vii. 272
Looboos (Loeboes) of Sumatra creep through a cleft rattan to escape a demon, xi. 182 sq. See also Loeboes
Look back, not to, in ritual, iii. 157
Looking at bonfires through mugwort a protection against headache and sore eyes, xi. 59
350
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Loom, not to be touched by a man, iii.
164 Loon, the cry of the, associated with rain,
i. 288 Loop in ceremony to detain the sun, i.
3i7
Loowoo, a kingdom in Celebes, regalia of, i. 364 ; superstitious belief as to the king of, i. 399
Loranthus europaeus, a species of mistle- toe, xi. 315, 317 sqq. \ called "oak mistletoe " (visco quercino) in Italy, xi.
317
vestitus, in India, xi. 317
Lord of the Diamond, prayed to at cairns
in Laos, ix. 29
11 of the Heavenly Hosts," a tem- porary king in Siam, iv. 149, 150,
155. *56
and Lady of the May, ii. 62, 90 sq.
of Misrule, ix. 251, 312 ; at Bod-
min, ii. 319 n.1 ; in England, ix.
331 m>
of the Rice, in Siam, iv. 150 n.
of the Wells at Midsummer in Fulda,
xi. 28 of the Wood among the Gayos
of Sumatia, offerings to the, ii. 36,
125
Lome, the Beltane cake in, x. 149
Lorraine, " killing the dog of the harvest" in, vii. 273 ; King and Queen of the Bean in, ix. 315 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 169 ; the Yule log in, x. 253 ; Mid- summer customs in, xi. 47. See also Lothringen
Loryma in Caria, Adonis worshipped at, v. 227 n.
Losengrad, the district of, in Thrace, masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 332
Loss of the shadow regarded as ominous, iii. 88
Lostwithiel in Cornwall, temporary king at, iv. 153 sq.
Lot, the Fox at threshing in, vii. 297
Loth, J., on the Twelve Days, ix. 325 n.8
Lothringen (Lorraine), 4I Killing the Old Woman " at threshing in, vii. 223 ; the harvest Dog in, vii. 273 ; the harvest Bull in, vii. 288. See also Lorraine
Lots, Greek custom as to the drawing of, vi. 248 ; cast at Purim, ix. 361 sq.
Lottin, the island of, ix. 109
Lotus-tree, shorn tresses of Vestal virgins hung on a, iii. 275
Loucheux, the, of North- West America, the power of medicine-men among, i. 356 ; and Hare-skin Indians for- bidden to eat the sinew of the leg of animals, viii. 265
Loudoun, in Ayrshire, fires on St. Peter's Day in the parish of, x. 207
Louhans, in Saone-et- Loire, the Fox at
harvest at, vii. 296 sq. Louis XIV. as King of the Bean, ix.
313 ; at Midsummer bonfire in Paris,
xi. 39 Louisiade Islands sacred trees in the,
ii. 17 Louisiana, festival of new corn in, viii.
77 sqq. , the Indians of, kept bones of
beavers and otters from dogs, vai. 239;
lamented the death of the buffaloes
which they were about to kill, viii.
242 Lous, a month of the Syro-Macedonian
calendar, iv. 113, 116, vii. 258, 259,
i*. 355» 358 Love, magical images to procure, i. 77 ;
cures for, i. 161, ix. 3 ; illicit, thought
to blight the fruits of the earth, ii.
107 sqq. Love charm, footprints and marigolds in
a, i. 2ii ; of arrows, x. 14 charms practised on St. George's
Day, ii. 345 sq. ; by means of hair, iii.
270 " Chase" among the Kirghiz, ii.
301 Lover's Leap, a cape in the island oi
Leucas, human scapegoats at the, ix.
254 Lovers won by knots, iii. 305 ; term
applied to the Baalim, v. 75 n. ; leap
over the Midsummer bonfiies, x. 165,
166, 168, 174 of goddesses, their unhappy ends,
i. 39 sq., vl 158 sq. of Semiramis and Ishtar, their sad
fate, ix. 371 sq. Low, Sir Hugh, on Dyak belief as to
souls of dead in trees, ii. 30 sq. ;
on Dyak treatment of heads of slain
enemies, v. 295 Low Countries, the Yule log in the, x.
249
Lowell, Percival, his fire- walk, xi. 10 n.1 Loyalty Islands, recall of a lost soul in
the, iii. 54
Lua and Saturn, vi. 233 Luang-Sermata Islands, belief as to cauls
in the, i. 188 Luangwa, district of Northern Rhodesia,
prayers to dead ancestors in, vi. 175 sq. Luba, in Busoga, pretended human
sacrifice at, iv. 215 Lubare, god, in the language of the
Baganda, i. 395 Llibeck, church of St. Mary at, immortal
lady in the, x. 100 Lucan, on the Druids, i. 2 n.1
, the Thessalian witch in, iii. 390
Lucerne, Lenten fire-custom in the canto*
GENERAL INDEX
351
of, x. 118 sq. ; bathing at Midsummer in, xi. 30
Luchon, in the Pyrenees, serpents burnt alive at the Midsummer festival in, xi.
38 J?., 43
Lucian, on hair offerings, i. 28 ; on the procedure of a Syrian witch, iii. 270 ; on the names of the Eleusmian priests, iii. 382 ; on the death of Peregnnus, iv. 42, v. 181 ; on religious prostitu- tion, v. 58 ; on image of goddess at Hierapolis-Bambyce, v. 137 «.a; on dispute between Hercules and Aescula- pius, v. 209 sq. ; on the ascension of Adonis, v. 225 n.9 ; old scholium on, viii. 17 ; as to the rites of Hierapohs, ix. 392 ; on the Platonic doctrine of the soul, xi. 221 n.1
Lucma, how she delayed the birth of Hercules, iii. 298 sq. See also Juno Lucina
Lucius, E., on the Assumption of the Virgin, i. 15 n.1
Luck, bad, transferred to trees, ix. 54 ; leaping over the Midsummer fires for good, x. 171, 189
Luckau, races at harvest-festival near, vii.
?6. Luckiness of the right hand, x. 151
Lucky names, men with, chosen by
Romans to open enterprises of moment,
in. 391 n.1 Lucretius, on the origin of fire among
men, ii. 257 n. Ludhaura, marriage of the tulasi to the
Salagrama at, 11. 27 Ludlow in Shropshire, the tug-of-war at,
ix. 182 Lug, Celtic god, i. 17 ».a ; legendary
Irish hero, iv. 99, 101 Lugaba, the supreme god of the Bahima,
vi. 190
Lugg, river, in Radnorshire, ix. 183 Lugnasad, the ist of August, in Ireland,
iv. 101 Lules or Tonocotes of the Gran Chaco,
their behaviour in an epidemic, ix.
122 sq. Lumholtz, C. , on agricultural ceremonies
of the Tarahumare Indians of Mexico,
vii. 227 sq. ; on the transference of
fatigue to sticks or stones, ix. 10 ; on
the dances of the Tarahumares of
Mexico, ix. 236 sqq. ; on Huichol
superstition as to the growth of corn,
ix. 347 n.s Lumi lali, consecrated rice-field, among
the Kayans of Borneo, vii. 93, 108 Lunar calendar corrected by observation
of the Pleiades, vii. 314 sq.t 315 sq. ;
of Mohammedans, x. 216 sq., 218 sq. — — months of Greek calendar, vii.
52 sq. , 82 ; observed by savages, vi'.
117. 125
Lunar and solar years, attempts to har- monize, iv. 68 sq. , vii. 80 sq., ix.
325^-. 339. 34i -W
sympathy, the doctrine of, vi. 140
sqq.
year equated to solar year by inter- calation, ix. 325, 342 sq.
Liineburg, district of, harvest custom in the, vii. 230 ; the Harvest-goat at, vii. 283
Luneville, calf killed at harvest at, vii. 290
Lung-fish clan among the Baganda, vi. 224
Lung-wong, Chinese rain-god, i. 299
Lungs or liver of bewitched animal burnt or boiled to compel the witch to appear, x. 321 sq.
Luritcha tribe of Central Australia, their custom of killing and eating children, iv. 1 80 w.1; their belief in the rein- carnation of the dead, v. 99 ; destioy the bones of their enemies to prevent them from coming to life again, viii. 260
Lusatia (Lausitz), custom of "Carrying out Death" in, iv. 239, 247, 249; the "Witch-burning" in, ix. 163. See also Lausitz
Luschan, Professor F. von, on kings of Dahomey and Benin in animal forms, iv. 85 «.8, 86 n.1 \ on images stuck with nails, ix. 70 n.1
Lushais of Assam, men dressed as women, women dressed as men, among the, vi. 255 n.1 ; their belief in demons, ix. 94 ; sick children passed through a coil among the, xi. 185 sq.
Lussac, in Vienne, death of the Carnival on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 226 ; Mid- summer fires at, x. 191
Lute- playing, charm for, i. 152
Luther, Martin, burnt in eflfigy at Mid- summer, x. 167, 172 sq. , xi. 23
Luxemburg, "Burning the Witch" in, xi. 116
Luxor, paintings at, ii. 131, 133; reliefs in temple at, iii. 28 ; temples at, vi. 124
Luzon, in the Philippine Archipelago, the Ilocans of, i. 142, 179, ii. 18, iii. 44 ; Bon toe in, ii. 30, vii. 240 ; the Apoyaos of, vii. 241 ; rice -fields guarded against wild hogs in, viii 33 ; the Catalangans of, viii. 124 ; the Irayas of, viii. 124 ; exorcism in, ix. 260
Lyall, Sir Alfred C., on the opposition between religion and magic, i. 224 n.1
Lyall, Sir Charles J., on the system of
35*
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
mother -kin among the Khasis, vi. 202 sq.
Lycaeus, Mount, rain-making spring on, i. 309 ; rain-charm practised by the priest of Zeus on, ii. 359 ; sanctuary of Zeus on, iii. 88 ; festival of Zeus on, iv. 70 n.1; human sacrifices on, iv. 163, ix. 353
Lycaonian plain, v. 123
Lyceum or Place of Wolves at Athens, viii. 283, 284
Lycia, Patara in, ii. 135 ; flowers in, v. 187 «.6 ; Mount Chimaera in, v. 221 ; mother-kin in, vi. 21* sq.
Lycian language, question of its affinity, vi. 213 w.1
men dressed as women in mourning,
vi. 264
Lycium europaeum, L. , ix. 153 #.1
Lycomedes, king of Scyros, Achilles at the court of, ii. 278
Lycopolis, in Egypt, the wolf, the beast- god of, viii. 172
Lycosura, in Arcadia, taboos observed in the sanctuary of the Mistress at, iii. 327 n. , 314, viii. 46 ; statue of Demeter or Persephone in the sanctuary of the two goddesses at, viii. 339
Lycurgus, king of the Edomans in Thrace, put to death to restore fertility to land, i. 366 ; torn in pieces by horses, vi. 98, 99, vii. 241 ; slew his son Dryas, vii.
24. 25
Lycus, valley of the, at Hierapolis, v. 207 Lyrlia, female descent of kingship in, ii. 281 sq. ; prostitution of girls before marriage in, v. 38, 58 ; the lion-god of, v. 184 ; the Burnt Land of, v. 193 sq. ; traces of mother- kin in, vi. 259 ; the burning of kings in, ix. 391 Lydian kings held responsible for the weather and the crops, i. 366, v. 183 ; their divinity, v. 182 sqq. \ traced their descent from Ninus and Hercules, ix.
39i Lydians celebrate a festival of Dionysus
in spring, vii. 15 Lydus, Joannes, on Phrygian rites at
Rome, v. 266 «.a ; on the expulsion of
Mamurius Vetuiius, ix. 229 n.1 Lyell, Sir Charles, on hot springs, v. 213
n.4 ; on volcanic phenomena in Syria
and Palestine, v. 222 «.1 Lying-in women, widespread fear of, iii.
i$o sqq.\ sacred, iii. 151 Lynxes not called by their proper name,
iii. 398
Lyons, the harvest Cat in the neighbour- hood of, vii. 280 Lyre as instrument of religious music, v.
52 sq. , 54 sq. ; the instrument of Apollo,
y. 288
Lysimachus scatters the bones cf the
kings of Epirus, vi. 104 Lythrum salicaria, purple loosestrife,
gathered at Midsummer, xi. 65
Ma, goddess of Comana in Pontus, v. 39, 265 n.1, ix. 421 w.1
Ma-hlaing, district of Burma, rain-making in, i. 288
Maass, E. , on the identification of Donar with Jupiter, hi. 364 «.8
Mablaan, chief of the Bawenda, revered as rain-maker, i. 351
Mabuiag, island in Torres Straits, use ot magical images in, i. 59 ; rain-making in, i. 262 ; charms to raise the wind in, i. 323 sq. ; the fire-drill in, ii. 209 ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, iii. 147, x. 36 sq. ; continence observed during turtle-season and before hunting dugong in, iii. 192 ; bull - roarers thought to promote the growth of garden produce in, vii. 106 ; the Sam or Cassowary totem in, viii. 207 ; dread and seclusion of women at men- struation in, x. 78 sq. ; girls at puberty in, x. 92 n.1 ; belief as to a species of mistletoe in, xi. 79
Macahity, an annual festival in Hawaii, iv. 117
Macahster, Mrs. Alexander, on the harvest Maiden in Perthshire, vii. 157 rt.3
Macalister, Professor R. A. Stewart, on infant burial at Gezer, v. 109 n. 1
Macassar in Celebes, words tabooed to sailors in, iii. 413 ; magical unguent in, x. 14
Macassars of Celebes, their belief as to the blighting effect of the blood of incestuous persons, ii. no; their cus- tom of swinging, iv. 277 ; ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183
Maccabees, the Second Book of, its date, ix. 360
M'Carthy, Sir Charles, eaten by the Ashantees to make them brave, viii. 149
McClintock, Walter, on a legend of the Blackfoot Indians concerning the Plei ades, vii. 311
MacCorquodale, John, on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in Glencoe, vii. 165 ; on the harvest Callback at Crian- larich, vii. 166
Mac Crauford, the great arch witch, x.
293 MacCulloch, J. A., on the Twelve Days,
ix. 326 n. Macdonald, Rev. James, on magic to
catch fish in the Highlands, i. no;
on Bride's bed in the Highlands, ii
GENERAL INDEX
353
94 «.* ; on the fire-drill in South-East Africa, ii. 210 sq. ; on a custom of infanticide in South Africa, iv. 183 ».a; on the worship of ancestors among the Bantus, vi. 176 ; on the correction of the Caffre lunar calendar by observa- tion of the Pleiades, vii. 315 sq. \ on the Pondo festival of new fruits, viii. 66 sq. ; on the expulsion of demons in some South African tribes, ix. in w.1 ; on the story of Headless Hugh, xi. 131 n.1 ; on external soul in South Africa, xi. 156
Macdonald, King of the Isles, i. 160, 161
Macdonalds, the, supposed to heal a
certain disease by their touch, i. 370 n.8
Macdonell, Professor A. A., on Agni, xi. 296
Macdonell, Lady Agnes, on the custom of horn-blowing at Penzance on May Day, ix. 164 w.1
McDougall, W. , and G. Hose, on creep- ing through a cleft stick after a funeral, among the Kayans of Borneo, xi. 176 n.1 See also Hose, Dr. Charles
Mace of Narmer, representation of the Sed festival on the, vi. 154
Maceboard, the, a procession of Summer in the Isle of Man, iv. 258
Macedonia, custom as to children's cast teeth in, i. 180 sq. ; ram -making among the Greeks of, i. 272 sq. , 274 ; wooden effigies of swallows earned about the streets on the ist of March in, viii. 322 n, ; demons and ghosts hammered into walls in, ix. 63 ».4; Midsummer fires among the Greeks of, x. 212 ; bonfires on August ist in, x. 220 ; need-fire among the Serbs of Western, x. 281 ; St. John's flower at Midsummer in, xi. 50
Macedonian calendar, vii. 258 sq.
farmers, their homoeopathic magic
at digging their fields, i. 139
— peasantry burn effigies of Judas at
Easter, x. 131
superstitions as to the Twelve Days,
ix. 320
Macedonians preserve their nail -parings for the resurrection, iii. 280
Macfarlane, Mr. , of Faslane, as to the last corn at harvest, vii. 158 «.2
McGregor, A. W., on the nte of new birth among the Akikuyu, xi. 263
MacGregor, Sir William, on the political power of magicians in British New Guinea, i. 337 ; and the Alake of Abeokuta, iv. 203 ».2
Macha, Queen, Irish fair said to have been instituted in her honour, iv. 100
Machindranath temple at Lhasa, ix. 219
Maclntyre, Duncan, on the harvest Cailleach, vii. 166
Mack, a usurper in Tonqum, iii. 19
Mackay, Alexander, on need - fire, x. 294 sq.
Mackays, sept of the "descendants of the seal," xi. 131 sq.
Mackenzie, Sheriff- Substitute David J., on Up-helly-a' at Lerwick, ix. 169 «.a, x. 268 w.1
Mackenzie, E. , on need-fire, x. 288
Maclagan, Dr. R. C. , on the harvest Maiden and Old Wife in the High- lands of Scotland, vii. 165 sq.
Maclay coast of Northei n New Guinea, n. 254, iii. 109
McLennan, J. F., on deega and beena maniage, ii. 271 w.1 ; on the bride- race, u 301 ».* ; on custom of chiefs marrying their sisters, iv. 194 w.1 ; on brother and hister marriages, v. 44 n.a, vi. 216 w.1
" Macleod's Fairy Baunci," i. 368
Macphail, John, on need-fire, x. 293 sq.
Macpherson, Major S. C. , on human sacrifices among the Khonds, vii. 250
Macrobius, on Janus, ii. 385 «.2 ; OH the mourning Aphrodite, v. 30 ; on the Egyptian year, vi. 28 ;/.8 ; on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 121 ; his solar theory of the gods, vi. 121, 128 ; on the influence of the moon, vi. 132 ; on institution of the Saturnalia, ix. 345 n.1
McTaggart, Dr. J. McT. Ellis, on trans- migration, viii. 309 n.1
Macusis of Rutish Guiana, their belief in dreams, iii. 36 sq. ; custom observed by parents after childbirth among the, iii. 159 n. ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 60
Madagascar, kings of, as high-priests, i. 47 sq. ; foods tabooed in, i. 117 sq. ; custom of women in Madagascar while men are at war, i. 131 ; magical use ol stones in, i. 160 ; modes of counteract- ing evil omens in, i. 173 sq. ; chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature in, i. 354 ; the Antaimorona of, i. 354 ; the Antimores of, i. 354 ; the Betsileo of, i. 397, iii. 246, viii. 116, 289; the Hovas of, i. 397, viii. 116 ; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in, i. 401 n.* ; custom of passing new- born children through the fire in, ii. 232 ».8 ; recall of lost souls in, iii. 54 ; mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95 ; the Mahafaly country in, iii. 103 ; the Zafimanelo of, iii. 116; the Antam- bahoaka of, iii. 216 ; the Antandroy of, iii. 227 ; the Tanala of, iii. 227, vii. 9, viii. 290 ; blood of nobles
354
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
not to be shed in, iii. 243 ; taboo on mentioning personal names in, iii. 327 ; the Sakalavas of, in. 327, iv. 202, viii. 40 n. ; natives of, reluctant to name the dead, in. 353 ; names of chisfs and kings tabooed in, iii. 378 sqq. ; tabooed words in, in. 401 ; belief as to the transmigration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84 ; vicarious sacri- fice for a king in, vi. 221 ; men dressed as women in, vi. 254 ; first - fruits offered to kings in, viii. 116 ; mourners rub themselves with the juices of the dead in, vni. 163 ; crocodiles re- spected in, vni. 214 sq. ; belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals in, viii. 289 sq. ; the Antan- karana of, viii. 290; the Sihanaka of, ix. 2 sq. \ stones or clods thrown on solitary graves in, ix. 19 ; transference of evils in, ix. 33 sq. See alw Malagasy
Madangs of Borneo, custom observed by them after a funeral, xi. 175 sq.
Madder-harvest, Dutch custom at, vii. 23*. 235^.
Madenassana Bushmen, their reluctance to look on their sacred animal the goat, viii. 28 sq.
Madern, parish of, Cornwall, holed stone in, xi. 187
Madi or Moru tribe of Central Africa bury their nail -parings, ni. 277 ; their sacrament of a lamb, viii. 314 sq. ; their annual sacrifice of a lamb, ix. 217
Madiutn district in Java, deceiving the spirit of a plant in the, ii. 23
Madness of Orestes, cured by sitting on a stone, i. 161. See also Insanity
Madonie Mountains, in Sicily, Midsum- mer fires on the, x. 210
Madonna, effigies of, sold and eaten, viii. 94
and Isis, their resemblance, vi. 119
Madras, ceremonies after the killing of a cobra in, iii. 222 sq.
Madras Presidency, the fire-walk in the, xi. 6
Madura, island off Java, inspired mediums in, i. 384 ; the Kappiliyans of, x. 69 ; the Parivarams of, x. 69
Maeander, the river, supposed to take the virginity of brides, ii. 162 ; the valley of, subject to earthquakes, v. 194 ; sanctuaries of Pluto in the valley of, v. 205, 206 ; Lityerses thrown by Hercules into, vii. 217
Maera, the dog of Icarus, iv. 281
Maeseyck, in Belgium, processions with torches on first Sunday in Lent at, x. 107 sq.
Mafuie, the Samoan god of earthquakes, v. 200
Magarsus in Cilicia, v. 169 «.3
Magdalen College, Oxford, the Boj Bishop at, ix. 337
Magdeburg, the Flax-mother near, vii. 133 ; the last sheaf called Grandmother near, vii. 136 ; reaper who cut the lasl corn wrapt in corn-stalls near, vii. 221
Maggots eaten at an initiatory rite, viii, 141
Maghs of Bengal, their ceremony al felling a tree, ii. 38
Magian priests, ii. 241 «.4
Magic, principles of, i. 52 sqq. ; based on misapplications of the association oi ideas, i. 53 sq.t 221 sq. ; in ancient India, i. 63 sq. , 228 sq. , ix. 91; in modern India, i. 64 sq. ; m ancient Egypt, i. 66, 67 sq. , 225, 230 sq. ; ir ancient Babylonia, i. 66 sq. ; positive and negative, i. in sq. , 117; blenl with the worship of the dead, i. 164 physical basis of, i. 174 sq. ; public and private, i. 214 sq. , 245; benefit? conferred by, i. 218 sq. ; has paved the way for science, i. 219 ; attractior of, i. 221 ; fatal flaw of, i. 221 sq. , opposed in principle to religion, i. 224; older than religion, i. 233 sqq. ; uni- versality of belief in, i. 234 - 236 transition from magic to religion, i. 237 sqq. , ii. 376 sq. ; the fallacy of, not easy to detect, i. 242 sq. ; combinec with religion, i. 347 ; the fallacy of gradually detected, i. 372 ; decline* with the growth of religion, i. 374 strangers suspected of practising, in. 1 02 ; wrought by means of refuse o food, iii. 126 sqq. ; wrought througt clippings of hair, iii. 268 sqq., 275, 277, 278 sq. ; wrought on a mar through his name, in. 318, 320 sqq. degenerates into games, vii. no n. dwindles into divination, vii. no n, x. 336 ; of a flesh diet, vii. 138 sqq. the belief in, persists under the highei religions, ix. 89 sq. ; movement o thought from magic through religior to science, xi. 304 sq.
, the Age of, i. 235, 237, iv. 2
, contagious, i. 52-54, 174-214,
iii. 246, 268, 272 ; based on a mis taken association of ideas, i. 53 sq. , 174 of teeth, i. 176-182 ; of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), K 182-201 of wound and weapon, i. 201 sqq. ; o footprints, i. 207-212; of other im pressions, i. 213 sq.
and ghosts, mugwort a protectiot
against, xi. 59
, homoeopathic or imitative, i. 55
sqq. , iil 151, 152, 207, 295, 298, iv,
355
283, 285, vii. 10, 62, 262, 267, 331, 333' 334. viii. 272, ix. 177, 232, 248, 257, 404, x. 49, 133, 329, xi. 231, 287 ; based on a mistaken association of ideas, i. 53 ; in medicine, i. 78 sqq. \ for the supply of food, i. 85 sqq. ; in fish- ing and hunting, i. 108 sqq. ; to make plants grow, i. 136 sqq. ; of the dead, i. 147 sqq. \ of animals, i. 150 sqq. ; of inanimate things, i. 157 sqq. ; of iron, i. 159 sq. \ of stones, i. 160 sqq. \ of the heavenly bodies, i. 165 sq. ; of the tides, i. 166 sqq. ; to annul evil omens, i. 170-174 ; for the making of rain, i. 247 sqq.
Magic, negative, equivalent to taboo, i. in sqq. ; examples of, i. 143
and religion, i. 220-243, 250, 285,
286, 347, 352, ii. 376 sq. ; confused together, i. 226 sqq. ; their historical antagonism comparatively late, i. 226 ; Hegel on, i. 423 sqq. ; combination of, v. 4
and science, their analogy, i. 220
sq. ; different views of natural order postulated by the two, xi. 305 sq.
sympathetic, i. 51 sqq. , iii. 126,
130, 164, 201, 204, 258, 268, 287, iv. 77, vii. i, n, 102, 139, vin. 33, 271, 311 sq. , ix. 399; the two branches of, Homoeopathic and Contagious, i. 54 ; examples of, i. 55 sqq.
and witchcraft, permanence of the
belief in, ix. 89. See also Soicery and Witchcraft
Magic flowers of Midsummer Eve, xi. 45 sqq.
Magical bone in sorcery, x. 14
ceremonies for the multiplication of
totemic animals, plants, etc. , in Central Australia, {.85 sqq. ; for the revival of nature in spring, iv. 266 sqq. ; for the revival of nature in Central Australia, iv. 270 ; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 3 sqq.
changes of shape, vii. 305
control of the weather, i. 244 sqq. ;
of rain, i. 247 sqq. ; of the sun, i. 311 sqq. ', of the wind, i. 319 sqq.
dramas to promote vegetation, ii.
1 20, vii. 187 sq. ; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 sq.
implements not allowed to touch
the ground, x. 14 sq.
influence of medicine-bag, xi. 268
origin of certain religious dramas,
ii. 142 sq., v. 4, vii. 187 sq.t ix. 373 sq.
significance of games in primitive
agriculture, vii. 92 sqq,
type of man-god, i. 244
uses made of the bodies of the dead,
vi. loo sqq.
Magical virtues of plants at Midsummer apparently derived from the sun, xi. 71 sq.
Magician, public, his rise to power, i. 215 sqq.
and priest, their antagonism, i.
226
Magician's apprentice, Danish story of
the, xi. 121 sqq.
Glass, the, x. 16
progress, the, {.214 sqq., 335 sqq.
Magicians claim to compel the gods, i.
225 ; gods viewed as, i 240 sqq. ;
importance of rise of professional
magicians, i. 245 sqq. ; as kings, i.
332 sqq. ', political power of, i. 335
sqq. ; develop into gods and kings, i.
375 ; the oldest professional class in
the evolution of society, i. 420 ; develop
into kings, i. 420 sq. ; make evil use
of spilt blood, iii. 246. See also
Magic, Medicine-men, Shamans, and
Sorcerers
, Egyptian, their power of compel- ling the deities, i. 225, iii. 389 sq. Magnesia on the Maeander, sacred cave
near, i. 386 ; device on coins of, i.
386 «.a ; worship of Zeus at, vi. 238 ;
image of Dionysus in a plane-tree at,
vii. 3 ; sacrifice of bull at, viii. 7 sq. ;
the month of Cronion in, viii. 7, 8 n.lt
ix. 351 «.a Magnets thought to keep brothers at
unity, i. 165
Magondi, a Mashona chief, i. 393 sq. Magpies' nests, custom of robbing the,
viii. 321 «.8 Magyar tale, resurrection of hero in a,
viii. 263 Magyars, Midsummer fires among the,
x. 178 sq. ; stories of the external
soul among the, xi. 139 sq. Maha Makham, the Great Sacrifice,
celebrated every twelfth year at Calicut,
iv. 49 Mahabharata, the, Indian epic, the Nagas
in, i. 383 n.* ; Draupadi and her five
husbands in, ii. 306, xi. 7 Mahadeo, mock human sacrifices offered
by the Bhagats to a, iv. 217 s$. and Parvati, married Indian deities,
their images worshipped, v. 242, 251 Mahadeva, Indian god, husband of
Parvati, v. 241 ; propitiation of, ix.
197 Mahafaly country, in Madagascar,
formerly tabooed to strangers, iii. 103 Mahafalys of Madagascar, their chiefs not
allowed to sail the sea or cross rivers,
iii. 10 Mahakam Dyaks of Borneo, i. 159
River in Borneo, iii. 104, vii. 98,
356
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
99 «-li *86, 187, 314 ; the Kayans of the, vii. 314
Maharajas, a Hindoo sect, worship their spiritual chiefs as incarnations of Krishna, i. 406 ; believe that bathing in a sacred well is a remedy for barren- ness in women, ii. 160 sq.
Mahdi, an ancient, v. 74
Mahratta, dancing-girls in, v. 62
Mahrattas, their belief in human incar- nations of the elephant -headed god Gunputty, i. 405
Mahua tree (Bassia latifolia] worshipped by the Mannewars in India, viii. 119
AfaAwd-tree, bride tied to, at a Munda marriage, ii. 57
Mai Darat, a Sakai tribe of the Malay Peninsula, their exorcism of demons by means of effigies, viii. 102
Maia or Majestas, the wife of Vulcan, vi. 232 sq.
Maiau, hero in form of crocodile, v.
139 --1
Maiden, the (Persephone), the descent of, vi. 41 ; name given to last corn cut in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 140, 153, 155 sqq.t 164 sqq. \ or Corn- maiden, name given to puppet made of rye at end of reaping near Wolfen- buttel, vii. 150
Maiden Feast at end of harvest in Perth- shire, vii. 156
" -flax" at Midsummer, xi. 48
Maiden's Well at Eleusis, vii. 36
Maidenhead, name of last standing corn on the Gareloch, vii. 158
Maidhdeanbuain or Maighdean-Bhuana, " the shorn Maiden " at harvest in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 155 sq.t 164, 165
Maidu Indians of California, taboos ob- served by women and children in absence of hunters among the, i. 122; the importance of shamans among the, i. 357 sq. \ seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 42 ; their notion as to fire in trees, xi. 295 ; their idea of lightning, xi. 298
Maillotins on May Day, in the depart- ment of Mayenne, ii. 63
Maimonides, on loading a fruit-tree with stones, i. 140 ; on a custom observed at grafting by the heathen of Harran, ii. 100 ».2 ; on the seclusion of men- struous women, x. 83
Maine, French department, oaks wor- shipped in, ii. 371
Mairs, in India, their custom of sacrificing their first-born sons to the small-pox goddess, iv. 181
Maize, Mexican goddesses of, i. 136, vii.
176, ix. 285 sq.t 286 «.*, 290, 29 292, 294, 295 ; homoeopathic mag to promote the growth of, i. 136, 13; magical stones for the increase of, 162 ; continence at sowing, ii. 101 custom at maize harvest inTransylvani iv. 254 ; time of the maize- harve in modern Greece, vii. 48 ; cultivate in Africa, vii. 114, 115, 119, 13', cultivated in South America, vii. 12 124 ; cultivated in Assam, vii. 12; compared to a mother, vii. 130 ; Amei can personification of, vii. 171 sqq personified as an Old Woman wl Never Dies, vii. 204 sq. ; cultivated Burma, vii. 242 ; Mexican goddess the White, lepers sacrificed to her, v 261 ; thought to be dependent on tl Pleiades, vii. 310 ; red, a totem of tl Omahas, vin. 25 sq. \ the Mexict goddess of the Young, ix. 278
Maize-mother, vii. 172 sqq.
Majhwars, Dravidian race of Mirzapti their use of iron as a talisman, iii. 23^ their use of chickens as scapegoats, i 36 ; their imprisonment of ghosts trees, ix. 60 sq.
Makalaka hills, to the west of MatabeL land, i. 394
Makalakas, their human god, i. 394 sq ceremony at the naming of a chil among the, iii. 369 sq. ; their offering of first-fruits, viii. no sq.
Makalanga, a Bantu tribe near Sofala, :
135 «-2
Makanga, African tribe, their belief th; the souls of dead chiefs are in lion; viii. 287 sq.
Makaram, an Indian mon(h, iv. 49
Makatissas of South Africa, their use t magical dolls, i. 71
Make-Make, a god in Easter Islanc viii. 133
Makololo, the, of South Africa, burn c bury their shorn hair for fear of witcl craft, iii. 281
Makral, "the witch," on first Sunday i Lent, at Grand Halleux, x. 107
Makrizi, Arab historian, on mode stopping rain, i. 252 ; on the custoi of throwing a virgin into the Nile, i 151 «.a; on the burning of effigies ( Haman at Purim, ix. 393 sq.
Malabar, use of magical images in, i. 64 iron as an amulet in, iii. 234 ; custoi of suicide observed by kings in, i\ 47 ; custom of Thalavettiparothicu in, iv. 53 ; religious suicide in, iv. 5 sq. ; use of cows as scapegoats in, i) 216 ; the Iluvans of, x. 5 ; the Tiyac of, x. 68
Malacca, the Mentras of, iii. 404
GENERAL INDEX
357
Malagasy, their homoeopathic magic at planting maize, i. 137 ; their use of children of living parents in ritual,
vi. 247 ; venerate crocodiles, viii. 215 ;
faditras among the, ix. 33 sq. Malagasy language, dialectical variations
of, caused by taboos on the names of
chiefs and kings, living or dead, iii.
378 sq. , 380 porters, their belief as to a woman
stepping over their poles, iii. 424 soldiers, foods tabooed to, i. 117
sq. ; male animals not to be killed in
the houses of absent, i. 119 whalers, rules observed by, iii. 191.
See also Madagascar Malanau tribes of Borneo, their use of a
special language in searching for
camphor, iii. 406 sq. ; their belief in the
transmigration of human souls into
animals, viii. 294 Malas, the, of Southern India, their
treatment of the placenta, i. 194 ;
their custom in drought, i. 284 n. \
their rain-charm by means of frogs, i.
294 ; talismans of Mala women at
childbirth, iii. 235 ; their communion
with a goddess by eating her edible
image, viii. 93 sq. Malassi, a fetish in West Africa, xi.
256 Malay charms by means of magical
images, i. 57 sq. ; at reaping rice, i.
139 sq. conception of the soul of rice, vii.
1 80 sqq. life, prevalence of magic in, iii.
416 «.4 magic, to catch crocodiles, i. no
sq. ; tinctured with a belief in spirits,
i. 220 n.1
maxim at planting maize, i. 136
miners, fowlers, and fishermen,
special forms of speech employed by,
iii. 407 sqq.
mode of rain-making, i. 262
Peninsula, power of medicine-men
among the wild tribes of the, i. 360
sq. ; special terms used with reference
to persons of the blood royal in the, i.
401 ».8 ; the Djakuns of the, ii. 236 ;
race for a bride among the indigenous
tribes of the, ii. 302 sq. ; art of abduct- ing human souls in the, iii. 73 sqq. \
the Besisis of the, iii. 87, ix. 226 n.1 ;
the Mentras or Mantras of the, vi. 140 ;
the Rice-mother in the, vii. 197 sqq. ;
the Mai Darat of the, viii. 102 ; the
Mantras of the, ix. 88
region, divinity of kings in, i. 398
. . society, parents named after their
children in, iii. 332
Malay story of the absence of the soul in a dream, iii. 38 «.4; of the transference of souls, iii. 49
superstitions in regard to tin, iii.
407 Malayalies of the Shervaray Hills, their
euphemism for a tiger, iii. 402 Malayans, devil -dancers in Southern India, practise a mock human sacrifice, iv. 216
Malayo-Siamese families of the Patani States, their custom as to the after- birth, xi. 163 sq.
Malays, taboos observed by the, in the search for camphor, i. 114 sq. ; tele- pathy in war among the, i. 127 ; theii belief as to the sunset glow, i. 319 ; their superstitious veneration for their rajahs, i. 361 ; regalia regarded as talismans among the, i. 362 ; their ceremony for making the durian-tree bear fruit, ii. 21 ; their ways of de- ceiving the spirits of trees and plants, ii. 22 sqq. ; their superstition as to toallong trees, ii. 41 ; their conception of the soul as a manmkin, iii. 28 ; their conception of the soul as a bird, iii. 34 sqq. ; their custom as to shadows in building a house, iii. 81 ; their super- stitions as to the head, iii. 254 ; taboos on cutting the hair among the, iii. 261 ; their belief in the Spectral Huntsman, iv. 178 ; their lunar years, vii. 314 ; their use of birds as scapegoats, ix. 35 ; stratification of religious beliefs among the, ix. 90 n.1 \ their story of the ex- ternal soul, xi. 147 sq. ; their belief as to sympathetic relation between man and animal, xi. 197 ; their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222
of Patani Bay, their ways of refer- ring to tigers, iii. 404; special language used by them in fishing, iii. 408 sq. ; a family of them related to crocodiles, viii. 212
Maldive Islands, special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal in the, i. 401 «.3 ; virgin sacrificed as bride to a jinnee of the sea in the, ii. 152 sqq. ; disposal of cut hair and nails in the, iii. 274
Male and female, the sticks of the fire- drill regarded by savages as, ii. 208 sqq., 218, 218 if.1, 223, 224, 226, 238, 249 sq. \ souls in Chinese philo- sophy, xi. 221
Male animals not to be killed in houses of absent Malagasy soldiers, i. 119
organ, effigy of, in rites of Diony- sus, vii. 12 ; effigy of, in Thracian ceremony, vii. 26, 29
Malecki (Maeletius, Menecius), J. , on the
358
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
heathen religion of the Lithuanians, ii.
366 „.« Malekootoos, a Bechuana tribe. See
Baperis Malemut Esquimaux unwilling to tell
their names, iii. 328 Malepa, Bantu tribe of the Transvaal,
will not taste blood, iii. 241 Maletsunyane, river in Basutoland, ii.
157
Malikolo, in the New Hebrides, heads of infants moulded artificially in, ii. 298
Malkin Tower, witches at the, x. 245 Malko - Tirnovsko, in the district of
Adrianople, masquerade at Carnival
at, viii. 331
Mallans of India, their use of a scape- goat in time of cholera, ix. 190 Mallows, riddles asked by old men
seated on, after a burial, ix. 122 n. Mallus in Cilicia, deities on coins of, v.
165 sq. Malmyz district of Russia, the Wotyaks
of, ii. 145, ix. 156 Malo, one of the New Hebrides, title to
nobility in, founded on sacrifice of pigs
to ancestors, i. 339 Malta, death of the Carnival in, iv. 224
sq. ; bilingual inscription of, v. 16 ;
Phoenician temples of, v. 35 ; fires on
St. John's Eve in, x. 210 sq. Maluango, the king of Loango, ii. 322 Malurus cyaneus, superb warbler,
women's " sister," among the Kurnai,
xi. 216
Malwa, in Western India, iv. 122 Mamilian tower at Rome, viii. 42, 44 Mamre, sacred oak or terebinth at, v.
Mamurius Veturius, annual expulsion of, in ancient Rome, ix. 2zgsqq.t 252, 257
Man, E. H., on the ignorance of the Andaman Islanders of the art of making fire, ii. 253 ; on the first fire of the Andaman Islanders, ii. 256 «.2
Man and animal, sympathetic relation between, xi. 272 sq.
, the Isle of, tying up the wind in knots in, i. 326 ; precautions against witches on May Day in, ii. 53 sq. hunting the wren in, viii. 318 sq. Midsummer fires in, x. 201, 337 old New Year's Day in, x. 224 sq. ; Hallowe'en customs in, x. 243 sq. \ bonfires on St. Thomas's Day in, x. 266 ; cattle burnt alive to stop a murrain in, x. 325 sqq. ; mugwort gathered on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 59. See also Isle of Man
"Man, the True," official title of the head of Taoism in China, i. 413
Man-god, the two types of, i. 244 sq. ;
notion of a man-god belongs to early
period of religious history, i. 374 sq. ;
contagious magical virtue of the, iii.
132 ; necessity for the isolation of the,
iii. 132; reason for killing the, iv. gsq.\
in China, ix. 117 sq. Mana, supernatural or magical power in
Melanesia, i. in n.2, 227, 228 n.lt
339
Manahiki, South Pacific, women after childbirth not allowed to handle food in, iii. 147 ; rejoicings at the appear- ance of the Pleiades in, vii. 312 sq.
Manasseh, King of Judah, his sacrifice of his children, iv. 170
Manchu dynasty, the life-tree of the, xi. 167 sq.
Mandai river, the Dyaks of the, ii. 40
Mandalay, human sacrifices at gateways of, iii. 90 ; kings of Burma screened from public gaze at, iii. 125 sq. ; the ceremony of head- washing at, iii. 253
Mandan Indians, afraid of having their portraits taken, iii. 97 ; their belief as to the stars, iv. 67 sq. ; their personi- fication of maize as an Old Woman, vii. 204 sq. ; their annual expulsion of the devil, ix. 171
Mandarins, deceased, deification of, i.
4i5
Mandeling, a district of Sumatra, treat- ment of the afterbirth in, i. 192 sq. ; the King of the Rice in, vii. 197 ; respect for tigers in, viii. 216
Mandelings of Sumatra, their excuses to tree-spirits for cutting down trees, ii. 36 ; open boxes, pans, etc. , to help childbirth, iii. 296
Mandingoes of Senegambia, their atten- tion to the phases of the moon, vi. 141
of Sierra Leone, kingship an honour
desired by few among the, iii. 18
Mandragora called ' ' the hand of glory " in France, xi. 316
Manegres of the Amoor, concealment of personal names among the, iii. 323
Maneros, chant of Egyptian reapers, vi. 45, 46, vii. 215, 258, 259, 261, 263, 264
Manes, first king of Lydia, v, 186 «.B
Manetho, on the Egyptian burnt-sacri- fice of red-haired men, vi. 97 ; on Isis as the discoverer of corn, vi. 116; on Osiris and Isis as the sun and moon, vi. 120; on human sacrifices in ancient Egypt, vii. 259 «.3
Mang-bettou. See Monbuttu
Shen, Chinese god of agriculture,
viii. n, 12
Than, the Warder of the Ox, in
Annam, viii. 13 sq>
GENERAL INDEX
359
Mangaia, Pacific island, priests inspired by gods in, i. 378 ; separation of religious and civil authority in, iii. 20
Mangaians, their story of a man whose strength varied with the length of his shadow, iii. 87 ; their preference for a violent death, iv. 10
Mang'anje woman, her external soul in an ivory ornament, xi. 156
Manggarais, the, of Flores, forbidden to utter their own names, ni. 324
Mango married to a tamarind or a jas- mine in India, ii. 25
Mango crop, feast of the new, viii. 119
tree, bridegroom tied to, at a
Munda marriage, ii. 57 ; worshipped by the Nahals, viii. 119; festival of wild, x. 7 sqq. ; ceremony for the fertilization of the, x. 10
Mani of Chitombe or Jumba, potentate in West Africa, his hair, teeth, and nails kept after death as a rain -charm, iii. 271
Mania.) an ancient Roman bogey, i. 22 ; the Mother or Grandmother of Ghosts, viii. 94, 96
Maniae, a kind of loaf, viii. 94
Manichaeans, their theory of earthquakes, v. 197
Manichaeus, the heretic, his death, v. 294 «.3
Manii, many, at Aricia, a proverb, i. 22, viii. 94 sqq.
Manioc or cassava cultivated in Africa, vii. 119 ; cultivated in South America, vii. 1 20 sq., 122
Manipur, rain-making in, i. 252, 283^.; the Chirus of, i. 289 ; rain-making by means of a stone in, i. 304 sg. ; the Tangkhuls of, ii. 100 ; the Kabuis of, ii. 1 06 ; the hill tribes of, diet of religious chiefs among, iii. 292 ; the Murrams of, iii. 292 ; the Naga tribes of, iii. 292, iv. ii, vi. 57 sg. \ mode of counting the years in, iv. 117 n.1 ; rajahs of, descended from a snake, iv. 133 ; the Rajah of, his sins trans- ferred to a substitute, ix. 39 ; annual ' eponyms in, ix. 39 sq.
Manitoo, personal totem, xi. 273 n.1
Manius Egerius, said to have founded the sacred grove at Aricia, i. 22, viii. 95
Manna, ceremony for the magical multi- plication of, i. 88 sq.
Mannewars, the, a forest tribe of the Central Provinces in India, their wor- ship of the Bassia latifolia, viii. 119
Mannhardt, W., iv. 249 w.4, vii. 258, viii. 337 ; on loading trees with stones, i. 140 «.8 ; on rain-making by drenching trees, ii. 47 ; on the Har- vest-May, ii. 48 ; on the representation
of the spirit of vegetation at the spring festivals of Europe, ii. 78 sq. ; on the May King, Queen of May, etc., ii. 84; on the pinching and beheading of frogs as a rain-charm, ii. 87 ; on a French custom at May Day, ii. 93 w.1; on the "carrying out of Death," iv. 253 ; on the European ceremonies for the revival of vegetation in spring, iv. 267 sq. ; on placing children in win- nowing-fans, vii. 1 1 ; on the etymology of Demeter, vii. 131 ; on the Corn- mother or Barley-mother in modern Europe, vii. 132 ; on corn-puppet called Ceres, vii. 135 ; on the identifi- cation of the harvester with the corn- spirit, vii. 138 sq. ; on the Peruvian Maize -mother, Quino- mother, etc., vii. 172 ; on the corn-spirit in human form, vii. 204 ; on Lityerses, vii. 217 n.1, 218 n.1 ; on the corn-spirit in the corn last cut or threshed, vii. 222 ; on the mythical calf of the corn, vii. 292 ; on corn-spirit as horse, vii. 294 ; on goat-formed woodland deities, viii. 2 sq. ; on the sacrifice of the October horse at Rome, viii. 42 n.1 ; on the golden leg of Pythagoras, viii. 263 ; on processions of animals or of men disguised as animals, viii. 325 ; on processions of maskers representing the spirits of vegetation, ix. 250 ; on beating human scapegoats, ix. 255, 272 ; on the human victims at the Thargelia, ix. 257 «.4; on fire-customs, x. 106 n.3 ; his theory that the fires of the fire-festivals are charms to secure sunshine, x. 329, 331 sqq. ; on torches as imitations of lightning, x. 340 n.1 ; on the Hirpi Sorani, xi. 15 n. ; on burning leaf -clad representative of spirit of vegetation, xi. 25 ; on the human victims sacrificed by the Celts, xi. 33 ; his theory of the Druidical sacrifices, xi. 43 ; his solar theory of the bonfires at the European fire-festi- vals, xi. 72 ; on killing a cock on the harvest-field, xi. 280 n.
Mannikin, the soul conceived as a, iii. 26 sqq.
Manning, Percy, on May garlands in Hertfordshire, ii. 61 sq.
Man-slayers, purification of, iii. 165^^.; secluded, iii. 165 sqq. ; tabooed, iii. 165 sqq. ; haunted by ghosts of slain, iii. 165 sqq. ; their faces blackened, iii. 169 ; their bodies painted, iii. 175, 178, 179, 180, 186 n.1] their hair shaved, iii. 175, 177 ; taste the blood of their victims, viii. 154 sq. See also Homicide
Mantinea, Poseidon worshipped at, v.
36o
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
203 «.a ; sanctuary of Demeter at, vii. 4.6 «.a; games in honour of Antinous at, vii. 80, 85
Mantineans purify their city by sacrificial victims, iii. 189
Mantis religiosus, a totem in the Duke of York Island, xi. 248 n.
Mantras, the, of the Malay Peninsula, their fear of demons, ix. 88 sq.
Mantras, sacred texts recited as spells by the Brahmans, i. 403 sq.
Manu, Hindoo lawgiver, on the unclean- ness of women at menstruation, x. 95 ; on the three births of the Aryan, xi. 276 sq. See also Manu, the Laws of
Afanu, the Laws of, on the effects of a good king's reign, i. 366 ; on the divinity of kings and Brahmans, i. 403 ; on the rebirth of a father in his son, iv. 188 sq. ; on the transmigration of evil- doers into animals, viii. 298 sq.
Manure, ashes used as, vii. 117
Manx fishermen, tabooed words of, iii. 396
mummers at Hallowe'en, x. 224
Many Manii at Aricia, a proverb, i. 22, vni. 94 sqq.
Maori. See also New Zealand
Maori chiefs, their sanctity or taboo, iii. 134 sqq. \ their heads sacred, iii. 256 sq. ; their hair sacred, iii. 265
gods, ix. 8 1
language, synonyms in the, iii. 381
priest catches the soul of a tree, vi.
in n.1
sorcerers, their use of clipped hair,
nails, etc., iii. 269
Maoris, magical images among the, i. 71 ; magic of navel-string and afterbirth among the, i. 182 sq. ; their contagious magic of footprints, i. 208 ; acquainted with the sexes of trees, ii. 24 ; their belief as to fertilizing virtue of trees, ii. 56 ; their ceremonies on entering a strange land, iii. 109 ; persons who have handled the dead tabooed among the, iii. 1 38 sq. ; tabooed on the war-path, iii. 157; will not lean against the wall of a house, iii. 251 ; their spells at hair-cutting, iii. 264 sq. ; their belief as to falling stars, iv. 64 ; determined the beginning of their year by the rising of the Pleiades, vii. 313 ; their offering of first-fruits of sweet potatoes, viii. 133 ; warriors taste the blood of their slain foes among the, viii. 156 ; put the first fish caught back into the sea, viii. 252 ; birth-trees among the, xi. 163
Mar-na, a Philistine deity, ix. 418 n.1
Mara tribe of Northern Australia, burial rites of the, i. 102 sq. ; their rain- making, i. 251 ; their belief as to
falling stars, iv. 60 sq. \ initiation of medicine-men in the, xi. 239
Marake, an ordeal of being stung by ants and wasps among the Indians of French Guiana, x. 63 sq.
Marash, Hittite monuments at, v. 173
Maravars, the, of Southern India, their use of iron as a talisman, iii. 234
Maraves, the, of South Africa, revere a spiritual head called Chissumpe, i. 393 ; sanctity of burial-grounds among the, ii. 31 sq. ; their offering of first-fruits to the dead, viii. in ; pile stones on places where witches were burnt, ix. 19
Marburg, in Steiermark, the thresher of last corn disguised as a wolf at, viii.
327
Marcellus of Bordeaux, homoeopathic remedies prescribed by, i. 84 ; his cure for warts, ix. 48 ; on transference of toothache to a frog, ix. 50 ; on trans- ference of asthma to a mule, ix. 50 ; on transference of an intestinal disorder to a hare, ix. 50 sq. ; on medicines which may not touch the ground, x. 17
March, the old Slavs began the year with, iv. 221 sq. ; festival of Attis in, v. 267 ; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149 ; annual expulsion of witches in, ix. 157; annual expulsion of evils in, ix. 199 ; expulsion of Mamurius Veturius in, ix. 229, 231 ; old Roman year began in, ix. 231, 345; dances of the Salii in, ix. 232 ; custom of beating people and cattle in, ix. 266 ; festival of the Matronalia in, ix. 346 ; marriage festival of all the gods in, ix. 373 n. l ; the first month of the year in the oldest Persian calendar, ix. 402 ; the fire-walk in, xi. 6 ; mistletoe cut at the full moon of, xi. 84, 86
, the ist, sacred fire at Rome
annually extinguished on, ii. 267 ; cus- tom of "Driving out Death" on, iv. 235 ; wooden effigies of swallows carried about the streets on, viii. 322 n. ; bells rung to make the grass grow on, ix. 247 ; Roman festival of the Matronalia on, ix. 346
, the 25th, tradition that Christ was
crucified on, v. 306
March moon, woodbine cut in the increase of the, xi. 184
Marco Polo, on beating as a punishment in China, iii. 243 sq.
Mardi Gras, Shrove Tuesday, iv. 227. See Shrove Tuesday
Marduk or Merodach, chief Babylonian god, ix. 356, 357, 399 ; as a magician, i. 240 sq. ; his wives, ii. 130, v. 71 ; New Year festival of, iv. no, ix. 356 ; his image at Babylon, iv. 113; as a
GENERAL INDEX
361
deliverer from demons, ix. 103 ; the votaries of, ix. 372 w.a
Marduk and Mordecai, ix. 365, 405
and Tiamat, iv. 105 sq, , 107 sq.
Mare, treatment of the placenta of a, i. 199
. in foal, last sheaf of corn given to,
vii. 160, 162, 168
or horse, corn-spirit as, vii. 292 sqq. \
"crying the Mare" at end of reaping in * .srtfordshire and Shropshire, vii. 292 sqq. See also Mares
Afareielis, girls carrying May -trees or wreaths of flowers, at Zurich, iv. 260
Marena, Winter or Death, on Mid- summer Eve in Russia, iv. 262
Mares in homoeopathic magic, i. 152,
IS3
Marett, R. R., on taboo as negative magic, i. in n.2
Margas, exogamous totemic clans of the Battas of Sumatra, xi. 222 sq.
Mariandynian reapers, mournful song of, vii. 216
Marianne Islands, precautions as to spittle in the, iii. 288
Mariette-Pacha, A., on the burial of Osiris, vi. 89 n.
Marigolds, magic of, i. 211 ; used to adorn tombstones on All Souls' Day, vi. 71. See also Marsh-marigolds
Manlaun, A. Kerner von, on mistletoe, xi. 318 ».6
Marimos, a Bechuana tribe, their human sacrifices for the crops, vii. 240, 251
Manner, W. , on taboo in Tonga, iii. 140 ; on the sacrifice of first-fruits in the Tonga Islands, viii. 128 sqq.
Mariners at sea, special language em- ployed by, iii. 413 sqq.
Marjoram a protection against witch- craft, ix. 1 60, xi. 74 ; burnt at Mid- summer, x. 214 ; gathered at Mid- summer, xi. 51
Mark of Brandenburg, fruit-trees girt with straw at Christmas in the, ii. 17 ; race of bride and bridegioom in the, ii. 303 ; name of mice tabooed between Christmas and Twelfth Night in the, iii. 397 ; need-fire in the, x. 273 ; simples culled at Midsummer in the, xi, 48 ; St. John's blood in the, xi. 56 ; the divining-rod in the, xi. 67
Marketa, the holy, prayed to for good crops in Bohemia, iv. 238
Marks, bodily, of prophets, v. 74
Marksuhl, near Eisenach, harvest custom at, vii. 231
Marktl, in Bavaria, the Straw-goat at threshing at, vii. 286
Marno, Ernst, on the reverence of the Nuehr for their cattle, viii. 39
VOL. XII
Maroni river in Guiana, i. 156
Marotse. See Barotse
Marquesans, their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31 ; their regard for the sanctity of the head, iii. 254 sq. ; their customs as to the hair, iii. 261 sq. \ their dread of sorcery, iii. 268
Marquesas or Washington Islands, human gods in the, i. 386 sq. ; extinction of fires after a death in the, ii. 268 n. ; seclusion of manslayers in the, iii. 178 ; continence at making coco-nut oil and at baking in the, iii. 201 ; custom at childbirth in the, iii. 245 ; the fire-walk in the, xi. n
Marriage of trees to each other, i. 24 sqq. \ of men and women to trees, i. 40 sq. , ii. 57 ; treading on a stone at, i. 160 ; bath before, i. 162 ; the pole-star at, i. 166 ; second, third, or fourth, regarded as unlucky, ii. 57 w.4 ; of Earth in spring, ii. 76, 94 ; to a palm-tree before tapping it, ii. 101 ; of near kin, the prohibition of, perhaps based historically on superstition, ii. 117 ; of girls to spirits of lakes, ii. 150 sq. ; of girls to rivers, ii. 151 sq. \ with king's widow constitutes a claim to the kingdom, ii. 281 sqq. , iv. 193; with half-sister legal in Attica, ii. 284 ; rice strewn on bridegroom's head at, iii. 35 ; the consummation of, pre- vented by knots and locks, iii. 299 sqq. \ of brothers and sisters in royal families, iv. 193 sq. ; as an infringement of old communal rights, v. 40 ; of women to serpent-god, v. 66 sqq. ; exchange of dress between men and women at, vi. 260 sqq. ; of mice, viii. 278 ; of younger before elder brother deemed a sin, ix. 3 ; leaping over bonfires to ensure a happy, x. 107, 108, no; omens of, drawn from Midsummer bonfires, x. 168, 174, 178, 185, 189, 338 sq. ; omens of, from flowers, xi. 52 sq. , 61 ; oak-trees planted at, xi. 165
of Adonis and Aphrodite celebrated
at Alexandria, v. 224
of the god Marduk, ix. 356
, mock, of leaf-clad mummers, I
97 ; at Carnival masquerade, vii. 27 ; or real, of human victims, ix. 257 sq.
of the Roman gods, vi. 230 sqq.
, Sacred, ii. 120 sqq. ; of Dionysus
with the Queen of Athens, ii. 136 sq.t vii. 30 sq. ; of Zeus and Demeter in Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 138, vii. 65 sqq.t viii. 9 ; of Zeus and Hera, ii. 140 sqq. , iv. 91 ; of Frey and his wife, ii. 143 sq., iv. 91 ; of Roman kings, ii. 172^., 192, 193 sq.t 318 sq. ; of king and
2 A
362
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
queen, iv. 71 ; of gods and goddesses, iv. 73 ; of actors disguised as animals, iv. 83 ; of priest and priestess as re- presentatives of deities, v. 46 sqq. \ represented in the rock-hewn sculp- tures at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 ; of Her- cules and Hera perhaps celebrated in Cos, vi. 259 ».4
Marriage of Sky and Earth, v. 282 with n*
. of the Sun and Moon, mythical and
dramatic, ii. 146^., iv. 71, 73 sq., 78, 87 sq.t go, 92, 105 ; of the Sun and Earth, ii. 98 sq.t 148, v. 47 sq.
Marriage customs of the Aryan family, vi. 235 ; use of children of living parents in, vi. 245 sqq. ; to ensure the birth of boys, vi. 262
— festival of the gods, i. 129 sqq. , ix. 273 n.1 ; festival of all the gods and goddesses in the Date Month, ii. 25
" Hollow" at Teltown, iv. 99
Marriages of brothers with sisters in ancient Egypt, vi. 214 sqq. ; their in- tention to keep the property in the family, vi. 215 sq.
Married, the person last, lights the bon- fire, x. 107, 109, in, 119, 339 ; young man last married provides wheel to be burnt, x. 116 ; the person last married officiates at Midsummer fire, x. 192 ; men married within the year collect fuel for Midsummer fire, x. 192 sq. ; last married bride made to leap over bonfire, xi. 22
Married men make fire by the friction of wood, ii. 238, 239 ; kindle need-fire, x. 289
pair of priestly functionaries in
charge of the sacred fire, ii. 235
Marriott, Fitzgerald, on dance of women
during war, i. 132 Marrow bones not to be broken in a hut,
i. 115 sq. Mars, the reputed father of Romulus and
Remus, ii. 196 sq,, vi. 235; horse
sacrificed to, in October, at Rome, viii.
42, ix. 230 ; a god of vegetation, ix.
229 sq. ; the Old, at Rome, ix. 229,
231, 252; represented by Mamurius
Veturius, ix. 229
- and Bellona, vi. 231
, Field of, at Rome, annual chariot- race on the, viii. 42
— — and his wife Nerio, vi. 232
, the planet, red-haired men sacri- ficed to, vii. 261 sq.
and Silvia, xi. 105
, temple of, at Rome, i. 310 ; nails
knocked into the, ix. 67 n.1
Mars Silvanus, ix. 230
Marsaba, a devil in the island of Rook,
his expulsion, ix. 109 ; swallows lads at initiation, xi. 246
Marsala in Sicily, Midsummer customs at, v. 247
Marsden, W., on the confusion of the agricultural year in Sumatra caused by the introduction of the lunar Mohammedan calendar, vii. 315
Marseilles, drenching people with water at Midsummer in, v. 248 sq.t x. 193 ; human scapegoats at, ix. 253 ; Mid- summer king of the double-axe at, x. 194 ; the Yule log at, x. 250 ; Mid- summer flowers at, xi. 46
Marsh-marigolds, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 54, ix. 163 ; hoops wreathed with, carried on May Day, ii. 63, 88. See also Marigolds
Marshall, A. S. F., on the felling of timber in Mexico, vi. 136 n.s
Marshall Islands, belief in the external soul in the, xi. 200
Marshall Bennet Islands, magical powers of chiefs in the, i. 339
Marsi, Midsummer fires in the land of the ancient, x. 209
Marsyas, his musical contest with Apollo and his death, v. 55, 288 sq. ; perhaps a double of Attis, v. 289
, the river, v. 289
Martens, magic to snare, i. no ; bones of, kept from dogs, viii. 239
Martial on the Ides of August as Diana's day, i. 12 n.2
Martin, Father, on the indifference to human life of a robber caste in Southern India, iv. 141 sq.
Martin, Rev. John, on annual -expulsion of the devil on the Gold Coast, ix. 132 sq.
Martin, M., on St. Bride's Day in the Hebrides, ii. 94 n.2 ; on forced fire (need-fire) in Scotland, ii. 238, x. 289; on the cutting of peat in the Hebrides, vi. 138 ; on dessil (deiseal), x. 151 n.
Martin of Urzedow, Polish priest, de- nounced heathen practices of women on St. John's Eve, x. 177
Martinique, precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289
Martius, C. F. Phil, von, on the political power of medicine -men among the Indians of Brazil, i. 359
Martyrdom of St. Dasius, ix. 308 sqq.
of St. Hippolytus, i. 21
Marwaris of India, Holi festival among the, xi. 2 sq.
Marxberg, the, on the Moselle, fiery wheel rolled down, in Lent, x. 118
M i! \l>;,r :',:!;!). in Queensland, custom of ti'tf t! : over things, iii. 424; exposure of
GENERAL INDEX
363
first-born children among the tribes about, iv. 1 80 ; ate men to acquire their virtues, viii. 151
Marzana, goddess of Death, effigy of, in Polish parts of Silesia, iv. 237
Masai of East Africa, power of medi- cine-men among the, i. 343 sq. \ their reverence for the subugo tree, ii. 1 6 ; their fire-drill, ii. 210 ; custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 1 86 n.1 ; continence of man and woman at brewing honey-wine among the, iii. 200 ; beards not pulled out by chiefs and sorcerers among the, iii. 260 ; head chief of the, foods tabooed to him, iii. 291 ; their use of magic knots, iii. 309 ; their use of rings as amulets, iii. 315 ; unwilling to tell their own names, iii. 329 sq. ; said to change the names of the dead, iii. 354 sq. ; namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 356 ; changes in their vo- cabulary caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 361 ; their customs as to falling stars, iv. 61, 65 ; their cus- tom as to the skulls of dead chiefs, iv. 202 sq. ; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 84 ; their ceremonies at the new moon, vi. 142 sq. ; their rule as to the choice of a chief, vi. 248 ; boys wear female costume at circumcision among the, vi. 263 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 317 ; their rules as to partaking of meat and milk, viii. 83 sq. ; the El Kiboron clan of the, viii. 288 ; then custom of throwing stones or grass on graves, ix. 20 ; peace-making ceremony among the, x. 139 n.
Masai pope, the, i. 343 sq.
Mascal or Festival of the Cross in Abys- sinia, ix. 133 sq.
Mashona, the, of South Africa, revered human gods, i. 393
Mashonaland, chiefs ot, not allowed to cross rivers, iii. 9 sq.
Mashti, supposed name of Elamite god- dess, ix. 366 sq.
Mask of dog or jackal worn by priest who personated Anubis, vi. 85 n.8 ; two-faced, worn by image of goddess, ix. 287 ; priest of Earth not to wear a, x. 4. See also Masks
Masked dances, vii. 95^., in, 186, viii. 208 w.1, 339, ix. 236 ; at Carnival, viii. 333« 334 I m ritual of Demeter, viii. 339 1 to promote fertility, ix. 236 ; and ceremonies of savages, ix. 374 sqq. ; bull-roarers used at, xi. 230 n. See also Dances
Maskers, representing the dead, ii. 178 ; in Thrace at Carnival, vii. 26 sqq. ;
representing demons, vii. 95, 186 sq. \ in the Grisons, ix. 239 ; in the Tyrol and Salzburg, ix. 242 sqq. ; as repre- sentatives of the spirits of fertility, both vegetable and animal, ix. 249 sq. ; supposed to be inspired by the spirits whom they represent, ix, 380, 382,
383
Masks worn by shamans in pursuit of lost souls, iii. 57 sq. ; hung on trees at time of sowing, iv. 283 ; worn by actors who represent demons or spirits, vii. 95, 1 86 ; worn by Egyptian kings, vii. 260 sq. ; worn in masked dances, not to be seen by women on pain of death, viii. 208 if.1; worn by women, viii. 232 sq., 234; worn by mummers at Carnival, viii. 333 ; worn by Cinga- lese devil -dancers, ix. 38 ; worn at expulsion of demons, ix. in, 127, 145, 213 ; worn at ceremonies to pro- mote the growth of the crops, ix. 236, 240, 242 sqq., 247, 248 sq. ; worn by the Perchten, ix. 242, 243, 245, 247; intended to ban demons, ix. 246 ; worn by priests who personate gods, ix. 287 ; worn in religious dances and performances, ix. 375, 376 n.z, 378, 379» 38°! 382 ; representing mythical personages, ix. 375, 376 «.2, 378, 379, 382 sq. ; representing totemic animals, ix. 380 ; burned at end of masquerade, ix. 382 ; thought to be animated by demons, ix. 382 ; worn by girls at puberty, x. 31, 52 ; worn at Duk-duk ceremonies in New Britain, xi. 247 ; worn by members of a secret Wolf society among the Nootka Indians, xi. 270, 271. See also Mask, Maskers, and Masquerade
Masnes, a giant, in a legend of Sardes, v. 186
Masoka, the spirits of the dead, wor- shipped by the Wahehe of German East Africa, vi. 188 sq.
Maspdro, Sir Gaston, on the confusion of magic and religion in ancient Egypt, i. 230 ; on the assimilation of Egyptian kings to gods, ii. 133 sq. ; edits the Pyramid Texts, vi. 4 n.1 ; on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 «.a, vii. 260 «.a
Masquerade at the Carnival in Thrace, vi. 99 sq. ; at sowing festival in Borneo, vii. 95 sq. , 98, iB6sq. ; of boys among the Lengua Indians, x. 57 n.1
Masquerades, Roman, of men personating the dead, ii. 178 ; of kings and queens, iv. 71 sq. , 78, 88, 89 ; Californian, of men personating the dead, vi. 53 ; in modern Europe, intention of certain, ix. 251 sq. See also Masks and Maskers
14 Mass of the Holy Spirit," i. 231 sq.
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Mass of Saint S6caire, i. 232 sq. Massacres for sick kings of Uganda, vi.
226 Massagetae sacrifice horses to the sun, i,
3*5
Massaya, volcano in Nicaragua, human victims sacrificed to, v. 219
Massebah (plural masseboth), sacred stone or pillar in ancient Israel, r. 107, 108
Masset, in Queen Charlotte Islands, dances of Haida women at, while their husbands were away at war, i. 133
Mass inn, the, of British New Guinea, seclusion of manslayers among, iii. 169
Masson, Bishop, on Annamite indiffer- ence to death, iv. 136 sq.
Mastarna, an Etruscan, ii. 196 n.
Master of the Fish, sacrifices offered by the Tarahumares to the, viii. 252
, the Heavenly, the head of Taoism in China, i. 413
of Life, first-fruits offered by the
Arkansas Indians to the, viii. 134
of the Revels, ix. 333 sq.
of Sorrows at corpse-burning among
the Chams, i. 280
Master craftsman regarded as a magician, ix. 8 1
Masur, in Dutch New Guinea, belief in the transmigration of human souls into cassowaries at, viii. 295
Masuren, a district of Eastern Prussia, "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 269; Mid- summer fire kindled by the revolution of a wheel in, x. 177, 335 sq. \ divina- tion by flowers on Midsummer Eve in, *!• 52» S3 1 divination by orpine at Midsummer in, xi. 6r ; camomile gathered at Midsummer in, xi. 63 ; fire kindled by friction of oak at Mid- summer in, xi. 91
Mata, the smallpox goddess, sacrifice of first-born sons to, iv. 181
Matabele, magical effigies among the, i. 63 ; their ram-charm, i. 291 ; the power of witch-doctors among the, i. 351 ; their relation to the human god of the Mashona, i. 393 sq. \ woman's