X. 2OI

Darwin, Charles, and Empedocles, viii.
306 ; on the cooling of the sun, xi.
307 w.1
Darwin, Sir Francis, on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 *.1 ; on rhamnus (buckthorn), ix. 153 n.1; on the Golden Bough, xi. 318, 319 n.s
Dashers of churns, witches ride on, xi.
D&sl, dancing-girl in India, v. 63 Dasms, St., martyrdom of, ix. 308 sqq.
See St. Dasius Dassera festival in Nepaul, iii. 316, ix.
226 n.1 ; swings and kites at the, iv. 277 Dastarkon in Cappadocia, Cataonian
Apollo at, v. 147 ».8
Date of Chinese festival changed, x. 137
Date month when date-palms are artifici- ally fertilized, ii. 25
-palm, artificial fertilization of the,
ii. 24 sq. , ix. 272 sq.
Dates forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280
Dathi, king of Ireland, and his Druid, x. 228 sq.
Daughter of a god, v. 51
of a king, succession to king- dom by marriage with a, ii. 271, 277 sqq.
in-law, her name not to be pro- nounced, iii. 338; in ritual, viii. 121^.
Daughters of chiefs entrusted with the sacred fire among the Herero, ii. 215, 228
Dauphine", the Bridegroom of the Month of May in, ii. 93 ; the harvest Cat in, vii. 280 sq.
Daura, a Hausa kingdom, sick or infirm kings killed in, iv. 35 ; custom of suc- cession to the throne in, iv. 201
David, King, his conquest of Ammon, iii. 273, v. 19 ; and the brazen serpent, iv. 86 ; in relation to the old kings ot Jerusalem, v. 18 sq. ; his taking of a census, v. 24 ; as a harper, v. 52,
S3. 54
and Goliath, v. 19 n.2
and the King of Moab, iii. 273
and Saul, v. 21
Davies, J. Ceredig, as to witches in
Wales, x. 321 n.2 Davies, Professor T. Witton, on the date
of the Book of Esther, ix. 360 «.2 Davis, Mr. R. F.f on harvest custom in
Nottinghamshire, v. 238 n. Dawkins, R. M., on a carnival custom
in Thrace, vii. 25 n.4, 29 n.2 Dawn of the Day, prayers of adolescent
girls to the, i. 70, x. 50 sq. , 53, 98 n.1
, the rosy, in mythology, i. 334
Dawson, James, on the difference of
language between husbands and wives
among the aborigines of Victoria, iii.
347 sq. ; on the constellations observed
by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308 ;
on sex totems in Victoria, xi. 216 Day of Blood in rites of Attis, v. 268,
285 of Stones, in Behar and Bengal, i
279
Days of the Cross in Esthonia, i. 325 De Barros, Portuguese historian, on the
custom of killing kings at Passier, iv.
Si
De Goeje, M. J. , on the rite of stone- throwing at Mecca, ix. 24 n.1
De Groot, J. J. M. , on the authority of the Chinese emperors, i. 416 sq. \ on
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
the Chinese belief in tree-spirits, ii. 14; on the Chinese theory of names, iii. 390
De Mortival, Roger, on the Boy Bishop at Salisbury, ix. 338
D'Orbigny, A. , on the division of labour between the sexes among the South American Indians, vii. 120
De Piano Carpini, on the funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293
De Ricci, S. , on the Celtic month Equos, ix. 343 «•
De Smet, J., on the sacrifice of a Sioux girl, vii. 239 n.1
Dea Dia, a Roman goddess of fertility, j vi. 239
Dead, hair offered to the, i. 31 ; pretence of new birth at return of supposed dead man, i. 75 ; belief of the Central Australian aborigines in the reincar- nation of the, i. 96 ; homoeopathic magic of the, i. 147 sqq. ; prayers and offerings to the, i. 163 ; magic blent with the worship of the, i. 164 ; making rain by means of the, i. 284 sqq. ; the illus- trious, represented by masked men, ii. 178 ; thunder and lightning made by the, ii. 183 ; taboos on persons who have handled the, iii. 138 sqq. ; to name the dead a serious crime, iii. 352 ; relations of the, change their names from fear of the ghost, iii. 356 sqq. \ incarnate in their namesakes, iii. 365 sqq. ; appear to the living in dreams, iii. 368, 374 ; offerings of food to the, iii. 371, 372 «.B, ix. 154 ; deposited on platforms of sticks, iii. 372 ; rebirth of the, iv. 70, vii. 85 ; human blood offered to the, iv. 92 sq. , 104 ; incarnate in serpents, v. 82 sqq. , xi. 211 sq. ; cuttings for the, v. 268 ; Osiris king and judge of the, vi. 13 sq. ; the Egyptian, -identified with Osiris, vi. 16 ; magical uses made of their bodies, vi. 100 sqq. ; the worship of the, founded on the theory of the soul, vii. 181 ; the fear of the, one of the most powerful factors in religious evolution, viii. 36 sq. ; buried in the houses, viii. 115; bones of the, viii. 153 sq. \ mourners rub themselves with the fat or putrefying juices of the, viii. 162 sq. ; food eaten out of the hand of the, ix. 44 sq. ; worship of the, based on fear, ix. 98 ; ghosts of the, periodically expelled, ix. 123 sq. ; annual sacrifices in honour of the, ix. 148 it.1. See also Ancestral spirits
— — , communion with the, by means of food, viii. 154; by swallowing their ashes, viii. 156 sqq.
— , festivals of the, iii. 367, 371, v.
220, vi. 51 sqq.t x. 223 s at end of harvest, viii. no; bull- roarers sounded at, xi. 230 n.
Dead, names of, tabooed, iii. 349 sqq. ; not borne by the living, iii. 354
, reincarnation of the, iii. 365 sqq. ,
v. 82 sqq. ; in Central Australia, i. 196 ; in America, v. 91 ; in Africa, v. 91 sq.
, sacrifices to the, i. 163, iii. 15, 88,
226 sq., iv. 92, 93, 94, 95, 97, xi. 178 ; on their birthdays, i. 105
, souls of the, trees animated by,
ii. 29 sqq. ; in certain fish, ii. 30 ; all malignant, iii. 145; associated with falling stars, iv. 64 sqq. ; lodged in serpents, iv. 84 ; received by their relations once a year, vi. 51 sqq. , ix. 150 sqq. ; invoked to make the crops thrive, vii. 104 ; supposed to partake of new grain, viii. 64 ; supposed to be in caterpillars, viii. 275 sq. ; supposed to be in animals, viii. 285 sqq. ; disembodied, dreaded, ix. 77 ; sit round the Midsummer fire, x. 183, 184 ; first-fruits offered to, xi. 243. See also Dead, spirits of the
, spirits of the, the savage a slave
to the, i. 217 ; personated by living men, ii. 178, iii. 371, vi. 52, 53, 58 ; in wild fig-trees, ii. 317, vni. 113; thought to be incarnate in their name- sakes, iii. 365 sqq. ; supposed to in- fluence the crops, vii. 104 ; offerings to, for the sake of the crops, vii. 228 ; give rain, viii. 109 sq. ; first-fruits offered to, viii. 109 sq. , in sqq. , 115, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124 sqq. ; prayers to, viii. 112, 113, 124 sq. ; omnipresent, in the Philippine Islands, ix. 82 ; swarm in the air, in Timor, ix. 85 ; purification of mourners in- tended to protect them against, ix. 105 n.1 See also Ancestral spirits
, worship of the, ix. 97 ; perhaps
fused with the propitiation of the corn- spirit, v. 233 sqq. ; among the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 176 sqq.
Dead body, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, iii. 14 ; defilement caused by, vii. 74
kings and chiefs in Africa turn into
lions, leopards, hyaenas, hippopota- muses, etc. , iv. 84 ; dead kings in Africa worshipped, vi. 160 sqq.
kings of the Barotse worshipped.
vi. 194 sq. \ consulted as oracles, vu 195
kings of Egypt worshipped, i. 418,
vi. 160
kings of the Shilluk worshipped,
iv. 24 sq.t vi. 161 sqq. ; their spirits
GENERAL INDEX
thought to possess sick people, iv. 25 sq. ; incarnate in animals, vi. 162, 163 sq. ; sacrifices offered to, vi. 162, 164, 1 66 sq.
Dead kings of Sofala, annual obsequies for, iv. 20 1 ; consulted as oracles, iv. 201
. kings of Uganda consulted as
oracles, i. 196, iv. 200 sq.t vi. 167, 171, 172 ; human sacrifices to, vi. 173
man's hand used in magical cere- mony, iv. 267 n.1
men believed to beget children, v.
91, 264 ; mutilated in order to disable their ghosts, viii. 271 sqq.
One, the, name applied to the last
sheaf, iv. 254
Sea, v. 23
Sunday, iv. 239 ; generally the
fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 221 ; also called Mid-Lent, iv. 222 n.1
Deane, Mrs. J. H. , viii. 319 n.z
Dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 sqq.
Death, pretence of, in magic, i. 84 ; in- fection of, i. 143 ; at ebb tide, i. 167 sq. ; puppet called, carried out of village, h. 73 sq. ; kept off by arrows, iii. 31 ; mourners forbidden to sleep in house after a, iii. 37 ; custom of covering up mirrors at a, iii. 94 sq. ; from imagination, iii. 135 sqq. ; sharp instruments tabooed after a, iii. 237,
238 ; of the king of the Jinn, iv. 8 ; preference for a violent, iv. gsqq. ; Euro- pean fear of, iv. 135 sq. , 146; in- difference to, displayed by many races, iv. 136 sqq. \ the "carrying out" of, iv. 221, 233 sqq., 246 sqq., ix. 227^., 230, 252, x. 119 ; conception of, in relation to vegetation, iv. 252, 253 sq. ; in the corn, iv. 254 ; represented at the maize harvest by a child covered with maize leaves, iv. 254 ; and revival of vegetation, iv. 263 sq. ; in the fire as an apotheosis, v. 179 sq. ; the pollution of, vi. 227 sqq.t viii. 85 n.* banishment of the contagion of, ix. 37 riddles propounded after a, ix. 121 n. the funeral of, ix. 205 ; savage tales of the origin of, ix. 302 sqq. \ ' ' the burying of," x. 119 ; omens of, xi. 54, 64 ; customs observed by mourners after a death in order to escape from the ghost, xi. 17 4 sqq. ; identified with the sun, xi. 174 ».1
— , the Angel of, iv. 177 sq.
, effigy of, feared and abhorred, iv.
239 sq. ; potency of life attributed to, iv. 247 sqq. ; burnt in spring fires, xi. 21 sq.
— of the Great Pan, iv. 6 sq.
Death, the Lord of, viii. 103
, natural, of sacred king or priest,
supposed fatal consequences of, iii. 6, 7 ; regarded as a calamity, iv. 1 1 sq.
and resurrection, of Kostrubonko
at Eastertide, iv. 261 ; annual, ot gods, v. 6, vii. i, 12 sqq.% 15; ot Adonis represented in his rites, v. 224 sq. ; of Attis, v. 272 sq. , 306; of Dionysus, v. 302 «.4, vii. 14 sq. ; coincidence between the pagan and the Christian festival of the divine, v. 308 sq. ; of Osiris dramatically repre- sented in his rites, vi. 85 sq. ; of Osiris interpreted as the decay and growth of vegetation, vi. 126 sqq. ; drama of, at the Carniyal, vii. 27 sq. ; ot Eabani, ix. 398 sq. ; the ritual of, in initiatory ceremonies, xi. 225 sqq. ; in Australia, xi. 227 sqq. ; in New Guinea, xi. 239 sqq. ; in Fiji, xi. 243 sqq. ; in Rook, xi. 246 ; in New Britain, xi. 246 sq. ; in Ceram, xi. 249 sqq. ; in Africa, xi, 251 sqq. ; in North America, xi. 266 sqq. ; traces of it elsewhere, xi. 276 sq.
Debang monastery at Lhasa, ix. 218
Debden in Essex, May garlands at, ii. 60
Debregeasia velutina, used to kindle fire by friction, xi. 8
Debschwitz or Dobschwitz, near Gera, the custom of ' ' driving out Death " at, iv. 235
Debt of civilization to savagery, iii. 421 sq.
Deccan, the Gaolis of the, vii. 7
Deceiving the spirits of plants and trees, ii. 22 sqq. ; demons and ghosts by substituting effigies for living persons, viii. 94 sqq.
December, the Saturnalia held in, ii. 311 n.\ ix. 306, 307, 345; the twenty- fifth of, reckoned the winter solstice and the birthday of the Sun, v. 303 sqq. ; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 145 ; custom of the heathen of Harran in, ix. 263 sq. ; the last day of, Hogmanay, x. 266 ; the twenty-first, St. Thomas's Day^ x. 266
Decle, L., on heaps of sticks or stones to which passers-by add, ix. n n.1 ; on a custom of the kings of Uganda, x. 4 n.1 ,
Decline of magic with the growt/. of religion, i. 374
of the civic virtues under the influ- ence of Oriental religions, v. 300 sq.
Ded or tet pillar, the backbone of Osiris, vi. 1 08 sq.
Dedication of girls to the service of a temple, v. 61 sqq. \ of men and women in Africa, v. 65 sqq. ; of children to gods, v. 79
340
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Dee, river in Aberdeenshire, holed stone in the, used by childless women, v. 36 «.4, xi. 187
Deega marriage, ii. 271 n,1
Deer, magic to attract, i. 109 ; rule as to hamstringing, i. 115 ; taboos ob- served during the hunting of, i. 122 ; imitation of, as a homoeopathic charm, i. 155^. ; descent of Kalamantsfrom a, iv. 126 sq. ; sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 n.1 ; flesh of, eaten to prolong life or to avoid fever, viii. 143 ; not eaten by warriors, viii. 144; treated with respect .by American Indians, viii. 240 sqq. ; their bones not given to dogs, viii. 241, 242, 243 ; Indian custom of cutting out the sinew of the thighs of, viii. 264 sqq. ; souls of dead in, viii. 286, 293 sq.
i. and the family of Lachlin, super- stition concerning, xi. 284
Deer clan among the Moquis, viii. 178
i -hoofs in homoeopathic magic, i. 155 ; used to keep out ghosts, ix. 154 n.
Deflingen, in Swabia, Midsummer bon- fires at, x. 1 66 sq.
Defiled hands, iii. 174. See Hands
persons not allowed to look at corn,
ii. 112
Defoe, Daniel, on the Angel of the Plague, v. 24 w.2
Dehon, P. , on witches as cats among the Oraons, xi. 312
Deification of deceased mandarins, i. 415
Deified men, sacrifices of, ix. 409
Deir el Bahari, paintings at, ii. 131, 133
Deiseal, deiseil, deisheal, dessil, accord- ing to the course of the sun, viii. 323, 324 ; the right-hand turn, in the High- lands of Scotland, x. 150 n.1, 154 "Deities duplicated through dialectical differences in their names, ii. 380 sq. See Gods
— of vegetation as animals, viii. i sqq.
Deity, savage conception of, different from ours, i. 375 sq. ; communion with, viii. 325
Dejanira wooed by the river Achelous, ii. 161 sq.
Delagoa Bay, the Baronga of, i. 152, 267^., vii. 114, viii. 280; the Thonga of, x. 29
Delaware Indians, their respect for rattle- snakes, viii. 218 ; their remedies for sins, ix. 263 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 54
Delbruck, B. , on mother-kin among the Aryans, ii. 283 n.6
Delenav in British New Guinea, evil magic at, i. 213
Delia, festival at Delos, i. 32 «.*
Delian virgins and youths before marriage offer their hair on the grave of dead maidens, i. 28
Delirium, supposed cause of, iii. 83
Delivery, easy, granted to women by Diana, i. 12 ; by trees, ii. 57 sq. ; charms to ensure women an, x. 49, 50 sg.t 52 ; women creep through a rifted rock to obtain an, xi. 189
Delmenhorst, in Oldenburg, Easter fires at, x. 142
Delos, graves of Hyperborean maidens m, i. 28, 33 sqq. ; Apollo and Artemis at, i. 28, 32-35 ; new fire brought from, i. 32, x. 138 ; the temple at, not to be entered after drinking wine, iii. 249 «.2; Theseus at, iv. 75 ; sacred embassy to, vi. 244 ; the calendar of, viii. 6 n. ; the Thesmophoria in, viii. 17 «.9
Delphi, Apollo at, i. 28 ; new fire sent from, i. 32 sq. ; gold and silver offer- ings at, i. 32 n.l\ the common hearth a*> i- 33 I grave of Apollo at, i. 34 ; ceremony performed by the king at, i. 45 sq. ; slaughter of the python by Apollo at, in. 223 w.1 ; tombs of Dionysus and Apollo at, iv. 3 sq. , vii. 14 ; festival of Crowning at, iv. 76 sqq. ; sacred oak at, iv. 80 sq. \ Apollo and the Dragon at, vi. 240 ; perpetual fire at, xi. 91 n.1 ; the picture of Orpheus at, xi. 294 ; Stheni, near, xi. 317
Delphic oracle, as to sacrifices to murdered Phocaeans, iv. 95 ; on the cause of dearth, iv. 162 ; as to first-fruits offered at Eleusis, vii. 55, 60 ; on Athens as " the Metropolis of the Corn," vii. 58
Delphinium Ajacis, the flower of Ajax, v. 314 n.1
Delubrum, ancient explanation of the word, viii. 186 n.
Demeter, her sacred caverns, v. 88 ; sacred vaults of, v. 278 ; sorrowing for the descent of the Maiden, vi. 41 ; the month of, vi. 41 ; mysteries of, at Eleusis, vi. 90; at the well, vi. in n.G; identified with Isis, vi. 117; mother of Dionysus by Zeus, vii. 14, 66 ; Homeric Hymn to, vii. 35 sqq. , 70 ; her search for Persephone, vii. 36, 57 ; institutes the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 37 ; a personification of the corn, vii. 39, 40 sq. ; etymology of her name, vii. 40 ».3, 131 ; distinguished from the Earth- goddess, vii. 41, 43, 89; associated with the threshing-floor, vii. 41 sq. , 43, 47, 6 1 sq. , 63, 64 sq. ; in art, vii. 43 sq. , 67 sq. , 88 sq. ; offerings of first-fruits to, vii. 46 sqq. ; surnamed Proerosia, vii. 51 ; bestows corn on the Athenians and the Sicilians, vii. 54, 56^.; worshipped
GENERAL INDEX
241
in Sicily, vii, 56 sqq. \ sacrifices to her at sowing, vii. 57 ; associated with seed- corn, vii. 58, 90 ; her epithets, vii. 63 sq. ; her image at Eleusis, vii. 64 ; her intrigue with Zeus, vii. 66 ; her love- adventure in the furrows of a thrice- ploughed fallow-field, vii. 66, 69 ; her ancient worship in Crete, vii. 131 ; in relation to the pig, viii. 16 sqq. ; horse- headed, of Phigalia, viii. 21, 338; said to have eaten the shoulder of Pelops, viii. 263 ; rustic prototype of, viii. 334 ; her mourning for Persephone, ix. 349 ; the torches of, x. 340 n.1 ; serpents in the worship of, xi. 44 n.
Demeter, Black, vii. 263; of Phigalia, viii. 21
the Corn Goddess, vii. 41 sqq. , 56
sqq., 63 J$Y., 77 sq.
the Corn Mother, vii. 53, 58 sq. ,
75, 131, 184, viii. 334
and ears of corn, v. 166
, Eleusmian, at Ephesus, i 47
, Gieen, vii. 42, 63, 89 «.a, 263
and lasion, vii. 208
and the king's son at Eleusis, v. 180
and Persephone, vii. 35 sqq. ; their
myth acted in the mysteries of Eleusis, vii. 39, 187 sq. \ resemblance of their artistic types, vii. 67 sq. ; their essential identity, vii. 90 ; associated with death and immortality, vii. 90 sq. ; double personification of the corn as, vii. 208 sqq, \ masked dance in rites of, viii. 339 ; represented by maskers wearing the heads of animals, viii. 339
and Poseidon, v. 280
and the snake of Cychreus, i v. 87 n. B
, Yellow, vii. 41 sq.
and Zeus, viii. 9 ; their marriage at
Eleusis, ii. 138 sq. , vii. 65 sqq.
Demeter's corn, vii. 45*
Demetrius Poliorcetes deified at Athens, i. 390 sq.
Dernnat, in the Atlas, New Year rites at, x. 217, 218
Democracy to despotism, social revolution from, i. 371
Democritus, on the generation of ser- pents, viii. 146 ; on a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 n.1
Demon supposed to attack girls at puberty, x. 67 sq. ; festival of fire instituted to ban a, xi. 3. See Demons
Demon- worship, ix. 94, 96. See also Pro- pitiation
Demonophobia in India, ix. 91
Demons, communion with, by drinking blood, i. 383 ; of trees, ii. 33 sq., 35, 42 ; abduction of souls by, iii. 58 sqq. ; of disease expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105 sq. ;
coco-nut oil a protection against, iii. 201 ; infants exposed to the attacks of, iii. 235 ; deceived by substitution of effigies for living persons, viii. 96 sq. ; of disease exorcized by masked devil-dancers, ix. 38 ; bunged up, ix. 6 1 sq. ; omnipresence of, ix. 72 sqq.\ thought to cause sickness and disease, famine, etc., ix 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103, 109 sqq. ; propitiation of, ix. 93, 94, 96, 100 ; religious purification in- tended to ward off, ix. 104 ; public ex- pulsion of, ix. 109 sqq. ; of cholera, ix. 116, 117, 123; men disguised as, ix. 170 sq., 172, 173, 213, 214, 235; con- jured into images, ix. 171,172,173,203, 204, 205 ; decoyed by a pig, ix. 200, 201 ; put to flight by clangour of metal, ix. 233 ; banned by masks, ix. 246 ; exorcized by bells, ix. 246 sq. , 251; attack women at puberty and child- birth, x. 24 n.2 ; expelled at the New Year, x. 134 sq. ; abroad on Mid- summer Eve, x. 172 ; ashes of holy fires a protection against, xi. 8, 17 ; vervain a protection against, xi. 62 ; guard treasures, xi. 65. See also Devil, Devils, and Evil Spirits
Demons or ghosts averse to iron, iii. 232 sqq. ; deceived by dummies, viii. 96 sqq. ; repelled by gun-shots, viii. 99
Denderah or Dendereh, inscriptions at, vi. ii, 86 sqq., 89, 91, 130 n. ; the hall of Osiris at, vi. 1 10 ; sculptures at, vii. 260
Dendit or Dengdit, "Great Rain," the Supreme Being of the Dinkas, iv. 30, 32, viii. 40 n. , 114 «.a
D£ne" or Tinneh Indians, their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 91 sqq. ; the Western, tattooing among the, x. 98 n.1 See also Tinneh
Den ham Tracts, on need-fire in York- shire, x. 287 sq.
Denmark, precautions against witchcraft on Walpurgis Night in, ii. 54 ; Whit- sun bride in, ii. 91 sq.\ oaks in the peat-bogs of, ii. 351 ; the beech woods of, ii. 351 ; the Bronze Age in, ii. 351, 352; the Iron Age in, ii. 352 ; the Stone Age in, ii. 352 ; the last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 139 sq. , 231 ; the Yule Boar in, vii. 300 sq. ; fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 171 ; passing sick children through a hole in the ground in, x. 190, 191 ; children passed through a cleft oak as a cure for rupture or rickets in, xi. 170, 172
Dennett, R. E., on prince -consorts in Loanga, ii. 277 n.1
Debce, a divine spirit in the kingdom of Kaffa, i. 410
242
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Departmental kings of nature, ii. i sqq. Deputy, the expedient of dying by, iv.
56, 160 Derbyshire, Plough Monday in, viii. 330
w.1 Derceto, the fish goddess of Ascalon, v.
34 «.8, ix. 370 n.1 Dercylus, on Cadmus and the dragon, iv.
84 «.4 Derry, the oaks of, ii. 242 sq. ; the church
of, ii. 363 Dervishes, inspired, i. 386 ; the dancing,
i. 408 n.1 ; revered in Syria, v. 77 n.4 ;
of Asia Minor, v. 170 Descent of people from animals, viii. 25
of Persephone, vii. 46, viii. 17
Deslawen, village of Bohemia, expulsion
of witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix.
161 Despotic governments, the first advances
made to civilization under, i. 218 Dessil. See Deiseal Deucalion at Hierapolis, v. 162 «.a Deuteronomic redactor, v. 26 n.1 Deuteronomy (iv. 17 sq. ), prohibition of
images of animals, i. 87 n.1; (xxiii. 10,
ii), as to custom in time of war, iii.
158 n.1 ; (xii. 31, xviii. 9-12), on the
sacrifice of children by fire, iv. 168 ;
(xv. 19 sq.), on the sanctification of the
first-born, iv. 173 n.1 — , publication of, v. 18 «.8 Deutsch-Zepling in Transylvania, rule as
to sowing in, vi. 133 «.3 Deux-Sevres, department of, Midsummer
fires in the, x. 191 ; fires on All Saints'
Day in the, x. 245 sq. Devaddsi or Dfrvaratidl, dancing-girl in
Travancore, v. 63 sq. Devil driven away by paper kites, ix. 4 ;
seen on Midsummer Eve, x. 208 ; his
partiality for mustard, x. 208 ; brings
fern -seed on Christmas night, xi. 289 Devil -dancers, inspired, worshipped as
deities in Southern India, i. 382 ; their
exorcism of demons, iv. 216 ; conjure
demons of disease into themselves, ix.
38
- -driving in Chitral, ix. 137 Devil's bit, St. John's wort, xi. 55 ».8 Neck, the, ix. 16, 30
shoestring ( Tephrosia) in homoeo- pathic magic, i. 144
Devils, abduction of souls by, iii. 58 sqq% \ personated by men, ix. 235 ; ghosts, and hobgoblins abroad on Midsummer Eve, x. 202. See Demons
Devonshire, cries of reapers in, vii. 264 sqq. ; cure for cough in, ix. 51 ; need- fire in, x. 288 ; animals burnt alive as a sacrifice in, x. 302 ; belief in witch- craft in, x. 302 ; crawling under a
bramble as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 1 80
Dew, washing in the, on May morning to ensure a fine complexion and guard against witchcraft, ii. 54, 67 ; gathered on Midsummer morning protects cattle against witchcraft, ii. 127, xi. 74 ; shepherds wash in the, on April 2ist, ii. 327 ; rolling or washing in the, on St. George's morning, ii. 333, 339 ; protects cattle against witchcraft on St. George's morning, ii. 335 ; washing or rolling in, on Midsummer Eve or Day, as a remedy for diseases of the skin, v. 246 sq. , 248, x. 208, with n.1; a daughter of Zeus and the moon, vi.
137
"Dew-treading" in Holland, ii. 104 «.2 Dharmi or Dharmesh, the Supreme God
of the Oraons, ix. 92 sq. Dhimals, the, of Assam, mourners shaved
among, iii. 285 Dhinwar class in North-West India, girls
of the, married to a god, ii. 149 Dhurma Rajah, incarnate deity in Bhotan,
i. 410 DIt Aryan root meaning "bright," ii.
381
Dia, Roman goddess, her grove on the Tiber, ii. 122
Diabolical counterfeits, resemblances of paganism to Christianity explained as, v. 302, 309 sq.
Diagora, elective monarchy in, ii. 293
Dialectical differences a cause of the duplication of deities, ii. 382 sq.
Diana, as patroness of cattle, i. 7, ii. 124; as a torch -bearer, i. 12; as goddess of childbirth, i. 12, 40, ii. 128, 378 ; her festival on the i3th of August, i. 12, 14 ; in relation to vines and fruits, i. 15 sq., ii. 128 ; as a god- dess of fertility, i. 40, 120 sqq., ii. 115, 378 ; in relation to animals of the woods, ii. 121, 124, i2$sqq. ; associated with Silvanus, ii. 121 ; groves sacred to, ii. 121 ; as the moon, ii. 128 ; on the Aventine, ii. 128 ; Mount Algidus a haunt of, ii. 380 ; her temple on Mount Tifata, ii. 380 ; a Mother Goddess, v. 45
and Dianus, ii. 376 sqq. t v. 27, 45
(Jana), a double of Juno, ii. 190
sq., 381 sq., xi. 302 «.a
at Nemi, her sanctuary, i. 2 sqq.,
v. 45 ; as huntress, i. 6 ; priest of, i. 8 sqq., xi. 315; as Vesta, i. 13, ii. 380 ; mate of the King of the Wood, i. 40, 41, ii. 121, 380 ; as a'goddess of the oak, ii. 380
, the Tauiic, i. 10 sq.\ her bloody
ritual, i. ii, 24
GENERAL INDEX
243
Diana and Virbius, i. 19 sqq.> 40 sq. ;
perhaps annually married at Nemi,
ii. 129
Diana's day, i3th of August, iii. 253 Mirror, the Lake of Nemi, i. x, xi.
3°3 Dianus (Janus), a double of Jupiter, ii.
190 sq., 381 sq.
and Diana, ii. 376 sgq., v. 27, 45
Diapina, in West Africa, ii. 293 Diascorea, a species of, eaten by the
Australian aborigines, vii. 127 ».2 Diasia, an Athenian festival, cakes shaped
like animals sacrificed at the, viii.
95 «-2
Dice used in divination, ix. 220 ; played at festivals, ix. 350
Dickens, Charles, Martin Chu&zlewit quoted, i. 149 «.*; on death at ebb- tide, i. 168
Dictynna and Minos, iv. 73
Dido, her magical rites, iii. 312 ; flees from Tyre, v. 50 ; her traditional death in the fire, v. 114; worshipped at Carthage, v. 114; meaning of the name, v. 114 ar.1; an Avatar of Astarte, v. 177 ; how she procured the site of Carthage, vi. 250
Diels, Professor H. , on human gods in ancient Greece, i. 390 «.2
Dieppe, fishermen of, their tabooed words, iii. 396
Died, the, tribe of Central Australia, their magic for the multiplication of carpet- snakes and iguanas, i. 90 ; their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 177; rain-making ceremonies of, i. 255 sqq. , xi. 232 ; principal headman of, a medicine- man, i. 336 ; believe certain trees to be their fathers transformed, ii. 29 ; use of bull- roarers among, vii. 106, xi. 229 sq. , 232 ; drank blood of slain men to make themselves brave, viii. 151 ; their expulsion of a demon, ix. no; their dread of women at men- struation, x. 77
Diet regulated on the principle of homoeo- pathic magic, i. 135 ; of kings and priests regulated, iii. 291 sqq.
Dieterich, A., on rebirth, iii. 369 n.8
Difference of language between husbands and wives, iii. 347 sq. \ between men and women, iii. 348 sq.
Digger Indians of California, ashes of dead smeared on head of mourner among the, viii. 164
Digging the fields, homoeopathic magic at, i. 139
Digging-sticks used by women, vii. 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128
Dijon, ox killed at harvest near, vii. 290 ; Lenten fires at, x. 114
Diminution of shadow regarded with apprehension, iii. 86 sq.
Dinant, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70
Dingelstedt, in district of Erfurt, harvest custom at, vii. 221
Dingle, church of St. Brandon near, xi. 190
Dinkas or Denkas, the, of the White Nile, iv. 28 sqq. \ magical powers of chiefs among, i. 347 ; worship a supreme being called Dengdit, iv. 30 ; totemism of, iv. 30 sg. ; their rain- makers, iv. 31 sqq. ; their rain-makers not allowed to die a natural death, iv. 33 ; their belief in serpents as reincarna- tions of the dead, v, 82 sq. ; pour milk on graves, v. 87 ; their reverence for their cattle, viii. 37 sqq. ; their offering of first-fruits, viii. 114 ; their use of cows as scapegoats, ix. 193
Dinkelsbuhl in Bavaria, the Corn-mother at, vii. 133
Dinnschenchas or Dinnsenchus, early Irish document, iv. 183 n.*
Dio Chrysostom, as to the soul on the lips, iii. 33 ; on fame as a shadow, iii. 86 sq. ; on the people of Tarsus, v. 118 ; on pyre at Tarsus, v. 126 n.1 ; on the Sacaea, ix. 368, 402 n.1 \ on Sardanapalus, ix. 390 n. 1 ; his account of the treatment of the mock king of the Sacaea, ix. 414
Diocles, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37
Diodorus Siculus, on divine honours ac- corded to Hippolytus, i. 25 n.l\ on adop- tion of Hercules by Hera, i. 74 ; on the worship of Egyptian kings, i. 418 n.z ; on Amulius Silvius, king of Alba, ii. 180; on the origin of fire, ii. 256 n.1 ; on Peleus in Phthia, ii. 278 «.4; on the rules of life observed by Egyptian kings, iii. 12 sq. ; on the worship ol Poseidon in Peloponnese, v. 203 ; on the burial of Osiris, vi. 10 sq. ; on the rise of the Nile, vi. 31 w.1 ; on the date of harvest in Egypt, vi. 32 «.2; on Osiris as a sun-god, vi. 120 ; on the predominance of women over men in ancient Egypt, vi. 214 ; on worship of Demeter and Perse- phone, vii. 56 sqq. ; on the laments of the Egyptian reapers, vii. 215 ; on the human sacrifices of the Celts, xi. 32
Diomede, at Troezen, i. 27 ; white horses sacrificed to, i. 27 ; sacred grove of, i. 27 ; marries the daughter of the king of Daunia, ii. 278 sq. ; human sacrifices to, iv. 166 «.1, v. 145
Dionaea, Venus' fly-trap, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144
Dione, wife of Zeus at Dodona, ii. 189 ; the old consort of Zeus, ii. 381, 382
244
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Dionysiac festival of the opening of the wine jars, ix. 351 sq.
Dionysius of Hahcarnassus, on the sim- plicity of Roman worship, ii. 202 sq. ; on the Etruscans, ii. 287 «.4 ; on Tar- quin the Proud, ii. 291 «.2
Dionysus, vii. i sqq. ; mated with Artemis, i. 36 ; advises the Edonians to put their king Lycurgus to death, i. 366 ; the Lenaean festival of, ii. 44 ; marriage of, to the Queen of Athens, ii. 136 sq. , vii. 30 sq. ; in the Marshes, sanctuary of, ii. 137 ; as a bull, ii. 137 n.1, v. 123, vii. ibsg., 31, viii. 3 sqq. \ and Ariadne,
11. 138 ; his face or body sometimes painted red, ii. 175 ; identified with ivy, ii. 251 ; in the city, festival of, iii. 316 ; the tomb of, at Delphi, iv. 3 ; human sacrifice consummated by a priest of, iv. 163 ; boys sacrificed to, iv. 1 66 n.1 ; with vine and plough- man on a coin, v. 166 ; ancient interpretation of, v. 194, 213 ; death, resurrection, and ascension of, v. 302 «.4, vii. 12 sqq.t 32 ; torn in pieces, vi. 98, vii. 13, 14 ; and Lycurgus, vi. 98, vii. 24 ; and Pentheus, vi. 98, vii. 24 ; human sacrifices to, in Chios, vi. 98 sq. , vii. 24 ; his coarse symbolism, vi. 113; identified with Osiris, vi. 113, vii. 3 ; similarity of the rites of, to those of Osiris, vi. 113, 127; race of boys at vintage from his sanctuary, vi. 238 ; men dressed as women in the rites of, vi. 258 ; the effeminate, vi. 259 ; god of the vine, vii. 2 sq. ; god of trees, vii. 3 sq. ; the Flowery, vii. 4 ; a god of agriculture and corn, vii. 5, 29 ; and the winnowing-fan, vii. 5 sqq. , 27, 29; as Zagreus, vii. 12; horned, vii. 12, 16 ; son of Zeus by Persephone, Demeter, or Semele, vii.
12, 14 ; the sacred heart of, vii. 13, 14, 15 ; ritual of, vii. 14 sq. ; his grave at Delphi or at Thebes, vii. 14 ; torn to pieces at Thebes, vii. 14, 25 ; his descent into Hades, vii. 15 ; as god of the dead, vii. 16 ; live animals rent in rites of, vii. 17, 18, viii. 16 ; as a goat, vii. 17 sq. , viii. i sqq. \ human sacri- fices in his rites, vii. 24 ; his death and resurrection perhaps acted at the Anthesteria, vii. 32; a barbarous deity, vii. 34 ; son of Zeus and Demeter, vii. 66 ; and the bull-roarer, vii. no n.4 ; his relations to Pan, Satyrs, and Silenuses, viii. i sqq. \ his resurrection perhaps enacted in his rites, viii. 16 ; the Foxy, viii. 282 ; and the drama, ix. 384
Dioscorides on mistletoe, xi. 318 n.1 Diospolis Parva (How), monument of Osiris at, vi. no
Diphilus, king of Cyprus, v. 146
Dipping for apples at Hallowe'en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245
Dirk to be called by another name on meeting a goblin, iii. 396
Disappearance of early kings, iv. 28, 31
Disc, winged, as divine emblem, v. 132
Discoloration, annual, of the river Adonis, v. 30, 225
Discovery of fire, ii. 255 sqq. \ of the body of Osiris, vi. 85 sq.
Discs, burning, thrown into the air, x. 116 sq. , 119, 143, 165, 166, 168 sq. , 172, 328, 334 ; burning, perhaps directed at witches, x. 345
Disease, demons of, expelled by pungent spices, pricks, and cuts, iii. 105 sq. ; transferred to other people, ix. 6 sq. j transferred to tree, ix. 7 ; transferred to effigies, ix. 7 ; demons of, exorcized by devil-dancers, ix. 38 ; caused by ghosts, ix. 85 ; annual expulsion of, ix. 139 ; sent away in little ships, ix. 185 sqq. ; walking through fire as a remedy for, xi. 7 ; conceived as some- thing physical that can be stripped off the patient and left behind, xi. 172. See also Cures, Demons, Sickness
of language the supposed source of
myths, vi. 42
Disease-makers in Tana, i. 341 sq.
Diseases thought to be caused by demons, ix. 92, 94, 95, 100, 102, 103
of cattle ascribed to witchcraft, x.
343 Disenchanting strangers, various modes
of, iii. 102 sqq.
Disguises to avert the evil eye, vi. 262 ; to deceive dangerous spirits, vi. 262 sq. , 263 sq.
Dish, external soul of warlock in, xi. 141 Dishes, effect of eating out of sacred, iii. 4 ; of sacred persons tabooed, iii. 131 ; special, used by girls at puberty, x. 47, 49. See Vessels Disintegration, atomic, viii. 305 Dislike of people to have children like themselves, iii. 88 sq. , iv. 287 (288 in Second Impression) Dislocation, Roman cure for, xi. 177 Dismemberment of Osiris, suggested ex- planations of, vi. 97, vii. 262 ; of Half- dan the Black, king of Norway, vi. 100, 102 ; of Segera, a magician of Kiwai, vi. 101 ; of kings and magicians, and use of their severed limbs to fertilize the country, vi. 101 sq. ; of the bodies of the dead to prevent their souls from becoming dangerous ghosts, vi. 188
Displacement of heathen festivals by two days in the Christian calendar, i. 14
GENERAL INDEX
245
Disposal of cut hair and nails, Hi. 267* sqq.
Ditino, deified dead kings of the Barotse, vi. 194
Dittenberger, W., on the Eleusinian games, vii. 77 «.4
Dittmar, C. von, on the fear of demons among the Koryaks, ix. 100 sq.
Diurnal tenure of the kingship, iv. 118 sq.
Dius, a Macedonian month, vii. 46 n.2
Divination from spittle, i. 99 ; by cast- ing stones, inspection of entrails, and interpretation of dreams, i. 344 ; regalia employed as instruments of, i. 363 ; various modes of, on May morning to discover who should be married first, ii. 67 sq. ; by flowers, ii. 345 ; by wells, ii. 345 ; as to love on St. George's Day among the Slavs, ii. 345 sq. ; by crystals, hi. 56 ; by shoulder-blades, iii. 229, viii. 234 ; by knotted threads, iii. 304 «.5 ; to determine the ancestor who is reborn in a child, iii. 368 sq. ; by tree and water at Delphi, iv. 80 ; at Mid- summer, v. 252 sq. , x. 208 sq. ; magic dwindles into, vii. no n. , x. 336 ; by crocodile - hunter, viii. 210 ; on Christmas Day, ix. 316 n.1 ; on Twelfth Night, ix. 316 ; on St. John's Night (Midsummer Eve), x. 173, xi. 46 «.3, 50, 52 sqq. , 61, 64, 67 sqq. ', at Hallowe'en, x. 225, 228 sqq. ; by stones at Hallow- e'en fires, x. 230 sq , 239, 240 ; by stolen kail, x. 234 sq., 241; by clue of yarn, x. 235, 240, 241, 243 ; by hemp seed, x. 235, 241, 245 ; by winnowmg-basket, x. 236 ; by thrown shoe, x. 236 ; by wet shirt, x. 236,
241 ; by white of eggs, x. 236 sq. , 238 ; by apples in water, x. 237 ; by a ring, x. 237 ; by names on chimney- piece, x. 237 ; by three plates or basins, x. 237 sq. , 240, 244 ; by nuts in fire, x. 237, 239, 241, 242, 245; by salt cake, or salt herring, x. 238 sq. ; by a sliced apple, x. 238 ; by eaves- dropping, x. 238, 243, 244 ; by knife, x. 241 ; by briar-thorn, x. 242 ; by melted lead, x. 242 ; by cabbages, x.
242 ; by cake at Hallowe'en, x. 242,
243 ; by ashes, x. 243, 244, 245 ; by salt, x. 244 ; by raking a rick, x. 247. See also Divining-rod
Divine animal, killing the, viii. 169 sqq. ' animals as scapegoats, ix. 216^.,
226 sq. 11 consort, the," ii. 131
O king, the killing of the, iv. 9 sqq.
kings of the Shilluk, iv. 17 sqq.
men as scapegoats, ix. 217 sqq.,
226 sq.
Divine personages not allowed to touch the ground with their feet, x. 2 sqq. ; not allowed to see the sun, x. 18 sqq. ; suspended for safety between heaven and earth, x. 98 sq.
spirit incarnate in Shilluk kings,
iv. 21, 26 sq.
Diviners, ancient, their rules of diet,
viii. 143
Divining bones, vi. 180, 181 rod cut on Midsummer Eve, xi.
67 sqq. • made of hazel, xi. 67 sg.,
291 #.3 ; made of mistletoe in Sweden,
xi. 69, 291 ; made of four sorts of
wood, xi. 69 ; made of willow, xi.
69 n. ] made out of a parasitic rowan,
xi. 281 sq. Divinities, human, bound by many rules,
iii. 419 sq. ; of the volcano Kirauea,
v. 217
Divinity of the Brahmans, i. 403 sq. of chief supposed to reside in his
eyes, viii. 153 claimed by Fijian chiefs, i. 389
of kings, i. 48 sqq. , 372 ; in the
Pacific, i. 386 sqq. ; in Africa, i. 392 sq. , 396 ; among the Hovas, i. 397 ; among the Sakkalava, i. 397 sq. \ among the Malays, i. 398 ; in India, i. 403 ; in great historical empires, i. 415 sqq. ; growth of the conception of the, ii. 376 sqq. ; among the Semites, v. 15 sqq. ; among the Lydians, v. 182 sqq.
Divisibility of life, doctrine of the, xi.
221 Division of labour in relation to social
progress, i. 420 ; between the sexes,
vii. 129 Divorce of spiritual from temporal power,
iii. 17 sqq. Diwali, Hindoo feast of lamps, ii. 160,
ix. 145 Dix Cove, in Guinea, crocodiles sacred
at, viii. 287 Dixmude, in Belgium, feast of All Souls
at, vi. 70 Dixon, Roland B. , on the importance of
shamans among the Maidu, i. 357 Dixon, Dr. W. E. , on hemlock as an
anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 n.1 Djakuns of the Malay Peninsula, their
mode of making fire, ii. 236 Djuldjul, girl dressed in leaves and
flowers at rain-making ceremony, i.
274
Dobischwald, in Silesia, custom at thresh- ing at, vii. 148 ; need-fire at, x. 278 Dobrizhoffer, Father M. , on the reluctance
of the Abipones to utter their own
names, iii. 328 ;
among the Abipones, 111. 360 ; on the
246
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
respect of the Abipones for the Pleiades, v. 258 ».a
Doctrine of lunar sympathy, vi. 140 sqq.
Ddd, " beloved," v. 19 ».2, 20 «.a
Dodge, Colonel R. I., on exorcism of strangers among North American Indians, iii. 105 ; on the death of the Great Spirit, iv, 3
Dodola, girl clad in grass and herbs at rain-making ceremony, i. 273
Dodona, oracular spring at, ii. 172 ; Zeus at, ii. 177 ; Zeus and Dione at, ii. 189 ; bronze gongs at, ii. 358 sq. ; Zeus and his oracular oak at, ii. 358, xi. 89 sq.
Dodwell, E., on image of Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 64
Dog, sacrificed to war-god, i. 173 ; used in rain-making, i. 302 ; used in stop- ping rain, i. 303 ; sacrificed to tree- spirit, ii. 36 ; sacrificed on roof of new house, ii. 39 ; prohibition to touch or name, iii. 13; killed instead of king, iv. 17 ; corn-spirit as, vii. 271 sqq. ; of the harvest, vii. 273 ; feast on flesh of, viii. 256 ; Iroquois sacrifice of white, viii. 258 n.1, ix. 127, 209 ; transmigration of sinner into, viii. 299 ; sickness transferred to, ix. 33 ; cough transferred to, ix. 51 ; fever transferred to, ix. 51 ; sacrifice of, in time of smallpox, ix. 121 ; as scapegoat, ix. 209 sq. ; not allowed to enter priest's house, x. 4 ; beaten to ensure woman's fertility, x. 69 ; charm against the bite of a mad, xi. 56 ; a Batta totem, xi. 223. See also Dogs
, black, sacrificed for rain, i. 291 ; used to stop rain, i. 303
, white, sacrifice of, viii. 258 «.2,
ix. 127, 209
Dog-demon of epilepsy, ix. 69 n.
-eating Spirit, vii. 21
Dog Star, red-haired puppies sacrificed to the, vii. 261 ; supposed to blight the crops, vii. 261 ; supposed by the ancients to cause the heat of summer, x. 332. See Sirius
Dog's ghost feared by women, viii. 232 «.J
Dogrib Indians will not taste blood, iii. 241 ; do not pare nails of female chil- dren, iii. 263
Dogs crowned, i. 14, ii. 125^., 127 sq. ; sacrificed at the marriage of Sun and Earth, ii. 99 ; witches turn into, ii. 334 ; sacrificed and hung on trees of sacred grove, ii. 365 ; bones of game kept from, iii. 206 ; unclean, iii. 206 ; tigers called, iii. 402 , devoured in religious rites, vii. 19, 20, ax, 22 ; their flesh or liver eaten to acquire
bravery, viii. 145 ; sacrificed at bear- feasts, viii. 196, 202 ; not allowed to gnaw bones of slain animals, viii. 225, 238 sqq. , 243, 259 ; bones of deer not given to, viii. 241, 242, 243 ; the re- surrection of, viii. 256 sq. \ pairing, fertilizing virtue of stick which has been used to separate, ix. 264 sq. \ imitated by dancers, ix. 382. See also Dog, Hounds
Dolac, need-fire at, x. 286
Doliche in Commagene, Jupiter Doliche- nus at, v. 136
Doll made of last corn at harvest, vii. 140, 151, 153, 155, 157, 162. See also Dolls
Dollar-bird associated with rain, i.
287 sq.
Dolls or puppets employed for the re- storation of souls to their bodies, iii. 53 S43- • 62 sq. See also Doll, Puppets
Dolmen, sick children passed through a hole in a, xi. 188
Domalde, a Swedish king, sacrificed for good seasons, i. 366 sq.
Domaszewski, Professor A. , on the rites of Attis at Rome, v. 266 «.2
Dominica rosae, the fourth Sunday in Lent, iv. 222 n.1
Domitian and the oak crown, ii. 177 n.
Dommartin, Lenten fires at, x. 109
Domovoy, Russian house-spirit, ii.
233 "-1 Doms of India, their primitive beliefs, ii.
288 n.1
Don Quixote, as to edible acorns, ii. 356
1 ' Donald of the Ear, " magic effigy of, i. 69
Donar or Thunar, the German thunder god, the oak of, ii. 364
Door, the words for, in Aryan languages, ii. 384 ; of house protected against fiends, viii. 96 ; certain fish and portions of animals not to be brought into house through the, viii. 189 sq.% 193, 196, 242 sq., 256 ; separate, for girls at puberty, x. 43, 44. See also Doors
Doorie, hill of, at Burghead, x. 267
Doorposts, blood of sacrificial victims smeared on, iii. 15, iv. 97, 175, 176 ».1
Doors, Janus as a god of, ii. 383 sq. ; opened to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296, 297 ; opened to facilitate death, iii. 309 ; separate, used by menstruous women, x. 84
Doorway, to stand or loiter in the, for- bidden under certain circumstances, i. 114 ; creeping through narrow open- ing in, as a cure, xi. 181 sq.
Dorasques of Panama, their theory of earthquakes, v. 201
Dordrecht, "dew -treading" at Whit suntide at, ii. 104 n.9
GENERAL INDEX
Doreh in Dutch New Guinea, ghosts of
the murdered driven away at, iii. 170 ;
the tug-of-war at, ix. 178 Doreh Bay in Dutch New Guinea, i. 125,
iv. 288 Dorians, their superstition as to meteors,
iv. 59
Dormice, charm against, viii. 281 Dorpat, rain-making at, i. 248 Dos Santos, J. , on the divinity of African
kings, i. 392 ; on the method adopted
by a Caffre king to prolong his life,
vi. 222 sq. Dosadhs, an Indian caste, the fire-walk
among the, xi. 5 Dosuma, king of, not allowed to touch
the ground, x. 3 Douay, procession of the giants at, xi.
33 '?•
Double, the afterbirth or placenta, re- garded as a person's double, vi. 169 sq.
Double-axe, Midsummer king of the, x. 194
-headed axe, symbol of Sandan, v.
127 ; carried by Lydian kings, v. 182 ; a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182 ; figured on coins, v. 183 n.
-headed bust at Nemi, i. 41 sq.
headed eagle, Hittite emblem, v.
133 «• -headed fetish among the Bush
negroes of Surinam, ii. 385 -headed Janus, explanation of, ii.
384 sq. personification of the corn as male
and female, vii. 163 sq. ; of the corn
in female form as old and young, vii.
164 sqq., 209 sq. \ of the corn as
mother and daughter, vii. 207 sqq. Doubles, spiritual, of men and animals,
in ancient Egypt, iii. 28 sq. Doubs, Montagne de, bonfires on the
Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316 Dough image of god eaten sacramentally,
viii. 86 sqq. , 90 sq. — - images of animals sacrificed instead
of the animals, viii. 95 «.a • puppets as substitutes for live
human beings, viii. 101 sq. Douglas, Alexander, victim of witchcraft,
ix. 39 Dourgne, in Southern France, crawling
through holed stones near, xi. 187 sq. Doutte", Edmond, on the invocation of
jinn by their names, iii. 390 ; on sacred
prostitution in Morocco, v. 39 n.8 ;
on the blessed influence (baraka), of
Mohammedan saints, ix. 22 Dove, the ceremony of the fiery, at
Easter in Florence, x. 126 ; a Batta
totem, xi. 223
Doves burnt in honour of Adonis, v. 126 «.a, 147 ; external soul of magi- cians in, xi. 104 ; Aeneas led by doves to the Golden Bough, xi. 285, 316 n.1 Doves, sacred, of Aphrodite, v. 33 ; of
Astarte, v. 147, ix. 370 n.1 Down, County, ' 4 Winning the Churn "
at harvest in, vii. 154 sq. Dowries earned by prostitution, v. 38, 59 Dracaena terminalis, in magic, i. 159 ; its leaves used to beat the sick, ix. 265 Dragon, rain-god represented as, i, 297, 298 ; or serpent of water, ii. 155 sqq. ; the Slaying of the, at Furth, ii. 163 sq. ; effigy of, carried at Ragusa on St. George's Day, ii. 164 n.1 ; drama of the slaughter of the, iv. 78 sqq., 89; myth of the slaughter of the, iv. 105 sqq. \ slain by Cadmus at Thebes, vi. 241 ; at Midsummer, effigy of, xi. 37 ; external soul of a queen in a, xi. 105 ; of the water-mill, Servian story of the, xi. 1 1 1 sqq.
and Apollo, at Delphi, iv. 78 sqq.t
vi. 240
of Rouen, destroyed by St. Remain,
ii. 164 sqq., 167
of Tarascon, carried in procession
on Whitsunday, ii. 170 n.1
and Tiger mountains, palace of the
head of Taoism on the, i. 413 sq. Dragon-crest of kings, iv. 105
divinity of stream prayed to for
rain, i. 291 sq.
stone thought to confer sharpness
of vision, i. 165 «.a
Dragon's blood, a protection against witchcraft, ii. 164 ; knowledge of the language of birds learnt through tast- ing, viii. 146
Dragons, artificial, in rain-making, i. 297 ; or serpents personated by kings, iv. 82 ; driven away by smoke of Mid- summer bonfires, x. 161 ; St. Peter's fires lighted to drive away, x. 195 of water, folk- tales of virgins sacri- ficed to, ii. 155 Draguignan, in the department of Var,
Midsummer fires at, x. 193 Drama, sacred, of the death and resur- rection of Osiris, vi. 85 sq. ; modern Thracian, at the Carnival, vii. 25 sqq. ; magical, vii. 187 sq. Dramas, magical, to promote vegetation, ii. Z2O ; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 4 sq. ; to ensure good crops, vii. 187 sq.
, sacred, as magical rites, ix. 373 sqq.
Dramatic contests of actors representing Summer and Winter, iv. 254 sqq.
exhibitions sometimes originate in
magical rites, ii. 142
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Dramatic performance instituted in time of plague to appease the god, ix. 65
representation of the resurrection of
Osiris in his rites, vi. 85 ; of the corn- spirit, viii. 325
rites practised with magical inten- tion, vti. i
weddings of gods and goddesses,
ii. 121
Dranpadi or Krishna, the wooing of the princess, ii. 306 ; the heroine of the Mahabharata, xi. 7
Dravidian tribes of Northern India for- bid a menstruous woman to touch house-thatch, i. 179 n.1 ; their cure for epilepsy, ix. 259 sq.
Drawing on wood or sand forbidden in absence of hunters, i. 122
Dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 76 sqq. ; dread of witch- craft in Europe, x. 342
Dream, guardian spirit or animal acquired in a, xi. 256 sq.
Dreaming on flowers on Midsummer Eve, x. 175. See Dreams
Dreams, modes of counteracting evil, i. 172 sq. ; the telling ot, a charm to calm a storm, i. 321 ; the interpreta- tion of, i. 344 ; absence of soul in, iii. 36 sqq. ; belief of savages in the reality of, iii. 36 sq. ; omens drawn from, iii. 161, 163, 404, 406 ; spirits of the dead appear to the living in, iii. 368, 374, vi. 162, 190 ; revelations in, iv. 25 ; women visited by a serpent in dreams in a sanctuary of Aesculapius, v. 80 ; revelations given to sick people by Pluto and Persephone in, v. 205 ; as causes of attempted transformation of men into women, vi. 255 sqq. ; as a source of belief in immortality, viii. 260 sq. ; and their fulfilment in time of sickness, ix. 121 ; festival of, among the Iroquois, ix. 127; oracular, x. 238, 242 ; of love on Midsummer Eve, xi. 52, 54; prophetic, on the bloom of the oak, xi. 292 ; prophetic, on mistletoe, xi. 293
Dreikonigstag, Twelfth Day in Germany and Austria, ix. 329
Drenching of people with water as a rain- charm, i. 250, 251, 269 sq. , 272, 273, 274, 275, 277 sq. , ii. 77 ; of trees as a rain-charm, ii. 47; of leaf-clad mummer as a rain-charm, iv. 211 ; of last corn cut with water as a rain- charm, v. 237 sq.
Drinking, modes of, practised by ta- booed persons, iii. 117 sqq., 120, 143, 146, 147, 148, 160, 182, 183, 185, 189, 197, 198, 256 ; juices of dead kinsfolk, viii. 163 «.8
Drinking out of a king's skull In order to be inspired by his spirit, vi. 171
and eating, taboos on, iii. 116
sqq.
Drischila, a threshing cake in West Bohemia, vii. 150
Driver, Professor S. R. , on the prae- Israelitish inhabitants of Canaan, iv. 170 n.6 ; on the consecration of the firstling males, iv. 173 n.1
1 ' Driving out the Witches" on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 162 ; on Wal- purgis Night in Voigtland, x. 160 ; at Midsummer in Switzerland, x. 170, 171
Drobede (Draupadi), the heroine of the epic Mahabharata, xi. 7
Dromling, in Brunswick, dramatic con- test between Summer and Winter at, iv. 257
Dromling district, in Hanover, need-fire in, x. 277
Drops of water m homoeopathic magic,
i- 173
Dropsy, ancient Greek mode of prevent- ing, i. 78 ; ceremony to prevent, in India, i. 79
Drought, funeral of, a rain-making cere- mony, i. 274 ; supposed to be caused by unburied dead, i. 287 ; violence done to the rain-powers in time of, i. 296 sqq. ; magical ceremony for causing, i. 313; and dearth, chiefs and kings punished for, i. 352 sqq. ; rain -makers killed in time of, ii. 2, 3 ; supposed to be caused by sexual crime, ii. no, in, 113; supposed to be caused by a concealed miscarriage, iii. 153 sq. ; kings answerable for, v. 21 sq. ; attributed to misconduct of young girls, x. 31
Drowned, souls of the, thought to pass into trees, animals, or fish, ii. 30 ; in holy spring, the sacred bull Apis, viii. 36
Drowning as a punishment for sexual crimes, ii. 109, no, m ; sacrifice by, ii. 364 ; as a mode of executing royal criminals, iii. 242, 243
Drowning girls in rivers as sacrifices, ii. 151 sq.
human victims as sacrifices to water- spirits, ii. 157 sqq.
Drowo, gods, in the language of the Ewe-speaking peoples of West Africa, ix. 74
Druid, purification performed by an Irish, ii. 116; etymology of the word, x. 76 n.1
Druid's Glass, certain beads called the, x. 16 ; prediction, the, x. 229
Druidical festivals, so-called, of the Scotch Highlanders, x. 147, 206; custom of
GENERAL INDEX
249
burning live animals, xi. 38 ; the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 sq. , 43 sq.
Druidical sacrifices, W. Mannhardt's theory of the, xi. 43
Draidism, so-called, remains of, x. 233, 241 ; and the Christian Church in relation to witchcraft, xi. 42
Druids, Lucan on the, i. 2 n.1 ; oak and mistletoe worshipped by the, ii. 9, 358, 362, xi. 76 sq. , 301 ; female, ii. 241 n. 1 ; derivation of the name, ii. 363 ; the Irish, ii. 363 ; their superstition as to "serpents' eggs," x. 15; their human sacrifices, xi. 32 sq. \ in rela- tion to the Midsummer festival, xi. 33 sqq., 45 ; their cycle of thirty years, xi. 77 ; catch the mistletoe in a white cloth, xi. 293
of Gaul, their sacrifices of white
bulls, ii. 189
of Ireland, their custom of driving
cattle between two fires at Beltane (May Day), x. 157
Druids' Hill, the, in County Sligo, x. 229
Drum, eating out of a, as a sacrament in the rites of Attis, v. 274
Drumconrath, near Abbeyleix, in Ire- land, cut hair kept against the Day of Judgment at, iii. 280 sq.
Drums, homoeopathic magic at the making of, i. 134 sq. ; beaten as a charm against a storm, i. 328 ; human sacrifice for royal, vi. 223, 225 ; beaten to expel demons, ix. in, 113, 116, 118, 120, 126, 146, 204
Drunkard, corpse of, in rain-charm, i. 285
Dry food eaten, on principle of homoeo- pathic magic, i. 114, 144 ; food to be eaten by rain-doctor when he wishes to avert rain, i. 271
Dryas, killed by his father King Lycur- gus, vii. 24
and Qlitus, their contest for a bride,
ii. 307
Drynemetum, "the temple of the oak," in Galatia, ii. 363, xi. 89
Du Chaillu, P. B., the Ashira dispute for the clippings of his hair, iii. 271 sq.
Du Pratz, Le Page, on the fire-temples of the Natchez, ii. 263 ; on the festival of the new corn among the Natchez Indians, viii. 77 sqq.
Duala tribe of the Cameroons, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n.1
Duals, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337
Dublin, Whitsuntide custom near, ii. 103 ; custom on May Day at, ii. 141 V- VOL. XII
Dubrajpur, in Bengal, rain-making at, i.
278
Dubrowitschi, a Russian village, expul- sion of spirit of plague at, ix. 173 Duchesne, Mgr. L., on the origin of
Christmas, v. 305 «.4 ; on the date of
the Crucifixion, v. 307 Duck, gripes transferred to a, ix. 50 ;
baked alive as a sacrifice in Suffolk,
x. 304 Duck's egg, external soul in a, xi. 109
sq. , 115 sq. , 116, 119 sq. , 120, 126,
130, 132 Ducks and frogs imitated in rain-making,
*• 255 and ptarmigan, dramatic contest
of the, iv. 259 Dudilaa, a spirit who lives in the sun,
flesh of pig offered to, ix. 186 DuduM, boy decked with ferns and
flowers at rain-making ceremony, i.
274 Dugong, magical models of, i. 108 ;
skulls and bones of, preserved, viii.
258 «.2 Dugong fishing, taboos in connexion with,
iii. 192 Duk-duk, a disguised man representing a
cassowary, xi. 247 Duk-duk, secret society of New Britain,
New Ireland, and Duke of York Island,
x. ii, xi. 246 sq. Duke Town, on the Calabar River,
crocodile animated by soul of chief at,
xi. 209 Town, in Guinea, human sacrifices
to the river at, ii. 158 ; periodic expul- sion of demons at, ix. 204 n.1 Duke of York Island, xi. 199 n.2; the
natives of, pay the fish for those which
they catch, viii. 252 ; Duk-duk society
in, xi. 247 ; exogamous classes in,
xi. 248 n. Dukkala, in Morocco, New Year customs
in, x. 218
Dulyn, the tarn of, on Snowdon, i. 307 Dumannos, a month of the Gallic
calendar, ix. 343 Dumbartonshire, the harvest Maiden in,
vii. 157^., 218 «.2; harvest custom
in, vii. 268 ; Hallowe'en in, x. 237 n.6 Dumfriesshire, mode of cutting the last
standing corn in, vii. 154 Dummies to avert attention of ghosts or
demons, viii. 96 sqq. " Dumping" people on harvest field, vii.
226 sq. Dumplings in human form at threshing,
vii. 148 ; in form of pigs at harvest
supper, vii. 299 Dun Death, in Caithness, need-fire at, x.
2QI
R
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Duncan, Mr., on the ceremonial canni- balism of the coast tribes of British Columbia, vii. 18 sq.
Dung-beetle imitated by actor or dancer, ix. 381
Dunkeld, Hallowe'en fires near, x. 232
Dunkirk, procession of giants on Mid- summer Day at, xi. 34 sq.
Dunvegan, the laird of, supposed to attract herring, i. 368
Duplication of deities, vii. 212 sq., ix. 405 sq. \ an effect of dialectical differ- ences, ii. 382 sq.
Duran, Diego, Spanish historian of Mexico, ix. 295 n.1 \ on the human representative of Xipe, ' ' the Flayed God," ix. 297 ; on the date of the festival of the flaying of men, ix. 300 n.1
Durandus, G. (W. Durantis), his Ration' ale Divinorum Ojficiorum, x. 161
Durga, image of, in a magical ceremony, i. 65
Durham, Miss M. E. , on Albanian super- stition as to portraits, iii. 100
Durham, the me II or kirn at harvest in, vii. 151 ; Easter candle in the cathedral of, x. 122 n.
Durian-tree threatened in order to make it bear fruit, ii. 20 sq.
Durostorurn in Moesia, martyrdom of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 n.1 ; celebration of the Saturnalia at, ix. 309
Dtirrenbuchig, in Baden, the last sheaf called Goat at, vii. 283
Durris, parish of Kincardineshire, Mid- . summer fires in the, x. 206 sq.
Durrow, the oaks of, ii. 242
Dusk of the Evening, prayers of girl at puberty to the, x. 53
Dussaud, Re"ne", on stones deposited at shrines, ix. 22 ».2
Diisseldorf, Shrove Tuesday custom in the district of, x. 120
Dussera festival in Behar, i. 279
Dusuns of Borneo, their suspicion of novelties, iii. 230 ; their annual ex- pulsion of evils, ix. 200 sq.
Dutch custom at the madder-harvest, vii. 231 ; names for mistletoe, xi. 319 n.1
Dux, in the Tyrol, "striking down the dog " at harvest at, vii. 273
Dwandwes, a Zulu tribe, change of name for the sun among the, iii. 376 sq.
Dwarf-elder at Midsummer detects witch- craft, xi. 64
Dwarf tribes of Central Africa, their cus- tom at circumcision, i. 95 «.4; said not to know how to make fire, ii. 255
Dyak medicine-men, homoeopathic cure effected by, i. 84 ; their use of crystals in divination, iii. 56
Dyak mode of fishing for a lost soul, iii. 38
sorcerer, his use of effigies to heal
a child, viii. 102
stories of the type of Beauty and
the Beast, iv. 126 sqq.
taboos observed in absence of hun- ters, i. 120
warriors shear their hair on their
return, iii. 261
Dyaks, the, of Borneo, ceremony to aid a woman in childbirth among, i. 73 sq. ; telepathy in war among, i. 127 ; their way of strengthening their souls, i. 159 sq. \ their ascription of souls to trees, ii. 13 ; believe that the souls of those who die by accident or drowning pass into trees, animals, or fish, ii. 30 sq. ; call on tree-spirit to quit tree before it is felled, ii. 37 ; their custom at felling a jungle, ii. 38 ; their belief as to the blighting effects of sexual crimes, ii. 108 sq. ; their use of effigies to heal the sick, iii. 63 w.2, viii. 100 sq. , 102 ; their mode of securing the souls of their enemies, iii. 71 sq. \ extract the souls of captured foes, iii. 72 n.1 ; taboos as to tying knots during a woman's pregnancy among, iii. 294 ; children called the fathers or mothers of their first cousins among, iii. 332 sq. ; names of relations tabooed among, iii. 339 sq. ; their belief as to the spirit of gold, iii. 409 sq. ; taboos observed by, in digging for gold, iii. 410 ; sacrifice cattle instead of human victims, iv. 166 n.1', practice of swinging among their medicine-men, iv. 280 sq. ; their whole life dominated by religion, vii. 98 ; their ceremonies to secure the rice-soul, vii. 188 sq. \ their sun-dial, vii. 314 «.4 ; their use of images to deceive demons of plague, viii. 100 sq. ; their festival of first-fruits, viii. 122 ; will not let warriors eat venison lest it make them timid, viii. 144 ; their unwillingness to kill croco- diles, viii. 209 ; their ceremonies at killing crocodiles, viii. 209 sqq. ; their priestesses, ix. 5 ; their transference of evil, ix. 5; their "lying heaps," ix. 14 ; their mode of neutralizing bad omens, ix. 39 ; their Head Feast, ix. 383 ; birth-trees among, xi. 164 ; trees and plants as life indices among, xi. 164 sq. ; their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222. See also Sea Dyaks
of Landak and Tajan, mairiage
custom of the, x. 5 ; birth-trees among the, xi. 164
of Pinoeh, their custom at a birth,
xi 154 sq.
GENERAL INDEX
251
Dyaks of Poelopetak, their words for soul, vii. 182 sq.
of Sarawak, their belief in the
power of the Rajah to fertilize the rice-crops, i. 361 sq. ; their custom at rice harvest and sowing, ii. 48 ; story of their descent from a fish, iv. 126 ; their custom of swinging at har- vest feast, iv. 277 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 314 ; eat parts of slain foes, viii. 152
, the Sea, or Ibans, of Sarawak, viii.
279 ; rules observed by women among, while the men are at war, i. 127 sq. ; their sacred trees, ii. 40 sq. ; their sorcerers supposed to hook departing souls, iii. 30 ; their modes of recalling the soul, iii. 47 sq. , 52 sq. , 55 sq., 60, 67 ; taboos observed by head-hunters among, iii. 166 sq. ; their propitiation of dead omen birds, iv. 126 ; their sacrifices during an epidemic, iv. 176 n.l\ their custom of head-hunting, v. 295 sq. ; the idea of metampsychosis among, viii. 294 sq. ; their modes of pro- tecting their farms against mice, viii. 279 ; their festival of departed spirits, ix. 154
Dying at ebb tide, i. 167 sq. ; custom of catching the souls of the, iv. 198 sqq. ; by deputy, iv. 56, 160 Dying god as scapegoat, ix. 227
and Reviving God, vii. i, 33
and risen god, the, in Western
Asia, ix. 421 sq.
Dynder,inHerefordshire, sin-eater at,ix. 43 Dziewanna, puppet representing the god- dess of spring in Polish districts of Silesia, iv. 246
Ea, Babylonian god, v. 9 ; the inventor of magic, i. 240
Eabani, Babylonian hero, his death and resurrection, ix. 398 sq.
Eagle, guardian spirit as, i. 200 ; tree on which an eagle has built its nest deemed holy, ii. n ; the bird of Jove, ii. 175 ; soul in form of, iii. 34 ; to carry soul to heaven, v. 126 sq. ; sacri- fice to, x. 152
, double-headed, Hittite emblem, v.
133 «• Eagle bone, used to drink out of, x. 45
clan of the Niskas, xi. 271, 272 n.1
hawk totem, i. 162 ; legs of boys
beaten with leg-bone of, to make them
strong, viii. 165 «.2 ; external soul of
medicine-man in, xi. 199 • hunters, taboos observed by, i. 116,
iii. 198 sq. ; taboos observed by the
wives and children of, i. 119 ; charms
employed by, i. 149 sq.
Eagle-owl worshipped by the Ainos, viii.
199 sq.
spirits and buried treasures, x. 218
wood, telepathy in search for, i.
1 20 ; special language employed by
searchers for, iii. 404 Eagle's gall in homoeopathic magic, i.
iS4
tongue torn out and worn as
talisman, viii. 270
Eagles not called by their proper names, iii. 399 ; worshipped by the Ainos, viii. 200 ; propitiation of dead, viii. 236
, sacred among the Ostyaks, ii. 1 1
Eames, W., on voluntary substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 273
Ear of corn, reaped, displayed to the initiates at the Eleusinian mysteries, ii. 138 sq. , vii. 38 ; emblem of Demeter, v. 166
Ears cleansed by serpents, i. 158 ; stopped to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 31 ; of sacrificial victims cut off, iv. 97; of seers licked by serpents, vii. 147 n.1 ; regarded as the seat of intelligence, vii. 148 ; of brave men eaten, viii. 148 ; of dead enemies cut out, viii. 271 sq. ; blood drawn from, as pen- ance, ix. 292
Earth, inspired priestess of, i. 381 sq. ; from a grave, magical uses of, i. 147 sq., 150 ; spring festival of the marri- age of, ii. 76 sq.t 94 ; conceived by the Greeks as the Mother of corn, cattle, and human beings, ii. 128 w.4 ; pray- ing to Zeus for rain, image of, ii. 359 ; festival in honour of, iii. 247 ; subterranean, sacrifices to, vii. 66 ; Lithuanian prayers to the, viii. 49 ; the spirit of, worshipped before sowing, viii. 1 20 ; first berries of the season offered to the, viii. 133 sq. ; taboos observed by the priest of, in Southern Nigeria, x. 4 ; prayers to, x. 50
, the goddess, mother of Typhon, v.
156
, Grandmother, the cause of earth- quakes, v. 198
and heaven, between, xi. i sqq.
, the Mistress of the, ix. 85
, Mother, v. 27 ; prayed to for rain,
i. 283 ; festival of, v. 90 ; vicarious sacrifices offered to, viii. 105
, the Nursing-Mother at Athens, vii.
89 «.2
and sky, myth of their violent
separation, v. 283
, the spirit of the, worshipped before
sowing, viii. 120
and Sun, marriage of the, ii. 98 sq.,
148
252
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Earth-demons dreaded by Tibetans, viii. 96
god, vii. 69, ix. 28, 61 ; the Egyp- tian, ix. 341
. goddess, sacrifice for rain to, i. 291 ;
pregnant cows sacrificed to, ii. 229 ; annually married to Sun-god, v. 47 sq. ; disturbed by the operations of hus- bandry, v. 88 sqq. ; married to Sky- god, v. 282, with w.a ; distinguished from Demeter, vii. 41, 43, 89 ; in Greek art, vii. 89 ; human sacrifices offered to, vii. 245, 246, 249, 250 ; first- fruits of maize offered to the, viii. 115 '
— . -gods, slaves of the, viii. 61, 62 n.1
— -mothers, name given to maize- spadices growing as twins, vii. 173 n.
-spirits possess the ore in mines, iii.
407 «.2; disturbed by agriculture, v. 89
Earthrnan, the, representing the god of the earth, ix. 61
Earthquake god, v. 194 sqq.
Earthquakes supposed to be caused by indulgence in illicit love, ii. in n.s ; attempts to stop, v. 196 sqq. ; Manichean theory of, v. 197
Earthworms eaten by dancing girls, viii. 147
Easing nature, a charm used by robbers, vii. 235
East, the ascetic idealism of the, ii. 117 ; mother -kin and Mother Goddesses in the ancient, vi. 212 sqq. ; the Wise Men of the, ix. 330 sq.
Indian evidence of the belief in the
transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 298 n.2
East Indian islands, epilepsy transferred to leaves in the, ix. 2 ; demons of sickness expelled in little ships in the, ix. 185
» Indies, pregnant women forbidden to tie knots in the, iii. 294 ; everything in house opened to facilitate childbirth in the, iii. 297 ; reluctance of persons to tell their names in the, iii. 328 ; the Rice-mother in the, vii. 180 sqq. ; sacrifices of first-fruits in the, viii. 122 sqq. ; the tug-of-war in the, ix. 177
Caster, rolling down a slope at, ii. 103 ; first Sunday after, iv. 249 ; custom of swinging on the four Sundays before, iv. 284 ; gardens of Adonis at, in Sicily, v. 253 sq. ; resem- blance of the festival of, to the rites of Adonis, v. 254 sqq. , 306 ; the festival of, assimilated to the spring festival of Attis, v. 306 sqq. ; controversy between Christians and pagans as to the origin of, v. 309 sq. ; White Russian custom at, to preserve the corn from hail, vii. 300; an old vernal festival of the
vegetation - god, ix. 328 ; fern - seed blooms at, xi. 292 n.z Easter candle, x. 121, 122, 125
ceremonies in the New World, x
127 sq.
eggs, ix. 269, x. 108, 143, 144
Eve, in Albania, expulsion of Kore
on, iv. 265, ix. 157 ; grain of Corn- mother scattered among the young corn on, vii. 134 ; new fire on, x. 121, 124, 126, 158 ; the fern blooms at, xi. 66
fires, x. 1 20 sqq.
Islanders, their modes of killing
animals, iii. 247 ; their offerings of first-fruits, viii. 133
Man, burning the, x. 144
Monday, festival of Green George
on, ii. 76 ; " Easter Smacks" on, ix. 268 ; fire-custom on, x. 143
Mountains, bonfires at Easter on,
x. 140, 141
Saturday, barren fruit-trees threat- ened on, ii. 22 ; new fire on, x. 121, 122, 124, 127, 128, 130 ; the divining- rod baptized on, xi. 69
" Smacks" in Germany and Austria,
ix. 268 sq.
Sunday, vii. 33 ; ceremony observed
by the gipsies of South-Eastern Europe on the evening of, ix. 207 sq. ; red eggs on, x. 122
Tuesday, swinging on, iv. 283 ;
" Easter Smacks " on, ix. 268, 270 n.
Eastertide, death and resurrection of Kostrubonko at, iv. 261 ; expulsion of evils at, in Calabria, ix. 157
Eater of animals, as epithet of a god, vii.
23
" of the Dead," fabulous Egyptian
monster, vi. 14
Eating out of sacred vessels, supposed effect of, iii. 4 ; together, covenant formed by, iii. 130 ; piece of slain man, custom obligatory on the slayer, iii. 174 ; the bodies of aged relations, custom of, iv. 14
and drinking, taboos on, iii. 116
sqq. ; fear of being seen in the act of, iii. 117 sqq.
the god, viii. 48 sqq. ; among the
Aztecs, viii. 86 sqq. ; reasons for, viii. 138 sq., 167
the soul of the rice, viii. 54
Eaves, rain-drops from, in magic, i. 253 Eavesdropping, divination by, x. 238,
243. 244
Ebb tide, death at, i. 167 sq. Echinadian Islands, death of the Great
Pan announced at the, iv. 6 Echternach in Luxemburg, Lenten fire
custom at, x. 116
GENERAL INDEX
253
Eck, R. van, on the belief in demons in Bali, ix. 86
Eckstein, Miss L. , on hunting the wren, viii. 317 ».a
Eclipse, ceremonies at an, i. 311 sq.
of the moon, custom of the Indians
of the Orinoco at an, i. 311 ; Athenian superstition as to an, vi. 141
of the sun, burning arrows shot
into the air at an, i. 311 ; practice of the Kamtchatkans at an, i. 312; prac- tice of the Chilcotin Indians at an, i. 312, iv. 77
of the sun and moon, belief of the
Tahitians as to, iv. 73 n.2
Eclipses attributed to monster biting or attacking the sun or moon, i. 311 n.1, x. 70, 162 n. ; air thought to be poisoned at, x. 162 n.
Ecliptic perhaps mimicked in dances, iv.
77
Economic history, the discovery of agri- culture the greatest advance in, vii. 129
progress a condition of intellectual
progress, i. 218
Ecstasy induced by smoking, viii. 72
Ecuador, the Canelos Indians of, iii. 97, viii. 285 ; the Saragacos Indians of, iii. 152 ; human sacrifices for the crops in, vii. 236 ; the Zaparo Indians of, viii. 139
Edbald, king of Kent, married his step- mother, ii. 283
Edda, the prose, story of Balder in, x.
101 ; the poetic, story of Balder in, x.
1 02
Eddesse, in Hanover, need-fire at, x.
275 sq.
Eden, the tree of life in, v. 186 n.* Edersleben, Midsummer fire-custom at,
x. 169 Edgewell Tree, oak at castle of Dalhousie,
thought to be linked with the fate of
the Dalhousie family, xi. 166, 284 Edom, blood royal apparently traced in
the female line in, v. 16 «. , the kings of, take the name of a
divinity, v. 15 ; their bones burned by
the Moabites, vi. 104 Edonians, a Thracian tribe, their king
Lycurgus put to death to restore
fertility to the land, i. 366, vi. 98, 99,
vii. 24 Edward the Confessor, English kings
said to derive their power of healing
scrofula from, i. 370 Edward VI., his Lord of Misrule, ix.
332, 334
Eel-skins in homoeopathic magic, i. 155 Eels regarded as water-serpents, iv. 84 ;
souls of dead in, viii. 289, 290, 292 Eesa, a Somali tribe, their custom of
milk-drinking on the morning after a marriage, vi. 246
Effacing impressions from bed-clothes, ashes, etc. , from superstitious motives, i. 213 sq.
Effect of geographical and climatic con- ditions on national character, vi. 217 ; supposed, of killing a totem animal, xi. 220
Effeminate sorcerers or priests, order of, vi. 253 sqq.
Effigies, substituted for human victims, iv. 215, 217 sq.t ix. 408; disease transferred to, ix. 7 ; demons conjured into, ix. 204, 205 ; burnt in bonfires, x. 106, 107, 116, 118 sq.t 119 sq,t i2i, 122, 159; burnt in the Mid- summer fires, x. 167, 172 sq.t 195; of witches burnt in the fires, x. 342, xi. 19, 43 ; of human beings burnt in the fires, xi. 21 sqq. ; of giants burnt in the summer fires, xi. 38. See also Effigy, Dolls, Images, Puppets*
of Carnival destroyed, iv. 222 sqq.
. of Death, iv. 233 sq. , 246 sqq.
of Judas burnt at Easter, x. 121,
127 sq., 130 sq.
of Kupalo, Kostroma, and Yarilo
drowned or buried in Russia, iv. 262 sq.
of Lent, seven-legged, in Spain and
Italy, iv. 244 sq.
of men and women hung at doors
of houses, viii. 94 ; buried with the dead to deceive their ghosts, viii. 97 sq. ; used to cure or prevent sickness, viii. 100 sqq.
of Osiris, stuffed with corn, buried
with the dead as a symbol of resurrec- tion, vi. 90 sq., 114
of Shrove Tuesday destroyed, iv.
227 sqq.
of Winter burnt at Zurich, iv. 260 sg.
Effigy, human sacrifices carried out in, iv. 217 sqq. ; of an ox broken as a spring ceremony in China, viii. 10 sqq. \ of man used in exorcizing misfortune, ix. 8 ; of baby used to fertilize women, ix. 245, 249 ; of absent friend cut in a tree, xi. 159 sq.
Effiks or Agalwa, the, of West Africa, their custom of carrying fire, ii. 259 ; their belief in external or bush souls, xi. 206
Efiat, human sacrifices offered by the fishermen of, ii. 158
Efugaos, the, of the Philippine Islands, suck the brains of dead foes to acquire their courage, viii. 152
Egbas, the, of West Africa, their custom of putting their kings to death, iv. 41
Egede, Hans, on impregnation by the moon among the Greenlanders, x. 76
254
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Egeria, water nymph at Nemi, i. 17-19, 41 ; and Numa, i. 18, ii. 172 sqq., 193, 380; perhaps a local form of Diana, u. 171 sq. , 267, 380; an oak- nymph, ii. 172, 267; the grove of, ii. 185
Egerius Baebius or Laevius, Latin dic- tator, dedicated the sacred grove at Nemi, i. 22
Egg broken in water, divination by means of, x. 208 sq.
shells preserved lest chickens should
die, viii. 258 n.z
Egghiou, a district of Abyssinia, rain- making in, i. 258
Eggs eaten by sower to make hemp grow tall, i. 138 ; of raven in homoeopathic magic, i. 154 ; or egg-shells, painted, in spring ceremonies, ii. 63, 65; col- lected on May Day, ii. 64, 65 ; yellow and red, fastened to Midsummer trees, ii. 65 ; collected at spring ceremonies, ii. 78 ; begged for by singers or maskers at Whitsuntide, ii. 81, 84, 85, 91 sq. ; in purificatory rite, ii. 109 ; offered at entering a strange land, in. no; reason for breaking shells of, iii. 129 sq. \ reason for not eating, viii. 140 ; charm to make hens lay, viii. 326 ; charm to ensure plenty of, x. 112, 338 ; begged for at Midsummer, x. 169 ; divination by white of, x. 236 sq., 238 ; external souls of fairy beings in, xi. 106 sqq., no, 125, 132 sq., 140 sq.
, Easter, ix. 269, x. 108, 122, 143,
144
Egin, in Armenia, rain -making at, i. 276 ; rain-pebbles at, i. 305
Egypt, the hawk the symbol of the sun and of the king in, iv. 112 ; wives of Ammon in, v. 72 ; date of the
corn -reaping in, v. 231 «.*
the
Nativity of the Sun at the winter solstice in, v. 303 ; in early June, vi. 31 ; the gods flee into, vii. 18 ; ghosts of murdered men nailed into the earth in, ix. 63 ; Isis and Osiris in, ix. 386
, ancient, magical images in, i.
66, 67 sq. ; theocratic despotism of, i. 218 ; power of magicians in, i. 225 ; confusion of magic and religion in, i. 230 sq. ; ceremonies for the regula- tion of the sun in, i. 312 ; kings blamed for failure of the crops in, i. 354 ; the sacred beasts held respon- sible for the course of nature in, i. 354 ; the royal crowns in, i. 364 ; king of, masquerading as Ammon, ii. 133 ; sacrifice to the Sun in, iii. 227 n. \ mock human sacrifices in, iv. 217 ; mother -kin in, vi. 213 sqq. ; human
sacrifices in, vu". 259 sqq. ; stratifica- tion of religion in, viii. 35 ; story ol the external soul in, xi. 134 sqq.
Egypt, the Flight into, xi. 69 n.
, kings of, derive their titles from
the sun-god, i. 418. See Egyptian
, Lower, the Red Crown of, vi. 21
n.1 ; Sais in, vi. 50
, modern, magicians work enchant- ments through the name of God in, iii. 390 ; headache nailed into a door in, ix. 63 ; belief in the jinn in, ix. 104
, Queen of, married to the god
Ammon, ii. 131 sq.
, Upper, temporary kings in, iv.
151 sq. ; the White Crown of, vi. 21 jz.1; new-born babes placed in corn- sieves in, vii. 7
Egyptian calendar, the official, vi. 24 sqq. ; date of its introduction, vi. 36 n.'2
ceremony to help the sun - god
against demons, i. 67 sq.
custom of drowning a girl as a
sacrifice to the Nile, ii, 151
deities arranged in trinities, iv.
5»."
doctrine that a woman can con- ceive by a god, ii. 135
farmer, calendar of the, vi. 30 sqq. \
his festivals, vi. 32 sqq. festivals, their dates shifting, vi. 24
sq., 92 sqq. ; readjustment of, vi. 91
sqq. gods, mortality of the ancient, iv.
4 sqq. ; trinities of gods, iv. 5 «.8
influence on Christian doctrine of
the Trinity, iv. 5 n.3
kings deified in their lifetime, i. 418
sqq. ; rules of life observed by, iii. 12 sq. ; flesh diet of, iii. 13, 291 ; drank no wine, iii. 249 ; called bulls, iv. 72 ; worshipped as gods, v. 52 ; the most ancient, buried at Abydos, vi. 19 ; their oath not to correct the vague Egyptian year by intercalation, vi. 26 ; perhaps formerly slain in the character of Osiris, vi. 97 sq. , 102 ; as Osiris, vi. 151 sqq. • renew their life by identifying themselves with the dead and risen Osiris, vi. 153 sq. ; born again at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155 sq. ; perhaps formerly put to death to prevent their bodily and mental decay, vi. 154 sq.t 156 ; their animal masks, vii. 260 ; deified, their souls deposited during life in portrait statues, xi. 157
kings and queens, their begetting
and birth depicted on the monuments, ii. 131 sqq.
magicians, their power of compelling
the deities, iii. 389 sq.
GENERAL INDEX
255
Egyptian months, table ot, vi. 37 n.
mothers glad when the holy croco- diles devoured their children, iv. 168 n.1
myth of the separation of earth and
sky, v. 283 «.8
priests' loathed the sea, iii. 10 ;
abstained from swine's flesh, viii. 24 «.a
reapers, their lamentations and invo- cations of Isis, v. 232, vi. 45, 177, vii. 215, 261, 263 ; their song or cry, vii. 215, 263
religion, the development ot, vi. 122
sqq. ; dominated by Osiris, vi. 158 sq.
sacred beasts, offerings to the, i.
zgsg.
sovereigns masked as lions, bulls,
and serpents, iv. 72 n.1 - standard resembling a placenta, vi.
156 ft* — - — tombs, plaques or palettes of schist
in, xi. 155 type of animal sacrament, viii. 312
sq., 314
women plaster their heads with
mud in mourning, iii. 182
year vague, not corrected by inter- calation, vi. 24 sq. ; the sacred, began with the rising of Sirius, vi. 35
Egyptians, their worship of sacred beasts, i. 29 sq. ; kept their hair unshorn on a journey, iii. 261 ; their funeral rites a copy of those performed over Osiris, vi. 15 ; their hope of immortality centred in Osiris, vi. 15^,114, 159 ; their dead identified with Osiris, vi. 16 ; their astronomers acquainted with the true length of the solar year, vi. 26, 27, 37 n. ; their ceremony at the winter solstice, vi. 50 ; their sacrifice of red- haired men, vi. 97, 106 ; their language akin to the Semitic, vi. 161 ; the con- servatism of their character, vi. 217 sq. ; compared to the Chinese, vi. 218 ; worshipped crocodiles, viii. 209 n. ; their doctrine of the ka or external soul, xi. 157 n.2
, the ancient, their festival, "the
nativity of the sun's walking-stick," i. 312 ; worshipped men and animals, i. 389 sq. ; sycamores worshipped by, ii. 15 ; ritual flight at embalming among, ii. 309 ».a ; their con- ception of the soul, iii. 28 sq. ; their practice as to souls of the dead, iii. 68 sq. ; personal names among, iii. 322 ; question of their ethnical affinity, vi. 161 ; human sacrifices offered by, vii, 259 sq. , xi. 286 «.2 ; their religious attitude to pigs, .viii. 24 sqq. ; their belief in spirits, ix. 103 sq. ; their use of
bulls as scapegoats, ix. 216 sq. ; the five supplementary days of their year, ix. 340 sq.
Eifel Mountains, the King of the Bean in the, ix. 313 ; Lenten fires in the, x. 115^., 336^.; effigy burnt at Cobern in the, x. 120; St. John's fires in the, x. 169; the Yule log in the,, x. 248; Midsummer flowers in the, xi. 48
Eight days, feast and license of, before expulsion of demons, ix. 131
years, reign of kings apparently
limited in ancient Greece to, iv. 58, 70 sqq. ; cycle in ancient Greece, iv. 68 sqq. , vii. 80 sqq.
Eighty-one (nine times nine) men make need-fire, x. 289, 294, 295
Eimine Ban, an Irish abbot, legend of his self-sacrifice, iv. 159 n.1
Eiresione of ancient Gieece, ii. 48, 71
Eisenach, effigy of Death burnt on the fourth Sunday of Lent at, iv. 247 ; harvest customs near, vii. 231
Oberland, the Corn-cat in the, vii.
280
Ekebergia sp., used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 210
Eket, in North Calabar, sacred lake near, xi. 209
Ekoi, the, of West Africa, their cus- tom of mutilating men and women at festivals, v. 270 n.'2 ; ceremony observed by them at crossing a ford, ix. 28 ; throw leaves on dead chame- leons, ix. 28 ; their belief in external or bush souls, xi. 206 sqq.
El, Phoenician god, v. 13, 16 n.1 ; identi- fied with Cronus, v. 166
-Bugat, festival of mourning for
Tammuz in Harran, v. 230
Ki boron, a Masai clan, may not
pluck out their beards lest they lose their power of making rain, iii. 260 ; their respect for serpents as embodi- ments of the dead, viii. 288
Obeid, i. 122
Elam, the kings of, their bones carried
off by Ashurbanipal, vi. 103 sq. Elamite deities in opposition to Babylonian
deities, ix. 366 ; inscriptions, ix. 367 Elamites, the hereditary foes of the
Babylonians, ix. 366 Elangela, external soul in Fan language,
xi. 201, 226 n.1 Elans treated with respect by American
Indians, viii. 240 Elaphebolion, an Athenian month, is.
143 «•• 35i
Elaphius, an Elean month, ix. 352 Elbe, the river, dangerous on Midsummer
Day, xi. 26 Elder brother* his name not to be pro-
256
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
nounced, iii. 341 ; the sin of marrying before an, ix. 3
Elder, dwarf, in rain-making, i. 273
-bush, cut hair buried under an,
iii. 275 ; creeping under an, as a cure for fever, ix. 55 . -flowers gathered at Midsummer, xi. 64
. -tree, cut hair and nails inserted in an, iii. 275 sq. ; fever transferred to a twig of the, ix. 49
. -trees sacred among the old Prus- sians, ii. 43
Elders, council of, in savage com- munities, i. 216 sq.
Eldest sons sacrificed for their fathers, iv. 161 sqq.
Elecampane in a popular remedy for worms, x. 17
Elective and hereditary monarchy, com- bination of the two, ii. 292 sqq.
i kings and hereditary queens, ii.
«95
Electric conductivity of various kinds of wood, xi. 299 «.*
lights on mast-heads, spears, etc., ancient superstitions as to, i. 49 sq.
Electricity, spiritual, royal personages charged with, i. 371
Elephant -hunters, taboos observed by wives of absent, i. 120, x. 5; telepathy of, i. 123 ; scarify themselves after killing an elephant, iii. 107 ; continence of, iii. 196 sq. ; special language em- ployed by, iii. 404 ; not to touch the earth with their feet, x. 5
— - -hunting, inoculation before, viii. 1 60
Elephant's flesh tabooed, i. 118 sq. ; thought to make eater strong, viii. 143
Elephants not to be called by their proper name, iii. 403, 407 ; souls of dead transmigrate into, iv. 85, viii. 289 ; ceremonies observed at the slaughter of, viii. 227 sq. , 237 ; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 202, 203 ; external human souls in, xi. 207
Eleusine grain, cultivated by the Nandi, vii. 117
Eleusinian Games, vii. 70 sqq., no, 180; held every four or two years, vii. 70, 77 ; victors in the, rewarded with measures of barley, vii. 73 ; primarily concerned with Demeter and Perse- phone as goddesses of the corn, vii. 74 ; less ancient than the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 87 sq.
— inscription dealing with first-fruits, vii. 55 sq.
— mysteries, vii. 35 sqq. ; presided over by the king, i. 44 ; sacred marriage of
Zeus and Demeter in the, ii. 138 sq.t vii. 65 sqq. , viii. 9 ; origin of, told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, vii. 35 sqq. ; instituted by Demeter, vii. 37 ; the myth of Demeter and Perse- phone acted at the, vii. 39, 66, 187 sq. ; date of the celebration of the, vii. 69 sq. ; said to be instituted by Eumolpus, vii. 70 ; great antiquity of the, vii. 78 sq. \ hope of immortality associated with initiation into the, vii. 90 sq. ; designed to promote the growth of the corn, vii. no sq. ; sacrament of barley- meal and water at the, vii. 161 sq.
Eleusinian priests, their names sacred, iii. 382 sq.
Eleusis, mysteries of, ii. 138 sq. , vii. 35 sqq. ; Demeter and the king's son at, v. 180 ; sacrifice of oxen at, v. 292 rc.8; mysteries of Demeter at, vi. 90; Demeter at, vii. 36 sq., viii. 334 ; the Rarian plain at, vii. 36, 70, 74, 234, viii. 15 ; offerings of first-fruits at, vii. 53 sqq. ; festival of the threshing-floor at, vii. 60 sqq. ; the Green Festival and the Festival of Cornstalks at, vii. 63 ; image of Demeter at, vii. 64 ; prayer for rain at, vii. 69 ; the rites of, essentially con- cerned with the cultivation of the corn, vii. 88 ; Varro on the rites of, vii. 88
Eleutherian games at Plataea, vii. 80
Elfin race averse to iron, iii. 232 sq.
Elgin, medical use of mistletoe in, xi. 84
Elgon, Mount, ix. 246 ; the Bagishu of, i. 103
Eli, the sons of, their loose conduct, v. 76
Elijah as a rain-maker, i. 258 n.3 ; patch of rye left at harvest for, vii. 233
Elipandus of Toledo, on the divinity of Christians, i. 407
Elis, titular kings at, i. 46 n. ; Dionysus hailed as a bull by the women of, vii. 17 ; the ivory shoulder of Pelops at, viii. 263 sq.
, law of, ix. 352 «.2
Elisha prophesies to music, v. 53, 54 ; finds water in the desert, v. 53, 75
Elizabeth, Queen, touches for scrofula, i. 368
Elk, a totem of the Omahas, viii. 25 ; treated with respect, viii. 240 ; em- bryos of, not eaten, viii. 243
Elk clan of the Omaha Indians, their belief as to effect of touching an elk, viii. 29 ; their sacred clam shell, x. n
Ellgoth, in Silesia, the King's Race at Whitsuntide at, ii. 84
Elliot, R. H. , on Indian indifference to death, iv. 136
Ellis, A. B., on Ewe superstition as to eating, iii. 1x6 ; on the supposed material connexion between a man
GENERAL INDEX
257
and his name, iii. 323 ; on sacred prostitution in West Africa, v. 65 sq. , 69 sq. ; on tattoo marks of priests, v. 74 n.4 ; on an ordeal of chastity, v.
US
Ellis, William, on the inspiration of priests in the Southern Pacific, i. 377 sq.\ on the observation of the Pleiades in the Society Islands, vii. 312 ; on faditras in Madagascar, ix. 33 sq. ; on Polynesian mythology, ix. 80
Ellwangen, in Wiirtemberg, the Goat at threshing at, vu. 287
Elm wood in the pile-dwellings of the Po, ii. 353 ; used to kindle need-fire, x. 299
Elopango, in Mexico, human sacrifices at, vii. 237
Eloquence, homoeopathic charms to en- sure, i. 156
Elpenor, the grave of, on the headland of Circe, ii. 188
Elves, fear of, iii. 283
Elymais, Nanaea the goddess of, i. 37 n.2
Emain, in Ireland, annual fair at, iv. 100
Macha, in Ireland, pagan cemetery
at, iv. 101
Embalming, flight and pursuit of man who opened body for purpose of, u. 309 w.a; as a means of prolonging the life of the soul, iv. 4 ; dead bodies of kings of Uganda embalmed, vi. 168
Embers of bonfires planted in fields, x. 117, 121 ; stuck in cabbage gardens, x. 174, 175; promote growth of crops, x- 337- See also Ashes and Sticks, charred
of Midsummer fires a protection
against conflagration, x. 188 ; a pro- tection against lightning, x. 190
Emblica ojfficinalis, a sacred tree in Northern India, ii. 51
Embodied evils, expulsion of, ix. 170.^.
Embodiment, human, of the corn-spirit, viii. 333
Emboq Sri, rice-bride in Java, vii. 200 sq.
Embryos of elk not eaten, viii. 243
Emesa, sun-god Heliogabalus at, v. 35
Emetic as mode of purification, iii. 175, 245 ; pretended, in auricular con- fession, iii. 214
Emetics used before eating new corn, viii. 73, 75 sq., 76, 135 ; sacred, em- ployed by the Creek Indians, viii. 74 ; as remedies for sins, ix. 263
Emily plain of Central Australia, xi. 238
Emin Pasha, on the Monbutto custom of lengthening the head, ii. 297 ».7; his reception in a village, iii. 108
Emma, widow of Ethelred and wife of Canute, ii. 282 sq.
Emmenthal, in Switzerland, superstition as to Midsummer Day in the, xi. 27 ; use of orpine at Midsummer in the, xi. 62 n.
Empedocles, his claim to divinity, i. 390 ; leaps into the crater of Etna, v. 181 ; his doctrine of transmigration, viii. 300 sqq. ', his resemblance to Buddha, viii. 302 ; his theory of the material universe like that of Herbert Spencer, viii. 303 sqq. ; as a forerunner of Darwin, viii. 306 ; his posing as a god, viii. 307
Emperor of China, funeral of an, v. 294
Emperors of China as priests, i. 47
Emu -wren, called men's "brother" among the Kurnai, xi. 215 n.1, 216, 218
Emu's flesh eaten to make cater swift- footed, viii. 145 ; fat not allowed to touch the ground, x. 13
Emus, ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 85 sq,
En, the, of Burma, worship the spirit* of hills and trees, ii. 41
En gidon, a Masai clan, i. 343
En-jemusi, the, of British East Africa, women's work among the, vii. n8
'Qvaylfrtv distinguished from 6u€tv, *. 316 n.1
Enchanters of crops, foods forbidden to, vu. 100
Encheleans or Eel-men in Illyria, iv. 84
Encounter Bay tribe of South Australia, magic practised on refuse of food by, iii. 127 ; their fear of women's blood, iii. 251 ; namesakes of the dead change their names in the, iii. 355 ; changes in their vocabulary caused by their fear of naming the dead, iii. 359 ; names of the recent dead not men- tioned in the, iii. 372 ; division of work between the sexes in the, vii. 126 ; their dread of women at men- struation, x. 76 '
Endle, Rev. S., on the fear of demons among the Kacharis, ix. 93
Endymion and the Moon, i. 18 ; set his sons to race at Olympia, ii, 299 ; the sunken sun overtaken by the moon, iv. 90 ; his tomb at Olympia, iv. 287
Enemies, mutilation of dead, viii. 271 sq.
Enemy, animal, of god originally identical with god, vii. 23, viii. 16 sq.t 31
, charms to disable an, vi. 252
Energy, the conservation of, viii. 226 ; sanctity and unclean ness, different forms of the same mysterious, x. 97 sq.
Eneti, in Washington State, rain-charm at, i. 309
Englam-Mana, a tribe of New Guinea, their mode of making fire, ii. 254
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
England, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 1 68 ; custom of anointing the weapon instead of the wound in the eastern counties of, i. 203 ; green branches and flowers on May Day in the north of, ii. 60 ; May garlands in, ii. 60 sqq. ; the May Queen in, ii. 87 ; rolling down a slope on May Day in, ii. 103 ; oak and fir in the sunken forests and peat -bogs of, ii. 351 ; acorns eaten in, ii. 356 ; mirrors covered afte/ a death in, iii. 95 ; harvest custom in, v. 237 ; the Feast of All Souls in, vi. 78 sq. ; supersti- tions as to the wren in, viii. 317 sq. ; mummer called the Straw-bear in, viii. 328 sq. ; cure for warts in, ix. 48 ; the King of the Bean in, ix. 313 ; fires kindled on the Eve of Twelfth Day in, ix. 318 ; the Festival of Fools in, ix. 336 n.1 ; the Boy Bishop in, ix- 337 s$- I belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 n.1 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 196 sqq. ; the Yule log in, x. 255 sqq. ; the need-fire in, x. 286 sqq. ; Midsummer giants in, xi. 36 sqq. ; divination by orpine at Mid- summer in, xi. 61 ; fern-seed at Mid- summer in, xi. 65 ; the north of, mistletoe used to make the dairy thrive in, xi. 85 sq. ; birth-trees in, xi. 165 ; children passed through cleft ash-trees as a cure for rupture or rickets in, xi. 168 sqq. ; oak-mistletoe in, xi. 316
English cure for whooping-cough, rheu- matism, and boils, xi. 180
— — custom of undoing locks and bolts at a death, iii. 307
kings touch for scrofula, i. 368 sqq.
— - middle class, their clinging to life, iv. 146
— superstition as to water- fairies, iii.
94 Enigmas, ceremonial use of, ix. 121 n.s.
See Riddles
'EiWwjoos (3a(rl\€V€, iv. 70 n.9 Enniskerry, near Dublin, Whit-Monday
custom observed near, ii. 103 «.3 Ennius, on Hora and Quinnus, vi. 233 Ensanzi, a forest of Central Africa, dead
Bahima kings carried to, viii. 288 Ensival, in Belgium, bonfires on the first
Sunday in Lent at, x. 108 Entellus monkey, sacrifice of an, ix.
208 sq. Entlebuch in Switzerland, expulsion of
Posterli at, ix. 214
Entraigues, hunting the wren at, viii. 321 Entrails of cattle tabooed as food, i.
119; divination by the inspection of,
i. 344; external soul in, xi. 146 sq. ,
" Entry of Osiris into the moon," vi. 130
Enylus, king of By bins, v. 15 n.
Ephesus, Artemis of, i. 7, 37 sq. , ii. 128, v. 269 ; titular kings at, i. 47 ; the Essenes or King Bees at, ii. 135 sq. ; Hecate at, v. 291 ; the priesthood of Apollo and Artemis at, vi. 243 sq. ; Demeter worshipped at, vii. 63 «.14
Ephors, Spartan, bound to observe the sky for omens every eighth year, iv. 58 sq.
Epic of Kings y Firdusi's, x. 104
Epicurus, sacrifices offered to, i. 105
Epidaurus, Aesculapius at, v. 80, ix. 47 ; Demeter worshipped at, vii. 63 «.14
Epidemic, creeping through a tunnel as a remedy for an, x. 283 sq.
Epidemics thought to be caused by incest, ii. 108 ; attributed to "evil spirits, hi. 30 ; sacrifices in times of, iv. 176 w.1 ; attributed to demons, ix. ui sqq. ; kept off by means of a plough, ix. 172 sq. ; sent away in toy chariots, ix. 193 sq.
Epilepsy, supposed cause of, iii. 83 ; attributed to possession by a demon, iii. 235 ; transferred to leaves, ix. 2 ; Highland treatment of, ix. 68 «.2 ; Roman cure for, ix. 68 ; nails used in cure for, ix. 68, 330 ; Hindoo cure for, ix. 69 n. ; cured by beating, ix. 260 ; amulet a protection against, ix. 331 ; yellow mullein a protection against, xi. 63 ; mistletoe a cure for, xi. 78, 83, 84. See also Falling sickness
Epimenides, the Cretan seer, his ramb- ling soul, iii. 50 n.2
Epinal, " killing the dog" at harvest at, vii. 272 sq. ; Lenten fires at, x. 109
Epiphany, the 6th of January, v. 305 ; part of Christmas Boar given to cattle on, vii. 302 ; annual expulsion of the powers of evil at, ix. 165 sqq. \ the King of the Bean on, ix. 313 sqq. See also Twelfth Night
Epirus, the kings of, their bones scattered by Lysimachus.vi. 104 ; the Athamanes of, vii. 129
Epitherses and the death of the Great Pan, iv. 6
Epithets applied to Demeter, vii. 63 sq.
Eponymate, the Assyrian, iv. 116 sq.
Eponymous magistrates, iv. 117 n.1
Eponyms, annual, as scapegoats, ix. 39 sqq.
Equinox, the autumnal, Egyptian festival of " the nativity of the sun's walking- stick" after the, i. 312
, the spring (vernal), festival at
Upsala at, ii. 364 ; Babylonian festival of the, iv. no; drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 2,57 ; custom of
GENERAL INDEX
259
swinging at, iv. 284 ; resurrection of Attis at, v. 273, 307 sq. ; date of the Crucifixion assigned to, v. 307 ; tradition that the world was created at, v. 307 ; human sacrifice offered soon after, vii. 239 ; festival of Cronus at, ix. 352 ; Persian marriages at, ix. 406 «.3
Equos, a Gallic month, ix. 343 n.
Erech, Babylonian city, Ishtar at, ix. 398,
399
Erechtheum, on the Acropolis of Athens, perpetual lamp of Athena in the, ii. 199 ; sacred serpent in, iv. 87, v. 87
Erechtheus or Erichthonius, and Minerva (Athena), i. 21 ; king of Athens, the Erechtheum his house, ii. 199 ; in re- lation to the sacred serpent on the Acropolis, iv. 86 sq., v. 87 ; identified with Poseidon, iv. 87; voluntary death of the daughters of, iv. 192 n.A ; his incest with his daughter, v. 44 n.1 ; the Eleusinian mysteries instituted in the reign of, vii. 70
Eregh (the ancient Cybistra) in Cappa- docia, v. 120, 122
Eresh-Kigal, Babylonian goddess, v. 9
Erfurt, harvest customs in the district of, vii. 136, 221
Ergamenes, king of Meroe, slays the priests, iv. 15
Erhaid, Professor A., on the martyrdom of St. Dasius, ii. 310 n.1
Erica-tree, Osiris in the, vi. 9, 108, 109
Erichthonius, son of the fire-god Heph- aestus, ii. 199. See Erechtheus
Erigone, her suicide by hanging, iv. 28 1 sq.
and Icarius, first-fruits of vintage
offered to, vin. 133
Erin, the king idol of, iv. 183
Eriphyle, the necklace of, v. 32 n.*
Eriskay, fairies at Hallowe'en in, x. 226 ; salt cake at Hallowe'en in, x. 238 sq.
Erithasean Apollo, sacred trees in the sanctuary of, ii. 121
Erlangen, the "carrying out of Death" in the villages near, iv. 234
Erman, Professor Adolf, on the con- fusion of magic and religion in ancient Egypt, i. 230 ; on Anubis at Abydos, vi. 1 8 ».3 ; on corn-stuffed effigies of Osiris, vi. 91 ; on the development of Egyptian religion, vi. 122 n.2
Erme or Nenneri, gardens of Adonis in Sardinia, v. 244
Errephoroi or Arrephoroi at Athens, ii. 199
Errol, the Hays of, their fate bound up with oak-mistletoe, xi. 283 sq.
Error of judging savages by European standards, iv. 197 sq.
Ertingen, in Wlirtemberg, the Lazy Man on Midsummer Day at, ii. 83 ; festival of St. George at, ii. 337
Erukhan plant (Calotropis gig&ntea}, man married to, in India, ii. 57 «.4
Eruptions of volcanoes supposed to be caused by incest, ii. 1 1 1
Erysipelas, fox's tongue a remedy for, viii. 270
Erzgebirge, Shrovetide custom in the, iv. 208 sq. \ young men and women beat each other with something green at Christmas in the, ix. 271
Esagil or Esagila, temple of Marduk at Babylon, iv. 113, ix. 356
Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, his great inscription, iv. 116
Escouvion or Scouvion, the Great and the Little, in Belgium, x. 108
Eshmun, Phoenician deity, v. in «.*
Esne, the festal calendar of, vi. 49 sq.
Esquiline Hill at Rome, its name derived from oaks, ii. 185 ; the oak groves of the, ii. 320
Esquimaux, their belief as to the sculpin and rain, i. 288 ; play cat's cradle to detain the sun, i. 316 sq. , vii. 103 n. l ; play cup-and-ball to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317; their ways of calming the wind, i. 327 sq. ; their conception of the soul, iii. 27 ; their dread of being photographed, ni. 96 ; ceremony at the reception of strangers among the, iii. 108 ; avoid dishes used by women in childbed, iii. 145 ; their ideas as to the danger- ous vapour exhaled by lying - in women, iii. 152 ; taboos observed by hunters among the Esquimaux after killing sea-beasts, iii. 205 sq. ; use of iron implements tabooed at certain times among the, iii. 228 ; taboos observed by them after a death, iii. 237 ; take new names when they are old, iii. 319 ; unwilling to tell their names, in. 328 ; namesakes of the dead among the, iii. 371 ; their belief that animals understand human speech, iii. 399 ; suicide among the, iv. 43 ; their belief as to falling stars, iv. 65 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 131 n. ; dramatic contest between Winter and Summer among the, iv. 259 ; their belief in the resurrection of seals, viii. 257 ; careful not to break bones of deer, viii. 258 «.2 ; their reluctance to let dogs gnaw the bones of animals, viii. 259 ; their superstition as to various meats, x. 13 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 55 ; ceremony of the new fire among the,
260
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
x. 134 ; their custom at eclipses, x. 162 n.
Esquimaux of Aivilik and Jglulik, magical telepathy among the, i. 121 sq.
- of Alaska, taboos observed by women in absence of whalers among the, i. 121 ; their annual festival of the dead, v. 51 sq. ; their custom at killing a fox, viii. 267 ; child's soul deposited in a bag among the, xi. 155
• of Baffin Land, boys forbidden to play cat's cradle among the, i. 113; their use of a fox in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 ; their women in mourn- ing may not mention the names of animals, iii. 399 ; their custom when a boy has killed his first seal, viii. 257 ; their expulsion of Sedna, ix. 125 sq.
•• or Inuit of Bering Strait, iii. 205 ; manslayers among the, i. 9 ; their use of magical images, i. 70 ; their annual festival of bladders, iii. 206 sq. ; drank blood of foes to acquire their bravery, viii. 150 ; their cere- mony of restoring the bladders of dead sea-beasts to the sea, viii. 247 sqq. ; unclean ness of girl at puberty among the, viii. 268 «.4 ; cut the sinews of bad dead men to prevent their ghosts from walking, viii. 272 ; their masquerades, ix. 379 sq. ; their belief as to menstruous women, x. 91
, the Central, dietary rules of, viii.
84 ; their ceremonious treatment of dead sea-beasts, viii. 246; the tug-of- war among the, ix. 174
of Hudson Bay, propitiate the spirit
who controls the reindeer, viii. 245 sq.
of Labrador, their fear of demons,
ix. 79 sq.
— of Point Barrow, Alaska, return
the bones of seals to the sea, viii. 258 «.2 ; their expulsion of the mis- chievous spirit Tuna, ix. 124 sq.
Esquimaux mourners plug their nostrils, iii. 32
Essenes or King Bees at Ephesus, i. 47 ».a, ii. 135 sq.
Essex, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 204 ; May garlands in, ii. 60 ; hunting the wren in, viii. 320
Esther, the story of, acted as a comedy at Purim, ix. 364 ; her name equiva- lent to Ishtar, Astarte, ix. 365 ; fast of, ix. 397 sq.
•• the book of, its date and purpose, ix. 360 ; its Persian colouring, ix. 362, 401 ; based on a Babylonian myth, ix. 398 ; duplication of the personages in, ix. 400 sq. ; the personages un- masked, ix. 405 sqq.
- — and Mordecai equivalent to Ishtar
and Marduk, ix, 405 ; the duplicates
of Vashti and Hainan, ix. 405 sq. Esther and Vashti, ix. 365 ; temporary
queens, ix. 401 Esthonia, the Christmas Boar in, vii.
302 ; bathing at Midsummer in, xi.
29 ; flowers gathered for divination and
magic at Midsummer in, xi. 53 sq. Esthonian belief as to the effect of seeing
women's blood, iii. 251
celebration of St. John's Day by
swings and bonfires, iv. 280
charm to make a wolf disgorge his
prey, i. 135
charms to make cabbages thrive,
i. 136 sq. '
custom of throwing aknife, hat , stick,
or stone at a whirlwind, i. 329, 330
fishermen, their use of curses for
good luck, i. 280 sq.
mode of strengthening weakly
children by means of hemp seed, vii, ii
peasants threaten cabbages to make
them grow, ii. 22 ; loth to mention wild beasts by their proper names, iii. 398 ; regulate their sowing and planting by the moon, vi. 135 ; their treatment of weevils, viii. 274
reapers slash the wind with their
sickles, i. 329 ; their belief as to pains in the back, vii. 285
Esthonians, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 211, 212; their ways of raising the wind, i. 323 ; their dread of Finnish witches and wizards, i. 325 ; their sacred trees, ii. 43 ; their worship of Metsik, a mischievous forest-spirit, ii. 55 ; their folk-tale of a tree-elf, ii. 71 sqq. \ their custom of leading a bride to the hearth, ii. 231 ; their custom of leading a bride thrice round a burning tree, ii. 234 ; St. George's Day among the, ii. 330 sqq. ; sacrifice under holy trees for the welfare of their horses, ii. 332 ; their thunder- god Taara, ii. 367 ; oak worshipped by the, ii. 367 ; their superstition as to a water-mill, iii. 232 ; refuse to taste blood, iii. 240 ; preserve their nail- parings against the day of judgment, iii. 280 ; their belief as to shooting stars, iv. 63, 66 sq. ; their custom on Shrove Tuesday, iv. 233, 252 sq. ; their celebration of St. John's Day, iv. 280 ; their ceremony at the new moon, vi. 143 ; their Christmas Boar, vii. 302 sq. ; their mode of transferring bad luck to- trees, ix. 54 ; their expulsion of the devil, ix. 173 ; Midsummer fires among the, x. 179 sq.
of Oesel, their belief as to absence
of souls from bodies, iii. 41 sq. ; call the
GENERAL INDEX
261
last sheaf the Rye-boar, vii. 298, 300;
their custom at eating new corn, viii.
51 ; cull St. John's herbs on St. John's
Day, xi. 49 Estremadura, acorns as fodder for hogs
in, ii. 356 Etatin, on the Cross River, in Southern
Nigeria, the chief as fetish-man at, i.
349 Eteobutads as umbrella-bearers at the
festival of Scira, x. 20 n. 1 Eteocles and Polynices, their grave at
Thebes, ii. 33 Eternal life, initiates born again to, in
the rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 274^. Etesian winds, v. 35 n.1 Ethelbald, king of the West Saxons,
marries his stepmother, ii. 283 Ethelbert, king of Kent, ii. 283 Ethelwulf, king of the West Saxons, ii. 283 Ethical evolution, iii. 218 sq. precepts developed out of savage
taboos, iii. 214 Ethiopia, priestly kings in, iii. 1 3 ; shut
up in their palace, iii. 124 ; chosen for
their beauty, iv. 38 sq. Ethiopian kings of Meroe put to death,
iv. 15, 38 Ethiopians, succession to the kingdom
among the, ii. 296 sq. Etiquette at courts of baibarian kings,
iv. 39 sq. Etna, Mount, Typhon buried under, v.
156, 157 ; the death of Empedocles
on, v. 181 ; the ashes of, v. 194 ;
offerings thrown into the craters of,
v. 221 ; Demeter said to have lit her
torches at the craters of, vii. 57 Eton, Midsummer fires at, x. 197 Eton College, Boy Bishop at, ix. 338 Etruria, funeral games at Agylla in, iv.
95 ; actors fetched from, to Rome in
time of plague, ix. 65 Etruscan crown, ii. 175 n.1
letters, ii. 186, 186 «.4
wizards, i. 310
Etruscans, female kinship among the, ii.
286 sqt ; their alleged Lydian descent,
ii. 287 ; their ceremony at founding
cities, iv. 157 Etymology, its uncertainty as a base for
mythological theories, viii. 41 n. Euboea subject to earthquakes, v. 211 ;
date of threshing in, v. 232 n. ; harvest
custom in, v. 238 Eubuleus, legendary swineherd, brother
of Triptolemus, viii 10 Eubulus, sacrifices offered to, at Eleusis,
vii. 56
Eucharist partaken of by Catholics fast- ing, viii. 83 Eudanemi at Athens, i. 325 n.1
Eudoxus of Cnidus, Greek astronomer, on the Egyptian festivals, vi. 35 «.2; corrections of the Greek calendar per- haps due to, vii. 81 ; on the utility of the pig in ancient Egypt, viii. 30
Euhemerism, a theory of mythology, ix. 385
Kuhemerists, ix. 385
Eukleia, epithet of Artemis, i. 37 n.1
Eumolpids direct the sacrifices of first- fruits, vii. 56
Eumolpus, prince of Eleusis, vii. 37 ; said to have founded the Eleusiman mysteries, vii. 70 ; founder of priestly Eleusinian family, vii. 73
Eunuch priests of Ephesian Artemis, 1. 38 ; of the Mother Goddess, v. 206 ; in the service of Asiatic goddesses of fertility, v. 269 sq. ; in various lands, v.
270 «.2; of Attis tattooed with pattern of ivy, v.*278 ; of Cybele, vi. 258
Eunuchs, dances of, v. 270 #.2, 271 n. \ dedicated to a goddess in India, v.
271 n. ; sacred, at Hierapolis-Bam- byce, their rule as to the pollution of death, vi. 272 ; perform a ceremony for the fertility of the fields, x. 340
Euphemisms employed for certain animals, iii. 397 sqq. ; for smallpox, iii. 400, 410, 411,' 416
Euphorbia antiquorum, cactus, hung at door of house where there is a lying-in woman, iii. 155
lathyris, caper-spurge, sometimes
identified with the mythical spring- wort, xi. 69
Euphorbus the Trojan, the soul of Pythagoras in, viii. 300
Euphorion of Chalcis, Greek writer, on Roman indifference to death, iv. 143, 144
Euripides, the Hippolytus of, i. 25 ; on Artemis as a midwife, i. 37 ; on the dragon at Delphi, iv. 79 ; on the death of Pentheus, vi. 98 n.6 ; his account of Aegisthus pelting the tomb of Aga- memnon with stones, ix. 19 ; his play on Me\eager, xi. 103 ».a
Europa, a personification of the moon conceived as a cow, ii. 88 ; and Zeus, iv. 73 ; her wanderings, iv. 89
Europe, dancing or leaping high as a homoeopathic charm to make crops grow high in, i. 137 ; the Hand of Glory in, i. 148 sq. ; belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 ; treatment of the navel-string and afterbirth in, i. 198^^. ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 sq. ; confusion of magic and religion in modern, i. 231-233 ; the belief in magic in modern, i. 235 sq. ; forests of ancient, ii. 7 sq. ; the May-
262
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
tree or May-pole as an instrument of fertility in, ii 51 sq. ; relics of tree- wor- ship in modern, ii. 59 sqq. ; Midsummer festival in, ii. 272 sq. \ diffusion of the oak in, ii. 349 sqq. \ peat-bogs of, ii. 350 sqq. ; the lake-dwellings of, ii. 352 sq. ; fear of having one's likeness taken in, lii. 100 ; spitting as a charm in, iii. 279 ; belief as to consummation of marriage being impeded by knots and locks in, iii. 299 ; beliefs as to shooting stars in, iv. 66 sqq. ; fear of death in, iv. 135 sq. , 146 ; custom of showing money to the new moon in, vi. 148 sq. ; barley and wheat cultivated in prehistoric, vii. 79; trans- ference of evil in, ix. 47 sqq. ; faith in magic and witchcraft in Christian, ix. 89 ; annual expulsion of demons and witches in, ix. 155 sqq. ; annual ex- pulsion of evils in, ix. 207 sq. ; folk- custom of "carrying out Death" in, ix. 227 sq. ; masquerades in modern, ix. 251 sq. \ superstitions as to men- struous women in, x. 96 sq. ; the fire- festivals of, x. 1 06 sqq. ; great dread of witchcraft in, xi. 342 ; birth-trees in, xi. 165 ; belief in, that strength of witches and wizards is in their hair, xi. 158
Europe, Eastern, great popular festival of herdsmen and shepherds on St. George's Day in, ii. 330
, Eastern and Central, custom of
beating people and cattle in spring in, ix. 266
, mediaeval, belief in demons in, ix.
105 sq. ; human scapegoats in, ix. 214
, Northern, human sacrifices in, iv.
214 ; Corn-mother and Corn-maiden
in, vii. 131 sqq.
— — - South-Eastern, rain-making cere- monies in, i. 272 sqq. ; superstitions as to shadows in, iii. 89 sq.
European custom as to green bushes on May Day, ii. 56
" processions of animals or of men disguised as animals, viii. 325
— — rule that children's nails should not be paired, iii. 262 sq.
Euros, magical ceremony for the multi- plication of, i. 89 ; homoeopathic charm to catch, i. 162
Eurydice, Orpheus and, xi. 294
Eurylochus rids Aegina of a snake, iv. 87 «.6
Eusebius on sacred prostitution, i. 30 «.8, v. 37 »-'2. 73 n.1
Euyuk in Cappadocia, Hittite palace at, v. 123, 132, 133 n. ; bull worshipped at, v. 164
Evadne and Capaneus, v. 177 «.8
Evans, D. Silvan, on the sin-eater in
Wales, ix. 44 Evans, Sebastian, as to a passage in the
History of tke Holy Graal, iv. 122 n.1 Eve and Adam, Mr. W. R. Paton's
theory of, ix. 259 «.3 Eve, Christmas, the fern blooms on, xi.
66 , Easter, in Albania, iv. 265 ; the
fern blooms on, xi. 66 , Fingan, in the Isle of Man, x. 266
of St, John (Midsummer Eve),
Russian ceremony on, iv. 262
of Samhain (Hallowe'en) in Ireland,
x. 139. See also Christmas Eve, Easter Eve, St. John's Eve, etc.
Evelyn, John, on Charles II. touching for scrofula, i. 369
Evening Star, Keats' s sonnet to the, i. 166 ; the goddess of the, ix. 369 n.1
Everek (Caesarea), in Asia Minor, creep- ing through a rifted rock at, xi. 189
Evergreen oak, the Golden Bough grew on, ii. 379
trees in Italy, i. 8
Evessen, in Brunswick, toothache nailed into a tree at, ix. 59 sq.
Evil, the transference of, ix. i sqq. ; transferred to other people, ix. 5 sqq. , 47 sqq. ; transferred to sticks and stones, ix. 8 sqq. ; transferred to animals, ix. 31 sqq. , 49 sqq. ; trans- ferred to men, ix. 38 sqq. ; trans- ference of, in Europe, ix. 47 sqq. ; transferred to inanimate objects, ix. 53 sq. ; transferred to trees or bushes, ix. 54 sqq. See also Evils
Evil Eye, bad names a protection against the, i. 280; dreaded at eating, iii. 116 sq. ; boys dressed as girls to avert the, vi. 260 ; bridegroom disfigured in order to avert the, vi. 261 ; disguises to avert the, vi. 262 ; preservatives against the, viii. 326 n.3 ; rain-water mixed with tar, a protection against the, x. 17. See also Eye, the Evil
spirit, mode of cure for possession
by an, xi. 186
spirits transferred from men to
animals, ix. 31 ; banishment of, ix. 86 ; driven away at the New Year, x. 134 sq. ; kept off by fire, x. 282, 285 sq. ; St. John's herbs a protection against, xi. 49 ; kept off by flowers gathered at Midsummer, xi. 53 sq. ; creeping through cleft trees to escape the pursuit of, xi. 173 sqq. See also Demons
Evil-Merodach, Babylonian king, ix.
367 «.2 Evils transferred to trees, ix. 54 sqq. ;
nailed into trees, walls, etc., ix. S9
GENERAL INDEX
263
$gq. ; public expulsion of, ix. 109
sqq., 185 sqq. , periodic expulsion of, ix. 123 sqq., 198 sqq. ; expulsion of embodied, ix. 170 sqq. ; expulsion of, in a mateiial vehicle, ix. 185 sqq. ; expulsion of, timed to coincide with some well-marked change of season, ix. 224 sq. See also Expulsion
Evolution of kings out of magicians or medicine-men, i. 420 sq. ; industrial, from uniformity to diversity of function, i. 421 ; political, from democracy to despotism, i. 421 ; ethical, iii. 218 sq. ; religious, powerful influence of the fear of the dead on the course of, viii. 36 sq.
and dissolution, viii. 305 sq.
Ewe, white -footed, as scapegoat, ix. 192 sq. See also Ewes
Ewe farmers fear to wound the Earth goddess, v. 90
hunters, their contagious magic of
footprints, i. 212 ; of Togo-land, their ceremony after killing an antelope, viu. 244
• negroes, their festival of new yams,
viii. 58 sqq. ; their belief as to the spirit- land, vni. 105 sq. ; their ceremonies after killing leopards, viii. 228 sqq. ; feed their nets, viii. 240 n.1 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 82
. negroes of Guinea worship falling stars, iv. 61 sq.
negroes of the Slave Coast, their
charm to catch a runaway slave, i. 317; their reverence for silk -cotton trees, ii. 15 ; human wives of gods among the, ii. 149 ; taboos observed by their kings, iii. 9 ; their belief as to spirits entering the body through the mouth, iii. 116 ; their kings not to be seen eating or drinking, iii. 119; penance for killing a python among the, iii. 222 ; a mother's vow among the, iii. 263 ; their belief that a man can be injured thiough his name, hi, 323 ; rebirth of ancestors among the, iii. 369 ; sacred prostitution among the, v. 65 sq. ; worship pythons, v. 83 n.l\ their conception of the rain -god as a horseman, viu. 45 ; their belief in demons, ix. 74 sqq.
— negroes of Togo-land, their festival in honour of Earth, iii. 247 ; reincar- nation of the dead among the, iii. 369 ; their belief in the marriage of Sky with Earth, v. 282 #.2 ; their use of clay images as substitutes to save the lives of people, viii. 105 sq. ; their worship of the Earth, viii. 115 ; their worship of goddess Mawu Sodza, viii. 115; their propitiation of slain leopards, wild buffaloes, etc. , viii. 228 sqq.
Ewe-speaking negroes deem the heart the seat of courage and intellect, viii. 149
speaking people of West Africa,
their contagious magic of footpiints, i. 210 ; eat elephant's flesh to become strong, vni. 143
Ewes and rams, the time for coupling, ii. 328, 328 n.4
Exaggerations of anthropological theories, i- 333
Exchange of wives at appearance of the Aurora Australis, iv. 267 «.1 ; of dress between men and women in rites, vi. 259 n.3 ; of dress at marriage, vi. 260 sqq. ; of dress at circumcision, vi. 263
Exclusion of strangers, iii. 108 sq., vii.
94. I" Excommunication of human scapegoat,
ix. 254 Excuses offered by savages to the animals
they kill, viii. 222 sqq. Execution, peculiar modes of, for mem- bers of royal families, iii. 241 sqq. ;
Roman mode of, iv. 144 ; by stoning,
ix. 24 «.2 Executioners, their precautions against
the ghosts of their victims, iii. 171 sq. ;
seclusion and scarification of, iii. i8osi/. ;
taste the blood of their victims, viii. 155 Exeter, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 Exile of gods for perjury, iv. 70 n.1 Exodus (xiii. i sq. , 12, xxii. 29 sq. ,
xxxiv. 19), on the sanctification of the
first-born, iv. 172 Exogamous clans in the Pelew Islands,
vi. 204 classes in Duke of York Island, ai.
248 n.
Exogamy, ii. 271, iv. 130 Exorcising harmful influence of strangers,
iii. 1 02 sqq. Exorcism of demons of sickness, iii.
105 sq. ; of ghosts after a funeral, iii.
1 06 sq. ; of demons by devil dancers, iv. 216 ; by means of music, v. 54 JY/. ; of devils in Morocco, ix. 63 ; of demons in China, ix. 99 ; annual, of the evil spirit in Japan, ix. 143 sq. \ of spirits at sowing the seed, ix. 235 ; Nicobarese ceremony of, ix. 262 ; of evil spirits at a funeral ceremony, x. 5 ; and ordeals, x. 66 ; at Easter, x. 123 ; of vermin with torches, x. 340 ; use of St. John's wort in, xi. 55 ; use of mugwort in, xi. 60 ; by vervain, xi. 62 w.4. See also Demons and Ex- pulsion
Exorcists, ix. 2 sq. , 33
Expiation by means of blood for sexual crimes, ii. 107 sqq. ; for adultery or fornication, ii. 109 sq. ; for incest, ii.
204
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
no 5^. ,115, 116, 129; for violating the sanctity of a grove, ii. 122; for hear- ing thunder, hi. 14 ; for contact with a sacred chief, iii. 133 sq. ; for miscar- riage in childbed, in. 153 sqq. ; for bringing an iron tool into the grove of the Arval Brothers, iii. 226 ; for killing sacred animals, iv. 216 sq. \ for suicide by hanging, iv. 282 ; for homicide, v. 299 «.a; Roman, for prodigies, vi. 244 ; for the defilement of the Eleusinian plain, vii. 74 ; for agricultural operations, vii. 228 ; for sin, ix. 39. See also Atonement and Purification
Expiatory sacrifices, Greek ritual of, viii. 27
Expulsion of evils, ix. 109 sqq. ; the direct or immediate and the indirect or mediate, ix. 109, 224 ; occasional, ix. 109 sqq. , 185 sqq. ; periodic, ix. 123 sqq. , 198 sqq. ; annual, of demons and witches in Europe, ix. 155 sqq. , x. 135 ; of Trows in Shetland, ix. 168 sq. ; of embodied evils, ix. 170 sqq. ; of evils in a material vehicle, ix. 185 sqq. ; of evils timed to coincide with some well-marked change of season, ix.
224 sq. ; of devils timed to coincide with seasons of agricultural year, ix.
225 ; of hunger at Chaeronea, ix. 252 ; of winter, ceremony of the, ix. 404 sq.
External soul in afterbirth or navel-string, i. 200 sq. ; in folk-tales, xi. 95 sqq. ; in folk-custom, xi. 153 sqq. ; in inani- mate things, xi, 153 sqq. ; in plants, xi. 159 sqq. ; in animals, xi. 196 sqq. \ kept in totem, xi. 220 sqq. See also Souls, external
Extinction of fires on chiefs death, ii. 217 ; in village or parish before the making of " living fire " or need-fire, ii. 237, 238 ; at king's death, ii. 261 sqq. , 267 ; in houses after any death, ii. 267 sq. ; annual, of the sacred fire at Rome, ii. 267 ; of common fires before the kindling of the need-fire, x. 271, 272, 273, 274, 275, 276, 277 sq. , 279, 283, 285, 288, 289, 2895^., 291, 291 sq. , 292, 294, 297, 298 sq. ; of fires after tree has been kindled by lightning, xi. 297 sq.
Extinguishing fire, power of, ascribed to priests, i. 231, and to chaste women, ii. 240 n.'2
Eye as a symbol of Osiris, vi. 121 ; of sacrificial ox cut out, vi. 251 sq. See also Eyes
, the Evil, precautions against the, at meals, iii. 116 sq. ; boys dressed as girls to avert the, vi. 260 ; bride- groom disfigured in order to avert, vi.
261 ; cast on cattle, x. 302, 303 ; oleander a remedy for sickness caused by, xi. 51. See also Evil Eye
Eye of Horus, vi. 17, 121, with «.8
ICyelashes offered to the sun, {.318
Eyeo, kings of, put to death, iv. 40 sq.
Eyeos, the, not allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9
Eyes smeared with eagle's gall to make them sharp-sighted, i. 154 ; shut at prayer, viii. 8 1 ; of owl eaten to make eater see in dark, viii. 144 sq. ; of men eaten, viii. 153 ; of falcon used to im- part sharpness of sight, viii. 164 ; of slaughtered animals cut out, viii. 267 sqq., 271 ; of dead enemies gouged out, viii. 271 sq. ; looking through flowers at the Midsummer fire thought to be good for the, x. 162, 163, 165 sq. , 171, 174^., 344; ashes or smoke of Midsummer fire supposed to benefit the, x. 214 sq. ; sore, attributed to witchcraft, x. 344 ; mugwort a pro- tection against sore, xi. 59 ; of newly initiated lads closed, xi. 241
of the dead, Egyptian ceremony of
opening the, vi. 15
Eyre, E. J., on menstruous women in Australia, x. 77
Ezekiel ( viii. 10- 1 2 ) , on idolatrous practices of the Israelites, i. B?n.1; (xxxii. 18-32), H. Gunkel's interpretation of, i. 101 «.2; (xiii. ij sqq.), the hunting of souls in, iii. 77 n.1 ; (xvi. 20 sq.t xx. 25, 26, 31), on the burnt sacrifice of children, iv. 169 «.8; (xx. 25, 26, 31), on the sacrifice of the first-born, iv. 171 sq. ; (viii. 14), on the mourning for Tammuz, v. ii, 17, 20; (xxiii. 5 sq., 12), on the Assyrian cavalry, v. 25 ».8; (xxviii. 14, 16), on the king of Tyre, v. 114
E-zida, the temple of Nabu in Borsippa, iv. no
Face of sleeper not to be painted or dis- figured, lest his absent soul should not recognize his body, iii. 41 ; of human scapegoat painted half white half black, ix. 220
Faces veiled to avert evil influences, iii. 1 20 sqq. ; of warriors blackened, iii. 163 ; of manslayers blackened, iii. 169 ; of bear-hunters blackened, vii. 291, 299; blackened, vii. 302, viii. 321, 332, ix. 247, 314, 330; of bear- hunters painted red and black, viii. 226 ; of priests at exorcism reddened with paint and blood, ix. 189
Faditras among the Malagasy, ix. 33 sf.
Fady, taboo, iii. 327, viii. 46
41 Faery dairts " thought to kill cattle, x. 303
GENERAL INDEX
265
Fafnir, the dragon, slain by Sigurd, iii.
324, via. 146 Failles, bonfires on the first Sunday in
Lent, x. in n.1 Fair, great, at Uisnech in County Meath,
x. 158. See also Fairs Fairies thought to be in eddies of wind, i.
329 ; averse to iron, iii. 229, 232 sq. \ let loose at Hallowe'en, x. 224 sqq. ; carry off men's wives, x. 227 ; at Hallowe'en, dancing with the, x. 227 ; thought to kill cattle by their darts, x. 303 ; active on Hallowe'en and May Day, xi. 184 n.*, 185
Fairs of ancient Ireland, iv. 99 sqq. Fairy Banner, Macleod's, i. 368
changelings, x. 151 n. ; mistletoe
a protection against, xi. 283
Faiths of the world, the great, their little influence on common men, ix. 89
Falcon stone, at Errol, in Perthshire, xi. 283
Falcon's eyes used to impart sharpness of sight, viii. 164
Falerii, Juno at, ii. 190 «.2
Faleshas, a Jewish sect of Abyssinia, re- move the vein from the thighs of slaughtered animals, viii. 266 n.1
Falkenauer district of Bohemia, custom at threshing in the, vii. 149
Falkenstein chapel of St. Wolfgang, creeping through a rifted rock near the, xi. 189
Fallacy of magic not easily detected, i. 242 sq. \ gradually detected, i. 372
Falling sickness transferred to fowl, ix. 52 sq. ; nails used in cure for, ix. 68,
330 ; mistletoe a remedy for, xi. 83, 84. See also Epilepsy
star as totem, iv. 61
stars, superstitions as to, iv. 58 sqq. \
associated with the souls of the dead,
iv. 64 sqq. Fallow, thrice -ploughed, vii. 66, 69;
lands allowed to lie, vii. 117, 123 False Bride, custom of the, vi. 262 n.2
graves and corpses to deceive
demons, viii. 98 sqq.
Falstaff, the death of, i. 168
Famenne in Namur, Lenten fires in, x.
108 Familiar spirits of wizards in boars, xi.
196 sq. Families, royal, kings chosen from
several, ii. 292 sqq. Famine attributed to the anger of ghosts,
iv. 103 Fan country, West Africa, custom of
throwing branches on heaps in the, ix.
30 ».2 negro, his belief as to the effect of
seeing women's blood, iii. 251 VOL. XII .
Fan tribe of West Africa, chiefs as medicine-men in the, i. 349. See also Fans
Fangola, a potent idol in Nias, viii. 102, 103
Fanning away ill luck, vii. 10
Fans of the French Congo, birth-trees among the, xi. 161
of the Gaboon, their theory of the
external soul, xi. 200 sqq., 226 w.1 ; guardian spirits acquired in dreams among the, xi. 257
of West Africa, esteem the smith's
craft sacred, i. 349 ; their rule as to eating tortoises, viii. 140 ; their custom of adding to heaps of leafy branches, ix. 30 «.2 ; custom at end of mourning among the, xi. 18
Fans in homoeopathic magic, i. 130 sq,
Fantee country, succession of slaves to the kingship in the, ii. 275
Faosa, a Malagasy month, vii. 9
Farghana, ram- producing well in, i. 301
Farinaceous deities, viii. 169
Farmer, calendar of the Egyptian, vi. 30 sqq. ; saturnine temperament of the, vi. 218
Farmer's wife, ceremony performed by her to promote the rice-crop, ii. 104 ; pretence of threshing, vii. 149 sq.
Farmers, propitiation of vermin by, viii. 274 sqq.
Farnell, Dr. L. R. , on Artemis as the patroness of childbirth, i. 36^. ; on Plautus, Casino, (ii. 5, 23-29), ii. 379 «.° ; on Greek religious music, v. 55 ns.1 and 8 ; on religious prostitution in Western Asia, v. 57 n.\ 58 «.2; on the position of women in ancient re- ligion, vi. 212 n.1 ; on the Flamen Dialis, vi. 227 ; on the children of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 sq. ; on the festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, vi. 242 n. \ on eunuch priests of Cybele, vi. 258 n.1 ; on Thracian origin of Dionysus, Vii. 3 n.1 ; on the biennial period of certain Greek festivals, vii. 15 n. ; on the resemblance of the artistic types of Demeter and Persephone, vii. 68 n.1 ; on Pan, viii.
2«.9
Farwardajan, a Persian festival of the dead, vi. 68
Fashoda, the capital of the Shilluk kings, iv. 18, 19, 21, 24
Faslane, on the Gareloch, Dumbarton- shire, last standing corn called the Head or Maidenhead at, vii. 158, 268
Fast from bread in mourning for Attis,
v. 272 ; in the Eleusinian mysteries,
vii. 38 ; before eating new fruits, viii.
73 *$• • 7& *?• J before the festival of the
S
266
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Mexican goddess of Maize, ix. 291 sq. ; from flesh, eggs, and grease at sowing, ix. 347 n.4 ; at puberty, xi. 222 n* See also Fasts and Fasting
•'Fast of Esther" before Punm, ix. 397 ty.
Fasting obligatory on woman during absenceof her husband at whale-fishery, i. 121 ; as a means of ensuring success in hunting, i. 121, 124 ; obligatory on women during the absence of warriois, i. 131 ; obligatory on all people left in camp during absence of warriors, in. 157 «.a; rigorous, of warriors before going to war, iii. 161 ; of warriors as a preparation for attack- ing the enemy, in. 162 ; of executioner after discharging his office, iii. 180 ; of warriors after killing enemies, iii. 182, 183 ; of eagle - hunters before trapping eagles, ni. 199 ; of Catholics before partaking of the Eucharist, vm. 83 ; of men and women at a dancing festival, x. 8 sqq. ; of girls at puberty, *• 56* 57, 58, 59, 60, 61, 66 ; of women at menstruation, x. 93, 94 ; as preparation for gathering magical plants, xi. 45, 55 «.1, 58
— and continence observed by parents ol twins, i. 266; by Blackfoot priest, iii. 159 n. ; as preparation for office among the Peruvian Indians, in. 159 n.\ of Indian warriors as preparation for war, iii. 163; of whalers before whaling, iii. 191 ; of hunters before hunting, iii. 198 ; before ploughing and sowing, vm. 14, 15
Fastnachtsbar, viii. 325
Fasts imposed on heirs to thrones in South America, x. 19 ; rules observed by Indians of Costa Rica during, x. 20
— observed by the worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 ; of Isis and Cybele, v. 302 n.* See also P'ast and Fasting
Fat, anointing the body with, from superstitious motives, viii. 162 sg. , 164, 165 ; of emu not allowed to touch the ground, x. 13; of crocodiles and snakes as unguent, x. 14
Fate of the king's life annually determined at a festival, ix. 356, 357
Father, reborn in his son, iv. 188 sqq. , 287 (288 in Second Impression) ; funeral rites performed for a, in the fifth month of his wife's pregnancy, iv. 189 ; named after his son, v. 51 «.4 ; of a god, v. 51, 52 ; dead, worshipped, vi. 175, 184 sq. ; the head of the family under a system of mother-kin, vi. 211
•• and child, supposed danger of resemblance between, iii. 88 sq. , iv. 287 (288 m Second Impression)
Father of Heaven, title of the Esthonian thunder-god, n. 367
and mother, their names not to be
mentioned, iii. 337, 341 ; names for, v. 281 ; as epithets of Roman gods and goddesses, vi. 233 sqq.
, Mother, and Son divinities repre- sented at Boghaz-Keui, v. 140 sqq.
Father-deity of the Hittites, the god of the thundering sky, v. 134 sqq.
God succeeded by his divine son,
iv. 5; his emblem the bull, v. 164; Attis as the, v. 281 sqq. ; often less important than Mother Goddess, v. 282
-in-law, his name not to be pro- nounced by his daughter-in-law, iii. 335 W-» 343. 345. 346 ; by his son- in-law, iii. 338, 339, 340, 341, 342,
343. 344
Jove and Mother Vesta, ii. 227 sqq.
kin at Rome, v. 41
May, leaf-clad mummer, ii. 75, 79
Sky fertilizes Mother Earth, v. 282
Fatheihood of God, the physical, v. 80
sq. Fathers named after their children, iii.
33i sqq., 339 Fatigue transferred to leaves, stones, or
sticks, ix. 8 sqq. ; let out with bloo-i,
ix. 12
of the Horse, vii. 294. See also
Weariness
Fattening-house for girls in Calabar, xi.
259
Fattest men chosen kings, ii. 297 Fauna, rustic Roman goddess, her re- lationship to Faunus, vi. 234 Fauns, rustic Italian gods, in relation to
goats, viii. i tqq. Faunus, old Roman god, consultation of,
iii. 314; his relationship to Fauna or
the Good Goddess, vi. 234 Fawckner, Captain James, on the annual
expulsion of demons in Benin, ix.
131 sq. Fazoql or Fazolglou, on the Blue Nile,
kings of, put to death, iv. 16 Fear as a source of religion, ix. 93 ; the
source of the worship of the dead, ix. 98
of having a likeness taken, iii.
96 sqq. ; of spirits, taboo on common words based on a^ iii. 416 sqq. ; of death entertained by the European races, iv. 135 sq. , 146; of the dead one of the most powerful factors in religious evolution, viii. 36 sq.
Feast. See also Festival
of All Saints on November ist,
perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, vi. 82 sq. ; insti- tuted by Lewis the Pious, vi. 83
GENERAL INDEX
267
Feast of All Souls, vi. 51 sqq., x. 223 sq.t 225 «.8; the Christian, originally a pagan festival of the dead, vi. 81
of Fire at winter solstice, iv. 215
of Florus and Laurus on August
i8th, x. 220
of the Golden Flower at Sardes, v.
187 , the Great, in Morocco, ix. 180,
182, 265
of Lanterns in Japan, vi. 65, ix.
151 sg.
of the Nativity of the Virgin, x.
220 sg.
of Yams, iii. 123
Feathers worn by manslayers, iii. 180 ; red, of a parrot worn as a protection
against a ghost, in. 186 n.1 ; of cock
mixed with seed -corn, vii. 278 ; of
wren, virtue attributed to, viii. 319 February, annual expulsion of demons
in, ix. 148
the ist, St. Bride's Day, ii. 94 sq.
the 2nd, Candlemas, ii. 94«.a
the 22nd, St. Peter's Day, vii.
300 the 24th, the Flight of the King of
the Sacred Rites on, ii. 308 sq.
and March, the season of the
spring sowing in Italy, ix. 346
Fechenots, fechenottes, Valentines, x. no
" Feeding the dead," iv. 102 ; in Cerarn, viii. 123
Feet, homoeopathic charm to strengthen the, i. 151 ; washed, ceremony at re- ception of strangers, iii. 108 ; not to wet the, iii. 159 ; bare in certain magical arid religious ceremonies, iii. 310 sq. See also Foot
•— of enemies eaten, viii. 151
first, children born, superstition as
to, i. 266 ; custom observed at their graves, v. 93 ; sticks or grass piled on their graves, ix. 18 ; curative power attributed to children so born, x. 295
Fehrle, E., as to the chastity of the Vestals, ii. 199 n.&
Feilenhof, in East Prussia, wolf as corn- spirit at, vii. 272
Felkin, Dr. R. W. , on the sacrament of a lamb among the Madi or Moru of Central Africa, viii. 314 sq.
, Dr. R. W., and C. T. Wilson,
on the worship of the dead kings of Uganda, vi. 173 n.z
Fellows, Ch. , on flowers in Caria, v. 187 «.8
Feloupes of Senegambia, curse their fetishes in drought, i. 297
Female descent of the kingship in Rome, ii. 270 sqq. ; in Africa, ii. 274 sqq. \ in Greece, ii. 277 sq. ; in Scandinavia, ii.
279 sq. ; in Lydia, ii. 281 sq. ; among Danes and Saxons, ii. 282 sq.
Female kinship or mother-kin defined, ii. 271 ; rule of descent of the throne under, ii. 271, vi. 18 ; indifference to paternity of kings under, ii. 274 sqq. ; at Athens, ii. 277 ; indiffeience to paternity in general under, ii. 282 ; among the Aryans, ii. 283 sqq. Set also Mother-kin
slaves, licence accorded to them on
the Nonae Caprotinae, ii. 313 sq.
Femgericht in Westphalia, ii. 321
Feminine weakness, infection of, dreaded by savages, ni. 164 sq., 202 sq.
Fen-hall, Frigga weeping in, x. 102
Feng, king of Denmark, married the widow of his predecessor, ii. 281
and Wiglet, ii. 281, 283
Fennel, fire carried in giant, ii. 260
Fenua, placenta, among the Maoris, i.'iSa
Ferghana, a province of Turkestan, com- bats between champions at the New Year in, ix. 184
Feriae Latinae, iv. 283
Ferintosh district, in Scotland, dancing with the fairies in, x. 227
Fern growing on a tree, in a popular remedy, x. 17 ; the male (Aspidium Jilix mas), a protection against witch- craft, xi. 66 ; blooms on Christmas Eve, Easter Eve, and St. John's Day, xi. 66 ; the root detects and foils sorcerers, xi. 66 sq.
owl or goatsucker, sex totem of
women in Victoria, xi. 217
seed gathered on Midsummer Eve,
magical properties ascribed to, xi. 65 sqq. ; blooms on Midsummer Eve, xi. 287 ; reveals treasures in the earth, xi. 287 sqq. ; blooms on Christmas Night, xi. 288 sq. ;. brought by Satan on Christmas Night, xi. 289 ; gathered at the solstices, Midsummer Eve and Christmas, xi. 290 sq. ; procured by shooting at the sun on Midsummer Day, xi. 291 ; blooms at Easter, xi. 292 n.2
Fernando Po, taboos observed by kings of, iii. 8 sq.t 115, 123, 291 ; thecobra- capella worshipped in, viii. 174
Feronia, Italian goddess, her sanctuary at Soracte, iv. 186 «.4, xi. 14
Ferrara, synod of, denounces practice cf gathering fern-seed, xi. 66 n.
Ferrers, George, a Lord of Misrule, ix. 332
Ferret, in homoeopathic magic, i. 150
Fertilization of women by a rattle, i. 347 ; of women by the wild fig-tree, ii. 316 ; of women by the wild banana- tree, ii. 318 ; of u omen by mummers,
268
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
ix. 249 ; of barren women by striking them with stick which has been used to separate pairing dogs, ix. 264 ; of mango trees, ceremony for the, x. 10 ; of fields with ashes of Midsummer fires, x. 170. See also Conception, Impregnation
Fertilization, artificial, of the date palm, ii. 24 sq. , ix. 272 sq. \ of fig-trees, ii. 314 sq., vi. 98, ix. 257, 258, 259, 272 sq.
Fertilizing influence of the corn-spirit, vii. 168
— — power ascribed to the effigy of Death, iv. 250 sq.
virtue attributed to trees, ii. 49 sqq. ,
316 sqq. ; attributed to sticks which have separated pairing dogs, ix. 264
Fertility, Artemis the embodiment of, i. 35 ; Asiatic goddesses of, i. 37 ; the coco-nut regarded as an emblem of, ii. 51 ; Diana as a goddess of, ii. 1 20 sqq. ; the thunder -god con- ceived as a deity of fertility, ii. 368 sqq, ; goddess of, served by eunuch priests, v. 269 sq. ; Osiris as god of, vi. 112 sq. ; supposed to be procured through masked dances, ix. 382
— — — of the ground, thought to be promoted by prostitution, v. 39 ; promoted by marriage of women to serpent, v. 67 ; ceremonies to ensure the, viii. 332 sqq. ; magical ceremony to promote the, ix. 177 ; processions with lighted torches to ensure the, x. 233 sq. ; supposed to depend on the number of human beings sacrificed, xi. 32, 33, 42 sq.
— of women, magical images designed to ensure the, i. 70 sqq. ; magical cere- monies to ensure the, x. 23 sq., 31
Ferula communis, L. , giant fennel, its
stalks used to carry fire, ii. 260, 260 n. l Festival. See also Feast
of All Souls, iv. 98
of the Assumption of the Virgin,
August isth, i. 14, 16 of " the awakening of Hercules " at
Tyre, v. m of bladders among the Esquimaux,
viii. 247 sqq. of the cold food in China, shifted in
the calendar, x. 137
— of the Cornstalks at Eleusis, vii. 63 " of the Cross on ist August, x. 220
— of the Crowning at Delphi, iv. 78 sq.t vi. 241
of the Dead, x. 223 sq., 225 sq. ;
among the Hurons, iii. 367 ; among
the Esquimaux, iii. 371 ; in Java,
v. 220. See also Dead of Departed Spirits hi Sarawak, ix.
IS4
' ' Festival of dreams " among the Iro-
quois, ix. 127 of the Flaying of Men, Mexican, ix.
296 sqq.
of Flowers (Anthesleria], v. 234 sq.
of Fools in France, ix. 334 sqq. ; in
Germany, Bohemia, and England, ix.
336 n.1
of the Innocents, ix. 336 sqq.
of Joy (Hilaria) in the rites of Attis,
v. 273
of lamps, Hindoo, ix. 145
of the Laurel-bearing at Thebes,
iv. 78 sq. , 88 sq. of Mascal or the Cross in Abyssinia,
ix. 133 sq.
of the Matronalia, ix. 346
of New Fire, viii. 135
before Ploughing (Proerosia), at
Eleusis, vii. 51 sqq. , 60, 108
of the Sacaea, at Babylon, iv. 113
sqq., ix. 354 J^.
of Sais, vi. 49 sqq.
of the Saturnalia, ix. 306 sqq.
of the Threshing-floor (Haloa) at
Eleusis, vii. 60 sqq. , 75 ; obscenities in the, vii. 62
of the winter solstice, viii. 90
Festivals explained by myths, ii. 142 sq. of the Egyptian farmer, vi. 32 sqg. of Osiris, the official, vi. 49 sqq. Egyptian readjustment of, vi. 91 sqq of new yams, viii. 58 sqq. \ the great Christian, timed by the Church to coincide with old pagan festivals, ix. 328 ; ancient Greek, resembling the Saturnalia, ix. 350 sqq. ; popular, primitive character of, ix. 404 ; of fire in Europe, xi. 106 sqq.
Festus, on a proposed etymology of Rome and Romulus, ii. 318 «.3 ; on " the Sacred Spring," iv. 186 ; on the Roman custom of knocking a nail into a wall, ix. 67 ns. x and 2
" Fetching the Wild Man out of the Wood," a Whitsuntide custom, iv. 208 sq.
Fete des Fous in France, ix. 334 sqq.
des Rois, Twelfth Day, ix. 329 •
Fetish or taboo rajah in Timor, iii. 24 ; the great, in West Africa, xi. 256
Fetish kings in West Africa, iii. 22 sqq.
Fetishes cursed in drought, i. 297
Fetishism early in human history, vi. 43
Feuillet, Madame Octave, on the burning of Shfove Tuesday at Saint-L6, iv. 228 sq.
Fever cured by knotted thread, iii. 304 ; euphemism for, iii. 400; typhoid, trans- ferred to tortoise, ix. 31 ; transferred to bald-headed widow, ix. 38 ; Roman cure for, ix. 47 ; transferred to •
GENERAL INDEX
269
person by a scrap of paper or a twig, ix. 49 ; transferred to a dog, cat, or snipe, ix. 51 ; transferred to a pillar, ix. 53 ; transferred to a tree or bush, ix. 55 sq. , 56, 57, 58, 59 ; nailed into a wall, ix. 63 ; driven away by firing- guns, etc., ix. 121 ; leaping over the Midsummer bonfires as a preventive of, x. 1 66, 173, 194 ; Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 190 ; need-fire kindled to prevent, x. 297 ; cure for, in India, by walking through a narrow passage, xi. 190
Fewkes, J. Walter, on the observation of the Pleiades among the Pueblo Indians, vii. 312
Fey, devoted, x. 231
Fez, annual temporary sultan in, iv. 152 sq. ; orgiastic rites at, vii. 21 ; talis- man against scorpions at, viii. 281 ; Midsummer custom of throwing water on people at, x. 216, xi. 31
Fictitious burials to divert the attention of demons from the real burials, viii. 98 sqq.
Fictores Vestalium, fictores Pontificum, ii. 204
Ficus Indica (the bar tree) sacred in India, ii. 43
religiosa (the pipal tree) sacred in
India, ii. 43
JRuminalifi the fig-tree under which
Romulus and Remus were suckled, ii. 3i8
sycomorus, used in kindling fire by
friction, ii. 210
Fida. See Whydah
"Field of the giants," called so from great fossil bones, v. 158
" of God, "viii. 14, 15
of Mars at Rome, viii. 42, 43, 44
" of secret tillage," viii. 57
Field-mice, burning torches as a protec- tion against, x. 114, 115; and moles driven away by torches, xi. 340
" speech," a special jargon em- ployed by reapers, iii. 410 sq., 411 sq.
Fielding, H., on the Buddhist Lent, ix. 349 sq.
Fields, miniature, dedicated to spirits, vii. 233 sq. ; cultivated, menstruous women not allowed to enter, x. 79 ; protected against insects by menstruous women, x. 98 n.1 ; processions with torches through, x. 107 sq. , no sqq., 113 sqq., 179, 339 sq. \ protected against witches, x. 121 ; made fruitful by bonfires, x. 140 ; fertilized by ashes of Midsummer fires, x. 170 ; fertilized by burning wheel rolled over them, x. 191, 340 sq. ; protected against hail by bonfires, x. 344
Fiends burnt in fire, ix. 320
Fierte or shrine of St. Romain at Rouen, ii. 167, 168, 170 w.1
Fife, custom of • ' dumping " at harvest in, vii. 227
Fifeshire, the harvest Maiden in, vii. 162
Fifty-two years, Aztec cycle of, vii. 310 j^.
Fig, as an article of diet, ii. 315 sq. ; artificial fertilization of the, at Rome in July, vi. 98 ; Dionysus perhaps associ- ated with the artificial fertilization of the, vi. 259 ; the wild, human scape- goats beaten with branches of, ix. 255. See also Figs and Fig-tree
Fig Dionysus at Lacedaemon, vii. 4
god perhaps personified by Roman
kings, ii. 319, 322
-leaves, aprons of, worn by Adam
and Eve, ix. 259 n.'6
tree of Romulus (Ficus JRuminalis),
ii. 10, 318
tree, sacred, ii. 44, 99, 249, 250, ix.
6 1 ; artificial fertilization (caprificatio] of the, ii. 314^., ix. 257 j^r., 272 sq.
-tree, the wild, its milky juice
sacrificed to Juno Caprotina, ii. 313 ; a male, ii. 314^. ; supposed to fertilize women, ii. 316 sq. ; haunted by spirits of the dead, ii. 317 ; sacred all over Africa and India, ii. 317 n.1
trees worshipped by the Akikuyu,
ii. 44 ; associated with Dionysus, vii. 4 ; wild, held sacred as the abodes of the spirits of the dead, viii. 113 ; personated by human victims, ix. 257 ; charm to benefit, x. 18 ; sacred among the Fans, xi. 161
Fighting the wind, i. 327 sqq. ; the king, right of, iv. 22
Fights, sanguinary, as a ceremony to procure ram, i. 258 ; annual, at the New Year, old intention of, ix. 184 ; between men and women about their sex totems, xi. 215, 217
Figo, bonfire on the first Sunday in Lent, x. in
Figs, soul-compelling vfrtue of, iii. 46 ; black and white, worn by human scapegoats, ix. 253, 257, 272 ; crowns of, worn at sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 «.3 ; eaten by human scapegoat before being put to death, ix. 255. See also Fig
Fiji, treatment of the navel -string in, i. 184 ; catching the sun in, i. 316 ; temporary inspiration of priests in, i. 378 ; special vocabularies employed with reference to divine chiefs in, i. 402 n. ; War King and Sacred King in, iii. 21 ; catching away souls in, iii. 69 ; superstitions connected with eating in, iii. 117; tabooed persons not
2/0
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
to handle food in, iii. 134 w.1 ; taboo for handling dead chiefs in, iii. 141 ; manslayers tabooed in, iii. 178 sq. ; custom at cutting a chief's hair in, iii. 264 ; shorn hair hid in thatch of house in, iii. 277 ; voluntary deaths in, iv. II sq, \ custom of grave-diggers in, iv. 156 n.2\ abdication of father when his son is grown up in, iv. 191 ; circumcision practised in, iv. 220 ; chiefs buried secretly in, vi. 105 ; sacrifice of first-fruits in, viii. 125 ; leaves piled on spots where men were clubbed to death in, ix. 15 ; annual ceremony at appearance of sea-slug in, ix. 141 sq. ; brides tattooed in, x. 34 n.1 ; the fire-walk in, xi. 10 sq. ; birth-trees in, xi. 163 ; the drama of death and resurrection exhibited to novices at initiation in, xi. 243 sqq.
Fijian belief as to a whirlwind, i. 331 n.2
chiefs claim divinity, i. 389 ; sup- posed effect of using their dishes or clothes, iii. 131
custom of personal cleanliness, iii.
158 rt.1
god of fruit-trees, v. 90
Lent, v. 90
Fijians, gods of the, i. 389 ; their con- ception of the soul, iii. 29 sq. , 92 ; their notion of absence of the soul in dreams, iii. 39 sq. ; their custom of frightening away ghosts, in. 170 ; their theory of earthquakes, v. 201
Filey, in Yorkshire, the Yule log and candle at, x. 256
Financial oppression, Roman, v. 301 n.2
Finchra, mountain in Rum, xi. 284
Fingan Eve (St. Thomas's Day) in the Isle of Man, x. 266
Finger bitten off as sacrifice, iii. 166 n.2
Finger-joints, custom of sacrificing, iv. 219 ; mock sacrifice of, iv. 219
-rings as amulets, iii. 315
Fingers cut off as a sacrifice, iii. 161
Finistere, effigy of Carnival at Pontaven in, iv. 230 ; the harvest Wolf in, vii. 275 ; bonfires on St. John's Day in,