part in primitive, vii. 113 sqq.

Agriculture of the Nabataeanst ii. 100, 346 «.8
Agrigentum, Empedocles at, i. 390 ; Phalaris of, iv. 75
Agrionia, a festival at Orchomenus, iv. 163
Agrippa, king of Judea, his mockery at Alexandria, ix. 418
Agrippina, her marriage with Claudius, ii. 129 n.1
Agu, Mount, in Togo, wind-fetish on, i. 327 ; fetish priest on, iii. 5
Ague, transferred to trees, ix. 56, 57 sq. ; Suffolk cure for, ix. 68 ; Midsummer bonfires deemed a cure for, x. 162 ; leaps across the Midsummer bonfires thought to be a preventive of, x. 174
Agutainos of the Philippines, customs observed by widows among the, iii. 144
Agweh on the Slave Coast, custom at
VOL. XII
end of mourning at, iii. 286 ; custom
of widows at, xi. 18 sq. Agylla, in Etruria, funeral games at, iv. 95 Ahasuerus, King, ix. 397, 401 ; the
Hebrew equivalent of Xerxes, ix. 360 Ahaz, King, his sacrifice of his children,
iv. 169 sq. Ahlen, in Munsterland, the Yule log at,
x. 247 Ahne-bergen, near Stade, thresher of last
corn called Corn-pug at, vii. 273 Ahriman, the devil of the Persians, x. 95 Ahts or Nootka Indians of Vancouver
Island regard the moon as the husband
of the sun, vi. 139 n.1 ; seclusion of
girls at puberty among the, x. 43 sq. Ahura Mazda, the supreme being of the
Persians, x. 95 Ai San Bushmen, their fire-sticks, ii.
218 n.1
Aijaruc, a Tartar princess, ii. 306 Am, de 1', French department, leaf- clad
mummer on May Day in, ii. 81 «.8 ;
Lenten fires in, x. 114 Aino fishermen, their ways of making
rain, i. 288
hunters, their custom at killing a
fox, vMi. 267
type of animal sacrament, viii.
312 sq.
women may not mention their
husbands' names, iii. 337
Ainos, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 212 ; their rain-making, i. 251, 253 ; their fear of whirlwinds, i. 331 «.2 ; their ceremony at eating new millet, viii. 52 ; their custom as to eating the heads of otters and the hearts of water-ousels, viii. 144 ; their worship of bears, viii. 1 80 sqq. ; their worship of eagle-owls, eagles, and hawks, viii. 199 sq. ; thank the sword-fish which they kill, viii. 251 ; their customs in regard to the first fish of the season, viii. 255 sq. \ their pro- pitiation of mice, viii. 278 ; their ambiguous attitude towards the bear, viii. 310^.
of Japan, their use of magical
images, i. 60 ; reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; their custom of killing bears ceremonially, viii. 180^^. ; their mourning caps, x. 20 ; their use of mugwort in exorcism, xi. 60 ; their veneration for mistletoe, xi. 79
— of Saghalien, pregnant women for- bidden to spin among the, i. 114; their bear-festivals, viii. 188 sqq.
Aiora, festival of swinging, at Athens, i, 46*.1
Air, prohibition to be uncovered in the open, iii. 3, 14 ; thought to be poisoned at eclipses, x. 162 n.
*54
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Airi, a deity of North- West India, his worshippers inspired, v. 170
Airu, Assyrian month corresponding to May, ii. 130
Aisawa or Isowa, order of saints in Morocco, devour live goats, vii. 21 sq.
Aisne, Midsummer fires in the depart- ment of, x. 187
Ait Sadden, a tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 182
• Warain, a Berber tribe of Morocco, their tug-of-war, ix. 178 sq.
— Yusi, a tribe of Morocco, their tug- of-war, ix. 182
Aitan, a Khasi goddess, ix. 173
Aivilik, the Esquimaux of, i. 121
Aix, squibs at Midsummer at, x. 193 ; Midsummer king at, x. 194, xi. 25
Aiyar, N. Subramhanya, on Indian dancing-girls, v. 63 sqq.
Ajax and Teucer, names of priestly kings of Olba, v. 144^., 161
Ajumba hunter, his apologies to the hippopotamus which he had killed, viii. 235
Akambaof British East Africa, believe that every woman has a spiritual husband who fertilizes her, ii. 317 ; continence observed by them on journeys and while the cattle are at pasture, iii. 204 ; their offerings of first-fruits to the spirits of the dead, viii. 113 ; riddles asked at circumcision among the, ix. 122 n. ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 23
— — of Central Africa, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353
Akawe"s, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337
Akhetaton (Tell-el-Amarna), the capital of Amenophis IV., vi. 123 n.1
Akikuyu, the, of British East Africa, ceremony of the new birth among the, i. 75 sq. , 96 sq.t xi. 262 sq. ; worship fig-trees, ii. 44 sq. \ worship a snake, and marry girls to the snake-god, ii. 150, v. 67 sq. \ believe that barren women can be fertilized by the wild fig-tree, ii. 316 ; purification of manslayers among the, iii. 175 sq. ; continence observed by them on journeys and while the cattle are at pasture, iii. 204 ; auricu- lar confession among the, iii. 214 ; use of scapegoats among the, iii. 214 sq. ; their women purified after a mis- carriage in childbirth, iii. 286 ; their treatment of premature and unusual births, iii. 286, 287 n.6; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82, 85 ; transfer guilt to a goat, ix. 32 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 81. See also Kikuyu
Akurwa, a village of the Shilluk, iv. 19,
23. 24 Alabama, harvest festival of the Indians
of, viii. 72 n.3 Aladdin and the Wonderful Lamp,
Roman version of, xi. 105 Alafin of Oyo, paramount king of Yoruba
land, iv. 203 Alake, the, of Abeokuta, custom of
cutting off the head of his corpse, iv.
203 Alaska, the Esquimaux of, i. 121, 328,
iii. 145, vi. 51, ix. 124, xi. 155 ; the
Aleuts of, iii. 207 ; the Kaniagmuts of,
iii. 207 ; the Koniags of, i. 121, vi.
1 06 ; seclusion of girls at puberty
among the Indians of, x. 45 sq. Alaskan hunters, their respect for dead
sables and beavers, viii. 238 islanders mistook the Russians for
cuttle-fish, viii. 206 Alastir and the Bare-Stripping Hangman,
Argyleshire story of, xi. 129 sq. Alba, Vestal fire and Vestal virgins at, i. 1 3
Longa, the kings of, ii. 178 sqq,,
268 sq. ; perhaps mimicked Latian Jupiter, ii. 187
Alban dynasty descended from a Vestal, ii. 197
Hills, i. 2, ii. 178
kings, iv. 76
Lake, i. 2 ; tradition of a sub- merged city in the, ii. 180, 181 n.
League, religious centre of the, ii.
187
— Mountain, the, ii. 1875^., 202, 387 Albania, bloodstones in, i. 165 ; milk- stones in, i. 165 ; fear of portraiture in, iii. 100 ; expulsion of Kore on Easter Eve in, iv. 265, ix. 157 ; mar- riage custom in, vi. 246 ; mock lamentations for locusts and beetles in, viii. 279 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 212 ; the Yule log in, x. 264 Albanian custom of beating men and beasts in March, ix. 266
story of the external soul, xi. 104 ».8
Albanians of the Caucasus, did not men- tion the names of the dead, iii. 349 ; their worship of the moon, v. 73 ; their use of human scapegoats, ix. 2x8 Albano, ancient necropolis near, ii. 201 Albert, Lake, Lendu tribe of, i. 348
Nyanza, Lake, the Wahuma of the,
i. 250 ; crocodiles in the, viii. 213 ; the Wakondyo of the, xi. 162 sq. Alberti, L., on Caffre purification of
lion-killer, iii. 220
Albigenses worshipped each other, i. 407 Albino sacrificed to river, ii. 158 ; head of secret society on the Lower Congo, xi. 251
GENERAL INDEX
IS5
Albinoes the offspring of the moon, v. 91 Alblrunl, Arab geographer, on the Per- sian festival of the dead, vi. 68 ; on the burning of effigies of Haman at Purim,
ix- 393
Alchemy leads up io chemistry, i. 374 Alchennga, remote legendary time of the
Arunta, i. 88, 98, 102 Alcibiades of Apamea, his vision of the
Holy Ghost, iv. 5 «.8 Alcidamus wins Barce in a foot-race, ii.
300 sq.
Alcman on dew, vi. 137 Alcmena, her long travail with Hercules,
iii. 298 sq.
Alcyonian Lake, Dionysus at the, vii. 15 Alder branches, sacrificial, viii. 232 Alders free from mistletoe, xi. 315 Alectrona, daughter of the Sun, taboos
observed at her sanctuary in Rhodes,
viii. 45
Alenfon, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337 n.1 Aleutian Islands, Atkhans of the, ix. 3 ;
cairns in the, ix. 16
hunter injured by unchastity of
absent wife or sister, i. 123
Aleutians, effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 254
Aleuts of Alaska, seclusion of successful whaler among the, iii. 207
Alexander the Great, his fiery cresset, ii. 264 ; cuts the Gordian knot, iii. 316 ; funeral games in his honour, iv. 95 ; expels a king of Paphos, v. 42 ; his fabulous birth, v. 81 ; assumes cos- tumes of deities, v. 165 ; sacrifices to Megarsian Athena, v. 169 «.s
Alexander Severus, at festival ol Attis, v.
273 Alexandria, festival of Adonis at, v. 224,
ix. 390 ; the Serapeum at, vi. 119 «.,
217 ; mockery of King Agrippa at, ix.
418 Alexandrian calendar, used by Plutarch,
vi. 84 ; used by Theophanes, ix. 395 n.1 year, the fixed, vi. 28, 92 ; Plutarch's
use of the, vi. 49 Alfai, title of rain-making priest among
the Barea and Kunama, ii. 3 Alfoors of Buru, names of relations
tabooed among the, iii. 341
or Toradjas of Central Celebes,
their custom at child-birth, iii. 33 ; taboos observed by their priest, iii. 129 ; priest with unshorn hair among the, iii. 260 ; riddles among the, ix. 122 n. \ their custom at the smelting of iron, xi. 154 ; their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 222. See also Toradjas
— of Ceram, their high -priest regarded as a demigod, i. 400
Alfoors of Halmahera, name of wife's father tabooed among the, iii. 341 ; their expulsion of the devil, ix. 112
of Minahassa, inspired priest among
the, i. 382 sq. ; ceremony at house- warming among the, iii. 63 sq. ; names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340 sq. ; their custom as to the first rice sowed and reaped, viii. 54 ; attempt to deceive demons of sickness, viii. 100
of Poso, in Central Celebes, their
belief as to demons of trees, ii. 35 ; abduction of souls by demons among the, in. 62 sq. ; will not pronounce their own names, iii. 332 ; names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 340
Algeds, rain-maker among the, ii. 3
Algeria, rain-making in, i. 250 ; the Aisawa sect in, vii. 22 n.1 ; fever trans- ferred to tortoise in, ix. 31 ; popular cure by knocking nails in, ix. 60 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 213
, the Arabs of, avoid using the proper
name for lion, iii. 400 ; tale of.iv. 130 n.1
Algidus, Mount, its oak forests, ii. 187, 380 ; a haunt of Diana, ii. 380
Algiers, the Moors of, light no fires after a death, ii. 268 n.
Algonquin Indians caught souls in nets, iii. 69 sq.
Algonquins or Algonkins, the, their treat- ment of the navel-string, i. 197 ; marry their fishing-nets to girls, ii. 147 sq. ; their women seek to be impregnated by the souls of the dying, iv. 199
Alice Springs in Central Australia, i. 259, xi. 238 ; magical stones at, i. 162
Aline, Loch, fishing magic on, i. no
All-healer, name applied to mistletoe, xi. 77, 79' 82
All Saints, Feast of, perhaps substituted for an old pagan festival of the dead, vi. 82 sq.
All Saints' Day, November ist, old Celtic New Year's Day, x. 225 ; omens on, x. 240 ; bonfires on, x. 246 ; sheep passed through a hoop on, xi. 184
All Souls, Festival of, iv. 98, vi. 51 sqq.t vii. 30, x. 223 sq., 225 ».2; originally a pagan festival of the dead, vi. 81 ; instituted by Odilo, abbot of Clugny, vi. 82
All Souls' College, Oxford, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 337
Allallu bird beloved by Ishtar, ix. 371
Allan, John Hay, on the Hays of Errol, xi. 283
Allandur temple, at St. Thomas's Mount, Madras, fire-festival at, xi. 8 a.1
Allatu, Babylonian goddess, v. 9
I56
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Allerton, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338 Allhallow Even, the thirty-first of October,
Lords of Misrule on, ix. 332 All- Hal lows (All Saints' Day), iii. n, 12 Allifae in Samnmm, baths of Hercules at,
v. 213 «.2 Alligator pears, Peruvian ceremony to
make them ripen, ii. 98 Alligators, souls of dead in, viii. 297 Allumba, in Central Australia, magic
tree at, i. 145 sq. Almagest, the, vii. 259 n.1 Almo, procession to the river, in the rites
of Attis, v. 273 Almond causes virgin to conceive, v.
263 ; the father of all things, v.
263 sq,
trees, mistletoe on, xi. 316
Almora, in Kumaon, ix. 197
A-Louyi, seclusion of girls at puberty
among the, x. 28 n.6 Alpach, valley in Tyrol, the Wheat-bride
or Rye-bride at harvest in, vii. 163 Alpheus, the sacred, ii. 8 Alqamar, tribe of nomads in Hadramaut,
their way of stopping rain, i. 252 Alsace, May-trees in, ii. 64 ; the Little
May Rose in, ii. 74 ; stuffed goat or
fox at threshing in, vii. 287, 297; Mid- summer fires in, x. 169 ; cats burnt in
Easter bonfires in, xi. 40 Alt Lest, in Silesia, the binder of the last
sheaf called the Beggar-man at, vii. 231 Pillau, in Samland, harvest custom
at, vii. 139
Altars, bloodless, ix. 307 Altdorf and Weingarten, in Swabia, the
Carnival Fool on Ash Wednesday at,
iv. 232 Althenneberg, in Bavaria, Easter fires
at, x. 143 sq. Altjsheim, in Swabia, the last sheaf called
the Old Woman at, vii. 136 Altmark, custom with birch branches at
Whitsuntide in the, ii. 64 ; the May
Bride at Whitsuntide in the, ii. 95 ; the
He-goat at reaping in the, vii. 287 ;
Easter bonfires in the, x. 140, 142 Alum burnt at Midsummer, x. 214 Alungu, seclusion of girls at puberty
among the, x. 24 sq. Alur, a tribe of the Upper Nile, bury
their cut hair and nails, iii. 277 sq. ;
their fear of crocodiles, viii. 214 ; their
treatment of insanity, x. 64 Alus, sanctuary of Laphystian Zeus at,
iv. 161, 164; custom of sacrificing
princes at, vii. 25 Alvarado, Pedro de, Spanish general,
kills a nagital, xi. 214 Alyattcs, king of Lydia, v. 133 n.1 Alynomus, king of Paphos, v. 43 n.1
Amadhloxi, Zulu ancestral spirits in ser
pent form, xi. 211 «.a Ama-terasu, Japanese goddess of the
Sun, vii. 212 Amambwe, a Bnntu tribe of Northern
Rhodesia, believe that their head chief
at death turns into a lion, vi. 193, viii.
287 ; seclusion of girls at puberty
among the, x. 24 sq. Amapondo country, cairn to which
passers-by added stones in the, ix.
30 «.2 Amasis, king of Egypt, substitutes images
for human victims, iv. 217 ; his body
burnt by Cambyses, v. 176 «.2 Atnata, "Beloved," title of Vestals, ii.
197 Amata, wife of King Latinus, ii. 197
Amathus, in Cyprus, Adonis and Mel- earth at, v. 32, 117; statue of lion- slaying god found at, v. 117
Amatongo, ancestral spirits (Zulu term), v. 74 «.4, vi. 184, xi. 212 n.
Amaxosa Caffres propitiate the elephants which they kill, viii. 227
Amazon, Indians at the mouth of the, ix. 264 ; ordeals of young men among the Indians of the, x. 62 sq.
Amazons set up a statue of Artemis under an oak, i. 38 n.1
of Dahomey ate the hearts of brave
foes to make themselves brave, vifl. 149
Amazulu, their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 316
Ambabai, an Indian goddess, v. 243
Ambala District, Punjaub, rebirth of chil- dren in the, v. 94
Ambamba, in West Africa, death, re- surrection, and 'new birth in, xi. 256
Ambarvalia, cattle crowned at the, ii. 127 «.2 ; an agricultural festival of ancient Italy, ix. 359
Amboin, in Angola, new fire at, ii. 262
Amboyua, custom as to children's cast teeth in, i. 179 ; rice in bloom treated like a pregnant woman in, ii. 28 ; cere- mony to fertilize clove-trees in, ii. 100 ; recovery of lost souls in, iii. 66 sq. \ abduction of souls by doctors in, iii. 73 ; fear to lose the shadow at noon in, iii. 87 ; sick people sprinkled with pungent spices in, iii. 105 ; new fruits offered to the gods in, viii. 123 ; belief in spirits in, ix. 85 ; disease- transference in, ix. 187; hair of criminals cut in, xi. 158
Ambras, Midsummer customs at, x. 173
Amedzowe, the spirit land, viii. 105
Amei Awa, a Kayan god, vii. 93
Ame"lineau, E., discovers the tomb of Egyptian King Khent, vi. 21 n.1
GENERAL INDEX
157
Amelioration in the character of the gods, iv. 136
Amenophis III., king of Egypt, birth of, ii. 131 sqq. ; his birth represented on the monuments, iii. 28
Amenophis IV., king of Egypt, his attempt to abolish all gods but the sun-god, vi. 123 sqq.
Ameretat, a Persian archangel, ix. 373 n.1
America, treatment of the navel -string and afterbirth in, i. 195 sqq. \ the breach of England with, i. 216 ; asso- ciation of the frog with rain in, i. 292 ».8 ; reincarnation of the dead in, v. 91 ; the moon worshipped by the agricultural Indians of tropical, vi. 138 ; cat's cradle in, vii. 103 n.1 ; the Corn-mother in, vii. 171 sqq.
, Central, the Pipiles of, ii. 98 ; the
Indians of, practise continence for the sake of the crops, ii. 105 ; the Quiches of, viii. 134 ; the Mosquito Indians of, viii. 258 «.2; the Mosquito territory in, x. 86
, North, the Natchez of, i. 249 ; the
Omahas of, i. 249 ; power of medicine- men in, i. 356 sqq. ; the Hidatsa Indians of, ii. 12 ; Indians of, their dread and avoidance of menstruous women, iii. 145 sq. , x. 87 sqq. ; Indians of, will not eat blood, iii. 240 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; Indians of, not allowed to sit on bare ground in war, x. 5 ; Indians of, seclusion of girls at puberty among, x. 41 sqq. ; Indians of, stories of the external soul among, xi. 151 sq. ; Indians of, re- ligious associations among, xi. 267 sqq. See also North American Indians , North- West, contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 ; the Chilcotin Indians of, i. 312 ; the Loucheux of, i. 356 ; artificial elongation of the head among the Indian tribes of, ii. 298 ; the Carrier Indians of, iv. 199 ; the Salish Indians of, viii. 80 ; the Tinneh Indians of, viii. 80 ; Indian tribes of, their masked dances, ix. 375 sqq. ; Secret Societies among the Indians of, ix. 377 sqq.
, South, the Guarani of, i. 145 ; the
Payaguas of, i. 330 ; power of medicine- men in, i. 358 sqq. \ the Itonamas of, iii. 31 ; custom of swallowing ashes of dead kinsfolk in, viii. 156 sq. ; the Palenques of, viii. 221 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the Indians of, x. 56 sqq. ; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 212 sq. See also South America
American Indians, power of medicine-
men among the, i. 355 sqq. ? drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 170 sq. ; confession of sins among the, iii. 215 sq., 216 ».a; personal names kept secret among the, iii. 324 sqq., 327 sq. ; their fear of naming the dead, iii. 351 sqq. ; relations of the dead change their names among the, ">• 357 J changes in their languages caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 360 sq. ; their Great Spirit, iv. 3 ; women's agricultural work among the, vii. 120 sqq. \ their personification of maize, vii. 171 sqq. ; do not sharply distinguish between animals and men, viii. 204 sqq. ; their ceremonies at hunting bears, viii. 224 sqq. \ treat elans, deer, and elks with ceremonious respect, viii. 240 ; cut out the sinew of the thigh of deer which they kill, viii. 264. See also North American Indians and South American Indians
American prairies, skulls of buffaloes awaiting resurrection on, viii. 256
Amestris, wife of Xerxes, her sacrifice of children, vi. 220 sq.
Amethysts thought to keep their wearers sober, i. 165 ; in rain-charms, i. 345
Amiens, "killing the Cat" at harvest near, vii. 281
Amisus, in Pontus, ix. 421 n. 1
Ammerland, in Oldenburg, cart-wheel used as charm against witchcraft in, x. 345 «.8
Ammon, the god, married to the queen of Egypt, ii. 130 sqq. ; human wives of, ii. 130 sqq., v. 72; regarded as the father of Egyptian gods, ii. 131 ; costume of, ii. 133 ; king of Egypt masqueraded as, ii. 133 ; high priests of, their usurpation of regal power, ii. 134; identified with the sun, vi. 123 ; rage of King Amenophis IV. against, vi. 124 ; at Thebes in Egypt, ram annually sacrificed to, viii. 41, 172 ; the Theban, represented with the body of a man and the head of a ram, viii. 172 sq.
Ra, king of the gods, ii. 132
Ammon (country), Hanun, king of, iii. 273 ; conquered by King David, iii.
273
, Milcom, the god of, v. 19
Ammonite, fossil, regarded as an embodi- ment of Vishnu, ii. 26, 27 «.2
Amoor River, the Manegres of the, iii. 323; the Gilyaks of the, v. 278 «.a, viii. 103, 267, ix. 101 ; the Goldiof the, viii. 103 ; bears in the valley of the, viii. 191 ; the Orotchis of the, viii. 197
Amorgos, the month of Cronion in, ix.
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Amorites, their law as to fornication, v. 37 sq.
Amoy, fear of tree-spirits in, ii. 14; spirits who draw away the souls of children at, iii. 59 ; euphemism for fever among the Chinese of, iii. 400 ; puppets as substitutes among the Chinese of, vni. 104
Ampasirnene, in Madagascar, viii. 40 n.
Amphictyon, king of Athens, married the daughter of his predecessor, ii. 277
Amphipohs, death of Brasidas at, iv. 94
Amphitryo besieges Taphos, xi. 103
Amsanctus, the valley of, v. 204 sq.
Amshaspands, Persian archangels, ix.
373 «.J
Amsterdam, "dew-treading" at Whit- suntide at, ii. 104 n.'2
Amulets, hair and teeth of sacred kings preserved as, ii. 6 ; knots used as, in. 306 sqq. ; rings and bracelets as, iii. 314 sqq. , x. 92 ; crowns and wreaths as, vi. 242 sq. ; against demons, ix. 95 ; as soul-boxes, xi. 155 ; degenerate into ornaments, xi. 156 n?. See also Talismans
Amulius Silvius, his rivalry with Jupiter, ii. 1 80
Amyclae, ancient capital of Lacedaemon, Agamemnon buried at, ii. 279 ; in the vale of Sparta, v. 313 ; tomb of Hyacinth at, v. 314 ; festival of Hyacinthia at, v. 315
Amyclas, father of Hyacinth, v. 313
Anabis, in Egypt, human god at, i. 390
Anacan, a month of the Gallic calendar,
ix- 343
Anacreon, on Cinyras, v. 55
Anacyndaraxes, father of Sardanapalus, v. 172
Anadates, at Zela, ix. 373 n.1
Anaitis, Persian goddess, afterwards equivalent to Ishtar, i. 16 sq. , ix. 369, 389 ; identified with Artemis, i. 37 «.2; served by prostitutes at Acilisena, in Armenia, ii. 282 «.3, v. 38, ix. 369 n.1 \ her sanctuary at Zela, ix. 370, 421 n.l\ associated with the Sacaea, ix. 355, 368, 369, 402 n.1 ; identified with Aphrodite, ix. 369 n.1, 389
Anammelech, burnt sacrifice of children to, iv. 171
Anansa, tutelary god of Old Calabar, ii. 42
Anassa, "Queen," title of goddess, v.
35 «-a
Anatomie of Abuses, ii. 66
Anazarba or Anazarbus, in Cilicia, the olives of, ii. 107 ; Zeus at, v. 167 n.1
Ancestor, wooden image of, xi. 155
— • -worship among the Bantu peoples, ii. 221, vi. 176 sqq. ; in relation to fire- worship, ii. 221 ; among the K has is
of Assam, vi. 203 ; combined with mother-kin tends to a predominance of goddesses over gods in religion, vi. an sq. ; in Fiji, xi. 243 sq.
Ancestors, prayers to, i. 285, 286, 287, 345» 352» vn- I05 '> skulls of, in rain- charm, i. 285; sacrifices to, i. 290^., 339 ; souls of, in trees, ii. 29, 30, 31, 32, 317 ; represented by sacred fire- sticks, ii. 214, 216, 222 sqq. \ dead, regarded as mischievous beings, ii. 221 ; souls of, in the fire on the hearth, ii. 232 ; propitiation of, by rubbing their skulls, iii. 197 ; names of, bestowed on their reincarnations, iii. 368 sq. ; reborn in their descendants, iii. 368 sq. ; propitiation of deceased, v. 46 ; images of, viii. 53 ; offerings of first- fruits to spirits of, viii. in, 112, 113, 116, 117, 119, 121, 123, 124, 125; worshipped as guardian spirits, viii. 121, 123 ; spirits of, take up their abode in their skulls or in images, viii. 123 ; images of, viii. 124 ; dead, worshipped as gods, viii. 125 ; fear of the spirits of, ix. 76 sq.
Ancestral Contest at the Haloa, vii. 61 ; at the Eleusinian Games, vii. 71, 74, 77 ; at the Festival of the Threshing- floor, vii. 75
skulls used in magic, i. 163
spirits worshipped at the hearth, ii.
216 sq. , 221 sq. , cause sickness, ni. 53 ; sacrifices to, iii. 104, vi. 175, 178 sq. , 1 80, 181 sq. , 183 sq. , 190 ; on shoulders of medicine-men, v. 74 «.4 ; incarnate in serpents, v. 82 sqq. , xi. 211 ; in the form of animals, v. 83 ; wor- shipped by the Bantu tribes of Africa, vi. 174 sqq. ; prayers to, vi. 175 sq.t 178 sq. , 183 sq. ; on the father's and on the mother's side, the two dis- tinguished, vi. 1 80, 181; propitiation of, ix. 86. See also Ancestors and Dead
tree, fire kindled from, ii. 221, 223 sq.
Anchiale in Cilicia, v. 144 ; monument of Sardanapalus at, v. 172
Ancient deities of vegetation as animals, viii. i sqq.
Ancona, sarcophagus of St. Dasius at, ii. 310 n.lt ix. 310
Ancus Martius, Roman king, said to have murdered his predecessor, ii. 181 n.6 ; his maternal descent, ii. 270 «.4; his death, ii. 320
Andalusia, guisers in, ix. 173
Andaman Islanders, said to be ignorant of the art of making fire, ii. 253 ; perhaps first got fire from volcano, ii. 256 «.2 ; regard their reflections as their souls, iii. 92 ; their ideas as to shooting stars, iv. 60 ; boar's fat poured
GENERAL INDEX
'59
on novice at initiation among the,
viii. 164 Andaman Islands, mourning custom in
the, iii. 183 n. ; cat's cradle in the,
vii. 103 n.1 Andania in Messenia, grove of the Great
Goddesses at, ii. 122 ; mysteries of,
iii. 227 n. \ sacred men and women at,
v. 76 «.8
Anderida, forest of, ii. 7 Anderson, J. D., on the winds of Assam,
ix. 176 n.s Anderson, Miss, of Barskimming, ix.
169 w.2, x. 171 «.3 Andes, the Colombian, i. 416 , the Peruvian, net to catch the
sun in, i. 316 ; the Indians of, their
thunder-god, ii. 370 ; Indians of, their
fear of the sea, iii. TO ; cairns in, to
which passing Indians add stones,
ix. 9, 10 ; effigies of Judas burnt at
Easter in, x. 128 Andjra, a district of Morocco, magical
virtue of rain - water in, x. 17 ;
Midsummer fires in, x. 213 sq. \ Mid- summer rites of water in, x. 216 ;
animals bathed at Midsummer in,
xi. 31 Andreas, parish of, in the Isle of Man,
x. 224, 305, 307 n.1 Andree, Dr. Richard, ix. 246 n.1 ; on
the Pleiades in primitive calendars,
vii. 307 -Eysn, Mrs., on the processions
and masquerades of the Perchtcn, ix.
245 sq. , 249 Andriamasinavalona, a Hova king,
vicarious sacrifice for, vi. 221 Andromeda and Perseus, ii. 163 Anemone, the scarlet, sprung from the
blood of Adonis, v. 226 Ang Teng, in Burma, sacred fish at, viii.
291 Angakok, Esquimaux wizard or sorcerer,
iii. 211, 212 Angamis (Angami), a Naga tribe of
Assam, death custom among the, iv.
13 ; their human sacrifices, vii. 244 ;
spare butterflies, viii. 291 Angass, the, of Manipur, their rain-mak- ing, i. 252 ; a tribeof the Brahmapootra,
their -custom of stabbing those who die
a natural death, iv. 13 ; believe that
the souls of the dead are in butterflies,
viii. 291 , the, of Northern Nigeria, their
belief in external human souls lodged
in animals, xi. 210 Angel, need-fire revealed by an, x.
287
— dance, the, viii. 328 — — of Death, iv. 177 sq.
Angel, the Destroying, over Jerusalem, v. 24
man, effigy of, burnt at Midsummer,
x. 167
Angelus bell, the, x. no, xi. 47
Angla, on the Slave Coast, prohibition to ride on horseback in, viii. 45
Angola, the Matiamvo of, iv. 35
, the Ovakumbi of, i. 318 n.9 ;
the Mucelis of, ii. 262 ; the Bangalas of, ii. 293 ; Humbe in, iii. 6 ; the negroes of, speak respectfully of lions, iii. 400 ; Cassange in, iv. 56, 203
Angoni, the, of British Central Africa, their way of stopping rain, i. 263 ; their sacri- fices for rain and fine weather, i. 291 ; drive away the ghosts of the slain, iii. 174 ; purification of manslayers among the, iii. 176 ; custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 n.1 ; ceremony of standing on one leg among the, iv. 156 «.'2 ; sham burial to deceive demons among the, viii. 99 ; eat parts of enemies to acquire their qualities, viii. 149
Angomland, British Central Africa, rain- makmgin, i. 250; the Nyanja-speaking tribes of, viii. 26 ; customs as to girls at puberty in, x. 25 sq. ; customs as to salt in, x. 27
Angoul6me, poplar burned on St. Peter's day in, ii. 141
Angoy, the king of, must have no bodily defect, iv. 39
Angus, belief as to the weaning of chil- dren in, vi. 148 ; superstitious remedy for the "quarter-ill" in, x. 296 n.1
Anhalt, custom at sowing in, i. 139, v. 239 ; harvest customs in, vii. 226, 233, 279 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 140
Anhouri, Egyptian god, the mummy of, iv. 4 sq.
Animal, corn-spirit as an, vii. 270 sqq. ; killing the divine, viii. 169 sqq. ; wor- shipful, killed once a year and pro- menaded from door to door, viii. 322 ; bewitched, or part of it, burnt to com- pel the witch to appear, x. 303, 305, 307 sq., 321 sq. ; sickness transferred to, xi. 181 ; and man, sympathetic relation between, xi. 272 sq.
embodiments of the corn-spirit,
on the, vii. 303 sqq.
enemy of god originally identical
with god, vii. 23, viii. 16 sq. , 31
familiars of wizards and witches,
xi. 196 sq. , 201 sq.
form, god killed in, vii. 22 sq.
food, supposed acquisition of virtues
or vices through, viii. 139
god, two types of the custom c!
killing the, viii. 312 sq.
1 60
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Animal masks worn by Egyptian kings and others, ii. 133, iv. 72, vii. 260 sq. \ worn by mummers at Carnival, viii. 333
sacrament, types of, viii. 310 sqq.
Animals, homoeopathic magic of, i. 150 sqq. ; association of ideas common to the, i. 234 ; rain-making by means of, i. 287 sqq. ; spirits of plants in shape of, ii. 14 ; injured through their shadows, ni. 81 sq. ; propitiation of spirits of slain, iii. 190, 204 sq. ; atonement for slain, iii. 207 ; blood of, not allowed to fall on ground, iii. 247 ; dangerous, not called by their proper names, iii. 396 sqq. ; thought to understand human speech, iii. 398 sq. , 400 ; sacred to kings, iv. 82, 84 sqq. ; transformations into, iv. 82 sqq., xi. 207 ; sacrificed by being hanged, v. 289 sq. , 292; and plants, edible, savage lamentations for, vi. 43 sq. ; dead kings and chiefs incarnate in, vi. 162, 163 sq.t 173, 193; sacri- ficed to prolong the life of kings, vi. 222 ; torn to pieces and devoured raw in religious rites, vii. 17, 18, 19, 20 sqq. \ regarded as unclean were ori- ginally sacred, viii. 24 ; belief in the descent of men from, viii. 25 ; spirits of ancestors in, viii. 123; language of, acquired by eating serpent's flesh, viii. 146; resurrection of viii. 200 sq., 256 sqq. ; and men, savages fail to distinguish accurately between, viii. 204 sqq. ; wild, propitiation of, by hunters, viii. 204 sqq. ; apologies offered by savages to animals for kill- ing them, viii. 221 sqq. ; bones of, not to be broken, viii. 258 sq. ; bones of, not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 259 ; savage faith in the immor- tality of, viii. 260 sqq. ; transmigra- tion of human souls into, viii. 285 sqq. ; two forms of the worship of, viii. 311 ; processions with sacred, viii. 316 sqq. \ transference of evil to, ix. 31 sqq., 49 sqq. ; as scapegoats, ix. 31 sqq., 190 sqq., 208 sqq., 216 sq. ; guardian spirits of, ix. 98 ; prayed to, ix. 236 ; dances taught by, ix. 237 ; imitated in dances, ix. 376, 377, 381, 382; •burnt alive as a sacrifice in England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 sqq. ; witches transformed into, x. 315 sqq., xi. 311 sq. ; bewitched, buried alive, x. 324 sqq. ; live, burnt at Spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 sqq. ; the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 sq. , 43 sq. \ the language of, learned by means of fern- seed, xi. 66 n.\ external soul in, xi.
196 sqq. ; helpful, in fairy tales. Sa Helpful
Animism, the Buddhist, not a philo- sophical theory, ii. 13 sq. ; passing into polytheism, ii. 45 ; passing into religion, iii. 213
Aninga, aquatic plant in Brazil, ix. 264
Anitos, spirits of ancestors, in Luzon, ii. 30, viii. 124
Anjea, mythical being, who causes con- ception in women, i. 100, 184, v. 103
Ankenmilch bohren, to make the need- fire, x. 270 n.
Anklets, as amulets, iii. 315 ; made of human sinews, worn by king of Uganda, vi. 224 sq.
Ankole, in Central Africa, the Bahima of, vi. 190, viii. 288, x. 80
Anna, sister of Dido, v. 114 n.1
Anna Kuari, an Oraon goddess, human sacrifices to, vii. 244
Annals of Tigernach and Ulster, ii. 286
Annam, rain-making ceremonies in caves of, i. 301 sq. ; the Chams of, ii. 159 ; dangers apprehended from women in childbed in, iii. 155 ; ceremonies ob- served when a whale is washed ashore in, iii. 223 ; wild beasts spoken of respectfully in, iii. 403 ; natives of, their indifference to death, iv. 136 sq. ; offerings to the dead in spring in, v. 235 n.l\ annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 62 sqq. ; inauguration of spring by means of an effigy of an ox in, viii. 13 sq. ; mountaineers of, sacrifice to their nets, viii. 240 n.1 ; demons of sickness transferred to fowls in, ix. 33 ; demon of cholera sent away on a raft from, ix. 190 ; explanation of human mortality in, ix. 303 ; dread of menstruous women in, x. 85 ; use of wormwood to avert demons in, xi. 61 n.*
Annamite tale of a bleeding tree, ii. 33
Annamites, their belief as to demons, iii. 58 ; their way of protecting infants from demons, iii. 235
Annandale, Nelson, as to H. Vaughan Stevens, ii. 237 n.
Anne, Queen, touches for scrofula, i. 370
Anno, in West Africa, use of magical dolls at, i. 71
Annual abdication of kings, iv. 148
— • — death and resurrection of gods, v. 6
renewal of king's power at Babylon,
iv. 113
sacrifice of a sacred animal, viii. 31
tenure of the kingship, iv. 113 sqq.
Anodynes based on the principle of sympathetic magic, i. 93 sq.
Anointed, human scapegoat, ix. 218
GENERAL INDEX
161
Anointing a stone in a rain-charm, i. 305
stones in order to avert bullets
from absent warriors, i. 130
Anointment, of weapon which caused wound, i. 202 sqq. ; of priests at in- stallation, iii. 14 ; as a ceremony of consecration, v. 21 n.2 and 8, 68, 74; of sacred stones, custom of, v. 36 ; of the body as a means of acquiring certain qualities, viii. 162 sqq.
Anpu and Bata, ancient Egyptian story of, xi. 134 sqq.
Ant-hill, insane people buried in an, x.
64
Antaeus, grave of the giant, i. 286
, king of Libya, and his daughter
Barce, ii. 300 sq.
Antagonism of religion to magic, i. 226
Antaimorona, the, of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for failure of the crops, i. 354
Antambahoaka, the, of Madagascar, confession of sins among the, iii. 216 sq.
Antandroy, the, of Madagascar, their custom at circumcision, iii. 227
Antankarana tribe of Madagascar believe that their souls at death pass into animals, viii. 290
Antelope (Antilope leucoryx}, ceremony after killing a, viii. 244
Antelopes, soul of a dead king incarnate in, vi. 163
Anthemis nobilis, camomile, gathered at Midsummer, xi. 63
Anthesteria, dramatic death and resur- rection of Dionysus perhaps acted at the, iv. 32 ; festival of the dead at Athens, v. 234 sq. , ix. 152 sq. ; an Athenian festival of Dionysus, com- pared with a modern Thracian cele- bration of the Carnival, vii. 30 sqq.
Anthesterion, Attic month, corresponding to February, ii. 137, ix. 143 n. , 352
Anthropomorphism of the spirits of nature, vii. 212
Antiaris toxicaria, poison tree, supersti- tion of the Kayans as to the, ii. 17
Antibes, Holy Innocents' Day at, ix. 336 sq.
Antichrist, expected reign of, iv. 44 sq.
Antigone, the execution of, ii. 228 n.6
Antigonus, King, v. 212 ; deified by the Athenians, i. 390, 391 n.1 * *
Antilope leucoryx, ceremony of Ewe hunter after killing a, viii. 244
Antimachia in Cos, priest of Hercules dressed as woman at, vi. 258
Antimores of Madagascar, their chiefs held responsible for the operation of the laws of nature, i. 354
Antinmas, the twenty-fourth day aftet Christmas, ix. 167
Antinous, games in honour of, at Man- tinea, vii. 80, 85
Antioch, destroyed by an earthquake, v. 222 w.1 ; festival of Adonis at, v. 227, 257 sq. ; how it was freed from scor- pions, viii. 280 sq.
Antiochus, Greek calendar of, v. 303 «.8
Antiquity, of the cultivation of the cereals in Europe, vii. 79 ; human scapegoats in classical, ix. 229 sqq.
Antoninus Liberalis, on the birth of Hercules, iii. 299 n.L
Marcus, plague in his reign, ix. 64
Antonius Mountain, in Thuringia, Christ- mas bonfire on the, x. 265 sq.
Antrim, harvest customs concerning the last corn cut in, vii. 144, 154 sq ; "Winning the Churn " in, vii. 154 sq.
Ants, bites of, used in purificatory cere- mony, iii. 105 ; eaten to make the eater brave, viii. 147 ; superstitious precau- tion against the ravages of, viii. 276 ; jealousy transferred to, ix. 33 ; sting- ing people with, ix. 263, x. 61, 62 sq.
Antwerp, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 ; wicker giants at, xi. 35 sq.
Anu, Babylonian god, visit of Ishtar to, ix. 399 n.1
Anubis, Egyptian jackal-headed god, vi. 15, 18 «.8, 22 «.2; represented by a masked man, ii. 133 ; finds the body of Osiris, vi. 85 ; personated by a priest wearing the mask of a dog or a jackal, vi. 85 «.3
Anula tribe of Northern Australia, their disposal of foreskins at circumcision, i. 95 ; burial customs of the, i. 102 sq. ; their way of stopping rain, i. 253 ; their mode of making rain, i. 287 sq. \ their rites of initiation, xi. 235
Anyanja of British Central Africa, their dread of menstruous women, x. 81 sq.
Anzikos, the, of West Africa, iii. 271
Aola, village of Guadalcanar, viii. 126
Apaches, the, iii. 182, 183, x. 21 ; their way of procuring rain, i. 306; avoidance of wife's mother among the, Hi. 85 ; custom observed by them on the war-path, iii. 160 ; purify them- selves after the slaughter of foes, iii. 184 ; keep their names from strangers* iii. 325, 328 ; propitiated the animal gods before hunting deer, antelope, or elk, viii. 242 ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 230 «.
Apachitas, heaps of stones in Peru, ix. 9
Apala cured by Indra in the Rigveda, xi. 192
Apamea in Syria, Alcibiades of, iv. 5 «.'; worship of Poseidon at, v. 195
162
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Ape in homoeopathic magic, i. 156 ; a Batta totem, xi. 223. See also Apes
Apepi, Egyptian fiend, i. 67
Apes, thought to be related to twins, i. 265 ; voices of, imitated as a charm, ii. 23 ; ceremony of Yuracares after killing, viii. 235 sq.
Aphaca in Syria, sanctuary of Astarte at, v. 28, 259 ; meteor as signal for festival at, v. 259
Ap-hi, Abchasegod of thunder and light- ning, ii. 370
Aphrodite, represented as mother of Demetrius Poliorcetes, i. 391 ; the grave of, iv. 4 ; human sacrifices to, iv. 166 n.1 ; her sacred doves, v. 33> r47 1 sanctuary of, at Paphos, v- 33 sqq. \ the month of, v. 145 ; her blood dyes white roses red, v. 226 ; name applied to summer, vi. 41
and Adonis, i. 25, v. ii sq. , 29, 280, ix. 386, xi. 294 sq. ; their mar- riage celebrated at Alexandria, v. 224
-- Askraia, i. 26
- and Cinyras, v. 48 sq.
- of the Lebanon, the mourning, v.
the Oriental, ix. 369 n.1
-- and Pygmalion, v. 49 sq.
Aphtha or thrush transferred to a frog, ix. 50
Api, female hippopotamus goddess of Egypt, ii. 133
Apinagos Indians of Brazil, their dances and presentation of children to the moon, vi. 145 sqq.
Apis, sacred Egyptian bull, vi. ii, 119 »., viii. 34 sqq. , ix. 217; mourning for the death of, v. 225 ; held to be an image of the soul of Osiris, vi. 130 ; drowned in a holy spring, viii. 36 ; not suffered to outlive a certain term of years, viii. 173
Apodtho, the ancestor of all men, iii. 79
Apollo at Delos, i. 32, 34 sq.t ii. 135 ; prophetess of, inspired by laurel, i. 384, iv. 80 ; image of, in sacred cave at Hylae, i. 386 ; at Patara, ii. 135 ; purification of, iii. 223 n.1 ; servitude of, iv. 70 n.lt 78 j and the laurel, iv. 78 sqq. \ at Thebes, iv. 79 ; purged of the dragon's blood in the Vale of Tempe, iv. 8r ; dedication of a tithe- offering to, iv. 187 n.6 \ the friend of Cinyras, v. 54 ; music in the worship of, v. 54 sq. ; his musical contest with Marsyas, v. 55, 288 ; reputed father of Augustus, v. 8 1 ; purified at Tempe, vi. 240 ; temple of, at the Lover's Leap, ix. 254 ; temple of, at Cumae, x. 99 ; identified with the Celtic Grannus, x.
1X3
Apollo and Artemis, birthdays of, 1. 32 , the birth of, ii. 58 ; their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243 sq. ; cake with twelve knobs offered to, ix. 351 ».8
at Delphi, hair offered by boys
at puberty to, i. 28 ; first-fruits offered to, i. 32 ; grave of, at Delphi, i. 34, 35, iv. 4 ; seems to have usurped the place of an older god or hero at Delphi and Thebes, ii. 88 ; and, the Dragon at Delphi, iv. 78, 79, 80 sq. , vi. 240 ; sacrifices of Croesus to, v. 180 n.1
, the Cataonian, v. 147 ».8
, the Clarian, iv. 80 n.L
Diradiotes, inspired priestess at
temple of, i. 381
Erithasean, ii. 121
the Four-handed, vi. 250 «.a
of the Golden Sword, v. 176
surnamed Locust and Mildew, viii.
282 the Mouse, his temple in the Troad,
viii. 283
Soranus, xi. 14, 15 n.3
, the Wolf-slayer, viii. 283 sq.
Apollonia, festival at Delos, i. 32 «.2
, a city in Macedonia, ix. 143 n.
Apollonius of Tyana, how he rid Antioch
of scorpions, viii. 280 sq. ; how he rid
Constantinople of flies, viii. 281 Apologies offered to trees for cutting
them down, ii. 18 sq. , 30, 36 sq. ;
for trespass on sacred groves, ii. 328 ;
offered by savages to the animals they
kill, viii. 215, 217, 218, 221, 222 sqq.,
235 sqq. ,243
Apotheosis by being burnt alive, v. 179 sq. Apoyaos, tribe in Luzon, their human
sacrifices, vii. 241 Appam, a town on the Gold Coast,
family descended from a fish at, iv.
129 Appian, on the costume of a priest of
Isis, vi. 85 «.8 Apple, offered instead of ram or ox to
Hercules, viii. 95 «.2; divination by
a sliced, at Hallowe'en, x. 238 ; and
candle, biting at, x. 241, 242, 243, 245 -tree, afterbirth of cow hung in an,
i. 198^. ; straw-man placed on oldest,
viii. 6 ; as life-index of boy, xi. 165
-trees, barren women roll under,
to obtain offspring, ii. 57 ; torches thrown at, x. 108 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315, 316 «.6
Apples at festival of Diana, i. 14, 16 ; forbidden to worshippers of Cybele and Attis, v. 280 «.7; dipping for, at Hallowe'en, x. 237, 239, 241, 242,
243. 245
Apricot-trees, mistletoe on, xi. 316 April, religious rites performed by the
GENERAL INDEX
163
Vestals in, ii. 229 ; the first Sunday
of, custom observed at Naples on, iv.
241 ; Siamese festival of the dead in, ix.
150 ; ceremony of the new fire in, x.
136 sq., xi. 3 ; Chinese festival of fire
in, xi. 3 April 2nd, annual sacrifice of wild boars
in Cyprus on, viii. 23 n.3
i5th, sacrifice on, ii. 229, 326
aist, date of the Parilia, ii. 325,
326 ; ceremony performed by the
Vestals on, viii. 42 23rd, St. George's Day, ii. 75, 76,
330 SM
24th, in some places St. George's
Day, ii. 337, 343 ; the great mondard made on, viii. 6
27th, in popular superstitions of
Morocco, x. 17 sq.
30th, Walpurgis Day, ix. 163
Apuleius, as to the love -charm of a
Thessalian witch, iii. 270 ; his story
of Cupid and Psyche, iv. 131 ?i.1 ; on
the worship of Isis, vi. 119 n. ; on
a cure for scorpion bite, ix. 50 n.1 Aquaclicium and Jupiter, ii. 184 n. Aquilex, rain-maker, i. 310 n.4 Arab belief that a game of ball may
cause rain, ix. 179 charm to forget sorrow, i. 150 ; to
bring back a runaway slave, i. 152 ;
to ensure birth of strong children, i.
153 ; to fertilize a barren woman, i.
157 ; of the setting sun, i. 165 sq. ;
to get good teeth, i. 181 ; to make
rain, i. 303 commentator as to the fig and the
olive, ii. 316 ; on the Koran as to
knots in magic, iii. 302
cure by means of knotted thread,
iii. 304 ; cure for melancholy, ix. 4
legend of king bled to death, iii.
243 n.1
love-charm by means of knots, iii.
305
mode of cursing an enemy, iii. 312
name for the scarlet anemone, v.
226
sacrifice for rain, i. 289
women, their custom of muffling
their faces, iii. 122 ; in North Africa give their male children the hearts of lions to eat, viii. 142 sq. ; in Morocco, their superstitions as to plants at Midsummer, xi. 51
writer on the death of the King of
the Jinn, iv. 8 ; on talismans against locusts and murrain, viii. 281
Arabia, sacred acacia-tree in, ii. 42 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; use of camel as scapegoat for plague in, ix. 33
Arabia, ancient, taboos observed by in- cense-growers in, ii. 106 sq. ; belief as to shadows in, iii. 82 ; Sabaea or Sheba in, iii. 124 ; tree-spirits in snake form in, xi. 44 n.1
Arabian, modern, story of the external soul, xi. 137 sq.
Arabian Nights, story of the external soul in the, xi. 137
Arabic treatise on magic, i. 65 ; writer on the mourning for Ta-uz (Tammuz) in Harran, v. 230
Arabs believe the soul to be in the blood, iii. 241 ; avoid using the proper names for lion, leprosy, etc., iii. 400 ; ancient, supposed to know the language of birds, viii. 146 ; their custom as to widows, ix. 35 ; their custom in regard to murder, ix. 63 ; beat camels to deliver them from jinn, ix. 260
of Algeria, their story of the type
of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 ft.1
of East Africa, their faith in an
unguent of lion's fat, viii. 164
, the heathen, their custom as to a
boy's cast teeth, i. 181 ; their way of procuring lain, i. 303 ; their treat- ment of a man stung by a scorpion, iii. 95 n.8
of Moab, their charm against
scorpions, i. 153 ; their charm to ensure the biith of children, i. 157 ; their rain-making ceremony, i. 276 ; their use of shorn hair as a hostage, in. 273 ; preserve their nail- parings against the resurrection, iii. 280 ; resort to the springs of Callir- rhoe, v. 215 sq. ; their custom at harvest, vi. 48, 96, vii. 138 ; their remedies for ailments, vi. 242
of Morocco, their custom at the
Great Feast, ix. 265 ; their Midsum- mer customs, x. 214
of North Africa, their rain-charm,
i. 277 ; jinn invoked by their names among the, iii. 390
Aracan, ix. 117 ; the Mrus of, ix. 12 n.1 ;
dances for the crops in, ix. 236 Arachnaeus, Mount, altars of Zeus and
Hera on, ii. 360 Arad, in Hungary, thresher of last corn
wrapt in a cow's hide at, vii. 291 Araguaya River in Brazil, iii. 348 Aran, in the valley of the Garonne, Mid- summer fiies at, x. 193 Aran Islands, off Galway, St. Eany's
well in the, ii. 161 Aratus of Sicyon, sacrifices to, i. 105 ;
deemed a son of Aesculapius, v. 81 Araucanians of South America, the, ix.
12 ; their idea as to toads, i. 292 n.9;
I64
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
their belief that thunder-storms are caused by the spirits of the dead, it 183 ; afraid of having their portraits taken, iii. 97 ; keep their names secret, iii. 324 ; eat fruit of Araucanian pine, v. 278 #.a See also Aucas
Araunah, the threshing-floor of, v. 24
Arawak Indians of British Guiana, mur- derers taste the blood of their victims among the, viii. 154 sq. \ their explana- tion of human mortality, ix. 302 sq.
Arcadia, the oak forests of, ii. 354 sq.
Arcadian boys offer their hair to a river,
i. 3i custom of beating Pan's image, ix.
aS6
Arcadians ate and eat acorns, ii. 355, 356 ; sacrifice to thunder and light- ning, v. 157
Arch to shut out plague, ix. 5 ; creeping through, as a cure, ix. 55 ; child after an illness passed under an, xi. 192 ; young men at initiation passed under a leafy, xi. 193 ; triumphal, suggested origin of the, xi. 195. See also Arches, Archways
Archangel, worship of Leschiy in the Government of, ii. 125
Archangels, Persian, ix. 373 «.*
Archbishop of Innocents, ix. 334
Archer ( Tirant], effigy of, xi. 36
Archery, contest of, for a bride, ii. 306
Arches made over paths at expulsion of demons, ix. 113, 120 sq. ; novices at initiation passed under arches in Aus- tralia, xi. 193 n.1 See also Arch, Archways
Archigallus, high-priest of Attis, v. 268, 279 ; prophesies, v. 271 n.
Archways, passing under, as a means of escaping evil spirits or sickness, xi. 179 sqq. See also Arch, Arches
Arctic origin, alleged, of the Aryans, v. 229 n.1
regions, ceremonies at the reappear- ance of the sun in the, ix. 124 sq. , 125 n.1
Arcturus, Greek vintage timed by, vii. 47 ».2 ; Greek festival before, 51, 52
Arden, Forest of, ii. 7
Ardennes, May Day custom in the, ii. 80 ; Arduinna, goddess of the, ii. 126 ; effigies of Carnival burned in the, iv. 226 sq. ; precautions against rats in the, viii. 277 ; the King of the Bean in the, ix. 314 ; the Eve of Epiphany in the, ix. 317 ; bonfires on the first Sunday of Lent in the, x. 107 sq. \ the French, Lenten fires and customs in, x. 109 sq. ; Midsummer fires in the, x. 188 ; the Yule log in the, x. 253 ; cats burnt alive in Lenten bonfires in the, xi. 40
Ardrishaig, in Argyleshire, the harvest Maiden at, vii. 155 sq.
Arduinna, goddess of the Ardennes, ii. 126
Aren palm-tree, superstition as to, ii. 22
Arenna or Arinna, the Hittite sun-goddess of, v. 136, with n.1
Arensdorf, custom at sowing in, v. 239
Ares, men sacred to, in. in ; the grave of, iv. 4
Argaeus, Mount, in Cappadocia, v. 190^.
Argentina and Bolivia, passes of, ix. 9
Argenton, in Berry, Mid-Lenten custom at, iv. 241 sq.
Argive brides wore false beards, vi. 260
maidens sacrificed their hair to
Athena, i. 28
tradition as to descent of Dionysus
into Hades, vii. 15
women bewailed Adonis, v. 227 n.
Argo, tree of which the ship was made, xi. 94 n.1
Argolis, Eastern, physical features ot, ii. 360
Argos, titular kings at, i. 47 n. • Apollo Diradiotes at, i. 381 ; Flowery Hera at, ii. 143 w.2; new fire after a death in, ii. 267 n.* ; altar of Rainy Zeus at, ii. 360 #.8
Argus, Hermes tried for the murder of, ix. 24
Argyleshire, locks unlocked at childbirth in, iii. 296 ; use of knotted threads as a cure in, iii. 304 ; last corn cut at harvest called the Maiden in, vii. 155 sq. ; the last corn cut at harvest called the Old Wife (Cailleach] in, vii. 164
stories of the external soul, xl 127
sqq.
Argyrus, temple of Hercules at, x. 99 «.8
Ari or totem, mode of determining a young man's, i. 99
Ariadne, Cyprian worship of, vii. 209 «.a
and Dionysus, ii. 138
and Theseus, iv. 75
Ariadne's crown, ii. 138
Dance, iv. 75, 77
Ariccia, the modern descendant of Aricia, i. 3, xi. 309
Aricia, sacred grove at, i. 3, viii. 95 ; the beggars of, i. 4 ; Orestes at, i. 10 11 many Manii at," i. 22, viii. 94 sqq. its distance from the sanctuary, ii. 2 the priest of, ix. 273 ; King of the Wood at, ix. 409 ; the priest of, and the Golden Bough, x. i ; the priest of Diana at, perhaps a personified Jupiter, xi. 302 sq.
Arician grove, the sacred, i. 20, 22, ii. 115, ix. 274, 305; horses excluded from, i. 20, viii. 40 sqq. ; ritual of, iv. 213 ; perhaps the scene of a
GENERAL INDEX
165
common harvest celebration, viii. 44 ; said to have been founded by Manius, viii. 95 ; the Midsummer festival of fire in, xi. 285 ; the priest of, a personi- fication of an oak-spirit, xi. 285. See also Nemi Arician priesthood, ix. 305
slope, the, i. 4 n.b
Aries, the constellation, the sun in, ix. 361 w.1, 403
Arikara Indians, their rule as to breaking marrow bones, i. 115 sq. ; their pre- paration for war by fasting and lacerat- ing themselves, Hi. 161
Ariminum, triumphal arch of Augustus at, xi. 194 «.4
Aristeas of Proconnesus, his soul as a raven, iii. 34
Anstides, the rhetorician, on first-fruit offerings, vii. 56 ; on Eleusinian Games, vii. 71
Anstomenes, Messenian hero, his fabu- lous birth, v. 8 r
Aristophanes, Strepsiades in, i. 285 ; on the Spartan envoy, v. 196 «.4; on Hercules as patron of hot springs, v. 209
Aristotelian philosophy, revival of the, v. 301
Aristotle, on death at ebb-tide, i. 167 ; on the marriage of the Queen to Dionysus, ii. 137 ; his Constitution of Athens, ii. 137 ».1, vii. 79 ; on the political institutions of Cyprus, v. 49 «.7; on earthquakes, v. 211 «.8; on the trial of lifeless objects by the King at Athens, viii. 5 w.1 ; on men of genius, viii. 302 n.6; his statement of the prin- ciple of the survival of the fittest, viii. 306
Arizona, the aridity of, i. 306 ; the Moquis of, iii. 228 ; mock human sacrifices in, iv. 215 ; the Pueblo Indians of, vii 312; and New Mexico, use of bull -roarers in, xi. 230 ». , 231
Arjun and Draupadi, ii. 306
Arkansas Indians, their offerings of first- fruits to the Master of Life, viii. 134
Arkon, in Riigen, sacred shrine at, ii. 241 «.4
Arks, sacred, of the Cherokees, x. 1 1 sq.
Armadillos not to be shot with poisoned arrows, i. 116
Armengots, in the Pelew Islands, vi. 265
Armenia, rain-making in, i. 275 sq., 277, 282, 285; rain -charm by means of pebbles in, i. 305; rain -charms by means of rocks in, i. 306 ; the Paul- icians of, i. 407; barren fruit-trees threatened in, ii. 22 ; new fire after a death in, ii. 267 n.4 ; worship of Anaitis in, ii. 282 n.3, ix. 369 w.1; •acred prostitution of girls before mar-
riage in, v. 38, 58 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; were-wolves in, x. 316 ; sick people creep through cleft trees in, xi.
173
Armenian charms by means of knots and locks, iii. 308
church, the day of the Virgin in
the, i. 1 6 ; bonfires at Candlemas in the, x. 131
custom as to extracted teeth, i. 182
idea of the sun as a ^heel, x. 334 n.1
Armenians, their belief that lightning is produced by means of flints, ii. 374 ; preserve their cut hair and nails and extracted teeth for use at the resurrec- tion, iii. 280; their festivals of the dead, vi. 65 sq. ; their opinion of the baleful influence of the moon on children, vi. 148 ; their belief in demons, ix. 107 sq.
Arms of youths punctured to make them good hunters, x. 58
Army under arms, Flamen Dialis for- bidden to see, iii. 13
Arnobius on the Roman custom of keep- ing perpetual fires, ii. 260
Arnold, Matthew, on the English middle class, iv. 146
Arnstadt, witches burnt at, x. 6
Arran, magical stone in, i. 161 ; the need-fire in, x. 293
Arrephoroi at Athens, the, ii. 199
Arriaga, J. de, on the Peruvian Maize- mothers, Coca -mothers, and Potato- mothers, vii. 173 n.
Arrian, on sacrifices to Artemis, ii. 125 sq. • on Attis, v. 282
Arrows, poisoned, not to be used against certain animals, i. 116; in homoeo- pathic magic, i. 143 ; in contagious magic, i. 201, 202 ; fire-tipped, shot at sun during an eclipse, i. 311 ; shot as a rain -charm, i. 396; shot at sacred trees as mark of respect, ii. 1 1 ; to keep off death, iii. 31 ; invisible, of demons, ix. 101, 126 ; used as a love-charm, x. 14 Arsacid house, divinity of Parthian kings
of the, i. 417 sq.
Art, sylvan deities in classical, ii. 45 ;
Demeterand Persephone in, vii. 43^.
Artaxerxes II., his promotion of the
worship of Anaitis, ix. 370 Artemis at Ephesus, i. 7 ; temple dedi- cated to her by Xenophon, i. 7 ; the Asiatic, i. 7 ; vineyards dedicated to, i. 15 ; at Delos, i. 28 ; hair of maidens sacrificed to, before marriage, i. 28 sq. ; birthday of, i. 32, ii. 125; a god- dess of the wild life of nature, i. 35 sq. \ mated with a male coasort, i. 35
166
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
sq. , not originally a virgin goddess, i. 35 sq. ; the patroness of childbirth, i. 37 ; identified with lewd Asiatic goddesses of love and fertility, i. 37 ; the birth of, ii. 58 ; sacrifices to, ii. 125 ; the Huntress, first-fruits of the chase offered to, ii. 125 sq. ; wor- shipped by the Celts, ii. 125 sq. ; at Perga, v. 35 ; name given by Greeks to Asiatic Mother Goddesses, v. 169
Artemis, Aetolian, her sacred grove among the Veneti, i. 27
and Apollo, birthdays of, i. 32 ;
the birth of, ii. 58 ; their priesthood at Ephesus, vi. 243
, Brauronian, sacrifice of a goat to, viii. 41 #.8
of Ephesus, i. 7, 37 sq., ii. 128,
136; her image, i. 37^. ; in relation to the Virgin Mary, i. 38 n.l\ served by eunuch priests, v. 269
the Hanged, v. 291
and Hippolytus, i. 19 sq. , 24 sqq.
, Laphrian, at Patrae, v. 126 n.'2
, Munychian, sacrifice to, iv. 166
tt.1; mock human sacrifice in the ritual of, iv. 215 sq.
Parthenos, i. 36
, Perasian, at Castabala in Cappa-
docia, v. 115, 167 sqq., xi. 14
, Sarpedonian, in Cilicia, v. 167, 171
, Savonian, i. 26
, the Tauric, human sacrifices to, v. 115
— Tauropolis, v. 275 n.1
, Wolfish, i. 26 sq.
Artemisia founds Mausoleum, iv. 94^.; drinks ashes of her husband Mausolus, viii. 158
Artemisia absinthium, wormwood, xi. 58 n.9. 61 n.1
>- laciniata, garlands of, ix, 284
vulgaris, mugwort, gathered at
Midsummer, xi. 58 sqq.
Artemision, a Greek month, vi. 239 n.1, viii. 8
Artictis, the bear-cat, associated with the* spirits of the dead, viii. 294
Artificers, worship of the, viii. 60 sq.
Artoc&rpus integrifolia, jack wood burnt in exorcism, iv. 216
Artois, mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59
Arts and crafts, use of spells or incanta- tions in, ix. 8 1
Aru Archipelago, riddles propounded while a corpse is uncoflfined in the, ix.
121 «.*
Islands, custom of not sleeping after
a death in the, iii. 37, 95 ; children's hair deposited on a banana-tree in the, iii. 276 ; dog's flesh eaten to make eater brave in the, viii. 145
Arum acaule, forbidden as food to the king of Fernando Po, iii. 291
Arunta of Central Australia, magical ceremonies among the, i. 85 sqq. ; custom observed by women during operation of subincision, i. 93 sq. ', the rain or water totem among the, i. 98 ; burial customs of the, i. 102 ; cannibalism among the, i. 106 ; their treatment of the navel-string, i. 183 ; their rain-making ceremonies, i. 259 sqq. \ their belief as to the ghosts of the slain, iii. 177 sq. ; their fear of women's blood, iii. 251 ; ceremonies at the end of mourning among the, iii. 373 sq. ; their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, v. 99, 100 ; their sacred pole, x. 7 ; their dread of women at menstruation, x. 77 ; legend that the ancestors kept their spirits in their churinga, xi. 218 n.8 ; rites of initia- tion among the, xi. 233 sq. ; initiation of medicine-men among the, xi. 238
Arval Brothers, their holy pots, ii. 203 sq. ; expiation for bringing an iron tool into the sacred grove of the, iii. 226 ; their wreaths of corn, v. 44 n., ix. 232 ; a Roman college of priests charged with the performance of rites for the crops, vi. 239, ix. 230, 232 ; their song, ix. 238. See also Fratres Arvales
Aryan custom of leading a bride thrice round the hearth of her new home, ii. 230 ; of counting by nights instead of days, ix. 326 ».2
family, custom of putting the old
and sick to death in several branches of the, iv. 14 ».*; maniage customs of the, vi. 235
god of the oak and thunder, ii. 356
sqq. , x. 265 ; god of the sky, ii. 374 sq.
languages, names for moon and
month in, ix. 325
peoples, descent of kingship through
women among, ii. 280 ; their correction of the lunar year, ix. 342 ; stories of the external soul among, xi. 97 sqq.
stock, tree-worship among all the
great European families of the, ii. 9
tribes of Gilgit revere the chili t a
species of cedar, ii. 49
Aryans, magical powers ascribed to kings among the, i. 366 sqq. ; perpetual fires among the, ii. 260 ; female kinship among the, ii. 283 sqq. ; importance of cattle and milk among the ancient, ii. 324 n. 1 ; the primitive, their theory of personal names, iii. 319 ; their alleged Arctic origin, v. 229 n.1 ; annual fes- tivals of the dead among the, vi. 67 sqq.
of Europe, their oak forests and use
GENERAL INDEX
1*7
of oak-wood, ii. 372, 378 ; agriculture among the early, vii. 129 sq. ; totem ism not proved for the, viii. 4 ; importance of the Midsummer festival among the, xi. 40 ; the oak the chief sacred tree of the, xi. 89 sq.
Aryansof India, transubstantiation among the, viii. 89 sq.
of the Vedic age, ix. 324 ; their
calendar, ix. 325, 342
Aryenis, daughter of Alyattes, v. 133 n.1
Asa, a branch of the Masai, how they dispose of their cut hair and nails, iii. 278
Asaba, on the Lower Niger, chiefs eat in privacy at, iii. 118
Asada, name of a month in Bali, vii. 315
Asakusa, in Tokio, expulsion of the devil on the last day of the year at, ix. 213
Ascalon, the goddess Derceto at, v. 34 «.8, ix. 370 n.1
Ascanius, the son of Aeneas, ii. 197 ; and the Game of Troy, iv. 76
Ascension of Adonis, v. 225
Day, the May-tree in Saxony on,
ii. 69 ; annual pardon of a criminal at Rouen on, ii. 165, 166, 168, 169, ix. 215 sq. \ the "Carrying out of Death" on, at Braller, iv. 222 n.1, 247 sqq. \ cures on Eve of, ix. 54 ; annual ex- pulsion of the devil on, ix. 214 sq. ; bells rung to make flax grow on, ix. 247 sq. ; parasitic rowan should be cut on, xi. 281
Ascent of Persephone, viii. 17
Ascetic idealism of the East, ii. 117
Asceticism not primitive, x. 65
Aschbach, in Bavaria, the Old Man at reaping and threshing at, vii. 219 sq.
Asclepias giganteat man married to, in Barar, ii. 57 «.4
Ash- tree, parings of nails buried under an, iii. 276 ; in popular cure, ix. 57
-trees, children passed through cleft
ash -trees as a cure for rupture or rickets, xi. 168 sqq.
Wednesday, death of Caramantran
on, iv. 220 ; burial of the Carnival on, iv. 221 ; effigies of Carnival or of Shrove Tuesday burnt or buried on, iv. 226, 228 sqq., x. 120; effigy of the Queen of Lent fashioned on, iv. 244 ; pea-soup and pigs' bones eaten on, vii. 300
Ashantee, licence accorded to king's sisters in, ii. 274 sq. ; royal criminals drowned in, iii. 242 sq. ; precaution as to the spittle of the king of, iii. 289 ; kings of, addressed as "Elephant" and "Lion," iv. 86 ; kings of, take one of their titles from borri, a venomous snake, iv. 86 ; human sacrifices at
earthquakes in, v. 201 ; kings of, their human sacrifices, vi. 97 n.1 ; annual period of licence in, ix. 226 n.1
Ashantees, the, sanctity of the king's throne among, i. 365 ; their festivals of new yams, viii. 62 sq. ; ate Sir Charles McCarthy to acquire his bravery, viii. 149
Asherim (singular asherah], sacred poles, in Canaan, iv. 169, v. 18, 18 ».2, 107, 108
Ashes from a pyre used to cause sleep, i. 148 ; of serpents in homoeopathic magic, i. 152 sq ; of spiders in homoeo- pathic magic, i. 152 ; of wasps m homoeopathic magic, i. 152; of a blind cat in homoeopathic magic, i. 153 ; of the dead turned into rain, i. 287 ; scattered as a rain -charm, i. 304; scattered to make sunshine, i. 314 ; of holy fire rubbed on foreheads of warriors, ii. 215 ; of unborn calves used in a fertility charm, ii. 229, 326 ; strewn on the head, iii. 112 ; as manure, vii. 117 ; of human victims scattered on fields, vii. 258 ; of the dead swallowed as a mode of com- munion with them, viii. 156 sqq. ; in divination, x. 243, 244, 245. See also Sticks, Charred
— of bonfires put in fowls' nests, x. 112, 338 ; mixed with seed at sow- ing, x. 121 ; increase fertility of fields, x. 141, 337 ; make cattle thrive, x. 141, 338 ; placed in a person's shoes, x. 1 56 ; administered to cattle to make them fat, xi. 4
of dead smeared on mourner, viii.
164 ; disposal of the, x. ii
of Hallowe'en fires scattered, x. 233
of holy fires a protection against
demons, xi. 8, 17
of human victim scattered with
winnowing-fans, vi. 97, 106, vii. 260, 262 ; scattered on earth to fertilize it, vii. 240 ; scattered on fields, vii. 249, 250, 251
of Midsummer fires strewed on fields
to fertilize them, x. 170, 190, 203 ; a protection against conflagration, x. 174, 196 ; a protection against light- ning, x. 187, 188 ; a protection against thunder, x. 190 ; put by people in their shoes, x. 191 sq. ; a cure for consump- tion, x. 194 sq. \ rubbed by people on their hair or bodies, x. 213, 214, 215 ; good for the eyes, x. 214
of the need-fire strewn on fields to
protect the crops against vermin, x. 274 ; used as a medicine, x. 286
of New Year's fire used to rub sore
eyes, x. 218
168
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Ashes of Yule log strewed on fields, x. 250 ; used to heal swollen glands, x.
25*
Ashintilly, Spaldingof, bewitched, iii. 299
Ashira, the, of West Africa, make fetishes out of clipped hair, iii. 271 sq. \ women the agricultural labourers among, vii. 120
Ashtaroth, Babylonian goddess, ix. 365^.
Ashtoreth (Astarte), v. 18 «.a See Astarte
Ashur, Arab New Year's Day, x. 217, 218
Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, marries daughter of Sanda-sarme, v. 144; con- fused with the legendary Sardanapalus, v. 173 sq., ix. 387 sq. ; carries off the bones of the kings of Elam, vi. 103
Ashwin (Ashvin), Indian month, iv. 55, v. 243
Asia, North- Eastern, the Chuckchees of, ii. 225 ; the Koryaks of, ii. 225, iii. 32 sq.
, Western, Saturnalia in, ix. 354
sqq.
Asia Minor, pontiffs in, i. 47 ; the Yourouks of, ii. 43 ; priestly dynasties of, v. 140 sq. ; subject to volcanic forces, v. 190; subject to earthquakes, v. 202 ; the Caunians of, ix. 116 ; use of human scapegoats by the Greeks of, ix. 255 ; rapid diffusion of Christianity in, ix. 420 sq. ; the Celts m, xi. 89 ; cure for possession by an evil spirit in, xi. 1 86 ; creeping through rifted rocks in, xi. 189
Asiatic goddesses of love and fertility, their lewd worship, i. 37 ; served by eunuch priests, v. 269 sq.
Asin, Indian month, iv. 279
Asongtata, an annual ceremony per- formed by the Garos of Assam, ix. 208
Asopus, the river, ii. 140, 141, v. 81
"A-souling," custom of, in England, vi. 79
Aspalis, a form of Artemis, v. 292
Aspens, fevers transferred to, ix. 57 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315
Aspidiumfilix mas, the male fern, super- stitions as to, xi. 66 sq.
Ass in rain-making ceremony, i. 282 n.4 ; son of a god in the form of an, iv. 124 sq. ; the crest or totem of a royal family, iv. 132, 133 ; in cure for scor- pion's bite, ix. 49 sq. ; introduced into church at Festival of Fools, ix. 335 sq. ; triumphal ride of a buffoon on an, ix. 402 sq. ; child passed under an, as a cuie for whooping-cough, xi. 192 n.1 See also Asses
Assam, viii. 116; the hill tribes of,
taboos in respect of food observed b) headmen and their wives among, iii. n ; taboos observed by warriors among, iii. 165 ; concealment of per- sonal names among, iii. 323 ; genna in, vii. 109 ».2; agriculture in, vii. 123; head-hunting in, vii. 256
Assam, the Khasis of, i. 194, ii. 114 n.1, 294, v. 46, vi. 202 sqq. , ix. 173, xi. 146 ; the Garos of, i. 291, viii. 43 n.1, 116, ix. 208 sq. ; the Miris of, ii. 39, 267 «.4, vii. 123, viii. 145; the Padams of, ii 39 ; the Mundaris of, ii. 46 ; the Bodos of, iii. 285 ; the Dhimals of, iii. 285 ; the Kacha Nagas of, iii. 333 ; the Kukis of, iii. 333 ; the Zemis of, m- 333 I tne Tangkul Nagas of, vi. 57 sqq. , ix. 177; the Nagas of, viii. 100, 290, ix. 177 ; the Kochs of, viii. 116; the Kacharis of, ix. 93; the Lushais of, ix. 94, xi. 185 sq. ; the Tangkuls of, ix. 177
"Assegai, child of the," iv. 183
Assembly of the gods at the New Year in Babylon, ix. 356
Asses crowned at Vesta's festival in June, ii. 127 ».2 ; excluded from sanctuary of Alectrona, viii. 45 ; trans- migration of sinners into, vni. 299, 308. See also Ass
and men, redemption of firstling,
among the Hebrews, iv. 173
Assiga, tribe of South Nigeria, xi. 204
Assimilation of rain-maker to water, i. 260 sqq. ; of Egyptian kings to gods, ii. 133 ; of victims to gods, vn. 261 sq. ; of men to their totems or guardian animals, viii. zjysq. ; of human victims to trees, ix. 257, 259 «.8
Assiniboins, their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 225
Assinie, West African kingdom, custom as to eating the new yams in, viii.
63 Association of ideas, magic based on a
misapplication of the, i. 53, 174, 221
sq. ; common to the animals, i. 234 Associations, religious, among the Indian
tribes of North America, xi. 267 sqq. Assumption of the Virgin in relation to
the festival of Diana, i. 14-16, v. 308,
309
Assusa, king of Fazoql. iv. 16 sq., 17 n.1 Assyria, kings of, their annual homage
to Marduk, iv. 113; festival of Zag-
muk in, iv. 116; Ashurbanipal, king
of, ix. 387 sq. Assyrian cavalry, v. 35 ».*
eponymate, iv. 116 sq.
— — kings took into their harem the
daughters of the vanquished princes,
ix. 368 K.1
GENERAL INDEX
169
Assyrian monarchs, conquerors of Baby- lonia, ix. 356
monuments, illustrative of the arti- ficial fertilization of the date-palm, ii. 25 «., ix. 273 n.1
ritual, use of golden axe in, xi.
Sow.8
settlers in Israel petition for an
Israehtish priest, ii. 288 n.1
Assyrians, their use of knotted cords in magic, iii. 303 sq. ; forbidden to men- tion the mystic names of their cities, iii. 391 ; in Cilicia, v. 173 ; the ancient, their belief in demons, ix. 102
Astarte or Ishtar, a great Babylonian goddess, ix. 365 ; the moon-goddess, iv. 92 ; at Byblus, hair offerings to, i. 30, v. 13 sg. ; her temple at Hierapolis, iii. 286; and the asherim, v, 18; kings as priests of, v. 26 ; at Paphos, v. 33 sqq. ; doves sacred to, v. 147 ; identi- fied with the planet Venus, v. 258 ; of the Syrian Hierapolis served by eunuch priests, v. 269 sq. ; called by Lucian the Assyrian Hera, v. 280 «.6; the Heavenly Goddess, v. 303 ; the planet Venus her star, vi. 35. See also Ishtar
Aphrodite, v. 304 n.
and Semiramis, ix. 369 sqq.
Asteria, mother of the Tyrian Hercules (Melcarth), v. 112
Asthma transferred to a mule, ix. 50
Asti, a Thracian tribe, vii. 26
Aston, W. G. , on the Japanese word for god, iii. 2 «.2 ; on the annual expul- sion of demons in Japan, ix. 212 sq. ; on Japanese and Chinese ceremonies of purification, ix. 213 n.1 ; on Japanese ceremony for averting pestilence, x. 137 sq. ; on the fire-walk in Japan, xi. 10 n.1
Astral spirit of a witch, x. 317
Astrolabe Bay, in New Guinea, ii. 2SS n'1 \ precaution as to spittle in, iii. 289
Astronomical considerations determining the early Greek calendar, iv. 68 sq.
Astronomy, origin of, vii. 307
Astyages, king of the Medes, v. 133 n.1
Asuras, the rivals ^ of the Indian gods, viii. 1 20
Asvattha tree, v. 82
Aswang, an evil spirit, exorcism of, ix. 260
Atai, external soul in the Mota language, xi. 197 sq.
Atalante and her wooers, ii. 301
Atargatis, Syrian goddess, v. 34 n.9, 137 ; worshipped at Hierapolis • Bambyce, v. 162 sq. ; derivation of the name, v. 162 ; her husband-god, v. 162 sq.
Ates, a Phrygian, v. 286
VOL. XII
Ath, in Hainaut, procession of giants at, xi. 36
Athamanes of Epirus, women tilled the ground among the, vii. 129
Athamas, king of Alus, vii. 24, 25 ; and his children, legend of, iv. 161 sqq. ; sentenced to be sacrificed as expiatory offering for the country, iv. 162 ; said to have reigned at Orchomenus, iv. 164 ; the dynasty of, v. 287
Athauasius, on the mourning for Osiris, vi. 217
Athboy, in County Meath, rath near, x. 139
'Atheh, Cilician goddess, v. 162
Athena, hair offered by maidens before marriage to, i. 28 ; mother of Erich- thonius, ii. 199 ; perpetual lamp of, in the Erechtheum, ii. 199 ; at Troy, Locrian maidens in the sanctuary of, ii. 284 ; served by maidens on the Acropolis at Athens, ni. 227 n. ; sacri- fices to, iv. 166 n.1, vii. 56; temple of, at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145 ; and hot springs, v. 209, 210 ; and the aegis, vin. 40, 41 ; priestess of, uses a white umbrella, x. 20 n. l
, Magarsian, a Cilician goddess, v.
169 n*
Sciras, sanctuary of, vi. 238
Athenaeus, on Celtic and Roman in- difference to death, iv. 143
Athenian boys, race of, at the vintage, vi. 238 ; boy carrying an olive-branch in procession, vi. 238
custom of keeping a sacred sei pent
on the Acropolis, iv. 86
festival of swinging, iv. 281
sacrifice of the bouphoma, viii. 4 sqq.
sacrifices to the Seasons, i. 310
Athenians decree divine honours to Demetrius Poliorcetes and his father Antigonus, i. 390 sq. ; prayed to Zeus for rain, ii. 359 ; their tribute of youths and maidens to Minos, iv. 74 ; their superstition as to an eclipse of the moon, vi. 141 ; sacrifice to Dionysus for the fruits of the land, vii. 4 ; the first to receive corn from Demeter, vii. 54 ; claimed to be the fiist to spread the knowledge of corn among man- kind, vii. 54 sqq. ; sacrifice an apple to Hercules, viii. 95 «.2 ; their annual festival of the dead at the Anthesteria, ix. 152 sqq. ; their use of human scape- goats, ix. 253 sq. ; their mode of reckoning a day, ix. 326 «.2; their religious dramas, ix. 384 ; offer cakes to Cronus, x. 153 «.*
Athens, barrow of Hippolytus at, i. 25 ; sacred new fire brought from Delphi to, i. 32 sq. ; King and Queen at, i
M
170
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
44 sq: ; stone of swearing at, i. 160 ; the Eudanemi at, i. 325 n.1; titular king at, ii. i ; marriage of Dionysus at, ii. 136 sq. ; sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera at, ii. 143 n.1 ; female kinship at, ii. 277 ; sacred spots struck by lightning at, ii. 361 ; sacrificial hearth of Lightning Zeus at, ii. 361 ; kings at, iii. 21 sg.\ ritual of cursing at, iii. 75 ; Athena served by maidens on the Acropolis at, iii. 227 n. ; Mid- summer rites of Adonis at, iv. 7 ; the Laurel-bearing Apollo at, iv. 79 «.8 ; funeral games at, iv. 96 ; hand of suicide cut off at, iv. 220 n. ; sacred serpent at, v. 87 ; the Commemora- tion of the Dead at, v. 234 ; sacrifice of an ox at, v. 296 sq. ; marriage custom at, vi. 245 ; Dionysus of the Black Goatskin at, vii. 17 ; Queen of, married to Dionysus, vu. 30 sg. ; sacred ceremony of ploughing at, vu. 31 ; the Prytaneum at, vii. 32 ; sanc- tuary of Green Demeter at, vii. 42, 89 «.a ; first-fruits of the corn sent to, vii. 51, 56, 71; called "the Metro- polis of the Corn," vii. 58 ; Demeter worshipped as Fruit - bearer at, vii. 63 «.14; sanctuary of Earth the Nursing -Mother at, vii. 89 n.2 ; Sacred Ploughing at, vii. 108 n.4, 109 n. 1 ; annual sacrifice of a goat on the Acropolis of, viii. 41 ; ceremony at killing a wolf at, viii. 221 ; the Lyceum at, viii. 283, 284 ; fever transferred to pillar at, ix. 53 ; Cronus and the Cronia at, ix. 351 sq. ; cere- mony of the new fire at Easter in, x. 130
Athis, in Normandy, Christmas bonfires at, x. 266
Athletic competitions among harvesters, vii. 76 sq.
Athos, Mount, mistletoe at, xi. 319, 320 n.
Athribis, heart of Osiris at, vi. n
Athyr, Egyptian month, vi. 8, 41, 49 n.1 ; Osiris murdered on the seventeenth day of, vi. 8, 84 ; festival of Osiris in the month of, vi. 84 sqq. , 91
Atkhans, the, of the Aleutian Islands, transference of sin to weeds among, ix. 3
Atkinson, J. C. , on the treatment of the placentas of mares, i. 199
Atlas, Berbers of the Great, ix. 178
Atlatatonan, Mexican goddess of lepers, ix. 292 ; woman annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 292
Atomic disintegration, viii. 305
Atonement for slain animals, iii. 207 ; to animals for wrong done to them, viii. 310 sq. See also Expiation
Atonement, the Jewish day of, ix. 210
Atonga, the, of British Central Africa, their custom after a death, iii. 286 ; tribe of Lake Nyassa, their theory of earthquakes, v. 199
Atrae, city in Mesopotamia, x. 82
Atreus, king of Mycenae, ii. 279
and Thyestes, i. 365
Attacking the wind, i. 327 sqq.
Attacks on kings permitted, iv. 22, 48 sqq.
Attic months lunar, vii. 52
Attica, traces of female kinship in, ii. 284 ; tradition of sexual communism in, ii. 284 ; Sacred Ploughings in, iii. 108 ; summer festival of Adonis in, v. 226; Flowery Dionysus in, vii. 4; time of threshing in, vin. 4; the killing of an ox formerly a capital crime in, viii. 6 ; vintage custom in, viii. 133
Atticus, his villa on the Quirinal, ii. 182 n.1
Attis, vii. 2, 14, 214 ; priests of Cybele called, v. 140, 285, 287 ; sometimes identified with Adonis, v. 263 ; myth and ritual of, v. 263 sqq. \ beloved by Cybele, v. 263, 282; legends of his death, v. 264; his legend at Pessinus, v. 264 ; his self- mutilation, v. 264 sq. ; and the pine-tree, v. 264, 265, 267, 271, 277 s 285i vi. 98 n.6 ; his eunuch priests, v. 265, 266 ; festival of his death and resurrection in March, v. 267 sqq. , 272 sq. , 307 sq. ; violets sprung from the blood of, v. 267; the mourning for, v. 272 ; bath of bull's blood in the rites of, v. 274 sqq. ; mysteries of, v. 274 sq. ; as a god of vegetation, v. 277 sqq. , 279 ; as the Father God, v. 281 sqq. ; identified with Zeus, v. 282 ; as a sky-god, v. 282 sqq. ; emasculation of, suggested explanation of myth, v. 283 ; his star-spangled cap, v. 284 ; identified with Phrygian moon-god Men Tyr- annus, v. 284 ; human representatives of, v. 285 sqq. ; his relation to Lityerses, vii. 255 sq. ; killed by a boar, viii. 22
Attis, Adonis, Osiris, their mythical simi- larity, v. 6, vi. 201
and Cybele (Mother of the Gods),
i. 1 8, 21, 40, 41 ; perhaps personated by human couples, ix. 386
Attiuoindarons, Indian tribe of Canada, their custom of resuscitating the dead in their namesakes, iii. 366 sq.
Attraction and repulsion in the physical universe, viii. 303 sqq.
Atuat Polynesian term for god or guardian-spirit, i. 387 n.1, viii. 153, 156 ; ancestral spirit, iii. 134, 265
Atys, son of Croesus, his death, v. 286
GENERAL INDEX
171
Atys, early king of Lydia, v. 286 Aubrey, John, on soul-cakes, vi. 78 ; on
sin -eating, ix. 43 sq. ; on the Mid- summer fires, x. 197 Aucas (Araucanians), their custom of
bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue,
ix. 12. See Araucanians Auch, the archbishop of, i. 232 sq. Aufkirchen in Bavaria, burning the Easter
Man at, x. 144
Augsburg, harvest custom near, vii. 298 Augur's staff at Rome, iii. 313 August, procession of wicker giants in,
xi. 36 ist, Festival of the Cross on the,
x. 220
6th, festival of St. Estapin, xi.
188
, the Ides (i3th) of, Diana's day,
i. 12, 14-17 iSth, the day of the Assumption of
the Virgin, i. 14-16
1 8th, feast of Florus and Laurus,
x. 220
Augustine, on the one God, i. 121 n.1 ; on the effeminate priests of the Great Mother, v. 298 ; on the heathen origin of Christmas, v. 305 ; on the discovery of corn by Isis, vi. 116; on Scilacia as the wife of Neptune, vi. 233 ; on the Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 88 ; on Roman deities of the corn, vii. 210 n.3
Augustodunum (Autun), worship of Cy- bele at, v. 279
Augustus as a ruler, i. 216; granted the oak crown, ii. 176 sq. ; reputed a son of Apollo, v. 81 ; celebrates games at Actium, vii. 80 ; triumphal arch of Augustus at Ariminum, xi. 195 n*
Aulus Gellius on the influence of the moon, vi. 132. See also Gellius
Aim, or On, King of Sweden, sacrifices his sons to save his life, iv. 57, 160 sq.t 188, vi. 220
Aunis, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69 sq. ; wonderful herbs gathered on St. John's Eve in, xi. 45 ; St. John's wort in, xi. 55 ; vervain gathered at Mid- summer in, xi. 62 n.* ; four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63
and Saintonge, Midsummer fires in,
x. 192. See Saintonge
Aunts named after their nieces, iii. 332
Aunund, King, in Norse legend, viii. 146
Aurelia Aemilia, a sacred harlot, v. 38
Aurich, in East Friesland, "cutting the hare's tail off " at harvest at, vii. 268, 280
Auricular confession, iii. 214. See Con- fession
Aurohuaca Indians of Colombia, auri-
cular confession among the, iii. 215 sq.t v. 23 «.a
Aurora, one of the New Hebrides, rain- making by means of a stone in, i. 308 ; magic practised on refuse of food in, iii. 127 ; tamaniu in, xi. 198 Aurora Austrahs, fear entertained by the
Kurnai of the, iv. 267 n. 1 Ausonius, on the Ides of August, i. 12 n.9 Aust, E. , on the marriage of the Roman
gods, vi. 236 n.1
Australia, use of magical images among the aborigines of, i. 62 ; cave-paintings in, i. 87 w.1 ; rain-making in, i. 251 sq.t 254-261, 287 sq., 304; dust- columns in, thought to be spirits, i. 331 sq. ; government of old men in aboriginal, i. 334 sq. ; influence of magicians in aboriginal, i. 334 sqq. \ ceremony observed at approaching the camp of another tribe in, iii. 109 ; custom of personal cleanliness observed from superstitious motives among the aborigines of, iii. 158 n.1 ; names of relations tabooed among the aborigines of, iii. 345 sq. ; belief as to ,the re- incarnation of the dead in, v. 99 sqq. ; totemism in, viii. 311 ; demons in, ix. 74 ; annual expulsion of ghosts in, ix. 123 sq. ; dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 76 sqq. ; passing under an arch as a rite of initiation in, xi. 193 n.1; initiation of young men in, xi. 227, 233 sqq. ; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 289 «.2 See also Australian aborigines, New South Wales, Queensland, Victoria
, Central, ceremony to promote th^s
growth of hair in, i. 83 ; magical ceremonies for the supply of food in, i. 85 sqq. ; charm to promote the growth of beards in, i. 153 sq. ; charm to ensure wakefulness in, i. 154 ; churinga (sacred sticks or stones) in, i. 199 ; contagious magic of wounds in, i. 204 ; the Arunta of, i. 259 ; headmen of the totem clans are public magicians in, i. 335 ; the Kaitish of, ii. 105, iii. 82, iv. 60 ; the Warramunga of, ii. 156, ix. 2 ; the Urabunna of, ii. 209 ; the tribes of, do not let women see men's blood, iii. 252 n. ; the aboriginal tribes of, make no magical use of shorn hair, iii. 268 i*.1; concealment of personal names among the aborigines of, iii. 321 sq. \ avoidance of the names of the dead among the tribes of, iii. 351 ; the Luritcha tribe of, iv. 180 n.1, viii. 260 ; magical rites for the revival of nature in, iv. 270 ; the Dieri of, vii. 106, viii. 151, ix. no; use of a species
172
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of Claytonia as food in, vii. 128 ; the aborigines of, their ceremonies for the multiplication of kangaroos, viii. 165 ; the Tjmgilli tribe of, ix. 2 ; pointing sticks or bones in, x. 14 «.3; its desert nature, xi 230 «.2
Australia, Northern, the Anulaof, i. 253, 287; the Tjingilli of, i. 288; homoeo- pathic magic of flesh diet in, viii. 145
, North -West, fat about heart of
great warrior eaten to acquire his courage in, viii. 150 sq.
, South, custom as to the placenta in, i. 183 ; the Dieri of, ii. 29 ; the Narrinyeri of, Hi. 126 sq. , 372, viii. 259 n. ; the Encounter Bay tribe of, iii. 127, 251, 355, 359, 372, vii. 126 ; the Booandik tribe of, iii. 251, 346 ; the Adelaide tribe of, iii. 355 ; the Port Lincoln tribe of, iii. 365 ; first- born children destroyed among some tribes of, iv. 180
, South- Eastern, contagious magic
of footprints in, i. 207 sq. ; contagious magic of bodily impressions among the aborigines of, i. 213 ; belief as to the connexion of frogs with ram in, i 292 sq. ; the Theddora and Ngango tribes of, viii. 151 ; sex totems among the natives of, xi. 214 sqq.
— — , South - Western, medicine - men (doctors) in, i. 336
, Western, belief as to the placenta
in, i. 183 j belief as to water-serpents in, ii. 156 ; names of the dead not mentioned in, iii. 364 ; native women dig for yam roots in, vii. 126 sq. ; the aborigines of, call certain flowering plants "Mothers," vii. 130
Australian aborigines, magical images among the, i. 62 ; ceremonies of initiation among the, i. 92 sgif. ; contagious magic of teeth among the, i. 176; magic of navel -string and afterbirth among the, i. 183 sq. ; magic universally practised but religion nearly unknown among the, i. 234 ; their custom of carrying fire with them, ii. 257 ; their conception of the soul, iii. 27 ; dread of a wife's mother among the, iii. 83 sq. ; die from effects of imagination, iii. 136 ; their fear of menstruous women, iii. 145 ; of Queensland burn women's cut hair, iii. 282 ; burn women's hair after childbirth, iii. 284 ; personal names kept secret among the, iii. 320 sqg.\ their fear of naming the dead, iii. 349 sqq. \ namesakes of the dead change their names among the, iii. 355 sq. ; changes in their languages caused by fear of naming the dead, iii. 358 sqq. ;
their fear of a woman stepping ovei them, iii. 424 ; their beliefs as to shooting stars, iv. 60 sq. , 64 ; their custom of destroying first-born children, iv. 179 sq. ; their custom of killing and eating children, iv. 180 n.1 ; infanti- cide among the, iv. 187 «.6 ; their preparation for marriage, v. 60 ; their belief in conception without sexual intercourse, v. 99 sqq.\ their cuttings for the dead, v. 268 ; division of labour between the sexes in regard to the collection of food among, vii. 126 sqq. \ worshipped the Pleiades as the givers of rain, vii. 307; their belief that the Pleiades were once women, vii. 308 n. ; anoint themselves with the fat of the dead in order to acquire their qualities, viii. 162 sq. ; their objection to breaking the bones of the native bear, viii. 258 «.2 ; their custom of burning the bones of the animals which they eat, viii. 259 n.1 ; their mutilations of the dead, viii. 272 ; their totemism the most primitive known to us, viii. 311 ; said to propitiate the kangaroos which they have killed, viii. 312 n. ; their cure for toothache, ix. 6 ; their belief in demons, ix. 74
Australian blacks afraid of passing under a leaning tree, iii. 250 n.1
custom of placing stones in trees,
i. 318 ; as to blood shed at initiatory rites, rain-making, etc., iii. 244
funeral custom, iv. 92
languages, words for fire and wood
in, xi. 296
magic wrought on cut hair, iii. 269
medicine -man, his recovery of a
lost soul, iii. 54
mode of magically tying up the
inside of an enemy, in. 303
tribes, their custom of knocking out
teeth of boys at initiation, i. 176
way of detaining the sun, i. 318 ;
of hastening the descent of the sun, i. 318 sq.
Australians, the Central, their ceremony for multiplying kangaroos, viii. 165
Austria, dancing or leaping as a charm to make flax grow tall in, i. 138 ; gipsy mode of stopping rain in, i. 295 sq. ; meal offered to the wind in, i. 329 n.6 ; peasants of, their belief in the sensitiveness of trees, ii. 1 8 ; belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424 ; leaping over Midsummer fires in, v. 251; children warned against the Corn -cock in, vii. 276 ; mythical Calf in corn in, vii. 292 ; cure for warts in, ix. 48 ; dances or leaps to make the crops
GENERAL INDEX
'73
grow high in, ix. 238; "Easter Smacks" in, ix. 268 sq. ; custom of young people beating each other on Holy Innocents' Day in, ix. 270 ; weather of the twelve months thought to be determined by the weather of the Twelve Days in, ix. 322 ; weather forecasts in, ix. 323 ; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 172 sqq. ; the Yule log among the Servians of, x. 262 sqq. ; fern-seed at Midsummer in, xi. 65 ; mistletoe used to prevent night- mare in, xi. 85
Austria, Lower, presages as to shadows on St. Sylvester's Day in, iii. 88
, Upper, processions round fields on
St. George's Day in, ii. 344 ; need-fire in, x. 279
Austrian charm to make fruit-trees bear, i. 140 sq.
Autumn, ceremony of the Esquimaux in late, ix. 125
fires, x. 220 sqq.
Autun, procession of goddess at, ii. 144 ; the Festival of Fools at, ix. 335
Auvergne, milk bewitched at Correze in, iii. 93; Lenten 'fires in, x. in sq. ; story of a were- wolf in, x. 308 sq.
Auxerre, the last sheaf called the Corn- mother near, vii. 135; "killing the Bull " at threshing at, vii. 291
Auxesia and Damia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39
Ave Maria bell on Midsummer Eve, xi. 47
Avebury, Lord, on the distinction be- tween religion and magic, i. 225 n. \ on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 146 n. , 273
Avengers of blood, ceremony performed by, before starting, i. 92
Aventine, Diana on the, ii. 128 ; oaks on the, ii. 185
Avernus, Lake, and the Golden Bough, xi. 285 «.2
Aversion of spirits and fairies to iron, iii. 229, 232 sq. ; to innovation among savages, iii. 230 sqq.
Averting ill-luck at marrying a second, third, or fourth wife, ii. 57 n.4
Avestad, in Sweden, heaps of sticks and stones on graves at, ix. 20 sq.
Avoidance of the wife's mother, iii. 83 sqq. ; of common words to deceive spirits or other beings, iii. 416 sqq.
"Awakening of Hercules," festival at Tyre, v. in
Awa-nkonde, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28
"Awasungu, the house of the, " x. 28
Awe, Loch, vii. 165 ; the Old Wife at harvest on, vii. 142
Awemba, Bantu tribe of Rhodesia, their belief in a supreme being, vi. 174 ; their worship of ancestral spirits, vi. 175 ; their prayers to dead kings before going to war, vi. 191 sq. ; woman's part in agriculture among the, vii. 115; among them murderers mutilate their victims in order to disable their ghosts, viii. 272 sq.
Awka in South Nigeria, taboos observed by priest at, x. 4
Awujale, title of chief of the Ijebu tribe, in South Nigeria, iv. 112
Awuna tribes of the Gold Coast, their belief as to the sacredness of their heads, iii. 257
Axe, emblem of Hittite god of thunder- ing sky, v. 134 ; as divine emblem, v. 163 ; symbol of Asiatic thunder-god, v. 183 ; that slew the ox, trial and condemnation of the, viii. 5
, double-headed, symbol of Sandan,
v. 127; carried by Lydian kings, v. 182 ; a palladium of the Heraclid sovereignty, v. 182 ; figured on coins, v. 183 n.
Axim, on the Gold Coast, annual ex- pulsion of the devil at, ix. 131
Ayambori, in Dutch New Guinea, woman's share in agriculture among the Papuans of, vii. 123
Aymara Indians of Peru and Bolivia, their rain-charm by means of frogs, i. 292 ; afraid of being photographed, in. 97 ; their use of a black llama as a scapegoat in time of plague, ix.
*93 Ayrshire, mode of cutting the last corn
in, vii. 154; "cutting the Hare" at
harvest in, vii. 279 Azadirachta Indica in a rain-charm, i.
293
Azazel, a bad angel, in connexion with the Jewish scapegoat, ix. 210 n.4
Azernmour, in Morocco, cairns reared by pilgrims near, ix. 21 ; Midsummer fires at, x. 214
Azores, bonfires and divination on Mid- summer Eve -in the, x. 208 sq. ; fern- seed at Midsummer in the, xi. 66
Aztec mode of keeping sorcerers from houses, iii. 93
priests, their hair unshorn, iii. 359
Aztecs, their view of intoxication as in- spiration, iii. 249 sq. ; their priests, iii. 259 ; their festival at end of fifty-two years, vii. 310 sq. ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 310 sq. ; their sacred new fire, vii. 310 sq. ; eating the god among the, viii. 86 sqq. ; their custom of sacrificing human representa- tives of gods, ix. 275 ; their five supple-
'74
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
mentary days, ix. 339 ; their punish- ment of witches and wizards, xi. 159 Azur, the month of March, ix. 403 Azyingo, Lake, in West Africa, viii. 235
Ba-Bwende, a tribe of the Congo, v.
271 n. Ba-Lua, in the Congo region, will not
pronounce name of their tribe, iii. 330 -Mbala, a Bantu tribe, woman's
share in agriculture among the, vii. 119
— -Pedi, the, of South Africa, grave- diggers not allowed to handle food among, iii. 141 ; women in childbed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 sq. ; their superstitions as to miscarriage in childbed, iii. 153 sq. ; their con- tinence in war, iii. 163 ; continence at building a new village among the, ui. 202 ; their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424
• Ronga, the, of South Africa, their
women employ a child under puberty to light the potter's kiln, ii. 205. See Baronga
— -Sundi, a tribe of the Congo, v. 271 «.
•i. -Thonga, the, of South Africa, grave- diggers not allowed to handle food among the, iii. 141 ; women in child- bed not allowed to handle food, iii. 148 sq. ; attribute drought to concealed miscarriage in childbed, iii. 154; their continence in war, iii. 163 ; continence at building a new village among the, iii. 202 ; their belief as to a woman stepping over their legs, iii. 424. See also Thonga
- — -Yaka, tribe of the Congo State, power of magicians among the, i. 348 ; custom observed by manslayers among the, iii. 186 n.1 \ their use of nail -parings in making treaties, iii. 274
Yanzi, tribe of the Congo State,
the chief as a magician among the, i. 348 sq.
Baal, Semitic god, in relation to Minos and Minotaur, iv. 75 ; the prophets of, their cutting themselves with knives, i. 258 ; human sacrifices to, iv. 167 W- I9S« **• 3S3« 3541 kings claiming affinity with, v. 15 ; royal names com- pounded with, v. 1 6 ; as the god of fertility, v. 26 sq. ; conceived as god who fertilizes land by subterranean water, v. 159 and Beltane, x. 149 j*.1, 150 n.1,
»S7
— — - of the Lebanon, v. 32 — — and Sandan at Tarsus, v. 142 sq.t
161
Baal of Tarsus, v. 117 $qq.t 162 iq. Baalath or Astarte, v. 26, 34
and Baal, v. 27
Gebal, v. 14
Baalbec (Heliopolis), in Syria, v. 28; the ruins at, i. 30 n.s ; sacred prostitution at» v- 37 1 image of Hadad at, v. 163
Baalim, the, lords of underground waters, ii. 159; firstlings and first-fruits offered to the, v. 27 ; called lovers, v. 75 n.
Baba or Boba, name given to last sheaf, vii. 144 sq. ; "the Old Woman," at the Carnival, viii. 332, 333 Babalaivo, a Yoruba priest, ix. 212 Babar Archipelago, ceremony to obtain a child for a barren woman in the, i. 72 ; chastity and fasting of women during absence of warriors in the, i. 131 ; treatment of the afterbirth in the, i. 1 86 ; saturnalia at the marriage of the Sun and Earth in the, ii. 99 ; recovery of lost souls in the, iii. 67 ; souls as shadows in the, iii. 78 ; fatigue transferred to stones in the, ix. 8 sq. ; sickness expelled in a boat from the, ix. 187 Babaruda, girl as rain-maker in Rou-
mania, i. 273
Babine Lake in British Columbia, x. 47 Babites, a Persian sect, their divine head,
i. 402
Baboons, their depredations on crops,
viii. 32 ; sent by evil spirits, ix. no sq.
Baby, effigy of, used to fertilize women,
ix. 245, 249
Babylon, magical images in ancient, i. 66 sq. ; theocratic despotism of ancient, i. 218 ; sanctuary of Bel at, ii. 129 sq. ; festival of Zagmuk at, iv. no, 113, 115 sqq. ; festival of the Sacaea at, iv. 113 sqq. , ix. 354 sqq. ; early kings of, wor- shipped as gods, v. 15 ; worship of Mylitta at, v. 36 ; religious prostitution at, v. 58 ; human wives of Marduk at, v. 71 ; sanctuary of Serapis at, vi. ngn. Babylonia, worship of Tammuz in, v. 6 sqq. ; the moon-god took precedence of the sun-god in ancient, vi. 138 sq. ; belief in demons in ancient, ix. lozsq. ; the star-gazers of, ix. 326 ; conquered by Assyria, ix. 356 ; the feast of Purim in, ix. 393 Babylonian calendar, ix. 398 «.a
Genesis, ix. 410
gods, mortality of the, iv. 5 sq.
hymns to Tammuz, v. 9
kings, divinity of the early, i. 417
legend of creation, iv. 105 sq. , no
myth of Marduk and Tiamat, iv.
105 sq.t 107 sq.
GENERAL INDEX
175
Babylonian witches and wizards, their
use of knotted cords, Hi. 302 Bacchanalia, Purim a Jewish, ix. 363 Bacchanals of Thrace chew ivy, i. 384 ;
tore Pentheus in pieces, vi. 98, vii. 24,
25 ; wore horns, vii. 17 Bacchic frenzy, iv. 164 ; orgies suppressed
by Roman Government, v. 301 «.2 Bacchus, his legendary connexion with
the Athenian festival of swinging, iv.
281, 283
or Dionysus, vii. 2. See Dionysus
Bacchylides as to Croesus on the pyre, v.
175 s?-
Bachofen, J. ]., on Roman kings and the Saturnalia, ii. 313 n.1 ; on the Nonae Caprotinae and the Saturnalia, ii. 314 n.1
Backache at reaping, leaps over the Mid- summer bonfire thought to be a pre- ventive of, x. 165, 1 68, 189, 344 sq. ; set down to witchcraft, x. 343 «., 345 ; at harvest, mugwort a protection against, xi. 59 ; creeping through a holed stone to prevent backache at harvest, xi. 189
Backbone of Osiris represented by the ded pillar, vi. 108 sq.
Bacon, Francis, on anointing weapon that caused wound, i. 202
Bad Country, the, in Victoria, ceremonies observed at entering, iii. 109 sq.
Badache, double-axe, Midsummer King of the, x. 194
Badagas, the, of the Neilgherry Hills, their customs as to sowing and reaping the first grain, viii. 55 ; transfer the sins of the dead to a buffalo calf, ix. 36 ; their fire-walk, xi. 8 sq.
Baddeley, Mr. St. Clair, i. 5 «.a
Baden, homoeopathic magic at sowing in, i. 138 ; St. George's Day in, ii. 337 ; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 74 ; customs as to the last sheaf at harvest in, vii. 283, 292, 298 ; the Corn-goat at threshing in, vii. 286; Lenten fire- custom in, x. 117 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 145 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 167 sqq.
Badham, Rev. Charles, D. D. , his proposed emendation of Euripides, iii. 156 n.
Badham Court oak, in Gloucestershire, xi. 316
Badi, performer at a tight-rope ceremony in India, ix. 197
Badnyak, Yule log, in Servia, x. 259, 263
Badnyi Dan, Christmas Eve, in Servia, x. 258, 263
Badonsachen, King of Burma, claims divinity, i. 400
Badumar, in West Africa, ii. 293
Baduwis, an aboriginal race in the moun- tains of Java, seclusion of their heredi-
tary ruler, iii. 115 sq. ; use no iron in husbandry, iii. 232
Baethgen, F., on goddess 'Hatheh, v. 162 «.3
Baffin Land, the Esquimaux of, i. 113, iii. 32 n.2, 152, 207, 399, viii. 257, ix. 125
Bag, souls of persons deposited in a, in. 63 sq., xi. 142, 153, 155; soul of dying chief caught in a, iv. 199
Baganda, the, of Central Africa, their belief as to the sterilizing influence of barren women, i. 142, ii. 102 ; their treatment of the afterbirth and navel- string, i. 195 sq. , xi. 162 ; spirits of their dead kings preserved in their navel-strings and jawbones, i. 196; their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331 n.z ; their incarnate human god of the Lake Nyanza, i. 395; their belief in the influence of the sexes on vegeta- tion, ii. 101 sq. ; their customs in regard to twins, ii. 102 sq. ; their fire- drill, 11.210 ; their Vestal Virgins, ii. 246; their list of kings, ii. 269 ; their mode of fertilizing women by means of a wild banana- tree, ii. 318 ; stabbed the shadows of enemies, iii. 78 ; their superstition as to shadows, iii. 87 ; their belief as to women stepping over a man's weapons, iii. 423 ; their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. ii ; their worship of the python, v. 86 ; rebirth of the dead among the, v. 92 sq. ; their belief in impreg- nation by the flower of the banana, v. 93 ; their theory of earthquakes, v. 199 ; their presentation of infants to the new moon, vi. 144, 145 ; cere- mony observed by the king at new moon, vi. 147 ; their worship of dead kings, vi. 167 sqq. ; their veneration for the ghosts of dead relations, vi. 191 n.1 ; their pantheon, vi. 196 ; human sacrifices offered to prolong the life of their kings, vi. 223 sqq. ; woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 118 ; their ceremony at eating the new beans, viii. 64 ; significance of stepping over a woman among the, viii. 70 n.1 \ their offerings of first- fruits, viii. 113 ; their precaution against the ghosts of the elephants which they kill, viii. 227 sq. ; dread the ghosts of sheep, viii. 231 ; pro- pitiate the ghosts of slain buffaloes, viii. 231 ; treat ceremonially the first fish caught, viii. 252 sq. ; their custom of mutilating dead enemies, viii. 271 sq. ; their transference of plague to a plantain-tree, ix. 4 sq. ; their trans- ference of sickness to effigies, ix. 7 ; their precautions against the ghosts ol
I76
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
suicides and other unfortunates, ix. 17 sq. ; throw sticks or grass on graves or places of execution of certain persons, ix. 18 ; their worship of the river Nakiza, ix. 27; tiansfer sickness to animals, ix. 32 ; human scapegoats among the, ix. 42 ; chil- dren live apart from their paients among the, x. 23 ».* ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 23 sq. \ their superstition as to women who do not menstruate, x. 24 ; abstain from salt in certain cases, x. 27 sq. \ their dread of menstruous women, x. 80 sq. See also Uganda
Baganda fishermen, taboos observed by, in. 194 sq.
Bagba, a wind-fetish, i. 327, iii, 5
BagcUd, death of the King of the Jinn reported at, iv. 8
Bageshu (Bagishu), the, of Mount Elgon, in Fast Africa, their belief in the re- incarnation of the dead, i. 103, v. 92 ; seclusion and purification of manslayers among, iii. 174
Bagobos of Mindanao, one of the Philip- pines, their human sacrifices at sou ing, vii. 240 ; their way of detaining the soul in the body, iii. 31, 315 ; never utter their own names, iii. 323 sq. ; their theory of earthquakes, v. 200 ; their custom of hanging and spearing human victims, v. 290 sq. ; their pre- tence of feeding their agricultural im- plements at harvest, viii. 124
Baharutsis, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, their worship of ancestors, vi. 179
Bahaus. Set Kayans
Bah i ma of Central Africa, ceremony of adoption among the, i. 75 ; custom of herdbmen at watering their cattle among the, iii. 183 n. ; names of their dead kings not mentioned, iii. 375 i their belief as to dead kings and chiefs, v. 83 n. * ; their worship of the dead, vi. 190 sq. \ their belief in a supreme god Lugaba, vi. 190 ; their belief in transmigration, viii. 288 ; believe that at death their kings turn into lions, and their queens into leopards, viii. 288 ; their transference of abscesses, ix. 6 ; their use of scape- gonts to cure disease among their cattle, ix. 32 ; their dread of men- struous women, x. 80
of Kiziba, vi. 173
of the Uganda Protectorate, ix. 6, 32
Bahnars of Cochin-China, their recall of lost souls, iii. 52, 58 sq.
Bahr-el-Ghazal province, the Golos of the, i. 318 ; ceremony of the new fire in the, x. 134 sq.
aboriginal priest in Mirzapui, ix. 27
Baigas, Dravidian tribe of India, their objection to agriculture, v. 89
Bailey, Mabel, on the May Queen, ii. 88 n.1
Bailly, J. S. , French astronomer, on the Arctic origin of the rites of Adonis, v. 229
Bairu, the, of Kiziba, vi. 173
Rusakh, Indian month (April), iv. 265
Bakairi, the, of Brazil, call bull-roarers " thunder and lightning," xi. 231 sq.
Bakara, a village of Sumatra, i. 398, 399
Baker, F. B. , on relic of tree- worship at Magnesia, i. 386 ».2
Bakers, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 sq. , 205
Baking, continence observed at, iii. 201
forks, witches ride on, xi. 73, 74
Ba"kongs, the, of Borneo, associate the souls of the dead with bear-cats and other animals, viii. 294
Baku, on the Caspian, perpetual fires at, ii. 256, v. 192
Bakuba or Bushongo of the Congo, rule as to persons of royal blood among the, x. 4. See Bushongo
Bakundu of the Carneroons, burial custom of the, viii. 99 ,
Balabulan, a person of the Batta Trinity, ix. 88 n.1
Bald-headed widow, transference of fever to a, ix. 38
Balder, the Norse god, and his lame foal, iii. 305 n.1 \ his body burnt, x. 102 ; worshipped in Norway, x. 104 ; camomile sacred to, xi. 63 ; b.urnt at Midsummer, xi. 87 ; Midsummer sacred to, xi 87 ; a tree-spirit or deity of vegetation, xi. 88 sq. ; his invulner- ability, xi. 94 ; why Balder was thought to shine, xi. 293 ; perhaps a real man deified, xi. 314 sq.
and the mistletoe, x. 101 sq. , xi.
76 sqq. , 302 ; interpreted as a mistletoe- bearing oak, xi. 93 sq. ; his life or death in the mistletoe, xi. 279, 283
, the myth of, x. xor sqq. ; repro«
duced in the Midsummer festival of Scandinavia, xi. 87 ; perhaps drama- tized in ritual, xi. 88 ; Indian parallel to, xi. 280 ; African parallels to, xi. 312 sqq.
Balder's Balefires, name formerly given to Midsummer bonfires in Sweden, x. 172, xi. 87
Grove, x. 104, xi. 315
&alders-brdt Balder's eyelashes, a name for camomile, xi. 63
Baldness a supposed effect of breaking i taboo, iii. 140
GENERAL INDEX
177
Bale, statuette of the Mexican god Xipe at, ix. 291 n.1 ; Lenten fire-custom in the canton of, x. 119
Balefires, Haider's, at Midsummer in Sweden, x. 172 .
Bali, inspired mediums in, i. 378 sq. ; special forms*of speech used in address- ing social superiors in, i. 402 n. ; the rice personified as husband and wife in, vii. 201 sqq, \ observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 314 sq. \ propitia- tion of mice to induce them to spare the fields in, viii. 278 ; belief in demons in, ix. 86 ; periodical expulsion of demons in, ix. 140 ; filing of teeth in, x. 68 «.2; birth- trees in, xi. 164
Balinese, their conduct in an earthquake, v. 198
Balkan Peninsula, the Slavs of the, ii. 237, 241 ; need-fire in the, x. 281
Ball, Valentine, on hook -swinging, iv. 279
Ball, game of, played as a rite, viii. 76, 79 ; played as a magical ceremony, ix. 179 sq, ; in Normandy, ix. 183 sq. ; played to determine the King of Sum- mer, ^x. 195
players, homoeopathic charms em- ployed by, i. 144, 155
Balli Atap, the God of the Roof, among the Kenyahs, ii. 385
Ballinasloe, in County Galway, Candle- mas custom' at, ii. 95 n.
Balls, gold and silver, to imitate the sun and moon, ii. 63
Bally magauran, in County Cavan, ancient idol near, iv. 183
BaKymote, the Book of, iv. 100
Ballyvadlea, in Tipperary, woman burnt as a witch at, x. 323 sq.
Balnagown Loch, in Lismore, witch-hare at, x. 316
Baloi, mythical beings of the Basutos, i. 177; witches and wizards, vi. 104
Balolo, a sea-slug, ix 141. See also Palolo veridis
Balong of the Cameroons, their external souls in animals, xi. 203
Balquhidder, in Perthshire, the harvest Maiden at, vii. 157 ; hill of the fires at, x. 149 ; Hallowe'en bonfires at, x. 232
Balsam plants, wild, as representatives of the harvest goddess, vii. 207
Bahamorrhi&a sagittata, Nutt. , the sun- flower root, superstitions of .Thompson Indians concerning the, viii. 81
Balthasar, one of the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day, ix. 329 sqq.
Balum, a mythical being of German New Guinea, iii. 306
Balum, spirits, vii. 104, ix. 83, xi. 242
Balwe in Westphalia, Burying the Car- nival at, iv. 232 Bam-Margi, Hindoo sect, their use of
magical images, i. 65 Bambaras of the Niger, their sacred
trees, ii. 42 Bam boo -rat sacrificed for riddance of
evils, ix. 208 sq. Bampton-in-the-Bush in Oxfordshire,
May garlands at, ii. 62 Banana, women impregnated by the
flower of the, v. 93 ; shoots beaten to
make them grow, ix. 264 tree, supposed to fertilize barren
women, ii. 318 ; child's hair deposited
on a, iii. 276; afterbirth of child buried
under a, xi. 162, 163, 164 -trees, fruit-bearing, hair deposited
under, iii. 286 Bananas, homoeopathic magic at sowing,
i. 142 ; sown by young children, vii.
US ; cultivated by women, vii. 115,
u 8 ; cultivated in South America, vii.
120, 121 ; cultivated in New Britain,
vii. 123 ; cultivated in New Guinea,
vii. 123; soul of dead man in, viii.
298 ; mode of fertilizing, ix. 264 ; the
cause of human mortality, ix. 303 Banars of Cambodia, their prayers for
the crops, viii. 33 Bancroft, H. H., on the external , souls
of the Zapotecs, -xi. 212 Bandages to prevent the escape of the
soul, iii. 32, 71
Bandiagara, Mount, in Nigeria, iii. 124 Bandicoot in rain-making, i. 288 Bangala, the, of the Upper Congo,
continence observed by fishers and
hunters among, iii. 195 sq. ; names of
fishermen not mentioned among, iii.
330 sq. \ rebirth of dead among, v. 92 ;
women's share in agriculture among,
vii. 119. See also Boloki Bangalas of Angola, elective chieftainship
among the, ii. 293
Bangerang, an Australian tribe, iii. 321 Bangkok, ix. 150 ; human foundation
sacrifices at, iii. 90 Bangweolo, Lake, custom as to sowing
on the islands of, vii. 115 Banished prince, charm to restore a, i.
145 • Banishment of homicide, iv. 69 sq. ; of
evil spirits, ix. 86 Banivas of the Orinoco, their scourging
of girls at puberty, x. 66 sqq. Banjars in West Africa punish their king
for drought or excessive rain, i. 353 Banks' Islanders, their ways of making
sunshine, i. 314 ; their observation of
the Pleiades, vii. 313 ; their story of
the origin of death, ix. 304
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Banks' Islands, magical stones in the, i. 164 ; supernatural power of chiefs in the, i. 338 ; ghosts in stones in the, iii. 80 ; Vanua Lava in the, ni. 85 ; names of relations by marriage tabooed in the, iii. 344 sq, ; burial of women who have died in childbed in the, viii. 97 sq. ; fatigue transferred to stones, sticks, or leaves in the, ix. 9
Banksia, used as fuel by Australian aborigines, ii. 257
Banmanas of Senegambia, their custom at the death of an infant, ix. 261 sq.
Banna, a tribe accustomed to strangle their first-born children, iv. 181 sq.
Banner, Macleod's Fairy, i. 368
Banquets in honour of the spirits of disease, ix. 119
Bantiks of Celebes, their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n.1
Banting in Sarawak, rules observed by women during absence of warriors at, i. 127, 128
Bantu tribes, ancestor-worship among the, ii. 221, vi. 174 sqq. ; their small regard for the ghosts of women, ii. 224 «.4 ; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 82 sqq. ; their worship of dead chiefs or kings, vi. 175 sqq. , 191 sqq. \ cohabitation of husband and wife enjoined as a matter of ritual on certain occasions among the, viii. 70 n.1
tribes of Kavirondo, custom ob- served by manslayers among the, iii. 176 sq. ; their belief as to the effect of eating a totemic animal, viii. 26
— — tribes of South Africa, their ideas as to the virulent infection spread by a woman who has had a miscarriage, iii. 152 sqq* ; their rule as to eating the new corn, viii. in ; their fear of demons, ix. 77 sq.
- tribes of South- East Africa, their
fire-drill, ii. 210 sq.
tribes of West Africa, their belief
in demons, ix. 74
Banyai, chieftainship among the, ii. 292
Banyan-trees revered by the Chinese, ii. 14
Banyoro, the, of Central Africa, foes of the Baganda, ix. 42, 194 ; the king as rain-maker among, i. 348 ; succession to the throne determined by mortal combat among, ii. 322 ; their worship of serpents, v. 86 n.1 See also Unyoro
Baobab-trees thought to be inhabited by mischievous spirits, ii. 34; worshipped, ii. 46 ; goats sacrificed to, ii. 47
Baoules of the Ivory Coast, extraction of chief's soul among the, iii. 70
Baperis or Malekootoos, a Bechuana
tribe, their customs as to their totem
the porcupine, viii. 164 sq. Baptism of bull's blood in the rites of
Cybele, v. 274 sqq. Baptist, St. John the, day of, i. 277.
See St. John
Bar-rekub, king of Samal, v. 15 sq. /ter-tree (Ficus Indica], married to a
mango in India, ii. 25 ; sacred in
India, ii. 43 Bara, a tribe of Madagascar, names of
dead kings not pronounced among
the, iii. 380 country in Madagascar, fear of
being photographed in the, iii. 98 Barabbas and Christ, ix. 417 sqq. Baraka, blessed or magical virtue, in
North Africa, ix. 23 n. , x. 216, 218,
xi. 51 ; of saints, ix. 22 ; of skins of
sacrificed sheep, ix. 265 Baram River, in Sarawak, tree-worship
on the, ii. 38 sq. ; in Borneo, magical
stones on the, iii. 30 Barar, third marriage deemed unlucky
in, ii. 57 «.4 Barat, a ceremony performed in Kjumaon,
ix. 196
Barber, Rev. Dr. W. T. A., on sub- stitutes for capital punishment in
China, iv. 145 n. , 275 Barbosa, Duarte, on the suicide of the
kings of Quilacare, iv. 46 sq. Barce or Alceis, daughter of Antaeus,
ii. 300 sq. Barcelona, ceremony of "Sawing the
Old Woman " at, iv. 242 Barclay, Sheriff, on Hallowe'en, fires, x.
232 Bardney bumpkin, on witch as hare, x.
3*8
Bare -Stripping Hangman, Argyleshire story of the, xi. 129 sq.
Barea, of East Africa, rain-making priest among the, ii. 3 ; women will not name their husbands, iii. 337
and Kunama, their annual festival
of the dead, vi. 66
Barenton, the fountain of, used in rain- making, i. 306, 307
Bari, the, of the Upper Nile, rain-makers as chiefs among, i. 345, 346 sq. ; Rain Kings among, ii. 2
Barito, the, of Borneo, sacrifice cattle instead of human victims, iv. 166 n.1
, river in Borneo, worship of spirits
on the, ix. 87
Bark of sacred tree used to make gar- ments for pregnant women, ii. 58
Barker, W. G. M. Jones, on need-fire in Yorkshire, x. 286 sg.
GENERAL INDEX
179
Barking a tree, old German penalty for, ii. 9
Barley forced for festival, v. 240, 241, 242, 244, 251 sq. ; awarded as a prize in the Eleusinian games, vii. 73, 74, 75 ; oldest cereal cultivated by the Aryans, vii. 132
Bride among the Berbers, vii. 178
sq.
cow at harvest, vii. 289, 290
-harvest, time of, in ancient Greece,
vii. 48, 77
loaf eaten by human scapegoat
before being put to death, ix. 255
-meal and water drunk as a form
of communion with the Barley-Goddess at Eleusis, vii. 161
-mother, the, vii. 131 ; the last
sheaf called the, vii. 135
plant, external soul of prince in a,
xi. 102
seed used to strengthen weakly
children, vii. n
sow at threshing, vii. 298
-water, draught of, as a form of
communion in the Eleusinian mys- teries, vii. 38
and wheat discovered by Isis, vi.
116
-wolf in the last sheaf, vii. 271, 273
Barolongs, a Bantu tribe of South Africa, their worship of ancestors, vi. 179 ; their custom of inoculation, viii. 159 «.4
Baron, R. , on the reverence for dead kings in Madagascar, iii. 380
Baron, S. , on annual expulsion of demons in Tonquin, ix. 147 sq.
Baronga, the, of South Africa, their charm against worms, i. 152 ; their charm against snake -bite, i. 153; their beliefs and customs as to twins, i. 267 sq. ; preserve the hair and nails of dead chiefs, iii. 272 ; their belief as to the state of the spirits of the dead, iv. 10 sq. ; their custom as to falling stars, iv. 61 ; women's part in agriculture among the, vii. 114 sq. ; their mode of freeing the fields from beetles, viii. 280 ; their story of a clan whose external souls were in a cat, xi. 150 sq. See also Ba-Ronga
Barotse or Marotse, a Bantu tribe of the Zambesi, rain- making among the, i. 310 «.7 ; regard their chief as a demi-god, i. 392 sq. ; exorcism after a funeral among the, iii. 107 ; their belief in a supreme god Niambe, vi.
193 ; their worship of dead kings, vi.
194 sq. ', woman's part in agriculture among the, vii. 115; inoculation among the, viii. 159 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 28, 29
Barren cattle driven through fire, x. 203, 338
fruit-trees threatened in order to
make them bear fruit, ii. 20 sqq.
women, charms to procure off- spring for, i. 70 sqq. \ sterilizing in- fluence ascribed to, i. 142 ; embrace a tree to obtain offspring, i. 182 ; thought to conceive through eating nuts of a palm-tree, ii. 51 ; fertilized by trees, ii. 56 sq., 316 sq. ; thought to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 102 ; fertilized by water-spirits, ii. 159 sqq., v. 213 sq., 216; resort to graves in order to get children, v. 90 ; entice souls of dead children to them, v. 94 ; hope to conceive through fertilizing influence of vegetables, xi. 51. See also Childless
Barrenness of women cured by passing
through holed stone, v. 36, with w.4;
removed by serpent, v. 86 ; children
murdered as a remedy for, v. 95 Barricading the road against a ghostly
pursuer, xi. 176 " Barring the fire," i. 231 n.3 Barringtonia, offerings made under a,
in Guadalcanar, viii. 126 Barros, De, Portuguese historian, on
custom of regicide at Passier, iv. 51 sq. Barrows of Halfdan, vi. 100 Barsana, in North India, Hoh bonfires
at, xi. 2, 5 Barsom, bundle of twigs used by Parsee
priests, v. 191 «.a Barth, H., on sculptures at Boghaz-
Keui, v. 133 n.1 Bartle Bay, in British New Guinea,
power of magicians at, i. 338 ; festival
of the wild mango tree at, x. 7 sqq. Barwan, river in Australia, annual ex- pulsion of ghosts on the, ix. 123 Bas Doda, in India, marriage of girls to
the god at, ii. 149 Basagala, the, of Central Africa, changes
in their language caused by their fear
of naming the dead, iii. 361 Bashada, a tribe accustomed to strangle
their first-born children, iv. 181 sq. Bashilange, a tribe of the Congo Basin,
reception of subject chiefs by head
chief among the, iii. 114 Bashkirs, their horse-races at funerals,
iv. 97 Basil, curses at sowing, i. 281 ; the Holy,
plant worshipped in India, ii. 25 sqq. ;
pots of, on St. John's Day in Sicily,
v. 245. See also Tulasi Basilai, officials at Olympia, i. 46 n.4 Basis, physical, of magic, i. 174 sq. ; for
the theory of an external soul, i. 201 Basket, souls gathered into a, iii. 72
i So
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Basoga, the, of Central Africa, form blood-brotherhood with the trees which they fell, ii. 19 sq. ; their punishment of the seduction of a virgin, ii. 112 ; their abhorrence of incest in cattle, ii. 112 sq. ; their pretended human sacri- fice, iv. 215
Basque hunter transformed into bear, xi. 226, 270
story of the external soul, xi. 139
Bassa tribe, of the Cameroons, reputed to be magicians, ix. 120
Bassareus, a title of Dionysus, viii. 282 «.5
Bassari, the, of Togoland, their super- stition as to the mothers of twins, ii. 102 n.1 ; their offerings of new yams, viii. 116
Bassia latifolia worshipped, viii. 119
Bassus, Roman officer, ix. 309
Bastar, province of India, treatment of witches in, xi. 159
Bastard, traveller in Madagascar, iii. 103
, name applied to the last sheaf in
West Prussia, vii. 150
Bastian, Adolf, on extinguishing fires after a death, ii. 268 ; as to sanctity of head in Siam and Burma, iii. 252 sq. ; on animal sacraments among pastoral tribes, viii. 313 ; on the wor- ship of nats in Burma, ix. 96 ».8 ; on rites of initiation in West Africa, xi. 256 sq.
Basutoland, attempts to regulate the calendar in, vii. 116 sq. ; inoculation in, viii. 158 sq., 160
Basutos, use of magical dolls among the, i. 71 ; their custom as to extracted teeth, i. 177 ; their contagious magic of bodily impressions, i. 214; keep all defiled persons from the sight of corn, ii. 112 ; their belief as to the spirits of waterfalls, ii. 157 ; their cus- tom of kindling a new fire after a birth, ii. 239 ; abhor the sea, iii. 10 ; avoidance of wife's mother among the, iii. 85 ; their superstition as to reflections in water, iii. 93 ; their burial custom, iii. 107 ; their purifica- tion of warriors, iii. 172 ; purification of cattle among the, iii. 177 ; their chiefs buried secretly, vi. 104 ; their worship of the dead, vi. 179 sq. ; their customs as to the new corn, viii. no ; their sacrifice of first-fruits, viii. no; eat the hearts of brave men to make themselves brave, viii. 148 ; their custom of placing stones on cairns, ix. 30 «.2 ; their seclusion of girls at puberty, x. 31
Bata and Anpu, ancient Egyptian story of, xi. 134 sqq.
Bataks or Battas of Sumatra, their theory of earthquakes, v. 199 sq. ; their tondi, the soul of human beings and of rice, vii. 182. See Battas
Batang Lupar, in Borneo, the Dyaks of, their " lying heaps," ix. 14
Lupars of Borneo, the foes of the
Kayans, vii. 96
Bataraguru, a person of the Batta Trinity, v. 199 sq. , ix. 88 n.1
Batari Sri, a goddess in Lombok, vii. 202
Batavia, rain-making by means of a cat in, i. 289
Batchelor, Rev. J., on the Aino cere- mony with the new millet, viii. 52 ; on the Aino kamui, vm. 180 w.2 ; on the bear as a totem or god of the Ainos, viii. 180, 198 ; on the suckling of bears by the Aino women, viii. 182 «.a ; on the bear- festivals of the Ainos, viii. 183 sq. ; on the inao of the Ainos, viii. 186 «. ; on the Aino belief in the icsurrection of animals, viii. 201 ; his purification after visiting an Aino grave, ix. 261
Bath before marriage, intention of, ii. 162 ; of ox blood, iv. 35, 201 ; in river at the rites of Cybele, v. 273, 274 n. ; of bull's blood in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sqq. \ of image of Cybele perhaps a rain-charm, v. 280
of Aphrodite, v. 280
of Derneter, v. 280
of Hera in the river Burrha, v. 280 ;
in the spring of Canathus, v. 280
Bathing and washing forbidden to rain- doctor when he wishes to prevent rain from falling, i. 271, 272 ; bathing as a rain-charm, i. 277 sq. ; (washing) as a ceremonial purification, iii. 141, 142, 150, 153, 168, 169, 172, 173, 175, 179. 183, 192, 198, 219, 220, 222, 285, 286 ; forbidden, vii. 94
on St. John's Day or Eve (Mid- summer Day or Eve), v. 246 sqq. ; pagan origin of the custom, v. 249
at Easter, x. 123 ; at Midsummer,
x. 208, 210, 216, xi. 29 sqq. ; thought to be dangerous on Midsummer Day, xi. 26 sq.
Baths of Hercules, v. 212
of Solomon in Moab, v. 215
Baton of Sinope, on the Thessalian
festival Peloria, ix. 350 Batoo Bedano, an earthquake god in
Nias, v. 202 Bats, souls of dead in, viii. 287 ; the
lives of men in, xi. 215 sq.t 217;
called men's " brothers, " xi. 215, 216,
218 Batta magicians exorcize demons by
means of images, viii. 102
GENERAL INDEX
181
Battambang, a province of Siam, cere- mony to procure rain in, i. 299
Battas or Bataks of Sumatra, magical images among the, i. 71 sq. ; their belief as to the placenta, i. 193 ; fight the storm, i. 330 ; worship a prince as a deity, i. 398 sq. \ revere the Sultan of Minangkabau, i. 399 ; their sacred trees, ii. 41 ; think that fornication and incest injure the crops, ii. 108 ; their use of rice to prevent the soul from wandering, iii. 34 sq. ; their recall of lost souls, iii. 45 sqq. ; their belief in the transmigration of souls, iii. 65 ; afraid of being photographed, iii. 99 ; ceremony at the reception of a traveller among the, iii. 104 ; their custom as to eating, iii. 116; untie things to facilitate childbirth, iii. 296 sq. ; names of relations tabooed among the, iii. 338 sq. ; use a special language in searching for camphor, iii. 405 sq. ; their personification ot the rice, vii. 196 ; their observation of Orion and the Pleiades, vii. 315 ; their ceremonies at killing a tiger, viii. 216 sq. ; believe that the souls of the dead often trans- migrate into tigers, viii. 293 ; their use of swallows as scapegoats, ix. 34 sq. ; their belief in demons, ix. 87 sq. ; their belief in a Trinity, ix. 88 n.1 ; their use of human scapegoats, ix 213; their doctrine of the plurality of souls, xi. 223 ; their totemic system, xi. 224 sqq. See also Bataks
Battel, Andrew, on the king of Loango, iii. 117 sq. ; on the colour of negro children at birth, xi. 251 n.1
Battle, purificatory ceremonies after a, iii. 165 sqq. , vi. 251 sq. ; mock, viii. 75 ; annual, among boys in Tumleo, ix.
143
of the gods and giants, v. 157
of Summer and Winter, iv. 254
sqq.
Battle-axe, sacred golden, i. 365
Battus, king of Gyrene, i. 47
Baudissin, W. W. Graf von, on Tarn- muz and Adonis, v. 6 n.1 \ on Adonis as the personification of the spring vegetation, v. 228 «.6 ; on summer festival of Adonis, v. 232 n. ; on Linus song, vii. 216 ;*.4
Baumeister, A., on the date of the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, vii. 35 n.1
Bautz, Dr. Joseph, on hell fire, iv. 136 n.i
Bavaria, custom as to cast teeth in, i. 178 ; greasing the weapon instead of the wound which it inflicted, in, i. 204 ; green bushes placed at doors of newly- married pairs in, ii. 56 ; the May-
pole renewed every few years in, ii. 70 ; the Walber in, ii. 75 ; drama of the Slaying of the Dragon at Furth in, ii. 163 sq. ; Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 206 sq. ; carrying out Death in, iv. 233 sqq. ; dramatic contests between Summer and Winter in, iv. 255 sq. ; gardens of Adonis in, v. 244 ; Dinkels- btihl in, vii. 133 ; Weiden in, vii. 139 ; harvest customs in, vii. 147, 148, 150, 219 sq. , 221 sq., 223, 232, 282, 286, 287, 289, 296, 298, 299 ; the thresher of the last corn obliged to ' ' carry the Pig " in, vii. 299 ; cure for fever in, ix. 49 ; annual expulsion of witches on Walpurgis Night in, ix. 159 sq. ; old Mrs. Perchta (a mythical old woman) in, ix. 240 sq. ; mode of reckon- ing the Twelve Days in, ix. 327 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 143 sq. ; belief as to eclipses in, x. 162 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 164 sqq. ; leaf-clad mummer at Midsummer in, xi. 26 ; the divining- rod in, xi. 67 sq. ; peasants' belief as to hazel m, xi. 69 n. • creeping through a holed stone or narrow opening in, xi. 1 88 sq.
Bavaria, Rhenish, treatment of the navel- string in, i. 198 ; homoeopathic treat- ment of a broken leg in, i. 205 ; leaf- clad mummer at Whitsuntide in, ii. 8 1 ; gout transferred to willow -bush in, ix. 56
, Upper, the bride-race in, ii. 304 ;
ceremonies on Ascension Day in villages of, ix. 215 ; use of mistletoe in, xi. 85 «.4
Bavarian charm at sowing wheat, i. 137; to make fruit-trees bear, i. 140 sq.
farmers will not name the fox, iii.
396
peasants, their homoeopathic magic
as to fruit-trees, i. 143
saying as to crossed legs, iii. 299
Bavili, the, of Loango, their belief that certain unlawful marriages are punished by God with drought, ii. 112 ; tamper- ing with people's shadows among, iii. 78 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among, x. 31
Bawenda, tribe of the Transvaal, their chief a rain-maker, i. 351 ; special terms used with reference to persons of the blood royal among the, {.401 n.8 ; blood of princes not to be shed among the, iii. 243 ; their custom of placing stones in the forks of trees, ix. 30 w.2 ; the positions of their villages hidden, vi. 251
Bayazid, the Sultan, and his soul, iii. 50
Bay field, M. A., on the punishment of unfaithful Vestals, ii. 228 ».6
182
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Beal-fires on Midsummer Eve in York- shire, x. 198
Bealltaine, May Day, iii. zz. See Beltane
Bean, sprouting of, in superstitious cere- mony, i. 266 ; the budding of a, as an omen, ii. 344
, King of the, ix. 313 sq., x. 153
n.1 ; Queen of the, ix. 313, 315
clan among the Baganda, ix. 27
-cock at harvest, vii. 276
-goat among the beans, vii. 282
Beans in ceremony performed by parents of twins in Peru, i. 266, ii. 102 n.1 ; not to be touched or named by the Flamen Dialis, ii. 248, iii. 13 sq. ; in magical rite, vii. 9 sq. ; the Spirit of, conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177 ; cultivated in Burma, vii. 242 ; ceremony at eating the new, viii. 64 ; forbid- den as food by Empedocles, viii. 301 ; thrown about the house at the expulsion of demons, ix. 143 sq. \ thrown about the house at the expul- sion of ghosts, ix. 155 ; divination by, on Midsummer Eve, x. 209
Bear, customs observed by Lapps after killing a, iii. 221 ; ambiguous attitude of the Ainos towards the, viii. 180 sqq. , 310 sq. ; importance of the, for people of Siberia, viii. 191 ; the corn -spirit as a, viii. 325 sqq. ; external soul of warrior in a, xi. 151; Basque hunter transformed into a, xi. 226, 270 ; simu- lated transformation of novice into a, xi. 274 sq. See also Bears
— , the Great, constellation, vii. 315 ; the soul of Typhon in, iv. 5
— , the polar, taboos concerning, iii. 209
— cats, souls of dead in, viii. 294
clan of the Moquis, descended from
bears, viii. 178 ; of the Otawa Indians, their propitiation of slain bears, viii. 224 sq. ; of the Niska Indians, xi. 271, 272 n.1
— — -dance of man who pretends to be a bear, xi. 274
dances, viii. 191, 195
— — — -festivals of the Ainos, viii. 182 sqq. ; of the Gilyaks, viii. 190 sqq. ; of the Goldi, viii. 197 ; of the Orotchis, viii. 197
— -hunting, continence before, iii. 197. 198
— -skin worn by woman dancer, viii. 223
Bear's bile and heart eaten to make the
eater brave, viii. 146 flesh, a person who has eaten of,
obliged to abstain from fish for a year,
viii. 251
Bear's heart eaten, viii. 146
' 4 little tongue " removed by Ameri
can Indian hunters, viii. 269
liver, as a medicine, viii. 187 sq.
skin, Lapp women shoot blindfold
at a, xi. 280 n. " Beard of Volos," vii. 233 Beard, the first, consecrated, i. 29 Bearded Venus, in Cjprus, v. 165, vi.
259 «.3 "Beardless One, the Ride of the," a
Persian ceremony, ix. 402 sq. Beards, homoeopathic magic to promote
the growth of, i 153!^.; not pulled
out by chiefs and sorcerers, iii. 260 Bearers to carry royal personages, x.
3 *?•
Bears sacrificed by the Gilyaks of Saghalien, iii. 370 ; not to be called by their proper names, iii. 397 sq. , 399, 402 ; killed ceremonially by the Ainos, viii. 1 80 sqq. ; souls of dead in, viii. 286 sq. ; processions with, in Europe, viii. 326 «.*
, slain, propitiated by Kamtchat-
kans, Ostiaks, Koryaks, Finns, and Lapps, viii. 222 sqq. ; by American Indians, viii. 224 sqq. See also Bear
Beast, the number of the, iv. 44
Beasts, sacred Egyptian, offerings to the, i. 29 sq. ; sacred, held responsible for the course of nature in ancient Egypt,
i- 354
Beathag, the lucky well of, i. 323 Beating as a mode of purification, ix.
262, x. 61, 64 sqq.
the air to drive away demons or
ghosts, iii. 373, ix. 109, nz, 115, 122, 131, 152, 156, 234
boys with leg-bone of eagle-hawk,
viii. 165 «.2
cattle to make them fat or fruitful,
iv. 236
effigy of ox with rods in China,
viii. ii sq.
floors or walls of houses to drive
away ghosts, iii. 168, 170
frogs as a rain-charm, i. 292
girls at puberty, x. 61, 66 sq.
human scapegoats, ix. 196, 252,
255, 256 sq., 272 sq. a man clad in a cow's hide on last
day of year, viii. 322 sqq.
a man's garments instead of the
man, i. 206 sq.
people for good luck, vii. 309 ; as
a mode of conveying good qualities, ix. 262 sqq. ; with skins of sacrificial victims, ix. 265 ; with green boughs, ix. 270 sqq. ; to stimulate the repro- ductive powers, ix. 272
persons, animals, or things to
GENERAL INDEX
'83
deliver them from demons and ghosts, ix. 259 sqq.
Beating with rods in rain-making, i. 257 sq.
the sea with rods as a rain-charm,
i. 30*
Beauce, the great mondard in, viii. 6 ; festival of torches in, x. 113 ; story of a were- wolf in, x. 309
Beauce and Perche, treatment of the navel- string in, i. 198 ; conflagrations sup- posed to be extinguished by priests in, i. 231 n.3 ; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 67 ; fever transferred to an aspen in, ix. 57 ; cure for toothache in, ix. 62 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 188
Beaufort, F. , on perpetual flame in Lycia, v. 222 n.
Beauty and the Beast type of tale, iv. 125 sqq.
Beauvais, the Festival of Fools at, ix.
335 •*?•
Beaver asked to give a new tooth, i. 180; the Great, prayers offered by beaver- hunters to, viii. 240
clan of the Carrier Indians, xi. 273
Beavers, their bones not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 238 sqq. ; their blood not allowed to fall on ground, viii. 240
Bechuana charms, i. 150 sq.
king, cure of, ix. 31 sq.
Bechuanas, the, of South Africa, their homoeopathic charms made from animals, i. 150 sq. ; their sacrifice for rain, i. 291 ; their ceremony to cause the sun to shine, i. 313 ; the hack-thorn sacred among the, ii. 48 sq. ; their puri- fication after a journey, iii. 112, 285 ; their purification of manslayers, iii. 172 sq. , 174 ; will not tell their stories before sunset, iii. 384; think it unlucky to speak of the lion by his proper name, in. 400 ; their fear of meteors, iv. 61 ; their ritual at founding a new town, vi. 249 ; their sacrifice of a blind bull on various occasions, vi. 249, 250 sq. ; human sacrifices for the crops among the, vii. 240 ; their observation of the Ple- iades, vii. 316 ; of the Crocodile clan, their fear of meeting or seeing a croco- dile, viii. 28 ; their ceremonies before eating the new fruits, viii. 69 sq. ; the Baperis, a tribe of, viii. 164 ; their custom of mutilating an ox after a battle, viii. 271 ; their belief as to sym- pathetic relation of man to wounded crocodile, xi. 210 sq.
B«d of absent hunter or warrior not to be used, i. 123, 127, 128, 129 ; feet of, smeared with mud, iii. 14 ; prohibition to sleep in a, hi. 194. See also Beds
Bed-clothes, contagious magic of bodily
impressions on, i. 213 Bedding at home not to be raised in the
absence of hunters, i. 121 Bede, on the succession of Pictish kings,
ii. 286 ; on the Feast of All Saints, vi. 83 Bedouins of East Africa attack whirl-
winds, i. 331 ; regard an acacia- tree as
sacred, ii. 42 ; fire-drill of the ancient,
ii. 209 ; annual festival of the Sinaitic,
iv. 97
Bedriacum, the battle of, iv. 140, ix. 416 Beds of absent hunters, children not to
play on, i. 123 Bee, external soul of an ogre in a, xi.
1 01. See also Bees Beech, M. W. H., on serpent- worship
among the Suk, v. 85 Beech or fir used to make the Yule log,
x. 249 tree in sacred grove of Diana, i.
40 ; burnt in Lenten bonfire, x. 115 sq.
-woods of Denmark, ii. 351
Beeches of Latium, ii. 188 ; struck by
lightning, proportion of, xi. 298 sq. ;
free from mistletoe, xi. 315 Beef and milk not to be eaten at the
same meal, ni. 292 Beena marriage, ii. 271 ; in Ceylon, vi.
215
Beer, continence observed at brewing, in. 200 ; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 2 n.1 ; drunk out of dead king's skull as means of inspiration, viii. 150
Bees on image of Artemis at Ephesus, i. 37; the King Bees (Essenes) at Ephesus, ii. 135 sq. ; the sting of, a popular cure for rheumatism, iii. 106 n.z ; trans- migration of quiet people into, viii. 308 ; thought to be killed by men- struous women, x. 96 ; ashes of bon- fires used to cure ailments of, x. 142
Beetle, in magic, i. 152 ; external soul in a, xi. 138, 140
Beetles, superstitious precautions against, viii. 279, 280
Befana at Rome and elsewhere, ix. 167
Begbie, General, v. 62 n.
Begetting novices anew at initiation, pretence of, xi. 248
Beggar, name given to last sheaf, vii. 231 sq.
-man, the binder of the last sheaf
called the, vii. 231
Behanzin, king of Dahomey, represented with the head and body of a fish, iv.
85
Behar district of India, virtue ascribed to abuse in, i. 279 ; rain-charm by means of a stone in, i. 305 ; "wives of the snake " in, ii. 149 ; custom of swinging in, iv. 279 ; bullocks let loose on
184
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
eleventh day of mourning in, ix. 37 ».4 ; the fire-walk in, xi. 5
Beheading the King, a Whitsuntide pageant in Bohemia, iv. 209 sq.
Whitsuntide mummers, pretence of,
iv. 206 sqq.
Beifuss, German name for mugwort, xi. 60 «.6
Bekes, in Hungary, mode of fertilizing women in, ix. 264
Heku, dwarf tribe of West Africa, their magical ointment for acquiring the power of the dead, vhi. 163 sq.
Bel or Marduk, a Babylonian deity, v. 71 ; his human wife, li. 129 sq. ; identi- fied with Zeus, ix. 389 ; created the world by cleaving the monster Tiamat in two, ix. 410 ; the fires of, x. 147,
157. IS8 SV*
Belep, the, of New Caledonia, their charm to disable an enemy, i. 150
Beleth, John, his Rationale Divinorum Officiorum quoted, x. 161 n.2
Belethus, J., on "Easter Smacks," ix. 270 n.
Belfast, the last sheaf called Granny near, vii. 136
Belford, in Northumberland, the Yule log at, x. 256
Belgian cure for fever, ix. 56 n. 1
Belgium, mirrors covered after a death in, iii. 95 ; cut hair burnt in, iii. 283 ; belief as to stepping over a child in, iii. 424 ; belief as to meteors in, iv. 67 ; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70 ; fox's tongue a remedy for erysipelas in, viii. 270 ; the King of the Bean in, ix. 313 ; the three mythical kings on Twelfth Day in, ix. 329 ; Lenten fires in, x. 107 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 194 sq. ; the Yule log in, x. 249 ; bathing on Midsummer Day in, xi. 30 ; divination by flowers on Mid- summer Eve in, xi. 53 ; mugwort gathered on St. John's Day or Eve in, xi. 59 sq. ; vervain gathered on St. John's Day in, xi. 62 ; four -leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63 ; the witches' Sabbath in, xi. 73
Bell -ringing as a charm to dispel evil influences, ii. 343 sq. See Bells
Bella Coola (Bilqula) Indians of British Columbia, their conception of the soul as a bird, iii. 34 ; their cannibal rites, vii. 20 ; their masked dances, ix. 376 «.2 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46 ; custom of mourners among the, xi. 174
Bellerophon and Pegasus, v. 302 «.4
3elli-Paaro society in West Africa, rites of initiation in the, xi. 257 sqq.
3ellochroy, enchanter at, x. 290
Bellona and Mars, vi. 231
Bells, carried by leaf-clad mummers, il 83, 84 sq. ; worn by father of twins, ii. 102 ; rung to drive away witches, ii. 127 ; hung en cattle on St. George's Day, ii. 332 ; used in exorcism, iii. 1 02 ; rung to conjure spirits, iii. 120 ; worn as amulets, iii. 235 ; worn by mummers, vii. 26, 28, viii. 332, 333, ix. 242, 243, 244, 246 sqq., 250 sq. ; attached to hobby-horse, viii. 337 sq. \ on animal used as scapegoat, ix. 37 ; rung to expel demons, ix. 117, 118 ; rung as a protection against witches, ix. 157, 158, 159, 161, 165, 166 ; used in the expulsion of evils, ix. 196, 200 ; used at the expulsion of demons, ix. 20 [, 214, 246 sq. , 251 ; worn by dancers, ix. 242, 243, 246 sqq. , 250 sq. \ used to exorcize storm fiend, ix. 246 ; rung to make grass and flax grow, ix. 247 sq. ; golden, worn by human representatives of gods in Mexico, ix. 278, 280, 284 ; worn by priest in exorcism, x. 5 ; on priest's legs, xi. 8
, church, silenced in Holy Week, x.
123, 125 n.1 1 rung on Midsummer Eve, xi. 47 sq. ; rung to drive away witches, xi. 73
Beltana, in South Australia, first-born children destroyed among the tribes about, iv. 1 80
Beltane, the Celtic May Day, x. 146 sqq. ; popularly derived from Baal, x. 149 n.1, 150 n.1 ; the need-fire at, x. 293 ; the Yellow Day of, x. 293 ; sheep passed through a hoop at, xi. 184
cakes, x. 148 sq.t 150, 152, 153,
154. 155
carline, x. 148, 153
Eve (the Eve of May Day), pre- cautions against witchcraft on, ii. 53 ; a witching time, x. 295
fire, pretence of throwing a man
into the, x. 148, xi. 25 ; kindled by the friction of oak-wood, x. 148, 155, xi. 91
fires in Scotland, x. 146 sqq. ; in
Wales, x. 155 sq. ; in Ireland, x. 157 sq. ; in Nottinghamshire, x. 157
and Hallowe'en the two chief fire- festivals of the British Celts, xi. 40 sq.
Belty, the parish of, sacred trees in, ii.
44
Ben Cruachan on Loch Awe, vii. 142 Ben-hadad, king of Damascus, v. 15 Benametapa, the king of, in East Africa,
x. 135 Benares, the clod festival at, i. 279 ;
Hindoo gentleman worshipped as a
god at, i. 404 ; serpent in likeness of
Brahman at, iv. 132
GENERAL INDEX
185
Bendall, Professor C., v. 229 n.1 Beneficent powers of tree-spirits, ii. 45^^. Benefit of clergy, v. 68 Benefits conferred by magic, i. 218 sq. Benfey, Th. , on Buddhist animism, ii. 13 ; on story of Pururavas and Urvasi, iv.
Bengal, rain -making in, i. 278, 283, 284 «. ; the Maghs of, ii. 38 ; mar- riage ceremony at the digging of wells in, ii. 146 ; the Oraons of, ii 148, viii. 117 ; mourners touch a coral ring in, in. 315 ; Bengalee women, their euphemisms for snakes and thieves, iii. 402 ; kings of, their rule of succes- sion, iv. 51; the Oraons and Mundas of, v. 46, 240, xi. 311 ; the Korwas of, vii. 123; the Hos of, viii. 117; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 68 ; stories of the external soul in, xi. 101 sq.t 102
Bengkali, East Indian island, swinging as a religious rite in, iv. 277 sq.
Bengweolo, Lake, in Central Africa, state governed by a queen near, ii. 277
Beni Ahsen, a tribe in Morocco, their Midsummer fires, x. 215 sq. ; their precaution at bathing on Midsummer Day, xi. 31
Chougran tribe of North Africa,
their rain-charm by means of a black cow, i. 290
Mgild, a Berber tribe of Morocco,
their Midsummer fires, x. 215
Snous, the, of Morocco, their Mid- summer rites, x. 216
Benin, belief as to twins in, i. 265 ; rule as to the Queen - mother of, iii. 86 ; ceremony at the reception of strangers in. iii. 108 ; kings of, not allowed to quit their palace, iii. 123 ; kings of, put their brothers to death, iii. 243 ; human victims crucified at, v. 294 n. 3 ; human sacrifices for the crops at, vii. 240 ; festival of the new yams at, viii. 63 sq. ; time of the "grand devils" in, ix. 131 sq.
, king of, worshipped as a god, i.
396, iii. 123 ; represented with pan- ther's whiskers, iv. 85 sq. ; human sacrifices at the burial of a, iv. 139 sq.
Bennett, George, on the placenta in New Zealand, i. 182 sq.
Bennisch district of Silesia, custom at threshing in the, vii. 148
Benomotapa, king of, his sacred fire, ii. 264
Benson, E. F. , on May Day custom in Cornwall, ii. 52
Bent, J. Theodore, discovers ruins of Olba, v. 151 ; identifies site of Hiero-
VOL. XII
polis-Castabala, v. 168 n.1 ; on passing
sick children through a cleft oak, xi.
172 Bentley, Kichard, as to the soul on the
lips, iii. 33 n.3 Benue River, tributary of the Niger, the
Jukos of the, iv. 34, vni. 160 ; the
Igbiras of the, vni. 115 Benvenuto Cellini, his alleged halo, ii.
197 «.8 Benzoni, G. , Italian historian, on Vira-
cocchie, i. 57 n. Bera Pennu, Earth Goddess of the
Khonds, human sacrifices to, vii. 245 Berar, sacred groves in, ii. 41 sq. Berawans of Sarawak, ceremony of
adoption among the, i. 74 sq. Berber belief as to water at Midsummer,
xi. 31
tale, milk-tie in a, xi. 138 n.*
Berbers of North Africa, the Barley
Bride among the, vii. 178 sq. ; their
Midsummer customs, x. 213 sqq. , 219 Berecynthia, title of Cybele, v. 279 «.4 Berenger-Feraud, L. J. B. , on the Festival
of Fools, ix. 334 sq. Berenice and Ptolemy, annual festival in
their honour, vi. 35 n.1 Bergell, in the Gnsons, bells rung to
make the grass grow at, ix. 247 Bergen, Midsummer bonfires at, x. 171 Bergkirchen, horse-races after harvest at,
vii. 76' Bergslagsharad, in Sweden, the Yule
Goat at, viii. 327 Bering Strait, the Esquimaux of, i. 9, 70,
iii. 96, 205, 206, 228, 328, 371, 399,
viii. 150, 247 Berkhampstead, in Hertfordshire, ague
transfened to oaks at, ix. 57 sq. Berkshire, May garlands in, ii. 60 Berleburg, in Westphalia, the Yule log
at, x. 248 Berlin, fox's teeth as an amulet in, i.
1 80 ; treatment of the navel-string in,
i. 198 ; curses for good luck in, i. 281 ;
insignia of royal family of Hawaii at,
i. 388 n.9 ; the Ethnological Museum
at, i. 388 «.8, ix. 70 w.1; the divining- rod at, xi. 68 Bern, Midsummer fires in the canton of,
x. 172 ; the Yule log in the canton of,
x. 249 ; witches put to death in the
canton of, xi. 42 n.2 Bernara, the harvest Cailleach in, vii.
166 Berneck, in Upper Franken, custom at
threshing at, vii. 148 Bernera, on the west of Lewis, customs
as to the last corn cut in, vii. 140 sq. Bernkastel, on the Moselle, the harvest
Goat at, vii. 285
N
i86
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Berosus, Babylonian historian, on the festival of the Sacaea, iv. 113 sq., vii. 258 j?., ix. 355, 358, 359
Berries, the first of the season, cere- monies before eating, viii. 80 sqq.
Berry, province of France, ceremony of "Sawing the Old Woman" in, iv. 241 sq. ; the calf at harvest in, vii. 292; "seeing the Horse" at harvest in, vii. 294 ; Lenten fire custom in, x. 115; Midsummer fires in, x. 189; the Yule log in, x. 251 sq, ; four-leaved clover at Midsummer in, xi. 63
Bertat, a people on the Blue Nile, their orgiastic annual festivals, iv. 16 n*
Berwickshire, kirn-dollies of last corn at harvest in, vii. 153 sq.
Bes, grotesque Egyptian god, ii. 133, v. 118 n.1
Besbau, near Luckau, races after harvest at, vii. 76
Besisis of the Malay Peninsula, their dread of noon, iii. 87 ; their carnival at rice-harvest, ix. 226 n.1
Besoms placed crosswise at doors of cattle -stalls as a protection against witches, ii. 127
, burning, hurled against witches, ix.
162 ; flung aloft to make the corn grow high, x. 340 ; used to drive away witches, xi. 74
Bessy, one of the mummers on Plough Monday, viii. 329, 331
Bethlehem, worship of Adonis at, v. 257 sqq. ; fertility of the neighbourhood of, v. 257 n.s ; the Star of, v. 259, ix. 330 ; new Easter fire carried to, x. 130 n.
Betimor, woman turned into crocodile, viii. 212
Betsileo, the, of Madagascar, attribute divine powers to their chiefs, i. 397 ; lickers of blood and eaters of nail- parings among the, iii. 246 ; their belief in serpents as reincarnations of the dead, v. 83 ; offer the first-fruits of all crops to their king, viii. 116 ; their belief in the transmigration of souls, viii. 289 sq.
" Between the two Beltane fires," x. 149
Beul, fire of, need-fire, x. 293
Be van, Professor A. A., on the Arab fire-drill, ii. 210 n. \ on magical knots, iii. 302 «.4 ; on the change of m to v in Semitic, ix. 367 ».2 ; on a passage of Tabari, xi. 83 n.1
Beveridge, P., on the suppression of the names of the dead among the aborigines of New South Wales, iii, 363 sq,
Beverley, the Boy Bishop at, ix, 338
Beverley, on the initiatory rites of the Virginian Indians, xi. 266 sq.
Bewitched animals burnt alive, x. 300
sqq. ; buried alive, x. 324 sqq.
cow, mugwort applied to, xi. 59
things burnt to compel the witch
to appear, x. 322
Bezoar stone in rain-charms, i. 305 Bghais, a Karen tribe of Burma, their
annual festival of the dead, vi. 60 sq. Bhadon, Indian month, i. 279, v. 243 Bhagats, mock human sacrifices among
the, iv. 217 sq. Bhagavati, goddess, her shrine at Cran-
ganore, i. 280 Bhairava, Hindoo goddess, image of, i.
65 ; temple of, iv. 219 Bharbhunjas of the Central Provinces,
India, marriage custom of the, vi. 262 Bharias of the Central Provinces, India,
exchange of costume between men
and women at marriage among the,
vi. 260 sq. Bhars of India, their use of a scapegoat
in time of cholera, ix. 190 Bhils, the, of Central India, worship of
the peacock among, viii. 29 ; their
torture of witches, xi. 159 Bhfmsen or Bhfm Deo, an Indian deity,
viii. 118 Bhootan, the Dhurma Rajah in, i. 410 ;
heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12 ;
offerings at cairns in, ix. 26 Bhotiyas of Juhar, their use of a scape- goat, ix. 209 Bhuiyars of Mirzapur will not speak of
monkeys or bears by their proper names
in the morning, iii. 403 ; their dread of
menstrual pollution, x. 84 Bhuiyas, the, of North - Eastern India,
ceremony at the installation of a rajah
among the, iv. 56 ; fire-walk among
the, xi. 5 sq.
Bhujariya, festival in the Central Pro- vinces of India, v. 242 Bhumiya, Himalayan deity, viii. 117,
118 n.
Bhut, demon, xi. 312 Bhutan, demons diverted into images of
animals in, viii. 103 Biajas of Borneo, their annual expulsion
of evils in a little ship, ix. 200 Biak, island of, precautions against
strangers in, iii. 104 Bibili, island off New Guinea, the natives
reputed to make wind, i. 322 Bidasari and the golden fish, Malay story
of, xi. 147 sq. , 220 Biddulph, J. , on custom at wheat-sowing
in Gilgit, ii. 50 sq. Biennial cycle, vii. 87
festivals, vii. 14, 86
Biggar, " Burning out the Old Year " at
ix. 165
GENERAL INDEX
187
Bikol, in Luzon, demon exorcized by beating in, ix. 260
Bilaspur or Bilaspore, twirling spindles forbidden in, while men are in council, i. 114; way of stopping rain in, i. a53 * 234 sq. ; women's hair unknotted at childbirth in, iii. 298 ; temporary rajah in, iv. 154 ; infant burial in, v. 94 sq. ; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 60 ; new-born children placed in winnow- ing-fans in, vii. 6 sq. ; cairns to which passers-by add stones in, ix. 27 «.4; the Rajah of, food eaten out of his dead hand by a Brahman, ix. 44 sq.
Bilda, in Algeria, nails knocked into olive-tree as a cure at, ix. 60
Bilqula. See Bella Coola
Bima, in Celebes, sacred horse at, i.
364 , a district of Sambawa, human
foundation-sacrifices in, iii. 90 sq. Bin-Thuan, the Chams of, ii. 28, viii.
.56 Binbinga tribe of Northern Australia,
burial customs of the, i. 102 sq. ; cannibalism among the, i. 106 sq. ; their rites of initiation, xi. 234 sq. ; initiation of medicine-man in the, xi.
239
Binder of last sheaf represents the Corn- mother, vii. 150, 253 ; tied up in straw or corn-stalks, vii. 220, 221 ; called the Beggar-man, vii. 231 ; called the Wolf, vii. 273 sq. ; called Goat, vii. 283
Binders of corn, contests between, vii.
I3^. 137. 138, 2l8 Sq. , 220, 221, 222,
253 Binding up a cleft stick or tree a mode
of barricading the road against a
ghostly pursuer, xi. 176 Bingfield, the Borewell near, ii. 161 Binsenschneider, vii. 230 n.° Binuas of the Malay Peninsula use a
special language in searching for
camphor, iii. 405 Bion, the atheist, his attempts to avert
death, ii. 191 Bion, Greek poet, on the scarlet anemone,
v. 226 n.1
Bir, a tribal hero of the Bhuiyas, xi. 6 Birbhum district of Bengal, rain-making
in the, i. 278 Birch, a protection against witches, ii.
54 ; crowns of, ii. 64 ; leaves of, girl
clad in, ii. 80 ; used to kindle need- fire, x. 291 • , branches of, on Midsummer Day,
x. 177, 196 ; a protection against
witchcraft, xi. 185 — — and plane, fire made by the friction
of. x 220
Birch, sprigs of, a protection against witches, ix. 162 ; used to beat people with at Easter and Christmas, ix. 269, 270
tree dressed in woman's clothes, ii.
64, 141
trees used to keep off witches, ii.
54, 55, xi. 20 n. \ gout transferred to, ix. 56 sq. \ set up at Midsummer, x. 177 ; mistletoe on, xi. 315
wreath at Whitsuntide, girls kiss
each other through a, ii. 93
Bird, Miss I. L., on the bear-festivals of the Ainos, viii. 184 n.1
Bird, soul conceived as a, iii. 33 sqq.t vii. 181, 182 n.l\ soul of a tree in a, vi. in n.1 ; corn -spirit as a, vii. 295 sq. ; disease transferred to, xi. 187 ; brings first fire to earth, xi.
295
called " the soul of Osiris," vi. no
chief of the Sea Dyaks, ix. 383,
384
lime made from mistletoe, xi. 317
of prey, inoculation with a, viii.
162
, soul of the rice as a, vii. 182 n.1
wife, Dyak story of the, iv. 127
sq. ; Indian story of, iv. 131
Birds, ghosts of slam as, iii. 177 sq. ; cause headache through clipped hair, iii. 270 sq., 282; absent warriors called, iii. 330 ; burnt in honour of Artemis, v. 126 n.2 ; ancestral spirits in, viii. 123 ; tongues of, eaten, viii. 147 ; souls of dead in, viii. 296 ; as scapegoats, ix. 35 sq.t 51 sq. ; external souls in, xi. 104, in, 119, 142, 144, 150 ; carry seed of mistletoe, xi. 316
, language of, learned by means of
serpents, i. 158 ; known to Indian king, iv. 123 ; learned by eating serpent's flesh, viii. 146 ; learned by tasting dragon's blood, viii. 146
, migratory, as representatives of a
divinity, vii. 204 sq.
of omen, stories of their origin, iv.
126, 127 sq.
, white, souls of dead kings in- carnate in, vi. 162
Birk, in Transylvania, the harvest Hare at, vii. 280
Birks, Rev. E. B. , on harvest custom at Orwell, v. 237 «.4
Birseck, Lenten fires at, x. 119
Birth of children, magical images to ensure the, i. 70 sqq. ; pretence of, at adoption, i. 74 sq., at return of supposed dead man, i. 75, at circum- cision, i. 75 sq. ; a man's fortune determined by the day or hour of his, i. 173 1 from the fire, ii. 195 sqq. ; new
1 88
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
fire kindled by friction of wood after a, ii. 239 ; from a golden image, iii. 113; of child on harvest -field, vii. 150 sq. , 209. See also Births and Miscarriage
Birth, new i. 74 sqq. \ of Brahman sacrificer, simulation of, i. 380 sq. ; through blood in rites of Attis, v. 274 sq. ; of Egyptian kings at the Sed festival, vi. 153, 155^.; of novices at initiation, xi. 247, 251, 256, 257, 261
, premature, iii. 213. See Mis- carriage
Birth-names of Central American Indians, xi. 214 w.1
trees in Africa, xi. 160 sqq. ; in
Europe, xi. 165
Birthday, Greek custom of sacrificing to a dead man on his, i. 105 ; celebration in China, i. 169
of the Sun at the winter solstice, v.
303 sqq. , x. 246
Birthdays of Apollo and Artemis, i. 32
11 Birthplace of Rainy Zeus," ii. 360
Births, premature, how treated by the Akikuyu, iii. 286, 286 n.6
Bisa chiefs reincarnated in pythons, iv. 193
woman, hermode of sowingbananas,
vii 115
Bisaltae, a Thracian tribe, sanctuary of Dionysus among the, vii. 5
Bisection of the year, Celtic, x. 223
Bishnois of the Punjaub, infant burial among the, v. 94
Bishop, Mrs. , on cairns in Corea, ix. 1 1 n.6 ; on the belief in demons in Corea, ix. 99 sq.
Bishop, the Boy, on Holy Innocents' Day, ix. 336 sqq.
of Fools, ix. 312
of Innocents, ix. 333
Bismarck Archipelago, iv. 61 ; magical powers ascribed to chiefs in the, i. 340 ; magic practised on refuse of food in the, iii. 128 sq. ; reluctance to mention personal names in the, iii. 329 ; the Melanesians of the, their belief in demons, ix. 83
Bisons, the resurrection of, viii. 256
Bissagos Islands, natives of, their sacri- fices to sacred trees, ii. 16
Archipelago, precaution as to spittle
in the, in. 289
Bistritz district of Transylvania, belief as to quail in last corn in the, vii. 295
Bitch, the last sheaf called the, vii. 272
Bites of ants used as purificatory cere- mony, iii. 105. See Ants
Bithynia, Arrian of, ii. 126 ; mournful song of reapers in, vii. 216
— -- and Pontus, rapid spread of Chris- tianity in, ix. 420 sq.
Bithynians invoke Attis, v. 282
Biting bark of tree as mode of transferring
a malady, ix. 54, 55
a sword as a charm, i. 160
Biyars, the, of North -Western India,
their ceremony of ' 4 burning the old
year," ix. 230 n.7 Bizya (modern Viza), capital of old
Thracian kings, vii. 26, 30 Black, Dr. J. Sutherland, on the burning
of Winter at Zurich, iv. 260 sq. Black animals in rain -charms, i. 250,
290 sqq. , ii. 367 ; as scapegoats, ix.
190, 192, 193
bull sacrificed to the dead, iv. 95
cats, witches turn into, ii. 334
colour in magic, i. 83 ; in rain- making ceremonies, i. 269 sq.t iii. 154
Corrie of Ben Breck, the giant of,
in an Argyleshire tale, xi. 129 sq.
Demeter, vii. 263
drink, an emetic, viii. 76
Forest, Midsummer fires in the, x.
168
goat-skin, in relation to Dionysus,
vii. 17
god and white god among the
Slavs, ix. 92
hair, homoeopathic charm to re- store, i. 154
Isle, Ross-shire, x. 301
Mountains, in France, ix. 166 ;
story of sleeping witch in the, iii. 42
ox in magic, iii. 154 ; bath of blood
of, iv. 201 poplars, mistletoe on, xi. 316, 318 n.9
ram sacrificed to Pelops, ii. 300,
iv. 92, 104 ; in magic, iii. 154
-snake clan of the Warramunga,
v. 100
spauld, a disease of cattle, cure for,
*• 325 three-legged horse ridden by witches,
xi. 74 victims in rain -making, iii. 154;
sacrificed to the dead, iv. 92, 95
and white in relation to human
scapegoats, ix. 220, 253, 257, 272
Blackened faces, vii. 287, 291, 299, viii. 321, 332, ix. 247, 314, 330 ; of actors, vii. 27
Blackening faces of warriors, iii. 163 ; of manslayers, iii. 169, 178, 181, 186 «.1; of girls at puberty, x. 41, 60
Blackfoot Indians, taboos observed by eagle - trappers among the, i. 116 ; taboos observed by the wives and children of eagle-hunters among the, i. 119 ; their use of skulls as charms, i. 149 sq. ; their way of bringing on a storm of rain, i. 288 ; their marriage of the Sun and Moon, ii. 146 sq. ;
GENERAL INDEX
189
taboos observed by man who kept the sacred pipe among the, iii. 159 n. \ unwilling to speak their names, iii. 326 ; their worship of the Pleiades, vii. 311 ; their propitiation of the eagles which they have killed, viii. 236
Bladders, annual festival of, among the Esquimaux, iii. 206 sq. , 228 ; of sea- beasts returned by the Esquimaux to the sea, viii, 247 sqq.
Bland, J. O. P. , on substitutes for capi- tal punishment in China, iv. 274 sq.
Blankenfelde, in district of Potsdam, the Old Man at harvest at, vii. 221
Blankenheim in the Eifel, the King of the Bean at, ix. 313
Blay, men's clubhouse in the Pelew Islands, vi. 265
Bleeding trees, ii. 18, 20, 33
Blekinge, Swedish province, the Mid- summer Bride and Bridegroom in, ii. 92, v. 251
Blemishes, bodily, a ground for putting kings to death, iv. 36 sqq. ; physical, transferred to witches, x. 160 w.1
"Blessers" or sacred kings, iii. 125 n.
Blessing of maize, game, and fish by medicine-men among the Bororos, viii. 71 sq.
Blighting effect of illicit love on the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 sqq.
Blind bull sacrificed at the foundation of a town, vi. 249 ; sacrificed before an army going to war, vi. 250
cat in homoeopathic magic, i. 153
Tree, the, i. 147
Blindfolded reapers, vii. 144, 153 sq.
Blindness, charm to cause, i. 147
of Hother, x. 279 w.4
Block, the Yule, x. 247
Blocksberg, dance of the witches on the, ix. 163 n.1] the resort of witches, x. 171 ; the Mount of the Witches, xi. 74
Blood shed at circumcision and sub- incision, uses of, i. 92, 94 sq. ; drawn from virgin bride, i. 94 ; the flow of, arrested by blood-stones, i. 165 ; sym- pathetic connexion between wounded person and his shed blood, i. 205 ; of contracting parties sprinkled on their footprints in making a treaty, i. 2ii ; used to imitate rain, i. 256, 2 57 sq. ; smeared on regalia, i. 363 ; smeared on king's throne, i. 365 ; of sacrificial victim, inspiration by suck- ing the, i. 381 sq. ; offered to trees, ii. 13, 16, 19, 34, 44, 47, 367 ; smeared on wood-work of house to appease the tree-spirits, ii. 39 ; smeared on house as an expiatory rite, ii. 109 n.1 ; of incestuous persons, blighting effects attributed to the, it. no sq. ; smeared
on new fire-boards, ii. 225 ; smeared on sacred trees, ii. 367 ; put on doorposts, iii. 15 ; smeared on per- son as a purification, iii. 104, 115, 219 ; of slain, supposed effect of it on the slayer, iii. 169 ; drawn from bodies of manslayers, iii. 176, 180 ; tabooed, iii. 239 sqq. ; not eaten, iii. 240 sq. ; soul in the, iii. 240, 241, 247, 250 ; of game poured out, iii. 241 ; spilt on ground, covered up, iii. 241, 245, 246 ; unwillingness to shed, iii. 243, 246 sq. ; received on bodies of kinsfolk, iii. 244 sq. ; drops of, effaced, iii. 245 sq. ; horror of, iii. 245 ; spilt, used by magicians for evil purposes, iii. 246 ; of chief sacred, iii. 248 ; of women, dread of, iii. 250 sq. ; fetish priests allowed to drink fresh blood, iii. 291 ; of sacrifice splashed on door-posts, house-posts, etc., iv. 97, 175, 176 n.1 ; remission of sins through the shedding of, v. 299 ; used in expiation for homicide, v. 299 n.* ; not to be shed in certain sacrifices, vi. 222 n.z ; of sacrificial horse, use made of, viii. 42 ; drawn from men as a religious rite, viii. 75, 91 sq. ; of men drunk to acquire their qualities, viii. 148, 150, 151, 152 ; as a means of com- munion with a deity, viii. 316 ; fatigue let out with, ix. 12 ; of children used to knead a paste, ix. 129 ; drawn from ears as penance, ix. 292 ; girls at puberty forbidden to see, x. 46 ; drawn from women who do not menstruate, x. 8r
Blood, bath of ox, iv. 35, 201 ; bath of bull's, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sqq.
of bear drunk, viii. 146
of beavers not allowed to fall on
ground, viii. 240 n.2
of childbirth, supposed dangerous
infection of, iii. 152 sqq. ; received on heads of friends or slaves, iii. 245
, the Day of, in the festival of Attis,
v. 268, 285
of dragon imparts knowledge of
language of birds, viii. 146
, human, strengthening and fertiliz- ing virtue attributed to, i. 85 sqq. , 90 sqq. , 105 ; offered at grave, i. 90 sq. , 101 ; given to sick people, i. 91 ; used to knit men together, i. 92 ; used in rain-making ceremonies, i. 256, 257^., xi. 232 sq. ; offered to the dead, iv. 92 sq., 104; libations of, poured on grave of Pelops, iv. 92 ; mixed with maize and eaten as a blessed food, viii. 91 sq.
of human victims in rain-making
ceremonies, iv. 20 ; smeared on faces
190
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
of idols, iv. 185 ; sprinkled on seed, vii. 239, 251 ; scattered on field, vii. 244, 251
Blood of lamb sprinkled on people, viii. 315
, menstruous, dread of, x. 76 ;
disastrous effect of seeing, x. 77 ; deemed fatal to cattle, x. 80 ; miracu- lous virtue attributed to, x. 82 sq. \ medicinal application of, x. 98 n.1
— of pigs in purificatory rites, ii. 107, 108, 109, v. 299 «.2, ix. 262
, royal, reluctance to spill, ii. 228 ; not
to be shed on the ground, lii. 241 sqq.
— — of St. John found on St. John's wort and other plants at Midsummer, xi. 56, 57
— — of sheep poured on image of god as a sin-offering, x. 82
— — of slain men tasted by their slayers, viii. 154 sqq.
Blood- brotherhood formed by woodman with the tree which he fells, ii. 19 sq. ; between men and animals among the Fans, xi. 201, 226 n.1 ; between men and animals among the Indians of Honduras, xi. 214, 226 n.1
covenant, hi. 130, viii. 154 sqq. ;
by mixture of blood between husband and wife, viii. 69. See also Blood- brotherhood
- — -lickers among the Betsileo, iii. 246
• stones thought to arrest the flow
of blood, i. 81, 165
Bloodless altars, ix. 307
Bloom field, Professor Maurice, on the magical nature of Vedic ritual, i. 229
— — River, Queensland, magical effigies on the, i. 62 ; namesakes of the dead change their names on the, iii. 355 sq.
Blowing on a fire, forbidden to sacred chiefs, iii. 136, 256 ; upon knots, as a charm, iii. 302, 304
— ' of trumpets in the festival of Attis, v. 268
Blows to drive away ghosts, ix. 260 sqq.
Blue Spring, the, at Syracuse, v. 213 n.1
Bluk, the bull-frog, i. 292
Blu-u Kayans of Borneo, iii. 104 ; ex- piation for unchastity among the, ii. 109 sq.
Blydeuitzigt, in Cape Colony, ix. 16
Boa-constrictor, purification of man who has killed a, iii. 221 sq. \ need of appeasing the soul of a, viii. 296
Boa-constrictors, kings at death turn into, iv. 84, xi. 212 ». ; souls of dead in, viii. 289 sq.
Boanerges, "sons of thunder," i. 266 n.1
Boar, in homoeopathic magic, i. 151 ; grunting like a wild, a charm against sore feet, ii. 22 sq. ; and Adonis, v. u, viii. 22 sq. ; Attis killed by a, v. 264 ;
corn-spirit as, vii. 298 sqq. ; the Yule, vii. 300 sqq. , 302 sq. See also Boars Boar's fat poured on novices at initiation in the Andaman Islands, viii. 164
head mask worn by actor at a
sowing festival, vii. 95 sq.
skin, shoes of, worn by a king at
inauguration, x. 4
Boars, evil spirits transferred to, ix. 31 ; familiar spirits of wizards in, xi. 196 sq. \ lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 203, 205 ; external human souls in, xi. 207
, wild, hunted in Italy, i. 6 ; in
ancient Greece, i. 6 «.6 ; not to be called by their proper names, iii. 411, 415 ; annually sacrificed in Cyprus, viii. 23 w.3 ; their ravages in the corn, viii. 31 sqq. ; eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140. See also Swine
Boas, Dr. Franz, on the taboos observed by Esquimaux hunters, iii. 210 sqq. ; on the confession of sins, iii. 214 ; on the masked dances of the Indians of North-Western America, ix. 375 sq. \ on seclusion of Shuswap girls at puberty, x. 53 ; on customs observed by mourners among the Bella Coola Indians, xi. 174 ; on initiation into the wolf society of the Nootka Indians, xi. 270 sq. ; on the relation between clans and secret societies, xi. 273 w.1
Boba or Baba, " the Old Woman," name given to the last sheaf, vii. 144 sq. , 223
Bocage of Normandy, rule as to the clipping of wool in the, vi. 134 «.3; " catching the quail," at harvest in the, vii. 295 ; games of ball in the, ix. 183 sq. \ Eve of Twelfth Night in the, ix. 316 sq. ', weather of the twelve months predicted from the Twelve Days in the, ix. 323 ; Midsummer fires in the, x. 185 ; the Yule log in the, x. 252 ; torchlight processions on Christmas Eve in the, x. 266
Bock, C. , on birth-ceremonies in Laos, vii. 8 ; on the fear of demons in Laos, ix. 97
Bodia or Bodio, a West African pontiff responsible for the fertility of the earth, *• 353 • ^boos observed by him, iii. 14 '?.. 23
Bodies, souls transferred to other, iii. 49
of the dead, magical uses made of
the, vi. 100 sqq. ; guarded against mutilation, vi. 103 ; thought to be en- dowed with magical powers, vi. 103, 104 sq.
Bod mi n, in Cornwall, Lord of Misrule at, ii. 319 n.1
Bodos, the, of Assam, mourners shaved among the, iii. 285
GENERAL INDEX
191
Bodroum in Cilicia, ruins of, v. 167
Body-without-soul in a Ligurian story, xi. 107 ; in a German story, xi. 116 sq. \ in a Breton story, xi. 132 sq. ; in a Basque story, xi. 139
Boedromion, an Attic month, vii. 52, 77, viii. 6 n.
Boemus, Joannes, on the "carrying out of Death," iv. 234 ; on the King of the Bean, ix. 315 n.
Boeotian festival of the Great Daedala, xi. 77 n.1
sacrifice to Hercules, viii. 95 n.2
Bogadjim, in German New Guinea, belief in wind -making at, i. 322; charm to attract fish at, viii. 251
Boghaz-Keui, Hittite capital, excavations of H. Winckler at, v. 125 n. ; situa- tion and remains of, v. 128 sqq. \ the gods of, v. 128 sqq. ; rock-hewn sculp- tures at, v. 129 sqq.
Bogle, George, envoy to Tibet, his account of a Tibetan New Year cere- mony, ix. 203
Bogomiles, a Russian sect, worship each other as embodiments of Christ, i. 407 sq.
Bogos of East Africa allow no fire in a house after a death, ii. 267 «.4 ; women of the, will not mention their husbands' names, iii. 337
Bogota, capital of the Chibchas, i. 416 ; rigorous training of the heir to the throne of, x. 19
Bohemia, customs as to children's cast teeth in, i. 180 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 sq. ; Midsummer- tree burned in, ii. 66 ; throwing Death into the water on the fourth Sunday in Lent in, ii. 73 sq. ; Whitsuntide King in, ii. 85 ; girl called Queen on fourth Sunday in Lent in, ii. 87 ; the soul as a white bird in, iii. 34 ; belief as to.stepping over a child in, iii. 424; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66 ; "burying the Carnival" in, iv. 209; Whitsuntide mummers in, iv. 209 sqq. ; "Carrying out Death" in, iv. 237 sq. ; bringing in Summer in, iv. 246 ; May-pole or Midsummer-tree in, v. 250 ; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 72 sq. ; harvest customs in, vii. 138, 145, 149, 150, 225^., 232, 286, 289 ; fox's tongue as amulet in, viii. 270 ; snake's tongue cut on St. George's Eve con- fers eloquence in, viii. 270 ; custom as to mice in, viii. 279, 283 ; the Shrove- tide or carnival Bear in, viii. 325 sq. ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night in* ix. 161 ; " Easter Smacks " in, ix.
268, 269 ; the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in, ix. 330 sq. \ the Festival of Fools in, ix. 336 n.1 \ water and fire consecrated at Easter in, x. 123 sq. ; bonfires on May Day in, x. 159 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 173 sqq. ; need- fire in, x. 278 sq. ; charm to make corn grow high in, x. 340 ; offering to water-spirits on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 28 ; simples gathered on St. John's Night in, xi. 49 ; divination by means of flowers on Midsummer Eve in, xi. 52 sq. ; mugwort at Midsummer in, xi. 59 ; elder-flowers gathered at Mid- summer in, xi. 64 ; wild thyme gathered on Midsummer Day in, xi. 64 ; magic bloom of fern-seed at Mid- summer in, xi. 66 ; " thunder besoms" in, xi. 85 ; fern-seed on St. John's Day in, xi. 287, 288
Bohemia, the Germans of Western, their phrase for man who cuts last corn, vii. 138 ; their custom at Christmas, ix. 270 ; Twelfth Day among, ix. 331
Bohemian belief that serpents get their poison annually on St. George's Day, ii. 344 «.4 ; cures for fever, ix. 49, 51, 55 s9-> 5^» 59, 63; remedy for jaun- dice, ix. 52
charm to make fruit-trees bear, i.
141
custom of " Shooting the Witches"
on St. Sylvester's Day, ix. 164
love-charms on St. George's Day,
ii. 345 sq.
poachers, their use of vervain, xi. 62 ;
their use of seeds of fir-cones, xi. 64
story of the external soul, xi. no
superstition as to understanding
the language of animals, viii. 146
Bohemians, their precautions against witches on Walpurgis Night, ii. 55
Bohlingen, in Baden, the last sheaf called the Oats-stallion at, vii. 292 ; the last sheaf called the Rye-sow or the Wheat- sow at, vii. 298
Bohmerwald Mountains, the Oats-goat at harvest in the, vii. 284 ; annual ex- pulsion of wkches on Walpurgis Night in the, ix. 159 sq.
Bohus, Midsummer fires in, x. 172
Bohusla'n, in Sweden, prehistoric rock- carving at, vii. 129 n.1
Boidls, torches or bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. m n.1
Boiled flesh tabooed to manslayers, iii.
185
meat offered to the Seasons, i. 310
Boiling bewitched animal or part of it to
compel witch to appear, x. 321 sq.t
323 a thief's name, iii. 331
192
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Boiling milk, omens drawn from, xi. 8
resin, ordeal of, x. 311
Boils caused by magical stones, i. 147 ; thought to be caused by eating or touching a totemic animal, viii. 25, 29 ; crawling under a bramble as a cure for, xi. 180
Bolang Mongondo, a district of Celebes, recall of lost soul in, iii. 53 sq. ; disposal of child's first hair, iii. 279 ; names of relations tabooed in, iii. 341 ; rajahs of, their names not to be mentioned, iii. 376 ; custom as to eating the new rice in, viii. 54 ; belief in demons in, ix. 85 sq. ; riddles only asked when there is a corpse in the village in, ix. 121 n.9
Bolbe in Macedonia, lake of, ix. 142 n.1
Bolivia, the Moxos Indians of, i. 123 ; Aymara Indians of, i. 292, iii. 97, ix. 193 ; the Chiriguanos Indians of, vi. 143 «.4, 145, viii. 140, 286, ix. 26, 193, x. 56 ; Tarija in, vii. 173 n. ; the Guarayos of, viii. 157 ; the Pechu- yos of, viii. 157 ; the Retoronos of, viii. 157 ; the Yuracares Indians of, viii. 2 35 sq. , 257, x. 57 sq. ; heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12 ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; Indians of, their offerings at cairns, ix. 26 sq. ; fires on St. John's Eve in, x. 213 ; La Paz in, xi. So
Boloki, or Bangala, of the Upper Congo, their ceremonies at the new moon, vi. 143; attempt to deceive spirit of dis- ease, vi. 262 ; their fear of demons, ix. 76 sq. \ birth-plants among the, xi. 161 sq. ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 229 n.
Bombay, belief as to absence of sleeper's soul in, iii. 41 ; the Suni Moham- medans of, their customs as to mirrois, iii. 95 ; burial custom in, viii. 100
Bomma, King of the Rain at, ii. 2
Bondeis of German East Africa, rites of initiation among the, xi. 263 sq.
Bonds, no man in bonds allowed in house of Flamen Dialis, iii. 14
Bone used to point with in sorcery, x. 14 ; of bird (eagle or swan), women at menstruation obliged to drink out of, x. 45, 48, 49, 50, 73 «.8, 90, 92 ; inci- dent of, in folk-tales, x. 73 «.8
— of old animals eaten to make the eater old, viii. 143
Bones, departing souls bottled up in hollow, iii. 31 ; burnt in the Easter bonfires, x. 142 ; burnt in Midsummer fires, x. 203
— of animals not allowed to be gnawed by dogs, viii. 225, 238 sqq., 243, 259 ; preserved in order that the animals
may come to life again, viii. 256 sqq. \ burned or thrown into water, viii. 257 ; not to be broken, viii. 258 sq. ; that have been eaten as a sacrament treated with ceremonious respect, viii. 313
Bones of the dead, in magic, i. 148, 150 ; of dead shamans placed in trees, ii. 32 ; their treatment after the decay of the flesh, iii. 372 n.6 ; disinterred and scraped, iii. 373 n. , iv. 96 ; used in rain-making ceremonies, v. 22 ; of dead kings carried off or destroyed by enemies, vi. 103 sq. ; cakes baked in the shape of, and eaten as the bones of a god, viii. 87 sqq. ; virtues acquired by contact with the, viii. 153 sq. ; pre- served to facilitate resurrection, viii. 259 ; of dead enemies destroyed to prevent their resurrection, viii. 260 ; of dead husbands carried by their widows, x. 91 «.4
of deer not given to the dogs, viii.
241, 242, 243
of fish not burned, viii. 250, 251 ;
thrown into the sea or a river, viii. 250, 254 ; not to be broken, viii. 255
, fossil, source of myths about giants,
v. 157 sq.
, human, buried as rain-charm, i.
287 ; burned as a charm against sorcery, ii. 330 ; of bodies which have been eaten, special treatment of, iii. 189 sq.
, marrow, not to be broken in a hut,
i. 115 sq
of sacrificial victim not broken, iv. 20
of salmon not to touch the ground,
viii. 254
and skulls of enemies not destroyed,
viii. 260
of white whale kept from dogs,
iii. 206
Bonfire Day in County Leitrim, x. 203
Bonfires on St. John's Day (Midsummer Day) in Esthonia, iv. 280 ; leaping over, iv. 262, ix. 159; on St. John's Eve, dances round, v. 245 ; on Walpurgis Night to keep off witches, ix. 163; on the Eve of Twelfth Day, ix. 316 sqq.\ supposed to protect against conflagra- tions, x. 107, 108 ; lit by the persons last married, x. 107, 109 ; a protection against witchcraft, x. 108, 109, 154 ; a protection against sickness, x. 108, log i a. protection against sorcery, x. 156 ; quickening and fertilizing in- fluence of, x. 336 sqq. \ omens o( marriage drawn from, x. 338 sq. \ pro- tect fields against hail, x. 344 ; protect houses against lightning and conflagra- tion, x. 344 ; at festivals in India, xi. i sqq. See also Fires
GENERAL INDEX
'93
Bonfires, Midsummer, ii. 65 ; intended to drive away dragons, x. 161 ; protect cattle against witchcraft, x. 188 ; thought to ensure good crops, x. 188, 336
Bongo, the, of the Upper Nile, magical powers of chiefs among, i. 347
Boni, Commendatore G. , on the Vestal fire, ii. 186 n.1
Boni, in Celebes, etiquette at the court of the king of, iv. 40
Boniface, Archbishop of Mainz, x. 270
Bonnach stone in a Celtic story, xi. 126
Bonnets, special, worn by women at menstruation, iii. 146
Bonny River, human sacrifices at mouth of the, ii. 157 sq.
Bon toe, in Luzon, sacred trees of the natives of, ii. 30 ; human sacrifices at planting and reaping rice in, vii. 240
Booandik tribe of South Australia, their fear of women's blood, iii. 251 ; special form of speech used between relations by marriage in the, iii. 346 sq.
Boobies, the aborigines of Fernando Po, their sacred king, iii. 8 sq.
Booginese. See Buginese
Book of Acaill, ancient Irish work, iv. 39
of the Dead, the ancient Egyptian,
vi. 13, vii. 215, ix. 103
of Rewards and Penalties, Chinese
work, i. 6 1
of Rights, ancient Irish work, iii.
12 «.2
Booth of Orestes, i. 26
Bor, the ancient Tyana, Hittite monu- ment at, v. 122 n.1
Bor tribe of Dinka, their rain-maker, iv. 32
Borana Gallas, custom observed by man- slayers among the, iii. 186 n.1
Borans, their custom of sacrificing their children to a sky-spirit, iv. 181
Bordeaux, May-poles at, ii. 69 ; magical use of knotted cords at, iii. 299 ; ' ' killing the Bull " at threshing near, vii. 291
Bordes, torches carried on the first Sunday in Lent, x. in n.1
Borewell, the, in Northumberland, re- sorted to by barren women, ii. 161
Borlase, William, on the Cornish custom of the Maypole, ii. 67 ; on Midsummer fires in Cornwall, x. 199
Bormus, mournful song of Marian- dynian reapers, vii. 216, 264 ; com- pared to Lityerses, vii. 257
Born again, pretence of being, i. 74 sqq.t iii. 113. See also Birth, new
• " of an oak or a rock," i. 100 n.1
thrice, said of Brahmans, i. 381
Borneo, use of magical images in, i.
59 sq. \ the Dyaks of, i. 73, iii 52, ix. 14, 383, x. 5, xi. 222 rules observed by camphor hunter in, i. 115; telepathy in war in, i 127 ; the Mahakam Dyaks of, i. 159 treatment of the afterbirth and navel string in, i. 194 ; gongs beaten in storms in, i. 328 ; beliefs as to the blighting effect of sexual crime in, ii. 1 08 sqq. ; the Kenyahs of, ii. 385, iii. no, 415 ; hooks to catch souls in, iii. 30 ; rice used to prevent the soul, conceived as a bird, from wandering, in, iii. 35 ; recall of lost souls in, iii. 55 sq. ; the Ot Danoms of, ni. 103 ; precautions against stran- gers in, hi. 103 sq. ; the Blu-u Kayans of, iii. 104 ; exorcism of spirits by means of rice in, hi. 106 ; the Dusuns of, iii. 230, ix. 200; natives of, reluctant to name the dead, iii. 353 ; the Malanau tribes of, in. 406 ; the Sakarang Dyaks of, iii. 416 ; the Barito of, iv. 166 n.1 ; custom of head-hunting in, v. 294 sqq. ; effeminate sorcerers in, vi. 253, 256 ; division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124 ; use of puppets as substitutes for living per- sons in, vhi. 100 sq. \ custom in the search for camphor in, vhi. 186 n. ; the Kalamantans of, viii. 293 sq. ; belief m demons in, ix. 87 ; sick- ness expelled in a ship from, ix. 187 ; the Biajas of, ix. 200 ; festivals in, x. 13 ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 35 sq. ; birth-custom in, xi. 154 sq. ; trees and plants as life-indices in, xi. 164 sq. ; the Madangs of, xi. 175 ; creeping through a cleft stick after a funeral in, xi. 175 sq. ; giving the slip to an evil spirit in, xi. 179 sq.
Borneo, Central, the Kayans of, i. 330, ii. 17, 109, iii. 47, 99, no, 113, 164, 239, 260, 286, 406, iv. 218, vii. 92, 184, viii. 54 sq. , ix. 154 «., 236, 382 sq. , x. 4 sq. , xi. 175 ; agricultural communities of, vii. 92
, Eastern, T.engaroeng in, iv. 280, 281
, Northern, the Dyaks of, vii. 188
, South- Eastern, the Dyaks of, iii.
72 n.1
, Western, precautions against fright- ening the spirit of the rice in, ii. 28
Bornu, the Sultan of, hides himself from his people, iii. 120 sq.
Boroma, on the Zambesi, rain-maker with unshorn hair at, iii. 259 sq.
Bororos of Brazil, best singers chosen chiefs among the, ii. 298 sq. ; their conception of the soul as a bird, iii. 34 ; their belief in dreams, iii. 36 ; their belief and custom as to meteors,
194
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
iv. 62 sq. ; consecration of maize, game, and fish by medicine -men among the, viii. 71 sq. ; their identi- fication of themselves with parrots, viii. 207 sq. ; their use of bull-roarers, xi. 230 n. Borrow, witches come to, x. 322, 323,
xi. 73
Borsippa, temple of E-zida at, iv. no
Bosanquet, Professor R. C. , on the Four- handed Apollo, vi. 250 w.2
Boscana, Father Gerommo, on the cus- toms and superstitions of the Califor- nian Indians, vii. 125, viii. 169
Bosco Sacrot the grove of Egeria, i. 18 «.4
Bosman, W. , on serpent - worship in Guinea, v. 67
Bosnia, hawthorn used as a protection against vampyres in, ix. 153 n.1 ; need-fire in, x. 286 ; life-trees of children in, xi. 165
Bosnian Turks, ceremony of adoption among the, i. 74
Bossuet, Bishop, on the Midsummer bonfires, x. 182
Botocudos of Brazil, their reason for eat- ing the flesh of their enemies, viii. 156
Bottesford, in Lincolnshire, mistletoe deemed a remedy for epilepsy at, xi. 83
Bottle, external soul of queen in a, xi. 138
Bouche, Abbe", on West African priest- esses, v. 66 n.3, 69
Bougainville Straits, the natives of, their observation of the Pleiades and Orion's belt, vii. 313 ; their expulsion of demons, ix. 116 ; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 n.
Bough, the Golden, xi. 279 sqq. ; plucked by Aeneas, i. n, ii. 379 ; and the King of the Wood, i. u, x. r ; the plucking of it not a piece of bravado, ii. 123 sq. ; grew on an evergreen oak, ii. 379 ; a branch of mistletoe, xi. 284 sqq.t 315 sqq. See also Golden Bough
Boughs, green, a charm against witches, ii. 52-55, 127. See also Branches
Boulia district of Queensland, magical pointing bones in the, x. 14
Bouphonia, "the murder of the ox," ritual flight at the, ii. 309 ».a ; an Athenian sacrifice, viii. 4 sqq.
Bouphonion, a Greek month, viii. 6 n.
Bourail, in New Caledonia, ceremony at eating the new yams at, viii. 53
Bourbonnais, the Fox in the corn in, vii. 296 ; mistletoe a remedy for epilepsy in, xi. 83
Bourbourg, Brasseur de, on Mexican human sacrifices in connexion with the crops, vii. 237
Bourdif allies, bonfires on first Sunday in Lent, x. in n.1
Bourges, ceremony of " Sawing the Old Woman" at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242
Bourgogne, in Ain, the Fox in the last sheaf at, vii. 297
Bourke, Captain J. G., on the Pirn as, iii. 184 ; on mock human sacrifices in Arizona, iv. 215 ; on the totem clans of the Zuni, viii. 178 ; on the bull- roarer, xi. 231
Bourlet, A. , on the belief of the Thay in spirits, ix. 97 sqq.
Bouzygai, "Ox-yokers," priestly family at Eleusis, curses uttered by the, vii. 108 sq.
Bouzygios, epithet applied to the Sacred Ploughing at Athens, vii. 109 n l
Bovillae, King of the Sacred Rites at, i. 44 n.1 ; Vejovis at, ii. 179 ; the Julian family at, ii. 179, 180 n.
Bowels, novice at initiation supplied by spirits with a new set of, xi. 235 sgq.
Bowes, in Yorkshire, need-fire at, x. 287
Box, strayed soul caught in, iii. 45, 70, 76 ; external soul of king in a, xi. 102, 149 ; external soul of cannibal in a, xi. 117. See also Boxes
tree, external soul of giant in a,
xi. 133
Boxers at funerals, iv. 97
Boxes opened in house to facilitate child- birth, iii. 296 ; or arks, sacred, x. n sq. See also Box
Boxing, in the pancratium, vii. 71 «,*, viii. 131
Boxwood blessed on Palm Sunday, x. 184, xi. 47
Boy and girl produce need-fire by friction of wood, xi. 281
Bishop on Holy Innocents' Day,
ix. 336 sqq.
Boys of living parents in ritual, vi. 236 sqq. ; dressed as girls to avert the Evil Eye, vi. 260 ; marriage customs to ensure the birth of, vi. 262 ; at initia- tion thought to be swallowed by wizards, xi. 233 ; at initiation thought to be born again, xi. 246 sqq.
Brabant, Whitsuntide custom in, ii. 80 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 194; St. Peter's bonfires in, x. 195 ; wicker giants in, xi- 35
Bracelets as amulets, iii. 55, 315, x. 92
Bradbury, Professor J. B. , on hemlock as an anaphrodisiac, ii. 139 n.1
Braemar Highlanders, their Hallowe'en fires, x. 233 sq.
Brahma, Vishnu, and Siva, the Hindoo Trinity, i. 225
Brahman, the Hindoo creator, x. 95
Brahman, priest, derivation of name, i. 229 ; not to blow a fire with his mouth, ii. 241 ; called "twice born." xi. 276. See also Brahmans
GENERAL INDEX
'95
Brahman boys sacrificed, vii. 244 ; for- bidden to see the sun, x. 68 «.a
charms by treading on a stone, i.
1 60
fire-priests, ii. 247 sqq.
householder supposed to become a
deity through sacrifice, i. 380 ; new birth of the, i. 380 sg.
marriage ceremony, i. 160
marriage in Southern India, bride
dressed as a boy at, vi. 260
student, his cut hair and nails, iii.
277 ; his observances at end of his studentship, x. 20
teachers, taboos observed by, iii.
239 theology, gods at first mortal in, i.
373 n-1
women in rain-making ceremonies,
i. 283
Brdhtnanas, the magical nature of the sacrifices prescribed in the, i. 228 sq.
Brahmanic ritual at inauguration of a king, x. 4
Brahmanism akin to shamanism, i. 229 ; vestiges of, under Mohammedanism, ix. 90 n.1
Brahmans deemed superior to the gods, i. 226 ; morning offerings of the, i. 314 ; thrice-born, i. 381 ; divinity of the, i. 403 sq. ; their common and secret names, iii. 322 ; the ceremonial swinging of, iv. 150, 156 sq. ; on tran- substantiation, via. 89 ; first-fruits of sugar-cane given to, viii. 119 ; sacri- ficial custom of the, ix. 25 ; as human scapegoats, ix. 42 sq. , 44 sq. ; their theory of sacrifice, ix. 410 sq.
Brahmapootra, head -hunting tribes in the valley of the, iv. 13
Brain, drippings of, used to acquire wisdom of dead, viii. 163 sq.
Brains of enemies eaten to acquire their qualities, viii. 152
Braller in Transylvania, the hanging of Carnival at, iv. 230 sq. ; "Carrying out Death" at, iv. 247 sqq. ; the Harvest- cock at, vii. 276
Bramble, crawling under a, as a cure for whooping-cough, etc., xi. 180
Bran ua Faelain, King of Leinster, saved by the voluntary death of fifty monks, iv. 159 n.1
Branch of sacred cedar cut and brought home at wheat-sowing, ii. 50 sq. ; of hawthorn in bloom on May Day, ii. 52 ; of oak dipped in a spring as a rain-charm, ii. 359 ; lost soul brought back in a, iii. 67
Branches dipped in water as a rain- charm, i. 248, 250, 309, ii. 46 sq. ; not to be broken or cut in sacred
groves, ii. 9, 10, 41 sqq. ; stuck in fields to ensure rain or an abundant crop, ii. 46, 47, 48 ; stuck in flax-fields to make the flax grow tall, ii. 86 ; used in exorcism, iii. 109; fatigue trans- ferred to, ix. 8 ; sickness transferred to, ix. 186. See also Bough, Boughs Brand, John, on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146 ; on the Yule log, x. 247,
255
Brandenburg, Mark of, fruit-trees girt with straw at Christmas in, ii. 17 ; race of bride and bridegroom in, ii. 303 ; race to a sheaf on harvest-field in, vii. 137 ; cure for headache and giddiness in, ix. 52, 53 ; cure for toothache in, ix. 60 ; simples culled at Midsummer in, xi. 48
Brandons, the Sunday of the, first Sunday in Lent, x. no ; torches carried about fields and streets, x. in n.1
Brands of Midsummer fires a protection against lightning, conflagration, and spells, x. 183 ; a protection against thunder, x. 191 ; lighted, carried round cattle, x. 341. See also Sticks, charred
Brandy, North American Indian theory of, viii. 147
Bras Basah, a village on the Perak river, ix. 199
Brasidas, funeral games in his honour at Amphipolis, iv. 94
Brass rings as amulets, iii. 31, 314 ; instruments sounded to frighten away demons, ix. 147
Braunrode in the Harz Mountains, Easter fires at, x. 142
Braunsberg, in East Prussia, the Corn- goat at harvest at, vii. 282
Brauronia, festival of Brauronian Artemis, viii. 41 ».8
Bray, Mrs., on Devonshire custom of " crying the neck," vii. 265 sq.
Brazen serpent, the, viii. 281
Brazier, walking through a lighted, xi. 3 sqg.
Brazil, the Tupinambas of, i. 142, vn. 122 ; contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210; the Guayana Indians of, iv. 12 ; the Apinagos of, vi. 145 ; the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of, vii. in, ix. 236, 381 ; observation of the Pleiades by the Indians of, vii. 309 sq. ; the Bororos of, viii. 71, 207 sq. , xi. 230 «. ; the Boto- cudos of, viii. 156 ; the Passes of, viii. 157; the Xomanas of, viii. 157; the Chiambioa Indians of, viii. 208 ».1; the Tupi Indians of, viii. 272 ; the Guarams of, x. 56 ; the Uaupes of, x. 6 1 ; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 128 ; fires of St. John in, x. 213 ; the Caripunas of, xi. 230 ; the
196
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Nahuqua of, xi. 230 ; the Bakairi of, xi. 231
Brazil, Indians of, their rule as to ham- stringing deer, i. 115 ; their charm to strengthen a girl's teeth, i. 153; power of medicine-men among the, i. 358 sq. ; their explanation of headache, lii. 40 ; death from imagination among the, iii. 136 ; think that wind may be caused by reading, iii. 231 ; their indifference to death, iv. 138 ; their belief in the noxious influence of the moon on children, vi. 148 ; play various games of cat's cradle, VH. 103 n.1 ; women's agricultural labours among the, vii. 122; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, vni. 139 ; their apologies to the ounces which they have caught in traps, vni. 235 ; at mouth of Amazon, beat themselves with an aquatic plant to increase their gener- ative force, ix. 264 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56, 59 sq. ; ordeals undergone by young men among the, x. 62 sq.
, Indians of North- Western, their
masked dances, vii. in sq. , ix. 236, 381
Bread, leavened, Flamen Dialis forbidden to touch, hi. 13 ; fast from, in mourn- ing for Attis, v. 272 ; communion, baked from first coi n cut, viii. 51 ; eaten sacramentally as the body of a god, viii. 86 sqq. ; unleavened, baked with new corn, viii. 136 ; the sacramental use of, viii. 167 ; reverence for, x. 13
Bread-fruit, magical stones to promote the growth of, i. 162 sq.t 164; cere- mony at eating the new, viii. 52 sq. ; tree planted over navel-string of child, xi. 163
Breadalbane, use of a scapegoat in, ix. 209; "hill of the fires" in, x. 149; treatment of mad cow in, x. 326
Breasted, Professor J. H. , on the eye of Horus, vi. 121 tt.8; on Amenophis IV., vi. I23W.1; on the Sed festival, vi. 156 n.1
Breath, holy fire not to be blown upon with the, ii. 241 ; of chief sacred, iii. 136, 256 ; of dying chief caught by his successor, iv. 198; not to defile sacred flame, v. 191
11 , scoring above the," cutting a
witch on the forehead, x. 315 w.2
Breathing on a person as a mode of purification, iii. 149
Breconshire, the sin-eater in, ix. 43
Breech-cloth worn by widow to keep off her husband's ghost, iii. 143
Breezes, magical means of securing, iv. 287
Breitenbrunn, the "Charcoal Man" at Midsummer at. xi. 26 n?
Brekinjska, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x
282 Brenner, J. von, on savage fear of being
photographed, iii. 99 Bresse, the Marine in May in, ii. 96 ;
"cutting off the fox's tail " at harvest
in, vii. 268 ; the King of the Bean in,
ix. 315 n. l ; Midsummer bonfires in,
x. 189
Brest, Midsummer fire-custom at, x. 184 Bret Harte, Relieving Guard, iv. 66 n.4;
on the Spanish missions in California,
viii. 171 n.1 Breteuil, canton of, Midsummer fires in
the, x. 187 Brethren of the Free Spirit, i. 408
of the Ploughed Fields (Fratres
Arvales], a Roman college of pnests, ii. 122, vi. 239, ix. 232. See also Arval Brothers
Breton belief that women can be im- pregnated by the moon, x. 76
peasants, their way of getting
rain, i. 306 sq. ; throw knives at the wind, i. 329
stories of the external soul, xi.
132 sq.
superstitions as to the tides, i. 167
Bretons, their dread of noon, iii. 88 Brewing, continence observed at, iii. 200
201 sq. ; water to be called by another name in, in. 395
Bre/ina, in Slavonia, need-fire at, x. 282 Brhaspati, as a magician, i. 241 Bnar^on, in Dauphine", the Bridegroom of the Month of May at, ii. 92 sq. \ " the Cat of the ball -skin" at harvest at vii. 280 sq.
Briar- thorn, divination by, x. 242 Bribri Indians of Costa Rica, their ideas as to the uncleanness of women, iii. 147, 149 ; seclusion of women at men- struation among the, x. 86 Bricknell, J. , on a custom of the Caro- lina Indians, iv. 184 sq. Bridal pair, the, at Whitsuntide in Saxony, ii. 91 ; at rice-harvest in Java, vii. 200 sq.
Bride tied to tree at marriage, ii. 57 ; the Whitsuntide, ii. 89, 96 ; the May, ii. 95 ; led to or round the hearth at marriage, ii. 221, 230, 231 ; races for a, ii. 300 sqq. ; contests for a, ii. 305 sqq. ; fishing-net thrown over, iii. 307 ; dressed as a man, vi. 260 ; the last, privilege of, ix. 183 ; not allowed to tread the earth, x. 5 ; last married, made to leap over bonfire, xi. 22
and bridegroom, the Whitsuntide,
ii. 91 sq. ; the Midsummer, in Sweden, ii. 92, v. 251 ; all knots on their garments unloosed, iii. 299 sq. ; carry
GENERAL INDEX
197
locked locks at marriage, iii. 308 ; mock, at bonfires, x. 109 sq.
Bride of God, the, in a rain-making cere- mony, i. 276
, name given to last sheaf, vii. 162, 163
of the Nile, vi. 38
race among Teutonic peoples, ii.
303 sqq.
Bride, parish of, in the Isle of Man, x. 306, 307 n.1
Bridegroom, the Whitsuntide, ii. 91 ; girt with a net, iii. 307; dressed as a woman, vi. 260 sq. \ disfigured in order to avert the evil eye, vi. 261 ; not to touch the ground with his feet, x. 5
of May, ii. 91, 93, iv. 266
Bridget's bed on the night before Candle- mas in the Highlands of Scotland and the Isle of Man, ii. 94 sq. See also St. Bridget
Bridlington, the Boy Bishop at, ix. 338
Brie (Isle de France), the May-tree and Father May at, ii. 74 sq. ; farmer tied up in first sheaf at, vii. 221 ; stranger tied up in sheaf at harvest at, vii. 226 ; effigy of giant burnt on Midsummer Eve at, xi. 38
Brigit, a Celtic goddess, ii. 95, 240 sqq. ; her Christian namesake and successor at Kildare, ii. 240 sqq. See also St. Brigit
Brihaspati, Hindoo deity, i. 166, x. 99 «.2
Brimo and Brimos, in the mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 139
Brincker, Dr. P. H. , on the sacred sticks representing ancestors among the Herero, ii. 224 w.4
Bringing in Summer, iv. 233, 237, 238, 246 sqq.
Briony, wreaths of, at Midsummer, x. 210
Brisbane River in Queensland, use of bull-roarers on the, xi. 233 sqq.
British Columbia, Indians of, their dislike of telling their own names, iii. 328 ; respect the animals arid plants which they eat, vi. 44 ; their address to the first fish of the season, viii. 253 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 46 sqq. ; dread and seclusion of menstruous women among the, x. 89 sq. ; rites of initiation among the, xi. 270 sqq.
• , Koskimo Indians of, xi. 229
, the Kwakiutl of, i. 263, iii. 53,
188, 386, viii. 220, 250, xi. 152, 186
• , the Shuswap Indians of, i. 265, iii.
83, 142, viii. 226, 238, x. 53, xi. 174 «.2, 276 n.\ 297 «.8
, the Thompson Indians of, i. 132,
ii. 208, viii. 81, 133, 140, 207, 226, 268, ix. 154 n. , x. 49, 89 sq. , 98 n.1, xi. 275, 297
Britomartis and Minos, iv. 73
Brittany, belief as to death at ebb-tide in, i. 167 sq. ; the Veneti of, ii. 353 ; belief as to falling stars in, iv. 66 ; Burial of Shrove Tuesday or of the Carnival in, iv. 229 sq. ; Feast of All Souls in, vi. 69 ; belief as to warts and the moon in, vi. 149 ; Mother- sheaf at harvest in, vii. 135, 209 ; custom of sticking pins into a saint's image in, ix. 70 ; riddles asked after a burial in, ix. 121 sq. , n. ; forecasting the weather for the year in, ix. 323 sq. ; Midsummer fires in, x. 183 sqq. ; stones thrown into the Midsummer fires in, x. 240 ; the Yule log in, x. 253 ; mistletoe hung over doors of stables and byres in, xi. 287 ; fern-seed used by treasure-seekers in, xi. 288
Broccliande, the wild woods of, i. 306
Brocks, prehistoric ruins, x. 291
Brockelmann, C. , on the Assyrian eponymate, iv. 116
Brocken, in the Harz mountains, asso- ciated with witches, x. I6OW.1, 171 «.*
Brodek, in Moravia, drama of Summer and Winter at, iv. 257
Bromios, epithet of Dionysus, vii. 2 n.1
Bromo, volcano in Java, worshipped, v. 220 sq.
Bronze employed in expiatory rites, iii. 226 n.6 ; priests to be shaved with, iii. 226
Age, in Denmark, ii. 351 ; rock- carving of the, in Sweden, vii. 129 n.1
knife to cut priest's hair, iii. 14
ploughs used by Etruscans at found- ing cities, iv. 157
Brooke, Rajah, of Sarawak, viii. 211 ; supposed to fertilize the rice-crops, i. 361 sq.
Broom, a protective against witchcraft, x. 210
Brooms used to sweep misfortune out of house, ix. 5
Broomstick in rain-making, i. 275
Broomsticks, witches ride on, ix. 162, 163
Brother of a god, v. 51 ; dead elder, worshipped, vi. 175
and sister not allowed to mention
each other's names, iii. 344
"Brother" and "sister," titles given by men and women to their sex totems, xi. 215, 216, 218
Brotherhood formed with trees by sucking their sap, ii. 19 sq. \ of the Green Wolf at Jumieges in Normandy, x. 185 sq. See also Blood -brotherhood
Brothers reviled by sisters for good luck, i. 279 ; of king put to death on his accession, iii. 243 ; childless persons
198
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
named after their younger, iii. 332, 333 ; ancient Egyptian story of the Two, xi. 134 sqq.
Brothers and sisters, marriages of, in royal families, iv. 193 sg. , v. 44 ; in ancient Egypt, vi. 214 sqq. | their intention to keep the property in the family, vi. 215 sq.
.. -in-law, their names not to be pro- nounced, iii. 338, 342, 343, 344,
345
Brown, A. R. , as to the Andaman Islanders, ii. 254 n. ; on the beliefs of the West Australian aborigines as to the causes of childbirth, v. 104 sqq.
Brown, Dr. Burton, on a burial custom of the Nagas, viii. 100 «.2
Brown, Dr. George, on the magical powers ascribed to chiefs in New Britain, i. 340 ; on snakes as reincar- nations of chiefs, v. 84 ; on the annual appearance of the Palolo veridis in the Samoan Sea, ix. 142 n.1 ; on the seclusion of girls at puberty in New Ireland, x. 32 sqq. \ on external soul in Melanesia, xi. 199
Bruck in Styria, the last sheaf called the Corn-mother at, vii. 134
Bructeri, a German tribe, worship a woman, i. 391
Bruges, Feast of All Souls in, vi. 70
Brughe, John, his cure for bewitched cattle, x. 324 sq.
Brugsch, H., on Egyptian names for a year, vi. 26 n.1 ; on the Sothic period, vi. 37 n. ; on the grave of Osiris at Philae, vi. in ; on Isis as a personified corn-field, vi. 117
Bruguiere, Mgr. , on the fear of demons in Siam, ix. 97 ; on the annual ex- pulsion of the devil in Siam, ix. 150 sq.
Brund (or brand), the Christmas, the Yule log, x. 257
Brunhild, Queen of Iceland, the wooing of, ii. 306 sq.
Brunnen, Twelfth Night at, ix. 165
Brunshaupten, in Mecklenburg, the Wheat-wolf at harvest at, vii. 274
Brunswick, custom at Whitsuntide in, ii. 56 n.9 ; May King at Whitsuntide in, ii. 84, 85 ; the May Bride at Whitsun- tide in, ii. 96 ; dramatic contest between Summer and Winter in, iv. 257 ; toothache nailed into a wall or a tree in, ix. 62 ; belief as to menstruous women in, x. 96 ; Easter bonfires in, x. 140 ; need-fire in, x. 277 sg.
finishes used in magic, i. 132
Brutus, D. Junius, his mitigation of human sacrifices at graves, iv. 143 n.4
— , L. Junius, one of the first consuls, ii. 290 ; his feigned imbecility, ii. 201
Brutus, the assassin, his meeting with Cicero, i. 5
Bryant, Jacob, and Noah's ark, i. 334
Bubastis, shrine of, at Nemi, i. 5
Bubui River, in German New Guinea, viii. 295
Buch, Max, on a ceremony of the Wotyaks, ii. 146
Buchan, Hallowe'en fires in, x. 232 sq.
Buchanan, Francis, on Burmese natst ix. 175 sq.
Bfiche de Noel, the Yule log, x. 249
Buckie, names tabooed by fishermen in the village of, iii. 395
Buckthorn, a charm against witches on May Day, ii. 54 ; a protection against thunderbolts, ii. 191 n.1 ; torch of, at a Roman marriage, ii. 191 n.1 ; a pro- tection against witches, ii. 191, ix. 153 n.1, 163 ; used in making fire by friction, ii. 251 ; chewed to keep off ghosts, ix. 153 ; used to beat cattle, ix. 266
Buckwheat cultivated in Burma, vii. 242
Bucolium at Athens, vii. 30
Buddha appealed to for rain, i. 251, 299 ; image of, whipped in drought, i. 297 ».7 ; images of, drenched as a rain- charm, i. 308; imitated by a king of Burma, i. 400 ; thought to be incarnate in the Grand Lamas, i. 411 ; images of, iii. 253 ; transmigrations of, viii. 299, 301, ix. 41 ; date of his death, viii. 302 tf.7 ; in relation to spirits, ix. 97 ; offerings to, ix. 150
and Buddhism, vi. 159
and the crocodile, Indian story, xi.
102 «.4
, Footprint of, in Siam, iii. 275
Buddhas, living, i. 410 sq.
Buddhism, Tibetan form of, iii. 20; spiritual declension of, v. 310 sq. ; in relation to lower religions, ix. 89, 90 n.1, 94, 95 sqq. ; in Burma, ix. 95 sg. ; the pope of, ix. 223
Buddhist animism not a philosophical theory, ii. 13 sg.
Lent, the, ix. 349 sg.
monk, who sent his soul out of
himself, ii. 49 sg.
monks, suicide of, iv. 42 sg. ; cere- mony at the funeral of, ix. 175
priests expel demons, ix. 116
Buddhists of Ceylon, their propitiation of demons, ix. 90 n.1 ; the Laosians of Siam nominal, ix. 97 Budding of a bean an omen, ii. 344 Budge, E. A. Wallis, on trinities of Egyptian gods, iv. 5 «.8; on goddess Net, v. 282 n. ; on an Egyptian funeral rite, vi. 15 ».2 ; on Isis, vi. 115 sg. ; on the nature of Osiris, vi. 126 «.8: on tb«
GENERAL INDEX
199
solar theory of Osiris, vi. 131 w.8; on the historical reality of Osiiis, vi. 160 n.1 ; on Khenti-Arnenti, vi. 198 n.2', on human sacrifices in ancient Kgypt, vii. 259 «.3 ; on the shrines of Osiris, vii. 260 ».2 ; on the fear of demons among the ancient Egyptians, ix. 1035^.
Buduna tribe of West Australia, their beliefs as to the birth of children, v. 104 sq.
Buecheler, F. , his corruption of the text of Petronius, ix. 253 n.2
Buffalo sacrificed for human victim, vii. 249 ; external souls of a clan in a, xi. 151 ; a Batta totem, xi. 223
Buffdlo-bull, name given to the last sheaf, vii. 289
- calf, sins of dead transferred to a, ix. 36 sq.
- clan in Uganda, x. 3
- dance to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171
- Society among the Omahas, i. 249 Buffaloes not to be mentioned by their
proper name, iii. 407, 408, 412 ; sacrificed instead of young girls, iv. 124 ; propitiation of dead, vm. 229, 231 ; their death bewailed, viii. 242 ; the resurrection of, viii. 256 ; revered by the Todas, viii. 314 ; as scapegoats, ix. 190, 191 ; external human souls in, xi. 207, 208 Buffooneries at the Festival of Fools, ix.
335 **
Buginese of Celebes, their homoeopathic charm to ensure longevity, i. 158 ; their use of the regalia as a remedy for plague or dearth, i. 363 ; their belief as to the blighting effects of incestuous blood, n. no ; their custom of swing- ing at harvest, iv. 277 ; ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183
- sailors, words tabooed to, iii. 413 Bugis of South Celebes, effeminate priests
or sorcerers among the, vi. 253 sq. Buhl, St. John's fires at, x. 168 Biihler, G., on the identity of the names
Perkunas and Parjanya, ii. 367 n? \
on Parjanya, ii. 369 Building shadows into foundations, iii.
- of a canoe, continence at the, iii. 202
- a house, taboos observed after, ii. 40 ; Malay custom as to shadows in, iii, 81
- houses, magic art resorted to in, ix. 81
- - a new village, continence at, iii.
202 Buir, in district of Cologne, last sheaf
shaped like wolf at, vii. 274 Bukaua, the, of German New Guinea,
tell stories to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 103 sq. , 105 ; their observation of the Pleiades, vii. 313 ; their offerings of first-fruits to the spirits of the dead, viii. 124 sq. ; their belief in demons, ix. 83 sq. ; girls at puberty secluded among the, x. 35 ; their rites of initiation, xi. 239 sqq.
Bukowina, the Ruthenians of, i. 198 ; witches on St. George's Day in, ii. 335
Bu-ku-rtl, ceremonial uncleanness, in Costa Rica, iii. 147, x. 65 w.1, 86
Bulaa, village in New Guinea, iii. 192 «.a
Bulawayo, capital of the Matabele, rain- making ceremony at, i. 351 ; ceremony of the first-flints at, vm. 70
Bulebane, in Senegambia, precaution as to the spittle of chiefs at, iii. 289
BuMon, Mgr. , on the rite of blood- brotherhood with an animal, quoted by Father H. Tnlles, xi. 202 n.1
Bulgaria, ceremony of adoption in, i. 74 ; rain-making in, i. 274 ; rolling in the dew on St. George's morning in, ii. 333 1 superstition as to milk and butter on St. George's Day in, ii. 339 ; building custom in, iii. 89 ; marriage customs in, vi. 246 ; masquerade at Carnival in, viii. 333 sq. ; cure for fever in, ix. 55 ; the Yule log in, x. 264 n.1 ; need-fire in, x. 281, 285; simples and flowers culled on St. John's Day in, xi. 50 ; creeping through an arch of vines as a cure in, xi. 180 ; creeping under the root of a willow as a cure for whooping-cough in, xi. 1 80 sq. See also Bulgarian and Bul- garians
, Simeon, prince of, xi. 156 sq.
Bulgarian charm for guarding cattle from wolves, iii. 307
peasants threaten fruit-trees to make
them bear fruit, ii. 21
superstition as to crossed legs, iii.
299
women, their charm to hoodwink
their husbands, i. 149 ; their charm to procure offspring on St. George's Day,
ii- 344
Bulgarians, their customs as to the last sheaf at harvest, vii. 146; the Carnival among the, viii. 331 sqq. ; their way of keeping off ghosts, ix. 153 n.1
Bull sacrificed to Poseidon, i. 46 ; blood of, drunk by priestess to procure in- spiration, i. 381 sg. ; as emblem of a thunder-god, ii. 368, v. 134 sqq. , 136 ; sacrificed to the dead, iii. 227 ; Pasi- phae and the, iv. 71 ; as symbol of the sun, iv. 71 sq. ; as type of re- productive energy, iv. 72 ; the brazen, of Phalaris, iv. 75 ; perhaps th«
200
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
king's crest at Cnossus, iv. in sq. ; said to have guided the Samnites, iv. 1 86 «.4 ; as emblem of generative force, v. 123 ; worshipped by the Hittites, v. 123, 132; Hittite god stand ing on a, v. 135 ; as symbol of thunder and fertility, v. 163 sq, ; the emblem of the Father God, v. 164 ; worshipped at Euyuk, v. 164 ; testicles of, used in rites of Cybele and Attis, v. 276 ; in relation to Dionysus, vii. 16 sq., 31 ; corn-spirit as, vii. 288 sqq. , viii. 8 ; sacrificed at Zulu festival of first-fruits, viii. 68 n.3', sacrificed to the dead, viii. 113. See also Bulls
Bull, black, sacrificed to the dead at Plataea, iv. 95
and cow, represented by masked
actors, iv. 71
• , live, torn to pieces in rites of
Dionysus, vii. 15, 17, viii. 16 — — , sacrifice of, at Egyptian funeral, vi. 15 ; to prolong the life of a king, vi. 222 ; to Zeus, the Saviour of the City, vi. 238 ; at the foundation of a town, vi. 249 ; at Magnesia, viii. 7 sq. ; in Mithraic religion, viii. 10 ; at festival of new fruits, viii. 68 «.8 ; at tomb of dead chief, viii. 113. See also Bulls — — — , white, sacrificed, ii. 188 sq. ; soul
of dead king incarnate in a, vi. 164 Bull-fights and athletic games at festival of new fruits, viii. 66
headed image of the sun, iv. 75,
76, 78
roarers, sacred, used in magical cere- monies to multiply totems, i. 88 ; used to make fine weather, i. 265, with note4 ; sounded to make wind blow, i. 324, xi. 232 ; whirled at tearing dogs to pieces, vii. 19 w.1 ; whirled to make the crops thrive and to multiply game, vii. 104, 1 06 sq. , no, xi. 230 sq.t 232 ; fertiliz- ing virtue attributed to, by savages, vii. 106, xi. 230 sq. ; called the " mother of yams," vii. 106 ; swung at Greek mysteries, vii. no ; sounded at initia- tion of lads, viii. 295, xi. 227, 228 W-« 233 S34'i 24°» 24* I swung at kindling of sacred fire, x. 133 ; sound of, thought to resemble thunder, xi. 228 sqq. ; sounded at festivals of the dead, xi. 230 n. \ made from trees struck by lightning, xi. 231 ; called 14 thunder and lightning," xi. 232 ; magical instrument for causing thun- der, wind, and rain, xi. 233 ; sound of, supposed to be the voice of a spirit, xi. 233, 234, 235 ; not to be seen by women, xi. 234, 235, 942 ; called by name which means a
ghost or spirit of the dead, xi. 242 ; called by the same name as the monster who swallows lads at initia- tion, xi. 242 ; kept in men's club- house, xi. 242 ; named after dead men, xi. 242 n.1 Bull-shaped deities, vii. 3 sqq. Bull's blood drunk as means of inspira- tion, i. 381 sq. ; as ordeal, i. 382 n.1 ; bath of, in the rites of Attis, v. 274 sq.
hide, bride seated on a, vi. 246 ;
cut in strips and pegged down round the site of a new town, vi. 249
skin, body of the dead placed in a,
vi. 15 n.2
Bullets, magical treatment of, i. no;
magical modes of averting, i. 130 ;
blessed by St. Hubert used to shoot
witches with, x. 315 sq.
Bullock, bewitched, burnt to cause the
witch to appear, x. 303 Bullocks as scapegoats, ix. 34, 35 Bulloms, the, of Sierra Leone, their
observation of the Pleiades, vii. 318 Bulls sacrificed to water-spirits, ii. 157 ; husband -god at Hierapolis seated on, v. 163 ; sacrificed at caves of Pluto, v. 206 ; sacrificed to Perse- phone, v. 213 n.1 ; sacrificed to dead chiefs, vi. 191 ; eaten to make eater brave, viii. 140 ; as scapegoats in Cashmeer, ix. 190 n.° ; as scapegoats in ancient Egypt, ix. 216 sq.
, sacred, of ancient Egypt, viii. 34 sqq.
Bulmer, J., on concealment of personal names among the aborigines of Vic- toria, iii. 321
Bundelcund, stopping rain in, i. 296 Bundles of sticks representing ancestors,
ii. 214, 216 Bunjil Kraura, a wind -maker of the
Kurnai, i. 324 Bunsen, Baron C. C. J., on St. Hippo-
lytus, i. 21 w.2 Bunyoro, in Central Africa, scapegoats
sent to, ix. 195
Bunzlau, district of Silesia, last sheaf made up in shape of ox in, vii. 289 sq. Burchard, Bishop of Worms, his con- demnation of a heathen practice, xi. 191 Bures, bonfires on the first Sunday in
Lent, x. no n.lt in n.1 Burford, in Oxfordshire, Midsummer
giant and dragon at, xi. 37 Burgebrach in Bavaria, straw-man burnt
on Ash Wednesday at, iv. 232 Burghead, the burning of the Clavie at, iii. 229 sq. , x. 266 sq. ; the old rampart at, x. 267 sq. Burghers or Badagas. See Badagas
GENERAL INDEX
201
Burglars, charms employed by, to cause sleep, i. 148 sq.
Burgundians deposed their kings for failure of the crops, i. 366
Burgundy, Firebrand Sunday in, x. 114 ; the Yule log in, x. 254
Burial at flood tide, i. 168 ; alive of unfaithful virgins in Rome and Peru, ii. 228, 244 ; alive, in other cases, ii. 228 n.* ; at night, iii. 15 ; of the aged, iv. ii sq.\ in jars, iv. 12 sq. \ of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 228
of infants, ix. 45 ; to ensure their
rebirth, iv. 199 sq., v. 91, 93 sqq.
under a running stream, ni. 15 ; at
cross-roads, v. 93 n.l\ at Gezer, v. 108 sq. ; of Osiris in his ntes, vi. 88
of the wren in the Isle of Man, viii.
318 sq.
Burial customs, certain, perhaps designed to ensure reincarnation, i. 101 sqq. ; to prevent the escape of the soul, iii. 5i, 52
-grounds, magical stones kept in,
i. 163 ; regarded as holy, ii. 31 ; deemed sacred, viii. in
rites intended to deceive ghosts or
demons, viii. 97 sqq.
Burials, customs as to shadows at, iii. 80 sq. ; fictitious, to divert the atten- tion of demons from the real burials, viii. 98 sqq. ; passing through narrow openings after, xi. 175 sq. , 177 sq. , 178 sq.
Buring Une, a Kayan goddess, vii. 93
Burkitt, Professor F. C. , on Jesus Bar- abbas, ix. 420 «.*
Burlesques of ecclesiastical ritual, ix. 336 sq.
Burma, magical images in, i. 62 sq. ; the Shans of, i. 128, 308; the Karens or Karennis of, i. 209, ii. 69, 107, iii. 13, 43, 250, 252, 292, iv. 130 n.lt vii. 10, 189, xi. 157 ; rain-making by means of fish in, i. 288 sq. ; king of, claims divinity, i. 400 sq. ; the En of, ii. 41 ; Sagaing district of, ii. 46 ; Kengtung in, ii. 150 ; the Kachins of, it. 237, iii. 200, viii. 120 ; fire on hearth extinguished after a death in, ii. 267 «.4 ; kings of, screened from public gaze, iii. 125 sq. ; the Sotih of, iii. 237 ; royal princes executed with- out bloodshed in, iii. 242 ; the Sgaus of» "!• 337 I names of the kings of, not to be pronounced by their sub- jects, iii. 375 ; the Bghais of, vi. 60 ; securing the rice -soul in, vii, 189 sqq. \ the Taungthu of, vii. 190 ; the Szis of Upper, vii. 203 sq. ; custom of threshing rice in, vii. 203 sq. ; head- hunting in, vii. 256 ; offering of first-
VOL. XII
fruits to the king of, viii. 116; the Chins of, viii. 121 ; ravages of rats in, viii. 282 n.8 ; sacred fish in, viii. 291 ; heaps of stones or sticks in, ix. 12 ; belief in demons in, ix. 95 sq. ; ex- pulsion of demons in, ix. 116 sq. ; the tug-of-war in, ix. 175 sq.
Burmese, their conception of the soul as a butterfly, iii. 51 sq. ; their belief as to ghosts of men who have died a violent death, iii. 90 ; their conduct during an earthquake, v. 201
cure by burying effigy of sick man,
viii. 103
custom on return from a funeral,
iii. 51
doctrine of nats, ix. 175
Lent, ix. 349 sq.
mode of rain-making, i. 284 ; of
disposing of cut hair and nails, iii. 277
recall of lost soul, iii. 51 sq.
superstitions as to the head, iii.
253
Burne, Miss C. S., on Devonshire cus- tom of "crying the neck," vii. 266
, Miss C. S. , and Miss G. F. Jack- son, on " Souling Day " in Shropshire, vi. 78 sq. ; on the fear of witchcraft in Shropshire, x. 342 n.*
Burning refuse of food as a magical means of causing the eater to fall ill, i. 341 ; of sacred trees or poles, ii. 141 sq. ; of cut hair and nails to prevent them being used in sorcery, in. 281 sqq. ; of Melcarth, v. no sqq. ; of Sandan and Hercules, v. Tn.jsqq.t 388 sqq. ; of Cihcian gods, v. 170 sq. ; of Sardana- palus, v. 172 sqq. ; of Croesus, v. 174 sqq. ; of a god, v. 188 sq. ; of last sheaf of corn, vii. 146 ; of the Clavie at Burghead, x. 266 sq. ; of a bewitched animal or part of it to cause the witch to appear, x. 303, 305, 307 sq. ; of human beings in the fires, xi 21 sqq. ', of live animals at spring and Midsummer festivals, xi. 38 sqq. ; the animals perhaps deemed embodiments of witches, xi. 41 sq., 43 sq. ; of human victims annually, xi. 286 «.2
alive as a mode of executing royal
criminals, iii. 243 ; human victims to prolong king's life, vi. 226 ; human victims of Fire-god, ix. 301 ; animals to stay cattle-plague, x. 300 sqq.
effigies of the Carnival, iv. 223,
224, 228 sq. , 229 sq. , 232 sq. ; of Shrove Tuesday, iv. 227 sqq. ; of Winter at Zurich, iv. 260 sq. ; in the Midsummer fires, x. 195
the Easter Man, x. 144
- • the Old Wife (Old Woman)," x.
116, 120
202
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Burning the Old Witch, vii. 224
*' the Old Year," at Biggar, ix. 165 ;
among the Biyars of North- Western India, ix. 230 n."1
- the Witches (invisible or represented
by effigies) on May Day in the Isle of Man, 11. 54, x. 157, in the Tyrol, ix. 158 sq. ; on Walpurgis Night in Bohemia, ix. 161, x. 159, in Silesia and Saxony, ix. 161, x. 160 ; on Twelfth Night in Herefordshire, ix. 319 ; on the first Sunday in Lent in Luxemburg, the Tyrol, and Swabia, x. 116, in Switzerland, x. 118 sq. ; on Beltane (May Day) in Scotland, x. 154; at Hallowe'en in Scotland, x. 232 sq. • " Burning the Witches " name for fires of European festivals, xi. 43
.. witches (in flesh and blood) among
theBaganda, ix. 19 ; atLeith, ix. 165; in Germany, x. 6 ; after shaving them, xi. 158
Burning discs thrown into the air, x. 116 sq.t 119, 143, 165, 166, 1685^., 172
— -glass or mirror, fire kindled by, ii. 207 n.1, 243, 244 n.1
— wheels rolled down hill, x. 116, 117 sq.t 119, 141, 143, 161, 162 sq. , 163 sq., 166, 173, 174, 201, 328, 334, 337 sq. ; rolled over fields at Mid- summer to fertilize them, x. 191, 340, sq. ; perhaps to burn witches, x. 345
Burnings for dead kings of Judah, v. 177 sq. ; for dead Jewish Rabbis at Meiron, v. 178
Burns, Robert, on John Barleycorn, v. 230 sq. ; " bonny woods and braes " of Loudon.x. 207; on Hallowe'en, x. 234
Burnt alive, apotheosis by being, v. 179 sq.
Land of Lydia, v. 193 sq.
' sacrifices to stay cattle -plague in
England, Wales, and Scotland, x. 300 sqq.
Burrha, river, Hera's bath in the, v. 280
Burs, homoeopathic magic of, i. 144 ; a preservative against witchcraft, x. 177
Buru, East Indian island, sacrifice of girl to crocodile in, ii. 152 ; oil made by unmarried girls in, iii. 201 ; natives of, forbidden to utter their own names, iii. 324 ; names of relations tabooed among the Alfoors of, iii. 341 ; unlaw- ful to use words resembling the names of the dead in, iii. 361 ; use of oil as a charm in, v. 21 «.a ; the natives of, ascribe a soul to rice, vii. 183 ; " eating the soul of the rice "in, viii. 54 ; dog's flesh eaten to make eater brave in, viii. 145 ; demons of sickness expelled in a proa from, ix. 186
Buryat shaman, his mode of recovering lost souls, iii. 56 sq.
Buryats of Siberia place the bones of dead shamans in trees, ii. 32
" Burying the Carnival," iv. 209, 220 sqq.
bewitched animals alive, x. 324 sqq.
the evil spirit, ix. no
girls at puberty in the ground, x,
38 sqq.
" the sheaf" in Ireland, i. 69
Bush negroes of Surinam set up two- headed idols at entrance of villages, ii. 385 ; their belief that leprosy is caused by eating a certain animal, viii. 26
Bushes, ailments transferred to, ix. 54, 56
Bushmen, magical telepathy among the, i. 123 ; of the Kalahari desert, their fire sticks, ii. 218 n.1 ; custom as to their shadows, iii. 83 ; think it unlucky to speak of the lion by his proper name, iii. 400 ; their rules of diet based on sympathetic magic, viii. 140 sq. \ will not let their children eat a jackal's heart, viii. 141 ; unable to distinguish between animals and men, viii. 206 ; will not eat the sinew in the thigh of a hare, viii. 266 n.1 ; throw stones on the devil's grave, ix. 16 ; their prayers at a cairn, ix. 30 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 79 ; their way of warming up the star Sirius, x. 332 sq.
Bushongo, royal persons among the, not allowed to set foot on the ground, x. 4 ; their use of bull-roarers, xi. 229 ; their rites of initiation, xi. 264 sqq.
Busiris, an Egyptian city, Osiris," iii. 390, vii. 260 ; backbone of Osiris at, vi. n, 18 ; ritual of Osiris at, vi. 86, 87 sq. ; festival of Osiris in the month of Khoiak at, vi. 108 ; temple of Usirniri at, vi. 151
, king of Egypt, his human sacri- fices, vii. 259 ; slain by Hercules, vii.
259 Busiro, district containing the graves and
temples of the kings of Uganda, vi.
168, 169, 224 Busk, festival of first-fruits among the
Creek Indians, viii. 72 Busoga, pretended human sacrifice in,
iv. 215
Bust, double-headed, at Nemi, i. 41 sq. Bustard totem of the Ingarda, v. 104 Butea frondosa worshipped, viii. 119 ;
its flowers offered, ix. 136 Butlers, Roman, required to be chaste,
ii. 115 sq. , 205 Buto, city in Egypt, Horus and Isis at,
vi. 10 Butter, time for ..making, i. 167 ; stolen
by witches on May Day ii. 53 ; stolen
by witches on Walpurgis Night and
Midsummei Eve, ii. 127 ; thought to
GENERAL INDEX
203
be improved by the Midsummer fires, x. 1 80 ; bewitched, burnt at a cross- road, x. 322
"Butter-churning," Swiss expression for kindling a need-fire, x. 279
Butterflies, souls of dead in, vi. 164, viii. 290, 291, 296 sq. \ annual expulsion of, ix. 159 n.1
Butterfly, the soul as a, iii. 29 a.1, 41,
51 S3-
of the rice, vii. 190
Butterfly dance in Brazil, ix. 381
god in Samoa, viii. 29
Buttmann, Ph., on Virbius and the King of the Wood, i. 40 «.a ; on Janus as the god of doors, n. 383 «.3; on the derivation of janua from Janus, ii.
384 «-2
Buttner, C. G., on the firesticks of the Herero, ii. 218
Button-snake root used as a purgative, viii. 73. 75
Buzzard, the bald-headed, in homoeo- pathic magic, i. 155 ; killing the sacred, viii. 169 sqq.
Byblus, hair offerings to Astarte at, i. 30 ; Adonis at, v. 13 sqq. ; the kings of, v. 14 sqq. ; mourning for Adonis at, v. 38 ; religious prostitution at, v. 58 ; inspired prophets at, v. 75 sq. ; festival of Adonis at, v. 225 ; Osiris and Isis at, vi. 9 ; the queen of, vi. 9 ; Osiris associated with, vi. 22 sq.t 127; its relation to Egypt, vi. 127 n.1
Byrne, H. J., on Twelfth Night in Ros- common, ix. 321 sq.
Byron, Lord, and the oak, xi. 166
Byrsa, origin of the name, vi. 250
Cabag Head, witches at, i. 135
Cabbages, charm to make cabbages grow, i. 136 sq. \ divination by, at Hallowe'en, i. 242 ; threatened by Esthonian peasants to make them grow, ii. 22. See also Kail
Cabugatan, in the Philippine Islands, the Igorrots of, viii. 292
Cabunian, Mount, grave of the Creator on, iv. 3
Cachar, the Kookies of, i. 160 n.*
Cacongo, in West Africa, rules observed by the king of, iii. 115, 118
Cactus, taboos observed by the Huichol Indians during their search for the sacred, i. 123 sq. ; hung at door of house where there is a lying-in woman,
"i- J55 Cadiz, death at low tide at, i. 167 ;
custom of swinging at, iv. 284 Cadmea, the, at Thebes, named after
Cadmus, iv. 79 Cadmus, servitude of, for the slaughter
of the dragon, iv. 70 ».!, 78; the slayer of the dragon at Thebes, iv. 78 sq. ; seeks Europa and founds Thebes, iv. 88 ; at Samothrace, iv. 89 «.4; turned into a snake, v. 86 sq. ; perhaps personated by the Laurel- bearer at Thebes vi. 241
Cadmus arid Harmonia, their transforma- tion into serpents, iv. 84 ; marriage of, iv. 88, 89
, Mount, v. 207
Cadys, king of Lydia, ii. 281 ; his son Sadyattes, v. 183
Caeculus born from the fire, ii. 197 ; son of the fire-god Vulcan, vi. 235
Caeles Vibenna, an Etruscan, ii. 196 «.
Caelian hill at Rome, ii. 185, 190
Caesar, Julius, robs Capitolme Jupiter, i. 4 ; his villa at Nemi, i. 5 ; his bene- ficent rule, i. 216 ; on the Hercynian forest, ii. 7 ; as to German observation of the moon, vi. 141 ; his regulation of the calendar, vi. 37, vii. 83 sq. , ix. 345 ; on the fortification walls of the Gauls, x. 267 ; on human sacrifices among the Celts of Gaul, xi. 32
Caesar, Lucius, his villa at Nemi, i. 5
Caesarea. See Everek
Caesars, their namederived from caesaries, ii. 180
Caffre boys at circumcision, customs observed by, iii. 156 sq.
girls, their remedy for a plague of
caterpillars, viii. 280
hunters, their ceremonies after
killing a lion, in. 220 ; their propitia- tion of the elephants which they kill, viii. 227
kings turn at death into boa-con- strictors, iv. 84
villages, women's tracks at, x. 80
CafTres, their rule as to eating mice, i. 118 ; corpulence a mark of rank among the, ii. 297 ; race for a bride among the, ii. 303 ; their superstitions as to their shadows, iii. 78 sq. , 83, 87 ; think that the shadows of trees are sensitive, iii. 82 ; expiation per- formed by man who had killed a boa- constrictor among the, iii. 221 sq. ; their horror of the pollution of blood, iii. 245 sq. ; their custom as to the blood of sacrifice, iii. 247 ; their dis- posal of their cut hair and nails, iii. 278 ; their use of knots as a charm on a journey, iii. 306 ; their custom of boiling a thief's name, iii. 331 ; call brides after their future children, iii. 3331 "women's speech" among the, iii. 335 sq. ; their purificatory cere- monies after a battle, vi. 251 sq. ; their festival of new fruits, viii. 64
2O4
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
sqq. \ inoculation with powdered char- coal among the, viii. 159 sq. ; their custom of fumigating infants, viii. 1 66 sq. ; will not eat the sinew of the thigh, viii. 266 n.1 ; their custom of adding stones to heaps, ix. n ; their prayers at cairns, ix. 30 Caffres of Natal, their rain -charm by means of a black sheep, i. 290 ; their festival of first-fruits, viii. 64 sqq.
of Sofala, their dread of hollow
things, i. 157 sq.
— — of South Africa, ix. 1 1, 30 ; their way of stopping a high wind, i. 321 sq. ; their superstition as to shadows, iii. 87 ; purified after battle, iii. 172, 174 sq. ; their belief and custom as to falling stars, iv. 65 ; date their new year by observation of the Pleiades, vii. 116, 315 sq. ; woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 116 ; transfer sick- ness from men to goats, ix. 31 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 30 ; use of bull-roarers among the, xi. 22g n. , 232
... of the Zambesi region believe that human souls transmigrate after death into animals, viii. 288 sq.
Cages, girls at puberty confined in, x. ytsqq.
Caidu, a Tartar king, ii. 306
Caiem, the caliph, iv. 8
Cailkach (Old Wife), name given to last corn cut, vii. 140 sqq. , 164 sqq.
beal-tint, the Beltane carline, x.
148
Caingua Indians of Paraguay, their fire customs, ii. 258 sq. ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 285 sq.
Cairns, cut hair buried in, iii. 274 sq. ; to which every passer-by adds a stone, ix. 9 sqq. \ near shrines of saints, ix. 21 ; offerings at, ix. 26 sqq. See also Heaps
Cairnshee, in Kincardineshire, Mid- summer fires on, x. 206
Cairo, ceremony of cutting the dams at, yi- 38, 39 sq. ; the old south gate of, ix. 63 ; cure for toothache and head- ache at, ix. 63
Caithness, the cutter of the last sheaf called Winter in, vii. 142 ; need-fire in, x. 290 sqq.
Cajaboneros Indians of Central America, their period of abstinence before sow- ing, ii. 105
Cajanus Indicus, pulse, cultivated by the Korwas, vii. 123
Cake called the Christmas Boar, vii. 302 sq. ; with coin in it at Carnival, omens drawn from, viii. 332 ; on
Twelfth Night used to determine the King, ix. 313 sqq. ; put on horn of ox, ix. 318 sq. ; St. Michael's, x. 149, 154 «.8; salt, divination by, x. 238 sq. \ the Yule or Christmas, x. 257, 259, 261 Cakes rolled as a mode of divination on St. George's Day, ii. 338 ; in obscene shapes, vii. 62 ; in human form, vii.
149 ; special, baked at threshing, vii.
150 ; of dough at the Thesmophoria, viii. 17 sq. ; as substitutes for animal victims, viii. 25 ; in the form of animals, viii. 95 «.2 ; sacrificial, baked of new barley or rice, vni. 120 ; made at Christmas out of last sheaf in form of goats, rams, or boars, viii. 328 ; special, at New Year, ix. 149 sq. ; with twelve knobs offered to Cronus and other deities, ix. 351, 351 «.3; Hallowe'en, x. 238, 241, 245; Beltane, x. 148 sq.t 150, 152, 153, 154, 155; divination by, x. 242, 243
Calabar, fetish king at, iii. 22 sq. \ soul of chief in sacred grove at, xi. 161 ; negroes of, their belief in external or bush souls lodged in animals, xi. 204 sqq. , 220, 222 «.6 ; the fattening-house for girls in, xi. 259
district, heads of chiefs buried
secretly in the, vi. 104
, Old, sacred grove of, ii. 42 ;
annual expulsion of demons at, viii. 1 08 ; biennial expulsion of demons at, ix. 203 sq.
River, iv. 197, ix. 28
Calabash, ceremony of breaking the, at
festival of new fruits, viii. 68 n.9 Calabashes, souls shut up in, iii. 72 Calabria, ceremony of " Sawing the Old Woman " in, iv. 241 ; custom of swing- ing in, iv. 284 ; Easter custom in, v. 254 ; murderers taste the blood of their victims in, viii. 156 ; annual ex- pulsion of witches in, ix. 157 ; holy water at Easter in, x. 123 Calah, ancient capital of Assyria, annual
marriage of the god Nabu at, ii. 130 Calamities, almost all, set down to witch- craft, xi. IQ sq. Caland, Dr. W. , on the magical nature
of Vedic ritual, i. 229 Calauria, Poseidon worshipped in, v.
203 w.2 Calbe, in the Altmark, the He-goat at
harvest near, vii. 287 Calchaquis Indians of Paraguay, their
way of keeping off death, iii. 31 Calcutta, keys as amulets in, iii. 236 Caldwell, Bishop R. , on devil-dancers in
Southern India, i. 382 Calenberg, holy oak near, ii. 371 Calendar, regulation of the early, an
GENERAL INDEX
205
affair of religion, iv. 69, vii. 83 ; the
natural, vi. 25 ; change in Chinese, x.
137 ; the reform of the, in relation to
floral superstitions, xi. 55 n.1 Calendar, the Alexandrian, used by
Plutarch, vi. 84 ; used by Theophanes,
ix. 395 n.1 — — of the primitive Aryans, ix. 325
, the Babylonian, ix. 398 n.2
of the Celts of Gaul, ix. 342 sq.
, the Coligny, i. 17 n.*t ix. 342
sqq.
, the Coptic, vi. 6 n.8
, the Egyptian, vi. 24 sqq. \ date of
its introduction, vi. 36 n.2 • of the Egyptian farmer, vi. 30 sqq.
of Esne, vi. 49 sq.
, the ancient Greek, determined by
astronomical considerations, iv. 68 sq. ;
regulated by the moon and of little
use to the husbandman, vii. 52 sq.,
80
of the Indians of San Juan
Capistrano in California, vii. 125 sq.
, the Julian, vi. 93 n.1 ; used by
Mohammedans, x. 218 sq.
of the Maya Indians of Yucatan,
vi. 29 «. , ix. 171
of the ancient Mexicans, its mode
of intercalation, vi. 28 n.s
, the Mohammedan, x. 216 sq. , 218
sq.
of Philocalus, v. 303 n.2, 304 «.8,
vi. 95 n.1
, the Roman, vii. 83 sq.
, the Syro-Macedonian, iv. 116
Calendars, the Roman Rustic, vi. 95 n.1 ; the Pleiades in primitive, vii. 307 sqq. ; conflict of, x. 218
Calendeau, calignau, the Yule-log at Marseilles, x. 250
Calf shod in buskins sacrificed to Diony- sus, vii. 33 ; the genitals of, served up to man who gave last stroke at threshing, vii. 148 ; killed at harvest, vii. 290 ; mythical, in the corn, vii. 292 ; name applied to bunch of corn on harvest-field, vii. 292 ; sacrifice of buffalo, viii. 314 ; burnt alive to stop a murrain, x. 300 sq. See also Calves
Calico. Puran, an Indian law-book, i. 63, iv. 217
Calicut, rule of succession observed by the kings of, iv. 47 sqq. , 206 ; cere- monies at sowing in, ix. 235
California, the Digger Indians of, viii. 164
• , the Karok Indians of, vi. 47, viii.
2SS
, the Maidu Indians of, i. 122, 357,
xi. 295, 298
, the Nishinam tribe of, iii. 338
California, the Pomos of, ix. 170 sq.
, the Senal Indians of, xi. 295
, the Yuki Indians of, i. 133
Cahforman Indians, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331 ; secrecy of per- sonal names among the, iii. 3,26 ; names of the dead not mentioned among the, iii. 352 ; their custom as to meteors, iv. 62 ; eat pine nuts, v. 278 n.z ; their annual festivals of the dead, vi. 52 sq. ; their notion that the owl is the guardian of the ' ' California big tree," vi. in n.1 ; women's work among the Indians of San Juan Capi- strano, vii. 125 ; their calendar, vii. 125 sq. ; their custom of killing the sacred buzzard, viii. 169 sqq. ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, vni. 286 sq. ; seclu- sion of girls at puberty among the, x. 41 sqq. ; ordeals among the, x. 64
missions, the Spanish, viii. 171 n.1
Caligula, his barges on the lake of Nemi,
i. 5 ; and the priest of Nemi, i. n ;
and King Agrippa, ix. 418
Callander, the parish of, Beltane fires in,
x. 150 sqq. ; Hallowe'en fires in, x. 231
Callaway, Rev. Henry, on chiefs as
medicine - men, i. 350 «.2; on the
worship of the dead among the Zulus,
vi. 184 sq. ; on the observation of the
Pleiades by the Amazulu, vii. 316
Callias, the Eleusinian Torch-bearer, vii.
54. 73 «-8 Callirrhoe, the springs of, in Moab, v.
214 sqq. Callo, a holy spirit among the Gallas, i.
396 Calmucks, race for bride among the, ii.
301 sq. ; divine by shoulder-blades of
sheep, iii. 229 «.4 See also Kalmucks Calotropis gigantea, man married to, in
Southern India, ii. 57 «.4 procera, used in kindling fire by
friction, ii. 209 Calpurnius Piso, L., on the wife of
Vulcan, vi. 232 sq. Caltanisetta, in Sicily, violence done to
St. Michael at, i. 300 Calves, unborn, sacrifice of, viii. 42 ;
burnt to stop disease in the herds, x.
301, 306. See also Calf Calycadnus River, in Cilicia, v. 167 «.a Calymnos, a Greek island, superstition
as to menstruous women in, x. 96 sq. ;
Midsummer fires in, x. 212 Camasene and Janus, vi. 235 «.6 Cambaita, custom of religious suicide at,
iv. 54 Cambodia, mode of annulling evil omens
in, i. 170 sqq. ; custom as to effacing
impressions of pots in ashes in, i. 214 ;
206
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
the Chams of, i. 280 ; the regalia re- garded as a palladium in, i. 365 ; human incarnations of gods in, i. 385 sq. ; special terms used with reference to per- sons of the blood royal in, i. 401 n.'A ; Kings of Fire and Water in, ii. 3 sqq.t iii. 17, iv. 14 ; the King of, sends presents to the Kings of Fire and Water, ii, 5 ; sacred trees in, ii. 46 ; use of fire kindled by lightning in, ii. 256 n.1 ; kings of, not to be touched, iii. 226 ; the king of, ceremony at cutting his hair, iii. 265 ; kings of, their names not to be mentioned, in. 376 ; annual temporary king in, iv. 148 sq. ; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 61 sq. ; the Banars of, viii. 33 ; vicarious use of effigies to save sick people in, viii. 103 ; the Stiens of, viii. 237 ; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 149 ; palace of the kings of, annually purged of devils, ix. 172 ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 70 ; ritual at cutting a parasitic orchid in, xi. 81
Cambodian hunter, homoeopathic magic used by, i. 109 sq.
or Siamese story of the external
soul, xi. 102
Cambodians, their superstitions as to the head, iii. 254
Cambridge, the May Lady at, ii. 62 ; Jack-in-the-Green at, ii. 83 n.1 ; per- sonal relics of Kibuka, the war -god of the Baganda, preserved at, vi. 197; ancient customs in, vii. 146 ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1 ; Lord of Misrule at, ix. 330
Cambridgeshire, greasing the weapon instead of the wound in, i. 203 ; permanent May-pole in, ii. 71 n.1 ; the Straw-bear in, viii. 329 ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 n.1 ; witch as cat in, x. 317
Cambulac (Peking), Marco Polo as to, iii. 243 sq.
Cam bus o' May, near Ballater, holed stone at, xi. 187
Cambyses, king of Persia, his treatment of Amasis, v. 176 «.a
Camden, W., on Irish precautions against witches on May Day, ii. 53 ; on custom observed by the Irish when they fall, iii. 68
Camel, plague transferred to, ix. 33
Camel-races in honour of the dead, iv.
97 Camels not called by their proper name,
iii. 402 ; infested by jinn, ix. 260 Cameron, Hugh E., on the harvest
Maiden in Inverness-shire, vii. 162 n.3 Cameron, V. L., on divinity claimed by
an African chief, i. 395
Cameroon negroes, expiation for homi- cide among the, v. 299 w.'2
Camercons, chiefs as fetish-men in the, i. 349 ; the Ngumbu of the, ii. 210 ; the Duala tribe of the, iv. 130 n.1 \ the Bakundu of the, vm. 99 ; expulsion of the spirits of disease in the, ix. 120 sq. ; life of person bound up with tree in the, xi. 161 ; theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200, 202 sq.
Camillus, his triumph, ii. 174 n.2
Camomile (Anthemis nobtlis] burnt in Midsummer fire, x. 213 ; sacred to Balder, xi. 63 ; gathered at Mid- summer, xi. 63
Camp shifted after a death, iii. 353
Campbell, Rev. J oh n, on Bechuana super- stition as to trees and ram, n. 49 ; on refusal of Bechuanas to tell stones before sunset, m. 384 ; on Coranna treatment of the sick, xi. 192, 192 n.1
Campbell, Major - General John, on Khond human sacrifices, vii. 248, 250
Campbell, Rev. J. G., on the Harvest Old Wife in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 140, 165 sg. ; on deiseal, x. 151 n.
Campe, near Stade, the Fox in the corn at, vii. 296
Camphor, taboos observed in search for, i. 114 sq.\ telepathy in search for, i. 124 j?.; special language employed by searchers for, iii. 405 tyg. ; custom observed in the search for, viii. 186 n.
Camphor -trees, ceremonies at cutting down, ni. 406
Campo di Giove, in the Abruzzi, Easter candles at, x. 122
Santo at Pisa, contest between
angels and devils in the, ix. 175
Camul, custom as to hospitality in, v.
39 »-8
Canaanite kings of Jerusalem, v. 17
Canaamtes, their custom of burning their children in honour of Baal, iv. 168
Canada, Indians of, their belief that winds are caused by a fish, i. 320 ; capture of souls by wizards among the, ni. 73 ; kept their names secret, iii. 326 ; their ceremony for mitigating the cold of winter, iv. 259 sq. ; kept the bones of beavers from dogs, viii. 239 sq. ; would not eat the embryos of elks from fear of offending the mother-elks, viii. 243
Canar (Cuenca), in Ecuador, human sacrifices at harvest in, vii. 236
Canarese of South India, their euphemisms for a tiger, ni. 402
Canarium nuts, first-fruits of, offered to ghosts in Solomon Islands, viii. 126
Canary Islands, ram-making in the, b> beating the sea, i. 301
GENERAL INDEX
207
Can at bus, Hera's annual bath in the spring of, v. 280
Cancer, Tropic of, vii. 125
Candaules, king of Lydia, murdered by Gyges, ii. 281 ; descended from Her- cules, ii. 282 ; and the double-headed axe, v. 182, 183
Candle sent by Fire King to the King of Cambodia, ii. 5 sq. ; virginity tested by flame of, ii. 240, x. 139 n. ; the Easter or Paschal, x. 121, 122, 125 ; divination by the flame of a, at Hallow- e'en, x. 229 ; the Yule or Christmas, x. 255, 256, 260 ; external soul in a, xi. 125 sq. See also Candles
and apple, biting at, a Hallowe'en
sport, x. 241, 242, 243, 245
Candlemas (February 2nd), dances at, to make flax grow tall, i. 138 ; Bridget's bed on the night before, ii. 94, 242 ; pea-soup and pigs' bones eaten at, vii. 300; dances for the crops at, ix. 238; Lord of Misrule at, ix. 332, 333 ; in the Armenian church, bonfires at, x. 131 ; the Yule log at, x. 256 n.
candles, x. 264 «.4
Candles, Catholic practice of dedicating, i. 13 ; magical, used byburglais to cause sleep, i. 148, 149 ; made of human tallow and used by thieves, i. 236 ; lighted, tied to sacred oak, ii. 372 ; twelve, on Twelfth Night, ix. 321 sq ; burnt at the Feast of Purim, ix. 394 ; used to keep off witches, x. 245
Candy, sugar, in homoeopathic magic,
i- 157
Canelos Indians of Ecuador, afraid of being photographed, iii. 97 ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into jaguars, viii. 285
Canicular year, a Sothic period, vi. 36 n.2
Cannibal banquets of the ancient Mexi- cans, viii. 92, ix. 279 w.1, 283, 298
feast, legendary, at the Boeotian
Orchomenus, iv. 164
• orgies among the Indians of North- West America, vii. 18 sqq.
societies in ancient Greece and
Africa, iv. 83 ; among the Indians of North- West America, vii. 20 sq.
— Spirit among the Haida Indians, vii. 21
Cannibalism, in Australia, perhaps in- tended to ensure the reincarnation of the dead, i. 106 sq. ; at hair-cutting in Fiji, iii. 264 ; in certain cases perhaps intended to form a blood -covenant with the dead, viii. 156
Cannibals, taboos imposed on, among the Kwakiutl Indians, iii. 188 sqq. ; a secret society of the Kwakiutl Indians, vii. 20
Cannons, toy, as regalia, i. 364
Canoe, fish offered to, iii. 195
Canoes, continence observed at building,
iii. 202 Canopus, town in Egypt, the decree of,
vi. 27, 34 ft.1, 37 «., 88 w.2 Canopus, star, observed by the aborigines
of Victoria, vii. 308
and Sinus in Bushman lore, x. 333
Cantabrian coast of Spain, belief as to
death at ebb-tide on the, i. 167 Cantabrians, mother-kin among the, ii.
285 Canton, the province of, the Hak-Ka in,
ix. 144 , violence done to the rain-god at,
in time of drought or excessive rain,
i. 299 Canute, King of England, his marriage
with Emma, ii. 282 sq. Capaneus and Evadne, v. 177 «.8 Capart, Jean, on palettes found in
Egyptian tombs, xi. 155 n.3 Cape Bedford in Queensland, belief of the
natives as to the birth of children, v. 102
Coast Castle, on the Gold Coast,
annual expulsion of demons at, ix. 132 sq.
Padron, in Guinea, priestly king
near, ni. 5
Vancouver, in. 228, viii. 249 n.1
York Peninsula in Queensland, ex- traction of teeth among the natives of, i. 99, 100 ; the Gudangs of, ni. 346, 359 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the natives of, x. 37, 38
Capena, the Porta, at Rome, i. 18
Caper-spurge (Euphorbialathyns] burned on May Day as a protection against witches, ix. 158 sq. ; identified with mythical springwort, xi. 69
Capillary attraction in magic, i. 83
Capital of column, external soul in, xi. 156 sq.
Capital punishment among some peoples originally a sacrifice, v. 290 n.'2
Capitol at Rome, temple of Jupiter on the, ii. 174, 176, 184; image of Jupiter on the, ii. 175 ; built by Romulus, ii. 176 ; Jupiter worshipped on the, ii. 361 ; ceremonies at the rebuilding of the, vi. 244 ; the oak of Jupiter on the, xi. 89
at Cirta, image of Jupiter on the, ii.
177
Capitoline hill, Jupiter on the, ii. 184 ; hut of Romulus on the, ii. 200
Cappadocia, volcanic region of, v. 189 sqq. ; fire-worship in, v. 191 sq. ; the fire- walk at Castabala in, xi. 14
Capri, feast of the Nativity of the Virgin in, x, 220 sg.
208
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Capricorn, Tropic of, vii. 125 ; time when the sun enters the, xi. i
Caprificatio, ii. 314 «.2
Caprification, the artificial fertilization of fig-trees, ix. 257. See Fig-tree
Caprificus, the wild fig-tree, ii. 314 sq., ix. 258
Caps of clay worn by Australian widows in mourning, iii. 182 «.a ; worn by Aino mourners, x. 20
Captives killed and eaten, iii. 179 sq. \ unbound in house of Flamen Dialis, iii. 316
Car Nicobar, charm to make sunshine in, i. 314; exorcism in, v. 299 «.2; annual expulsion of devils in, ix. 201 sq.
Carabas and Barabbas, ix. 418 sq.
Caramantran, death of, on Ash Wednes- day in Provence, iv. 226
Carayahis, tribe of Brazilian Indians, dialectical differences in the speech of men and women among the, in. 348 sq.
Carberry Kinncat, king of Ireland, mis- fortunes of his reign, i. 367 sq.
Carcassone, hunting the wren at, viii. 320 sq.
Carceri, Father S. , on the sacred king of the Nubas, iii. 132 n.1
Carchemish, Hittite capital on Euphrates, v. 123, 137 n.2, 138 n.
Carchi, a province of Ecuador, All Souls' Day in, vi. 80
Cardiganshire, Hallowe'en in, x. 226
Carew, R. , on a Cornish custom, iv. 154 n.1
Caria, Zeus Labrandeus in, v. 182 ; poisonous vapours in, v. 205 sq.
Carian Chersonese, vni. 85
Carians, their mournings for Osiris, vi. 86 n.1
Caribou, taboos concerning, iii. 208
Caribs, war custom of the, i. 134 ; difference of language between men and women among the, iii. 348 ; their worship of the moon in preference to the sun, vi. 138 ; woman's share in agriculture among the, vii. 120 ; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139 sq. ; young warriors among the, ate the heart of a bird of prey to acquire courage, viii. 162 ; their theory of the plurality of souls, xi. 221
Carinthia, Green George in, ii. 75, 343 ; bride-race in, ii. 304 ; ceremony at the installation of a prince of, iv. 154 sq. ; harvest custom in, vii. 224 sq. ; new fire at Easter in, x. 124
Caripunas Indians of Brazil, use of bull- roarers among the, xi. 230 n.
Carley, the last bunch of corn at harvest in Antrim, vii. 144
Carlin or Carline, "the Old Woman ," female figure formed out of the last corn cut at harvest, vii. 140
Carlyle, Thomas, on the execution of the astronomer Bailly, v. 229 n.1
Carman ( Wexford), the fair of, iv. 100, 101
Carmichael, Alexander, on need-fire, x. 293 sqq. ; on snake-stones, xi. 311
Carmona, in Andalusia, annual ceremony observed by disguised boys at, ix. 173
Carn Brea, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires on, x. 199
Carna, nymph, won by Janus, ii. 190, vi. 235 «.6
Carnac, in Egypt, temples at, vi. 124 ; sculptures at, vi. 154. SeealsoKarnak
Carnarvonshire, the cutty black sow at Hallowe'en in, x. 240
Carmola, "Sawing the Old Woman" at Mid-Lent in, iv. 242
Carnival, dances at the, to make hemp grow tall, i. 137 ; a sort of, at Fazoql on the Blue Nile, iv. 17 ; burying the, iv. 209, 220 sqq. ; the burial and re- surrection of the, an expression of the death and revival of vegetation, iv. 252 ; swings taken down at, iv. 287 ; at Rome in the rites of Attis, v. 273 ; modern Thracian drama at the, vi. 99 sq. , vii. 26 sqq. , vni. 331 sqq. ; similar masquerade in Bulgaria at, vni. 333 sq. ; bell-ringing processions at the, ix. 247 ; Senseless Thurs- day in, ix. 248 ; in relation to the Saturnalia, ix. 312, 345 sqq. ; effigy burnt at end of, x. 120 ; wicker giants at the, xi. 35
and Purim, ix. 394
or Shrovetide Bear in Bohemia, viii.
325 sq.
" (Shrovetide) Fool," iv. 231
Carnmoor, in Mull, need-fire kindled on, x. 289 sq.
Carnwath, in Cornwall, Midsummer fires at, x. 199
Carolina, Indians of, king's son wounded among the, iv. 184 sq. ; their fear of harming snakes, viii. 217
Caroline Islands, treatment of the navel- string in the, i. 184 sq. ; Ponape in the, i. 401 n.s, iii. 25, 259, 362 ; Uap (Yap) in the, iii. 193, 227, 282, 290, 293, vi. 265, x. 36 ; taboos on fisher- men in the, iii. 193 ; wizards in the, iii. 290 ; traditionary origin of fire in the, xi. 295
Caron's Account of Japan , iii. 4 «.a
Carp clan of the Otawa Indians, viii. 225 n.1
Carpathian Mountains, the Huzuls of the, i. 113, 137, 280, iii. 270, 314, 396, 397, viii. 43 n.lt 275, ix. 32 sq., xi. 40:
GENERAL INDEX
209
Midsummer fires in the, x. 175 ; need- fire in the, x. 281
Carpathus, fear of having one's likeness taken in, iii. 100 ; laying out of corpses in, iii. 313 sq. See also Karpathos Carpenter, son of, as a human god, i.
376
Carpentras in Provence, rain-making at, i. 307
Carpet-snakes, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 90
Carpi ni, de Piano, on funeral customs of the Mongols, v. 293
Carrier Indians of North - Western America, their magic to snare martens, i. no ; their contagious magic of foot- prints, i. 210 ; their chastity before hunting, iii. 197 ; confession of sins among the, iii. 215 ; their belief in the reincarnation of the dead, iii. 367 sq. ; succession to the soul among the, iv. 199 ; their regard for the bones of martens and beavers, viii. 238 sq. ; funeral custom of the, x. n ; their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 91 sqq. ; their honorific totems, xi. 273 sqq.
"Carrying out Death," iv. 221, 233 sqq. , 246 sqq. , ix. 227 sq. , 230, 252
Carthage, Christians worshipping each other at, i. 407 ; legend and worship of Dido at, v. 113 sq. ; Hamilcar wor- shipped at, v. 116 ; the suffetes of, v. 116 n.1 ; rites of Cybele at, v. 274 n. ; the effeminate priests of the Great Mother at, v. 298 ; legend as to the foundation of, vi. 250
Carthaginian sacrifice of children to Moloch, iv. 75 ; to Baal, iv. 167 sq.
Carver, Captain Jonathan, on the rite of death and resurrection among the Naudowessies, xi. 267 sq.
Casablanca in Morocco, ix. 21 ; Mid- summer fires at, x. 214
Casalis, E. , on purification of Basuto warriors, iii. 172 ; on Zulu serpent- worship, v. 84 ; on the worship of the dead among the Basutos, vi. 179 sq.
Cashmeer, the Takhas of, i. 383 ; bulls as scapegoats in, ix. 190 «.8
Cashmeer stories of the external soul, ix. 100 sq. , 138 n.1
Caspar, Melchior, and Balthasar, the Three Kings of Twelfth Day, ix. 329 'sqq. , xi. 68
Cassange Valley in Angola, the Bangalas of the, ii. 293 ; human sacrifice at installation of king of, iv. 56 sq. ; kings of, their teeth preserved after death, iv. 203
Cassava or manioc cultivated by South American Indians, vii. 120 sq., 122
Cassel, in France, wicker giants on Shrove Tuesday at, xi. 35
Cassotis, oracular spring at Delphi, iv. 79
Cassowaries, souls of dead in, viii. 295 ; imitated by masked dancers, ix. 382 ; men disguised as, in Dukduk cere- monies, xi. 247
Cassowary totem in Mabuiag, viii. 207
Castabala in Cappadocia, the fire-walk at, v. 115, 168, XL 14
in Cilicia, worship of Perasian
Artemis at, v. 167 sqq.
Castabus, in the Carian Chersonese, sanctuary of Hernithea at, viii. 24 «.5, 85
Castaly, the oracular spring of, at Delphi, iv. 79
Castel Gandolfo, on the Alban Lake, i. 2
Castellamare, seven-legged effigy of Lent at, iv. 245
Castelnau, F. de, on the reverence of the Apinagos for the moon, vi. 146 sq.
Castighone a Casauria, in the Abiuzzi, Midsummer customs at, v. 246, x. 210
Castilian peasants, their dances in May, ix. 280
Casting the skin supposed to be a mode of renewing youth, ix. 302 sqq.
Castle Ditches, in the Vale of Glamorgan, bonfires at, x. 156
Castor and Pollux thought to attend the Spartan kings, i. 49 sq. ; their appear- ance in battle, i. 50
Castor's tune, v. 196 n.3
Castration, religious, in honour of Cybele, ii. 144 sq. ; practised by a modern sect in Russia, ii. 145 ; of Cronus and Uianus, v. 283; of sky-god, suggested explanation of, v. 283 ; of priests, sug- gested explanation of, v. 283 sq.
Castres, in Southern France, xi. 187
Casnanna leptoclada in magic, i. 213
Cat, blind, in homoeopathic magic, i. 153 ; wetted as a rain-charm, i. 262, 289 ; black, in rain-charm, i. 291 ; stone re- sembling a, used in rain-making, i. 308 sq. ; corn-spirit as, vii. 280^. ; killed at harvest, vii. 281 ; fever transferred to a, ix. 51 ; a representative of the devil, xi. 40 ; story of a clan whose souls were all in one, xi. 150 sq. ; a Batta totem, xi. 223. See also Cats
Cat's cradle forbidden to boys among the Esquimaux, i. 113 ; as a charm to arrest the sun, i. 316 sq., vii. 103 n.1 ; as a charm to promote the growth of the crops, vii. 101, 103 ; played by savages, vii. 103 n.1
tail, name given to last standing
corn, viii. 268
Catafalque burnt at funeral of king of Siam, v. 179
210
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Catalangans of Luzon offer first-fruits to the souls of their ancestors, viii. 124
Catalonia, funeral of Carnival in, iv. 225
Catania in Sicily, the vineyards of, v. 194 ; gardens of Adonis at, v. 245
Catat, Dr., his difficulty in photograph- ing in Madagascar, hi. 98
Caterpillars, superstitious precautions against, viii. 275 sq. , 279, 280; bon- fires as a protection against, x. 114
Catgut plant in homoeopathic magic, i. 144
Catholic Church, ritual of the, v. 54 ; ceremonies on Good Friday in the, v. 254, 255 sq. ; institutes feasts of All Saints and All Souls, vi. 83 ; enjoins continence during Lent, ix. 348 ; con- secrates the Midsummer festival to St. John the Baptist, x. 181
custom of dedicating candles, i. 13;
as to partaking of the Eucharist, vm. 83 ; of eating effigies of the Madonna, viii. 94
Germany, St. Leonhard in, i. 7
times in Scandinavia, i. 16
Catlin, George, on the power of medicine- men in North America, i. 356 ; on the conciliation of the spirits of slain foes, iii. 182
Cato, the Elder, on dedication of Arician grove to Diana, i. 22, 23 ; on expiation for thinning a grove, ii. 122 ; on the fodder of cattle, ii. 328 n 1 ; on lucky and unlucky trees, in. 275 «.3; on a Roman cure for dislocation, xi. 177
Cats worshipped in Egypt, i. 29 sq. ; witches changed into, n. 334, x. 315
tf-1. 3*7. 3l8- 3*9 5 with stumpy tails, reason of, iii. 128 sq. ; burnt in bonfires, x. 109, xi. 39 sq ; perhaps burnt as witches, xi. 41. See also Cat
Cattle, magical stones for the increase of, i. 162 ; Zulu charm to recover strayed, i. 212 ; fire tied to tails of, in rain-charm, i. 303 ; sacrificed in rain- making, i. 350; influence of tree-spirits on, ii. 50 sq., 55, 124 sq. \ crowned, as a protection against witchcraft, 11. 75, 126 sq. , 339, 341 ; under the pro- tection of woodland spirits, ii. 124 *q. ; crowned at the Ambarvalia, ii. 127 «.2; and milk, importance of, for the early Italians, ii. 324 ; Roman personal names derived from, ii. 324 w.1; driven to pasture for the first time on St. George's Day, ii. 331 ; bred by the people of the Italian pile vil- lages, ii. 353 w.3; continence observed for sake of, iii. 204 ; protected against wolves by charms, iii. 307 ; sacrificed instead of human beings, iv. 166 n. * ;
driven out to pasture at Whitsuntide, iv. 207 w.1 ; last sheaf given to, vii. 134, 155, 158, 161, 170 ; (plough oxen) Yule or Christmas Boar given to the, vii. 301, 302, 303 ; worship of, vm. 35, 37 sqq. ; first-fruits offered to, viii. 118 ; ceremony for recover- ing lost, ix. 14 ; disease of, transferred to scapegoats, ix. 32 sq. ; exposed to attacks of witches, ix. 162 ; beaten to do them good, ix. 266 sq. ; sacrificed at holy oak, x. 181 ; protected against sorcery by sprigs of mullein, x. 190 ; fire carried round, x. 201, 206 ; driven out to pasture in spring and back in autumn, x. 223 ; acquire the gift of speech on Christmas Eve, x. 254 ; driven through the need-fire, x. 270 sqq. ; killed by fairy darts, x. 303 ; lighted brands carried round, x. 341 ; thought to benefit by festivals of fire, xi. 4, 7 ; fumigated with smoke of Mid- summer herbs, xi. 53. See also Cows
Cattle and sheep driven through, round, or between bonfires, ii. 327, x. 108, 109, 141, 154, 157, 158, 159, 165, J7S» I7^> I79> I^5i 188, 192, 202, 203, 204, 285, 301, xi. 8, 9, ii sq. , 13
Cattle disease, the Midsummer fires a protection against, x. 176 ; attributed to witchcraft, x. 302 sq. , 343. See aho Murrain
-plague, need - fire kindled as a
remedy for, x. 270 sqq. ; sacrifice of an animal to stay a, x. 300 sqq.
rearing tribes of South Africa, their
dread of menstruous women, x. 79 sq.
stall, the, at Athens, ii. 137
Catullus on Diana, i. 6, 16 ; on self- mutilation of a priest of Attis, v. 270
Caucasus, the Pshaws of the, i. 182 ; the Chewsurs of the, i. 282, vi. 65 ; the Abchases of the, i. 282 n.4, ii. 370, vni. 105 ; the Albanians of the, iii. 349, v. 73, ix. 218 ; the Cheremiss of the, iii. 391 ; funeral games among the people of the, iv. 97 sq. ; sacraments of pastoral tribes in the, viii. 313
Caul, children born with a, can see spirits and are counted lucky, i. 187^., 199; used to fertilize a rice-field, i. 190 sq. ; guardian spirit of child thought to re- side in its, i. 199 sq. See also Cauls
Caul-fat extracted by Australian enemies, i»« 303 ; human, rubbed on body as a magical ointment, viii. 162
"Cauld aim," a protective charm, iii. 233
Cauldron, the magical, which makes the old young again, v. 181
Cauls bought by advocates, i. 199
Caunians of Asia Minor, their expulsion of foreign gods, ix. 116
GENERAL INDEX
211
Causal sequences in nature, recognition of, i. 374
Cauxanas, Indian tribe of the Amazon, kill all their first-born children, iv. 185 sq.
Cava, preparation and drinking of, viii. 131
Cavan, County, legendary idol in, iv. 183
Cave, spirit of, worshipped, i. 302 ; human god in, i. 394 sq. ; of Apollo at Hylae, i. 386 ; spirit of reindeer in, viii. 245 ; initiation of medicine-men by spirits in, xi. 237 sqq. See also Caves
Cave of Cruachan, the " Hell-gate of Ireland," x. 226
Caverns of Demeter, v. 88
Caves, prehistoric paintings of animals in, i. 87 w.1 ; in which ceremonies for producing rain are performed, i. 301 sq. ; limestone, v. 152 ; in Semitic religion, v. 169 n.8 See also Cave
Cavo, Monte, in the Alban Hills, i. 2
Cawthorne, in Yorkshire, May garlands (hoops) at, ii. 62 sq.
Caxton, in Cambridgeshire, ii. 71 /z.1
Cayeli, in Buru, sacrifice of girl to croco- dile in, ii. 152
Cayenne, the Indians of, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into fish, viii. 285
Cayor, in Senegal, king of, not allowed to cross the river or the sea, iii. 9
Cayzac, P., on confession among the Akikuyu, iii. 214
Cazembe, the king of, not to be seen drinking, iii. 118
Cazembes, the, of Angola, their dread of contact with their king, iii. 132 sq.
Cecrops, first king of Attica, married the daughter of his predecessor, ii. 277; said to have instituted marriage, ii. 284 ; half-serpent, half-man, iv. 86 sq. \ father of Agraulus, v. 145 ; father of Pandion, vii. 70 ; institutes the festival of Cronus, ix. 351
Cedar, sacred, in Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 sq. \ smoke of, inhaled as mode of inspira- tion, i. 383 sq.
sprung from the body of Osiris,
vi. no
Cedar -bark, ornaments of, worn in dances, ix. 376 ; red, used in cere- monies of a secret society, xi. 271
forests of Cilicia, v. 149, 150 «.*
tree, girl annually sacrificed to, ii.
17 ; Osiris interpreted as a cedar-tree god, vi. 109 ».1
wood burned as a religious rite,
ii. 130
Ceklinj, in Crnagora, divination on St.
George's morning at, ii. 345 Celaenae in Phrygia, skin of Marsyas
shown at, v. 288 ; home of Lityerses,
vii. 217
Celebes, the Buginese of, i. 158, iv. 277 ; rain - making in, i. 277 ; magical virtue of regalia in, i. 362^^.; Loowoo in, i. 364 ; fear of offending forest-spirits in, ii. 40; hooking souls in, iii. 30; the Alfoors of, iii. 33, 129, 260; Bo- lang Mongando in, iii. 53, viii. 54, ix. 121 «.3 ; Minahassa in, in. 63, 99, iv. 214, vii. 296, vni. 100, 123, 153 ; exor- cism of spirits by means of rice in, iii. 1 06 ; propitiation of the souls of slain enemies in, iii. 166 ; the Toumbuluh tribe of, iii. 295, 298 ; Poso in, iii. 332, vii. 236, viii. 244 ; Boni in, iv. 40 ; the Bantiks of, iv. 130 «. ; sanctity of regalia in, iv. 202 ; the Macassars of, iv. 277 ; conduct of the inhabitants in an earthquake, v. 200 ; division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vii. 124; observation of the Pleiades in, vii. 313 ; customs as to eating the new rice in, viii. 54 ; harvest festivals in, vm 122 sq. ; kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212 ; precautions against mice in, vin. 277 sq. ; sticks or stones piled on scenes of violent death in, ix. 15 ; Macassar in, x. 14 ; souls of persons removed for safety from their bodies in, xi. 153 sq.
.Central, ix. i22«. ; theToradjas of, i.
109, 114, 129, 159, 172, 253, 271, 286, 303, ii. 39, 113, iii. 62, in, 263,
34°. 373 n-> vi- 33. v»- l82 n-1> l83» 228, 295, viii. 153, ix. 34, 112 «.2, 265, x. 311 sgq. ; Parigi in, i. 188 ; the Tolalaki of, i. 188, ii. in, viii. 152 ; the Toboongkoos of, i. 189, ii. 28, 35, iii. 48, 78, iv. 219 ; the Tomori of, i. 189, ii. 29, 35, no, vii. 193, 288 ; Poso in, ii. 29, 35, iii. 411, vn. 194 ; rice strewn on heads of warriots after a raid in, iii. 36; the Tohndoos of, iii. 78 ; the Tolampoos of, iii. 319
, Northern, Minahassa in, i. «38a,
vni. 54, ix. iii sq.
, Southern, treatment of the navel- string and afterbirth in, i. 189 sq. ; rain-charm by means of a cat in, L 289 ; the Toorat-eyas of, i. 361 ; cus- toms at childbirth in, ii. 32, iii. 32, 245 ; the Macassars and Bugmeese of, ii. 1 10 ; rice strewn on heads of bride- grooms and victors in, iii. 35 sq. ; rule as to treatment of a prince's corpse in, iii. 238 ; marriage custom in, vi. 260 ; birth-trees in, xi. 164
, West, Bolang Mongondo in, iii.
341, 376, ix. 85, 121
Celenderis in Cilicia, v. 41
Celestial power acquired by inoculation, viii. 1 60 sq.
212
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Celeus, king of Eleusis, vii. 37; and Demeter, viii. 334
Celibacy of holy milkmen, iii. 15, 16; of the Vestal Virgins, x. 138 «.5
Celtic bisection of the year, x. 223
calendar of Coligny, i. 17 «.2
. divinity akin to Artemis, ii. 126
. festival of the dead, vi. 82
and Italian languages akin, ii. 189
. population, their superstition as to Snake Stones, x. 15
• stories of the external soul, xi.
126 sqq.
— — Vestals, ii. 241 n.1
— — • year reckoned from November ist, vi. 8 1
Celts, their worship of the oak, ii. 9, 362 sq., xi. 89; their worship of the Huntress Artemis, ii. 125 sq. ; their worship of Arduinna, ii. 126 ; holy fires tended by virgins among the, n 240 ; in Asia, ii. 363 ; their theory of names, iii. 319 ; their festival of All Souls, vi. 8 1 sq. ; their mode of fore- casting the weather of the year, ix. 323 sq. \ their two great fire-festivals on the Eve of May Day and Hallowe'en, x. 222, 224
• , the British, their chief fire-festivals,
Beltane and Hallowe'en, xi. 40 sq.
of Brittany, their use of mistletoe,
xi. 320
. of Gaul, their harvest festival, i.
17 ; their indifference to death, iv. 142 sq. ; their calendar, ix. 342 sqq. ; their human sacrifices, xi. 32 sq. ; the victims perhaps witches and wizards, xi. 41 sq. \ W. Mannhardt's theory of the sacrifices, xi. 43
of Ireland, their belief in the blight- ing effect of incest, ii. 116 ; their new fire on Hallowe'en, x. 139
-* of northern Italy, xi. 320
Celts (prehistoric implements), called "thunderbolts," x. 14 sq.
Cemeteries, cut hair and nails buried in, iii. 274 ; fairs held at, iv. 101, 102
Cenaed, king of the Scots, ii. 286
Censorinus, on the date of the rising of Sirius, vi. 34 n.1 \ on the octennial cycle, vii. 81 «.4, 82 «.2, 86 sq.
Centipedes not to be called by their proper name, iii. 407, 411
Central Provinces of India, belief as to twins in, i. 269 ; use of frogs in rain- charms in, i. 293 ; ceremonies observed by rearers of silk-worms in the, iii. 194 n.1 \ gardens of Adonis in the, v. 942 sq. ; custom as to cutting the last corn at harvest in the, vii. 222 «.2; the Parjas of the, viii. 27 sq., 28, 119; customs as to first-fruits in the, viii.
118 sq. \ the Gadbas of the, viii. 118 ; the Mannewars of the, viii. 119; the Nahals of the, viii. 119; cholera expelled by means of chickens in the, ix. 190 ; cure for fever in the, xi. 190
Ceos, Greek island of, funeral customs m, i. 105 ; the rising of Sirius observed in, vi. 35 n.1 ; rule as to the pollution of death in, vi. 227 ; sick children passed through a cleft oak in, xi. 172
Ceram, i. 125 ; treatment of the navel- string in, i. 187 ; ram-making in, i. 248 ; Alfoors of, their veneration for their high-priest, i. 400 ; expiation for unchastity in, ii. 109 n.1 ; rule as to girl scratching herself in, iii. 146 n.1 fear of women's blood in, iii. 251 men do not crop their hair in, iii. 260 division of agricultural work between the sexes in, vn. 124 ; ceremony at eating the new rice in, viii. 54 ; offer- ings of first-fruits to ancestors in, viii. 123 ; kinship of men with crocodiles in, viii. 212 ; sicknesses expelled in a ship from, ix. 185 ; sickness trans- ferred to branches in, ix. 186 ; seclusion of girls at puberty in, x. 36 ; belief that strength of young people is in their hair in, xi. 158 ; rites of initiation to the Kakian association in, xi. 249 sqq.
Ceramicus, the, at Athens, graves of warriors in, iv. 96
Cereal deity, viii. 52, 83
Cereals cultivated in ancient Egypt, vi. 30 ; in Europe, antiquity of the culti- vation of, vii. 79 ; cultivated by the early Aryans, vii. 132
Ceremonial purity observed in war, iii. 157. See Purity, Chastity, Continence
Ceremonies at cutting down haunted trees, ii. 34 sqq. ; at the reception of strangers, iii. 102 sqq. ; at entering a strange land, iii. 1095^.; after slaughter of panthers, lions, bears, serpents, etc. , iii. 219 sqq. \ at haircutting, iii. 264 sqq.
, initiatory, of Central Australian
aborigines, i. 92 sqq.
, magical, for the multiplication of
totems, i. 85 sqq. ; for the regulation of the seasons, v. 3 sqq. ; to ensure fertility of women, x. 23 sq., 31
, purificatory, on return from a
journey, iii. in sqq.
Ceremony of the Horse at rice-harvest among the Garos, viii. 337 sqq.
Ceres, names of fathers and daughters tabooed during the rites of, iii. 337 ; married to Orcus, vi. 231 ; corn the gift of, vii. 42; the, in France, vii. 135 ; festival of, vii. 297 n.6 ; Roman sacrifices to, viii. 133 ; first ears of corn sacrificed to, viii. 133
GENERAL INDEX
213
Cervulus muntjac, species of deer, sup- posed to house the soul of an ancestor, viii. 294
Census equinus, a species of deer, claimed as relations by Malanaus in Borneo, viii. 294
Cetchwayo, king of Zululand, iii. 377
Cetraro in Calabria, Easter custom at, x. 123
Ceylon, deega and beena marriage in, ii. 271 n.1, vi. 215 ; custom of tying a knot on a threshing-floor in, iii. 308 sq. ; sanctity of the threshing-floor in, viii. no «.4; fear of demons in, ix. 94 sq. ; the king of, and his external soul, xi. 102
Chaco, the Gran, Lengua Indians of, i. 3*3. 33°. 359. i»- 38, 357. iv. 11, 63, viii. 245 ; the Guaycurus of, iii. 357, vii. 309 ; the Matacos of, x. 58, 59 ; the Tobas of, x. 59 ; marriage custom of Indians of, x. 75 ; Indians of, their treatment of a wound, x. 98 n.1
, the Paraguayan, ix. 78, x. 56,
75 ».2
Chadwars of the Central Provinces, India, expiation for slaughter of totemic animal among the, viii. 28
Chadwick, Professor H. M., on female descent of kingship in Greece and Sweden, ii. 278 n.1 ; on the story of Hamlet, ii. 281 n.2 ; on the marriage of Canute and Emma, ii. 283 n.1; on the festival of October ist, vi. 81 n.3 ; on the dismemberment of Halfdan the Black, vi. 100 «.2; on a priest dressed as a woman, vi. 259 n.2 ; on a passage in the Voluspa, x. 103 n.
Chaeronea, the sceptre of Agamemnon worshipped at, i. 365; the "expulsion of hunger " at, ix. 252
Chain used to expel demons, ix. 260
Chains, iron, worn as amulets, iii. 235 ; clanked as a protection against witches, ix. 163; clanked in masquerade, ix. 244
Chait, an Indian month, ii. 149, viii. 119
Chaka, the Zulu despot, iv. 36 sq. , viii. 67, xi. 212 n. ; as a diviner, i. 350
Chaldean priests as to the human wife of Bel, ii. 129 sq.
Chaldeans, magic of, ix. 64
Chalk, white, bodies of newly initiated lads coated with, xi. 241
Chalk mark on brow a protection against a ghost, iii. 186 n.1
Chalking up crosses as a protection against witches, ix. 160, 162, 165 ; on Twelfth Night, ix. 314, 315 n., 331
Chama, town on the Gold Coast, Horse- mackerel people at, iv. 129
Chamar caste in the Punjaub, ix. 196
Chamba, in India, ceremony at the funeral of a Rani of, ix. 45
Chambers, E. K., on the Festival of Fools, ix. 336 n. * ; on the Celtic bi- section of the year, x. 223
Chambe'ry, the harvest Wolf near, vii. 275; "the wound of the Ox" at harvest near, vii. 288 ; ' ' killing the Ox" at threshing at, vii. 291
Chambezi river in Central Africa, ii. 277
Chameleon, ceremony at killing a, ix. 28
Champion at English coronation cere- mony, ii. 322
Chams, the, of Indo-China, their taboos in search for eagle-wood, i. 120 ; their homoeopathic magic at sowing, i. 144; precautions against ghosts among the, i. 280 ; their fear of waking the rice at mid-day, ii. 28 sq. ; their traditions of human victims sacrificed by drowning, ii. 159 ; continence at the making of a dam among the, in. 202 ; open cattle- stalls and unyoke ploughs to aid women in childbed, iii. 297 ; use an artificial jargon in searching for eagle- wood, iii. 404 ; their story of the type of Beauty and the Beast, iv. 130 n.1 ; their ceremonies at ploughing, sowing, reaping and eating the new rice, vm. 56 sqq. ; their sacrifices to the "god rat," viii. 283; their belief in trans- migration, viii. 291 sq.
Chang, the house of, ancient Chinese fcimily, i. 413
Change in date of Egyptian festivals with the adoption of the fixed Alexandrian year, vi. 92 sqq.
of language caused by taboo on the
names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq.t 375 ; caused by taboo on names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq.
of name to deceive ghosts, iii. 354
sqq. ; as a cure for ill health, iv. 158
Changes of shape, magical, vii. 305
Chants, plaintive, of corn -reapers in antiquity, vi. 45 sq.
"Charcoal Man" at Midsummer, xi. 26 n*
Charente Infe'rieure, department of, St. John's fires in the, x. 192
Chariot in rain-charm, i. 309 ; proces- sion with god riding in a, ii. 130; patient drawn through the yoke of a, xi. 192
and horses dedicated to the sun, i.
315 Chariot-race at Olympia, iv. 91, 104 sq.,
287 ; annual, on the Field of Mars at
Rome, viii. 42
races in honour of the dead, iv. 93
Chariots, epidemics sent away in toy, ix.
193 sq. • used by sacred persons, x. 4 n. l
214
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Charlemagne, x. 270 ; compared to
Osiris, vi. 199
Charles I. touches for scrofula, i. 368 Charles II. touches for scrofula, i. 368
sq. ; champion at his coronation, ii.
322 Charlotte Waters, in Central Australia,
the Blind Tree at, i. 147 Charm to protect a town, vi. 249 sqq. Charms to ensure long life, i. 168 sq. ;
to prevent the sun from going down,
i. 316 sqq. ; to facilitate childbirth,
iii. 295 sq. See also Amulets, Magic,
Talismans
Charon, places of, v. 204, 205 Charonia, places of Charon, v. 204 Chasas of Orissa believe that leprosy is
caused by injuring a totemic animal,
viii. 26 sq. "Chasing the Wild Man out of the
bush," a Whitsuntide custom, iv.
208 sq. "Chasms of Demeter and Persephone,"
viii. 17 Chaste young men kindle need-fire, x.
273
Chastity observed for sake of absent persons, i. 123, 124, 125, 131 ; re- quired of rain-doctor, i. 271 ; prac- tised to make the crops grow, ii. 104 sqq. \ required of persons who handle dishes and food, n. 115 sq. , 205 ; Milton on, ii. 118 n.1 ; as a virtue not understood by savages, ii. 118 ; observed by sacred men, perhaps the husbands of a goddess, ii. 135, 136 ; observed by sacred women, ii. 137 ; observed by women in making pottery, ii. 204 ; required in those who make fire by fiiction, ii. 238 sq. ; observed by women at festival of the corn- goddess, v. 43; ordeal of, v. 115 «.2; required in sower of seed, vii. 115 sq. ; observed by matrons at the Thesmophoria, vii. 116 ; required in service of sacred serpent, viii. 18 ; required of hunter before hunting bears, viii. 226 ; associated with abstinence from salt, x. 27 sq. See also Continence
Chateau-Thierry, Midsummer fires at, x. 187 sq.
Chateaubriand, his description of the Natchez festival, viii. 135 sqq.
Chatham Islands, birth-trees in the, xi. 165
Chatti, German tribe, their custom as to. their hair, iii. 262
Chauci, a German tribe, on the North Sea, ii. 353
Chauta, Master, prayer for rain to, i. 250
Chavandes, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. 109 ».a
Chavantes, Indian tribe of the Tocantina River, iv. 12 n.6
Cheadle, in Staffordshire, the Yule log at, x. 256
Cheese, eaten by human scapegoat before being put to death, ix. 255 ; the Beltane, kept as a charm against the bewitching of milk- produce, x. 154
Cheese Monday, the Monday of the last week i n Carnival , celebrated by Thracian and Bulgarian peasants, vii. 26, viii. 333
Chegilla, food taboos in Congo, iii. 137
Cheltenham, Jack -in -the -Green at, ii. 82 sq.
Chemakum tribe of Washington State, prohibition to mention the names of the dead in the, iii. 365
Chemistry, alchemy leads up to, i. 374
Chemmis in Egypt, temple of Perseus at, iii. 312 n.2
Chene-Dord, "the gilded oak," in Perche, xi. 287 n.1
Chenourazah, king of the Maldive Islands, ii. 153
Ghent- Ament (Khenti-Amenti), title of Osiris, vi. 87
Chephren, king of Egypt, his statue, vi. 21 sq.
Chepstow oak, in Gloucestershire, mistle- toe on the, xi. 316
Cheremiss, the, of Russia, their sacred groves, ii. 44 ; will not fell trees while the corn is in bloom, ii. 49 ; keep the names of their villages secret, iii. 391 ; their custom at eating the new corn, viii. 51 ; offer cakes instead of horses, viii. 95 w.2 ; their expulsion of Satan, ix. 156 ; their Midsummer festival, x. 181
Chero, the, of Mirzapur, their contagious magic of footprints, i. 209
Cherokee Indians, their myth of the Old Woman of the Corn, vi. 46 sq. ; their lamentations after ' ' the first working of the corn," vi. 47 ; annual expulsion of evils among the, ix. 128. See also Cherokees
hunters pray to the eagles they have
killed, viii. 236 ; ask pardon of the deer they kill, viii. 241
mythology, viii. 204 sq.
sorcery with spittle, iii. 287 sq.
Cherokees, homoeopathic magic of plants among the, i. 144, 146 sq. ; their charms to ensure success in ball' playing, i. 144, 155 ; foods avoided by the, on homoeopathic principles, i. 155; homoeopathic magic of animals among the, i. 155 sq. ; their charm to become good singers, i. 156 ; their charm to strengthen a child's grip, i. 156 ; their mode of averting an evil omen, i. 173 ;
GENERAL INDEX
215
their custom as to children's cast teeth, i. 180 ; their treatment of the navel-string, i. 198 ; their mode of averting a storm, i. 321 ; try to deceive the spirits of rattlesnakes and eagles, hi- 399 I think that to step over a vine blasts it, iii. 424 ; personify maize as an Old Woman, vii. 177 ; their way of attracting the corn, vii. 190; their festival of first-fruits, viii. 72 «.2; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of the flesh of animals, viii. 139; no clear distinction between animals and men in their mythology, viii. 204 sq. ; their respect for rattlesnakes, viii. 218 sq. ; their ceremonies at killing a wolf, viii. 220 sq. ; their propitiation of the eagles which they have killed, viii. 236 ; their custom of removing the hamstring of deer, viii. 266 ; their sacred arks, x. 1 1 sq. ; their ideas as to trees struck by lightning, xi. 296 sq.
Cherrington, in Warwickshire, the Queen of May at, ii. 88
Cherry-tree, charm to make it bear fruit, i. 141 ; wood used for Yule log, x. 250
-trees, branches of, used to beat
people with in the Chustmas holidays, ix. 270 ; torches thrown at, x. 108
Chersonese, the Thracian, iv. 93
Chervil-seed burnt in Midsummer- fire, x. 213
Cheshire, May-poles in, ii. 70^. ; popular cure for rheumatism in, in. 106 «.2; All Souls' Day in, vi. 79 ; Plough Monday in, viii. 330 «.J ; cure for thrush in, ix. 50 ; cure for warts in, ix. 57
Chesmtsa, Christmas cake in Servia, x. 261
Chester, Midsummer giants at, xi. 37
Chet, Indian month (March-April), iv. 265
Chetang, mountains of, in Tibet, ix. 220
Chetti worshipped in the Deccan, vii. 7
Chevannes, bonfires on the first Sunday in Lent, x. in n.1
Chevas of South Africa, their notion as to whirlwinds, i. 331 «.2
Chewsurs of the Caucasus, their rain- charm, i. 282 ; taboos observed by an annual official among the, iii. 292 sq. ; their annual Festival of All Souls, iv. 98, vi. 65 ; their funeral games, iv. 98
Cheyenne Indians, seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 54 sq.
women secluded at menstruation,
x. 89
Cheyne, Professor T. K., on the brazen serpent, iv. 86 «.4 ; on lament for kings of Judah, v. 20 «.2
Chhatarpur, in Bundelcund, ceremony for stopping rain at, i. 296 sq.
Chiambioa Indians of Brazil, their masked dances, viii. 208 n.1
Chiaromonte in Sicily, Midsummer cus- tom at, x. 210
Chibchas (Muyscas or Mozcas), the, of Colombia, their reverence for the pontiff of Sogamozo, i. 416
Chibisa, an African chief, killed by a sand-bullet, xi. 314
Chica or chicka, a native American in- toxicant, ii. 105, iii. 250 tf.1, x. 57, 58
Chi-chi Mama, " the Drenched Mother," in rain-making, in Armenia, i. 276
Chicken bones, omens from, ii. 70
Chickens, sickness transferred to, ix. 31 ; as scapegoats, ix. 190
Chicomecohuatl, Mexican goddess of maize, vii. 176, ix. 286 n.1, 291, 292 ; girl annually sacrificed in the character of, ix. 292 sqq.
Chicory, the white flower of, opens all locks, xi. 71
Chidlcy, Cape, spirit of reindeer in cave at, viii. 245
Chief, power of divination possessed by, i. 344 ; as pnest, ii. 215 sqq. ; ances- tral, reincarnate in snakes, v. 84 ; the divinity of a, supposed to reside in his eyes, viii. 153. Sec also Chiefs
Chiefs daughter, ceremonies observed by her at puberty, x. 30, 43
head not to be touched, i. 344
Chiefs, sorcerers regarded as, in New Guinea, i. 337 sq. ; in Melanesia, supernatural power of, i. 338 sqq. \ evolved out of magicians, especi- ally out of rain -makers, in Africa, i. 342 sqq. ; magical powers ascribed to, i. 349 ; not allowed to leave their premises, i. 349 ; punished for drought and dearth, i. 352 sqq. ; as priests, ii. 215 sg. , viii. 126; chosen from several families in rotation, ii. 292 sqq. ; foods tabooed to, iii. 291, 292 ; names of, tabooed, iii. 376 sq.9 378 sq.t 381, 382
, dead, worshipped, vi. 175, 176,
177, 179, 181 sq., 187; thought to control the rain, vi. 188 ; sacrifices to, vi. 191, viii. 113; spirits of, pro- phesy through living men and women, vi. 192 sq. ; spirits of, give rain, viii. 109 ; deified after death, viii. 125 ; souls of, in lions, viii. 287 sq.
and kings tabooed, iii. 131 sqq.
in the Pelew Islands, custom of
slaying, vi. 266 sqq.
, sacred, viii. 28 ; not allowed to
leave their enclosures, iii. 124 ; re- garded as dangerous, iii. 138
216
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Chiefs' daughters entrusted with the sacred fire among the Herero, ii. 215, 228
Chieftainship and kingship in Africa fully developed, i. 342
Chikumbu, a Yao chief, xi. 314
Chilblains, the Yule log a preventive of, x. 250
Chilcotin Indians of North- West America, their ceremony at an eclipse of the sun, i. 312, iv. 77
Child, carried by sower to ensure fertility, i. 142 ; under puberty employed by Ba-Ronga women to light the potter's kiln, ii, 205 ; placed in bride's lap as a fertility charm, ii. 230 sq. ; born on harvest-field, pretence of, vii. 150 sq. See also Children
" of the assegai," iv. 183
- — and father, supposed danger of resemblance between, lii. 88 sq. , iv. 287 (288, in Second Impression)
"Child-stones," where souls of dead await rebirth, v. 100
Child's life bound up with the tree with or under which its navel-string or after- birth was planted, i. 182, 184, 194
— nails bitten off, iii. 262
Well at Oxford, ii. 161
Childbed, woman in, thought to control the wind, i. 324 ; souls of women dying in, live in trees, n. 31 ; taboos on women in, iii. 147 sqq. \ precautions taken with women in, iii. 314 ; de- ceiving the ghosts of women who have died in, vin. 97 sq.
Childbirth, Diana as goddess of, i. 12, ii. 128 ; precautions taken \\ith mothers at, iii. 32, 33, 233, 234, 239, 245 ; women tabooed at, ni. 145 ; supposed dangerous infection of, iii. 147 sqq. \ confessions of sins to expedite, ni. 216 sq. ; women after, their hair shaved and burnt, iii. 284 ; knots untied at, iii. 294, 296 sg. , 297 sq. ; homoeopathic magic to facilitate, iii. 295 sqq. ; primitive ignorance of the causes of, v. 106 sq. \ customs of women after, x. 20
Childermas (Holy Innocents' Day), the 28th day of December, Boy Bishop on, i*- 336, 337
Childless couples leap over bonfires to procure offspring, x. 214, 338
persons named after their younger
brothers, iii. 332, 333
— — women divorced, i. 142 ; their corpses thrown away, i. 142 ; homoeo- pathic charm employed by, to ensure the birth of children, i. 157 ; expect offspring from St. George, v. 78 ; resort to Baths of Solomon, v. 78 ; receive offspring from serpent, v. 86 ;
resort to graves in order to secure offspring, v. 96 ; resort to hot springs in Syria, v. 213 sqq. ; creep through a holed stone, xi. 187. See also Barren
Children thought to be reincarnations of the dead, i. 103 sqq. ; taboos observed by, in the absence of their fathers, i. 116, 119, 122, 123, 127,131; homoeo- pathic charm to ensure the birth of, i. 157 ; born with a caul thought to be lucky and to see spirits, i. 187 sq. , 199 ; buried to the neck as a rain- charm, i. 302 sq. ; dislike of parents to have children like themselves, iii. 88 sq. , iv. 287 (288, in Second Impres- sion) ; young, tabooed, iii. 262, 283 ; parents named after their, iii. 331 sqq. , 339 ; called the fathers or mothers of their first cousins, iii. 332 sq. ; sacri- ficed to Moloch, iv. 75 ; sacrificed by the Semites, iv. 166 sqq. ; bestowed by saints, v. 78 sq. ; given by serpent, v. 86 ; murdered that their souls may be reborn in barren women, v. 95 ; sacrificed to volcano in Siao, v. 219 ; sacrificed at irrigation channels, vi. 38 ; sacrificed by the Mexicans for the maize, vi. 107; presented to the moon, vi. 144 sqq. ; guarded against evil spirits, vii. 6 sqq. ; employed to administer drugs and the poison ordeal, vii. 115; employed to sow seed, vii. 115 sg. ; sacrificed at harvest, vii. 236; blood of, used to knead a paste, ix. 129 ; personating spirits, ix. 139 ; live apart from their parents among the Baganda, x. 23 ».a; passed across the Midsummer fires, x. 182, 189 sg. , 192, 203 ; born feet foremost, curative power attributed to, x. 295 ; passed through holes in ground or turf to cure them, xi. 190 sq. See also Child
of God in Kikuyu, v. 68
of living parents in ritual, vi. 236
sqq. ; apparently thought to be en- dowed with more vitality than others, vi. 247 sg.
, new-born, brought to the spirits
of the ancestors, ii. 216, 221 ; passed through the smoke of a fire, ii. 232 ; brought to the hearth, ii. 232 ; placed in winnowing-fans, vii. 6 sqq.
Children's nails not pared, iii. 262 sq.
Chili, sacred cedar among the Aryan tribes of Gilgit, ii. 49, 50 sg.
Chili stone, ceremony of fertilizing goats at the, ii. 51
Chili, the Chilote Indians of, i. 168 ; the Araucanians of, i. 292 ».8, iii. 97; disposal of shorn hair in, iii. 280 ; earthquakes in, v. 202
Chiilingworth, Thomas, passed through a cleft ash-tree for rupture, xi. 168 SQ.
INDEX
Shiloe, the Indians of, keep their names secret, iii. 324
^hilote Intiians of Chili, their belief as to death at ebb-tide, i. 168 ; their magical use of shorn hair, iii. 268 ; make magic with the spittle of an enemy, iii. 287
^himaera, Mount, in Lycia, perpetual fire on, v. 221
^hi niche" -gelm, rain-bride, in Armenia, i. 276
Chimney, witches fly up the, xi. 74
Chimney-piece, divination by names on, x. 237
^hina, homoeopathic magic of city sites in, i. 169 sg. ; birthday cele- bration in, i. 169 ; trees planted on graves in, ii. 31; new-born children passed through the smoke of fire in, ii. 232 «.2 ; custom as to shadows at funerals in, iii. 80 ; custom at an execution in, iii. 171 ; geomancy in, iii. 239 ; suicide of Buddhist monks in, iv. 42 ; substitutes for corporal punishment in, iv. 275 sq. \ ceremony at beginning of spring in, viii. 10 sqq. ; belief in demons in, ix. 99 ; men possessed by spirits in, ix. 117; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 145 sqq. ; annual ceremony of the new fire in, x. 136 sq. , xi. 3; were-wolves in, x. 310 sq. ; use of fire to bar ghosts in, xi. 17 sq. ; spirits of plants in snake form in, xi. 44 w.1; use of mugwort in, xi. 60. See also Chinese
, aboriginal tribes of, their use of a
human scapegoat, ix. 196 ; their annual destruction of evils, ix. 202
, Emperor of, superior to the gods,
i. 416 sq. ; seldom quitted his palace, iii. 125 ; his directions for averting the devil, iii. 239 ; his name not to be pronounced nor written by his subjects, iii. 375 sq. ; etiquette at his court, iv. 40 ; funeral of, v. 294 ; inaugurates the ploughing in spring, viii. 14 sq.
, emperors of, as priests, i. 47 ; held
responsible for drought, i. 355
, the Miotse of, ix. 4
• , the Mossos of, ix. 139
, South and West, the Miao-Kia of,
ii. 31
• , Southern, expulsion of the demons
of cholera in, ix. 117 sq. ; the Shans of, ix. 141
-hinchvad, human gods at, i. 405 sq.
Chinese, magical images among the, i. 60 sq. ; their charms to ensure long life, i. 168 sq. ; their superstition as to placenta (afterbirth), i. 194 ; their belief as to the influence of the dead on rain. i. 287 ; their modes of com-
VOL. XII
pelling the rain-god to give rain, i. 297 sqq. ; their emperor responsible for drought, i. 355 ; their belief in spirits of plants, ii. 14; their custom of marry- ing a girl to the Yellow River, ii. 152 ; kindle a sacred fire by means of a metal mirror or burning-glass, ii. 245 n. ; their story of a wandering human soul and its deserted body, iii. 49 sq. \ attribute convulsions to the action of demons, iii. 59 ; their use of mirrors to frighten demons, iii. 93 n.s ; use no knives nor needles after a death, iii. 238 ; their belief as to the intimate association of names with beings, iii. 390; their indifference to death, iv. 144 sqq., 273 sqq. \ report a custom of devouring first-born children, iv. 180 ; their character compared to that of the ancient Egyptians, vi. 218 ; their use of sieve or wmnowing-fan in super- stitious rites, vii. 6, 9 sq. \ their cere- mony of ploughing, viii. 14 sq. \ their theory as to courage, viii. 145 sq. , 152; their ceremonies of purification in spring and autumn, ix. 213 n.1 ; their festival of fire, ix. 359, xi. 3 sqq. ; their story of the external soul, xi. 145 sq. ; their theories as to the human soul, xi. 221
Chinese of Amoy averse to call fever by its proper name, iii. 400 ; their use of effigies to divert ghostly and other evil influences from persons, viii. 104 sq.
Chinese author on disturbance of earth- spirits by agriculture, v. 89
books, bleeding trees in, ii. 18
comedies played as a rain-charm, i.
301 «.
empire, incarnate human gods KD
the, i. 412 sqq.
geomancy, i. 170
New Year, viii. 10
writers on kings of Corea, i. 355 ;
as to injury to men and birds through their shadows, ni. 79 ; as to blood containing the soul, iii. 241 ; profess themselves unat>le to distinguish be- tween men and animals, viii. 206
Chingilli, an Australian tribe, their cus- tom of knocking out teeth, i. 99
Chinigchinich, a Californian god, viii. 170
Chinna Kimedy, in India, vii. 247, 249
Chinook Indians, prohibition to mention the names of the dead among the, iii. 365 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 43
Chins, the, of Upper Burma, their offer- ings of first-fruits to their ancestors, viii. 121 ; their way of keeping off cholera, ix. 123
218
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Chios, titular kings in, i. 45, 46 «.4; human beings torn in pieces at the rites of Dionysus in, vi. 98 sq. , vii. 24
Chippeway Indians, magical images among the, i. 77 ; their dread and seclusion of menstruous women, x. 90 sq.
Chiquites Indians of Paraguay, their belief as to chica, iii. 250 n.1 ; their fear of dead deer and turtles, viii. 241 ; their theory of sickness, xi. 226 n. l
Chirbury, in Shropshire, the Yule log at, *• 257
Chiriguanos, the, of South America, their preference for a violent death, iv. 12 ; their address to the sun, vi. 143 «.4; why they will not eat the vicuna, viii. 140 ; their belief in the transmigration of human souls into animals, viii. 286 ; their practice of bleeding themselves to relieve fatigue, ix. 13 ; seclusion of girls at puberty among the, x. 56
Chiriqui, volcano, v. 181
Chirol, (Sir) Valentine, on substitutes for capital punishment in China, iv. 274
Chiron, the centaur, taught Hippolytus venery, i. 19
Chirouba, festival in Manipur, ix. 40
Chirus of Manipur, their rain- making by means of a crab, i. 289 ; their tug-of- war, ix. 177 n.8
Chisaks, a tribe of Garos, their harvest festival, viii. 337
Chissumpe, the spiritual head of the Maraves, i. 393
Chitariah Gossaih, god of a hill-tribe in India, viii. 118
Chitome" or Chitombe", a pontiff of Congo, his perpetual fire, ii. 261 ; regarded as a god on earth, iii. 5 sq.t 7 ; slam by his successor", iv. 14 sq., 206
Chitral, devil-driving in, ix. 137
Chittagong, opening everything in house to facilitate childbirth in, iii. 297 ; nail knocked into threshold at a burial in, ix. 63 «.4
Hill Tracts, the Chukmas of the,
ix. 174
Chittim (Citium) in Cyprus, Phoenician kings at, v. 31
Chnum of Elephantine, Egyptian god identified with the sun, vi. 123
Choctaws, taboos observed by manslayers among the, iii. 181 ; their annual fes- tival of ithe dead, vi. 53 sq. ; their women secluded at menstruation, x. 88
Chodoi, in Selangor, ceremony oi bring- ing home the soul of the rice at, vii. 198
Choerilus, Greek historian, as to the epitaph of Sardanapalus, ix. 388 n.1
Cholera sent away in animal scapegoats
ix. 190, 191 sq. , demon of, expelled, ix. 116, 117
172; threatened with swords, ix. 123
conjured into an image, ix. 172 ; sen
away on a raft, ix. 190 , goddess of, kept off by iron, iii
234 ; sent away in a little chariot, ix. 19, Cholones, the, of eastern Peru, thei
custom as to poisoned arrows, i. 116
their charms against snake-bite, etc.
*• 153 Cholula, a city of Mexico, worship o
Quetzalcoatl at, ix. 281 Chonga, on the Niger, the king of, keep
himself concealed, iii. 121 Chopping-knife, soul of woman in child
birth transferred for safety to a, xi
T53 ^ Chormchen, custom at threshing at, vii
148 Chorion or foetal membrane, Iceland^
belief as to, i. 199 sq. Chota Nagpur in India, ceremonies ob
served by rearers of silkworms in, iii
194 n.1 ; the Oraons of, vii. 244 ; stone
or leaves piled on places where person
have been killed by wild beasts in, ix
19 ; annual expulsion of disease in, ix
139 ; the fire-walk in, xi. 5 Chouquet, in Normandy, the Green Wol
at, x. 185 Chbuville, Le"on, on the King of th»
Bean in France, ix. 315 n.1 Chre"ais or Jaray, tribe in the mountain
of Cambodia, their Kings of Fire an(
Water, ii. 3 Christ, his Nativity, v. 304 sq. ; hi
crucifixion, v. 306 sqq. , ix. 412 sqq.
his resurrection, v. 306, 307 n., 30!
sqq. ; doubts as to his historical realit
unfounded, v. 311 ;*.2, ix. 412 n.1
and Osiris, vi. 59 Christbrand, the Yule log, x. 248 Christenburg Crags, in Northumberland
Midsummer fires at, x. 198 Christian, Captain, his mode of execu
tion, iii. 244 Christian, F. W. , on the prostitution c
unmarried gii Is in Yap, vi. 265 sq. Christian Church, its treatment of witches
xi. 42. See Church festivals displace heathen festivals
i. 14 sqq. , v. 308, vi. 81 sqq. \ th
great, timed by the Church to coincid
with old pagan festivals, ix. 328 Christianity, purifying influence of, \
80 ; its conflict with the Mithraic re
ligion, v. 302 sqq. ; its success due t
the personal influence of its foundei
vi. 159 sq. ; its rapid diffusion in Asi
Minor, ix. 420 sa.
GENERAL INDEX
219
Christianity, Latin, its tolerance of
rustic paganism, ix. 346 and Buddhism, comparison between
their history, v. 310 sqq.
and paganism, their resemblances
explained as diabolical counterfeits, v. 302, 309 sq.
Christians, pretenders to divinity among, i. 407 sqq.
and pagans, their controversy as to
Easter, v. 309 sq.
Christklotz, the Yule log, x. 248
Christmas, custom of swinging at, iv. 284 ; festival of, borrowed from the Mithraic religion, v. 302 sqq. ; the heathen origin of, v. 305 ; straw of Corn-mother placed in manger of cattle at, vii. 134 ; the last sheaf given to cattle at, vii. 155, 158, 160 sq. \ boar sacrificed at, vii. 302 ; pretence of human sacrifice at, vii. 302 ; dances to make the flax grow at, viii. 328 ; custom of young men and women beating each other at, ix. 270 ; an old midwinter festival of the sun-god, ix. 328, x. 246, 331 sq. ; new fire made by the friction of wood at, x. 264 ; mistletoe gathered at, xi. 291. See also Yule
Christmas Boar among the Esthonians, vii. 302 sq.
- cake, x. 257, 259, 261
candle, the, x. 255, 256, 260
custom in Poland, vii. 275 ; in
Sweden, vii. 301 sq.
Day, hunting the wren on, viii. 319,
320 ; Mexican festival on, ix. 287 ; divination on, ix. 316 n. J ; Old (Twelfth Night), ix. 321
— - drama in Sweden, viii. 327 sq.
• Eve, fruit-trees girt or tied together
with straw on, ii. 17, 27 sq. ; barren fruit-trees threatened on, ii. 21 ; pre- sages as to shadows on, iii. 88 ; celebration of, in Oesel, vii. 302 ; hunting the wren on, viii. 318, 321 ; witches active on, ix. 160 ; cattle acquire the gift of speech on, x. 254 ; torchlight processions on, x. 266 ; trees fumigated with wild thyme on, xi. 64 ; the fern blooms on, xi. 66 ; witches dreaded on, xi. 73 ; sick children passed through cleft trees on, xi. 172
night, fern -seed blooms on, xi.
289
• pig in Servia, x. 259
visitor, the, x. 261 sq.t 263, 264
Christs, Russian sect of the, i. 407 sq.
Chrudim in Bohemia, effigy of Death burnt at, iv. 239
Chu-en-aten, name assumed by King Amenophis IV. of Egypt, vi. 124
Chu-Tu-shi, a Chinese were-tiger, x. 310 sq.
Chua-hang or Troc, the caves of, in Annam, i. 301 sq.
Chuckchees or Cimkchees of North- Eastern Asia, their chief sacrificed in time of pestilence, i. 367 w.1; sacred fire- boards of the, ii. 225 sq. ; divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 «.4 ; change the name of the youngest son after his mother's death, iii. 358 ; voluntary deaths among the, iv. 13 ; effeminate sorcerers among the, vi. 256 sq. ; their ceremony at killing a wolf, viii. 221
Chukmas, a tribe of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, the tug-of-war among the, ix.
174
Chunar, in Bengal, rain -making cere- mony at, i. 283
Church, the Christian, borrows the festival of Christmas from the worship of Mithra, v. 303 sqq. ; its compromise with paganism, v. 308 ; its treatment of witches, xi. 42. See also Catholic
Church bells a protection against witch- craft, ix. 157, 158 ; on Midsummer Eve, custom as to ringing, xi. 47 sq. ; rung to drive away witches, xi. 73
Churches used as places of divination at Hallowe'en, x. 229
Churinga, sacred stick and stones, re- sembling bull-roarers, of the Arunta and other Central Australian tribes, i. 88, 199, 335, xi. 218 «.8, 234
Churn, last corn cut, vii. 151, 153, 154^.
Churn wreathed with rowan on May Day, ii. 53
Churn-dashers ridden by witches, ix. 160
-staff made of rowan as a protec- tion against witchcraft, ii. 53, 54
Churning, precaution against witches in, ii. 53 n.1
Chuwash, their test of a sacrificial victim,
i- 385
Chuzistan, rumour of the death of the King of the Jinn in, iv. 8
Chwolsohn, D., on the worship of Haman, ix. 366 n.1
Ciallos, intercalary month of Gallic calendar, ix. 343
Cicero invited to meet the assassin Brutus, i. 5 ; at Cybistra, v. 122 «.8 ; corre- sponds with Cilician king, v. 145 n.2 ; on the Attic origin of corn, vii. 58 ; on transubstantiation, viii. 167 ; on the custom of knocking in a nail annually, ix. 67 «.2
Cieza de Leon on the Peruvian Vestals, ii. 244 n.1, 245 n.
Cilicia, male deity of, assimilated to Zeus, v. 118 sq.t 144 sqq., 148, 152:
220
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
kings of, their affinity to Sandan, v. 144 ; names of priests in, v. 144 ; pirates in, v. 149 ; goddesses in, v. 161 sqq. ; the burning of gods in, v. 170 sq. ; the Assyrians in, v. 173 ; Tarsus in, ix. 388, 389, 391
Cihcia, Westerner Rugged, described, v. 148 sgq. \ fossils of, v. 152 sq.
Cilician Gates, pass of the, v. 120
Cimbnans, the, take arms against the tide, i. 331 n.8
Ciminian forest, ii. 8
Cincius Alimentus, L. , on Maia as the wife of Vulcan, vi. 232
Cinet or sinnet, iii. 69 «.8
Cingalese (Cinglese), their fear of demons, ix. 95 ; the tug-of-war among the, ix. 1 8 1. See also Singhalese
Cingalese remedy by means of devil- dancers, ix. 38
Cinteotl or Centeotl, Mexican goddess of maize, vii. 176, ix. 286 n.1 ; per- sonated by a priest, ix. 290
Cinyrads, dynasty of the, v. 41 sqq.
Cinyras, the father of Adonis, v. 13, 14, 49 ; king of Byblus, v. 27 ; founds sanctuary of Astarte, v. 28 ; said to have instituted religious prostitution, v. 41, 50; his daughters, v. 41, 50; his riches, v. 42 ; his incest, v. 43 ; wooed by Aphrodite, v. 48 sq. ; mean- ing of the name, v. 52 ; the friend of Apollo, v. 54 ; legends of his death,
v. 55.
Ciotat in Provence, bathing at Mid- summer at, v. 248 ; Midsummer rites of fire and water at, x. 194
Circassia, custom as to pear-trees in, ii. 55 sq. ; games in honour of the dead in, iv. 98
Circe, the land of, ii. 188
Circensian games at Bovillae, ii. 180 n.
Circumambulating fields with lighted torches, x. 233 sq.
Circumcision, pretence of new birth at, i. 76, 96 sq. ; among the aborigines of Australia, i. 92 sqq. ; uses of blood shed at, i. 92, 94 sq. , iii. 244 ; among the dwarf tribes of the Gaboon, i. 95 «.4 ; suggested origin of, i. 96 sq. ; in Central Australia, i. 204, 208, iii. 244, xi. 227 sq.t 233, 234, 235 ; among the Caffres, iii. 156 sq. ; performed with flints, not iron, iii. 227 ; of father as a mode of redeeming his offspring, iv. 181 ; story told by Israelites to explain * the origin of, iv. 181 ; mimic rite of, iv. 219 sq. ; exchange of dress between men and women at, vi. 263 ; period of seclusion after, determined by the appearance of the Pleiades, vii. 316 ;
ceremonies at, in South-East Africa, viii. 148 ; custom at, in Celebes, viii. 153 ; riddles asked at, ix. 122 n. ; among the Washamba, xi. 183 ; in New Guinea, xi. 240 sq. ; in Fiji, xi. 243 sq. ; in Rook, xi. 246 ; on the Lower Congo, xi. 251, 255 n.1
Circumcision Day, the ist of January, Pope of Fools on, ix. 334
Circumlocutions adopted to avoid naming the dead, iii. 350, 351, 355 ; caused by fear of the dead, iii. 354 ; employed by reapers, iii. 412
Circus, the games of the, ii. 174
Cirta, image of Jupiter at, ii. 177
Cithaeron, Mount, bonfire on the top of, ii. 140 sq. ; forest of oaks at, iv. 82 ; Pentheus torn to pieces on, vii. 25 n.3
Cities, guardian deities of, evoked by enemies, iii. 391 ; Etruscan ceremony at the founding of, iv. 157
Citium (Chittim), in Cyprus, Phoenician kings at, v. 31, 50
Citrus hystrix, the afterbirth hung on a, i. 1 86
Civilization advanced by great conquer- ing races, i. 218; threatened by an underlying stratum of savagery, i. 236 ; ancient, undermined by Oriental re- ligions and other causes, v. 299 sqq.
Clach-nathrach, serpent stone, xi. 311
Clam shell, sacred, of the Omahas, x. n
Clan of the Cat, xi. 150 sq.
Clangour of metal used to dispel demons, ix. 233
Clanking chains as a protection against witches, ix. 163
Clans, paternal and maternal, of the Herero, ii. 217
Clappers, used instead of church bells in Holy Week, x. 125 ; wooden, used in China, x. 137
Clarian Apollo, the, iv. 80 n.1
Clark, J. V. H., on the New Year festival of the Iroquois, ix. 209
Clarke, E. D. , on the bride-race among the Calmucks, ii. 301 sq. ; on image of Demeter at Eleusis, vii. 64 «.'2 ; on the Harvest Queen, vii. 146 sq. ; on heaps of sticks or stones on graves in Sweden, ix. 20 sq.
Clashing of metal instruments a protec- tion against witchcraft, ix. 158 ; used to dispel demons, ix. 233
Clasping of hands forbidden, iii. 298
Classificatory system of relationship, xi.
234 n'l> 3X4 «•*
Claudianus, Lucius Minius, on the god- dess of Hieropolis-Castabala, v. 168
Claudius, the Emperor, shrine of, at Nerni, i. 13 ; trial for incest under, ii. 115 ; his marriage with Agrippina, ii. 129 n.1 ;
GENERAL INDEX
221
statues of, crowned with oak, ii. 177 «.2 ;
his history of Etruria, ii. 196 n. ; on the
Etruscan origin of Servms Tullius, ii.
196 n. ; on the foreign descent of the
Roman kings, ii. 270 n.6\ and the
rites of Attis, v. 266 ; his execution of
a Gaulish knight, x. 15 Claudius Gothicus, the Emperor, v. 266 «.2 Clavie at Burghead, made without the
use of a hammer, iii. 229 sq. ; the
burning of the, x. 266 sq. Clavigero, F. S., historian of Mexico,
on the Mexican calendar, vi. 29 n. ;
on Cmteotl, the Mexican goddess of
maize, ix. 286 n.1 Claws of sea-eagle, charm made from, i.
152 Clay, people smeared with white, at
festival, viii. 75 ; plastered on girls at
puberty, x. 31 ; bodies of novices
at initiation smeared with white, xi.
255 X-1, 259 Clayton, A. C. , on a Badaga funeral, ix.
36
Claytonia, a species of, principal vege- table food of the aborigines of Central Australia, vii. 128
Cleanliness promoted by contagious magic, i. 175, 342 ; fostered by super- stition, iii. 130; personal, observed in war, iii. 157, 158 w.1
Cleansing streets from superstitious motive, beneficial effect of, ix. 205 sq.
Clearing land for cultivation, ceremonies to appease the tree spirits at, ii. 36, 3& sq.
Cleary, Bridget, burnt as a witch in Tipperary, x. 323 sq.
Cleary, Michael, burns his wife as a witch, x. 323 sq.
Clee, in Lincolnshire, the Yule log at, x/257
Clee Hills, in Shropshire, fear of witch- craft in the, x. 342 #.4
Cleft stick, passage through a, in con- nexion with puberty and circumcision, xi. 183 sq.
Clement of Alexandria on the Eleusiman mysteries, vii. 39
Cleomenes, king of Sparta, and serpents, v. 87
Cleon of Magnesia at Gades, v. 113
Cleostratus of Tenedos, said to have introduced the Greek octennial cycle, vii. 8 1
Clergyman employed to cut first corn at harvest, viii. 51
Cleveland in Yorkshire, treatment of the placentas of mares at, i. 199
Chmacteris scandens, women's ' ' sister " among the Kulin, xi. 216
Climatic and geographical conditions,
their effect on national character, vi. 217
Clippings of hair, magic wrought through in. 268 sqq., 275, 277, 278 sq. See also Hair
of nails in popular cures, ix. 57, 58.
See also Nails
Clisthenes and Hippoclides, ii. 307 sq.
Clitus and Dryas, their contest for a bride, ii. 307
and Pallene, ii. 307
•' Clod festival of the fourth " at Benares, i. 279
Clodd, Edward, on the external soul, xi. 97 n.1
Clog, the Yule, x. 247
Clonmel, trial for witch-burning at, x. 324
Clotaire murders his nephews, iii. 259
Clothes, homoeopathic magic of, i. 157 ; magic sympathy between a person and his, i. 205-207; of sacred persons tabooed, iii. 131. -See also Grave- clothes
Cloths used to catch souls, iii. 46, 47, 48 52, 53, 61, 64, 67, 75 sq.
Clotilde, Queen, the murder of her grand children, ni. 259
Cloud-dragon, myth of the, iv. 107
Clouds imitated by smoke, i. 249 ; imi- tation of, in ram-making, i. 249, 256, 261, 262, 263, 275 ; imitated by stones, i. 256 ; magicians painted in imitation of, 5. 323
Clove-trees in blossom treated like preg- nant women, ii. 28. See also Cloves
Clover, time for sowing, i. 167 ; four- leaved, a counter-charm for witchcraft, x. 316 ; found at Midsummer, xi. 62 sq.
Cloves, sexual ceremony to make cloves grow, ii. 100. See also Clove-trees
Clovis, gift of touching for the evil derived from, i. 370
Clown in spring ceremonies, ii. 82, 89 ; at Whitsuntide, ii. 89 ; in processions, ix. 244 sq.
Clubhouses of men in New Guinea, i. 125, iii. 168, 169 ; in the Caroline Islands, iii. 193 ; in the Pelew Islands, iii. 193 «.2
Clucking like a hen to recall a truant soul, iii. 34, 35, 55, 74, 75
Clucking-hen, the, at threshing, vii. 277
Clue of yarn, divination by a, at Hallow- e'en, x. 235, 240, 241, 243
Cluis Dessus and Cluis-Dessous, custom of "Sawing the Old Woman" at, iv. 241 sq.
Clyack sheaf, vii. 158 sqq. , 215 sq. , viii. 43
Clyack-kebback, a cheese at the harvest supper in Aberdeenshire, vii. 160
Clymenus, king of Arcadia, his incest, v.
222
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Clytaemnestra, a native of Lacedaemon, ii. 279
Cnossus in Crete, sacred marriage of Zeus and Hera at, ii. 143 n.1 ; Minos at, iv. 70 sqq. ; the labyrinth at, iv. 75 sqq. ; the bull perhaps the king's crest at, iv. in sq. ; prehistoric palace at, v. 34 ; marriage of the Bull- god to the Queen at, vii. 31 ; octennial tenure of kingship at, vii. 82, 85
Coal, magical, that turns to gold at Midsummer, xi. 60 sq.
Coast Murring tribe of New South Wales, the drama of resurrection exhibited to novices at initiation in the, xi. 235 sqq.
Cobern, effigy burnt on Shrove Tuesday at, x. 1 20
Coblentz, the Yule log near, x. 248
Cobra worshipped, i. 383 «.4; ceremonies after killing a, iii. 222 sg. ; the crest of the Maharajah of Nagpur, iv. 132 sq.
Cobra-capella, guardian-deity of Issapoo, viii. 174
Coca-mother, among the Peruvians, vii. 172, 173 n.
Coccus Polonica and St. John's blood, xi.
56
Cochin, Cranganore in, i. 280
Cochin China, the Chams of, i. 144, ii. 28, in. 202, 297, iv. 130 n.1 ; the Bahnars of, ni. 52, 58 ; tigers respected in, iii. 403, viii. 217 ; annual festival of the dead in, vi. 65 ; mode of disposing of ghosts in, ix. 62
Cock killed in fight not to be eaten by soldiers, i. 117 ; king represented with the feathers of a, iv. 85 ; as emblem of a priest of Attis, v. 279 ; corn-spirit as, vii 276 sqq. ; killed on harvest field, vii. 277 sq. , xi. 280 n. ; effigy of, in bonfire, x. 1 1 1 ; external soul of ogre in a, xi. 100
, black, buried on spot where epileptic patient fell down, ix. 68 «.2; used as counter-charm to witchcraft, x. 321
... and hen sacrificed by the Lithuanians at harvest, viii. 49 sq. ; or hen, striking blindfold at a, xi. 279 «.4
, red, killed to cure person struck by
lightning, xi. 298 ».2
— — , white, buried at boundary, iii. 109 ; sacrificed, viii. 117, 118; disease trans- ferred to a, ix. 187 ; as scapegoat, ix. 210 ».* ; burnt in Midsummer bonfire, xi. 40. See also Cocks
Cock-sheaf, vii. 276
Cock's blood poured on divining-rod, xi. 282
Cockatoos, magical ceremony for the multiplication of, i. 89
Cockchafer, external soul in a golden, xi. 140
Cockchafers, witches as, x. 322
Cocks as scapegoats, ix. 191 sq.
Coco-nut, soul of child deposited in a, x. 154 sq.
nuts, magical stones to produce a
crop of, i. 162 ; sacred and regarded as emblems of fertility in Upper India, ii. 51 ; gathered by pure youths, iii. 201
Coco-nut oil made by chaste women, iii. 201 ; a charm against demons, iii. 201
nut palm worshipped, ii. 16 ; planted
over navel-string and afterbirth of child, xi. 161, 163, compare xi. 164; attracts lightning, xi. 299 n.2
nut trees revered, ii. 12, 16
Codjour or Cogwurt a priestly king of the Nubas, iii. 132 n.1, viii. 114
Codrmgton, Dr. R. H., on the confusion of religion and magic in Melanesia, i. 227 sq. ; on the supernatural powers ascribed to chiefs in Melanesia, i. 338 ; on mother-kin in Melanesia, vi. 211; on the Melanesian conception of the external soul, xi. 197 sq.
Codrus, king of Athens, Ionian kings descended from, i. 47
Coel Coeth, Hallowe'en bonfire, x. 239
Coffin, nails from a, in magic, i. 210, 211
Cogiour. See Codjour
Cohabitation of husband and wife en- joined as a matter of ritual, viii. 69, 70 n.1. See also Intercourse
Cohen, S. S., x. 128 w.1
Coil, sick children passed through a, xi. 185 sq.
Coimbatore, dancing-girls at, v. 62
Coincidence between the Christian and the heathen festivals of the divine death and resurrection, v. 308 sq$
Coins from the eyes of corpses, their magical virtue, i. 149 ; placed on the eyes of corpses, i. 149 n. 5; portraits of kings not stamped on, iii. 98 sq.
Colchis, Phrixus in, iv. 162
Cold food, festival of the, in China, x. 137
weather, charm to bring on, i. 319 ;
ceremonies to procure, i. 329 n.1
Cole, Lieut. -Colonel H. W. G., on a custom of the Lushais, xi. 185 sq.
Colic, a Bahnar cure for, iii. 59 ; popular remedies for, x. 17 ; leaping over bon- fires as a preventive of, x. 107, 195^., 344 ; attributed to witchcraft, x. 344
Cohgny calendar of Gaul, i. 17 «.2, ix. 342 sqq.
Coll, Dr. Samuel Johnson in the island of, viii. 322 ; the Hole Stone in the island of, xi. 187
GENERAL INDEX
Collatinus, L. Tarquinius, one of the first consuls, ii. 288, 290
Colleda, an old Servian goddess, x. 259
Collobrieres in Provence, rain-making at, i. 307
Colluinn, custom of beating a cow's hide in the Highlands, viii. 323, 324
Colocasia antiquorum, charm used at gathering, ii. 23
Cologne, Petrarch at, on St. John's Eve, v. 247 sq. ; St. John's fourteen Mid- summer victims at, xi. 27
Colombia, the Goajiro Indians of, iii. 30 *?•• 325» 3S2» x- 34 w-1; the Muysca Indians of, iii. 121 ; the Aurohuaca Indians of, iii. 215 ; rule as to the felling of timber in, vi. 136 ; the Popayan Indians of, their belief in the transmigration of human souls into deer, viii. 286 ; Guacheta in, x. 74
Colophon, the Clarian Apollo at, iv. Sow.1
Columbia, British, the Indians of, their use of magical images to procure fish, i. 108 ; taboos imposed on the parents of twins among the, i. 262 sqq. ; pay compliments to the first fish of the season, viii. 253
, British, the Thompson Indians
of, i. 132, 181, 197, 253, 288, 293, ii. 13, 208, iii. 37, 65, 117, 142, 181, 278, 399, viii. 81, 133, 140, 207, 226, 268, ix. 154 ; the Kwakiutl Indians of, i. 197, 201, 263, 324, ni. 53, 76, 1 88, 386, viii. 250 ; the Tsimshian Indians of, i. 262, viii. 254 ; the Nootka Indians of, i. 263, iii. 27, 146 «.1, viii. 225, 251 ; the Lillooet Indians of, i. 265 ; the Shuswap In- dians of, 1.265,319, iii. 83, 142, 146 n.1, viii. 238 ; the Skungen Indians of, ii. 32 ; the Bella Coola Indians of, iii. 34, x. 46, xi. 174; the Nass River in, iii. 76 ; the Carrier Indians of, iii. 197, 367 ; the Tsetsaut Indians of, iii. 198, 260 ; the Tinneh or De"n6 Indians of, iii. 240; the Kutonaqa of, iv. 183; the coast tribes of, their ceremonial canni- balism, vii. 1 8 sqq. \ the Koskimo of, vii. 20 n. ; the Nishga Indians of, viii. 106 ; the Okanaken Indians of, viii. 134
Columbia River, the Indians of, their customs in regard to the first salmon caught in the season, viii. 255
Columella, on chastity to be observed by those who handle food, ii. 205 ; on the date for the fertilization of fig-trees, ii. 314 ; on the fodder of cattle, ii. 328 n.1 ; on caprification, ix. 258
Comana in Cappadocia, v. 136 n.1
in Pontus, worship of goddess
Ma at, v. 39, ix. 421 ».1; swine not
allowed to enter, v. 265 n.1 ; sacred
harlots at, ix. 370 n.1 Comana, the two cities, v. 168 n.9 Comanches, the, their way of procuring
rain or sunshine, i. 297 ; changes in
their language caused by fear of
naming the dead, iii. 360 Combat, mortal, for the kingdom, ii.
322 Combe, in Oxfordshire, May garlands at,
ii. 62 «.2
Combe d'Ain, x. 114 Combing the hair forbidden, i. 157, iii.
14, 159 n., 181, 187, 203, 208, 264;
thought to cause storms, ni. 271 Combretum primigenum, the sacred tree
of the Herero, ii. 213, 218 Combs not to be used by wives during
absence of camphor hunters, i. 125 ;
in homoeopathic magic, i. 125, 157 ;
used by girls in their seclusion at
puberty, iii. 146 n.1; of sacred persons,
iii. 256 Comedies played as a rain-charm, i.
301 n. Comitium, dances of the Salii in the,
ix. 232
Commagny, the priory of, i. 307 Commemoration of the Dead at Athens,
v. 234
Comminges, Midsummer fires in, x. 192 sq. Commodus, the Emperor, conspiracy
against, v. 273 ; addicted to the wor- ship of Isis, vi. 118 Common objects, names of, changed
when they coincide more or less with
those of relations, iii. 335, 336, 337,
339. 339 •*?•• 340. 34L 345. 346; changed when they are the names of the dead, iii. 358 sqq., 375, or the names of chiefs and kings, iii. 375, 376 sqq.
words tabooed, iii. 392 sqq.
Communal rights over women, v. 40, 61 «.
taboos, vii. 109 «.2
Communion with demons by drinking blood, i. 383 ; with deity in Eleusinian mysteries, vii. 38, 161 ; with deity by eating of new fruits, viii. 83 ; with the dead through food, viii. 154 ; with the dead by swallowing their ashes, viii. 1 56 sqq. ; with deity by eating his body and drinking his blood, viii. 325 ; with saints, alive or dead, by means of stones, ix. 21 sq.
Communion bread baked from the first corn cut, viii. 51
Communism, tradition of sexual, ii. 284
Community, welfare of, bound up with the life of the divine king, x. i sff. :
224
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
purified in the persons of its repre- sentatives, xi. 24
Comorin, Cape, iv. 46
Compelling rain -gods to give rain, i. 296 sqq.
Compitalia, a Roman festival, effigies dedicated at, viii. 94, 96, 107
Complexity of social phenomena, i. 332 ; of religious phenomena, viii. 36
Compromise of Christianity with pagan- ism, parallel, with Buddhism, v. 310 sqq.
Comrie, well of St. Fillan at, ii. 161
Con or Cun, a thunder-god of the Indians of the Andes, ii. 370
Conca d'Oro at Palermo, i. 299
Concealment from superstitious motives at eating and drinking, iii. 116 sqq. \ of the face or person from supersti- tious motives, iii. 120 sqq. ; of mis- carriage in childbed, supposed effects of, ih. 152 sqq., 211, 213; of cut hair and nails to prevent them from falling into the hands of sorcerers, iii. 276 sqq. ; of personal names from fear of magic, iii. 320 sqq. ; of graves, vi. 103 sqq. , viii. 98 sqq.
Conception in women, supposed causes of, i. loo, v. 96, 102, 103, 104, 105 ; caused by trees, ii. 51, 56^., 316-318 ; supposed, without sexual intercourse, v. 91, 93 «.3, 96 sqq. , 264, ix. 18 ; animals and plants as causes of, in women, v. 97 sq. , 104 sq. See also Impregnation
Conchucos, the, of Peru, esteemed foxes sacred, viii. 258 w.1
Conciliating the spirits of the land, iii. no sq.
Conciliation involved in religion, i. 224 ; of slain enemies, iii. 182
Concord, temple of, at Rome, i. ir, 21 n*
Concordia, nurse of St. Hippolytus, i. 21 n*
Concubines, temporary king allowed to use the real king's, iv. 114 ; human, of the god Ammon, v. 72 ; of a king taken by his successor, ix. 368
Conde", in Normandy, ix. 183 ; bonfires on Christmas Eve near, x. 266
Conder, C. R. , on " holy men " in Syria, v. 77 ».4 ; on turning money at the new moon, vi. 149 n/2
Condor, the bird of the thunder-god, ii. 370
Conduct, standard of, shifted from natural to supernatural basis, iii. 213 sq.
Conductivity, electric, of various kinds of wood, xi. 299 n.2
Condylea in Arcadia, sacred grove of Artemis at, v. 291
Cone, image of Astarte, v. 14
Cones as emblems of a goddess, v. 34
sqq. , 165, 166; votive, found in Baby-
lonia, v. 35 n.* Confession of the dead, the Egyptian, vi.
of sins, i. 266, iii. 114, 191, 195, 211 sq. , 214 sqq., viii. 69, ix. 31, 36, 127 ; enjoined as a religious duty among the Huichol Indians, i. 124 ; originally a magical ceremony, iii. 217; the Jewish, over the scapegoat, ix. 210
Conflagrations, bonfires supposed to protect against, x. 107, 108, 140, 142, 344 ; brands of Midsummer bonfires thought to be a protection against, x. 165, 174, 183, 188, 196; the Yule log a protection against, x. 248 sq. , 250, 255, 256, 258 ; Midsummer flowers a protection against, xi. 48 ; mountain arnica a protection against, xi. 58 ; oak -mistletoe a protection against, xi. 85
Conflict of calendars, solar and lunar, x. 218
Conflicts, sanguinary, as rain-charms, i. 258 ; annual, at the New Year, old intention of, ix. 184
Confucianism, its success due to the personal influence of its founder, vi.
159*7-
Confusion between a man and his totem, i. 107
- of magic and religion, i. 226 sq. • in Melanesia, i. 227 sq. ; in ancient India, i. 228 sq. ; in ancient Egypt, i. 230 sq. ; in modern Europe, i. 231 sqq. ; the confusion not primitive, i. 233 sq.
Congo Free State, the Ba-Yaka and Ba-Yanzi of the, i. 348, iii. 186 «.1; the Tofoke of the, vii. 119
Congo, the French, the Fans of the, xi. 161
- , kingdom or region of, palm-wine offered to trees in the, ii. 15 ; custom observed by pregnant women in the, ii. 58 ; the pontiff Chitom£ in the, iii. 5, iv. 14 ; conjuring spirits at meals in the, iii. 120 ; food taboos in the, iii. 137 ; precaution as to the spittle of the king of the, iii. 289 sq. ; priest dressed as a woman in, vi. 254 sq. ; images stuck with nails in the, ix. 70 w.1 ; birth-trees in the, xi. 161 sq. \ theory of the external soul in the, xi. 200 ; the Bushongo of the, xi. 229 n. ; use of bull-roarers in the, xi. 229 n.
- , the Lower, belief in the reincarna- tion of the dead among the natives of, i. 103 sq. ; superstition as to resem- blance between parent and child among the tribes of, iii. 89 ; natives of, theii belief as to stepping over a person
GENERAL INDEX
225
iii. 423 sq. \ burial ot infants on the, v. 91 ; taboos observed by women who plant seeds among the tribes of, vii. 115 sq. ; seclusion of girls at puberty on the, x. 31 ; rites of initiation on the, xi. 251 sqq.
Congo, the Upper, Kibanga on, iv. 34 ; the Bangala of, vii. 119 ; the Boloki of, xi. 161, 229 n.
, King of Rain at mouth of the, ii. 2
Congo negroes, their belief in the abstrac- tion of souls by sorcerers, iii. 70
tribes, recall of stray souls among
the, iii. 44 sq.
Congregation de Notre Dame at Paris, Childermas at the, ix. 337
Conibos Indians of the Ucayali River, regard thunder as the voice of the dead, ii. 183 n.2 ; their theory of earthquakes, v. 198
Conical stone as divine emblem, v. 165, 1 6 6. See also Cones
Conitz, in West Prussia, saying as to wind in corn at, vii. 288
Conjunction of sun and moon, viii. 15 n.1 ',> a time for marriage, iv. 73 ; time chosen for ritual observances, vm. 15 n.1
Conjuring spirits at meals, in. 120
Connaught, taboos observed by the ancient kings of, iii. ii sq. ; Mid- summer fires in, x. 203 ; cave of Cruachan in, x. 226 ; palace of the kings of, xi. 127
Connemara, Midsummer fires in, x. 203
Conquering races, great, have advanced civilization, i. 128
Conquerors sometimes leave a nominal kingship to the conquered, ii. 288 sq.
Consecration of the sacnficer of Soma in Vedic India, in. 159 n.\ of the first- born among the Hebrews, iv. 172 ; among the ancient Italians, iv. 187
Conservation of energy, vni. 262, 303
"Consort, the divine," ii. 131, 135
Constance, the Council of, forbade pro- cessions with bears and other animals, viii. 326 J7.8
, the Lake of, superstition as to St.
John's Day on, xi. 26
Constantine destroys temple of Astarte, v. 2b ; suppresses sacred prostitution, v. 37 ; removes standard cubit from the Serapeum, vi. 216 sq.
Constantinople, accusation of binding the winds by magic at, . 325 ; protected against flies and gnats, viii. 281 ; column at, xi. 157
Constellations observed by the aborigines of Victoria, vii. 308 ; observed by savages, vii. 313, 314^., 315, 317
Constitution of Athens, Aristotle's, ii. 137 w.1
Consuls, the first Roman, ii. 290
Consulship at Rome, institution of, ii. 290 sq.
Consummation of marriage prevented by knots and locks, iii. 299 sqq.
Consumption transferred to bird, ix. 51, xi. 187 ; ashes of the Midsummer fires a cure for, x. 194 sq.
Consumptive patients passed through holes in stones or rocks, xi. 186 sq.
Census and Ops, vi. 233 «.6
Contact with sacred things deemed dangerous, viii. 27 sqq. ; between certain foods in stomach of eater forbidden, viii. 83 sqq. , 90
or contagion in magic, law of, i.
52, S3
Contagion of death, banishment of the, ix. 37
Contagious magic, i. 52, 53 sq. , 174- 214, in. 246, 268, 272; of teeth, i. 176-182 ; of navel-string and afterbirth (placenta), i. 182-201 ; of wound and weapon, i. 201 sqq. ; of footprints, i. 207-212; of other impressions, i. 213 sq. ; of the man-god, in. 132
taboos, i. 117
Contempt of death, iv. 142 sqq.
Contest for the kingship at Whitsuntide, ii. 89 sq.\ for the throne of Egypt, traditions of a, vi. 17 sq.
, Ancestral, at the Eleusinian Games,
vii. 71, 74, 77
Contests fora bride, ii. 305 sqq. ; for pos- session of the corn-spirit, vii. 74 sq.t 1 80 ; between reapers, vii. 74^., 136, 140, 141, 142, 144, 152, 153 sq.t 155, 156, 164 sq., 219, 253, 273; between binders of corn, vii. 136, 137. I38, 218 sq. , 220, 221, 222, 253, 273 ; between threshers, vii. 147 sqq.% 218, 219 sq. , 221 sq., 223 sq. , 253
, dramatic, between actors repre- senting Summer and Winter, iv. 254 sqq.
Conti, Nicolo, on religious suicide, iv. 54
Continence in magical ceremonies, i. 88 ; required during the search for the sacred cactus, i. 124; at rain-making ceremonies, i. 257, 259 ; required of parents of twins, i. 266 ; practised before fertility ceremonies, ii. 98 ; practised in order to make the crops grow, ii. 104 sqq. ; enjoined on people during the rounds of sacred pontiff, iii. 5 ; of priests, iii. 6, 159 n. ; on eve of period of taboo, iii. 1 1 ; observed by those who have handled the dead, iii. 141, 142 ; during war, iii. 157, 158 w.1, 161, 163, 164, 165 ; after victory, iii. 166 sqq.t *75> 178. 179. 181 ; by cannibals, iii. j88 ; by fishers and hunters, iii. 191,
226
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
192, 193, 194, 195. I96> 197. X98. 207; by workers in salt-pans, iii. 200; at brewing beer, wine, and poison, iii. 200 sq. , 201 sq. ; at baking, iii. 201 ; at making coco-nut oil, iii. 201 ; at building canoes, in. 202 ; at house- building, iii. 202 ; at making or repair- ing dams, iii. 202 ; on trading voyages, iii. 203 ; after festivals, iii. 204 ; on journeys, iii. 204 ; while cattle are at pasture, iii. 204 ; by lion-killers and bear-killers, iii. 220, 221 ; before hand- ling holy relics, iii. 272 ; by tabooed men, iii. 293 ; at consulting an oracle, iii. 314 ; at sowing and reaping, vii. 109 n.2 ; and fasting observed before ploughing and sowing, viii. 14, 15 ; at festival of first-fruits, viii. 75 ; com- bined with abstinence from salt, vni. 75- 93« 93 n- * &fter eating of a god, viii. 93 ; at bladder festival of the Esquimaux, viii. 248 ; during Lent, ix. 348 ; as preparation for walking through fire, xi. 3. See also Chastity
Conty, in France, Lenten fires at, x. 113
Conway, Professor R. S. , on the ety- mology of Virbius, ii. 379 n.6 ; on the etymology of Soranus, xi. 15 n.1
Conybeare, F. C. , on Christians worship- ping each other as Christs, i. 407 n.3 ; on the feminine sex of the Holy Ghost, iv. 5 n.3
Cook, A. B., i. 40 n,3 and 4, ii. 307 n.2, v. 49 ».8 ; on the slope of Virbius, i. 4 n.6 ; on circular basement at Nemi, i. 13 n.6 ; on Manius Egerius, i. 23 n. ; on association of horse and wolf, i. 27 «.8 ; on double-headed bust at Nemi, i. 42 n.1 ; on the name Egeria, ii. 172 «.3; on parallelism between Rome and Aricia, ii. 173 «.2; on personification of Zeus by Greek kings, ii. 177 «.8; on the Alban kings, ii. 178 n.3 ; on the Alban sow, ii. 187 n.*\ on substitu- tion of poplar for oak, ii. 220 n.3 ; on the consulship, ii. 290 ;z.8 ; on the death of Servius Tullius, ii. 321 n.1; on gongs at Dodona, ii. 358 «.4 ; on the oak as the tree of Zeus, ii. 359 «.3; on con- nexion of the King of the Wood with the Silvii, ii. 379 «.4 ; on Plautus, Casina, ii. 379 «.5; on association of Diana with the oak, ii. 380 «.4 ; on Jupiter-Janus, Juno-Diana, ii. 383 ».2 ; on derivation of janua from Janus, ii. 384 «.2 ; on Minos and Pasiphae, iv. 71 «.2; on octennial tenure of Greek kingship, iv. 78 «.2 ; on festival of Laurel-bearing at Thebes, iv. 79 n.lt vi. 241 n.3 ; on sacred oak at Delphi, iv. 80 ; on substitution of laurel (or oak, iv. ST sg. ; as to a scene on the
frieze of the Parthenon, iv. 89 «.*; on assimilation of Olympic victors to Zeus, iv. 90 ; on name of priest of Corycian Zeus, v. 155 n.1 \ on death of Romulus, vi. 98 n.2; on traces of mother-kin m myth and ritual of Hercules, vi. 259 «.4; on use of bells and gongs to ban demons in antiquity, ix. 246 n.2 ; on the oak of Errol, xi. 284 n.1
Cook, Captain James, on the Tahitian belief in spirits or gods, ix. 80 sq.
Cook, menstruous women not allowed to, x. 80, 82, 84, 90
Cooking, taboos as to, iii. 147 sq. , 156, 165, 169, 178, 185, 193, 194, 198, 209, 221, 256
Cooks, Roman, required to be chaste, ii. 115 sq., 205
Coomassie, in Ashantee, human sacri- fice for earthquake at, v. 201 ; the festival of the new yams at, viii. 62 sqq. ; bones of Sir Charles M'Carthy kept as fetishes at, vni. 149
Cooper, Rev. Sydney, on the harvest " neck" in Cornwall, vii. 262 n.3
Coorgs, the, of Southern India, their ceremonies at reaping and eating the new rice, viii. 55 sq.
Cootchie, a demon of the Dieri, expelled by medicine-men, ix. no
Copenhagen, the museum at, ii. 352 ; bathing on St. John's Eve at, v. 248 ; statue of Demeter at, vii. 43 n.6
Copper, unstamped, early Italian money, i. 23
Copper needle, story of man who could only be killed by a, xi. 314
rings as amulets, iii. 315
River, Esquimaux of the, iii. 184
Coptic calendar, vi. 6 «.3
church forbade use of iron in
exorcism, iii. 235 ; forbade the tying of magic knots, ni. 310 n.6 ; enjoins continence during Lent, ix. 348
Cor-mass, procession of wicker giants at Dunkirk, xi. 34
Cora Indians of Mexico, their magical images, i. 55 sq. ; their dance at sow- ing, ix. 238 ; their dramatic dances, ix. 381
Coral rings as amulets, iii. 315
Coran, the, in incantations, i. 64 ; verse of, recited as a charm, ix. 62. See also Koran
Corannas of South Africa, custom as to succession among the, iv. 191 sq. ; their children after an illness passed under an arch, xi. 192
Core, his purification, ii. 116
Cordia ovalis, used in kindling fire by friction, ii. 210
Cords, knotted, in magic, iii. 299, 302,
GENERAL INDEX
227
303 sq. , 309 ; tied tightly round the bodies of girls at puberty, x. 92 n.1
Corea, offerings to souls of the dead in trees in, n. 31 ; the effigy of the king not struck on coins of, iii. 99 ; clipped hair burned in, iii. 283 ; ciibtom of swinging in, iv. 284 sq. ; dance of eunuchs in, v. 270 n.2 ; use of effigies to prolong life m, viii. 105 ; first-fruits of all crops formerly offered to king of, viii. 122 ; bones of tigers prized m, as means of inspiring courage, viii. 145 ; cairns to which each passer-by adds a stone in, ix. ii ; offerings at cairns in, ix. 27; traps for demons in, ix. 61 sq. ; belief in demons m, ix. 99 sq. ; spirit of disease expelled in, ix. 119 ; annual expulsion of demons in, ix. 147 ; the tug-of-war in, ix. 177 sq. ; custom observed after childbirth by women in, x. 20 ; use of torches to ensure good crops in, x 340
, the kings of, held responsible for
rain and the crops, i. 355 ; formerly confined to their palace, in. 125 ; not to be touched with iron, iii. 226 ; their names not to be uttered by their sub- jects, iii. 376
Coreans, their belief as to absence of soul in sleep, iii. 41 ; their ceremony on the fifteenth day of the moon, vi. 143 ; their annual ceremonies for the riddance of evils, ix. 202 sq.
Corfu, May songs and trees in, ii. 63 sq.
Corinth, family supposed to control the winds at, i. 324
Corinthians make images of Dionysus out of a pine-tree, vii. 4
Cormac, on Beltane fires, x. 157
Cormac Mac Art, king of Ireland, iv. 39
Corn ground by pregnant women, i. 140 ; defiled persons kept from the, ii. 112; reaped ear of, displayed at mysteries of Eleusis, ii. 138 sq. , vii. 38; sheaf of, dressed up to represent Death, iv. 248 ; water thrown on the last corn cut, a rain-charm, v. 237 sq. \ sprouting from the dead body of Osiris, vi. 89 ; personified as Demeter, vii. 42; the various kinds of, called ' ' Demeter's fruits," vii. 42 ; first-fruits of, offered to Demeter and Persephone at Eleusis, vii. 53 sqq. ; first bestowed on the Athenians by Demeter, vii. 54 ; personi- fied as female, vii. 130 ; wreath of, made from last sheaf, vii. 1 34 ; double personi- fication of, as mother and daughter, vii. 207 sqq. ; the first corn cut, customs connected with, vii. 215 sq. ; patches of unreaped, left at harvest, vii. 233 ; iden- tification of persons with, vii. 252 ; the
last left standing, the corn-spirit sup- posed to be in, vn. 254, 268 ; the new, eaten sacramental ly, viii. 48.^. ; the first cut, used to bake the communion bread, viii. 51; sanctity of the, viii. no; the last cut, corn-spirit in, viii. 328 ; charm to make the corn grow tall, x. 1 8 ; thro.vn on the man who brings the Yule log, x. 260, 262, 264 ; blazing besoms flung aloft to make the corn grow high, x. 340
Corn and grapes, symbols of the god of Tarsus, v. 119, 143; of the god of Ibreez, v. 121 ; figured with double- headed axe on Lydian coin, v. 183
and poppies as symbols of Demeter,
vii. 43 sq^
and vine, emblems of the gods of
Tarsus and Ibreez, v. 160 sq.
Corn Baby at harvest, vii. 150 sq.t 153, 292
bull at threshing, vii. 291
cat in the corn, vii. 280
-cow at reaping, vii. 289
dog at harvest, vii. 272
-ears, Queen of the, vii. 146 ; crown
of, vii. 163, 221, 283 ; wreath of, as badge of priestly office, ix. 232
festivals of the Cora Indians, ix. 381
flowers, the blue, supposed danger
of plucking, vii. 272, 282
-foal, the corn-spirit as, vii. 294
fool at threshing, vii. 148
-goat, vii. 282, 283, 286, 287
-god, Adonis as a, v. 230 sqq. ; Attis
as a, v. 279 ; mourned at midsummer, vi. 34 ; Osiris as a, vi. 89 sqq. , 96 sqq.
-harvest, the first-fruits of the,
offered at Lammas, iv. 101 sq.
horse, the corn-spirit as, vii. 294
-maiden at harvest, vii. 150, 230 ;
in the Highlands of Scotland, vii. 155 sqq. , 164 sqq.
-mallet at threshing, vii. 148
-man at harvest, vii. 223 ; the goal
of a women's race, vii. 76 sq.
mother, the, vii. 1 50 ; at Eleusis,
ii. 139 ; in Northern Europe, vii. 131 sqq. ; makes the crops to grow, vii. 133; in last sheaf, vii. 133 sqq. ; personated by a woman, vii. 150, 261 ; primitive character of the European, vii. 170; in America, vii. 171 sqq. ; in many lands, vii. 171 sqq. ; in canton of Zurich, vii. 232
-pug at threshing, vii. 273
queen made out of last sheaf, vii. 146
reapers, songs of the, vii. 214 sqq.
-reaping in Egypt, Palestine, and
Greece, date of the, i. 32, v. 231 ».8
-sheaf, image of Metsik made of a,
ii. SS
228
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Corn-sieve, severed limbs of Osiris placed on a, vi. 97 ; new-born infant placed m, vn. 7 ; beaten at ceremony of expulsion of poverty, ix, 145. See also Winnowing-fan i -sow at harvest, vii. 271, 298 -. -spirit called the Old Man or the Old Woman, iv. 253 sq. ; Tammuzor Adonis as a, v. 230 s of the, perhaps fused with a worship of the dead, v. 233 sqq. ; represented as a dead old man, vi. 48, 96 ; repre- sented by human victims, vi. 97, 106 sq. ; contests for possession of the, vii. 74 sg., 180 ; conceived as old, vii. 136 sqq. ; in last sheaf threshed, vii. 139, 147, 168, viii. 48 ; represented in duplicate, vii. 139 ; lurks among the corn in the barn till driven out by the threshing-flail, vii. 147, 274^., 286; personal representative of, killed in mimicry, vii. 149 sq,t 224 sq. \ con- ceived as young, vii. 150 sqq. ; as Bride and Bridegroom, vii. 162 sqq. ; as male and female, vii. 164, viii. 9 ; as female, both old and young, vii. 164 sqq. ; represented by person who cuts, binds, or threshes the last corn, vii. 167 sq., 220 sqq., 236, 253 sq. ; ferti- lizing influence of, vii. 168 ; its influ- ence on women, vii. 168 ; represented by human beings, vii. 168, 2045^., viii. 333 ; preserved in last sheaf, vii. 171 ; conceived by the Iroquois as a woman, vii. 177; in form of an old man, vii. 206 sq. ; conceived either as immanent in the corn or as external to it, vii. 2ii ; in first corn cut, vii.
215 ; personal representative of, killed in mimicry, vii. 216; killing the, vii.
216 sqq. , 223 sqq. ; represented by living man, vii. 224 ; represented by a puppet, vii. 224 ; represented by persons wrapt in corn, vii. 225 sq. ; represented by a stranger, vii. 225 sqq. , 230 sq. ; conceived as poor and robbed by the reapers, vii. 231 sqq. ; slain in his human representatives, vii. 251 sqq. ; in last standing corn, vii. 254, 268 ; the neck of the, vii. 268 ; beheaded when last corn is cut, vii. 268 ; the tail of the, vii. 268, 272, 300, viii. 10, 43; as animal, vii. 270 sqq.t xi. 43 ; as wolf or dog, vii. 271 sgg.t viii. 327; as cock, vii. 276^. ; killed in form of live cock, vii. 277 sq. ; as hare, vii. 279 sq. ; as cat, vii. 280 sq. ; as goat, vii. 281 sqq. ; killed as goat, vii. 284 sq. , 287, viii. 327 sq. ; lame, vii. 284 ; as bull, cow, or ox, vii. 288 sqq. , viii. 6 sqq. , 8, 34; killed in form of bull, vii. 290, 291 sf. ; killed at threshing,
vii. 291 sq. ; in form of calf, vii. 292 ; as old and young in form of cow and calf, vii. 292 ; as horse or mare, vii. 292 sqq. ; as a bird, vii. 295 ; as a quail, vii. 295 ; as fox, vii. 296^. ; as pig (boar, sow), v" ?OQ ""? ; in form of boar, vii. 301, VM-. ^.'-i , ••imanent in the last sheaf, vii. 301 ; on the animal embodiments of the, vii. 3035^ ; repre- sented by an ox, viii. 9 sqq. ; killed in animal form and eaten sacramentaliy, viii. 20 ; reason for killing the, viii. 138 ; as a bear, viii. 325 sqq. ; repre- sented dramatically, viii. 325 ; as ram, viii. 328 ; kept through the winter in the form of an animal, viii. 328 ; re- presented by a man called the Straw- bear, viii. 329 ; human representative of the, dragged over the fresh furrows, viii. 332, 333 ; in last standing corn, x. 12 ; human representatives of, put to death, xi. 25
Corn-spirits, male and female, a pair of, vn. 286
-stalks, harvesters wrapt up in, vii.
220 sqq.
steer at reaping last ears of corn,
vn. 289
stuffed effigies of Osiris buried
with the dead as a symbol of resunec- tion, vi. 90 sq. , 114
-wolf m corn, vii. 272, 273, 275
-woman, vii. 230, 233 ; at thresh- ing, vii. 149 ; among the North American Indians, vii. 177
wreaths as first-fruits, v. 43 ; worn
by Arval Brethren, v. 44 n.
Cornaby, Rev. W. A., iv. 273; on reported substitutes for capital punish- ment m China, iv. 275 sq.
Corne, near Tusculum, sacred grove of Diana at, ii. 190 «.8
Cornel branches, men and beasts beaten with, for their health, ix. 266
tree, sacred, in Rome, ii. 10 ; in
popular remedy, ix. 55 ; laziness trans- ferred to a, ix. 55 ; wood used to kindle need-fire, x. 286
Corners of fields not to be reaped, vii. 234 sq.
Cornford, F. M., on the Olympic victors as personifying the Sun and Moon, iv. 91 n.1
Cornish customs on May Day, ii. 52, 60, 67
Cornouaille, in Brittany, weather fore- cast for the year at, ix. 323 sq.
Cornstalks, festival of the, at Eleusis, vii. 63
Cornutus on the poppy as a symbol of Demeter, vii. 44 ; on Persephone as the seed sown, vii. 46 n,*
GENERAL INDEX
229
Cornwall, May Day custom as to haw- thorn in bloom m, n. 52 ; temporary king in, iv. 153^.; custom of "cry- ing the neck" in, vii. 266 sq. ; Snake Stones in, x. 15, 16 n.1 \ Midsummer fires in, x. 199 sq. ; burnt sacrifices to stay cattle disease in, x. 300 sq. ; holed stone through which people used to creep in, xi. 187
Coro, province of Venezuela, custom of drinking po\vdered body of dead chief in, viii. 157
Coronation, human sacrifices to prolong a king's life at his, vi. 223
Coronation ceremony in England, chal- lenge to mortal combat at, li. 322
Corp chre, magical clay image in Scot- land, i. 68 sq.
Corporal punishment, voluntary substi- tutes for, in China, iv. 275 sq.
Corporeal relics of dead kings confer right to throne, iv. 202 sq.
Corpse, priest of Earth forbidden to see a, x. 4
11 Corpse- praying priest," ix. 45
Corpses, knots not allowed about, iii. 310 ; devoured by members of Secret Societies, ix. 377
Corpulence regarded as a distinction and beauty, ii. 297
Corpus Christ! Day, the Slaying of the Dragon on the Sunday after, n. 163 ; the Pleiades worshipped by the Peru- vian Indians on, vii. 310 ; processions on, x. 165
Correze, district of the Auvergne, super- stition as to reflections in, 111. 95
and Creuse, departments of, St.
John's fires in the, x. 190
Corsica, blood-revenge in, ii. 321 ; Mid- summer fires in, x. 209
Corsicans divine by the shoulder-blades of sheep, iii. 229 «.4
Corycian cave, priests of Zeus at the, v. 145 ; the god of the, v. 152 sqq. ; de- scribed, v. 153 sq. \ saffron at the, v. 187 ; name perhaps derived from crocus, v. 187
Corycus in Cilicia, ruins of, v. 153
Cos, king of, sacrifices to Hestia, i. 45 ; titular kings in, i. 46 «.4 ; sanctuary of Aesculapius in, ii. 10 ; altar of Rainy Zeus in, ii. 360 ; traces of mother-kin in, vi. 259 ; Sacied Marriage in, vi. 259 «.4 ; bridegroom dressed as woman in, vi. 260 ; harvest-home in, vii. 47 ; image of Demeter in, vii. 47, 61 ; Zeus Polieus in, viii. 5 «.a ; custom of beating cattle in March in, ix. 266 ; effigies of Judas burnt at Easter in, x. 130 ; Midsummer fires in, x.
212
Cosenza in Calabria, Easter custom at, v. 254
Cosmogonies, primitive, perhaps influ- enced by human sacrifices, ix. 409 sqq.
Cosquin, E. , on the book of Esther, ix. 367 n.8 ; on helpful animals and ex- ternal souls in folk-tales, xi. 133 n.1
Cosse de Nau, the Yule log, x. 251
Costa Rica, the Bnbn Indians of, iii. 147, x. 86 ; Indians of, their treatment of the bones of animals, viii. 259 n.1 ; their customs in fasts, x. 20 ; cere- monial uncleanness among the, x. 65 n.1 ; the Guatusos of, xi. 230 n.
C6te d'Or, the Fox at reaping in, vii. 296
Cotton, the Mother of, in the Punjaub, vii. 178 ; treatment of first cotton picked, viii. 119
Cotton-bleacher, human god the son of a, i. 376
Cot ton wood trees, the shades or spirits of, ii. 12
Cotys, king of Lydia, v. 187
Coudreau, H. , on the custom of stinging with ants among the Indians of French Guiana, x. 63 sq.
Coughs transferred to animals, ix. 51, 52
Couit-gil, the spirit of a dead person, among the aborigines of Victoria, iii.
350 Coulommiers, in France, notion as to
mistletoe at, xi. 316 n.1 Counter-charm for witchcraft, "scoring
above the breath," x. 316 n.2 Couples married within the year obliged
to dance by torchlight, x. 115, 339 Coupling ewes and rams, the time for,
ii. 328, 328 «.4 Couppe', Mgr. , on the belief in demons
in New Britain, ix. 82 Courage acquired by eating the flesh of
fierce beasts, viii. 140, 141 sqq. ;
seated in gall-bladder, viii. 145 sq. ;
acquired by eating the flesh or drink- ing the blood of brave men, viii. 148
sqq.
Court etiquette, iv. 39 sq. Courtiers required to imitate their
sovereign, iv. 39 sq. Cousins, male and female, not allowed
to mention each other's names, iii. 344 Couteau or Knife Indians, viii. 227 «. Covenant formed by eating together, iii.
130 ; formed by mixing the blood of
the covenanting parties, iii. 130 ; spittle
used in making a, iii. 290 Coventry, Midsummer giants at, xi. 37 Covering up mirrors at a death, iii. 94 sq. Cow bewitched, iii. 93 ; ceremony of
rebirth from a golden, iii. 113; as
symbol of the moon, iv. 71 sq. ; image
of, in the rites of Osiris, vi. 50, 84:
230
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Isis represented with the head of a, vi. 50 ; thought to be impregnated by moonshine, vi. 130 sq. ; in calf treated like woman in childbed, vii. 33 ; corn- spirit as, vii. 288 sqq.
Cow, black, in rain-charm, i. 290
, white, with red ears, used in ex- piation, ii. 116
Cow-goddess Shenty, vi. 88
headed women, statuettes of, found
at Lycosura, viii. 21 «.4
Cow's hide, thresher of last corn wrapt in, vii. 291 ; custom of beating the, on Hogmanay, viii. 322 sqq.
Cowboy of the king of Unyoro, taboos observed by the, ni. 159 n.
Cows, the afterbirths of, how treated, i. 198 sq. ; charm to increase the milk of, i. 198 sq. ; milked as a rain-charm, i. 284 ; washed in dew on Midsummer morning, ii. 127 ; pregnant, sacrificed to the Earth Goddess, ii. 229 ; milked through a ring as a precaution against witchcraft, iii. 314 sq. ; sacred to Isis, vi. 50; milked by women, vii. 118 ; the Hindoo worship of, viii. 37 ; and their milk, superstitions as to, vni. 84 ns.1 and 2; bewitched on Walpurgis Night, ix. 162 ; as scapegoats, ix. 193, 216 ; witches steal milk from, x. 343 ; mistletoe given to, xi. 86 ; milked through a hole in a branch or a "witch's nest," xi. 185
Coyohuacan, city of Mexico, paste idol eaten by warriors in, viii. 91
Coyote not to be named by children in winter, iii. 399
Crab in rain-charm, i. 289
Crabs used to extract vicious propensity, ix. 34 ; change their skin, ix. 303
Crackers ignited to expel demons, ix. 117, 146 sq. \ burnt to frighten ghosts, xi. 17, 18
Crackling of grain in fire a sign that the dead are eating it, viii. 65
Cracow, customs as to the last sheaf in the district of, vii. 145 ; Midsummer fires in the district of, x. 175
Craig, Captain Wolsey, on unlucky marriages in Barar, ii. 57 n.4
Crane, emblem of longevity, i. 169 n.1; dance called the, iv. 75
Cranes, trumpeting of the, signal for ploughing, vii. 45 ; their seasons of migration, vii. 45 n.1
Cranganore in Cochin, shrine of the goddess Bhagavati at, i. 280
Crannogs or lake-dwellings in the British Islands, h. 352
Crannon, in Thessaly, rain-making by means of a chariot at, i. 309 ; coins of, i. 309 n.9
Crassus, Publicius Licinius, funeral gam« in his honour, iv. 96
Crawfish in homoeopathic magic, i. 156; worshipped by Indians of Peru, viii. 250
Crawley, E. , on the external soul in the placenta and navel-string, i. 201 n.1
Cream, ceremony for thickening, x. 262
Cream-bowl wreathed with hawthorn in bloom on May morning, ii. 52
Creation, myths of, iv. 106 sqq. ; Baby- lonian legend of, iv. 106, no
of the world thought to be annually
repeated, v. 284; legends of, influenced by human sacrifices, ix. 409 sqq.
Creator, the grave of the, iv. 3; beheaded, ix. 4 10 ; sacrifices himself daily to create the world afresh, ix. 411
Creek Indians of North America, their tradition of the first fire, ii. 256 «.2 ; taboos imposed on lads at initiation among the, iii. 156 ; their mortification of themselves in war, iii. 161 sqq. ; the busk or festival of first-fruits among the, viii. 72 sqq. ; their belief in the homoeopathic magic of the flesh of animals, vni. 139 ; their dread of menstruous women, x. 88
Town, in Guinea, periodic expulsion
of demons at, ix. 204 n.1
Creepers, homoeopathic magic of, i. 145
Creeping through an arch as a cure, ix. 55 ; through a tunnel as a remedy for an epidemic, x. 283 sq. ; through cleft trees as cure for various maladies, xi. 170 sqq. ; through narrow openings in order to escape ghostly pursuers, xi. 177 sqq.
Crescent -shaped chest in the rites of Osiris, vi. 85, 130
Crests of the Cilician pirates, v. 149
Cretan festival of Dionysus, vii. 14 sq. ; of Hermes, ix. 350
myth of the murder of Dionysus,
vii. 13
Crete, milk-stones in, i. 165 ; precinct of Dictaean Zeus in, ii. 122 ; sacrifices without the use of iron in, iii. 226 sq. ; grave of Zeus in, iv. 3 ; sacred trees and pillars in, v. 107 «.2 ; ancient seat of worship of Demeter, vii. 131 ; pig not eaten in, viii. 21 n.1
Creuse and Correze, departments of, St. John's fires in the, x. 190
Crevaux, J., on stinging with ants as a ceremony, iii. 105
Crianlarich, in Strath Fillan, the harvest Cailleach at, vii. 166
Cricket, soul in form of, iii. 39 n.1
Crickets in homoeopathic magic, i. 156
Cries of reapers, vii. 263 sqq.
GENERAL INDEX
231
Crimea, the Karaits ol the, iii. 95 ; the Taurians of the, v. 294
Crimes, sticks or stones piled on the scene of, ix. 13 sqq.
Criminals shaved as a mode of purifica- tion, iii. 287 ; sacrificed, iv. 195, ix. 354> 396 sq. , 408 ; shorn to make them confess, xi. 158 sq.
Cripple or Lame Goat at harvest in Skye, vii. 284
Crnagora, divination on St. George's morning in, ii. 345
Croatia, souls of witches said to pass into trees in, ii. 32 ; Good Friday custom in, ix. 268 ; Midsummer fires in, x. 178
Croats of Istria, ' ' Sawing the Old Woman " among the, iv. 242 ; their belief as to the activity of witches on Midsummer Eve, xi. 75
Crocodile not to be met or seen by people of the crocodile clan, viii. 28 ; supposed to be born as the twin of a human child, viii. 212; clay image of, as a protection against mice, vm. 279 ; a Batta totem, xi. 223
Crocodile -catchers, rules observed by, viii. 209 sq.
clan of the Dinka, iv. 31
shaped hero, in Yam, v. 139 n.1
Crocodiles, Malay magic to catch, i. no sq. ; girls sacrificed to, ii. 152 ; not called by their proper names, iii. 401, 403, 410, 411, 415 sq. ; ancestral spirits m, viii. 123 ; hunted by Ravages for their flesh, viii. 208 w.2 ; often spared by savages out of respect, viii. 208 sqq. ; ceremonies observed at catching, viii. 209 sqq. ; kinship of men with, viii. 212 sq. , 214 sq. ; men sacrificed to, viii. 213 ; inspired human medium of, viii. 213 ; tern pie dedicated to, viii. 213 ; respected in Africa and Madagascar, viii. 213 sqq. ; sacred at Dix Cove, viii. 287 ; souls of the dead in, viii. 289, 290, 291, 295 ; fat of, x. 14 ; lives of persons bound up with those of, xi. 201, 202, 206, 209; ex- ternal human souls in, xi. 207, 209
Croesus, king of Lydia, his war with the Persians, ii. 316 ; captures Pteria, v. 128 ; the burning of, v. ij^sqq., 179, ix. 391 ; his burnt offerings to Apollo at Delphi, v. 180 n.1 \ dedicates golden lion at Delphi, v. 184 ; his son Atys, v. 286
Crofts, W. C. , on Whitsuntide Bride in Norway, ii. 92 n.*
Cromarty Firth, words tabooed by fisher- men of the, iii. 394
Cromer, Martin, on the Lithuanian wor- ship of fire, ii. 366 «.2
Cromm Cruach, a legendary Irish idol,
iv. 183 Cronia, a Greek festival resembling the
Saturnalia, ix. 351 ; at Olympia, ix.
352 5
Cromon, a Greek month, vi. 238, viii. 7,
8 n 1, ix. 351 ;/.-'
Cronius, Mount, at Olympia, sacrifice at the spring equinox on, i. 46 w.4
Cronus, an older god in Greece than Zeus, ii. 323 ; buried in Sicily, iv. 4 ; his sacri- fice of his son, iv. 166, 179 ; his treat- ment of his father and children, iv. 192 ; his marriage with his sister Rhea, iv. 194 ; identified with the Phoenician El, v. 1 66 ; castrates his father Uranus and is castrated by his son Zeus, v. 283 ; name applied to winter, vi. 41 ; and the Cronia, ix. 351 sq. ; his sacred hill at Olympia, ix. 352 ; and the Golden Age, ix. 353 ; and human sacrifice, ix.
353 S4' • 397 • cakes offered to, x. 153 «.8 Crook and scourge or flail, the emblems
of Osiris, vi. 108, 153, compare 20
Crooke, Rev. Mr., missionary in Tahu- ata, i. 387 n.1
Crooke, W. , i. 406 w.1, iv. 53 n.1, vii. 234 «.a, viii. 56 n. 3 ; on marriage to trees in India, ii. 57 «.4 ; on local gods served by aboriginal priests in India, ii. 288 n.1 ; on temporary sub- stitutes for the Shah of Persia, iv. 157 n.6, 159 n.1 ; on sacred dancing- guls, v. 65 n.1 ; on Mohammedan saints, v. 78 «.2 ; on infant burial, v. 93 sq. ; on the custom of the False Bride, vi. 262 n.z ; on Bhumiya, viii. 118 n. ; as to use of spindle in ritual, viii. 119 «.8
Crop supposed to be spoilt if a man were to name his father and mother, iii. 341
Crops, dancing and leaping as charms to promote the growth of the, i. 137^^., ix. 232, 238 sqq. , x. 119, 165, 166, 166 sq. , 168, 173, 174, 337 ; inter- course of the sexes to promote the growth of the, ii. 98 sqq. ; thought to be blighted by sexual crime, ii. 107 sqq. ; swinging for the good of the, iv. 156 sq. , 277, 278, 283 ; depend- ent on serpent -god, v. 67; games to promote the growth of the, v. 92 sqq. ; tales as a charm to pro- mote the growth of the, v. 102, 103 sq. ; human victims sacrificed for the, v. 290 sq. , vii. 236 sqq. ; charms and spells for growth of, vii. 100 ; bull- roarers sounded to promote the growth of the, vii. 104, 106, xi. 232 ; rotation of, vii. 117 ; vermin the enemies of the crops, superstitious devices for de- stroying, intimidating, or propitiating,
33*
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
viii. 274 sqq. ; supposed to be spoiled by menstruous \vomen, x. 79, 96 ; leaping over bonfires to ensure good, x. 107 ; Midsummer fires thought to ensure good, x. 188, 336; torches swung by eunuchs to ensure good, x.
340 Cross, Days of the, in Esthonia, i. 325 ;
wind of the, i. 325 .1 of twisted corn on Candlemas, ii.
95 »•
•« of the Horse," first sheaf called
the, vii. 294. See also Crosses
Cross River of Southern Nigeria, Eatin on the, i. 349 ; the Indem tribe of the, ii. 32 ; sacred chiefs on the, confined to their compounds, iii. 124 ; natives of the, their offerings of new yams to the deities, vni. 115 ; natives of the, their lives bound up with those of certain animals, xi. 202 sq.t 204
Cross-road, trap for demon at, ix. 61 ; ague nailed down at, ix. 68 sq.
— — — -roads, in magical rites, ii. 340, iii. 59 ; burial at, v. 93 n.1, ix. 10 ; things used in purificatory rites de- posited at, vii. 9 ; sacrifices at, viii. 284 ; disease deposited at, ix. 6, 7 ; bodies of suicides burnt at, ix. 18 ; bodies of parricides to be thrown away at, ix. 24 ; fever deposited at, ix. 49 ; offerings at, ix. 140 ; ceremonies at, ix. 144, 159, 196, x. 24 ; beaten as a precaution against witches, ix.
161 ; witches at, ix. 162, x. 160 n.1 ; Midsummer fires lighted at, x. 172, 191 ; divination at, x. 229 ; bewitched things burnt at, x. 322
Crossbills in magic, i. 81 sq.
Crosses cut on stumps of felled trees, ii. 38 ; of rowan-tree used to protect cows from witches, ii. 53, ix. 267 ; chalked on doors as a protection against witchcraft, "• 54. 33L 335- 336, 339, ix. 160,
162 sq. , 165 ; made with tar on cattle to protect them against evil spirits, ii. 342 ; painted with tar as charms against ghosts and vam pyres, ix. 153 n.1 ; white, made by the King of the Bean, ix. 314, 315 n. ; chalked up on Twelfth Night, ix. 331 ; chalked up to protect houses and cattle-stalls against witches, x. 160 n.1, xi. 74. See also Cross
Crossing of legs forbidden, iii. 295, 298 sq.
Crow asked to give a new tooth, i. 181 ; soul in form of, iii. 42 n. ; head of, eaten to prolong life, viii. 143 ; trans- migration of sinner into, viii. 299 ; as scapegoat, ix. 193. See also Crows , hooded, sacrifice to, x. 152
Crow Song, the Greek, viii. 322 n.
Crowdie, a dish of milk and meal, x. 23?
Crown, Ariadne's, n. 138
of corn-ears, vii. 163, 221, 283 ;
worn by Demeter and Persephone, vii. 43 ; or garland of flowers in Mid- summer bonfire, x. 184, 185, 188, 192. See also Flowers
, imperial, as palladium, iii. 4
of laurel, ii. 175, 175 n.lt iv. 78,
80 sqq.
of oak leaves, ii. 175, 176 sq. , 184,
iv. 80 sqq.
of olive at Olympia, iv. 91
of Roses, festival of the, x. 195
, the Whitsuntide, ii. 89 sq. Set
also Crowns
Crown -wearer, priest of Hercules at Tarsus, v. 143
Crowning, festival of the, at Delphi, iv. 78 sqq.
Crowning cattle, ii. 75, 339, 341 ; as a protection against witchcraft, ii. 126 ^.. 339
dogs, custom of, i. 14, ii. 125 sq.t
127 sq.
Crowns, the royal, in ancient Egypt, i. 364 ; magical virtue of royal, i. 364 sq. ; of birch at Whitsuntide, ii. 64 ; or wreaths, custom of wearing, ii. 127 «.2; as amulets, vi. 242 sq. ; laid aside in mourning, etc., vi. 243 n.2 ; of figs worn at sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 «.8; of maize, ix. 280. See also Crown
of Egypt, the White and the Red,
vi. 21 n. 1
Crows in rnagic, i. 83 ; hearts of, eaten by diviners, viii. 143. See also Crow
Cruachan, the palace of the ancient kings of Con naught, iii. 12; pagan cemetery at, iv. 101 ; the fair of, iv. 101 ; in Connaught, the cave of, x. 226 ; the herdsman or king of, Argyleshire story of, xi. 127 sqq.
Crucifixion of Christ, ix. 412 sqq. ; cross- bills at the, i. 82 ; tradition as to the date of, v. 306 sqq.
of human victims at Benin, v. 294
«.8 ; gentile, at the spring equinox, v. 307 n.
Crux ansata, the Egyptian symbol of life, ii. 133, vi. 89
"Crying the Mare" at harvest in Hert- fordshire, vii. 292 sq. ; in Shropshire, vii. 293
" the neck," at harvest, vii. 264 sqq.
Cryptocerus atratus, F. , stinging ants, used in ordeal by the Mauhes, x. 62
Crystals, magic of, i. 176 sq. ; used in rain-making, i. 254, 255, 304, 345, 346 ; used in divination, iii. 56 ; super stitions as to, iv. 64 n.9
GENERAL INDEX
233
Ctesias, on the Sacaea, ix. 402 n.1
Cubit, the standard, kept in the temple of Serapis, vi. 217
Cublay-Khan, ii. 306
Cuissard, Ch., on Midsummer fires, x. 182 sq.
Cultivation of staple food in the hands of women (Pelew Islands), vi. 206 sq. \ shifting, vii. 99. See Agriculture
Cumae, the Sibyl at, x. 99
Cumanus, inquisitor, xi. 158
Cumberland, Midsummer fires in, x. 197
Cumberland inlet, the Esquimaux of, hi. 108
Cummin, curses at sowing, i. 281
Cumont, Professor Franz, on the Saturn- alia of the Roman soldiers, iv. 310 ; on the taurobohum, v. 275 n.1 ; on the Nativity of the Sun, v. 303 n 3 ; as to the parallel between Easter and the rites of Attis, v. 310 n.1 ; on the mar- tyrdom of St. Dasius, ix. 308 sq. ; on a form of abjuration imposed on Jewish converts, ix. 393 n.1
"Cup of offering," viii. 184
— — , sacred golden, i. 365
Cup-and-ball as a charm to hasten the return of the sun, i. 317
Cupid and Psyche, story of, iv. 131
Cups, special, used by girls at puberty,
*• 5°' 53 Cura, sacred grove of the Wotyaks at, ii.
145
Curative powers ascribed to persons born feet foremost, x. 295
Curcho, old Prussian god, viii. 133, 174 n.
Cures based on principles of homoeopathic magic, i. 78 sqq. ; effected by recalling the soul, iii. 42 sqq. ; by means of knotted cords and threads, iii. y>"$sqq. ; by swinging, iv. 280^., 282; by trans- ferring the malady to things, animals, or persons, ix. 2 sqq. ; by the expulsion of demons, ix. 109 sqq. ; popular, pre- scribed by Marcellus of Bordeaux, x. 17
Curetes, their war-dance, vii. 13
Curland, Midsummer festival in, iv. 280
Curr, E. M., on the superstition as to personal names among the Australian aborigines, iii. 320 sq.
Curses, public, i. 45 ; supposed bene- ficial effects of, i. 279 sqq. ; uttered by Bouzygai, vii. 108
Cursing at Athens, ritual of, iii. 75
• an enemy, Arab mode of, iii. 312
fishermen and hunters for good luck,
i. 280 sq.
' a mist in Switzerland, x. 280
at sowing, i. 281
Curtains to conceal kings, iii. 120 sq.
Curtiss, Professor S. I., on the head of the Babites, i. 402
VOL. xn
Curtius, Quintus, on Alexander the Great's cresset, ii. 264 «.7
Curumbars, a tribe of the Neilgherry Hills, viii. 55
discuses, souls of dead in, viii. 296, 298
Cushing, Frank H., on the killing of sacred turtles among the Zuni, viii. 175 sqq.
Custom more constant than myth, viii. 40
Customs of the Pelew Islanders, vi. 253 sqq. , 266 sqq.
Cut hair and nails, disposal of, iii. 267 sqq.
Cuthar, father of Adonis, v. 13 n*
Cuts made in the body as a mode of ex- pelling demons or ghosts, iii. 106 sq. ; in bodies of manslayers, iii. 174, 176, 180 ; in bodies of slain, iii. 176. See also Incisions, Scarification
Cutting or lacerating the body in honour of the dead, iv. 92 sq. , 97
the hair a purificatory ceremony, iii.
283 sqq. See also Hair
Cutting weapons planted in ground to repel the demon of smallpox, ix. 122
Cuttings for the dead, v. 268
Cuttle-fish presented to Greek infants, i. 156 ; expiation for killing a, iv. 217
"Cuzco, the temple of the Sun at, ii. 243, vii. 310 ; its scenery, ix. 128 sq. ; cere- mony of the new fire in, x. 132
Cyaxares, king of theMedes,v. 133 «., 174
Cybele, her image carted about at Autun, ii. 144 ; the image of, v. 35 «.3 ; her cymbals and tambourines, v. 54 ; her lions and turreted crown, v. 137 ; priests of, called Attis, v. 140 ; the Mother of the Gods, v. 263 ; her love for Attis, v. 263, 282 ; her worship adopted by the Romans, v. 265 ; sacri- fice of virility to image of, v. 268 ; subterranean chambers of, v. 268 ; orgiastic rites of, v. 278 ; a goddess of fertility, v. 279 ; worshipped in Gaul, v. 279 ; fasts observed by the worshippers of, v. 280 ; a friend of Marsyas, v. 288 ; effeminate priests of, vi. 257, 258
and Attis, i. 18, 21, 40, 41, v. 280,
ix. 386
Cybistra in Cappadocia, v. 120, 122, 124
Cychreus, king of Salamis, bequeaths his kingdom to Telamon, ii. 278 «.2 ; changed at death into a serpent, iv. 87
Cycle, the octennial, based on an attempt to reconcile solar and lunar time, iv. 68 sq. , vii. 80 sq. \ apparently the period of certain kings' reigns in ancient Greece, iv. 70 sq. ; octennial festivals connected with the, iv. 87 sqq. ; Olym- piads originally based on the, iv. 89 sq., vii. 80; antiquity of the octennial cycle in Greece, vii. 81 sq. ; the cycle
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
based on religious rather than practical
considerations, vii. 82 sq, Cycle of thirty years (Druidical), xi. 77 Cycles of sixty years (Boeotian, Indian,
and Tibetan), xi. 77 n.1 Cyclopes, slaughter of the, iv. 78 ».4 Cymbal, drinking out of a, v. 274 Cymbals in religious music, v. 52, 54
and tambourines in worship of
Cybele, v. 54
Cyme, titular kings at, i. 46 ».4
Cynaetha, in Arcadia, people of, massacre committed by the, lii. 188; winter festival of Dionysus at, vii. 16 sq.
Cynopolis, the cemetery of, vi. 90
Cypresses, sacred, in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Cos, ii. 10 ; in the sanctuary of Aesculapius at Titane, v. 81
Cypriote syllabary, v. 49 «.7
Cyprus, grave of Aphrodite in, iv. 4 ; Salamis in, iv. 166 n.1 ; natural riches of, v. 31 ; Phoenicians in v. 31 'sq. ; Adonis in, v. 31 sqq. sacred prostitution in, v. 36, 50, 59 Melcarth worshipped in, v. 117 human sacrifices in, v. 145 sq. ; the bearded Venus in, vi. 259 «.8; wild boars annually sacrificed in, viii. 23 n.3
Cyrene, kingship at, i. 47 ; the people of, their sacrifice to Saturn (Cronus), ix. 253 ».«
Cyril of Alexandria on the festival of Adonis at Alexandria, v. 224 «.2
Cyrus and Croesus, v. 174 sqq. , ix. 391
Cythnos, Greek island, sickly children pushed through a hole in a rock in, xi. 189
Cytisorus, son of Phrixus, iv. 162
Cyzicus, council chamber at, built with- out iron, iii. 230 ; worship of the Placianian Mother at, v. 274 ». ; bull- shaped image of Dionysus at, vii. 16 ; vicarious sacrifice at, viii. 95 «.a
Czech maidens, love charm practised by, on St. George's Eve, ii. 345 sq,
— saying as to the dying, iii. 33 «.8
villages of Bohemia, the Shrove- tide Bear in the, viii. 326 ; the Three Kings of Twelfth Night in, ix. 330^.
Czechs of Bohemia, the Carrying out of Death among the, iv. 221 ; the Corn- mother among the, vii. 132 sq. ; cull simples at Midsummer, xi. 49
Dabelow, in Mecklenburg, precaution against witches on Walpurgis Night at, ix. 163 n.1
Da9»ratha festival in India, iv. 124
Dacia, hot springs in, v. 213
Dacotas or Sioux, the, their fear of having their pictures taken, iii. 96 ; custom
observed by manslayers among, iii. 181;
avoidance of wife's mother among, iii.
338 ; their belief as to stepping over
animals, iii. 423 ; their theory of the
waning moon, vi. 130 ; ate the livers
of dogs to make them brave, viii. 145 ;
their belief in the resurrection of dogs,
viii. 256 sq. ; ritual of death and resur- rection among, xi. 268 sq. Dad pillar. See Ded pillar Daedala, Boeotian festival of the Great,
ii. 140 sq. , xi. 77 n.1 Daedalus, the artist, made a dance for
Ariadne, iv. 71 ; made a hollow cow
for Pasiphae, iv. 71
Dag, an early king of the Shilluk, iv. 28 Dageon, fire kept up during king's life in,
ii. 261 sq. Dagobert, King, privilege granted by him
to St. Romulus or St. Ouen, ii. 165 Dah River, in Ashantee, royal criminals
drowned in, iii. 243 ; annual ablutions
in the, viii. 63 Dahomans, their annual festival of the
dead, vi. 66 Dahomey, human wives of gods in, ii. 149;
royal criminals drowned or strangled
in, iii. 243 ; indifference to death in,
iv. 138; religious massacres in, iv. 138;
the Amazons of, viii. 149 , the king of, iii. 374 ; human
victims drowned by, ii. 158 ; not
allowed to behold the sea, iii. 9 ; not
to be seen eating, iii. 118 , kings of, their true names kept
secret, iii. 374; their "strong names,"
iii. 374 ; represented partly in human,
partly in animal forms, iv. 85 ; their
human sacrifices, vi. 97 «.7 , Porto Novo in, annual expulsion
of demons at, ix. 205 , royal family of, iii. 243 ; related to
leopards, iv. 85 Dainyal, diviner or Sibyl, in the Hindoo
Koosh, i. 383 Daira or Mahadev Mohammedans in
Mysore, mock rite of circumcision
among the, iv. 220 Dam, the, or Mikado of Japan, iii. 2, 4.
See Mikado
Dairies, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15 sqq. Dairy, mistletoe used to make the dairy
thrive, xi. 86 Dairyman, sacred, of the Todas, iii. 15
sqq. ; his custom as to the pollution of
death, vi. 228 ; bound to live apart
from his wife, vi. 229 Daizan, king of Atrae, his treacherous
daughter, x. 83 Dajang, Miss, a personification of the
rice among the Battas, vii. 196 Dalai Lama of Lhasa, regarded as a
GENERAL INDEX
235
living god, i. 411 sq. \ his palace, i.
412
Dalarne, the Yule-ram in, viii. 328 Dalecarlia, observances at turning out the
cattle to the summer pastures in, ii.
342 Dalhousie Castle, the Edgewell Tree at,
xi. 166 Dalisandos in Isauria, inscriptions at, vi.
213 n.1 Dallet, Ch. , on the Corean objection to
put the face of the king on coins, iii.
99
Dalmatia, rain-making in, i. 274 ; belief as to the souls of trees in, ii. 14 ; the Yule log in, x. 263
Dalsland, in Sweden, observances at turning out the cattle to graze in the forest in, ii. 341 sq.
Dalton, Colonel E. T. , on mock human sacrifices among the Bhagats, iv. 217 sq. ; on the fear of demons among the Oraons, ix. 92 sq. ; on the annual ex- pulsion of demons among the Hos of North- East India, ix. 136 sq.
Dalyell, J. G., on Beltane, x. 149 n.1
Dama, exorcism of demons of sickness in the island of, viii. 101 sq.
Damara hunters, ceremony observed by, iii. 220
Damaras or Herero, their fire-customs, ii. 211 sqq. ; their ceremony on return from a journey, iii. 112; their mode of killing their cattle, iii. 247. See also Herero
Damascus, Aramean kings of, v. 15
Damasen, a giant, in a Lydian story, slays a serpent, v. 186
Damatrius, a Greek month, vi. 49 n.1, vii. 46
Damba, island in Lake Victoria Nyanza, crocodiles sacred in, viii. 213
Damia and Auxesia, female powers of fertility at Troezen, i. 39
Dams, continence at making or repair- ing, iii. 202 ; in Egypt, the cutting of the, vi. 31 sq., 37^-, 39 SV-
Damun, in German New Guinea, cere- mony of initiation at, xi. 193
Danae, the story of, her impregnation by Zeus, x. 73 sq.
Danakils or Afars of East Africa, their belief as to the rebirth of souls of magicians, iv. 200
Danaus and the suitors of his daughters, ii. 301
Dance at giving of oracles, i. 379 ; executed as tribute by a human god, i. 394 ; of milkmaids on May-day, ii. 52 ; to propitiate souls of slain foes, iii. 1 66 ; of women on return of war- riors, iii. 170 ; at driving ghost into
grave, iii. 373, 374 ; of youths and maidens at Cnossus, iv. 75 sq. ; of eunuchs in Corea, v. 270 «.2; of eunuchs at new moon, on the Congo, v. 271 n. ; of hermaphrodites in Pegu, v. 271 n.'t at harvest supper, vii. *34« r3S» I4S ! °f harvesters with or round the last sheaf, vii. 135, 141, 145, 160, 219, 220, 294, 297; of masked men before sowing, vii. 186 ; of Dyaks to secure soul of rice, vii. 188 sq. ; of old women as representatives of the corn-goddess, vii. 205 ; Pawnee, before human sacrifice, vii. 238 ; round skulls of human victims, vii. 241, 242 ; round oak and goat-skin at harvest, vii. 288 ; of executioners, viii. 63 ; of Zulu king, viii. 66, 68, 68 n.3 ; of Pondo chief at festival of new fruits, viii. 67 ; before the king at ceremony of first-fruits, viii. 70 sq. ; of medicine-man, viii. 72 ; at harvest festival of Indians of Ala- bama, viii. 72 «.2 ; of warriors at festival of first-fruits, viii. 74 sq. , 79 ; of men and women, by torch- light, at festival of first-fruits, viii. 79 ; of Dacota warriors, viii. 145 ; of Caffre girls after mock funeral of cater- pillars, viii. 280 ; at the burial of the wren, viii. 319 ; on Twelfth Day, viii. 321 ; of mummers at Carnival, viii. 333, 334 ; of mummer wearing a horse- headed mask, viii. 338 ; at cairns, ix 29 ; to ensure a supply of buffaloes, ix. 171 ; to cause the grass to grow, ix. 238 . by men carrying a box and axes at Sipi in Northern India, x. 12 ; of young women at puberty, xi. 183; in the grave at initiation, xi. 237 ; in honour of the big or grey wolf, xi 276 n.2. See also Dances " Dance, the Angel," viii. 328
, Ariadne's, iv. 77
, the Green Corn, viii. 76
of King, iii. 123 ; before the ghosts
of his ancestor, vi. 192
, the rattle-snake, to ensure immunity
from snake-bites, i. 358
, sacred, at the Sed festival, vi. 154
Dancers personate spirits, ix. 375 Dances, for rain, i. 250, 255, 268, 273, 274, 284, 284 «., iii. 154, iv. 32, 62, ix. 236 sq.t 238; for wind, i. 321 ; as means of inspira- tion, i. 408 n.1 ; round sacred trees, *'• 47« 55 • at harvest, ii. 48 ; round the May-pole, ii. 65, 67, 69, 74 sq. ; round bonfires on the Eve of St. John (Midsummer Eve), ii. 65 ; performed by parents of twins to fertilize gardens, ii. 1 02 ; for a good harvest, ii. 106 ; on graves, ii. 183 «.a ; round an oak,
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
ii. 371 ; of manslayers, iii. 168 ; o victory, iii. 169, 170, 178, 182 ; ai sowing, vii. 95, ix. 234 sqq. \ at human sacrifices, vii. 246, 247 ; at the reappearance of the Pleiades, vii. 307 309, 311, 312, 317; in imitation o. totemic animals, vni. 76 ; and pro- cessions in connexion with offerings of first-fruits, viii. in, 113, 115, 116, 126, 131, 134 ; of men personi- fying deities, viii. 179 ; round dead tigers, viii. 216 ; of the Koryak at the slaughter of bears or wolves, viii. 223 ; in honour of slain leopards, viii. 228 ; to amuse the souls of dead sea-beasts, viii. 248 ; of the Karoks for salmon, viii- 255 ; to make the crops thrive, viii. 326, 328, 330 sq , ix. 232 sqq. , 347 ; of mummers on Plough Monday, viii. 329 sqq. \ at cairns, ix. 26, 29 ; Etruscan, in time of plague at Rome, ix. 65 ; at harvest, ix. 134 ; at the expulsion of demons, ix. 139 ; of the witches, ix. 162 ; with burning besoms on fields to drive away witches, ix. 163 ; of women at expulsion of demons, ix. 200 ; of the Salii, ix. 232, 233 ; of the Tara- humare Indians of Mexico, ix. 236 sqq. ; taught by animals, ix. 237 ; solemn Mexican, ix. 279, 285 ; of Castilian peasants in May, ix. 280 ; to make hemp grow tall, ix. 315 ; round bon- fires on the Eve of Twelfth Night, ix- 3*7 5 in churches at the Fes- tival of Fools, ix. 335, 336 ; accom- panying the Boy Bishop, ix. 338 ; as dramatic performances of myths, ix. 375 -W- 1 bestowed on men by spirits, ix« 375 I in imitation of animals, ix. 376, 377. 381, 382 ; of fasting men and women at festival, x. 8 sq. ; of Duk-duk society, x. 11 ; of girls at puberty, x. 28, 29, 30, 37, 42, 50, 58, 59 ; round bonfires, x. 108, 109, no, in, 114, n6, 120, 131, 142, 145, 148, 153 sq., 159, 166, 172, 173. 175. 178, 182, 183, 185, 187, 188, 189, 191, 193, 194, xg^ I98, 246, xi. 2, 39 ; of novices at initiation, xi. 258, 259. See also Dance Dances, masked, of the Kayans at the festival of sowing, vii. 95 sq., in, 1 86 ; of the Kaua and Kobeua Indians of Brazil, vii. m sq. ; of the Cham- bioa Indians of Brazil, viii. 208 a.1; at carnival, viii. 333, 334 ; in ritual, of Demeter and Persephone, v"i. 339J of devil -dancers, ix. 38; to promote fertility, ix. 236 ; of savages, ix. 374 sqq. \ supposed to be derived from guardian spirits, i*- 375 s$4' \ to ensure good crops,
ix. 382; bull -roarers used at, xi. 230 n.
Dances, Mexican, viii. 88 ; solemn, ix.28o, 284, 286, 287, 288, 289 ; of salt- makers, ix. 284
, religious, of dancing girls in India,
v. 6 1, 65 ; of inspired novices on the Slave Coast, v. 68 ; at festivals of the dead, vi. 52, 53, 55, 58, 59 ; at the new moon, vi. 142
of Shrovetide Bear, viii. 325 sq.
of women while men are away fight- ing, i. 131-134 ; at bear- festival, viii. 185, 186 sq., 191, 195; at catching a crocodile, viii. 211 ; at slaughter of whales, viii. 232 sq.
Dancing as a fertility charm, i. 137 sqq., ii. 106 ; for salmon, viii. 255 ; to obtain the favour of the gods, ix. 65, 236; with the fairies at .Hallowe'en, x. 227
-girls in India, harlots and wives of
the gods, v. 6 1 sqq. Dandaki, King, and the ascetic, story of,
ix. 41 sq. Dandelions gathered at Midsummer, xi.
49 Danes, female descent of the kingship
among the, ii. 282 sq. Danger of being overshadowed by certain birds or people, iii. 82 sq. \ supposed, of portraits and photographs, ni. 96 sqq. ; supposed to attend contact with divine or sacred persons, such as chiefs and kings, iii. 132 sqq., 138 ; appre- hended from women in childbed, iii. 150 sqq. ; thought to attend women at menstruation, x. 94 ; apprehended from the sexucil relation, xi. 277 sq. Danger Island, snares set for souls by sorcerers in, iii. 69 ; the Pleiades worshipped in, vii. 312 Danh-gbi, python -god, on the Slave
Coast, v. 66
Danish magic of footprints, i. 211 — story of a girl who was forbidden to see the sun, x. 70 sqq. ; of the external soul, xi. 120 sqq. Danserosse or danseresse, a stone in the wood of St. Antony near Epinal, x. no Danube, worship of Grannus on the, x.
112
Danzig, disposal of cut hair at, iii. 276
sq. ; the siege of, iii. 279 «.4 ; the last
sheaf at harvest at, vii. 133, 218 sq. ;
the immortal lady of, x. 100
Daphne gnidium. gathered at Midsummer,
xi. 51 Daphnephoria, Greek festival, ii. 63 «.8.
See Laurel-bearing
Daphnis and the magic knots, in Virgil iii. 305
GENERAL INDEX
237
Daphnis, play by Sositheus, vii. 217 Dapper, O. , on ritual of death and resur-
rection at initiation in the Belli-Paaro
society, xi. 257 sqq. Daramulun, a mythical being who insti-
tuted and superintends the initiation of
lads in Australia, xi. 228, 233, 237 ;
his voice heard in the sound of the bull-
roarer, xi. 228. See also Thrumalun
and Thuremlin " Darding Knife," pretence of death and
resurrection at initiation to the, xi. 274
sq. Dardistan, custom of swinging in, iv.
279 Dards, their belief that a storm follows
the troubling of a spring, i. 301 Darfur, power of extinguishing fire
ascribed to chaste women in, ii. 240 w.3 ;
tampering with a man's shadow in, iii.
8 1 ; the sultan of, veils his face, iii.
1 20 ; etiquette at the court of the
sultans of, iv. 39 ; the people of,
believe the liver to be the seat of the
soul, viii. 147 sq. Dargle Vale, Whitsuntide custom at, ii.
103 «.3 Darien, the Indians of, concealment of
personal names among, iii. 325 Darius, King, would not pass through a
gate over which was a tomb, iii. 257 "Dark "moon and "light "moon, ix.
140, 141 «.1 Darling River, funeral custom of tribes
on the, i. 90 ; custom as to extracted
teeth among the tribes of the, i. 176 ;
the Karamundi nation on the, i. 257 ;
tributaries of the, iv. 180; the Ualaroi
of the, xi. 233 Darma Rajah, Hindoo god, fire-festival
in honour of, xi. 6 Darmesteter, James, on the Fravashis,
vi. 67 ».2; his theory as to the date
of the Gathas, vi. 84 n. Darowen, in Wales, Midsummer fires at,