X. 2IO

Acorns as an attribute of Artemis, i. 38 n.l\ shamans responsible for crop of edible, i. 358 ; found in the lake- dwellings of Europe, ii. 353 ; as food, "• 353» 355 SQ' • as fodder for swine, »• 354. 356
Acosta, J. de, early Spanish historian of Peru and Mexico, ix. 276 n.1 ; on the Peruvian Mother of the Maize, vii. 171 sq. \ on the sacramental eating of bread among the ancient Mexicans, viii. 86 sqq. ; on the annual expulsion of evils in Peru, ix. 131 n. ; on Aztec custom of sacrificing human representatives of the gods, ix. 275 sqq. ; on the sacrifice of the human representative of Quet- zalcoatl, ix. 281 sqq.
Acre, in Syria, residence of the head of the Babites, i. 402
Acropolis of Athens, the sacred serpent on the, iv. 86 sq. ; Sacred Ploughing at foot of the, vii. 108 n.4, 109 n.1 ; annual sacrifice of a goat on the, viii.
4i
Actium, games celebrated at, vii. 80, 85
Acts, tabooed, iii. 101 sqq.
Afvina, an Indian month, iv. 124
Adad, Syrian king, v. 15 ; Babylonian and Assyrian god of thunder and lightning, v. 163
Adad-Nirari, king of Assyria, ix. 370 n.1
Adair, James, on the self- inflicted mortifications of the Creek Indians m war, iii. 161 sqq. ; on the refusal of American Indians to taste blood, iii. 240 ; on Indian belief in homoeopathic magic of animal flesh, viii. 139 ; ou American Indian custom of cutting out the sinew of the thigh of deer, viii. 264 ; his discovery of the Ten Lost Tribes in America, viii. 264 «.4
Adaklu, Mount, in West Africa, evils sent away to, ix. 135 sq., 206 sq.
Adam, man in Lent called, ix. 214
and Eve, suggested explanation of
their aprons of fig-leaves, ix. 259 «.*
of Bremen, on the thunder -god
Thor, ii. 364
Adams, J., on divinity of king of Benin, i. 396
Adana in Cilicia, v. 169 «.8
Adar, a Jewish month, vii. 259 n.1, ix. 361, 394, 397, 398, 415
Adder stones among the Celts, x. 15
Addison, Joseph, on the Italian opera, ii. 299 ; on the grotto dei cani at Naples, v. 205 n.1 ; on witchcraft in Switzerland, xi. 42 w.2
Adelaide tribe of South Australia, name- sakes of the dead change their names in the, iii. 355
Adeli, the, of the Slave Coast, their festival of new yams, viii. 116
Adhar, a Persian month, vi. 68
Adivi or forest Gollas of Southern India, seclusion of women at childbirth among the, iii. 149 sq.
Adom-melech or Uri-melech, king of Byblus, v. 14, 17
A don, a Semitic title, v. 6 sg. , 16 sq. , 20, 49 nJ
Adonai, title of Jehovah, v. 6 sq.
Adoni, "my lord," Semitic title, v. 7, names compounded with, v. 17
Adoni-bezek, king of Jerusalem, v. 17
Adoni-jah, elder brother of King Solo- mon, v. 51 «.2
Adom-zedek, king of Jerusalem, v. 17
Adonis at Byblus, i. 30 ; myth of, v. 3 sqq. ; Greek worship of, v. 6 ; in Greek mythology, v. 10 sqq. ; in Syria, v. 13 sqq. ; monuments of, v. 29 ; in Cyprus, v. 31 sqq.t 49 ; identified with Osiris, v. 32 ; mourning for, at Byblus, v. 38 ; said to be the fruit of incest, v. 43 ; his mother Myrrha, v. 43 ; son of Theias, v. 43 ».4, 55 «.4 ; the son of Cinyras, v. 49 ; the title of the sons of Phoenician kings in Cyprus, v. 49 ; his violent death, v. 55 ; music in the worship of, v. 55 ; sacred prostitution in the worship of, v. 57 ; inspired prophets in worship of, v. 76 ; human representatives of, perhaps burnt, v. no; doves burned in honour of, v. 147 ; personated by priestly kings, v. 223 ; the ritual of, v. 223 sqq. ; his death and resurrection represented in his rites, v. 224 sg.t ix. 398 ; festivals of, v. 224 sqq. ; flutes played in the laments for, v. 225 n.3 ; the ascension of, v. 225 ; images of, thrown into the sea or springs, v. 225, 227 «.8, 236 ; born from a myrrh-tree, v. 227, vi. no; bewailed by Argive women, v. 227 n. ;
150
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
analogy of his rites to Indian and European ceremonies, v. 227 ; his death and resurrection interpreted as representations of the decay and revival of vegetation, v. 227 sqq. ; interpreted as the sun, v. 228 ; interpreted by the ancients as the god of the reaped and sprouting corn, v. 229 ; as a corn- spirit, v. 230 sqq. ; hunger the root of the worship of, v. 231 ; perhaps originally a personification of wild vegetation, especially grass and trees, v. 233 ; the gardens of, v. 236 sqq. ; rain -charm in the rites of, v. 237; resemblance of his rites to the festival of Easter, v. 254 sqq. , 306 ; wor- shipped at Bethlehem, v. 257 sqq. ; and the planet Venus as the Morning Star, v. 258 sq. ; sometimes identified with Attis, v. 263 ; swine not eaten by worshippers of, v. 265 ; rites of, among the Greeks, v. 298 ; lamented by women at Byblus, vi. 23 ; and Linus, vii. 216, 258 ; at Alexandria, vii. 263, ix. 390 ; and the boar, viii. 22 sq. ; his marriage with Ishtar (Aphrodite), ix. 401. See also Tammuz
Adonis and Aphrodite, v. 1 1 sq. , 29, 280, xi. 294 sq. ; their marriage celebrated at Alexandria, v. 224 ; perhaps per- sonated by human couples, ix. 386
and Attis identified with Dionysus,
vi. 127 n.
, Attis, Osiris, their mythical simi- larity, v. 6, vi. 20 1
— and Osiris, similarity between their rites, vi. 127
or Tammuz, ii. 346 ; the summer
lamentations for, iv. 7
- and Venus (Aphrodite), i. 21, 25, 40, 41
, the river, its valley, v. 28 sqq. ;
annual discoloration of the, v. 30, 225
Adoption, pretence of birth at, i. 74 sq.
Adrammelech, burnt sacrifice of children to, iv. 171
Adultery of wife thought to spoil the luck of her absent husband, i. 123, 124 sq., 128 ; supposed to blight the fruits of the earth, ii. 107 sq. , 114
Aeacus, the son of Zeus by Aegina, ii. 378, 359 n.1 \ king of Aegina, the dis- persal of his descendants, ii. 278 ; ob- tains rain from his father Zeus, ii. 359
Aedepsus, hot springs of Hercules at, v. 2ii sq.
Aedesius, Sextilius Agesilaus, dedicates altar to Attis, v. 275 n.1
Aegina, daughter of Asopus and mother of Aeacus, ii. 359 ».8
— , island, Panhellenian Zeus wor- shipped on the peak of, ii. 359
Aegipan and Hermes, v. 157
Aegira in Achaia, inspired priestess of
F,arth at, i. 381 sq. Aegis, Athena and the, viii. 40, 41 Aegisthus, the murder of, i. 12 n. ; at Mycenae, his marriage with the widow of his predecessor, ii. 281
and Agamemnon, ix. 19
Aegosthena, annual kingship at, i. 46 Aelian, on impregnation of Judean maid by serpent, v. 81 ; on a Babylonian king Gilgamus, ix. 372 n. l Aelst, Peter van, painter, xi. 36 Aenach, Irish fair, iv. 100 w.1 Aeneas and the Golden Bough, i. n, ii. 379, xi. 285, 293 sq. ; his vision of the glories of Rome, ii. 178 ; his dis- appearance in a thunderstorm, ii. 181 ; worshipped after death as Jupiter Indiges, ii. 181 ; and the Game of Troy, iv. 76
and Dido, iii. 312, 313, v. 114 n.1
Aeolus, King of the Winds, i. 326 Aeschines, spurious epistles of, ii. 162 ».2 Aeschylus, on Typhon, v. 156 Aesculapius brings Hippolytus or Virbius to life, i. 20, iv. 214 ; horses dedicated by Hippolytus to, i. 21 n.2, viii. 41 n.6\ at Cos, ii. 10 ; in relation to serpents, v. 80 sq. ; reputed father of Aratus, v. 80 sq. ; his shrines at Sicyon and Titane, v. 81 ; his dispute with Her- cules, v. 209 sq. ; said to have raised Hippolytus from the dead, viii. 41 «.8; at Pergamus, viii. 85 ; at Epidaurus, ix. 47
Aeson and Medea, v. 181 n.1, viii. 143 Aetna, Latin poem, v. 221 n.4 Aetolians, the, shod only on one foot,
iii. 311
Afars. See Danakils Afghanistan, ceremony at the reception
of strangers in, iii. 108 Africa, treatment of the navel - string and afterbirth in, i. 195 sq. ; rise of magicians, especially rain-makers, to chieftainship and kingship in, i. 342 sqq. , 352 ; human gods in, i. 392 sqq. ; belief in, that sexual crimes disturb the course of nature, ii. in sq. ; the diffusion of round huts in, ii. 227 n.8 ; corpulence as a beauty in, ii. 297 ; rules of life or taboos observed by kings in, iii. 5 sq. , 8 sqq. ; detention of souls by sorcerers in, iii. 70 sq. ; fear of being photographed in, iii. 97 sq. ; cleanliness from superstitious motives in, iii. 158 n.1 ; smith's craft regarded as uncanny in, iii. 236 n.6 ; reluctance of people to tell their own names in, iii. 329 sq. ; the Bogos of, iii. 337 ; names of animals and things tabooed
GENERAL INDEX
in, iii. 400 sq.\ belief as to trans- migration of the dead into serpents in, iv. 84 ; succession to the soul in, iv. 200 sq. ; serpents as reincarnations of the dead in, v. 82 sqq. ; infant burial in, v. 91 sq. ; reincarnation of the dead in, v. 91 sq. ; annual festivals of the dead in, vi. 66 ; worship of dead kings and chiefs in, vi. 160 sqq. ; supreme gods in, vi. 165, 173 sq.% 174, 186, Vvith n.6, 187 n.1, 188 sq. , 190; worship of ancestral spirits among the Bantu tribes of, vi. 174 sqq. ; inheritance of the kingship under mother-kin in, vi. 211 ; cat's cradle in, vii. 103 n.1 ; woman's share in agriculture among the tribes of, vii. 113^^.; observation of the Pleiades by agricultural tribes in, vii. 315 sqq.\ sacrifice of first-fruits in, viii. 109 sqq. ; belief as to the homoeopathic magic of a flesh diet in, viii. 140 sqq. ; crocodiles respected in, viii. 213 sq. ; sickness transferred to animals in, ix. 31 sq. ; girls secluded at puberty in, x. 22 sqq. ; dread and seclusion of women at menstruation in, x. 79 sqq. ; birth-trees in, xi. 160 sqq. ; use of bull-roarers in, xi. 229 n.% 232
Africa, British Central, the tribes of, their custom of carrying about fire, ii. 259 ; the Yaos of, in. 97 sq. , viii. in ; customs observed after a death in, iii. 286 ; the Angoni. of, iv. 156 n.2, viii. 149 ; the Nyanja-speaking tribes of, viii. 26 ; crops guarded against baboons and wild pigs in, viii. 32 ; flesh and hearts of lions eaten to make eaters brave in, viii. 142 ; parts of brave enemies eaten to make the eaters brave in, viii. 149 ; theAnyanja of, x. 81
, British East, the Akikuyu (Kikuyu)
of, ii. 44, iii. 175, 214, vii. 317, ix. 32, x. 81, xi. 262 sq. ; the Nandi of, ii. 112, iii. 141, 175, 423, vii. 117, 317, viii. 64, xi. 229 n. ; the Ketosh of, iii. 176 ; the En-jemusiof, vii. 118 ; the Suk of, vii. 118, viii. 84, 142, x. 81; observation of the Pleiades by tribes in, vii. 317 ; the Akamba of, viii. 113, ix. 122 n. ; ceremony of new fire in, x. 135 sq.
— Central, the Banyoro of, i. 348 ; the Lendu of, i. 348 ; the Basoga of, fi. 19, 112; the Bagandaof, ii. 246, 269, iii. 78, vii. 118 ; the pygmies of,
ii. 255, iii. 282 ; the Monbuttu of, ii. 297, iii. 118, vii. 119; reception of
strangers in, iii. 108 ; the Latuka of, iii. 245, 284 ; the Madi or Mom tribe of, iii. 277, viii. 314, ix. 217 ; theWahoko of, iii. 278 ; the Wanyoro (Banyoro)
of, iii. 278 ; the Fors of, iii. 281 ; Unyoro in, iii. 291 sq., iv. 34; the Akamba of, iii. 353 ; the Nandi of, i"- 353 I tne Bahima of, iii. 375, viii. 288, ix. 32 ; the Niam-Niam of, vii. 119 ; the Wanyamwesi of, viii. 227
Africa, East, the Wambugwe of, i. 290, 342, iv. 65 ; the Wataturu of, i. 342 sq. , viii. 84; the Wanika of, ii. 12, iii. 247 ; the Tanga coast of, ii. 34 ; the Wakamba of, ii. 46 ; the Wabondei of, ii. 47, iii. 272, viii. 142 ; the Masai of, ii. 210 ; the Winam- wanga of, ii. 256 n.1 ; the Wiwa of, ii. 256 n.1 ; the Jaggas of, ii. 259 ; the Bogos of, ii. 267 «.4 ; avoidance of parents - in - law in, in. 85 ; the Wa - teita of, iii. 98 ; custom of elephant - hunters in, iii. 107 ; the Nubas of, in. 132 ; the Bageshu of, iii. 174 ; the Akamba of, iii. 204 ; the Akikuyu of, iii. 204 ; the Warundi of, iii. 225 n. ; the Wajagga of, iii. 286, 290 ; the Barea of, iii. 337 ; the Masai of, iii. 354 ; the Waziguas of, iii. 400 ; infanticide in, iv. 196 ; the Danakils or Afars of, iv. 200 ; the Arabs of, viii. 164 ; propitiation of dead lions in, viii. 228 ; ceremony of the new fire in, x. 135 ; the Swahili of, xi. 1 60
, German East, viii. 142 ; the
Wagogo of, i. 343, iii. 186 n.1, viii. 26, 149, 276, ix. 6 ; the Wahehe of, iii. 86 n. , viii. 26 ; the Wageia of, iii. 177 ; continence of hunters in, iii. 196 sq. \ the Wadowe of, vii. 118 ; the Wahera of, viii. 26 ; the Wajagga of, viii. 276, xi. 1 60 ; the Washamba of, ix. 29, xi. 183; the Bondeis of, xi. 263 ; the Wadoe of, xi. 312
, German South-West, the Ovambo
of, xi. 183
, North, magical images in, t. 65 sq. \
contagious magic of footprints in, i. 210 ; the Arabs of, i. 277 ; artificial fertilization of fig-trees in, ii. 314 ; charms to render bridegrooms impotent in, iii. 300 sq. ; festivals of swinging in, iv. 284; custom of bathing at Mid- summer among the Mohammedan peoples of, v. 249 ; cairns in, ix. 21 ; Mohammedan reverence for living saints in, ix. 22 ; popular cure for toothache in, ix. 62 ; tribes of, their expulsion of demons, ix. no sq. \ Mid- summer fires in, x. 213 sqq.
, South, use of rat's hair as a charm
in, i. 151 ; the Herero of, i. 209 ; stopping rain by means of a rabbit in, i. 295 ; the Bechuanas of, i. 313 ; way of retarding the sun in, i. 318 ; the
THE GOLDEN BOUGH
Caffres of, i. 321, iii. 87 ; frightening away a storm in, i. 327 ; the Chevas of, i. 331 «.a; the Tumbucas of, i. 331 «.•*; chiefs as rain-makers in, i. 35° S99" J tne Mashona of, i. 393 ; the Maraves of, ii. 31, ix. 19 ; the Ovambo of, ii. 264, iii. 176 ; the Ba- Pedi of, iii. 141, 148, 163, 202 ; the Ba-Thonga of, iii. 141, 148, 163, 202 ; Bantu tribes of, iii. 152, vin. in, ix. 77 sq. \ seclusion and purifi- cation of manslayers in, iii. 174 sq. ; disposal of cut hair and nails in, iii. 278 ; magic use of spittle in, iii. 288 ; the Makalaka of, iii. 369 ; belief as to stepping over persons or things among the tribes of, iii. 423 ; the Baronga of, iv. 6 1 ; crops devastated by wild pigs in, viii. 32 ; the Matabele of, viii. 70 ; Caffre remedy for caterpillars in, viii. 280 ; heaps of sticks or. stones to which passers-by add, in, ix. n ; dread of demons in, ix. 77 sq. ; sacrificial fire in, ix, 391 «,4; the Thonga of, xi. 297
Africa, South- East, the Hlubies and Swazies of, i. 249 ; the Baronga of, i. 267 ; many tribes of, will not cut down timber while the coin is green, ii. 49; the Bantu tribes of, ii. 210, the Barotse of, iii. 107 ; custom of infanticide in some tribes of, iv. 183 ; flesh of lions and leopards eaten by warriors in, viii. 142 ; rites of initia- tion in, viii. 148 ; inoculation of warriors in, viii. 159 ; hunters cut out right eye of game in, viii. 268 ; prayers at cairns in, ix. 29
— , South- West, theHerero of, i. 211 ;
the Ovambo of, iii. 227, viii. 109
— , West, rain-making in, i. 249 sq. ; magical functions of chiefs in, i. 349 sq. ; the Banjars of, i. 353 ; the Yor- ubas of, i. 364, iv. 41, viii. 98 ; rever- ence for silk-cotton trees in, ii. 14 sq. ; kings forced to accept office in, iii. 17 sq. ; fetish kings in, iii. 22 sqq.\ traps set for souls by wizards in, iii. 70 sq. ; the Bavili of, iii. 78 ; puri- fication after a journey in, iii. 112; custom as to blood shed on ground in, iii. 245, 246 ; hair, nails, and teeth as rain-charms in, iii. 271 ; shorn hair burnt or buried for fear of witchcraft in, iii. 281 ; the Kru negroes of, iii. 322 sq. \ Human Leopard Societies of, iv. 83 ; human sacrifices at king's funeral in, iv. 117 ; stories of the type of Beauty and the Beast in, iv. 128 sq.% 130 n.1 \ sacrificial blood smeared on doorways in, iv. 176 «.1; sacred men and women in, v. 65 sqq. ; human sacrifices in, vi. 99 w.2 ; human sacri-
fices for the crops in, vii. 239 ; the Kimbunda of, viii. 152 ; the Beku of, viii. 163 ; propitiation of dead leopards in, viii. 228 sqq. ; bones of sacrificial victims not broken in, viii. 258 n.'2 ; belief in demons among the negroes of, ix. 74 sqq. \ dances at sowing in, ix. 234 ; theory of an external soul embodied in an animal prevalent in, xi. 200 sqq.\ ritual of death and resurrection at initiation in, xi. 251 sqq.
African stories of the external soul, xi. 148 sqq.\ Balders, xi. 312 sqq.
hunters, ceremonies of purification
observed by, iii. 220 sq.
kings forbidden to see their mothers,
iii. 86 ; thought to render themselves immortal by their sorceries, iv. 9
tribes, household fires extinguished
after a death in, ii. 267 «.4; descent of property and power to sister's chil- dren among, ii. 285 ; combination of the elective with the hereditary prin- ciple in regulating the descent of king- ships or chiefships among, ii. 292 sqq. \ believe that their dead kings turn into lions, leopards, pythons, etc., iv. 84
Afterbirth (placenta), portion of a man's spirit supposed to reside in his, i. 100; contagious magic of, i. 182-201 ; part of child's spirit in, i. 184 , buried under a tree, i. 186, 187, 188, 194, 195, xi. i6ojv?., 162, 163, 164, 165, hung on a tree, i. 186, 187, 189, 190, 191, 194, 198, 199; thrown into the sea, i. 187, 190 ; regarded as brother or sister of child, i. 189, 191, 192, 193, xi. 162 ».a ; seat of external soul, i. 193 sg.t 200 sq. ; regarded as a second child, i. 195, xi. 162 «.2; of cows, treatment of the, i. 198 sq. ; re- garded as a person's double or twin, vi. 169 sq. \ of child animated by a ghost and sympathetically connected with a banana -tree, xi. 162; and navel- string regarded as guardian angels of the man, xi. 162' «.3 ; regarded as a guardian spirit, xi. 223 n.2 See also Afterbirths and Placenta
Afterbirths buried in banana groves, v. 93 I regarded as twins of the children, v. 93 ; Shilluk kings interred where their afterbirths are buried, vi. 162
Agamemnon, sceptre of, worshipped as a god, i. 365 ; said to have reigned in his wife's home, Lacedaemon, ii. 279
and Aegisthus, ix. 19
Agar Dinka, rain-makers killed among the, iv. 33
Agaric growing on birch-trees, super- stitions as to, x. 148
GENERAL INDEX
153
Agariste, daughter of Clisthenes, the wooing of, ii. 307
Agathias, on the identification of Anaitis and Aphrodite, ix. 369 n.1 ; on Sandes, ix. 389
Agathocles, his siege of Carthage, iv. 167
Agbasia, West African god, sacred slaves of, v. 79 ; prayers to, viii. 59, 60
Agdestis, a man-monster in the myth of Attis, v. 269
Age of Magic, i. 235, 237
Agesipolis, king of Sparta, his conduct in an earthquake, v. 196
Aglu, New Year fires at, x. 217
Agni, Indian god, viii. 120, ix. 410, x. 99 ».2 ; the fire-god, ii. 230, 249, xi. i, 296; addressed at marriage, ii. 230
Agnihotris, Brahman fire-priests, ii. 247 sqq.
Agnus castus strewed by married women under their beds at the Thesmophoria, vii. 116 «.a ; used in ceremony of beating, ix. 252, 257
Agome, in Togoland, ceremonies observed by hunters at, viii. 229
Agraulus, daughter of Cecrops, wor- shipped at Salamis in Cyprus, v. 145, 146
Agricultural peoples worship the moon, vi. 138 sq.
stage of society, the, viii. 35, 37
year determined by observation of
the Pleiades, vii. 313 sqq. ; expulsions of demons timed to coincide with seasons of the, ix. 225
Agriculture, religious objections to, v. 88 sqq., vii. 93, 108 ; in the hands of women in the Pelew Islands, vi. 206 sq. ; its tendency to produce a con- servative character, vi. 217 sq. ; magical significance of games in primitive, vii. 92 sqq. ; origin of, vii. 128 sq. ; woman's