CHAPTER XV.

_The way of mixing Medicines according to the Cause of the
Disease, and Parts of the Body afflicted._


THIS being indeed the key of the work, I shall be somewhat the more
diligent in it. I shall deliver myself thus;

1. To the Vulgar.

2. To such as study Astrology; or such as study physic astrologically.

1st, To the Vulgar. Kind souls, I am sorry it hath been your hard
mishap to have been so long trained in such Egyptian darkness which to
your sorrow may be felt; The vulgar road of physic is not my practice,
and I am therefore the more unfit to give you advice. I have now
published a little book, (_Galen’s Art of Physic_,) which will fully
instruct you, not only in the knowledge of your own bodies, but also
in fit medicines to remedy each part of it when afflicted; in the mean
season take

1. With the disease, regard the cause, and the part of the body
afflicted; for example, suppose a woman be subject to miscarry, through
wind, thus do;

(1.) Look Abortion in the table of diseases, and you shall be directed
by that, how many herbs prevent miscarriage.

(2.) Look Wind in the same table, and you shall see how many of these
herbs expel wind.

These are the herbs medicinal for your grief.

2. In all diseases strengthen the part of the body afflicted.

3. In mix’d diseases there lies some difficulty, for sometimes two
parts of the body are afflicted with contrary humours, as sometimes the
liver is afflicted with choler and water, as when a man hath both the
dropsy and the yellow-jaundice; and this is usually mortal.

In the former, Suppose the brain be too cool and moist, and the liver
be too hot and dry; thus do;

1. Keep your head outwardly warm.

2. Accustom yourself to the smell of hot herbs.

3. Take a pill that heats the head at night going to bed.

4. In the morning take a decoction that cools the liver, for that
quickly passes the stomach, and is at the liver immediately.

You must not think, courteous people, that I can spend time to give you
examples of all diseases; These are enough to let you see so much light
as you without art are able to receive; If I should set you to look at
the sun, I should dazzle your eyes, and make you blind.

2dly, To such as study Astrology, (who are the only men I know that are
fit to study physic, physic without astrology being like a lamp without
oil) you are the men I exceedingly respect, and such documents as my
brain can give you at present (being absent from my study) I shall give
you.

1. Fortify the body with herbs of the nature of the Lord of the
Ascendant, ’tis no matter whether he be a Fortune or Infortune in this
case.

2. Let your medicine be something antipathetical to the Lord of the
sixth.

3. Let your medicine be something of the nature of the sign ascending.

4. If the Lord of the Tenth be strong, make use of his medicines.

5. If this cannot well be, make use of the medicines of the Light of
Time.

6. Be sure always to fortify the grieved part of the body by
sympathetical remedies.

7. Regard the heart, keep that upon the wheels, because the Sun is the
foundation of life, and therefore those universal remedies, _Aurum
Potabile_, and the Philosopher’s Stone, cure all diseases by fortifying
the heart.




THE

ENGLISH PHYSICIAN

AND

FAMILY DISPENSATORY.


AN ASTROLOGO-PHYSICAL DISCOURSE OF THE HUMAN VIRTUES IN THE BODY OF
MAN; BOTH PRINCIPAL AND ADMINISTERING.


HUMAN virtues are either PRINCIPAL for _procreation, and conservation_;
or ADMINISTRING, for _Attraction, Digestion, Retention, or Expulsion_.

* * * * *

Virtues _conservative_, are Vital, Natural, and Animal.

By the _natural_ are bred Blood, Choler, Flegm, and Melancholy.

The _animal virtue_ is Intellective, and Sensitive.

The _Intellective_ is Imagination, Judgment, and Memory.

The _sensitive_ is Common, and Particular.

The _particular_ is Seeing, Hearing, Smelling, Tasting, and Feeling.

THE scope of this discourse is, To preserve in soundness and vigour,
the mind and understanding of man; to strengthen the brain, preserve
the body in health, to teach a man to be an able co-artificer, or
helper of nature, to withstand and expel Diseases.

I shall touch only the principal faculties both of body and mind; which
being kept in a due decorum, preserve the body in health, and the mind
in vigour.

I shall in this place speak of them only in the general, as they are
laid down to your view in the _Synopsis_, in the former pages, and in
the same order.

_Virtue Procreative._] The first in order, is the Virtue Procreative:
for natural regards not only the conservation of itself, but to beget
its like, and conserve in _Species_.

The seat of this is the Member of Generation, and is governed
principally by the influence of _Venus_.

It is augmented and encreased by the strength of _Venus_, by her Herbs,
Roots, Trees, Minerals, &c.

It is diminished and purged by those of _Mars_, and quite extinguished
by those of _Saturn_.

Observe the hour and Medicines of _Venus_, to fortify; of _Mars_, to
cleanse this virtue; of _Saturn_, to extinguish it.

_Conservative._] The conservative virtue is Vital, Natural, Animal.

_Vital._] The Vital spirit hath its residence in the heart, and is
dispersed from it by the Arteries; and is governed by the influence
of the Sun. And it is to the body, as the Sun is to the Creation; as
the heart is in the _Microcosm_, so is the Sun in the _Megacosm_: for
as the Sun gives life, light, and motion to the Creation, so doth the
heart to the body; therefore it is called _Sol Corporis_, as the Sun is
called _Cor Cœli_, because their operations are similar.

Inimical and destructive to this virtue, are _Saturn_ and _Mars_.

The Herbs and Plants of _Sol_, wonderfully fortify it.

_Natural._] The natural faculty or virtue resides in the liver, and is
generally governed by _Jupiter_, _Quasi Juvans Pater_; its office is to
nourish the body, and is dispersed through the body by the veins.

From this are bred four particular humours, _Blood, Choler, Flegm, and
Melancholy_.

_Blood_ is made of meat perfectly concocted, in quality hot and moist,
governed by _Jupiter_: It is by a third concoction transmuted into
flesh, the superfluity of it into seed, and its receptacle is the
veins, by which it is dispersed through the body.

_Choler_ is made of meat more than perfectly concocted; and it is
the spume or froth of blood: it clarifies all the humours, heats the
body, nourishes the apprehension, as blood doth the judgment: It is in
quality hot and dry; fortifies the attractive faculty, as blood doth
the digestive; moves man to activity and valour: its receptacle is the
gall, and it is under the influence of _Mars_.

_Flegm_ is made of meat not perfectly digested; it fortifies the virtue
expulsive, makes the body slippery, fit for ejection; it fortifies the
brain by its consimilitude with it; yet it spoils apprehension by its
antipathy to it: It qualifies choler, cools and moistens the heart,
thereby sustaining it, and the whole body, from the fiery effects,
which continual motion would produce. Its receptacle is the lungs,
and is governed by _Venus_, some say by the _Moon_, perhaps it may be
governed by them both, it is cold and moist in quality.

_Melancholy_ is the sediment of blood, cold and dry in quality,
fortifying the retentive faculty, and memory; makes men sober, solid,
and staid, fit for study; stays the unbridled toys of lustful blood,
stays the wandering thoughts, and reduces them home to the centre: its
receptacle is in the spleen, and it is governed by _Saturn_.

Of all these humours blood is the chief, all the rest are superfluities
of blood; yet are they necessary superfluities, for without any of
them, man cannot live.

Namely; Choler is the fiery superfluities; Flegm, the Watery;
Melancholy, the Earthly.

_Animal._] The third principal virtue remains, which is Animal; its
residence is in the brain, and _Mercury_ is the general significator of
it. _Ptolomy_ held the _Moon_ signified the Animal virtue; and I am of
opinion, both _Mercury_ and the _Moon_ dispose it; and my reason is,
1, Because both of them in nativities, either fortify, or impedite it.
2, Ill directions to either, or from either, afflict it, as good ones
help it. Indeed the _Moon_ rules the bulk of it, as also the sensitive
part of it: _Mercury_ the rational part: and that’s the reason, if in
a nativity the _Moon_ be stronger than _Mercury_, sense many times
over-powers reason; but if _Mercury_ be strong, and the _Moon_ weak,
reason will be master ordinarily in despite of sense.

It is divided into Intellective, and Sensitive.

1. _Intellective._] The Intellectual resides in the brain, within the
_Pia mater_, is governed generally by _Mercury_.

It is divided into Imagination, Judgment, and Memory.

_Imagination_ is seated in the forepart of the brain; it is hot and
dry in quality, quick, active, always working; it receives vapours
from the heart, and coins them into thoughts: it never sleeps, but
always is working, both when the man is sleeping and waking; only when
Judgment is awake it regulates the Imagination, which runs at random
when Judgment is asleep, and forms any thought according to the nature
of the vapour sent up to it. _Mercury_ is out of question the disposer
of it.

A man may easily perceive his Judgment asleep before himself many
times, and then he shall perceive his thoughts run at random.

Judgment always sleeps when men do, Imagination never sleeps; Memory
sometimes sleeps when men sleep, and sometimes it doth not: so then
when memory is awake, and the man asleep, then memory remembers what
apprehension coins, and that is a dream: The thoughts would have been
the same, if memory had not been awake to remember it.

These thoughts are commonly (I mean in sleep, when they are purely
natural,) framed according to the nature of the humour, called
complexion, which is predominate in the body; and if the humour be
peccant it is always so.

So that it is one of the surest rules to know a man’s own complexion,
by his dreams, I mean a man void of distractions, or deep studies:
(this most assuredly shews _Mercury_ to dispose of the Imagination,
as also because it is mutable, applying itself to any object, as
_Mercury’s_ nature is to do;) for then the imagination will follow its
old bent; for if a man be bent upon a business, his apprehension will
work as much when he is asleep, and find out as many truths by study,
as when the man is awake; and perhaps more too, because then it is not
hindered by ocular objects.

And thus much for imagination, which is governed by _Mercury_, and
fortified by his influence; and is also strong or weak in man,
according as _Mercury_ is strong or weak in the nativity.

_Judgment_ is seated in the midst of the brain, to shew that it ought
to bear rule over all the other faculties: it is the judge of the
little world, to approve of what is good, and reject what is bad; it is
the seat of reason, and the guide of actions; so that all failings are
committed through its infirmity, it not rightly judging between a real
and an apparent good. It is hot and moist in quality, and under the
influence of _Jupiter_.

_Memory_ is seated in the hinder cell of the brain, it is the great
register to the little world; and its office is to record things either
done and past, or to be done.

It is in quality cold and dry, melancholic, and therefore generally
melancholic men have best memories, and most tenacious every way. It is
under the dominion of _Saturn_, and is fortified by his influence, but
purged by the luminaries.

2. _Sensitive._] The second part of the animal virtue, is sensitive,
and it is divided into two parts, common and particular.

Common sense is an imaginary term, and that which gives virtue to all
the particular senses, and knits and unites them together within the
_Pia Mater_. It is regulated by _Mercury_, (perhaps this is one reason
why men are so fickle-headed) and its office is to preserve a harmony
among the senses.

Particular senses are five, _viz._ _seeing, hearing, smelling, tasting,
and feeling_.

These senses are united in one, in the brain, by the common sense, but
are operatively distinguished into their several seats, and places of
residence.

The _sight_ resides in the eyes, and particularly in the christaline
humour. It is in quality cold and moist, and governed by the
luminaries. They who have them weak in their genesis, have always weak
sights; if one of them be so, the weakness possesses but one eye.

The _hearing_ resides in the ears; is in quality, cold and dry,
melancholy, and under the dominion of _Saturn_.

The _smelling_ resides in the nose, is in quality hot and dry,
choleric, and that is the reason choleric creatures have so good
smells, as dogs. It is under the influence of _Mars_.

The _taste_ resides in the palate, which is placed at the root of the
tongue on purpose to discern what food is congruous for the stomach,
and what not; as the meseraik veins are placed to discern what
nourishment is proper for the liver to convert into blood. In some very
few men, and but a few, and in those few, but in few instances these
two tasters agree not, and that is the reason some men covet meats that
make them sick, _viz._ the taste craves them, and the meseraik veins
reject them: In quality hot and moist, and is ruled by _Jupiter_.

The _feeling_ is deputed to no particular organ, but is spread abroad,
over the whole body; is of all qualities, hot, cold, dry, and moist,
and is the index of all tangible things; for if it were only hot alone,
it could not feel a quality contrary, _viz._ cold, and this might be
spoken of other qualities. It is under the dominion of _Venus_, some
say, _Mercury_: A thousand to one, but it is under _Mercury_.


The four ADMINISTERING VIRTUES are, _attractive, digestive, retentive,
and expulsive_.

The _attractive_ virtue is hot and dry, hot by quality, active, or
principal, and that appears because the fountain of all heat is
attractive, _viz._ the sun. Dry by a quality passive, or an effect of
its heat; its office is to remain in the body, and call for what nature
wants.

It is under the influence of the _Sun_, say authors, and not under
_Mars_, because he is of a corrupting nature, yet if we cast an
impartial eye upon experience, we shall find, that martial men call
for meat none of the least, and for drink the most of all other men,
although many times they corrupt the body by it, and therefore I see
no reason why _Mars_ being of the same quality with the _Sun_, should
not have a share in the dominion. It is in vain to object, that the
influence of _Mars_ is evil, and therefore he should have no dominion
over this virtue; for then,

1. By the same rule, he should have no dominion at all in the body of
man.

2. All the virtues in man are naturally evil, and corrupted by _Adam’s_
fall.

This _attractive_ virtue ought to be fortified when the _Moon_ is in
fiery signs, _viz._ _Aries_ and _Sagitary_, but not in _Leo_, for the
sign is so violent, that no physic ought to be given when the _Moon_ is
there: (and why not _Leo_, seeing that is the most attractive sign of
all; and that’s the reason such as have it ascending in their genesis,
are such greedy eaters.) If you cannot stay till the _Moon_ be in one
of them, let one of them ascend when you administer the medicine.

The _digestive_ virtue is hot and moist, and is the principal of them
all, the other like handmaids attend it.

The _attractive_ virtue draws that which it should digest, and serves
continually to feed and supply it.

The _retentive_ virtue, retains the substance with it, till it be
perfectly digested.

The _expulsive_ virtue casteth out, expels what is superfluous by
digestion. It is under the influence of _Jupiter_, and fortified by his
herbs and plants, &c. In fortifying it, let your _Moon_ be in _Gemini_,
_Aquary_, or the first half of _Libra_, or if matters be come to that
extremity, that you cannot stay till that time, let one of them ascend,
but both of them together would do better, always provided that the
_Moon_ be not in the ascendent. I cannot believe the _Moon_ afflicts
the ascendent so much as they talk of, if she be well dignified, and in
a sign she delights in.

The _retentive_ virtue is in quality cold and dry; cold, because the
nature of cold is to compress, witness the ice; dry, because the nature
of dryness, is to keep and hold what is compressed. It is under the
influence of _Saturn_, and that is the reason why usually Saturnine men
are so covetous and tenacious. In fortifying of it, make use of the
herbs and plants, &c. of _Saturn_, and let the _Moon_ be in _Taurus_
or _Virgo_, _Capricorn_ is not so good, say authors, (I can give no
reason for that neither;) let not _Saturn_ nor his ill aspect molest
the ascendent.

The _expulsive_ faculty is cold and moist; cold because that compasses
the superfluities; moist, because that makes the body slippery and
fit for ejection, and disposes it to it. It is under the dominion of
_Luna_, with whom you may join _Venus_, because she is of the same
nature.

Also in whatsoever is before written, of the nature of the planets,
take notice, that fixed stars of the same nature, work the same effect.

In fortifying this, (which ought to be done in all purgations,) let
the _Moon_ be in _Cancer_, _Scorpio_, or _Pisces_, or let one of these
signs ascend.

_Although I did what I could throughout the whole book to express
myself in such a language as might be understood by all, and therefore
avoided terms of art as much as might be, Yet, 1. Some words of
necessity fall in which need explanation. 2. It would be very tedious
at the end of every receipt to repeat over and over again, the way of
administration of the receipt, or ordering your bodies after it, or to
instruct you in the mixture of medicines, and indeed would do nothing
else but stuff the book full of tautology._

_To answer to both these is my task at this time._

_To the first: The words which need explaining, such as are obvious to
my eye, are these that follow._

_1. To distil in _Balneo Mariæ_, is the usual way of distilling
in water. It is no more than to place your glass body which holds the
matter to be distilled in a convenient vessel of water, when the water
is cold (for fear of breaking) put a wisp of straw, or the like under
it, to keep it from the bottom, then make the water boil, that so the
spirit may be distilled forth; take not the glass out till the water be
cold again, for fear of breaking: It is impossible for a man to learn
how to do it, unless he saw it done._

2. _Manica Hippocrates_, Hippocrates’s sleeve, is a piece of woolen
cloth, new and white, sewed together in form of a sugar-loaf. Its use
is, to strain any syrup or decoction through, by pouring it into it,
and suffering it to run through without pressing or crushing it.

3. _Calcination_, is a burning of a thing in a crucible or other such
convenient vessel that will endure the fire. A crucible is such a thing
as goldsmiths melt silver in, and founders metals; you may place it in
the midst of the fire, with coals above, below, and on every side of it.

4. _Filtrition_, is straining of a liquid body through a brown paper:
make up the paper in form of a funnel, the which having placed in a
funnel, and the funnel and the paper in it in an empty glass, pour in
the liquor you would filter, and let it run through at its leisure.

5. _Coagulation_, is curdling or hardening: it is used in physic for
reducing a liquid body to hardness by the heat of the fire.

6. Whereas you find _vital_, _natural_, and _animal spirits_ often
mentioned in the virtues or receipts, I shall explain what they be, and
what their operation is in the body of man.

The actions or operations of the animal virtues, are, 1. _sensitive_,
2. _motive_.

The sensitive is, 1. _external_, 2. _internal_.

The external senses are, 1. _seeing_, 2. _hearing_, 3. _tasting_, 4.
_smelling_, 5. _feeling_.

The internal senses are, 1. _the Imagination, to apprehend a thing_. 2.
_Judgment, to judge of it_. 3. _Memory, to remember it_.

The seat of all these is in the brain.

The _vital spirits_ proceed from the heart, and cause in man _mirth_,
_joy_, _hope_, _trust_, _humanity_, _mildness_, _courage_, _&c._ and
their opposite: _viz._ _sadness_, _fear_, _care_, _sorrow_, _despair_,
_envy_, _hatred_, _stubbornness_, _revenge_, _&c._ by heat natural or
not natural.

The _natural spirit_ nourishes the body throughout (as the vital
quickens it, and the animal gives it sense and motion) its office is to
alter or concoct food into chile, chile into blood, blood into flesh,
to form, engender, nourish, and increase the body.

7. _Infusion_, is to steep a gross body into one more liquid.

8. _Decoction_, is the liquor in which any thing is boiled.

As for the manner of using or ordering the body after any sweating,
or purging medicines, or pills, or the like, they will be found in
different parts of the work, as also in the next page.

The different forms of making up medicines, as some into syrups,
others into electuaries, pills, troches, &c. was partly to please
the different palates of people, that so medicines might be more
delightful, or at least less burdensome. You may make the mixtures
of them in what form you please, only for your better instruction at
present, accept of these few lines.

1. Consider, that all diseases are cured by their contraries, but all
parts of the body maintained by their likes: then if heat be the cause
of the disease, give the cold medicine appropriated to it; if wind, see
how many medicines appropriated to that disease expel wind, and use
them.

2. Have a care you use not such medicines to one part of your body
which are appropriated to another, for if your brain be over heated,
and you use such medicines as cool the heart or liver, you may make bad
work.

3. The distilled water of any herb you would take for a disease, is a
fit mixture for the syrup of the same herb, or to make any electuary
into a drink, if you affect such liquid medicines best; if you have not
the distilled water, make use of the decoction.

4. Diseases that lie in the parts of the body remote from the stomach
and bowels, it is in vain to think to carry away the cause at once, and
therefore you had best do it by degrees; pills, and such like medicines
which are hard in the body, are fittest for such a business, because
they are longest before they digest.

5. Use no strong medicines, if weak will serve the turn, you had better
take one too weak by half, than too strong in the least.

6. Consider the natural temper of the part of the body afflicted, and
maintain it in that, else you extinguish nature, as the heart is hot,
the brain cold, or at least the coldest part of the body.

7. Observe this general rule; That such medicines as are hot in the
first degree are most habitual to our bodies, because they are just of
the heat of our blood.

8. All opening medicines, and such as provoke urine or the menses, or
break the stone, may most conveniently be given in white wine, because
white wine of itself is of an opening nature, and cleanses the veins.

9. Let all such medicines as are taken to stop fluxes or looseness, be
taken before meat, about an hour before, more or less, that so they may
strengthen the digestion and retentive faculty, before the food come
into the stomach, but such as are subject to vomit up their meat, let
them take such medicines as stay vomiting presently after meat, at the
conclusion of their meals, that so they may close up the mouth of the
stomach; and that is the reason why usually men eat a bit of cheese
after meat, because by its sourness and binding it closes the mouth of
the stomach, thereby staying belching and vomiting.

10. In taking purges be very careful, and that you may be so, observe
these rules.

(1.) Consider what the humour offending is, and let the medicine be
such as purges that humour, else you will weaken nature, not the
disease.

(2.) Take notice, if the humour you would purge out be thin, then
gentle medicines will serve the turn, but if it be tough and viscous,
then such medicines as are cutting and opening, the night before you
would take the purge.

(3.) In purging tough humours, forbear as much as may be such medicines
as leave a binding quality behind them.

(4.) Have a care of taking purges when your body is astringent; your
best way, is first to open it by a clyster.

(5.) In taking opening medicines, you may safely take them at night,
eating but a little supper three or four hours before, and the next
morning drinking a draught of warm posset-drink, and you need not
fear to go about your business. In this manner you may take _Lenitive
Electuary_, _Diacatholicon_, _Pulp of Cassia_, and the like gentle
electuaries, as also all pills that have neither _Diagrydium_ nor
_Colocynthus_, in them. But all violent purges require a due ordering
of the body; such ought to be taken in the morning after you are up,
and not to sleep after them before they are done working, at least
before night: two hours after you have taken them, drink a draught
of warm posset-drink, or broth, and six hours after eat a bit of
mutton, often walking about the chamber; let there be a good fire in
the chamber, and stir not out of the chamber till the purge have done
working, or not till next day.

Lastly, Take sweating medicines when you are in bed, covered warm, and
in the time of your sweating drink posset-drink as hot as you can. If
you sweat for a fever, boil sorrel and red sage in your posset-drink,
sweat an hour or longer if your strength will permit, then (the chamber
being kept very warm) shift yourself all but your head, about which
(the cap which you sweat in being still kept on) wrap a napkin very
hot, to repel the vapours back.

I confess these, or many of these directions may be found in one place
of the book or other, and I delight as little to write tautology as
another, but considering it might make for the public good, I inserted
them in this place: if, notwithstanding, any will be so mad as to do
themselves a mischief, the fault is not mine.


ROOTS.

_Acanths, Brancæ Ursinæ._ Of bearsbreech, or brankursine, it is meanly
hot and dry, helps aches and numness of the joints, and is of a binding
quality, good for wounds and broken bones. _Dioscorides_ saith, they
are profitable for ruptures, or such as are bursten, or burnt with
fire, a dram of the root in powder being taken in the morning fasting,
in a decoction made with the same root and water.

_Acori, Veri, Perigrini, vulgaris, &c._ See _Calamus Aromaticus_. I
shall not speak concerning the several sorts of it, one of which is
Water-flag, or Flower-de-luce, which is hot and dry in the second
degree, binds, strengthens, stops fluxes of the belly, and immoderate
flowing of the menses, a dram being taken in red wine every morning.

_Allium._ Garlic. It is hot and dry in the fourth degree, breeds
corrupt blood, yet is an enemy to all poisons, and such as are bitten
by cold venomous beasts, viz. Adders, Toads, Spiders, &c. it provokes
urine, and expels wind.

_Alcannæ._ Of privet. See the leaves.

_Althææ._ Of Marsh mallows, are meanly hot, of a digesting, softening
nature, ease pains, help bloody fluxes, the stone, and gravel; being
bruised and boiled in milk, and the milk drank, is a good remedy for
gripings of the belly, and the bloody flux. If a fever accompany the
disease, boil a handful of common mallow leaves with a handful of these
roots.

_Angelicæ._ Of Angelica; is hot and dry in the third degree,
strengthens the heart, and is good against pestilence and poison, half
a dram taken in the morning fasting.

_Anchusæ._ Of Alkanet; cold and dry, binding, good for old ulcers.

_Anthoræ._ A foreign root, the counterpoison for Monkshood, it is an
admirable remedy for the wind cholic, and resists poison.

_Apii._ Of smallage. See the barks.

_Aristolochiæ._ Of birthwort; of which are three sorts, long, round,
and climing: All hot and dry in the third degree. The long, being
drank in wine, brings away both birth and after-birth, and whatsoever
a careless midwife hath left behind. _Dioscorides, Galen._ The round,
being drank with wine, helps (besides the former) stuffings of the
lungs, hardness of the spleen, ruptures, convulsions; both of them
resist poison. I never read any use of the climing birthwort.

_Artanitæ, Cyclaminis, &c._ Or Sowbread; hot and dry in the third
degree, a most violent purge, dangerous; outwardly applied to the
place, it profits much in the bitings of venomous beasts, also being
hung about women in labour, it causes speedy deliverance. See the Herb.

_Arundinis, Vallanoriæ, and Saccharinæ._ Of common reeds and sugar
reeds. The roots of common reeds applied to the place draw out thorns,
and ease sprains; the ashes of them mixed with vinegar, take scurf, or
dandrif off from the head, and prevent the falling off of the hair,
they are hot and dry in the second degree, according to _Galen_. I
never read any virtue of the root of sugar cane.

_Ari, &c._ Of Cuckow-points, or Wake-Robin, hot and dry in the third
degree, I know no great good they do inwardly taken, unless to play the
rogue withal, or make sport: outwardly applied, they take off scurf,
morphew, or freckles from the face, clear the skin, and ease the pains
of the gout.

_Asclepiadis, vincetoxici._ Of Swallow-wort, hot and dry, good against
poison, and gripings of the belly, as also against the bitings of mad
dogs, taken inwardly.

_Asari._ Of Asarabacca: the roots are a safer purge than the leaves,
and not so violent, they purge by vomit, stool, and urine; they are
profitable for such as have agues, dropsies, stoppings of the liver, or
spleen, green sickness.

_Asparagi._ Of Asparagus, or sperage: they are temperate in quality,
opening, they provoke urine, and cleanse the reins and bladder, being
boiled in white wine, and the wine drank.

_Asphodeli, Hastæ Regiæ fœm._ Of Kings Spear, or Female Asphodel. I
know no physical use of the roots; probably there is, for I do not
believe God created any thing of no use.

_Asphodeli, Albuci, muris._ Of male Asphodel. Hot and dry in the second
degree, inwardly taken, they provoke vomit, urine, and the menses:
outwardly used in ointments, they cause hair to grow, cleanse ulcers,
and take away morphew and freckles from the face.

_Bardanæ, &c._ Of Bur, Clot-bur, or Burdock, temperately hot and dry.
Helps such as spit blood and matter; bruised and mixed with salt and
applied to the place, helps the bitings of mad dogs. It expels wind,
eases pains of the teeth, strengthens the back, helps the running
of the reins, and the whites, being taken inwardly. _Dioscorides_,
_Apuleius_.

_Behen. alb. rub._ Of Valerian, white and red. _Mesue_, _Serapio_, and
other Arabians, say they are hot and moist in the latter end of the
first, or beginning of the second degree, and comfort the heart, stir
up lust. The Grecians held them to be dry in the second degree, that
they stop fluxes, and provoke urine.

_Bellidis._ Of Dasies. See the Leaves.

_Betæ, nigræ, albæ, rubræ._ Of Beets, black, white, and red; as for
black Beets I have nothing to say, I doubt they are as rare as black
swans. The red Beet root boiled and preserved in vinegar, makes a fine,
cool, pleasing, cleansing, digesting sauce. See the leaves.

_Bistortæ, &c._ Of Bistort, or snakeweed, cold and dry in the third
degree, binding: half a dram at a time taken inwardly, resists
pestilence and poison, helps ruptures and bruises, stays fluxes,
vomiting, and immoderate flowing of the menses, helps inflammations
and soreness of the mouth, and fastens loose teeth, being bruised and
boiled in white wine, and the mouth washed with it.

_Borraginis._ Of Borrage, hot and moist in the first degree, cheers
the heart, helps drooping spirits. _Dioscorides._

_Brionæ, &c._ Of Briony both white and black: they are both hot and
dry, some say in the third degree, and some say but in the first; they
purge flegm and watery humours, but they trouble the stomach much,
they are very good for dropsies; the white is most in use, and is good
for the fits of the mother: both of them externally used, take away
freckles, sunburning, and morphew from the face, and cleanse filthy
ulcers: It is but a churlish purge, but being let alone, can do no harm.

_Buglossi._ Of Bugloss: Its virtues are the same with Borrage, and the
roots of either seldom used.

_Bulbus Vomitorius._ A Vomiting Root: I never read of it elswhere by
this general name.

_Calami Aromatici._ Of Aromatical Reed, or sweet garden flag: it
provokes urine, strengthens the lungs, helps bruises, resists poison,
&c. being taken inwardly in powder, the quantity of half a dram at a
time. You may mix it with syrup of violets, if your body be feverish.

_Capparum._ Capper Roots. Are hot and dry in the second degree, cutting
and cleansing: they provoke menses, help malignant ulcers, ease the
toothache, assuage swelling, and help the rickets. _See Oil of Cappers._

_Cariophillatæ, &c._ Of Avens, or Herb Bennet. The roots are dry, and
something hot, of a cleansing quality, they keep garments from being
moth-eaten. See the leaves.

_Caulium._ Of Colewort. I know nothing the roots are good for, but only
to bear the herbs and flowers.

_Centaurii majoris._ Of Centaury the Greater. The roots help such as
are bursten, such as spit blood, shrinking of sinews, shortness of
wind, coughs, convulsions, cramps: half a dram in powder being taken
inwardly, either in muskadel, or in a decoction of the same roots. They
are either not at all, or very scarce in _England_, our centaury is the
small centaury.

_Cepœ._ Of Onions. Are hot and dry (according to _Galen_) in the
fourth degree: they cause dryness, and are extremely hurtful for
choleric people, they breed but little nourishment, and that little is
naught: they are bad meat, yet good physic for phlegmatic people, they
are opening, and provoke urine and the menses, if cold be the cause
obstructing: bruised and outwardly applied, they cure the bitings of
mad dogs, roasted and applied, they help boils, and aposthumes: raw,
they take the fire out of burnings, but ordinarily eaten, they cause
headache, spoil the sight, dull the senses, and fill the body full of
wind.

_Chameleontis albi nigri, &c._ Of Chameleon, white and black. _Tragus_
calls the carline thistle by the name of white chameleon, the root
whereof is hot in the second degree, and dry in the third, it provokes
sweat, kills worms, resists pestilence and poison; it is given with
success in pestilential fevers, helps the toothache by being chewed in
the mouth, opens the stoppings of the liver and spleen, provokes urine,
and the menses: give but little of it at a time, by reason of its heat.
As for the black chameleon, all physicians hold it to have a kind of
venomous quality, and unfit to be used inwardly, _Galen, Clusius,
Nicander, Dioscorides, and Ægineta_. Outwardly in ointments, it is
profitable for scabs, morphew, tetters, &c. and all things that need
cleansing.

_Chelidonij majoris, minoris._ Of celandine, the greater and lesser:
The greater is that which we usually call Celandine: the root is hot
and dry, cleansing and scouring, proper for such as have the yellow
jaundice, it opens obstructions of the liver, being boiled in white
wine, and the decoctions drank; and if chewed in the mouth it helps
the tooth-ache. Celandine the lesser is that which usually we call
Pilewort, which with us is hot in the first degree; the juice of the
root mixed with honey and snuffed up in the nose, purges the head,
helps the hemorrhoids or piles being bathed with it, as also doth the
root only carried about one: being made into an ointment, it helps the
king’s evil or _Scrophula_.

_China_, wonderfully extenuates and dries, provokes sweat, resists
putrefaction; it strengthens the liver, helps the dropsy and malignant
ulcers, leprosy, itch, and venereal, and is profitable in diseases
coming of fasting. It is commonly used in diet drinks for the premises.

_Cichorii._ Of Succory; cool and dry in the second degree, strengthens
the liver and veins, it opens obstructions, stoppings in the liver and
spleen, being boiled in white wine and the decoction drank.

_Colchici._ Of Meadow Saffron. The roots are held to be hurtful to the
stomach, therefore I let them alone.

_Consolidæ, majoris, minoris._ Consolida Major, is that which we
ordinarily call Comfry, it is of a cold quality, yet pretty temperate,
so glutinous, that, according to _Dioscorides_, they will join meat
together that is cut in sunder, if they be boiled with it; it is
excellent for all wounds, both internal and external, for spitting of
blood, ruptures or burstness, pains in the back, it strengthens the
reins, it stops the menses, and helps hemorrhoids. The way to use them
is to boil them in water and drink the decoction. Consolida minor, is
that we call Self-heal, and the latins _Prunella_. See the herb.

_Costi utriusque._ Of Costus both sorts being roots coming from beyond
sea, hot and dry, break wind, being boiled in oil, it is held to help
the gout by anointing the grieved place with it.

_Cucumeris a grestis._ Of wild Cucumber roots; they purge flegm, and
that with such violence, that I would advise the country man that knows
not how to correct them, to let them alone.

_Cinaræ, &c._ Of Artichokes. The roots purge by urine, whereby the rank
savour of the body is much amended.

_Cynoglossæ, &c._ Of Hounds-tongue, Cold and dry: being roasted and
laid to the fundament, helps the hemorrhoids, is also good for burnings
and scaldings.

_Curcumæ._ Of Turmerick, hot in the third degree, opens obstructions,
is profitable against the yellow jaundice, and cold distemper of the
liver and spleen, half a dram being taken at night going to bed in the
pulp of a roasted apple, and if you add a little saffron to it, it will
be the better by far.

_Cyperiutriusque, longi, rotundi._ Of Cyprus Grass, or English Galanga,
both sorts, long and round: is of a warm nature, provokes urine, breaks
the stone, provokes the menses; the ashes of them (being burnt) are
used for ulcers in the mouth, cankers, &c.

_Dauci._ Of Carrots. Are moderately hot and moist, breed but little
nourishment, and are windy.

_Dentaria majoris, &c._ Of Toothwort, toothed violets, or corralwort:
they are drying, binding, and strengthening; are good to ease pains in
the sides and bowels; also being boiled, the decoction is said to be
good to wash green wounds and ulcers with.

_Dictiamni._ Of Dittany: is hot and dry in the third degree, hastens
travail in women, provokes the menses. (See the leaves.)

_Doronici._ Of Doronicum, a supposed kind of Wolf’s bane: It is hot
and dry in the third degree, strengthens the heart, is a sovereign
cordial, and preservative against the pestilence: it helps the vertigo
or swimming of the head, is admirable against the bitings of venomous
beasts, and such as have taken too much opium, as also for lethargies,
the juice helps hot rheums in the eyes; a scruple of the root in powder
is enough to take at one time.

_Dracontii, Dracunculi._ Divers authors attribute divers herbs to this
name. It is most probable that they mean dragons, the roots of which
cleanse mightily, and take away proud, or dead flesh, the very smell of
them is hurtful for pregnant women: outwardly in ointments, they take
away scurf, morphew, and sun-burning; I would not wish any, unless very
well read in physic, to take them inwardly. _Matthiolus_, _Dioscorides_.

_Ebuli._ Of Dwarf Elder, Walwort, or Danewort; hot and dry in the third
degree, the roots are as excellent a purge for the dropsy as any under
the sun. You may take a dram or two drams (if the patient be strong) in
white wine at a time.

_Echij._ Of Viper’s Bugloss, or wild Bugloss. _This root is cold and
dry, good for such as are bitten by venemous beasts, either being
boiled in wine and drank, or bruised and applied to the place: being
boiled in wine and drank, it encreaseth milk in nurses._

Ellebori, Veratri, albi nigri. _Of Hellebore white and black. The root
of white Hellebore, or sneezewort, being grated and snuffed up the
nose, causeth sneezing; kills rats and mice being mixed with their
meat._

_Black Hellebore, Bears-foot or Christmas flower: both this and the
former are hot and dry in the third degree. This is neither so violent
nor dangerous as the former._

Enulæ Campanæ Helenij. _Of Elecampane. It is hot and dry in the
third degree, wholesome for the stomach, resists poison, helps old
coughs, and shortness of breath, helps ruptures, and provokes lust; in
ointments, it is good against scabs and itch._

Endivæ, &c. _Of Endive, Garden Endive, which is the root here
specified, is held to be somewhat colder, though not so dry and
cleansing as that which is wild; it cools hot stomachs, hot livers,
amends the blood corrupted by heat, and therefore is good in fevers,
it cools the reins, and therefore prevents the stone, it opens
obstructions, and provokes urine: you may bruise the root, and boil it
in white wine, ’tis very harmless._

Eringij. _Of Eringo or Sea-holly: the roots are moderately hot,
something drying and cleansing, bruised and applied to the place; they
help the _Scrophula_, or disease in the throat called the King’s
Evil, they break the stone, encrease seed, stir up lust, provoke the
terms, &c._

Esulæ, majoris, minoris. _Of Spurge the greater and lesser, they
are both (taken inwardly) too violent for common use; outwardly in
ointments they cleanse the skin, take away sunburning._

Filicis, &c. _Fearn, of which are two grand distinctions, _viz._
male and female. Both are hot and dry, and good for the rickets in
children, and diseases of the spleen, but dangerous for pregnant women._

Filipendulæ. _Of Dropwort. The roots are hot and dry in the third
degree, opening, cleansing, yet somewhat binding; they provoke urine,
ease pains in the bladder, and are a good preservative against the
falling-sickness._

Fœniculi. _Of Fennel. The root is hot and dry, some say in the third
degree, opening; it provokes urine, and menses, strengthens the liver,
and is good against the dropsy._

Fraxini. _Of Ash-tree. I know no great virtues in physic of the roots._

Galangæ, majoris, minoris. _Galanga, commonly called Galingal, the
greater and lesser: They are hot and dry in the third degree, and
the lesser are accounted the hotter, it strengthens the stomach
exceedingly, and takes away the pains thereof coming of cold or wind;
the smell of it strengthens the brain, it relieves faint hearts, takes
away windiness of the womb, heats the reins, and provokes amorous
diseases. You may take half a dram at a time._ Matthiolus.

Gentiana. _Of Gentian; some call it Felwort, and Baldmoney. It is
hot, cleansing, and scouring, a notable counterpoison, it opens
obstructions, helps the biting of venemous beasts, and mad dogs,
helps digestion, and cleanseth the body of raw humours; the root is
profitable for ruptures, or such as are bursten._

Glycyrrhizæ. _Of Liquorice; the best that is grows in _England_:
it is hot and moist in temperature, helps the roughness of the
windpipe, hoarsness, diseases in the kidneys and bladder, and ulcers in
the bladder, it concocts raw humours in the stomach, helps difficulty
of breathing, is profitable for all salt humours, the root dried and
beaten into powder, and the powder put into the eye, is a special
remedy for a pin and web._

Gramminis. _Of Grass, such as in _London_ they call couch grass,
and Squitch-grass; in _Sussex_ Dog-grass. It gallantly provokes
urine, and easeth the kidneys oppressed with gravel, gripings of the
belly, and difficulty of urine. Let such as are troubled with these
diseases, drink a draught of white wine, wherein these roots (being
bruised) have been boiled, for their morning’s draught, bruised
and applied to the place, they speedily help green wounds._ Galen,
Dioscorides.

Hermodactyli. _Of Hermodactils. They are hot and dry, purge flegm,
especially from the joints, therefore are good for gouts, and other
diseases in the joints. Their vices are corrected with long pepper,
ginger, cinnamon, or mastich. I would not have unskilful people too
busy with purges._

Hyacinthi. _Of Jacinths. The roots are dry in the first degree, and
cold in the second, they stop looseness, bind the belly._

Iridis, vulgaris, and Florentine, &c. Orris, or Flower-de-luce, both
that which grows with us, and that which comes from _Florence_. They
are hot and dry in the third degree, resist poison, help shortness of
the breath, provoke the menses; the Root being green and bruised,
takes away blackness and blueness of a stroke, being applied thereto.

_Imperitoriæ, &c._ Of Master-wort. The root is hot and dry in the third
degree; mitigates the rigour of agues, helps dropsies, provokes sweat,
breaks carbuncles, and plague-sores, being applied to them; it is very
profitable being given inwardly in bruises.

_Isotidis, Glasti._ Of Woad. I know no great physical virtue in the
root. See the Herb.

_Labri Veneris, Dipsaci._ Fullers-Thistle, Teazle. The root being
boiled in wine till it be thick (quoth _Dioscorides_) helps by unction
the clefts of the fundament, as also takes away warts and wens. _Galen_
saith, they are dry in the second degree: and I take it all Authors
hold them to be cold and dry. Unslacked lime beaten into powder, and
mixed with black soap, takes away a wen being anointed with it.

_Lactucæ._ Of Lettice. I know no physical virtue residing in the roots.

_Lauri._ Of the Bay-tree. The Bark of the root drunk with wine,
provokes urine, breaks the stone, opens obstructions of the liver and
spleen. But according to _Dioscorides_ is naught for pregnant women.
_Galen._

_Lapathi acuti, Oxylapathi._ Sorrel, according to _Galen_; but
Sharp-pointed Dock, according to _Dioscorides_. The roots of Sorrel
are held to be profitable against the jaundice. Of Sharp-pointed Dock;
cleanse, and help scabs and itch.

_Levistici._ Of Lovage. They are hot and dry, and good for any diseases
coming of wind.

_Lillij albi._ Of white Lillies. The root is something hot and dry,
helps burnings, softens the womb, provokes the menses, if boiled in
wine, is given with good success in rotten Fevers, Pestilences, and all
diseases that require suppuration: outwardly applied, it helps ulcers
in the head, and amends the ill colour of the face.

_Malvœ._ Of Mallows. They are cool, and digesting, resist poison, and
help corrosions, or gnawing of the bowels, or any other part; as also
ulcers in the bladder. See Marsh-mallows.

_Mandragoræ._ Of Mandrakes. A root dangerous for its coldness, being
cold in the fourth degree: the root is dangerous.

_Mechoachanæ._ Of Mechoacah. It is corrected with Cinnamon, is
temperate yet drying, purges flegm chiefly from the head and joints,
it is good for old diseases in the head, and may safely be given even
to feverish bodies, because of its temperature: it is also profitable
against coughs and pains in the reins; as also against venereal
complaints; the strong may take a dram at a time.

_Mei, &c._ Spignel. The roots are hot and dry in the second or third
degree, and send up unwholesome vapours to the head.

_Mezerei, &c._ Of Spurge, Olive, or Widow-wail. See the Herb, if you
think it worth the seeing.

_Merorum Celci._ Of Mulberry Tree. The bark of the root is bitter, hot
and dry, opens stoppings of the liver and spleen, purges the belly, and
kills worms, boiled in vinegar, helps the tooth-ache.

_Morsus Diaboli, Succisæ, &c._ Devil’s-bit. See the herb.

_Norpi Spicæ, Indicæ, Celticæ, &c._ Of Spikenard, Indian, and Cheltic.
Cheltic Nard wonderfully provokes urine. They are both hot and dry. The
Indian, also provokes urine, and stops fluxes, helps windiness of the
stomach, resists the pestilence, helps gnawing pains of the stomach;
and dries up rheums that molest the head. The Celtic Spikenard performs
the same offices, though in a weaker measure.

_Nenupharis, Nymphæ._ Of Water-lilies. They are cold and dry, and stop
lust: I never dived so deep to find what virtue the roots have.

_Ononidis, Arrestæ Bovis, &c._ Of Cammock, or Rest-harrow, so called
because it makes oxen stand still when they are ploughing. The roots
are hot and dry in the third degree; it breaks the stone (viz.
the bark of it.) The root itself, according to _Pliny_, helps the
falling-sickness; according to _Matthiolus_, helps ruptures: you may
take half a dram at a time.

_Ostrutij._ Masterwort, given once before under the name of
_Imperitoria_. But I have something else to do than to write one thing
twice as they did.

_Pastinatæ, Sativæ, and silvestris._ Garden and Wild Parsnips. They
are of a temperate quality, inclining something to heat: The Garden
Parsnips provoke lust, and nourish as much and more too, than any root
ordinarily eaten: the wild are more physical, being cutting, cleansing,
and opening: they resist the bitings of venomous beasts, ease pains
and stitches in the sides, and are a sovereign remedy against the wind
cholic.

_Pentafylli._ Of Cinqfyl, commonly called Five-leaved, or Five-finger’d
grass: the root is very drying, but moderately hot: It is admirable
against all fluxes, and stops blood flowing from any part of the body:
it helps infirmities of the liver and lungs, helps putrified ulcers of
the mouth, the root boiled in vinegar is good against the shingles, and
appeases the rage of any fretting sores. You may safely take half a
dram at a time in any convenient liquor.

_Petacitæ._ Of Butter-bur. The roots are hot and dry in the second
degree, they are exceeding good in violent and pestilential fevers,
they provoke the menses, expel poison, and kill worms.

_Peucedani, Fœniculi porcini._ Of Sulphur-wort, Hogs-fennel, or
Hore-strange. It is very good applied to the navels of children that
stick out, and ruptures: held in the mouth, it is a present remedy
for the fits of the mother: being taken inwardly, it gives speedy
deliverance to women in travail, and brings away the placenta.

Pœoniœ, maris, fœmellæ. _Of Peony male and female. They are meanly
hot, but more drying. The root helps women not sufficiently purged
after travail, it provokes the menses, and helps pains in the belly,
as also in the reins and bladder, falling sickness, and convulsions in
children, being either taken inwardly, or hung about their necks. You
may take half a dram at a time, and less for children._

Phu, Valerinæ, majoris, minoris. _Valerian, or Setwal, greater and
lesser. They are temperately hot, the greater provokes urine and the
menses, helps the stranguary, stays rheums in the head, and takes away
the pricking pains thereof. The lesser resist poison, assuages the
swelling of the testicles, coming either through wind or cold, helps
cold taken after sweating or labour, wind cholic: outwardly it draws
out thorns, and cures both wounds and ulcers._

Pimpinellæ, &c. _Of Burnet. It doth this good, to bring forth a gallant
physical herb._

Plantaginis. _Of Plantane. The root is something dryer than the leaf,
but not so cold, it opens stoppages of the liver, helps the jaundice,
and ulcers of the reins and bladder. A little bit of the root being
eaten, instantly stays pains in the head, even to admiration._

_Polypodij._ Of Polypodium, or Fern of the Oak. It is a gallant though
gentle purger of melancholy; Also in the opinion of _Mesue_ (as famous
a physician as ever I read for a Galenist,) it dries up superfluous
humours, takes away swellings from the hands, feet, knees, and joints,
stitches and pains in the sides, infirmities of the spleen, rickets;
correct it with a few Annis seeds, or Fennel seeds, or a little ginger,
and then the stomach will not loath it. Your best way of taking it, is
to bruise it well, and boil it in white wine till half be consumed, you
may put in much, or little, according to the strength of the diseased,
it works very safely.

_Poligonati, sigilli Solomonis, &c._ Of Solomon’s Seal. Stamped and
boiled in wine it speedily helps (being drank) all broken bones, and is
of incredible virtue that way; as also being stamped and applied to the
place, it soon heals all wounds, and quickly takes away the black and
blue marks of blows, being bruised and applied to the place, and for
these, I am persuaded there is not a better medicine under the sun.

_Porri._ Of Leeks. They say they are hot and dry in the fourth degree;
they breed ill-favoured nourishment at the best, they spoil the eyes,
heat the body, cause troublesome sleep, and are noisome to the stomach:
yet are they good for something else, for the juice of them dropped
into the ears takes away the noise of them, mixed with a little vinegar
and snuffed up the nose, it stays the bleeding of it, they are better
of the two boiled than raw, but both ways exceedingly hurtful for
ulcers in the bladder: and so are onions and garlic.

_Prunellorum Silvestrium._ Of Sloe-bush, or Sloe-tree. I think the
college set this amongst the roots only for fashion sake, and I did it
because they did.

_Pyrethri Salivaris, &c._ Pelitory of Spain. It is hot and dry in
the fourth degree, chewed in the mouth, it draws away rheum in the
tooth-ache; bruised and boiled in oil, it provokes sweat by unction;
inwardly taken, they say it helps palsies and other cold effects in the
brain and nerves.

_Rhapontici_, Rhupontick, or Rhubarb of Pontus. It takes away windiness
and weakness of the stomach, sighings, sobbings, spittings of blood,
diseases of the liver and spleen, rickets, &c. if you take a dram at a
time it will purge a little, but bind much, and therefore fit for foul
bodies that have fluxes.

_Rhabarbari._ Of Rhubarb. It gently purges choler from the stomach
and liver, opens stoppings, withstands the dropsy, Hypocondriac
Melancholly; a little boiling takes away the virtue of it, and
therefore it is best given by infusion only; If your body be any thing
strong, you may take two drams of it at a time being sliced thin and
steeped all night in white wine, in the morning strain it out and drink
the white wine; it purges but gently, it leaves a binding quality
behind it, therefore dried a little by the fire and beaten into powder,
it is usually given in fluxes.

_Rhaphani, Domesticœ and Sylvestris._ Of Raddishes, garden and wild.
Garden Raddishes provoke urine, break the stone, and purge by urine
exceedingly, yet breed very bad blood, are offensive to the stomach,
and hard of digestion, hot and dry in quality. Wild, or Horse
Raddishes, such as grow in ditches, are hotter and drier than the
former, and more effectual.

_Rhodie Rad._ Rose Root. Stamped and applied to the head it mitigates
the pains thereof, being somewhat cool in quality.

_Rhabarbari Monachorum._ Monks Rhubarb, or Bastard-Rhubarb, it also
purges, and cleanses the blood, and opens obstructions of the liver.

_Rubiæ tinctorum._ Of Madder. It is both drying and binding, yet not
without some opening quality, for it helps the yellow jaundice, and
therefore opens obstructions of the liver and gall; it is given with
good success, to such as have had bruises by falls, stops looseness,
the hemorrhoids, and the menses.

_Rusci._ Of Knee-holly or Butchers-broom, or Bruscus. They are meanly
hot and dry, provoke urine, break the stone, and help such as cannot
evacuate urine freely. Use them like grass roots.

_Sambuci._ Of Elder. I know no wonders the root will do.

_Sarsæ-Parigliæ._ Of Sarsa-Parilla, or Bind-weed; somewhat hot and dry,
helpful against pains in the head, and joints; they provoke sweat, and
are used familiarly in drying diet drinks.

_Satyrij utriusque._ Of Satyrion, each sort. They are hot and moist in
temper, provoke venery, and increase seed; each branch bears two roots,
both spongy, yet the one more solid than the other, which is of most
virtue, and indeed only to be used, for some say the most spongy root
is quite contrary in operation to the other, as the one increaseth, the
other decreaseth.

_Saxifragiæ albæ._ Of white Saxifrage, in _Sussex_ we call them
Lady-smocks. The roots powerfully break the stone, expel wind, provoke
urine, and cleanse the reins.

_Sanguisorbæ._ A kind of Burnet.

_Scabiosa._ Of Scabious. The roots either boiled, or beaten into
powder, and so taken, help such as are extremely troubled with scabs
and itch, are medicinal in the french disease, hard swellings, inward
wounds, being of a drying, cleansing, and healing faculty.

_Scordij._ Of Scordium, or Water-Germander. See the herb.

_Scillæ._ Of Squills. See vinegar, and wine of Squills, in the compound.

_Scropulariæ, &c._ Of Figwort. The roots being of the same virtue with
the herb, I refer you thither.

_Scorzoneræ._ Of Vipers grass. The root cheers the heart, and
strengthens the vital spirits, resists poison, helps passions and
tremblings of the heart, faintness, sadness, and melancholy, opens
stoppings of the liver and spleen, provokes the menses, ease women of
the fits of the mother, and helps swimmings in the head.

_Seseleos._ Of Seseli, or Hartwort. The roots provoke urine, and help
the falling-sickness.

_Sisari, secacul._ Of Scirrets. They are hot and moist, of good
nourishment, something windy, as all roots are; by reason of which,
they provoke venery, they stir up appetite, and provoke urine.

_Sconchi._ Of Sow-thistles. See the herb.

_Spinæ albæ, Bedeguar._ The Arabians called our Ladies-thistles by
that name; the roots of which are drying and binding, stop fluxes,
bleeding, take away cold swellings, and ease the pains of the teeth.

_Spatulæ fœtidæ._ Stinking Gladon, a kind of Flower-de-luce, called
so for its unsavory smell. It is hot and dry in the third degree;
outwardly they help the king’s evil, soften hard swellings, draw out
broken bones: inwardly taken, they help convulsions, ruptures, bruises,
infirmities of the lungs.

_Tamarisci._ Of Tamaris. See the herbs, and barks.

_Tanaceti._ Of Tansie. The root eaten, is a singular remedy for the
gout: the rich may bestow the cost to preserve it.

_Thapsi, &c._ A venomous foreign root: therefore no more of it.

_Tormentillæ._ Of Tormentil. A kind of Sinqfoil; dry in the third
degree, but moderately hot; good in pestilences, provokes sweat, stays
vomiting, cheers the heart, expels poison.

_Trifolij._ Of Trefoil. See the herb.

_Tribuli Aquatici._ Of Water Caltrops. The roots lie too far under
water for me to reach to.

_Trachellij._ Of Throat-wort: by some called Canterbury Bells: by some
Coventry Bells. They help diseases and ulcers in the throat.

_Trinitatis herbæ._ Hearts-ease, or Pansies. I know no great virtue
they have.

_Tunicis._ I shall tell you the virtue when I know what it is.

_Tripolij._ The root purges flegm, expels poison.

_Turbith._ The root purges flegm, (being hot in the third degree)
chiefly from the exterior parts of the body: it is corrected with
ginger, or Mastich. Let not the vulgar be too busy with it.

_Tuburnum._ Or Toad-stools. Whether these be roots or no, it matters
not much: for my part I know but little need of them, either in food
or physic.

_Victorialis._ A foreign kind of Garlick. They say, being hung about
the neck of cattle that are blind suddenly, it helps them; and defends
those that bear it, from evil spirits.

Swallow-wort, and teazles were handled before.

_Ulmariæ, Reginæ, prati, &c._ Mead-sweet. Cold and dry, binding, stops
fluxes, and the immoderate flowing of the menses: you may take a dram
at a time.

_Urticæ._ Of Nettles. See the leaves.

_Zedoariæ._ Of Zedoary, or Setwall. This and _Zurumbet_, according to
_Rhasis_, and _Mesue_, are all one; _Avicenna_ thinks them different:
I hold with _Mesue_; indeed they differ in form, for the one is long,
the other round; they are both hot and dry in the second degree, expel
wind, resist poison, stop fluxes, and the menses, stay vomiting, help
the cholic, and kill worms; you may take half a dram at a time.

_Zingiberis._ Of Ginger. Helps digestion, warms the stomach, clears the
sight, and is profitable for old men: heats the joints, and therefore
is profitable against the gout, expels wind; it is hot and dry in the
second degree.


BARKS.

_A Pil Rad._ Of the roots of Smallage. Take notice here, that the Barks
both of this root, as also of Parsley, Fennel, &c. is all of the root
which is in use, neither can it properly be called bark, for it is all
the root, the hard pith in the middle excepted, which is always thrown
away, when the roots are used. It is something hotter and drier than
Parsley, and more medicinal; it opens stoppings, provokes urine, helps
digestion, expels wind, and warms a cold stomach: use them like grass
roots.

_Avellanarum._ Of Hazel. The rind of the tree provokes urine, breaks
the stone; the husks and shells of the nuts, dried and given in powder,
stay the immoderate flux of the menses.

_Aurantiorum._ Of Oranges. Both these, and also Lemons and Citrons,
are of different qualities: the outward bark, _viz._ what looks red,
is hot and dry, the white is cold and moist, the juice colder than it,
the seeds hot and dry; the outward bark is that which here I am to
speak to, it is somewhat hotter than either that of Lemons or Citrons,
therefore it warms a cold stomach more, and expels wind better, but
strengthens not the heart so much.

_Berber, &c._ Barberries. The Rind of the tree according to _Clœsius_,
being steeped in wine, and the wine drank, purges choler, and is a
singular remedy for the yellow jaundice. Boil it in white wine and
drink it. See the directions at the beginning.

_Cassia Lignea, &c._ It is something more oily than Cinnamon, yet the
virtues being not much different, I refer you thither.

_Capparis Rad._ Of Caper roots. See the roots.

_Castanearum._ Of Chesnuts. The bark of the Chesnut tree is dry and
binding, and stops fluxes.

_Cinnamonum._ Cinnamon, and Cassia Lignea, are hot and dry in the
second degree, strengthens the stomach, help digestion, cause a sweet
breath, resist poison, provoke urine, and the menses, cause speedy
delivery in women to travail, help coughs and defluxions of humours
upon the lungs, dropsy, and difficulty of urine. In ointments it takes
away red pimples, and the like deformities from the face. There is
scarce a better remedy for women in labour, than a dram of Cinnamon
newly beaten into powder, and taken in white wine.

_Citrij._ Of Pome Citrons. The outward pill, which I suppose is that
which is meant here: It strengthens the heart, resists poison, amends
a stinking breath, helps digestion, comforts a cold stomach.

_Ebuli Rad._ Of the roots of Dwarf-Elder, or Walwort. See the herbs.

_Enulæ._ Of Elecampane. See the roots.

_Esulæ Rad._ See the roots.

_Fabarum._ Of Beans. Bean Cods (or Pods, as we in _Sussex_ call them)
being bruised, the ashes are a sovereign remedy for aches in the
joints, old bruises, gouts, and sciaticas.

_Fœniculi Rad._ Of Fennel roots. See the roots, and remember the
observation given in Smallage at the beginning of the barks.

_Fraxini Rad._ Of the bark of Ash-tree roots. The bark of the tree,
helps the rickets, is moderately hot and dry, stays vomiting; being
burnt, the ashes made into an ointment, helps leprosy and other
deformity of the skin, eases pains of the spleen. You may lay the bark
to steep in white wine for the rickets, and when it hath stood so for
two or three days, let the diseased child drink now and then a spoonful
of it.

_Granatorum._ Of Pomegranates. The rind cools, and forcibly binds,
stays fluxes, and the menses, helps digestion, strengthens weak
stomachs, fastens the teeth, and are good for such whose gums waste.
You may take a dram of it at a time inwardly. Pomegranate flowers are
of the same virtue.

_Gatrujaci._ See the wood.

_Juglandium Virid._ Of green Walnuts. As for the outward green bark of
Walnuts, I suppose the best time to take them is before the Walnuts
be shelled at all, and then you may take nuts and all (if they may
properly be called nuts at such a time) you shall find them exceeding
comfortable to the stomach, they resist poison, and are a most
excellent preservative against the plague, inferior to none: they are
admirable for such as are troubled with consumptions of the lungs.

_Lauri._ Of the Bay-tree. See the root.

_Limonum._ Of Lemons. The outward peel is of the nature of Citron, but
helps not so effectually; however, let the poor country man that cannot
get the other, use this.

_Mandragora Rad._ Be pleased to look back to the root.

_Myrobalanorum._ Of Myrobalans. See the fruits.

_Macis._ Of Mace. It is hot in the third degree, strengthens the
stomach and heart exceedingly, and helps concoction.

_Maceris, &c._ It is held to be the inner bark of Nutmeg-tree, helps
fluxes and spitting of blood.

_Petroselini Rad._ Of Parsley root: opens obstructions, provokes urine
and the menses, warms a cold stomach, expels wind, and breaks the
stone. Use them as grass roots, and take out the inner pith as you were
taught in smallage roots.

_Prunelli Silvestris._ Of Sloe-tree. I know no use of it.

_Pinearum putaminae._ Pine shucks, or husks. I suppose they mean of the
cones that hold the seeds; both those and also the bark of the tree,
stop fluxes, and help the lungs.

_Querci._ Of Oak-tree. Both the bark of the oak, and Acorn Cups are
drying and cold, binding, stop fluxes and the menses, as also the
running of the reins; have a care how you use them before due purging.

_Rhaphani._ Of Radishes. I could never see any bark they had.

_Suberis._ Of Cork. It is good for something else besides to stop
bottles: being dry and binding, stanches blood, helps fluxes,
especially the ashes of it being burnt. _Paulus._

_Sambuci, &c._ Of Elder roots and branches; purges water, helps the
dropsy.

_Cort. Medius Tamaricis._ The middle Bark of Tameris, eases the spleen,
helps the rickets. Use them as Ash-tree bark.

_Tillim._ Of Line-tree. Boiled, the water helps burnings.

_Thuris._ Of Frankinsenses. I must plead _Ignoramus_.

_Ulmi._ Of Elm. Moderately hot and cleansing, good for wounds, burns,
and broken bones, _viz._ boiled in water and the grieved place bathed
with it.


WOODS AND THEIR CHIPS, OR
RASPINGS.

_A Gallochus, Lignum Aloes._ Wood of Aloes; is moderately hot and dry:
a good cordial: a rich perfume, a great strengthener to the stomach.

_Aspalathus._ Rose-wood. It is moderately hot and dry, stops looseness,
provokes urine, and is excellent to cleanse filthy ulcers.

_Bresilium._ Brasil. All the use I know of it is, to die cloth, and
leather, and make red ink.

_Buxus._ Box. Many Physicians have written of it, but no physical
virtue of it.

_Cypressus._ Cypress. The Wood laid amongst cloaths, secures them from
moths. See the leaves.

_Ebenum._ Ebony. It is held to clear the sight, being either boiled in
wine, or burnt to ashes.

_Guajacum, Lignum vitm._ Dries, attenuates, causes sweat, resists
putrefaction, is good for the French disease, as also for ulcers,
scabs, and leprosy: it is used in diet drinks.

_Juniperus._ Juniper. The smoak of the wood, drives away serpents; the
ashes of it made into lie, cures itch, and scabs.

_Nephriticum._ It is a light wood and comes from _Hispaniola_; being
steeped in water, will soon turn it blue, it is hot and dry in the
first degree, and so used as before, is an admirable remedy for the
stone, and for obstructions of the liver and spleen.

_Rhodium._ Encreases milk in nurses.

_Santalum, album, Rubrum, citrinum._ White, red, and yellow Sanders:
They are all cold and dry in the second or third degree: the red stops
defluxions from any part, and helps inflammations: the white and yellow
(of which the yellow is best) cool the heat of fevers, strengthen the
heart, and cause cheerfulness.

_Sassafras._ Is hot and dry in the second degree, it opens obstructions
or stoppings, it strengthens the breast exceedingly; if it be weakened
through cold, it breaks the stone, stays vomiting, provokes urine, and
is very profitable in the venereal, used in diet drinks.

_Tamaris._ Is profitable for the rickets, and burnings.

_Xylobalsamum._ Wood of the Balsam tree, it is hot and dry in the
second degree, according to Galen. I never read any great virtues of it.


HERBS AND THEIR LEAVES.

_A Brotanum, mas, fœmina._ Southernwood, male and female. It is hot
and dry in the third degree, resists poison, kills worms; outwardly
in plaisters, it dissolves cold swellings, and helps the bitings of
venomous beasts, makes hair grow: take not above half a dram at a time
in powder.

_Absinthium, &c._ Wormwood. Its several sorts, are all hot and dry
in the second or third degrees, the common Wormwood is thought to be
hottest, they all help weakness of the stomach, cleanse choler, kill
worms, open stoppings, help surfeits, clear the sight, resist poison,
cleanse the blood, and secure cloaths from moths.

_Abugilissa, &c._ Alkanet. The leaves are something drying and binding,
but inferior in virtue to the roots, to which I refer you.

_Acetosa._ Sorrel. Is moderately cold dry and binding, cuts tough
humours, cools the brain, liver and stomach, cools the blood in fevers,
and provokes appetite.

_Acanthus._ Bears-breech, or Branks ursine, is temperate, something
moist. See the root.

_Adiantum, Album, nigrum._ Maiden hair, white and black. They are
temperate, yet drying. White Maiden hair is that we usually call
Wall-rue; they both open obstructions, cleanse the breast and lungs of
gross slimy humours, provoke urine, help ruptures and shortness of wind.

_Adiantum Aurcum Politrycum._ Golden Maiden-hair. Its temperature and
virtues are the same with the former; helps the spleen; burned, and lye
made with the ashes, keeps the hair from falling off the head.

_Agrimonia._ Agrimony. _Galen’s Eupatorium._ It is hot and dry in
the first degree, binding, it amends the infirmities of the liver,
helps such as evacuate blood instead of water, helps inward wounds,
opens obstructions. Outwardly applied it helps old sores, ulcers, &c.
Inwardly, it helps the jaundice and the spleen. Take a dram of this or
that following, inwardly in white wine, or boil the herb in white wine,
and drink the decoction. _Galen, Pliny, Dioscorides, Serapio._

_Ageretum._ Hot and dry in the second degree, provokes urine and the
menses, dries the brain, opens stoppings, helps the green sickness, and
profits such as have a cold, weak liver; outwardly applied, it takes
away the hardness of the matrix, and fills hollow ulcers with flesh.

_Agnus Castus, &c._ Chast-tree. The leaves are hot and dry in the third
degree; expel wind, consume the seed, cause chastity being only borne
about one; it dissolves swellings of the testicles, being applied to
them, head-ache, and lethargy.

_Allajula, Lujula, &c._ Wood Sorrel. It is of the temperature of other
Sorrel, and held to be more cordial; cools the blood, helps ulcers in
the mouth; hot defluxions upon the lungs, wounds, ulcers, &c.

_Alcea._ Vervain Mallow. The root helps fluxes and burstness. _Ætius,
Dioscorides._

_Allium._ Garlick. Hot and dry in the fourth degree, troublesome to the
stomach; it dulls the sight, spoils a clear skin, resists poison, eases
the pains of the teeth, helps the bitings of mad dogs, and venomous
beasts, helps ulcers, leprosies, provokes urine, is exceedingly
opening, and profitable for dropsies.

_Althæa, &c._ Marsh-Mallows. Are moderately hot and drier than other
Mallows; they help digestion, and mitigate pain, ease the pains of the
stone, and in the sides. Use them as you were taught in the roots,
whose virtues they have, and both together will do better.

_Alsine._ Chickweed. Is cold and moist without any binding, assuages
swelling, and comforts the sinews much; therefore it is good for such
as are shrunk up; it dissolves aposthumes, hard swellings, and helps
mange in the hands and legs, outwardly applied in a pultis. _Galen._

_Alchymilla._ Ladies-Mantle. Is hot and dry, some say in the second
degree, some say in the third: outwardly it helps wounds, reduces
women’s breasts that hang down: inwardly, helps bruises, and ruptures,
stays vomiting, and the Fluor Albus, and is very profitable for such
women as are subject to miscarry through cold and moisture.

_Alkanna._ Privet hath a binding quality, helps ulcers in the mouth, is
good against burnings and scaldings, cherishes the nerves and sinews;
boil it in white wine to wash the mouth, and in hog’s grease for
burnings and scaldings.

_Amaracus, Majorana._ Marjoram. Some say ’tis hot and dry in the second
degree, some advance it to the third. Sweet Marjoram, is an excellent
remedy for cold diseases in the brain, being only smelled to helps
such as are given to much sighing, easeth pains in the belly, provokes
urine, being taken inwardly: you may take a dram of it at a time in
powder. Outwardly in oils or salves, it helps sinews that are shrunk;
limbs out of joint, all aches and swellings coming of a cold cause.

_Angelica._ Is hot and dry in the third degree; opens, digests, makes
thin, strengthens the heart, helps fluxes, and loathsomeness of meat.
It is an enemy to poison and pestilence, provokes menses, and brings
away the placanta. You may take a dram of it at a time in powder.

_Anagallis, mas, femina._ Pimpernel, male and female. They are
something hot and dry, and of such a drying quality that they draw
thorns and splinters out of the flesh, amend the sight, cleanse ulcers,
help infirmities of the liver and reins. _Galen._

_Anethum._ Dill. Is hot and dry in the second degree. It stays
vomiting, eases hiccoughs, assuages swellings, provokes urine, helps
such as are troubled with fits of the mother, and digests raw humours.

_Apium._ Smallage; So it is commonly used; but indeed all Parsley is
called by the name of Apium, of which this is one kind. It is something
hotter and dryer than Parsley, and more efficacious; it opens stoppings
of the liver, and spleen, cleanses the blood, provokes the menses,
helps a cold stomach to digest its meat, and is good against the yellow
jaundice. Both Smallage and Clevers, may be well used in pottage in the
morning instead of herbs.

_Aparine._ Goose-grass, or Clevers: They are meanly hot and dry,
cleansing, help the bitings of venomous beasts, keep men’s bodies from
growing too fat, help the yellow jaundice, stay bleeding, fluxes, and
help green wounds. _Dioscorides, Pliny, Galen, Tragus._

_Aspergula odorata._ Wood-roof: Cheers the heart, makes men merry,
helps melancholy, and opens the stoppings of the liver.

_Aquilegia._ Columbines: help sore throats, are of a drying, binding
quality.

_Argentina._ Silver-weed, or Wild Tansy; cold and dry almost in the
third degree; stops lasks, fluxes, and the menses, good against ulcers,
the stone, and inward wounds: easeth gripings in the belly, fastens
loose teeth: outwardly it takes away freckles, morphew, and sunburning,
it takes away inflammations, and bound to the wrists stops the violence
of the fits of the ague.

_Artanita._ Sow-bread: hot and dry in the third degree, it is a
dangerous purge: outwardly in ointments it takes away freckles,
sunburning, and the marks which the small pox leaves behind them:
dangerous for pregnant women.

_Aristolochia, longa, rotunda._ Birth-wort long and round. See the
roots.

_Artemisia._ Mugwort: is hot and dry in the second degree: binding: an
herb appropriated to the female sex; it brings down the menses, brings
away both birth and placenta, eases pains in the matrix. You may take a
dram at a time.

_Asparagus._ See the roots.

_Asarum, &c._ Asarabacca: hot and dry; provokes vomiting and urine, and
are good for dropsies. They are corrected with mace or cinnamon.

_Atriplex, &c._ Orach, or Arrach. It is cold in the first degree, and
moist in the second, saith _Galen_, and makes the belly soluble. It is
an admirable remedy for the fits of the mother, and other infirmities
of the matrix, and therefore the Latins called it _Vulvaria_.

_Aricula muris, major._ Mouse-ear: hot and dry, of a binding quality,
it is admirable to heal wounds, inward or outward, as also ruptures
or burstness: Edge-tools quenched in the juice of it, will cut iron
without turning the edge, as easy as they will lead: And, lastly, it
helps the swelling of the spleen, coughs and consumptions, of the
lungs.

_Attractivis hirsuta._ Wild Bastard-saffron, Distaff-thistle, or
Spindle-thistle. Is dry and moderately digesting, helps the biting of
venomous beasts: _Mesue_ saith, it is hot in the first degree, and dry
in the second, and cleanseth the breast and lungs of tough flegm.

_Balsamita, &c._ Costmary, Alecost: See Maudlin.

_Barbajovis, sedum majus._ Houseleek or Sengreen: cold in the third
degree, profitable against the Shingles, and other hot creeping ulcers,
inflammations, _St. Anthony’s_ fire, frenzies; it cools and takes away
corns from the toes, being bathed with the juice of it, and a skin of
the leaf laid over the place; stops fluxes, helps scalding and burning.

_Bardana._ Clot-bur, or Bur-dock: temperately dry and wasting,
something cooling; it is held to be good against the shrinking of the
sinews; eases pains in the bladder, and provokes urine. Also _Mizaldus_
saith, that a leaf applied to the top of the head of a woman draws
the matrix upwards, but applied to the soles of the feet draws it
downwards, and is therefore an admirable remedy for suffocations,
precipitations, and dislocations of the matrix, if a wise man have but
the using of it.

_Beta, alba, nigra, rubra._ Beets, white, black, and red; black Beets
I have no knowledge of. The white are something colder and moister
than the red, both of them loosen the belly, but have little or no
nourishment. The white provoke to stool, and are more cleansing, open
stoppings of the liver and spleen, help the vertigo or swimming in the
head: The red stay fluxes, help the immoderate flowing of the menses,
and are good in the yellow jaundice.

_Benedicta Cariphyllara._ Avens: hot and dry, help the cholic and
rawness of the stomach, stitches in the sides, and take away clotted
blood in any part of the body.

_Betonica vulgaris._ Common or Wood Betony: hot and dry in the second
degree, helps the falling sickness and all head-aches coming of cold,
cleanses the breast and lungs, opens stoppings of the liver and spleen,
as the rickets, &c. procures appetite, helps sour belchings, provokes
urine, breaks the stone, mitigates the pains of the reins and bladder,
helps cramps, and convulsions, resists poison, helps the gout, such as
evacuate blood, madness and head-ache, kills worms, helps bruises, and
cleanseth women after labour: You may take a dram of it at a time in
white wine, or any other convenient liquor proper against the disease
you are afflicted with.

_Betonica Pauli, &c._ Paul’s Betony, or Male Lluellin, to which add
_Elative_, or Female Lluellin, which comes afterwards; they are pretty
temperate, stop defluxions of humours that fall from the head into the
eyes, are profitable in wounds, help filthy foul eating cankers.

_Betonica Coronaria, &c._ Is Clove Gilli-flowers. See the flowers.

_Bellis._ Dasies: are cold and moist in the second degree, they ease
all pains and swellings coming of heat, in clysters they loose the
belly, are profitable in fevers and inflammations of the testicles,
they take away bruises, and blackness and blueness; they are admirable
in wounds and inflammations of the lungs or blood.

_Blitum._ Blites. Some say they are cold and moist, others cold and
dry: none mention any great virtues of them.

_Borrago._ Borrage: hot and moist, comforts the heart, cheers the
spirits, drives away sadness and melancholy, they are rather laxative
than binding; help swooning and heart-qualms, breed good blood, help
consumptions, madness, and such as are much weakened by sickness.

_Bonus Henricus._ Good Henry, or all good; hot and dry, cleansing and
scouring, inwardly taken it loosens the belly; outwardly it cleanseth
old sores and ulcers.

_Botrys._ Oak of Jerusalem: hot and dry in the second degree, helps
such as are short-winded, cuts and wastes gross and tough flegm, laid
among cloaths they preserve them from moths, and give them a sweet
smell.

_Branca ursina._ Bears-breech.

_Brionia, &c._ Briony, white and black; both are hot and dry in
the third degree, purge violently, yet are held to be wholesome
physic for such as have dropsies, vertigo, or swimming in the head,
falling-sickness, &c. Certainly it is a strong, troublesome purge,
therefore not to be tampered with by the unskilful, outwardly in
ointments it takes away freckles, wrinkles, morphew, scars, spots, &c.
from the face.

_Bursa pastoris._ Shepherd’s Purse, is manifestly cold and dry, though
_Lobel_ and _Pena_ thought the contrary; it is binding and stops blood,
the menses; and cools inflammations.

_Buglossom._ Buglosse. Its virtues are the same with Borrage.

_Bugula._ Bugle, or Middle Comfrey; is temperate for heat, but very
drying, excellent for falls or inward bruises, for it dissolves
congealed blood, profitable for inward wounds, helps the rickets and
other stoppings of the liver; outwardly it is of wonderful force in
curing wounds and ulcers, though festered, as also gangreens and
fistulas, it helps broken bones, and dislocations. Inwardly you may
take it in powder a dram at a time, or drink the decoction of it in
white-wine: being made into an ointment with hog’s grease, you shall
find it admirable in green wounds.

_Buphthalmum, &c._ Ox eye. _Matthiolus_ saith they are commonly used
for black Hellebore, to the virtues of which I refer.

_Buxus._ Boxtree: the leaves are hot, dry, and binding, they are
profitable against the biting of mad dogs; both taken inwardly boiled
and applied to the place: besides they are good to cure horses of the
bots.

_Calamintha, Montana, Palustris._ Mountain and Water Calamint: For
the Water Calamint: see mints, than which it is accounted stronger.
Mountain Calamint, is hot and dry in the third degree, provokes urine
and the menses, hastens the birth in women, brings away the placenta,
helps cramps, convulsions, difficulty of breathing, kills worms, helps
the dropsy: outwardly used, it helps such as hold their necks on one
side: half a dram is enough at one time. _Galen, Dioscorides, Apuleius._

_Calendula, &c._ Marigolds. The leaves are hot in the second degree,
and something moist, loosen the belly: the juice held in the mouth,
helps the toothache, and takes away any inflammation or hot swelling
being bathed with it, mixed with a little vinegar.

_Callitricum._ Maiden-hair. See _Adianthum_.

_Caprisolium._ Honey-suckles: The leaves are hot, and therefore naught
for inflammations of the mouth and throat, for which the ignorant
people oftentime give them: and _Galen_ was true in this, let modern
writers write their pleasure. If you chew but a leaf of it in your
mouth, experience will tell you that it is likelier to cause, than
to cure a sore throat, they provoke urine, and purge by urine, bring
speedy delivery to women in travail, yet procure barrenness and hinder
conception, outwardly they dry up foul ulcers, and cleanse the face
from morphew, sun-burning and freckles.

_Carduncellus, &c._ Groundsell. Cold and moist according to _Tragus_,
helps the cholic, and gripings in the belly, helps such as cannot make
water, cleanses the reins, purges choler and sharp humours: the usual
way of taking it is to boil it in water with currants, and so eat it.
I hold it to be a wholesome and harmless purge. Outwardly it easeth
women’s breasts that are swollen and inflamed; as also inflammations of
the joints, nerves, or sinews. _Ægineta._

_Carduus B. Mariæ._ Our Ladies Thistles. They are far more temperate
than _Carduus Benedictus_, open obstructions of the liver, help the
jaundice and dropsy, provoke urine, break the stone.

_Carduus Benedictus._ _Blessed Thistle_, but better known by the Latin
name: it is hot and dry in the second degree, cleansing and opening,
helps swimming and giddiness in the head, deafness, strengthens the
memory, helps griping pains in the belly, kills worms, provokes sweat,
expels poison, helps inflammation of the liver, is very good in
pestilence and venereal: outwardly applied, it ripens plague-sores, and
helps hot swellings, the bitings of mad dogs and venomous beasts, and
foul filthy ulcers. Every one that can but make a Carduus posset, knows
how to use it. _Camerarius, Arnuldus velanovanus._

_Chalina._ See the roots, under the name of white Chameleon.

_Corallina._ A kind of Sea Moss: cold, binding, drying, good for hot
gouts, inflammations: also they say it kills worms, and therefore by
some is called Maw-wormseed.

_Cussutha, cascuta, potagralini._ Dodder. See _Epithimum_.

_Caryophyllata._ Avens, or Herb Bennet, hot and dry: they help the
cholic, rawness of the stomach, stitches in the sides, stoppings of the
liver, and bruises.

_Cataputia minor._ A kind of Spurge. See _Tythymalus_.

_Cattaria, Nepeta._ Nep, or Catmints. The virtues are the same with
Calaminth.

_Cauda Equina._ Horse-tail; is of a binding drying quality, cures
wounds, and is an admirable remedy for sinews that are shrunk: it is a
sure remedy for bleeding at the nose, or by wound, stops the menses,
fluxes, ulcers in the reins and bladder, coughs, ulcers in the lungs,
difficulty of breathing.

_Caulis, Brassica hortensis, silvestris._ Colewort, or Cabbages, garden
and wild. They are drying and binding, help dimness of the sight: help
the spleen, preserve from drunkenness, and help the evil effects of it:
provoke the menses.

_Centaurium, majus, minus._ Centaury the greater and less. They say the
greater will do wonders in curing wounds: see the root. The less is a
present remedy for the yellow jaundice, opens stoppings of the liver,
gall, and spleen: purges choler, helps gout, clears the sight, purgeth
the stomach, helps the dropsy and green sickness. It is only the tops
and flowers which are useful, of which you may take a dram inwardly in
powder, or half a handful boiled in posset-drink at a time.

_Centinodium, &c._ Knotgrass: cold in the second degree, helps spitting
and other evacuations of blood, stops the menses and all other fluxes
of blood, vomiting of blood, gonorrhæa, or running of the reins,
weakness of the back and joints, inflammations of the privities, and
such as make water by drops, and it is an excellent remedy for hogs
that will not eat their meat. Your only way is to boil it, it is in
its prime about the latter end of _July_, or beginning of _August_:
at which time being gathered it may be kept dry all the year.
_Brassavolus, Camerarius._

_Caryfolium vulgare et Myrrhis._ Common and great chervil: Take them
both together, and they are temperately hot and dry, provoke urine,
stir up venery, comfort the heart, and are good for old people; help
pleurises and pricking in the sides.

_Cæpea, Anagallis aquatica._ Brooklime, hot and dry, but not so hot and
dry as Water cresses; they help mangy horses; see Water cresses.

_Ceterach, &c._ Spleenwort: moderately hot, waste and consumes the
spleen, insomuch that _Vitruvius_ affirms he hath known hogs that have
fed upon it, that have had (when they were killed) no spleens at all.
It is excellently good for melancholy people, helps the stranguary,
provokes urine, and breaks the stone in the bladder, boil it and
drink the decoction; but because a little boiling will carry away the
strength of it in vapours, let it boil but very little, and let it
stand close stopped till it be cold before you strain it out; this is
the general rule for all simples of this nature.

_Chamapitys._ Ground-pine; hot in the second degree, and dry in the
third, helps the jaundice, sciatica, stopping of the liver, and spleen,
provokes the menses, cleanses the entrails, dissolves congealed blood,
resists poison, cures wounds and ulcers. Strong bodies may take a dram,
and weak bodies half a dram of it in powder at a time.

_Chamæmelum, sativum, sylvestre._ Garden and Wild Chamomel. Garden
Chamomel, is hot and dry in the first degree, and as gallant a medicine
against the stone in the bladder as grows upon the earth, you may take
it inwardly, I mean the decoction of it, being boiled in white wine, or
inject the juice of it into the bladder with a syringe. It expels wind,
helps belchings, and potently provokes the menses: used in baths, it
helps pains in the sides, gripings and gnawings in the belly.

_Chamædris, &c._ Germander: hot and dry in the third degree; cuts and
brings away tough humours, opens stoppings of the liver and spleen,
helps coughs and shortness of breath, stranguary and stopping of urine,
and provokes the menses; half a dram is enough to take at a time.

_Chelidonium utrumque._ Celandine both sorts. Small Celandine is
usually called Pilewort; it is something hotter and dryer than the
former, it helps the hemorrhoids or piles, bruised and applied to the
grief. Celandine the greater is hot and dry (they say in the third
degree) any way used; either the juice or made into an oil or ointment,
it is a great preserver of the sight, and an excellent help for the
eyes.

_Cinara, &c._ Artichokes. They provoke venery, and purge by urine.

_Cichorium._ Succory, to which add Endive which comes after. They are
cold and dry in the second degree, cleansing and opening; they cool
the heats of the liver, and are profitable in the yellow jaundice, and
burning fevers; help excoriations in the privities, hot stomachs; and
outwardly applied, help hot rheums in the eyes.

_Cicuta._ Hemlock: cold in the fourth degree, poisonous: outwardly
applied, it helps _Priapismus_, the shingles, _St. Anthony’s fire_, or
any eating ulcers.

_Clematis Daphnoides, Vinca provinca._ Periwinkle. Hot in the second
degree, something dry and binding; stops lasks, spitting of blood, and
the menses.

_Consolida major._ Comfrey, I do not conceive the leaves to be so
virtuous as the roots.

_Consolida media._ Bugles, of which before.

_Consolida minima._ Daises.

_Consolida rubra._ Golden Rod: hot and dry in the second degree,
cleanses the reins, provokes urine, brings away the gravel: an
admirable herb for wounded people to take inwardly, stops blood, &c.

_Consolida Regalis, Delphinium._ Lark heels: resist poison, help the
bitings of venomous beasts.

_Saracenica Solidago._ Saracens Confound. Helps inward wounds, sore
mouths, sore throats, wasting of the lungs, and liver.

_Coronepus._ Buchorn Plantane, or Sea-plantain: cold and dry, helps the
bitings of venomous beasts, either taken inwardly, or applied to the
wound: helps the cholic, breaks the stone. _Ægineta._

_Coronaria._ Hath got many English names. Cottonweed, Cudweed,
Chaffweed, and Petty Cotton. Of a drying and binding nature; boiled in
lye, it keeps the head from nits and lice; being laid among clothes, it
keeps them safe from moths, kills worms, helps the bitings of venomous
beasts; taken in a tobacco-pipe, it helps coughs of the lungs, and
vehement headaches.

_Cruciata._ Crosswort: (there is a kind of Gentian called also by this
name, which I pass by) is drying and binding, exceeding good for inward
or outward wounds, either inwardly taken, or outwardly applied: and an
excellent remedy for such as are bursten.

_Crassula._ Orpine. Very good: outwardly used with vinegar, it clears
the skin; inwardly taken, it helps gnawings of the stomach and bowels,
ulcers in the lungs, bloody-flux, and quinsy in the throat, for which
last disease it is inferior to none, take not too much of it at a time,
because of its coolness.

_Crithamus, &c._ Sampire. Hot and dry, helps difficulty of urine, the
yellow jaundice, provokes the menses, helps digestion, opens stoppings
of the liver and spleen. _Galen._

_Cucumis Asininus._ Wild Cucumbers. See _Elaterium_.

_Cyanus major, minor._ Blue bottle, great and small, a fine cooling
herb, helps bruises, wounds, broken veins; the juice dropped into the
eye, helps the inflammations thereof.

_Cygnoglossam._ Hound’s-Tongue, cold and dry: applied to the fundament
helps the hemorrhoids, heals wounds and ulcers, and is a present remedy
against the bitings of dogs, burnings and scaldings.

_Cypressus, Chamœ Cyparissus._ Cypress-tree. The leaves are hot and
binding, help ruptures, and _Polypus_ or flesh growing on the nose.

_Chamæ cyparissus._ Is Lavender Cotton. Resists poison, and kills worms.

_Disetamnus Cretensis._ Dictamny, or Dittany of _Creet_, hot and dry,
brings away dead children, hastens delivery, brings away the placenta,
the very smell of it drives away venomous beasts, so deadly an enemy
it is to poison; it is an admirable remedy against wounds and gunshot,
wounds made with poisoned weapons, it draws out splinters, broken
bones, &c. The dose from half a dram to a dram.

_Dipsacus, sativ. sylv._ Teazles, garden and wild, the leaves bruised
and applied to the temples, allay the heat in fevers, qualify the rage
in frenzies; the juice dropped into the ears, kills worms in them,
dropped into the eyes, clears the sight, helps redness and pimples in
the face, being anointed with it.

_Ebulus._ Dwarf Elder, or Walwort. Hot and dry in the third degree;
waste hard swellings, being applied in form of a poultice; the hair of
the head anointed with the juice of it turns it black; the leaves being
applied to the place, help inflammations, burnings, scaldings, the
bitings of mad dogs; mingled with bulls suet is a present remedy for
the gout; inwardly taken, is a singular purge for the dropsy and gout.

_Echium._ Viper’s-bugloss, Viper’s-herb, Snake bugloss, Wal-bugloss,
Wild-bugloss, several counties give it these several names: It is
a singular remedy being eaten, for the biting of venomous beasts:
continually eating of it makes the body invincible against the poison
of serpents, toads, spiders, &c. however it be administered; it
comforts the heart, expels sadness and melancholy. The rich may make
the flowers into a conserve, and the herb into a syrup, the poor may
keep it dry, both may keep it as a jewel.

_Empetron, Calcifragra, Herniaria, &c._ Rupture-wort, or Burst-wort.
The English name tells you it is good against ruptures, and so such as
are bursten shall find it, if they please to make trial of it, either
inwardly taken, or outwardly applied to the place, or both. Also the
Latin names hold it forth to be good against the stone, which whoso
tries shall find true.

_Enula Campana._ Elicampane. Provokes urine. See the root.

_Epithimum._ Dodder of Time, to which add common Dodder, which is
usually that which grows upon flax: indeed every Dodder retains a
virtue of that herb or plant it grows upon, as Dodder that grows
upon Broom, provokes urine forcibly, and loosens the belly, and is
moister than that which grows upon flax: that which grows upon time,
is hotter and dryer than that which grows upon flax, even in the third
degree, opens obstructions, helps infirmities of the spleen, purgeth
melancholy, relieves drooping spirits, helps the rickets: That which
grows on flax, is excellent for agues in young children, strengthens
weak stomachs, purgeth choler, provokes urine, opens stoppings in
the reins and bladder. That which grows upon nettles, provokes urine
exceedingly. The way of using it is to boil it in white wine, or
other convenient decoction, and boil it very little. _Ætias, Mesue,
Actuarius, Serapio, Avincena._

_Eruch._ Rocket, hot and dry in the third degree, being eaten alone,
causeth head-ache, by its heat procures urine. _Galen._

_Eupatorium._ See _Ageratum_.

_Euphragia._ Eyebright is something hot and dry, the very sight of it
refresheth the eyes; inwardly taken, it restores the sight, and makes
old men’s eyes young, a dram of it taken in the morning is worth a
pair of spectacles, it comforts and strengthens the memory, outwardly
applied to the place, it helps the eyes.

_Filix fœmina._ }
_Filicula, polypidium._ } See the roots.
_Filipendula._ }

_Malahathram._ Indian-leaf, hot and dry in the second degree, comforts
the stomach exceedingly, helps digestion, provokes urine, helps
inflammations of the eyes, secures cloaths from moths.

_Fæniculum._ Fennel, encreaseth milk in nurses, provokes urine, breaks
the stone, easeth pains in the reins, opens stoppings, breaks wind,
provokes the menses; you may boil it in white wine.

_Fragaria._ Strawberry leaves, are cold, dry, and binding, a singular
remedy for inflammations and wounds, hot diseases in the throat; they
stop fluxes and the terms, cool the heat of the stomach, and the
inflammations of the liver. The best way is to boil them in barley
water.

_Fraxinus, &c._ Ash-trees, the leaves are moderately hot and dry, cure
the bitings of Adders, and Serpents; they stop looseness, and stay
vomiting, help the rickets, open stoppages of the liver and spleen.

_Fumaria._ Fumitory: cold and dry, it opens and cleanses by urine,
helps such as are itchy, and scabbed, clears the skin, opens stoppings
of the liver and spleen, helps rickets, hypochondriac melancholy,
madness, frenzies, quartan agues, loosens the belly, gently purgeth
melancholy, and addust choler: boil it in white wine, and take this one
general rule. _All things of a cleansing or opening nature may be most
commodiously boiled in white wine._ Remember but this, and then I need
not repeat it.

_Galega._ Goat’s-rue: Temperate in quality, resists poison, kills
worms, helps the falling-sickness, resists the pestilence. You may take
a dram of it at a time in powder.

_Galion._ Ladies-bed straw: dry and binding, stanches blood, boiled in
oil, the oil is good to anoint a weary traveller; inwardly it provokes
venery.

_Gentiana._ See the root.

_Genista._ Brooms: hot and dry in the second degree, cleanse and open
the stomach, break the stone in the reins and bladder, help the green
sickness. Let such as are troubled with heart-qualms or faintings,
forbear it, for it weakens the heart and spirit vital. See the flowers.

_Geranium._ Cranebill, the divers sorts of it, one of which is that
which is called Muscata; it is thought to be cool and dry, helps hot
swellings, and by its smell amends a hot brain.

_Geranium Columbinum._ Doves-foot; helps the wind cholic, pains in the
belly, stone in the reins and bladder, and is good in ruptures, and
inward wounds. I suppose these are the general virtues of them all.

_Gramen._ Grass: See the root.

_Gratiola._ Hedge-Hyssop, purges water and flegm, but works very
churlishly. _Gesner_ commends it in dropsies.

_Asphodelus fœm._ See the root.

_Hepatica, Lichen._ Liverwort, cold and dry, good for inflammations of
the liver, or any other inflammations, yellow jaundice.

_Hedera Arborea, Terrostris._ Tree and Ground-Ivy. Tree-Ivy helps
ulcers, burnings, scaldings, the bad effects of the spleen; the juice
snuffed up the nose, purges the head, it is admirable for surfeits or
headache, or any other ill effects coming of drunkenness. Ground-Ivy
is that which usually is called Alehoof, hot and dry, the juice helps
noise in the ears, fistulas, gouts, stoppings of the liver, it
strengthens the reins and stops the menses, helps the yellow jaundice,
and other diseases coming of stoppings of the liver, and is excellent
for wounded people.

_Herba Camphorata._ Stinking Ground-pine, is of a drying quality, and
therefore stops defluxions either in the eyes or upon the lungs, the
gout, cramps, palsies, aches: strengthens the nerves.

_Herbu Paralysis, Primula veris._ Primroses, or Cowslips, which you
will. The leaves help pains in the head and joints; see the flowers
which are most in use.

_Herba Paris._ Herb True-love, or One-berry. It is good for wounds,
falls, bruises, aposthumes, inflammations, ulcers in the privities.
Herb True-love, is very cold in temperature. You may take half a dram
of it at a time in powder.

_Herba Roberti._ A kind of Cranebill.

_Herba venti, Anemone._ Wind-flower. The juice snuffed up in the nose
purgeth the head, it cleanses filthy ulcers, encreases milk in nurses,
and outwardly by ointment helps leprosies.

_Herniaria._ The same with _Empetron_.

_Helxine._ Pellitory of the wall. Cold, moist, cleansing, helps the
stone and gravel in the kidnies, difficulty of urine, sore throats,
pains in the ears, the juice being dropped in them; outwardly it helps
the shingles and _St. Anthony’s fire_.

_Hyppoglossum._ Horse-tongue, Tongue-blade or Double-Tongue. The roots
help the stranguary, provoke urine, ease the hard labour of women,
provoke the menses, the herb helps ruptures and the fits of the mother:
it is hot in the second degree, dry in the first: boil it in white wine.

_Hyppolapathum._ Patience, or Monk’s Rhubarb: see the Root.

_Hypposclinum._ Alexanders, or Alisanders: provoke urine, expel the
placenta, help the stranguary, expel wind.

Sage either taken inwardly or beaten and applied plaister-wise to the
matrix, draws forth both menses and placenta.

_Horminum._ Clary: hot and dry in the third degree; helps the weakness
in the back, stops the running of the reins, and the Fluor Albus,
provokes the menses, and helps women that are barren through coldness
or moisture, or both: causes fruitfulness, but is hurtful for the
memory. The usual way of taking it is to fry it with butter, or make a
tansy with it.

_Hydropiper._ Arsmart. Hot and dry, consumes all cold swellings and
blood congealed by bruises, and stripes; applied to the place, it
helps that aposthume in the joints, commonly called a felon: strewed
in a chamber, kills all the fleas there: this is hottest Arsmart,
and is unfit to be given inwardly: there is a milder sort, called
_Persicaria_, which is of a cooler and milder quality, drying,
excellently good for putrified ulcers, kills worms: I had almost forgot
that the former is an admirable remedy for the gout, being roasted
between two tiles and applied to the grieved place, and yet I had it
from Dr. _Butler_ too.

_Hysopus._ Hysop. Helps coughs, shortness of breath, wheezing,
distillations upon the lungs: it is of a cleansing quality: kills worms
in the body, amends the whole colour of the body, helps the dropsy and
spleen, sore throats, and noise in the ears. See Syrup of Hysop.

_Hyosciamus, &c._ Henbane. The white Henbane is held to be cold in
the third degree, the black or common Henbane and the yellow, in
the fourth. They stupify the senses, and therefore not to be taken
inwardly, outwardly applied, they help inflammations, hot gouts:
applied to the temples they provoke sleep.

_Hypericon._ St. John’s Wort. It is as gallant a wound-herb as any is,
either given inwardly, or outwardly applied to the wound: it is hot and
dry, opens stoppings, helps spitting and vomiting of blood, it cleanses
the reins, provokes the menses, helps congealed blood in the stomach
and meseraic veins, the falling-sickness, palsy, cramps and aches in
the joints; you may give it in powder or any convenient decoction.

_Hypoglottis, Laurus, Alexandrina._ Laurel of Alexandria, provokes
urine and the menses, and is held to be a singular help to women in
travail.

_Hypoglossum_, the same with _Hypoglossum_ before, only different names
given by different authors, the one deriving his name from the tongue
of a horse, of which form the leaf is; the other the form of the little
leaf, because small leaves like small tongues grow upon the greater.

_Iberis Cardamantice._ Sciatica-cresses. I suppose so called because
they help the Sciatica, or Huckle-bone Gout.

_Ingumalis, Asther._ Setwort or Shartwort: being bruised and applied,
they help swellings, botches, and venerous swellings in the groin,
whence they took their name, as also inflammation and falling out of
the fundament.

_Iris._ See the roots.

_Isatis, Glastum._ Woad. Drying and binding; the side being bathed with
it, it easeth pains in the spleen, cleanseth filthy corroding gnawing
ulcers.

_Iva Arthritica._ The same with _Camæpytis_.

_Iuncus oderatus._ The same with _Schœnanthus_.

_Labrum veneris._ The same with _Dipsacus_.

_Lactuca._ Lettice. Cold and moist, cools the inflammation of the
stomach, commonly called heart-burning: provokes sleep, resists
drunkenness, and takes away the ill effects, of it; cools the blood,
quenches thirst, breeds milk, and is good for choleric bodies, and such
as have a frenzy, or are frantic. It is more wholesome eaten boiled
than raw.

_Logabus, Herba Leporina._ A kind of Trefoil growing in _France_ and
_Spain_. Let them that live there look after the virtues of it.

_Lavendula._ Lavender: Hot and dry in the third degree: the temples
and forehead bathed with the juice of it; as also the smell of the
herb helps swoonings, catalepsis, falling-sickness, provided it be not
accompanied with a fever. See the flowers.

_Laureola._ Laurel. The leaves purge upward and downward: they are good
for rheumatic people to chew in their mouths, for they draw forth much
water.

_Laurus._ Bay-tree. The leaves are hot and dry, resist drunkenness,
they gently bind and help diseases in the bladder, help the stinging of
bees and wasps, mitigate the pain of the stomach, dry and heal, open
obstructions of the liver and spleen, resist the pestilence.

_Lappa Minor._ The lesser Burdock.

_Lentiscus._ Mastich-tree. Both the leaves and bark of it stop fluxes
(being hot and dry in the second degree) spitting and evacuations of
blood, and the falling out of the fundament.

_Lens palustris._ Duckmeat: Cold and moist in the second degree, helps
inflammations, hot swellings, and the falling out of the fundament,
being warmed and applied to the place.

_Lepidium Piperites._ Dittander, Pepperwort, or Scar-wort: A hot fiery
sharp herb, admirable for the gout being applied to the place: being
only held in the hand, it helps the tooth-ache, and withall leaves a
wan colour in the hand that holds it.

_Livisticum._ Lovage. Clears the sight, takes away redness and freckles
from the face.

_Libanotis Coronaria._ See Rosemary.

_Linaria._ Toad-flax, or Wild-flax: hot and dry, cleanses the reins and
bladder, provokes urine, opens the stoppings of the liver and spleen,
and helps diseases coming thereof: outwardly it takes away yellowness
and deformity of the skin.

_Lillium convallium._ Lilly of the Valley. See the flowers.

_Lingua Cervina._ Hart’s-tongue: drying and binding, stops blood,
the menses and fluxes, opens stoppings of the liver and spleen, and
diseases thence arising. The like quantity of Hart’s-tongue, Knotgrass
and Comfrey Roots, being boiled in water, and a draught of the
decoction drunk every morning, and the materials which have boiled
applied to the place, is a notable remedy for such as are bursten.

_Limonium._ Sea-bugloss, or Marsh-bugloss, or Sea-Lavender; the seeds
being very drying and binding, stop fluxes and the menses, help the
cholic and stranguary.

_Lotus urbana._ Authors make some flutter about this herb, I conceive
the best take it to be _Trisolium Odoratum_, Sweet Trefoyl, which is of
a temperate nature, cleanses the eyes gently of such things as hinder
the sight, cures green wounds, ruptures, or burstness, helps such as
urine blood or are bruised, and secures garments from moths.

_Lupulus._ Hops. Opening, cleansing, provoke urine, the young sprouts
open stoppings of the liver and spleen, cleanse the blood, clear the
skin, help scabs and itch, help agues, purge choler: they are usually
boiled and taken as they eat asparagus, but if you would keep them,
for they are excellent for these diseases, you may make them into a
conserve, or into a syrup.

_Lychnitis Coronaria_: or as others write it, _Lychnis_. Rose Campion.
I know no great physical virtue it hath.

_Macis._ See the barks.

_Magistrantia, &c._ Masterwort. Hot and dry in the third degree: it is
good against poison, pestilence, corrupt and unwholesome air, helps
windiness in the stomach, causeth an appetite to one’s victuals, very
profitable in falls and bruises, congealed and clotted blood, the
bitings of mad-dogs; the leaves chewed in the mouth, cleanse the brain
of superfluous humours, thereby preventing lethargies, and apoplexes.

_Malva._ Mallows. The best of Authors account wild Mallows to be best,
and hold them to be cold and moist in the first degree, they are
profitable in the bitings of venomous beasts, the stinging of bees and
wasps, &c. Inwardly they resist poison, provoke to stool; outwardly
they assuage hard swellings of the privities or other places; in
clysters they help roughness and fretting of the entrails, bladder,
or fundament; and so they do being boiled in water, and the decoction
drank, as I have proved in the bloody flux.

_Majorana._ See _Amaracus_.

_Mandragora._ Mandrakes. Fit for no vulgar use, but only to be used in
cooling ointments.

_Marrubium, album, nigrum, fœtidum._

_Marrubium album_, is common Horehound. Hot in the second degree, and
dry in the third, opens the liver and spleen, cleanses the breast and
lungs, helps old coughs, pains in the sides, ptisicks, or ulceration of
the lungs, it provokes the menses, eases hard labour in child-bearing,
brings away the placenta. See the syrups.

_Marrubium, nigrum, et fœtidum._ Black and stinking Horehound, I take
to be all one. Hot and dry in the third degree; cures the bitings of
mad dogs, wastes and consumes hard knots in the fundament and matrix,
cleanses filthy ulcers.

_Marum._ Herb Mastich. Hot and dry in the third degree, good against
cramps and convulsions.

_Matricaria._ Feverfew. Hot in the third degree, dry in the second;
opens, purges; a singular remedy for diseases incident to the matrix,
and other diseases incident to women, eases their travail, and
infirmities coming after it; it helps the vertigo or dissiness of the
head, melancholy sad thoughts: you may boil it either alone, or with
other herbs fit for the same purpose, with which this treatise will
furnish you; applied to the wrists, it helps the ague.

_Matrisylva._ The same with _Caprifolium_.

_Meliotus._ Melilot. Inwardly taken, provokes urine, breaks the Stone,
cleanses the reins and bladder, cutteth and cleanses the lungs of
tough flegm, the juice dropped into the eyes, clears the sight, into
the ears, mitigates pain and noise there; the head bathed with the
juice mixed with vinegar, takes away the pains thereof: outwardly in
pultisses, it assuages swellings in the privities and elsewhere.

_Mellissa._ Balm. Hot and dry: outwardly mixed with salt and applied to
the neck, helps the King’s-evil, bitings of mad dogs, venomous beasts,
and such as cannot hold their neck as they should do; inwardly it is
an excellent remedy for a cold and moist stomach, cheers the heart,
refreshes the mind, takes away griefs, sorrow, and care, instead of
which it produces joy and mirth. See the syrup. _Galen, Avicenna._

_Mentha sativa._ Garden Mints, Spear Mints. Are hot and dry in the
third degree, provoke hunger, are wholesome for the stomach, stay
vomiting, stop the menses, help sore heads in children, strengthen the
stomach, cause digestion; outwardly applied, they help the bitings of
mad-dogs: Yet they hinder conception.

_Memtha aquatica._ Water Mints: Ease pains of the belly, head-ache, and
vomiting, gravel in the kidnies and stone.

_Methastrum._ Horse-mint. I know no difference between them and water
mints.

_Mercurialis, mas, fœmina._ Mercury male and female, they are both hot
and dry in the second degree, cleansing, digesting, they purge watery
humours, and further conception.

_Mezereon._ Spurge-Olive, or Widdow-wail. A dangerous purge, better let
alone than meddled with.

_Millefolium._ Yarrow. Meanly cold and binding, an healing herb for
wounds, stanches bleeding; and some say the juice snuffed up the nose,
causeth it to bleed, whence it was called, Nose-bleed; it stops lasks,
and the menses, helps the running of the reins, helps inflammations and
excoriations of the priapus, as also inflammations of wounds. _Galen._

_Muscus._ Mosse. Is something cold and binding, yet usually retains a
smatch of the property of the tree it grows on; therefore that which
grows upon oaks is very dry and binding. _Serapio_ saith that it being
infused in wine, and the wine drank, it stays vomiting and fluxes, as
also the Fluor Albus.

_Myrtus._ Myrtle-tree. The leaves are of a cold earthly quality, drying
and binding, good for fluxes, spitting and vomiting of blood; stop the
Fluor Albus and menses.

_Nardus._ See the root.

_Nasturtium, Aquaticum, Hortense._ Water cresses, and Garden-cresses.
Garden-cresses are hot and dry in the fourth degree, good for the
scurvy, sciatica, hard swellings, yet do they trouble the belly, ease
pains of the spleen, provoke lust. _Dioscorides._ Water-cresses are
hot and dry, cleanse the blood, help the scurvy, provoke urine and the
menses, break the stone, help the green-sickness, cause a fresh lively
colour.

_Nasturtium Alhum, Thlaspie._ Treacle-mustard. Hot and dry in the third
degree, purges violently, dangerous for pregnant women. Outwardly it is
applied with profit to the gout.

_Nicorimi._ Tobacco. It is hot and dry in the second degree, and of
a cleansing nature: the leaves warmed and applied to the head, are
excellently good in inveterate head-aches and megrims, if the diseases
come through cold or wind, change them often till the diseases be gone,
help such whose necks be stiff: it eases the faults of the breast:
Asthma’s or head-flegm in the lappets of the lungs: eases the pains
of the stomach and windiness thereof: being heated by the fire, and
applied hot to the side, they loosen the belly, and kill worms being
applied unto it in like manner: they break the stone being applied
in like manner to the region of the bladder: help the rickets, being
applied to the belly and sides: applied to the navel, they give present
ease to the fits of the mother: they take away cold aches in the joints
applied to them: boiled, the liquor absolutely and speedily cures scabs
and itch: neither is there any better salve in the world for wounds
than may be made of it: for it cleanses, fetches out the filth though
it lie in the bones, brings up the flesh from the bottom, and all this
it doth speedily: it cures wounds made with poisoned weapons, and for
this _Clusius_ brings many experiences too tedious here to relate.
It is an admirable thing for carbuncles and plague-sores, inferior
to none: green wounds ’twill cure in a trice: ulcers and gangreens
very speedily, not only in men, but also in beasts, therefore the
Indians dedicated it to their god. Taken in a pipe, it hath almost as
many virtues; it easeth weariness, takes away the sense of hunger and
thirst, provokes to stool: he saith, the Indians will travel four days
without either meat or drink, by only chewing a little of this in their
mouths: It eases the body of superfluous humours, opens stoppings. See
the ointment of Tobacco.

_Nummularia._ Money-wort, or Herb Two-pence; cold, dry, binding, helps
fluxes, stops the menses, helps ulcers in the lungs; outwardly it is a
special herb for wounds.

_Nymphea._ See the flowers.

_Ocynum._ Basil, hot and moist. The best use that I know of it, is, it
gives speedy deliverance to women in travail. Let them not take above
half a dram of it at a time in powder, and be sure also the birth be
ripe, else it causes abortion.

_Oleæ folia._ Olive leaves: they are hard to come by here.

_Ononis._ Restharrow. See the roots.

_Ophioglossum._ Adder’s-tongue. The leaves are very drying: being
boiled in oil they make a dainty green balsam for green wounds: taken
inwardly, they help inward wounds.

_Origanum._ Origany: a kind of wild Marjoram; hot and dry in the third
degree, helps the bitings of venomous beasts, such as have taken Opium,
Hemlock, or Poppy; provokes urine, brings down the menses, helps old
coughs; in an ointment it helps scabs and itch.

_Oxylapathum._ Sorrel. See _Acetosa_.

_Papaver, &c._ Poppies, white, black, or erratick. I refer you to the
syrups of each.

_Parietaria._ Given once before under the name of _Helxine_.

_Pastinæa._ Parsnips. See the roots.

_Persicaria._ See _Hydropiper_. This is the milder sort of Arsmart I
described there: If ever you find it amongst the compounds, take it
under that notion.

_Pentaphyllium._ Cinquefoil: very drying, yet but meanly hot, if at
all; helps ulcers in the mouth, roughness of the wind-pipe (whence
comes hoarsness and coughs, &c.) helps fluxes, creeping ulcers, and
the yellow jaundice; they say one leaf cures a quotidian ague, three
a tertain, and four a quartan. I know it will cure agues without this
curiosity, if a wise man have the handling of it; otherwise a cart load
will not do it.

_Petroselinum._ Parsley. See Smallage.

_Per Columbinus._ See _Geranium_.

_Persicarium folia._ Peach Leaves: they are a gentle, yet a complete
purger of choler, and disease coming from thence; fit for children
because of their gentleness. You may boil them in white wine: a
handfull is enough at a time.

_Pilosella._ Mouse-ear: once before and this is often enough.

_Pithyusa._ A new name for Spurge of the last Edition.

_Plantago._ Plantain. Cold and dry; an herb, though common, yet let
none despise it, for the decoction of it prevails mightily against
tormenting pains and excoriations of the entrails, bloody fluxes, it
stops the menses, and spitting of blood, phthisicks, or consumptions
of the lungs, the running of the reins, and the Fluor Albus, pains
in the head, and frenzies: outwardly it clears the sight, takes away
inflammations, scabs, itch, the shingles, and all spreading sores,
and is as wholesome an herb as can grow about any an house. _Tragus,
Dioscorides._

_Polium, &c._ Polley, or Pellamountain: All the sorts are hot in
the second degree, and dry in the third: helps dropsies, the yellow
jaundice, infirmities of the spleen, and provokes urine. _Dioscorides._

_Polygonum._ Knotgrass.

_Polytricum._ Maidenhair.

_Portulaca._ Purslain: Cold and moist in the second or third degree:
cools hot stomachs, and it is admirable for one that hath his teeth on
edge by eating sour apples, it cools the blood, liver, and is good for
hot diseases, or inflammations in any of these places, stops fluxes,
and the menses, and helps all inward inflammations whatsoever.

_Porrum._ Leeks. See the roots.

_Primula Veris._ See Cowslips, or the Flowers, which you will.

_Prunella._ Self-heal, Carpenter’s-herb, and Sicklewort. Moderately hot
and dry, binding. See Bugle, the virtues being the same.

_Pulegium._ Pennyroyal; hot and dry in the third degree; provokes
urine, breaks the stone in the reins, strengthens women’s backs,
provokes the menses, easeth their labour in child-bed, brings away the
placenta, stays vomiting, strengthens the brain, breaks wind, and helps
the vertigo.

_Pulmonaria, arborea, et Symphytum maculosum._ Lung-wort. It helps
infirmities of the lungs, as hoarsness, coughs, wheezing, shortness of
breath, &c. You may boil it in Hyssop-water, or any other water that
strengthens the lungs.

_Pulicaria._ Fleabane; hot and dry in the third degree, helps the
biting of venomous beasts, wounds and swellings, the yellow jaundice,
the falling sickness, and such as cannot make water; being burnt,
the smoak of it kills all the gnats and fleas in the chamber; it is
dangerous for pregnant women.

_Pyrus sylvestris._ Wild Pear-tree. I know no virtue in the leaves.

_Pyrola._ Winter-green. Cold and dry, and very binding, stops fluxes,
and the menses, and is admirably good in green wounds.

_Quercus folia._ Oak Leaves: Are much of the nature of the former, stay
the Fluor Albus. See the bark.

_Ranunculus._ Hath got a sort of English Names: Crowfoot, King-kob,
Gold-cups, Gold-knobs, Butter-flowers, &c. they are of a notable hot
quality, unfit to be taken inwardly: If you bruise the roots and apply
them to a plague-sore, they are notable things to draw the venom to
them.

_Raparum folia._ If they do mean Turnip leaves, when they are young
and tender, they are held to provoke urine.

_Rosmarirum._ Rosemary, hot and dry in the second degree, binding,
stops fluxes, helps stuffings in the head, the yellow jaundice, helps
the memory, expels wind. See the flowers. _Serapio, Dioscorides._

_Rosa solis._ See the water.

_Rosa alba, rubra, Damascena._ White, Red, and Damask Roses.

_Rumex._ Dock; All the ordinary sort of Docks are of a cool and drying
substance, and therefore stop fluxes; and the leaves are seldom used in
physic.

_Rubus Idæus_: Raspis, Raspberries, or Hind-berries: I know no great
virtues in the leaves.

_Ruta._ Rue, or Herb of Grace; hot and dry in the third degree,
consumes the seed, and is an enemy to generation, helps difficulty
of breathing, and inflammations of the lungs, pains in the sides,
inflammations of the priapus and matrix, naught for pregnant women: no
herb resists poison more. It strengthens the heart exceedingly, and no
herb better than this in pestilential times, take it what manner you
will or can.

_Ruta Muraria._ See _Adianthum_.

_Sabina._ Savin: hot and dry in the third degree, potently provokes
the menses, expels both birth and afterbirth, they (boiled in oil and
used in ointments) stay creeping ulcers, scour away spots, freckles and
sunburning from the face; the belly anointed with it kills worms in
children.

_Salvia._ Sage: hot and dry in the second or third degree, binding,
it stays abortion in such women as are subject to come before their
times, it causes fruitfulness, it is singularly good for the brain,
strengthens the senses and memory, helps spitting and vomiting of
blood: outwardly, heat hot with a little vinegar and applied to the
side, helps stitches and pains in the sides.

_Salix._ Willow leaves, are cold, dry, and binding, stop spitting of
blood, and fluxes; the boughs stuck about a chamber, wonderfully cool
the air, and refresh such as have fevers; the leaves applied to the
head, help hot diseases there, and frenzies.

_Sampsucum._ Marjoram.

_Sunicula._ Sanicle; hot and dry in the second degree, cleanses wounds
and ulcers.

_Saponaria._ Sope-wort, or Bruise-wort, vulgarly used in bruises and
cut fingers, and is of notable use in the veneral disease.

_Satureia._ Savory. Summer savory is hot and dry in the third degree,
Winter savory is not so hot, both of them expel wind.

_Sazifragia alba._ White Saxifrage, breaks wind, helps the cholic and
stone.

_Scabiosa._ Scabious: hot and dry in the second degree, cleanses the
breast and lungs, helps old rotten coughs, and difficulty of breathing,
provokes urine, and cleanses the bladder of filthy stuff, breaks
aposthumes, and cures scabs and itch. Boil it in white wine.

_Scariola._ An Italian name for Succory.

_Schœnanthus._ Schœnanth, Squinanth, or Chamel’s hay; hot and binding.
It digests and opens the passages of the veins: surely it is as great
an expeller of wind as any is.

_Scordium._ Water-Germander, hot and dry, cleanses ulcers in the inward
parts, it provokes urine and the menses, opens stopping of the liver,
spleen, reins, bladder, and matrix, it is a great counter poison, and
eases the breast oppressed with flegm: see Diascordium.

_Scrophularia._ Figwort, so called of _Scrophula_, the King’s Evil,
which it cures they say, by being only hung about the neck. If not,
bruise it, and apply it to the place, it helps the piles or hemorrhoids.

_Sedum._ And all his sorts: see _Barba Jovis_.

_Senna._ It heats in the second degree and dries in the first,
cleanses, purges and digests; it carries downward both choler, flegm,
and melancholy, it cleanses the brain, heart, liver, spleen; it cheers
the senses, opens obstructions, takes away dulness of sight, helps
deafness, helps melancholy and madness, resists resolution of the
nerves, pains of the head, scabs, itch, falling-sickness, the windiness
of it is corrected with a little ginger. You may boil half an ounce of
it at a time, in water or white wine, but boil it not too much; half an
ounce is a moderate dose to be boiled for any reasonable body.

_Serpillum._ Mother-of-Time, with Time; it is hot and dry in the third
degree, it provokes the menses, and helps the stranguary or stoppage of
urine, gripings in the belly, ruptures, convulsions, inflammation of
the liver, lethargy, and infirmities of the spleen, boil it in white
wine. _Ætius, Galen._

_Sigillum Solomonis._ Solomon’s seal. See the root.

_Smyrnium._ Alexander of _Crete_.

_Solanum._ Night-shade: very cold and dry, binding; it is somewhat
dangerous given inwardly, unless by a skilful hand; outwardly it helps
the Shingles, _St. Anthony’s_ fire, and other hot inflammations.

_Soldanella._ Bindweed, hot and dry in the second degree, it opens
obstructions of the liver, and purges watery humours, and is therefore
very profitable in dropsies, it is very hurtful to the stomach,
and therefore if taken inwardly it had need be well corrected with
cinnamon, ginger, or annis-seed, &c.

_Sonchus levis Asper._ Sow-thistles smooth and rough, they are of a
cold, watery, yet binding quality, good for frenzies, they increase
milk in nurses, and cause the children which they nurse to have a good
colour, help gnawings of the stomach coming of a hot cause; outwardly
they help inflammations, and hot swellings, cool the heat of the
fundament and privities.

_Sophi Chirurgorum._ Fluxweed: drying without any manifest heat or
coldness; it is usually found about old ruinous buildings; it is so
called because of its virtue in stopping fluxes.

_Shinachia._ Spinage. I never read any physical virtues of it.

_Spina Alba._ See the root.

_Spica._ See _Nardus_.

_Stæbe._ Silver Knapweed: The virtues be the same with Scabious, and
some think the herbs too; though I am of another opinion.

_Stœchas._ French Lavender. Cassidony, is a great counterpoison, opens
obstructions of the liver and spleen, cleanses the matrix and bladder,
brings out corrupt humours, provokes urine.

_Succisa, Marsus Diaboli._ Devil’s-bit. Hot and dry in the second
degree: inwardly taken, it eases the fits of the mother, and breaks
wind, takes away swellings in the mouth, and slimy flegm that stick to
the jaws, neither is there a more present remedy in the world for those
cold swellings in the neck which the vulgar call the almonds of the
ears, than this herb bruised and applied to them.

_Suchaha._ An Egyptian Thorn. Very hard, if not impossible to come by
here.

_Tanacetum._ Tansy: hot in the second degree and dry in the third; the
very smell of it stays abortion, or miscarriages in women; so it doth
being bruised and applied to their navels, provokes urine, and is a
special help against the gout.

_Taraxacon._ Dandelion, or to write better French, Dent-de-lion, for in
plain English, it is called lyon’s tooth; it is a kind of Succory, and
thither I refer you.

_Tamariscus._ Tamiris. It hath a dry cleansing quality, and hath a
notable virtue against the rickets, and infirmities of the spleen,
provokes the menses. _Galen, Dioscorides._

_Telephium._ A kind of Opine.

_Thlaspi._ See _Nasturtium_.

_Thymbra._ A wild Savory.

_Thymum._ Thyme. Hot and dry in the third degree; helps coughs and
shortness of breath, provokes the menses, brings away dead children and
the after birth; purges flegm, cleanses the breast and lungs, reins and
matrix; helps the sciatica, pains in the breast, expels wind in any
part of the body, resists fearfulness and melancholy, continual pains
in the head, and is profitable for such as have the falling-sickness to
smell to.

_Thymælea._ The Greek name for Spurge-Olive: _Mezereon_ being the
Arabick name.

_Tithymallus, Esula, &c._ Spurge. Hot and dry in the fourth degree:
a dogged purge, better let alone than taken inwardly: hair anointed
with the juice of it will fall off: it kills fish, being mixed with
any thing that they will eat: outwardly it cleanses ulcers, takes away
freckles, sunburning and morphew from the face.

_Tormentilla._ See the root.

_Trinitatis herba._ Pansies, or Heart’s-ease: They are cold and moist,
both herbs and flowers, excellent against inflammations of the breast
or lungs, convulsions or falling-sickness, also they are held to be
good for venereal complaints.

_Trifolium._ Trefoil: dry in the third degree, and cold: The ordinary
Meadow Trefoil, cleanses the bowels of slimy humours that stick to
them, being used either in drinks or clysters; outwardly they take away
inflammations.

_Tussilago._ Colt’s-foot: something cold and dry, and therefore good
for inflammations, they are admirably good for coughs, and consumptions
of the lungs, shortness of breath, &c. It is often used and with good
success taken in a tobacco-pipe, being cut and mixed with a little oil
of annis seeds. See the Syrup of Colt’s-foot.

_Valeriana._ Valerian, or Setwall. See the roots.

_Verbascum, Thapsus Barbatus._ Mullin, or Higtaper. It is something
dry, and of a digesting, cleansing quality, stops fluxes and the
hemorrhoids, it cures hoarseness, the cough, and such as are broken
winded.

_Verbena._ Vervain: hot and dry, a great opener, cleanser, healer, it
helps the yellow jaundice, defects in the reins and bladder, pains in
the head; if it be but bruised and hung about the neck, all diseases in
the privities; made into an ointment it is a sovereign remedy for old
head-aches, as also frenzies, it clears the skin, and causes a lovely
colour.

_Veronica._ See _Betonica Pauli_.

_Violaria._ Violet Leaves: they are cool, ease pains in the head
proceeding of heat and frenzies, either inwardly taken, or outwardly
applied; heat of the stomach, or inflammation of the lungs.

_Vitis Viniseria._ The manured Vine: the leaves are binding and cool
withal; the burnt ashes of the sticks of a vine, scour the teeth
and make them as white as snow; the leaves stop bleeding, fluxes,
heart-burnings, vomitings; as also the longings of pregnant women. The
coals of a burnt Vine, in powder, mixed with honey, doth make the teeth
as white as ivory, which are rubbed with it.

_Vincitoxicum._ Swallow-wort. A pultis made with the leaves helps sore
breasts, and also soreness of the matrix.

_Virga Pastoris._ A third name for Teazles. See _Dipsatus_.

_Virga Aurea._ See _Consolida_.

_Ulmaria._ See the root. _Meadsweet._

_Umbilicus Veneris._ Navil-wort: Cold, dry, and binding, therefore
helps all inflammations; they are very good for kibed heels, being
bathed with it and a leaf laid over the sore.

_Urtica._ Nettles: an herb so well known, that you may find them by the
feeling in the darkest night: they are something hot, not very hot; the
juice stops bleeding; they provoke lust, help difficulty of breathing,
pleurisies, inflammations of the lungs, that troublesome cough that
women call the Chincough; they exceedingly break the stone, provoke
urine, and help such as cannot hold their necks upright. Boil them in
white wine.

_Usnea._ Moss; once before.


FLOWERS.

BORAGE, and Bugloss flowers strengthen the brain, and are profitable in
fevers.

_Chamomel flowers_, heat and assuage swellings, inflammation of the
bowels, dissolve wind, are profitably given in clysters or drink, to
such as are troubled with the cholic, or stone.

_Stæchea_, opens stoppings in the bowels, and strengthens the whole
body.

_Saffron_ powerfully concocts, and sends out whatever humour offends
the body, drives back inflammations; applied outwardly, encreases
venery, and provokes urine.

_Clove-Gilliflowers_, resist the pestilence, strengthen the heart,
liver, and stomach, and provoke venery.

_Schœnanth_ (which I touched slightly amongst the herbs) provokes urine
potently, provokes the menses, breaks wind, helps such as spit or vomit
blood, eases pains of the stomach, reins, and spleen, helps dropsies,
convulsions, and inflammations of the womb.

_Lavender-flowers_, resist all cold afflictions of the brain,
convulsions, falling-sickness, they strengthen cold stomachs, and open
obstructions of the liver, they provoke urine and the menses, bring
forth the birth and placenta.

_Hops_, open stoppings of the bowels, and for that cause beer is better
than ale.

_Balm-flowers_, cheer the heart and vital spirits, strengthen the
stomach.

_Rosemary-flowers_, strengthen the brain exceedingly, and resist
madness; clear the sight.

_Winter-Gilliflowers_, or Wall-flowers, help inflammation of the womb,
provoke the menses, and help ulcers in the mouth.

_Honey-suckles_, provoke urine, ease the pains of the spleen, and such
as can hardly fetch their breath.

_Mallows_, help coughs.

_Red Roses_, cool, bind, strengthen both vital and animal virtue,
restore such as are in consumptions, strengthen. There are so many
compositions of them which makes me more brief in the simples.

_Violets_, (to wit, the blue ones,) cool and moisten, provoke sleep,
loosen the belly, resist fevers, help inflammations, correct the heat
of choler, ease the pains in the head, help the roughness of the
wind-pipe, diseases in the throat, inflammations in the breast and
sides, plurisies, open stoppings of the liver, and help the yellow
jaundice.

_Chicory_, (or Succory as the vulgar call it) cools and strengthens the
liver, so doth Endive.

_Water lilies_, ease pains of the head coming of choler and heat,
provoke sleep, cool inflammations, and the heat in fevers.

_Pomegranate-flowers_, dry and bind, stop fluxes, and the menses.

_Cowslips_, strengthen the brain, senses, and memory, exceedingly,
resist all diseases there, as convulsions, falling-sickness, palsies,
&c.

_Centaury_, purges choler and gross humours, helps the yellow jaundice,
opens obstructions of the liver, helps pains of the spleen, provokes
the menses, brings away birth and afterbirth.

_Elder flowers_, help dropsies, cleanse the blood, clear the skin, open
stoppings of the liver and spleen, and diseases arising therefrom.

_Bean-flowers_, clear the skin, stop humours flowing into the eyes.

_Peach-tree_ flowers, purge choler gently.

_Broom-flowers_, purge water, and are good in dropsies.

The temperature of all these differ either very little or not at all
from the herbs.

The way of using the flowers I did forbear, because most of them may,
and are usually made into conserves, of which you may take the quantity
of a nutmeg in the morning; all of them may be kept dry a year, and
boiled with other herbs conducing to the cures they do.


FRUITS AND THEIR BUDS.

_Green Figs_, are held to be of ill juice, but the best is, we are not
much troubled with them in _England_; dry figs help coughs, cleanse
the breast, and help infirmities of the lungs, shortness of wind, they
loose the belly, purge the reins, help inflammations of the liver and
spleen; outwardly they dissolve swellings.

_Pine-nuts_, restore such as are in consumptions, amend the failings of
the lungs, concoct flegm, and yet are naught for such as are troubled
with the head-ache.

_Dates_, are binding, stop eating ulcers being applied to them; they
are very good for weak stomachs, for they soon digest, and breed good
nourishment, they help infirmities of the reins, bladder, and womb.

_Sebestens_, cool choler, violent heat of the stomach, help roughness
of the tongue and wind-pipe, cool the reins and bladder.

_Raisins of the Sun_, help infirmities of the breast and liver, restore
consumptions, gently cleanse and move to stool.

_Walnuts_, kill worms, resist the pestilence, (I mean the green ones,
not the dry.)

_Capers_ eaten before meals, provoke hunger.

_Nutmegs_, strengthen the brain, stomach, and liver, provoke urine,
ease the pains of the spleen, stop looseness, ease pains of the head,
and pains in the joints, strengthen the body, take away weakness coming
of cold, and cause a sweet breath.

_Cloves_, help digestion, stop looseness, provoke lust, and quicken the
sight.

_Pepper_, binds, expels wind, helps the cholic, quickens digestion
oppressed with cold, heats the stomach.

_Quinces._ See the Compositions.

_Pears_ are grateful to the stomach, drying, and therefore help fluxes.

All plums that are sharp or sour, are binding, the sweet are loosening.

_Cucumbers_, cool the stomach, and are good against ulcers in the
bladder.

_Galls_, are exceeding binding, help ulcers in the mouth, wasting of
the gums, ease the pains of the teeth, help the falling out of the womb
and fundament, make the hair black.

_Pompions_ are a cold and moist fruit, of small nourishment, they
provoke urine, outwardly applied; the flesh of them helps inflammations
and burnings; applied to the forehead they help inflammations of the
eyes.

_Melons_, have few other virtues.

_Apricots_, are very grateful to the stomach, and dry up the humours
thereof. _Peaches_ are held to do the like.

_Cubebs_, are hot and dry in the third degree, they expel wind, and
cleanse the stomach of tough and viscous humours, they ease the pains
of the spleen, and help cold diseases of the womb, they cleanse the
head of flegm and strengthen the brain, they heat the stomach and
provoke venery.

_Bitter Almonds_, are hot in the first degree and dry in the second,
they cleanse and cut thick humours, cleanse the lungs, and eaten every
morning, they are held to preserve from drunkenness.

_Bay-berries_, heat, expel wind, mitigate pain; are excellent for cold
infirmities of the womb, and dropsies.

_Cherries_, are of different qualities according to their different
taste, the sweet are quickest of digestion, but the sour are more
pleasing to a hot stomach, and procure appetite to one’s meat.

_Medlars_, are strengthening to the stomach, binding, and the green are
more binding than the rotten, and the dry than the green.

_Olives_, cool and bind.

_English-currants_, cool the stomach, and are profitable in acute
fevers, they quench thirst, resist vomiting, cool the heat of choler,
provoke appetite, and are good for hot complexions.

_Services_, or Chockers are of the nature of Medlars, but something
weaker in operation.

_Barberries_, quench thirst, cool the heat of choler, resist the
pestilence, stay vomiting and fluxes, stop the menses, kill worms, help
spitting of blood, fasten the teeth, and strengthen the gums.

_Strawberries_, cool the stomach, liver, and blood, but are very
hurtful for such as have agues.

_Winter-Cherries_, potently provoke urine, and break the stone.

_Cassia-fistula_, is temperate in quality, gently purgeth choler and
flegm, clarifies the blood, resists fevers, cleanses the breast and
lungs, it cools the reins, and thereby resists the breeding of the
stone, it provokes urine, and therefore is exceeding good for the
running of the reins in men, and the Fluor Albus in women.

All the sorts or _Myrobalans_, purge the stomach; the Indian
Myrobalans, are held to purge melancholy most especially, the other
flegm; yet take heed you use them not in stoppings of the bowels: they
are cold and dry, they all strengthen the heart, brain, and sinews,
strengthen the stomach, relieve the senses, take away tremblings and
heart-qualms. They are seldom used alone.

_Prunes_, are cooling and loosening.

_Tamarinds_, are cold and dry in the second degree, they purge choler,
cool the blood, stay vomiting, help the yellow jaundice, quench thirst,
cool hot stomachs, and hot livers.

I omit the use of these also as resting confident a child of three
years old, if you should give it Raisins of the sun or Cherries would
not ask how it should take them.


SEEDS OR GRAINS.

_Coriander_ seed, hot and dry, expels wind, but is hurtful to the head;
sends up unwholesome vapours to the brain, dangerous for mad people.

_Fenugreek_ seeds, are of a softening, discussing nature, they cease
inflammations, be they internal or external: bruised and mixed with
vinegar they ease the pains of the spleen: being applied to the sides,
help hardness and swellings of the matrix, being boiled, the decoction
helps scabby heads.

_Lin-seed_ hath the same virtues with Fenugreek.

_Gromwell_ seed, provokes urine, helps the cholic, breaks the stone,
and expels wind. Boil them in white wine; but bruise them first.

_Lupines_, ease the pains of the spleen, kill worms and cast them out:
outwardly, they cleanse filthy ulcers, and gangrenes, help scabs, itch,
and inflammations.

_Dill_ seed, encreases milk in nurses, expels wind, stays vomitings,
provokes urine; yet it dulls the sight, and is an enemy to generation.

_Smallage_ seed, provokes urine and the menses, expels wind, resists
poison, and eases inward pains, it opens stoppings in any part of the
body, yet it is hurtful for such as have the falling-sickness, and for
pregnant women.

_Rocket_ seed, provokes urine, stirs up lust, encreases seed, kills
worms, eases pains of the spleen. Use all these in like manner.

_Basil_ seed: If we may believe _Dioscorides_ and _Crescentius_, cheers
the heart, and strengthens a moist stomach, drives away melancholy, and
provokes urine.

_Nettle_ seed, provokes venery, opens stoppages of the womb, helps
inflammations of the sides and lungs; purgeth the breast: boil them
(being bruised) in white wine also.

The seeds of _Ammi_, or _Bishop’s-weed_, heat and dry, help difficulty
of urine, and the pains of the cholic, the bitings of venomous beasts;
they provoke the menses, and purge the womb.

_Annis_ seeds, heat and dry, ease pain, expel wind, cause a sweet
breath, help the dropsy, resist poison, breed milk, and stop the Fluor
Albus in women, provoke venery, and ease the head-ache.

_Cardamoms_, heat, kill worms, cleanse the reins, and provoke urine.

_Fennel_ seed, breaks wind, provokes urine and the menses, encreases
milk in nurses.

_Cummin_ seed, heat, bind, and dry, stop blood, expel wind, ease
pain, help the bitings of venomous beast: outwardly applied (viz. in
Plaisters) they are of a discussing nature.

_Carrot_ seeds, are windy, provoke lust exceedingly, and encrease
seed, provoke urine and the menses, cause speedy delivery to women in
travail, and bring away the placenta. All these also may be boiled in
white wine.

_Nigella_ seeds, boiled in oil, and the forehead anointed with it,
ease pains in the head, take away leprosy, itch, scurf, and help scald
heads: Inwardly taken they expel worms, they provoke urine, and the
menses, help difficulty of breathing.

_Stavesacre_, kills lice in the head, I hold it not fitting to be given
inwardly.

_Olibanum_ mixed with as much Barrow’s Grease (beat the Olibanum first
in powder) and boiled together, make an ointment which will kill the
lice in children’s heads, and such as are subject to breed them, will
never breed them. A Medicine cheap, safe, and sure, which breeds no
annoyance to the brain.

The seeds of _Water-cresses_, heat, yet trouble the stomach and belly;
ease the pains of the spleen, are very dangerous for pregnant women,
yet they provoke lust: outwardly applied, they help leprosies, scald
heads, and the falling off of hair, as also carbuncles, and cold ulcers
in the joints.

_Mustard_ seed, heats, extenuates, and draws moisture from the brain:
the head being shaved and anointed with Mustard, is a good remedy for
the lethargy, it helps filthy ulcers, and hard swellings in the mouth,
it helps old aches coming of cold.

_French Barley_, is cooling, nourishing, and breeds milk.

_Sorrel_ seeds, potently resist poison, help fluxes, and such stomachs
as loath their meat.

_Succory_ seed, cools the heat of the blood, extinguishes lust, opens
stoppings of the liver and bowels, it allays the heat of the body, and
produces a good colour, it strengthens the stomach, liver, and reins.

_Poppy_ seeds, ease pain, provoke sleep. Your best way is to make an
emulsion of them with barley water.

_Mallow_ seeds, ease pains in the bladder.

_Chich-pease_, are windy, provoke lust, encrease milk in nurses,
provoke the menses, outwardly, they help scabs, itch, and inflammations
of the testicles, ulcers, &c.

_White Saxifrage_ seeds, provoke urine, expel wind, and break the
stone. Boil them in white wine.

_Rue_ seeds, helps such as cannot hold their water.

_Lettice_ seed, cools the blood, restrains venery.

Also _Gourds, Citruls, Cucumbers, Melons, Purslain, and Endive_ seeds,
cool the blood, as also the stomach, spleen, and reins, and allay the
heat of fevers. Use them as you were taught to do poppy-seeds.

_Wormseed_, expels wind, kills worms.

_Ash-tree Keys_, ease pains in the sides, help the dropsy, relieve men
weary with labour, provoke venery, and make the body lean.

_Piony_ seeds, help the _Ephialtes_, or the disease the vulgar call the
Mare, as also the fits of the mother, and other such like infirmities
of the womb, stop the menses, and help convulsions.

_Broom_ seed, potently provoke urine, break the stone.

_Citron_ seeds, strengthen the heart, cheer the vital spirit, resist
pestilence and poison.


TEARS, LIQUORS, AND ROZINS.

_Laudanum_, is of a heating, mollifying nature, it opens the mouth of
the veins, stays the hair from falling off, helps pains in the ears,
and hardness of the womb. It is used only outwardly in plaisters.

_Assafœtida._ Is commonly used to allay the fits of the mother by
smelling to it; they say, inwardly taken, it provokes lust, and expels
wind.

_Benzoin_, or _Benjamin_, makes a good perfume.

_Sanguis Draconis_, cools and binds exceedingly.

_Aloes_, purges choler and flegm, and with such deliberation that it
is often given to withstand the violence of other purges, it preserves
the senses and betters the apprehension, it strengthens the liver, and
helps the yellow-jaundice. Yet is naught for such as are troubled with
the hemorrhoids, or have agues. I do not like it taken raw. See Aloe
Rosata, which is nothing but it washed with the juice of roses.

_Manna_, is temperately hot, of a mighty dilative quality, windy,
cleanses choler gently, also it cleanses the throat and stomach. A
child may take an ounce of it at a time melted in milk, and the dross
strained out, it is good for them when they are scabby.

_Scamony_, or _Diagridium_, call it by which name you please, is a
desperate purge, hurtful to the body by reason of its heat, windiness,
corroding, or gnawing, and violence of working. I would advise my
countrymen to let it alone; it will gnaw their bodies as fast as
doctors gnaw their purses.

_Opopanax_, is of a heating, molifying, digesting quality.

_Gum Elemi_, is exceeding good for fractures of the skull, as also in
wounds, and therefore is put in plaisters for that end. See _Arceus_
his Liniment.

_Tragacanthum_, commonly called Gum Traganth, and Gum Dragon, helps
coughs, hoarseness, and distillations on the lungs.

_Bdellium_, heats and softens, helps hard swellings, ruptures, pains in
the sides, hardness of the sinews.

_Galbanum._ Hot and dry, discussing; applied to the womb, it hastens
both birth and after-birth, applied to the navel it stays the
strangling of the womb, commonly called the fits of the mother, helps
pains in the sides, and difficulty of breathing, being applied to it,
and the smell of it helps the vertigo or diziness in the head.

_Myrh_, heats and dries, opens and softens the womb, provokes the birth
and after-birth; inwardly taken, it helps old coughs and hoarseness,
pains in the sides, kills worms, and helps a stinking breath, helps the
wasting of the gums, fastens the teeth: outwardly it helps wounds, and
fills up ulcers with flesh. You may take half a dram at a time.

_Mastich_, strengthens the stomach exceedingly, helps such as vomit or
spit blood, it fastens the teeth and strengthens the gums, being chewed
in the mouth.

_Frankinsense_, and _Olibanum_, heat and bind, fill up old ulcers with
flesh, stop bleeding, but is extremely bad for mad people.

_Turpentine_, Purges, cleanses the reins, helps the running of them.

_Styrax Calamitis_, helps coughs, and distillations upon the lungs,
hoarseness, want of voice, hardness of the womb, but it is bad for
head-aches.

_Ammonicaum_, applied to the side, helps the hardness and pains of the
spleen.

_Camphire_, eases pains of the head coming of heat, takes away
inflammations, and cools any place to which it is applied.


JUICES.

THAT all juices have the same virtues with the herbs or fruits whereof
they are made, I suppose few or none will deny, therefore I shall only
name a few of them, and that briefly.

_Sugar_ is held to be hot in the first degree, strengthens the lungs,
takes away the roughness of the throat, succours the reins and bladder.

The juice of _Citrons_ cools the blood, strengthens the heart,
mitigates the violent heat of fevers.

The juice of _Lemons_ works the same effect, but not so powerfully.

Juice of _Liquorice_, strengthens the lungs, helps coughs and colds.


THINGS BRED FROM PLANTS.

_These have been treated of before, only two excepted. The first of
which is,_

Agaricus. _Agarick: It purges flegm, choler, and melancholy, from the
brain, nerves, muscles, marrow, (or more properly brain) of the back,
it cleanses the breast, lungs, liver, stomach, spleen, reins, womb,
joints; it provokes urine, and the menses, kills worms, helps pains in
the joints, and causes a good colour: it is very seldom or never taken
alone. See Syrup of Roses with Agarick._

_Lastly, _Vicus Quircinus_, or Misleto of the Oak, helps the
falling-sickness being either taken inwardly, or hung about one’s
neck._




LIVING CREATURES.


Millepedes _(so called from the multitude of their feet, though it
cannot be supposed they have a thousand) sows, hog-lice, wood-lice,
being bruised and mixed with wine, they provoke urine, help the yellow
jaundice, outwardly being boiled in oil, help pains in the ears, a drop
being put into them_.

The flesh of vipers _being eaten, clear the sight, help the vices of
the nerves, resist poison exceedingly, neither is there any better
remedy under the sun for their bitings than the head of the viper that
bit you, bruised and applied to the place, and the flesh eaten, you
need not eat above a dram at a time, and make it up as you shall be
taught in troches of vipers. Neither any comparable to the stinging of
bees and wasps, &c. than the same that sting you, bruised and applied
to the place._

Land Scorpions _cure their own stingings by the same means; the ashes
of them (being burnt) potently provokes urine, and breaks the stone_.

Earth-worms, _are an admirable remedy for cut nerves being applied to
the place; they provoke urine; see the oil of them, only let me not
forget one notable thing quoted by _Mizaldus_, which is, That the
powder of them put into an hollow tooth, makes it drop out_.

To draw a tooth without pain, _fill an earthen crucible full of Emmets,
Ants, or Pismires, eggs and all, and when you have burned them, keep
the ashes, with which if you touch a tooth it will fall out_.

Eels, _being put into wine or beer, and suffered to die in it, he that
drinks it will never endure that sort of liquor again_.

Oysters _applied alive to a pestilential swelling, draw the venom to
them_.

Crab-fish, _burnt to ashes, and a dram of it taken every morning helps
the bitings of mad dogs, and all other venomous beasts_.

Swallows, _being eaten, clear the sight, the ashes of them (being
burnt) eaten, preserve from drunkenness, helps sore throats being
applied to them, and inflammations_.

Grass-hoppers, _being eaten, ease the cholic, and pains in the bladder_.

Hedge Sparrows, _being kept in salt, or dried and eaten raw, are an
admirable remedy for the stone_.

Young Pigeons _being eaten, help pains in the reins, and the disease
called Tenesmus_.


PARTS OF LIVING CREATURES,
AND EXCREMENTS.

THE brain of _Sparrows_ being eaten, provokes lust exceedingly.

The brain of an _Hare_ being roasted, helps trembling, it makes
children breed teeth easily, their gums being rubbed with it, it also
helps scald heads, and falling off of hair, the head being anointed
with it.

The head of a young _Kite_, being burnt to ashes and the quantity of
a drachm of it taken every morning in a little water, is an admirable
remedy against the gout.

_Crab-eyes_ break the stone, and open stoppings of the bowels.

The lungs of a _Fox_, well dried, (but not burned) is an admirable
strengthener to the lungs: see the Lohoch of Fox lungs.

The liver of a _Duck_, stops fluxes, and strengthens the liver
exceedingly.

The liver of a _Frog_, being dried and eaten, helps quartan agues, or
as the vulgar call them, _third-day agues_.

_Castoreum_ resists poison, the bitings of venomous beasts; it provokes
the menses, and brings forth birth and after-birth; it expels wind,
eases pains and aches, convulsions, sighings, lethargies; the smell of
it allays the fits of the mother; inwardly given, it helps tremblings,
falling-sickness, and other such ill effects of the brain and nerves: A
scruple is enough to take at a time, and indeed spirit of Castorium is
better than Castorium, raw, to which I refer you.

A _Sheep’s_ or _Goat’s_ bladder being burnt, and the ashes given
inwardly, helps the _Diabetes_.

A flayed _Mouse_ dried and beaten into powder, and given at a time,
helps such as cannot hold their water, or have a _Diabetes_, if you do
the like three days together.

_Ivory_, or _Elephant’s tooth_, binds, stops the _Whites_, it
strengthens the heart and stomach, helps the yellow jaundice, and makes
women fruitful.

Those small bones which are found in the fore-feet of an _Hare_, being
beaten into powder and drank in wine, powerfully provoke urine.

_Goose grease, and Capons grease_, are both softening, help gnawing
sores, stiffness of the womb, and mitigate pain.

I am of opinion that the suet of a _Goat_ mixed with a little saffron,
is as excellent an ointment for the gout, especially the gout in the
knees, as any is.

_Bears grease_ stays the falling off of the hair.

_Fox grease_ helps pains in the ears.

_Elk’s Claws or hoofs_ are a sovereign remedy for the falling sickness,
though it be but worn in a ring, much more being taken inwardly; but
saith _Mizaldus_, it must be the hoof of the right foot behind.

_Milk_ is an extreme windy meat; therefore I am of the opinion of
_Dioscorides_, _viz._ that it is not profitable in head-aches; yet
this is for certain, that it is an admirable remedy for inward ulcers
in any part of the body, or any corrosions, or excoriations, pains in
the reins and bladder: but it is very bad in diseases of the liver,
spleen, the falling-sickness, vertigo, or dissiness in the head, fevers
and head-aches; Goat’s milk is held to be better than Cow’s for Hectic
fevers, phthisick, and consumptions, and so is Ass’s also.

_Whey_, attenuates and cleanses both choler and melancholy:
wonderfully helps melancholy and madness coming of it; opens stoppings
of the bowels; helps such as have the dropsy and are troubled with the
stoppings of the spleen, rickets and hypochondriac melancholy: for such
diseases you may make up your physic with whey. Outwardly it cleanses
the skin of such deformities as come through choler or melancholy, as
scabs, itch, morphew, leprosies, &c.

_Honey_ is of a gallant cleansing quality, exceeding profitable in all
inward ulcers in what part of the body soever; it opens the veins,
cleanses the reins and bladder. I know no vices belonging to it, but
only it is soon converted into choler.

_Wax_, softens, heats, and meanly fills sores with flesh, it suffers
not the milk to curdle in women’s breasts; inwardly it is given (ten
grains at a time) against bloody-fluxes.

_Raw-silk_, heats and dries, cheers the heart, drives away sadness,
comforts all the spirits, both natural, vital and animal.


BELONGING TO THE SEA.

_Sperma Cœti_, is well applied outwardly to eating ulcers, the marks
which the small pox leaves behind them; it clears the sight, provokes
sweat; inwardly it troubles the stomach and belly, helps bruises,
and stretching of the nerves, and therefore is good for women newly
delivered.

_Amber-grease_, heats and dries, strengthens the brain and nerves
exceedingly, if the infirmity of them come of cold, resists pestilence.

_Sea-sand_, a man that hath the dropsy, being set up to the middle in
it, it draws out all the water.

_Red Coral_, is cold, dry and binding, stops the immoderate flowing of
the menses, bloody-fluxes, the running of the reins, and the Fluor
Albus, helps such as spit blood, it is an approved remedy for the
falling sickness. Also if ten grains of red Coral be given to a child
in a little breast-milk so soon as it is born, before it take any other
food, it will never have the falling-sickness, nor convulsions. The
common dose is from ten grains to thirty.

_Pearls_, are a wonderful strengthener to the heart, encrease milk
in nurses, and amend it being naught, they restore such as are in
consumptions; both they and the red Coral preserve the body in health,
and resist fevers. The dose is ten grains or fewer; more, I suppose,
because it is dear, than because it would do harm.

_Amber_, (_viz._ yellow Amber) heats and dries, therefore prevails
against moist diseases of the head; it helps violent coughs, helps
consumption of the lungs, spitting of blood, the Fluor Albus; it stops
bleeding at the nose, helps difficulty of urine: You may take ten or
twenty grains at a time.

The Froth of the _Sea_, it is hot and dry, helps scabs, itch, and
leprosy, scald heads, &c. it cleanses the skin, helps difficulty of
urine, makes the teeth white, being rubbed with it, the head being
washed with it, it helps baldness, and trimly decks the head with hair.


METALS, MINERALS, AND
STONES.

GOLD is temperate in quality, it wonderfully strengthens the heart and
vital spirits, which one perceiving, very wittily inserted these verses:

For Gold is cordial; and that’s the reason,
Your raking Misers live so long a season.

However, this is certain, in cordials, it resists melancholy,
faintings, swoonings, fevers, falling-sickness, and all such like
infirmities, incident either to the vital or animal spirit.

_Alum._ Heats, binds, and purges; scours filthy ulcers, and fastens
loose teeth.

_Brimstone_, or flower of brimstone, which is brimstone refined, and
the better for physical uses; helps coughs and rotten flegm; outwardly
in ointments it takes away leprosies, scabs, and itch; inwardly it
helps yellow jaundice, as also worms in the belly, especially being
mixed with a little Salt-petre: it helps lethargies being snuffed up in
the nose.

_Litharge_, both of gold and silver; binds and dries much, fills up
ulcers with flesh, and heals them.

_Lead_ is of a cold dry earthly quality, of an healing nature; applied
to the place it helps any inflammation, and dries up humours.

_Pompholix_, cools, dries and binds.

_Jacynth_, strengthens the heart being either beaten into powder, and
taken inwardly, or only worn in a ring.

_Sapphire_, quickens the senses, helps such as are bitten by venomous
beasts, ulcers in the bowels.

_Emerald_; called a chaste stone because it resists lust: being worn
in a ring, it helps, or at least mitigates the falling sickness and
vertigo; it strengthens the memory, and stops the unruly passions of
men.

_Ruby_ (or _carbuncle_, if there be such a stone) restrains lust;
resists pestilence; takes away idle and foolish thoughts, makes men
cheerful. _Cardanus._

_Granite._ Strengthens the heart, but hurts the brain, causes anger,
takes away sleep.

_Diamond_, is reported to make him that bears it unfortunate.

_Amethist_, being worn, makes men sober and steady, keeps men from
drunkenness and too much sleep, it quickens the wit, is profitable in
huntings and fightings, and repels vapours from the head.

_Bezoar_, is a notable restorer of nature, a great cordial, no way
hurtful nor dangerous, is admirably good in fevers, pestilences, and
consumptions, _viz._ taken inwardly; for this stone is not used to be
worn as a jewel; the powder of it put upon wounds made by venomous
beasts, draws out the poison.

_Topaz_ (if _Epiphanius_ spake truth) if you put it into boiling
water, it doth so cool it that you may presently put your hands into
it without harm; if so, then it cools inflammations of the body by
touching them.

_Toadstone_; Being applied to the place helps the bitings of venomous
beasts, and quickly draws all the poison to it; it is known to be a
true one by this; hold it near to any toad, and she will make proffer
to take it away from you if it be right; else not. _Lemnius._

_Nephritichus lapis_; helps pains in the stomach, and is of great force
in breaking and bringing away the stone and gravel.

_Jasper_; being worn, stops bleeding, eases the labour in women, stops
lust, resists fevers and dropsies. _Mathiolus._

_Atites_, or the stone with child, because being hollow in the middle,
it contains another little stone within it, is found in an Eagle’s
nest, and in many other places; this stone being bound to the left arm
of women with child, stays their miscarriage or abortion, but when
the time of their labour comes, remove it from their arm, and bind it
to the inside of their thigh, and it brings forth the child, and that
(almost) without any pain at all. _Dioscorides, Pliny._

_Lapis Lazuli_, purges melancholy being taken inwardly; outwardly worn
as a jewel, it makes men cheerful, fortunate and rich.

And thus I end the stones, the virtues of which if any think
incredible, I answer; 1. I quoted the authors where I had them. 2. I
know nothing to the contrary but why it may be as possible as the sound
of a trumpet is to incite a man to valour; or a fiddle to dancing: and
if I have added a few simples which the Colledge left out, I hope my
fault is not much, or at a leastwise, venial.




A CATALOGUE OF SIMPLES

IN THE

NEW DISPENSATORY.


ROOTS.

College.] _Sorrel, Calamus Aromaticus, Water-flag, Privet, Garlick,
Marsh-mallows, Alcanet, Angelica, Anthora, Smallage, Aron, Birth-wort
long and round, Sowbread, Reeds, Asarabacca, Virginian Snakeweed,
Swall-wort, Asparagus, Asphodel, male and female. Burdocks great and
small, Behen, or Bazil, Valerian, white and red. Daisies, Beets,
white, red, and black. _Marsh-mallows_, Bistort, Barrage, Briony,
white and black, Bugloss, garden and wild. _Calamus Aromaticus_,
Our Lady’s thistles, Avens, Coleworts, Centaury the less. Onions,
Chameleon, white and black. Celandine, Pilewort, China, Succory,
Artichokes. _Virginian Snakeroot_, Comfry greater and lesser.
Contra yerva, Costus, sweet and bitter. Turmerick, wild Cucumbers,
Sowbread, Hound’s-tongue, Cypres, long and round. Toothwort, white
Dittany, Doronicum, Dragons, Woody Nightshade, Vipers Bugloss,
_Smallage_, Hellebore, white and black, Endive, Elicampane,
Eringo, Colt’s-foot, Fearn, male and female, Filipendula or Drop-wort,
Fennel, _white Dittany_, Galanga, great and small, Gentian,
Liquorice, Dog-grass, Hermodactils. _Swallow wort_, Jacinth,
Henbane, Jallap, Master-wort, Orris or Flower-de-luce, both English
and Florentine, sharp pointed Dock, Burdock greater and lesser,
Lovage, Privet, white Lilies, Liquorice, Mallows, Mechoacan, Jallap,
Spignel, Mercury, Devil’s bit, sweet Navew, Spikenard, Celtic and
Indian, Water lilies, Rest-harrow, sharp pointed Dock, Peony, male and
female. Parsnips, garden and wild, Cinquefoil, Butter-Bur, Parsley,
Hog’s Fennel, Valerian, greater and lesser, Burnet, Land and Water
Plantain, Polypodium of the Oak, Solomon’s Seal, Leeks, Pellitory of
Spain, Cinquefoil, Turnips, Raddishes, garden and wild, Rhapontick,
common Rhubarb, Monk’s Rhubarb, Rose Root, Madder Bruscus. Sopewort,
Sarsaparilla, Satyrion, male and female, White Saxifrage, Squills,
Figwort, Scorzonera, English and Spanish, Virginian Snake weed,
Solomon’s Seal, Cicers, stinking Gladon, Devil’s bit, Dandelion,
Thapsus, Tormentil, Turbith, Colt’s-foot, Valerian, greater and lesser,
Vervain, Swallow-wort, Nettles, Zedoary long and round, Ginger._

_Culpeper._] These be the roots the college hath named, and but only
named, and in this order I have set them down. It seems the college
holds a strange opinion, viz. That it would do an Englishman a mischief
to know what the herbs in his garden are good for.

But my opinion is, that those herbs, roots, plants, &c. which grow
near a man, are far better and more congruous to his nature than any
outlandish rubbish whatsoever, and this I am able to give a reason
of to any that shall demand it of me, therefore I am so copious in
handling of them, you shall observe them ranked in this order.

1. The temperature of the roots, herbs, flowers, &c. _viz._ Hot, cold,
dry, moist, together with the degree of each quality.

2. What part of the body each root, herb, flower, is appropriated to,
_viz._ head, throat, breast, heart, stomach, liver, spleen, bowels,
reins, bladder, womb, joints, and in those which heat those places, and
which cool them.

3. The property of each simple, as they bind, open, mollify, harden,
extenuate, discuss, draw out, suppure, cleanse, glutinate, break wind,
breed seed, provoke or stop the menses, resist poison, abate swellings,
ease pain.

This I intend shall be my general method throughout the simples,
which, having finished I shall give you a paraphrase explaining these
terms, which rightly considered, will be the key of _Galen’s_ way of
administering physic.

_Temperature of the Roots._

_Roots hot in the first degree._ Marsh-mallows, Bazil, Valerian,
Spattling, Poppy, Burdocks, Borrage, Bugloss, Calamus Aromaticus,
Avens, Pilewort, China, Self-heal, Liquorice, Dog-grass, white Lilies,
Peony, male and female, wild Parsnips, Parsley, Valerian, great and
small, Knee-holly, Satyrion, Scorzonera, Skirrets.

_Hot in the second degree._ Water-flag, Reeds, Swallow-wort, Asphodel,
male, Carline Thistle, Cypress, long and round, Fennel, Lovage,
Spignel, Mercury, Devil’s bit, Butter Bur, Hog’s Fennel, Sarsaparilla,
Squils, Zedoary.

_Hot in the third degree._ Angelica, Aron, Birthwort long and round,
Sowbread, Asarabacca, Briony, white and black, Sallendine, Virgianian
snakeroot, Hemeric, White Dittany, Doronicum, Hellebore, white
and black, Elicampane, Fillipendula, Galanga greater and lesser,
Masterwort, Orris English and Florentine, Restharrow, stinking Gladen,
Turbith, Ginger.

_Hot in the fourth degree._ Garlick, Onions, Leeks, Pellitory of Spain.

_Roots temperate in respect of heat, are_ Bear’s breech, Sparagus, our
Lady’s Thistle, Eringo, Jallap, Mallows, Mechoacan, garden Parsnips,
Cinquefoil, Tormentil.

_Roots cold in the first degree._ Sorrel, Beets, white and red, Comfrey
the greater, Plantain, Rose Root, Madder.

_Cold in the second degree._ Alcanet, Daisies, Succory, Hound’s tongue,
Endive, Jacinth.

_Cold in the third degree._ Bistort and Mandrakes are cold in the third
degree, and Henbane in the fourth.

_Roots dry in the first degree._ Bears-breech, Burdocks, Redbeets,
Calamus Aromaticus, Pilewort, Self-heal, Endive, Eringo, Jacinth,
Madder, Kneeholly.

_Dry in the second degree._ Waterflag, Marshmallows, Alkanet, Smallage,
Reeds, Sorrel, Swallow-wort, Asphodel male, Bazil, Valerian and
Spatling Poppy, according to the opinion of the Greeks. Our Lady’s
Thistles, Avens, Succory, Hound’s tongue, Cypress long and round,
Fennel, Lovage, Spignel, Mercury, Devil’s bit, Butter-bur, Parsley,
Plantain, Zedoary.

_Dry in the third degree._ Angelica, Aron, Birthwort, long and round,
Sowbread, Bistort, Asarabacca, Briony white and black, Carline Thistle,
China, Sallendine, Virginian Snake-root, white Dittany, Doronicum,
Hellebore white and black, Elicampane, Fillipendula, Galanga greater
and lesser, Masterwort, Orris, English and Florentine, Restharrow,
Peony male and female, Cinquefoil, Hog’s Fennel, Sarsaparilla, stinking
Gladen, Tormentil, Ginger.

_Dry in the fourth degree._ Garlick, Onions, Costus, Leeks, Pellitory
of Spain.

_Roots moist are_, Bazil, Valerian, and Spatling-poppy, according
to the Arabian Physicians, Daisies, white Beets, Borrage, Bugloss,
Liquorice, Dog grass, Mallows, Satyrion, Scorzonera, Parsnips,
Skirrets.

_Roots appropriated to several parts of the body._

_Heat the head._ Doronicum, Fennel, Jallap, Mechoacan, Spikenard,
Celtic and Indian. Peony male and female.

_Neck and throat._ Pilewort, Devil’s bit.

_Breast and lungs._ Birthwort long and round, Elicampane, Liquorice,
Orris English and Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, Cinquefoil, Squills.

_Heart._ Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, Carline Thistle, Doronicum, Butter
bur, Scorzonera, Tormentil, Zedoary, Bazil, Valerian white and red.

_Stomach._ Elicampane, Galanga greater and lesser, Spikenard, Celtic
and Indian, Ginger, Fennel, Avens, Raddishes.

_Bowels._ Valerian great and small, Zedoary, Ginger.

_Liver._ Smallage, Carline Thistle, Sullendine, China, Turmerick,
Fennel, Gentian, Dog-grass, Cinquefoil, Parsley, Smallage, Asparagus,
Rhubarb, Rhapontic, Kneeholly.

_Spleen._ Smallage, Carline Thistle, Fern male and female, Parsley,
Water-flag, Asparagus, round Birthwort, Fennel, Capers, Ash, Gentian.

_Reins and Bladder._ Marshmallows, Smallage, Asparagus, Burdock, Bazil,
Valerian, Spatling Poppy, Carline Thistle, China, Cyprus long and
round, Fillipendula, Dog grass, Spikenard, Celtic and Indian, Parsly,
Knee-holly, white Saxifrage.

_Womb._ Birthwort long and round, Galanga greater and lesser, Peony
male and female, Hog’s Fennel.

_Fundament._ Pilewort.

_Joints._ Bear’s-breech, Hermodactils, Jallap, Mecoacan, Ginger, Costus.

_Roots cool the head._ Rose root.

_Stomach._ Sow Thistles, Endive, Succory, Bistort.

_Liver._ Madder, Endive, Chicory.

_Properties of the Roots._

Although I confess the properties of the simples may be found out by
the ensuing explanation of the terms, and I suppose by that means they
were found out at first; and although I hate a lazy student from my
heart, yet to encourage young students in the art, I shall quote the
chief of them: I desire all lovers of physic to compare them with the
explanation of these rules, so shall they see how they agree, so may
they be enabled to find out the properties of all simples to their own
benefit in physic.

_Roots, bind._ Cypress, Bistort, Tormentil, Cinquefoil, Bear’s breech,
Water-flag, Alkanet, Toothwort, &c.

_Discuss._ Birthwort, Asphodel, Briony, Capers, &c.

_Cleanse._ Birthwort, Aron, Sparagus, Grass, Asphodel, Celandine, &c.

_Open._ Asarabacca, Garlic, Leeks, Onions, Rhapontick, Turmerick,
Carline Thistle, Succory, Endive, Fillipendula, Fennel, Parsly,
Bruscus, Sparagus, Smallage, Gentian, &c.

_Extenuate._ Orris English and Florentine, Capers, &c.

_Burn._ Garlick, Onions, Pellitory of Spain, &c.

_Mollify._ Mallows, Marshmallows, &c.

_Suppur._ Marshmallows, Briony, white Lillies, &c.

_Glutinate._ Comfrey, Solomon’s Seal, Gentian, Birthwort, Daisies, &c.

_Expel Wind._ Smallage, Parsly, Fennel, Water-flag, Garlick, Costus,
Galanga, Hog’s Fennel, Zedoary, Spikenard Indian, and Celtic, &c.

_Breed Seed._ Waterflag, Eringo, Satyrian, Galanga, &c.

_Provoke the menses._ Birthwort, Asarabacca, Aron, Waterflag, white
Dittany, Asphodel, Garlick, Centaury the less, Cyperus long and
round, Costus, Capers, Calamus Aromaticus, Dittany of Crete, Carrots,
Eringo, Fennel, Parsly, Smallage, Grass, Elicampane, Peony, Valerian,
Knee-holly, &c.

_Stop the menses._ Comfrey, Tormentil, Bistort, &c.

_Provoke sweat._ Carolina Thistle, China, Sarsaparilla, &c.

_Resist poison._ Angelica, Garlick, long Birthwort, Smallage,
Doronicum, Costus, Zedoary, Cyprus, Gentian, Carolina Thistle, Bistort,
Tormentil, Swallow-wort, Viper’s Bugloss, Elicampane, &c.

_Help burnings._ Asphodel, Jacinth, white Lilies, &c.

_Ease pains._ Waterflag, Eringo, Orris, Restharrow, &c.

_Purge choler._ Asarabacca, Rhubarb, Rhapontick, Fern, &c.

_Relieve melancholy._ Hellebore, white and black, Polipodium.

_Purge flegm and watery humours._ Squills, Turbith, Hermodactils,
Jallap, Mecoacan, wild Cucumbers, Sowbread, male Asphodel, Briony white
and black, Elder, Spurge great and small.

I quoted some of these properties to teach you the way how to find
the rest, which the explanation of these terms will give you ample
instructions in: I quoted not all because I would fain have you
studious: be diligent gentle reader.

How to use your bodies in, and after taking purges, you shall be taught
by and by.

_Barks mentioned by the College are these._

College.] _Hazel Nuts, Oranges, Barberries, Birch-tree, Caper roots,
Cassia Lignea, Chestnuts, Cinnamon, Citron Pills, Dwarf-Elder, Spurge
roots, Alder, Ash, Pomegranates, Guajacum, Walnut tree, green Walnuts,
Laurel, Bay, Lemon, Mace, Pomegranates, Mandrake roots, Mezereon,
Mulberry tree roots, Sloe tree roots, Pinenuts, Fistick-nuts, Poplar
tree, Oak, Elder, Sassafras, Cork, Tamerisk, Lime tree, Frankincense,
Elm, Capt. Winter’s Cinnamon._

_Culpeper._] Of these, Captain Winter’s Cinnamon, being taken as
ordinary spice, or half a dram taken in the morning in any convenient
liquor, is an excellent remedy for the scurvy; the powder of it being
snuffed up in the nose, cleanses the head of rheum gallantly.

The bark of the black Alder tree purges choler and flegm if you make a
decoction with it. Agrimony, Wormwood, Dodder, Hops, Endive and Succory
roots: Parsly and Smallage roots, or you may bruise a handful of each
of them, and put them in a gallon of ale, and let them work together:
put the simples into a boulter-bag, and a draught, (half a pint, more
or less, according to the age of him that drinks it,) being drunk every
morning, helps the dropsy, jaundice, evil disposition of the body;
also helps the rickets, strengthens the liver and spleen; makes the
digestion good, troubles not the stomach at all, causes appetite, and
helps such as are scabby and itchy.

The rest of the barks that are worth the noting, and the virtues of
them, are to be found in the former part of the book.

_Barks are hot in the first degree._ Guajacum, Tamarisk, Oranges,
Lemons, Citrons.

_In the second._ Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea, Captain Winter’s Cinnamon,
Frankincense, Capers.

_In the third._ Mace.

_Cold in the first._ Oak, Pomegranates.

_In the third._ Mandrakes.

_Appropriated to parts of the body._

_Heat the head._ Captain Winter’s Cinnamon.

_The heart._ Cinnamon, Cassia, Lignea, Citron Pills, Walnuts, Lemon
pills, Mace.

_The stomach._ Orange pills, Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, Citron pills,
Lemon pills, Mace, Sassafras.

_The lungs._ Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon, Walnuts.

_The liver._ Barberry-tree, Bay-tree, Captain Winter’s Cinnamon.

_The spleen._ Caper bark, Ash tree bark, Bay tree.

_The reins and bladder._ Bay-tree, Sassafras.

_The womb._ Cassia Lignea, Cinnamon.

_Cool the stomach._ Pomegranate pills.

_Purge choler._ The bark of Barberry tree.

_Purge flegm and water._ Elder, Dwarf-Elder, Spurge, Laurel.


WOODS.

College.] _Firr, Wood of Aloes, Rhodium, Brazil, Box, Willow, Cypress,
Ebony, Guajacum, Juniper, Lentisk, Nephriticum, Rhodium, Rosemary,
Sanders, white, yellow, and red, Sassafras, Tamarisk._

_Of these some are hot._ Wood of Aloes, Rhodium, Box, Ebony, Guajacum,
Nephriticum, Rosemary, Sassafras, Tamarisk.

_Some cold._ As Cypress, Willow, Sanders white, red, and yellow.

Rosemary is appropriated to the head, wood of Aloes to the heart
and stomach, Rhodium to the bowels and bladder, Nephriticum to the
liver, spleen, reins and bladder, Sassafras to the breast, stomach and
bladder, Tamarisk to the spleen, Sanders cools the heart and spirits in
fevers.

For the particular virtues of each, see that part of the book preceding.


HERBS.

College.] _Southernwood male and female. Wormwood, common, Roman, and
such as bear Wormseed, Sorrel, wood Sorrel, Maiden-hair common, white
or wall Rue, black and golden Maudlin, Agremony, Vervain, Mallow,
Ladies Mantle, Chickweed, Marshmallows, and Pimpernel both male and
female, Water Pimpernel, Dill, Angelica, Smallage, Goose-grass, or
Cleavers, Columbine, wild Tansie, or Silver Weed, Mugwort, Asarabacca,
Woodroofe, Arach, Distaff Thistle, Mousear, Costmary, or Alcost,
Burdock greater and lesser, Brooklime, or water Pimpernel, Beets
white, red, and black, Betony of the wood and water. Daisies greater
and lesser, Blite, Mercury, Borrage, Oak of Jerusalem, Cabbages,
Sodonella, Briony white and black, Bugloss, Buglesse, Shepherd’s
Purse, Ox-eye, Box leaves, Calaminth of the Mountains and Fens,
Ground Pine, Wood-bine, or Honey-suckles, Lady-smocks, Marygolds, Our
Lady’s Thistle, Carduus Benedictus, Avens, small Spurge, Horse-tail,
Coleworts, Centaury the less, Knotgrass, Cervil, Germander, Camomile,
Chamepytis female Southernwood, Chelene, Pilewort, Chicory, Hemlock,
garden and sea Scurvy-grass, Fleawort, Comfry great, middle, or bugle,
least or Daisies, Sarasens, Confound, Buck-horn, Plantain, May weed,
(or Margweed, as we in Sussex call it) Orpine, Sampeer, Crosewort,
Dodder, Blue Bottle great and small, Artichokes, Houndstone, Cypress
leaves, Dandelion, Dittany of Treet, Box leaves, Teazles garden and
wild, Dwarff Elder, Viper’s Bugloss, Lluellin, Smallage, Endive,
Elecampane, Horsetail, Epithimum, Groundsel, Hedge-mustard, Spurge,
Agrimony, Maudlin, Eye-bright, Orpine, Fennel, Sampeer, Fillipendula,
Indian leaf, Strawberry leaves, Ash tree leaves, Fumitory, Goat’s Rue,
Lady’s Bedstraw, Broom, Muscatu, Herb Robert, Doves Foot, Cottonweed,
Hedge Hyssop, Tree Ivy, Ground Ivy, or Alehoof, Elecampane, Pellitory
of the wall, Liver-wort, Cowslips, Rupture-wort, Hawkweed, Monk’s
Rhubarb, Alexanders, Clary garden and wild, Henbane, St. John’s-wort,
Horsetongue, or double tongue, Hysop, Sciatica cresses, small Sengreen,
Sharewort, Woad, Reeds, Schænanth, Chamepitys, Glasswort, Lettice,
Lagobus, Arch-angel, Burdock great and small, Lavender, Laurel, Bay
leaves, English and Alexandrian, Duckweed, Dittander, or Pepper-wort,
Lovage, Privet, Sea bugloss, Toad flax, Harts-tongue, sweet Trefoil,
Wood-sorrel, Hops, Willow-herb, Marjoram, common and tree Mallows,
Mandrake, Hore-hound white and black, Herb Mastich, Featherfew,
Woodbine, Melilot, Bawm garden and water, Mints, Horse-mints,
Mercury, Mezereon, Yarrow, Devil’s-bit, Moss, sweet Chivil, Mirtle
leaves, Garden and water Cresses, Nep, Tobacco, Money-wort, Water
Lilies, Bazil, Olive Leaves, Rest-harrow, Adder’s Tongue, Origanum,
sharp-pointed Dock, Poppy, white, black, and red, or Erratick,
Pellitory of the Wall, Cinquefoil, Ars-smart spotted and not spotted,
Peach Leaves, Thoroughwax, Parsley, Hart’s Tongue, Valeriak, Mouse-ear,
Burnet, small Spurge, Plantain common and narrow leaved, Mountain and
Cretick Poley, Knotgrass, Golden Maidenhair, Poplar leaves and buds,
Leeks, Purslain, Silverweed, or wild Tansy, Horehound white and black,
Primroses, Self-heal, Field Pellitory, or Sneezewort, Pennyroyal,
Fleabane, Lungwort, Winter-green, Oak leaves and buds, Docks, common
rue, Wall Rue or white Maidenhair, wild Rue, Savin, Osier Leaves,
Garden Sage the greater and lesser, Wild Sage, Elder leaves and
buds, Marjorum, Burnet, Sanicle, Sopewort, Savory, White Saxifrage,
Scabious, Chicory, Schœnanth, Clary, Scordium, Figwort, Houseleek, or
Sengreen the greater and lesser, Groundsel, Senna leaves and pods,
Mother of Time, Solomon’s Seal, Alexanders, Nightshade, Soldanela,
Sow-thistles, smooth and rough, Flixweed, common Spike, Spinach,
Hawthorn, Devil’s-bit, Comfry, Tamarisk leaves, Tansy, Dandelyon,
Mullen or Higcaper, Time, Lime tree leaves, Spurge, Tormentil, common
and golden Trefoil, Wood-sorrel, sweet Trefoil, Colt’s-foot, Valerian,
Mullen, Vervain, Paul’s Bettony, Lluellin, Violets, Tansy, Perewinkles,
Swallow-wort, golden Rod, Vine leaves, Meadsweet, Elm leaves,
Naval-wort, Nettles, common and Roman, Archangel, or dead Nettles,
white and red._

_Culpeper._ These be the herbs as the college set down to look upon, we
will see if we can translate them in another form to the benefit of the
body of man.

_Herbs temperate in respect of heat, are_ common Maiden-hair,
Wall-rue, black and golden Maiden-hair, Woodroof, Bugle, Goat’s Rue,
Hart’s-tongue, sweet Trefoil, Flixweed, Cinquefoil, Trefoil, Paul’s
Bettony, Lluellin.

_Intemperate and hot in the first degree, are_ Agrimony, Marsh-mallows,
Goose-grass or Cleavers, Distaff Thistle, Borrage, Bugloss, or Lady’s
Thistles, Avens, Cetrach, Chervil, Chamomel, Eyebright, Cowslips,
Melilot, Bazil, Self-heal.

_In the second._ Common and Roman Wormwood, Maudlin, Lady’s Mantle,
Pimpernel male and female, Dill, Smallage, Mugwort, Costmary, Betony,
Oak of Jerusalem, Marigold, Cuckooflowers, Carduus Benedictus, Centaury
the less, Chamepitys, Scurvy-grass, Indian Leaf, Broom, Ale-hoof,
Alexanders, Double-tongue, or Tongue-blade, Archangel, or dead Nettles,
Bay Leaves, Marjoram, Horehound, Bawm, Mercury, Devil’s-bit, Tobacco,
Parsley, Poley mountain, Rosemary, Sage, Sanicle Scabious, Senna,
Soldanella, Tansy, Vervain, Perewinkle.

_In the third degree._ Southernwood male and female, Brooklime,
Angelica, Briony white and black, Calaminth, Germander, Sullendine,
Pilewort, Fleabane, Dwarf Elder, Epithimun, Bank-cresses, Clary,
Glasswort, Lavender, Lovage, Herb Mastich, Featherfew, Mints,
Water-cresses, Origanum, biting Arsmart, called in Latin Hydropiper,
(the college confounds this with _Persicaria_, or mild Arsmart, which
is cold) Sneezewort, Pennyroyal, Rue, Savin, summer and winter Savory,
Mother of Time, Lavender, Spike, Time, Nettles.

_In the fourth degree._ Sciatica-cresses, Stone-crop, Dittany, or
Pepper-wort, garden-cresses, Leeks, Crowfoot, Rosa Solis, Spurge.

_Herbs cold in the first degree._ Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, Arach, Burdock,
Shepherd’s-purse, Pellitory of the wall, Hawk-weed, Mallows, Yarrow,
mild Arsmart, called _Persicaria_, Burnet, Coltsfoot, Violets.

_Cold in the second degree._ Chickweed, wild Tansy, or Silverweed,
Daisies, Knotgrass, Succory, Buck-horn, Plantain, Dandelyon, Endive,
Fumitory, Strawberry leaves, Lettice, Duck-meat, Plantain, Purslain,
Willow leaves.

_In the third degree._ Sengreen, or House-leek, Nightshade.

_In the fourth degree._ Hemlock, Henbane, Mandrakes, Poppies.

_Herbs dry in the first degree._ Agrimony, Marsh-mallows, Cleavers,
Burdocks, Shepherds-purse, our Lady’s Thistle, Chervil, Chamomel,
Eye-bright, Cowslips, Hawkweed, Tongue-blade, or double tongue,
Melilot, mild Arsmart, Self-heal, Senna, Flixweed, Coltsfoot,
Perewinkle.

_Dry in the second degree._ Common and Roman Wormwood, Sorrel,
Wood-sorrel, Maudlin, Lady’s mantle, Pimpernel male and female,
Dill, Smallage, wild Tansy, or Silverweed, Mugwort, Distaff Thistle,
Costmary, Betony, Bugle, Cuckooflowers, Carduus Benedictus, Avens,
Centaury the less, Chicory, commonly called Succory, Scurvy-grass,
Buckhorn, Plantain, Dandelyon, Endive, Indian Leaf, Strawberry leaves,
Fumitory, Broom, Alehoof, Alexanders, Archangel, or Dead Nettles, white
and red, Bay Leaves, Marjoram, Featherfew, Bawm, Mercury, Devil’s-bit,
Tobacco, Parsley, Burnet, Plantain, Rosemary, Willow Leaves, Sage,
Santicle, Scabious, Soldanella, Vervain.

_Dry in the third degree._ Southernwood, male and female, Brooklime,
Angelica, Briony, white and black, Calamint, Germander, Chamepitys,
Selandine, Pilewort, Fleabane, Epithinum, Dwarf-Elder, Bank cresses,
Clary, Glasswort, Lavender, Lovage, Horehound, Herb Mastic, Mints,
Watercresses, Origanum, Cinquefoil, hot Arsmart, Poley mountain,
Sneezewort, Penny-royal, Rue, or herb of Grace, Savin, winter and
summer Savory, Mother of Time, Lavender, Silk, Tansy, Time, Trefoil.

_In the fourth degree._ Garden-cresses, wild Rue, Leeks, Onions,
Crowfoot, Rosa Solis, Garlic, Spurge.

_Herbs moist in the first degree._ Borrage, Bugloss, Marigolds,
Pellitory of the wall, Mallows, Bazil.

_In the fourth degree._ Chickweed, Arach, Daisies, Lettice, Duckmeat,
Purslain, Sow Thistles, Violets, Water-lilies.

_Herbs appropriated to certain parts of the body
of man._

_Heat the head._ Maudlin, Costmary, Betony, Carduus Benedictus,
Sullendine, Scurvy-grass, Eye-bright, Goat’s Rue, Cowslips, Lavender,
Laurel, Lovage, herb Mastich, Feather-few, Melilot, Sneezewort,
Penny-royal, Senna, Mother of Time, Vervain, Rosemary.

_Heat the throat._ Archangel white and red, otherwise called dead
Nettles, Devil’s-bit.

_Heat the breast._ Maiden-hair, white, black, common and golden,
Distaff Thistle, Time, Betony, Calaminth, Chamomel, Fennel,
Indian-leaf, Bay leaves, Hyssop, Bawm, Horehound, Oak of Jerusalem,
Germander, Melilot, Origanum, Rue, Scabious, Periwinkles, Nettles.

_Heat the heart._ Southernwood male and female, Angelica, Wood-roof,
Bugloss, Carduus Benedictus, Borrage, Goat’s Rue, Senna, Bazil,
Rosemary, Elecampane.

_Heat the stomach._ Wormwood common and Roman, Smallage, Avens, Indian
leaf, Broom, Schenanth, Bay leaves, Bawm, Mints, Parsley, Fennel, Time,
Mother of Time, Sage.

_Heat the liver._ Agrimony, Maudlin, Pimpernel, male and female,
Smallage, Costmary, or Ale cost, our Lady’s Thistles, Centaury the
less, Germander, Chamepytis, Selandine, Sampier, Fox Gloves, Ash-tree
leaves, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Horehound, Water-cresses, Parsley,
Poley Mountain, Sage, Scordium, Senna, Mother of Time, Soldanella,
Asarabacca, Fennel, Hyssop, Spikenard.

_Heat the bowels._ Chamomel, Alehoofe, Alexanders.

_Heat the spleen._ All the four sorts of Maiden-hair, Agrimony,
Smallage, Centaury the less, Cetrach, Germander, Chamepitys, Samphire,
Fox-glove, Epithimum, Ash-tree, Bay leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Horehound,
Parsley, Poley, Mountain Sage, Scordium, Senna, Mother of Time,
Tamarisk, Wormwood, Water-cresses, Hart’s-tongue.

_Heat the reins and bladder._ Agrimony, Maudlin, Marsh-mallows,
Pimpernel male and female, Brooklime, Costmary, Bettony, Chervil,
Germander, Chamomel, Samphire, Broom, Rupture-wort, Clary, Schenanth,
Bay-leaves, Toad-flax, Hops, Melilot, Water-cresses, Origanum,
Pennyroyal, Scordium, Vervain, Mother of Time, Rocket, Spikenard,
Saxifrage, Nettles.

_Heat the womb._ Maudlin, Angelica, Mugwort, Costmary, Calaminth,
Flea-bane, May-weed, Ormarg-weed, Dittany of Crete, Schenanth,
Arch-angel or Dead Nettles, Melilot, Feather-few, Mints, Devil’s-bit,
Origanum, Bazil, Pennyroyal, Savin, Sage, Scordium, Tansy, Time,
Vervain, Periwinkles, Nettles.

_Heat the joints._ Cowslips, Sciatica-cresses, hot Arsmart,
Garden-cresses, Costmary, Agrimony, Chamomel, Saint John’s-wort,
Melilot, Water-cresses, Rosemary, Rue, Sage, Stechas.

_Herbs cooling the head._ Wood-sorrel, Teazles, Lettice, Plantain,
Willow-leaves, Sengreen or Houseleek, Strawberry-leaves, Violet-leaves,
Fumitory, Water Lilies.

_Cool the throat._ Orpine, Strawberry leaves, Privet, Bramble leaves.

_Breast._ Mulberry leaves, Bramble leaves, Violet leaves, Strawberry
leaves, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel, Poppies, Orpine, Moneywort, Plantain,
Colt’s-foot.

_Heart._ Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Viper’s Bugloss, Lettice, Burnet, Violet
leaves, Strawberry leaves, and Water-Lilies.

_Stomach._ Sorrel, Wood sorrel, Succory, Orpine, Dandelyon, Endive,
Strawberry leaves, Hawkweed, Lettice, Purslain, Sow Thistles, Violet
leaves.

_Liver._ Sorrel, Woodsorrel, Dandelyon, Endive, Succory, Strawberry
leaves, Fumitory, Liverwort, Lettice, Purslain, Nightshade, Water
Lilies.

_Bowels._ Fumitory, Mallows, Buckthorn, Plantain, Orpine, Plantain,
Burnet.

_Spleen._ Fumitory, Endive, Succory, Lettice.

_Reins and bladder._ Knotgrass, Mallows, Yarrow, Moneywort, Plantain,
Endive, Succory, Lettice, Purslain, Water Lilies, Houseleek or Sengreen.

_The womb._ Wild Tansy, Arrach, Burdocks, Willow herb, Mirtle leaves,
Moneywort, Purslain, Sow Thistles, Endive, Succory, Lettice, Water
Lilies, Sengreen.

_The joints._ Willow leaves, Vine leaves, Lettice, Henbane, Nightshade,
Sengreen or Houseleek.

_Herbs altering according to property, in operation,
some bind, as_

Amomus, Agnus Castus, Shepherd’s purse, Cypress, Horsetail, Ivy, Bay
leaves, Melilot, Bawm, Mirtles, Sorrel, Plantain, Knot-grass, Comfry,
Cinquefoil, Fleawort, Purslain, Oak leaves, Willow leaves, Sengreen or
Houseleek, &c.

_Open, as_, Garlick, Onions, Wormwood, Mallows, Marsh-mallows,
Pellitory of the Wall, Endive, Succory, &c.

_Soften._ Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Beets, Pellitory of the Wall,
Violet leaves, Strawberry leaves, Arrach, Cypress leaves, Bay leaves,
Fleawort, &c.

_Harden._ Purslain, Nightshade, Houseleek or Sengreen, Duckmeat, and
most other herbs that are very cold.

_Extenuate._ Mugwort, Chamomel, Hysop, Pennyroyal, Stœchas, Time,
Mother of Time, Juniper, &c.

_Discuss._ Southernwood male and female, all the four sorts of
Maidenhair, Marsh-mallows, Dill, Mallows, Arrach, Beets, Chamomel,
Mints, Melilot, Pelitory of the Wall, Chickweed, Rue, Stœchas, Marjoram.

_Draw._ Pimpernel, Birthwort, Dittany, Leeks, Onions, Garlick, and also
take this general rule, as all cold things bind and harden, so all
things very hot are drying.

_Suppure._ Mallows, Marsh-mallows, White Lily leaves, &c.

_Cleanse._ Pimpernel, Southernwood, Sparagus, Cetrach, Arrach,
Wormwood, Beet, Pellitory of the Wall, Chamepitis, Dodder, Liverwort,
Horehound, Willow leaves, &c.

_Glutinate._ Marsh-mallows, Pimpernel, Centaury, Chamepitis,
Mallows, Germander, Horsetail, Agrimony, Maudlin, Strawberry leaves,
Woad-chervil, Plantain, Cinquefoil, Comfry, Bugle, Self-heal,
Woundwort, Tormentil, Rupture-wort, Knot-grass, Tobacco.

_Expel wind._ Wormwood, Garlick, Dill, Smallage, Chamomel, Epithimum,
Fennel, Juniper, Marjoram, Origanum, Savory both winter and summer.
Tansy is good to cleanse the stomach and bowels of rough viscous flegm,
and humours that stick to them, which the flegmatic constitution of the
winter usually infects the body of man with, and occasions gouts and
other diseases of like nature and lasting long. This was the original
of that custom to eat Tansys in the spring; the herb may be made into
a conserve with sugar, or boil it in wine and drink the decoction, or
make the juice into a syrup with sugar, which you will.

_Herbs breed seed._ Clary, Rocket, and most herbs that are hot and
moist, and breed wind.

_Provoke the terms._ Southernwood, Garlick, all the sorts of Maiden
hair, Mugwort, Wormwood, Bishops-weed, Cabbages, Bettony, Centaury,
Chamomel, Calaminth, Germander, Dodder, Dittany, Fennel, St. John’s
Wort, Marjoram, Horehound, Bawm, Water-cresses, Origanum, Bazil,
Pennyroyal, Poley mountain, Parsley, Smallage, Rue, Rosemary, Sage,
Savin, Hartwort, Time, Mother of Time, Scordium, Nettles.

_Stop the terms._ Shepherd’s purse, Strawberries, Mirtles, Water
Lilies, Plantain, Houseleek or Sengreen, Comfry, Knotgrass.

_Resist poison._ Southernwood, Wormwood, Garlick, all sorts of Maiden
hair, Smallage, Bettony, Carduus Benedictus, Germander, Calaminth,
Alexanders, Carline Thistle, Agrimony, Fennel, Juniper, Horehound,
Origanum, Pennyroyal, Poley-mountain, Rue, Scordium, Plantain.

_Discuss swellings._ Maiden-hair, Cleavers, or Goosegrass, Mallows,
Marsh-mallows, Docks, Bawm, Water-cresses, Cinquefoil, Scordium, &c.

_Ease pain._ Dil, Wormwood, Arach, Chamomel, Calaminth, Chamepitis,
Henbane, Hops, Hog’s Fennel, Parsley, Rosemary, Rue, Marjoram, Mother
of Time.

_Herbs Purging._

_Choler._ Groundsel, Hops, Peach leaves, Wormwood, Centaury, Mallows,
Senna.

_Melancholy._ Ox-eye, Epithimum, Fumitory, Senna, Dodder.

_Flegm and water._ Briony, white and black, Spurge, both work most
violently and are not fit for a vulgar use, Dwarf Elder, Hedge Hyssop,
Laurel leaves, Mercury, Mezereon also purges violently, and so doth
Sneezewort, Elder leaves, Senna.

For the particular operations of these, as also how to order the body
after purges, the quantity to be taken at a time, you have been in part
instructed already, and shall be more fully hereafter.


FLOWERS.

College.] _Wormwood, Agnus Castus, Amaranthus, Dill, Rosemary,
Columbines, Orrenges, Balaustins, or Pomegranate Flowers, Bettony,
Borrage, Bugloss, Marigolds, Woodbine or Honeysuckles, Clove
Gilliflowers, Centaury the less, Chamomel, Winter Gilliflowers,
Succory, Comfry the greater, Saffron, Blue-bottle great and small,
(_Synosbatus_, _Tragus_, and _Dedonæus_ hold our white
thorn to be it, _Cordus_ and _Marcelus_ think it to be
Bryars, _Lugdunensis_ takes it for the sweet Bryar, but what our
College takes it for, I know not) Cytinus, (_Dioscorides_ calls
the flowers of the Manured Pomegranates, Cytinus, but _Pliny_
calls the flowers of the wild kind by that name,) Fox-glove, Vipers
Bugloss, Rocket, Eye-bright, Beans, Fumitory, Broom, Cowslips, St.
John’s Wort, Hysop, Jessamine or Shrub, Trefoil, Archangel, or Dead
Nettles white and red, Lavender, Wall-flowers, or Winter-Gilliflowers,
Privet, Lilies white, and of the valley, Hops, Common and tree Mallows,
Feather-few, Woodbine, or Honeysuckles, Melilot, Bawm, Walnuts,
Water-Lilies white and yellow, Origanum, Poppies white and red, or
Erraticks, Poppies, or corn Roses, so called because they grow amongst
Corn, Peony, Honeysuckles, or Woodbine, Peach-flowers, Primroses,
Self-heal, Sloe bush, Rosemary flowers, Roses, white, damask and red,
Sage, Elder, white Saxifrage, Scabious, Siligo, (I think they mean
wheat by it, Authors are not agreed about it) Steches, Tamarisk, Tansy,
Mullen or Higtaper, Limetree, Clove Gilliflowers, Colt’s-foot, Violets,
Agnus Castus, Dead Nettles white and red._

_Culpeper._] That these may be a little explained for the public good:
be pleased to take notice.

_Some are hot in the first degree, as_ Borrage, Bugloss, Bettony,
Ox-eye, Melilot, Chamomel, Stœchas.

_Hot in the second degree._ Amomus, Saffron, Clove-gilliflowers,
Rocket, Bawm, Spikenard, Hops, Schenanth, Lavender, Jasmine, Rosemary.

_In the third degree._ Agnus Castus, Epithimum, Winter-gilliflowers,
or Wallflowers, Woodbine, or Honey-suckles.

_Cold in the first degree._ Mallows, Roses, red, white, and damask
Violets.

_In the second._ Anemom, or Wind-flower, Endive, Succory, Water-lilies,
both white and yellow.

_In the third._ Balaustins, or Pomegranate flowers.

_In the fourth._ Henbane, and all the sorts of Poppies, only whereas
authors say, field Poppies, which some call red, others erratick and
corn Roses, are the coldest of all the others; yet my opinion is, that
they are not cold in the fourth degree.

_Moist in the first degree._ Borrage, Bugloss, Mallows, Succory, Endive.

_In the second._ Water-lilies, Violets.

_Dry in the first degree._ Ox-eye, Saffron, Chamomel, Melilot, Roses.

_In the second._ Wind-flower, Amomus, Clove-gilliflowers, Rocket,
Lavender, Hops, Peony, Rosemary, Spikenard.

_In the third._ Woodbine, or Honey-suckles, Balaustines, Epithimum,
Germander, Chamepitis.

The temperature of any other flowers not here mentioned are of the same
temperature with the herbs, you may gain skill by searching there for
them, you can loose none.

_For the parts of the body, they are appropriated
to, some heat_

_The head_; _as_, Rosemary flowers, Self-heal, Chamomel, Bettony,
Cowslips, Lavender, Melilot, Peony, Sage, Stœchas.

_The breast._ Bettony, Bawm, Scabious, Schœnanth.

_The heart._ Bawm, Rosemary flowers, Borrage, Bugloss, Saffron,
Spikenard.

_The stomach._ Rosemary-flowers, Spikenard, Schœnanth.

_The liver._ Centaury, Schænanth, Elder, Bettony, Chamomel, Spikenard.

_The spleen._ Bettony, Wall-flowers.

_The reins and bladder._ Bettony, Marsh-mallows, Melilot, Schœnanth,
Spikenard.

_The womb._ Bettony, Squinanth or Schenanth, Sage, Orris or
Flower-de-luce.

_The joints._ Rosemary-flowers, Cowslips, Chamomel, Melilot.

_Flowers, as they are cooling, so they cool_

_The head._ Violets, Roses, the three sorts of Poppies, and
Water-lilies.

_The breast and heart._ Violets, Red Roses, Water-lilies.

_The stomach._ Red Roses, Violets.

_The liver and spleen._ Endive, and Succory.

Violets, Borrage, and Bugloss, moisten the heart, Rosemary-flowers,
Bawm and Bettony, dry it.

_According to property, so they bind._

Balaustins, Saffron, Succory, Endive, red-roses, Melilot, Bawm,
Clove-gilliflowers, Agnus Castus.

_Discuss._ Dill, Chamomel, Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Melilot, Stœchas, &c.

_Cleanse._ Damask-roses, Elder flowers, Bean flowers, &c.

_Extenuate._ Orris, or Flower-de-luce, Chamomel, Melilot, Stœchas, &c.

_Mollify._ Saffron, white Lilies, Mallows, Marsh-mallows, &c.

_Suppure._ Saffron, white Lilies, &c.

_Glutinate._ Balaustines, Centaury, &c.

_Provoke the terms._ Bettony, Centaury, Chamomel, Schœnanth,
Wall-flowers, Bawm Peony, Rosemary, Sage.

_Stop the terms._ Balaustines, or Pomegranate flowers, Water Lilies.

_Expel wind._ Dill, Chamomel, Schœnanth, Spikenard.

_Help burnings._ White Lilies, Mallows, Marsh-mallows.

_Resist poison._ Bettony, Centaury.

_Ease pain._ Dill, Chamomel, Centaury, Melilot, Rosemary.

_Flowers purge choler._ Peach flowers, Damask Roses, Violets.

_Flegm._ Broom flowers, Elder flowers.

If you compare but the quality of the flowers with the herbs, and with
the explanation of these terms at the latter end, you may easily find
the temperature and property of the rest.

The flowers of Ox-eye being boiled into a poultice with a little barley
meal, take away swellings and hardness of the flesh, being applied warm
to the place.

Chamomel flowers heat, discuss, loosen and rarify, boiled in Clysters,
they are excellent in the wind cholic, boiled in wine, and the
decoction drunk, purges the reins, break the stone, opens the pores,
cast out choleric humours, succours the heart, and eases pains and
aches, or stiffness coming by travelling.

The flowers of Rocket used outwardly, discuss swellings, and dissolve
hard tumors, you may boil them into a poultice, but inwardly taken they
send but unwholesome vapours up to the head.

Hops open obstructions of the bowels, liver, and spleen, they cleanse
the body of choler and flegm, provoke urine.

Jasmine flowers boiled in oil, and the grieved place bathed with it,
takes away cramps and stitches in the sides.

The flowers of Woodbine, or Honeysuckles, being dryed and beaten
into powder, and a dram taken in white wine in the morning, helps
the rickets, difficulty of breathing; provoke urine, and help the
stranguary.

The flowers of Mallows being bruised and boiled in honey (two ounces
of the flowers is sufficient for a pound of honey; and having first
clarified the honey before you put them in) then strained out; this
honey taken with a liquorice stick, is an excellent remedy for Coughs,
Asthmas, and consumptions of the lungs.


FRUITS.

College.] _Winter-cherries, Love Apples, Almonds sweet and bitter,
Anacardia, Oranges, Hazel Nuts, the oily Nut Ben, Barberries, Capers,
Guinny Pepper, Figs, Carpobalsamum, Cloves, Cassia Fistula, Chestnuts,
Cherries black and red, Cicers, white, black and red, Pome Citrons,
Coculus Indi, Colocynthis, Currants, Cornels or Cornelian Cherries,
Cubebs, Cucumbers garden and wild, Gourds, Cynosbatus, Cypress, Cones,
Quinces, Dates, Dwarf-Elder, Green Figs, Strawberries, common and
Turkey Galls, Acorns, Acorn Cups, Pomegranates, Gooseberries, Ivy,
Herb True-Love, Walnuts, Jujubes, Juniper berries, Bayberries, Lemons,
Oranges, Citrons, Quinces, Pomegranates, Lemons, Mandrakes, Peaches,
Stramonium, Apples, garden and wild, or Crabs and Apples, Musk Melons,
Medlars, Mulberries, Myrobalans, Bellericks, Chebs, Emblicks, Citron
and Indian, Mirtle, Berries, water Nuts, Hazel Nuts, Chestnuts, Cypress
Nuts, Walnuts, Nutmegs, Fistick Nuts, Vomiting Nuts, Olives pickled in
brine, Heads of white and black Poppies, Pompions, Peaches, French or
Kidney Beans, Pine, Cones, white, black, and long Pepper, Fistick Nuts,
Apples and Crabs, Prunes, French and Damask, Sloes, Pears, English
Currants, Berries of Purging Thorn, black Berries, Raspberries, Elder
berries, Sebastens, Services, or Checkers, Hawthorn berries, Pine Nuts,
Water Nuts, Grapes, Gooseberries, Raisins, Currants._

_Culpeper._] That you may reap benefit by these, be pleased to
consider, that they are some of them

_Temperate in respect of heat._ Raisins of the sun, Currants, Figs,
Pine Nuts, Dates, Sebastens.

_Hot in the first degree._ Sweet Almonds, Jujubes, Cypress Nuts, green
Hazel Nuts, green Walnuts.

_Hot in the second degree._ The Nut Ben, Capers, Nutmegs, dry Walnuts,
dry Hazel Nuts, Fistick Nuts.

_In the third degree._ Juniper Berries, Cloves, Carpobalsamum, Cubebs,
Anacardium, bitter Almonds.

_In the fourth degree._ Pepper, white, black and long, Guinny Pepper.

_Cold in the first degree._ The flesh of Citrons, Quinces, Pears,
Prunes, &c.

_In the second._ Gourds, Cucumbers, Melons, Pompions, Oranges, Lemons,
Citrons, Pomegranates, viz. the juice of them, Peaches, Prunes, Galls,
Apples.

_In the third._ Mandrakes.

_In the fourth._ Stramonium.

_Moist in the first degree._ The flesh of Citrons, Lemons, Oranges,
viz. the inner rhind which is white, the outer rhind is hot.

_In the second._ Gourds, Melons, Peaches, Prunes, &c.

_Dry in the first degree._ Juniper Berries.

_In the second._ The Nut Ben, Capers, Pears, Fistick Nuts, Pine Nuts,
Quinces, Nutmegs, Bay berries.

_In the third._ Cloves, Galls, &c.

_In the fourth._ All sorts of pepper.

_As appropriated to the body of Man, so they
heat the head: as_

Anacardia, Cubebs, Nutmegs.

_The breast._ Bitter Almonds, Dates, Cubebs, Hazel Nuts, Pine Nuts,
Figs, Raisins of the sun, Jujubes.

_The heart._ Walnuts, Nutmegs, Juniper berries.

_The stomach._ Sweet Almonds, Cloves, Ben, Juniper berries, Nutmegs,
Pine Nuts, Olives.

_The spleen._ Capers.

_The reins and bladder._ Bitter Almonds, Juniper Berries, Cubebs, Pine
Nuts, Raisins of the sun.

_The womb._ Walnuts, Nutmegs, Bayberries, Juniper berries.

_Cool the breast._ Sebastens, Prunes, Oranges, Lemons.

_The heart._ Oranges, Lemons, Citrons, Pomegranates, Quinces, Pears.

_The stomach._ Quinces, Citruls, Cucumbers, Gourds, Musk Melons,
Pompions, Cherries, Gooseberries, Cornelian Cherries, Lemons, Apples,
Medlars, Oranges, Pears, English Currants, Cervices or Checkers.

_The liver._ Those that cool the stomach and Barberries.

_The reins and womb._ Those that cool the stomach, and Strawberries.

_By their several operations, some_

_Bind._ As the berries of Mirtles, Barberries, Chestnuts, Cornels,
or Cornelian Cherries, Quinces, Galls, Acorns, Acorn-cups, Medlars,
Checkers or Cervices, Pomegranates, Nutmegs, Olives, Pears, Peaches.

_Discuss._ Capers, all the sorts of Pepper.

_Extenuate._ Sweet and bitter Almonds, Bayberries, Juniper berries.

_Glutinate._ Acorns, Acorn Cups, Dates, Raisins of the sun, Currants.

_Expel Wind._ Bay berries, Juniper berries, Nutmegs, all the sorts of
Pepper.

_Breed seed._ Raisins of the sun, sweet Almonds, Pine Nuts, Figs, &c.

_Provoke urine._ Winter Cherries.

_Provoke the terms._ Ivy berries, Capers, &c.

_Stop the terms._ Barberries, &c.

_Resist poison._ Bay berries, Juniper berries, Walnuts, Citrons,
commonly called Pome Citrons, all the sorts of Pepper.

_Ease pain._ Bay berries, Juniper berries, Ivy berries, Figs, Walnuts,
Raisins, Currants, all the sorts of Pepper.

_Fruits purging._

_Choler._ Cassia Fistula, Citron Myrobalans, Prunes, Tamarinds, Raisins.

_Melancholy._ Indian Myrobalans.

_Flegm._ Colocynthis and wild Cucumbers purge violently, and therefore
not rashly to be meddled withal: I desire my book should be beneficial,
not hurtful to the vulgar, but Myrobalans of all sorts, especially
Chebs, Bellericks and Emblicks, purge flegm very gently, and without
danger.

Of all these give me leave to commend only one to you as of special
concernment which is Juniper berries.


SEEDS.

College.] _Sorrel, Agnus Castus, Marsh-mallows, Bishop’s weed true
and common, Amomus, Dill, Angellica, Annis, Rose-seed, Smallage,
Columbines, Sparagus, Arach, Oats, Oranges, Burdocks, Bazil,
Barberries, Cotton, Bruscus or Knee-holly, Hemp, Cardamoms greater and
lesser, Carduus Benedictus, our Lady’s Thistles, Bastard, Saffron,
Caraway, Spurge greater and lesser, Coleworts, Onions, the Kernels of
Cherry stones, Chervil, Succory, Hemlock, Citrons, Citruls, Garden
Scurvy-grass, Colocynthis, Coriander, Samphire, Cucumbers garden
and wild, Gourds, Quinces, Cummin, Cynosbatus, Date-stones, Carrots
English, and cretish, Dwarf-Elder, Endive, Rocket, Hedge Mustard,
Orobus, Beans, Fennel, Fenugreek, Ash-tree keys, Fumitory, Brooms,
Grains of Paradise, Pomegranates, wild Rue, Alexanders, Barley, white
Henbane, St. John’s Wort, Hyssop, Lettice, Sharp-pointed-Dock, Spurge,
Laurel, Lentils, Lovage, Lemons, Ash-tree-keys, Linseed, or Flaxweed,
Gromwell, Darnel, Sweet Trefoil, Lupines, Masterwort, Marjoram,
Mallows, Mandrakes, Melons, Medlars, Mezereon, Gromwell, sweet Navew,
Nigella, the kernels of Cherries, Apricots, and Peaches, Bazil, Orobus,
Rice, Panick, Poppies white and black, Parsnips garden and wild,
Thorough Wax, Parsley, English and Macedonian, Burnet, Pease, Plantain,
Peony, Leeks, Purslain, Fleawort, Turnips, Radishes, Sumach, Spurge,
Roses, Rue, garden and wild, Wormseed, Saxifrage, Succory, Sesami,
Hartwort, common and cretish, Mustard-seed, Alexanders, Nightshade,
Steves Ager, Sumach, Treacle, Mustard, sweet Trefoil, Wheat, both the
fine flour and the bran, and that which starch is made of, Vetches or
Tares, Violets, Nettles, common and Roman, the stones of Grapes, Greek
Wheat, or Spelt Wheat._

_Culpeper._] That you may receive a little more benefit by these, than
the bare reading of them, which doth at the most but tell you what they
are; the following method may instruct you what they are good for.

_Seeds are hot in the first degree._

Linseed, Fenugreek, Coriander, Rice, Gromwell, Lupines.

_In the second._ Dill, Smallage, Orobus, Rocket, Bazil, Nettles.

_In the third._ Bishop’s Weed, Annis, Amomus, Carraway, Fennel, (and
so I believe Smallage too, let authors say what they will, for if the
herb of Smallage be somewhat hotter than Parsley; I know little reason
why the seed should not be so hot) Cardamoms, Parsley, Cummin, Carrots,
Nigella, Navew, Hartwort, Staves Ager.

_In the fourth._ Water-cresses, Mustard-seed.

_Cold in the first degree._ Barley, &c.

_In the second._ Endive, Lettice, Purslain, Succory, Gourds, Cucumbers,
Melons, Citruls, Pompions, Sorrel, Nightshade.

_In the third._ Henbane, Hemlock, Poppies white and black.

_Moist in the first degree._ Mallows, &c.

_Dry in the first degree._ Beans, Fennel, Fenugreek, Barley, Wheat, &c.

_In the second._ Orobus, Lentils, Rice, Poppies, Nightshade, and the
like.

_In the third._ Dill, Smallages, Bishop’s Weed, Annis, Caraway, Cummin,
Coriander, Nigella, Gromwell, Parsley.

_Appropriated to the body of man, and so they_

_Heat the head._ Fennel, Marjoram, Peony, &c.

_The breast._ Nettles.

_The heart._ Bazil, Rue, &c. Mustard seed, &c.

_The stomach._ Annis, Bishop’s weed, Amomus, Smallage, Cummin,
Cardamoms, Cubebs, Grains of Paradise.

_The liver._ Annis, Fennel, Bishop’s weed, Amomus, Smallage, Sparagus,
Cummin, Caraway, Carrots.

_The spleen._ Annis, Caraway, Water-cresses.

_The reins and bladder._ Cicers, Rocket, Saxifrage, Nettles, Gromwell.

_The womb._ Peony, Rue.

_The joints._ Water-cresses, Rue, Mustard-seed.

_Cool the head._ Lettice, Purslain, white Poppies.

_The breast._ White Poppies, Violets.

_The heart._ Orange, Lemon, Citron and Sorrel seeds.

Lastly, the four greater and four lesser cold seeds, which you may find
in the beginning of the compositions, as also the seed of white and
black Poppies cool the liver and spleen, reins and bladder, womb and
joints.

_According to operation some seeds_

_Bind, as_ Rose-seeds, Barberries, Shepherd’s purse, Purslain, &c.

_Discuss._ Dill, Carrots, Linseeds, Fenugreek, Nigella, &c.

_Cleanse._ Beans, Orobus, Barley, Lupines, Nettles, &c.

_Mollify._ Linseed, or Flax seed, Fenugreek seed, Mallows, Nigella.

_Harden._ Purslain seed, &c.

_Suppure._ Linseed, Fenugreek seed, Darnel, Barley husked, commonly
called French Barley.

_Glutinate._ Orobus, Lupines, Darnel, &c.

_Expel wind._ Annis, Dill, Smallage, Caraway, Cummin, Carrots, Fennel,
Nigella, Parsley, Hartwort, Wormseed.

_Breed seed._ Rocket, Beans, Cicers, Ash tree keys.

_Provoke the menses._ Amomus, Sparagus, Annis, Fennel, Bishop’s weed,
Cicers, Carrots, Smallage, Parsley, Lovage, Hartwort.

_Break the stone._ Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Gromwell, &c.

_Stop the terms._ Rose seeds, Cummin, Burdock, &c.

_Resist poison._ Bishop’s weed, Annis, Smallage, Cardamoms, Oranges,
Lemons, Citrons, Fennel, &c.

_Ease pain._ Dill, Amomus, Cardamoms, Cummin, Carrots, Orobus,
Fenugreek, Linseed, Gromwell, Parsley, Panick.

_Assuage swellings._ Linseed, Fenugreek seeds, Marsh-mallows, Mallows,
Coriander, Barley, Lupines, Darnel, &c.

* * * * *

The College tells you a tale that there are such things in Rerum
Natura, as these, Gums, Rozins, Balsams, and Juices made thick, viz.

College.] _Juices of Wormwood and Maudlin, Acacia, Aloes, Lees of Oil,
Assafœtida, Balsam of Peru and India; Bdellium, Benzoin, Camphire,
Caranna, Colophonia, Juice of Maudlin, Euphorbium, Lees of Wine, Lees
of Oil, Gums of Galbanum, Amoniacum, Anime, Arabick, Cherry Trees,
Copal, Elemy, Juniper, Ivy, Plumb Trees, Cambuge, Hypocystis, Labdanum,
Lacca, Liquid Amber, Manna, Mastich, Myrrh, Olibanum, Opium, Opopanax,
Pice-bitumen, Pitch of the Cedar of Greece, Liquid and dry Rozins of
Fir-tree, Larch-tree, Pine tree, Pine-fruit, Mastich. Venice and Cyprus
Turpentine. Sugar, white, red, and Christaline, or Sugar Candy white
and red, Sagapen, Juniper, Gum, Sanguis Draconis, Sarcocolla, Scamony,
Styrax, Liquid and Calamitis, Tacha, Mahacca, Tartar, Frankincense,
Olibanum, Tragaganth, Birdlime._

_Culpeper._] That my country may receive more benefit than ever the
college of Physicians intended them from these, I shall treat of them
severally.

1. Of the Juices.
2. Of the Gums and Rosins.

_Concrete Juices, or Juices made thick, are either_

_Temperate_, _as_, Juice of Liquorice, white starch.

_Hot in the first degree._ Sugar.

_In the second._ Labdanum.

_In the third._ Benzoin, Assafœtida.

_Cold in the third degree._ Sanguis Draconis, Acacia.

_In the third._ Hypocistis.

_In the fourth._ Opium, and yet some authors think Opium is hot because
of its bitter taste.

_Aloes and Manna_ purge choler gently; and Scamony doth purge choler
violently, that it is no ways fit for a vulgar man’s use, for it
corrodes the Bowels. Opopoanax purges flegm very gently.

_White starch_ gently levigates or makes smooth such parts as are
rough, syrup of Violets being made thick with it and so taken on the
point of a knife, helps coughs, roughness of the throat, wheezing,
excoriations of the bowels, the bloody-flux.

Juice of _Liquorice_ helps roughness of the _Trachea Arteria_, which
is in plain English called the windpipe, the roughness of which causes
coughs and hoarseness, difficulty of breathing, &c. It allays the heat
of the stomach and liver, eases pains, soreness and roughness of the
reins and bladder, it quencheth thirst, and strengthens the stomach
exceedingly: It may easily be carried about in one’s pocket, and eat a
little now and then.

_Sugar_ cleanses and digests, takes away roughness of the tongue, it
strengthens the reins and bladder, being weakened: being beaten into
fine powder and put into the eyes, it takes away films that grow over
the sight.

_Labdanum_ is in operation, thickening, heating and mollifying, it
opens the passage of the veins, and keeps the hair from falling off;
the use of it is usually external: being mixed with wine, myrrh, and
oil of mirtles, and applied like a plaister, it takes away filthy
scars, and the deformity the small pox leaves behind them; being mixed
with oil of Roses, and dropped into the ears, it helps pains there;
being used as a pessary, it provokes the menses, and helps hardness or
stiffness of the womb. It is sometimes used inwardly in such medicines
as ease pains and help the cough: if you mix a little of it with old
white wine and drink it, it both provokes urine and stops looseness or
fluxes.

_Dragons blood_, cools, binds, and repels.

_Acasia_, and _Hyposistis_, do the like.

The juice of _Maudlin_, or, for want of it Costmary, which is the same
in effect, and better known to the vulgar, the juice is made thick for
the better keeping of it; first clarify the juice before you boil it to
its due thickness, which is something thicker than honey.

It is appropriated to the liver, and the quantity of a dram taken
every morning, helps the _Cachexia_, or evil disposition of the
body proceeding from coldness of the liver: it helps the rickets
and worms in children, provokes urine, and gently (without purging)
disburdens the body of choler and flegm; it succours the lungs, opens
obstructions, and resists putrifaction of blood.

_Gums are either temperate_, _as_, Lacca, Elemi, Tragacanth, &c.

_Intemperate_, _and so are hot in the first degree_, as Bdellium, Gum
of Ivy.

_In the second_, Galbanum, Myrrh, Mastich, Frankincense, Olibanum,
Pitch, Rozin, Styrax.

_In the third._ Amoniacum.

_In the fourth._ Euphorbium.

Gum Arabick is cold.

Colophonia and Styrax soften.

Gum Arabick and Tragacanth, Sandarack or Juniper Gum, and Sarcocolla
bind.

Gum of Cherry trees, breaks the stone.

Styrax provokes the menses.

Opopanax gently purges flegm.

From the prickly _Cedar_ when it is burned comes forth that which, with
us, is usually known by the name of Tar, and is excellently good for
unction either for scabs, itch, or manginess, either in men or beasts,
as also against the leprosy, tetters, ringworms, and scald heads.

All sorts of _Rozins_ fill up hollow ulcers, and relieve the body sore
pressed with cold griefs.

The _Rozin_ of Pitch-tree, is that which is commonly called Burgundy
pitch, and is something hotter and sharper than the former, being
spread upon a cloth is excellently good for old aches coming of former
bruises or dislocations.

_Pitch_ mollifies hard swellings, and brings boils and sores to
suppuration, it breaks carbuncles, disperses aposthumes, cleanses
ulcers of corruption and fills them with flesh.

_Bdellium_ heats and mollifies, and that very temperately, being mixed
with any convenient ointment or plaister, it helps kernels in the neck
and throat, _Scrophula_, or that disease which was called the King’s
Evil. Inwardly taken in any convenient medicine, it provokes the
menses, and breaks the stone, it helps coughs and bitings of venomous
beasts: it helps windiness of the spleen, and pains in the sides thence
coming. Both outwardly applied to the place and inwardly taken, it
helps ruptures or such as are burst, it softens the hardness of the
womb, dries up the moisture thereof and expels the dead child.

_Bitumen Jadaicum_ is a certain dry pitch which the dead sea, or lake
of _Sodom in India_ casts forth at certain times, the inhabitants
thereabouts pitch their ships with it. It is of excellent use to
mollify the hardness of swellings and discuss them, as also against
inflammations; the smoke of it burnt is excellently good for the fits
of the mother, and the falling-sickness: Inwardly taken in wine
it provokes the menses, helps the bitings of venomous beasts, and
dissolves congealed blood in the body.

_Ambergreese_ is hot and dry in the second degree, I will not dispute
whether it be a Gum or not: It strengthens nature much which way
soever it be taken, there are but few grains usually given of it at a
time: mixed with a little ointment of Orange flowers, and the temples
and forehead anointed with it, it eases the pains of the head and
strengthens the brain exceedingly; the same applied to the privities,
helps the fits of the mother; inwardly taken it strengthens the brain
and memory, the heart and vital spirit, warms cold stomachs, and is
an exceeding strengthener of nature to old people, adding vigour to
decayed and worn-out spirits: it provokes venery, and makes barren
women fruitful, if coldness and moisture or weakness be the cause
impediting.

_Assafœtida_ being smelled to, is vulgarly known to repress the fits of
the mother; a little bit put into an aching tooth, presently eases the
pain, ten grains of it taken before dinner, walking half an hour after
it, provokes appetite, helps digestion, strengthens the stomach, and
takes away loathing of meat, it provokes lust exceedingly and expels
wind as much.

_Borax_, besides the virtues it has to solder Gold, Silver, Copper, &c.
inwardly given in small quantities, it stops fluxes, and the running of
the reins: being in fine powder, and put into green wounds, it cures
them at once dressing.

_Gambuge_, which the College calls _Gutta Gamba_. I know no good of it.

_Caranna_ outwardly applied, is excellent for aches and swellings in
the nerves and joints: If you lay it behind the ears, it draws back
humours from the eyes; applied to the temples as they usually do
Mastich, it helps the tooth-ache.

_Gum Elimi_, authors appropriate to fractures in the skull and head.
See _Arceus’_ liniment.

_Gum Lacca_ being well purified, and the quantity of half a dram taken
in any convenient liquor, strengthens the stomach and liver, opens
obstructions, helps the yellow jaundice and dropsy; provokes urine,
breaks the stone in the reins and bladder.

Liquid _Amber_ is not much unlike liquid _Styrax_: by unction it warms
and comforts a cold and moist brain, it eases all griefs coming of
a cold cause, it mightily comforts and strengthens a weak stomach,
being anointed with it, and helps digestion exceedingly, it dissolves
swellings. It is hot in the third degree, and moist in the first.

I think it would do the commonwealth no harm if I should speak a word
or two on _Manna_ here, although it be no Gum: I confess authors make
some flutter about it, what it is, some holding it to be the juice
of a tree; I am confident it is the very same condensated that our
honey-dews here are, only the contries whence it comes being far
hotter, it falls in great abundance. Let him that desires reason for
it, be pleased to read _Butler’s_ book of Bees, a most excellent
experimental work, there he shall find reason enough to satisfy any
reasonable man. Choose the driest and whitest; it is a very gentle
purger of choler, quenches thirst, provokes appetite, eases the
roughness of the throat, helps bitterness in the throat, and often
proneness to vomit, it is very good for such as are subject to be
costive to put it into their drink instead of sugar, it hath no
obnoxious quality at all in it, but may be taken by a pregnant woman
without any danger; a child of a year old may take an ounce of it at
a time dissolved in milk, it will melt like sugar, neither will it be
known from it by the taste.

_Myrrh_ is hot and dry in the second degree, dangerous for pregnant
women, it is bitter, and yet held to be good for the roughness of
the throat and wind-pipe; half a dram of it taken at a time helps
rheumatic distillations upon the lungs, pains in the sides; it stops
fluxes, provokes the menses, brings away both birth and after-birth,
softens the hardness of the womb; being taken two hours before the
fit comes, it helps agues. _Mathiolus_ saith he seldom used any other
medicine for the quartan ague than a dram of myrrh given in Muskadel
an hour before the fit usually came; if you make it up into pills with
treacle, and take one of them every morning fasting, it is a sovereign
preservative against the pestilence, against the poison of serpents,
and other venomous beasts; a singular remedy for a stinking breath if
it arise from putrefaction of the stomach, it fastens loose teeth, and
stays the shedding off of the hair, outwardly used it breeds flesh in
deep wounds, and covers the naked bones with flesh.

_Olibanum_ is hot in the second degree, and dry in the first, you may
take a dram of it at a time, it stops looseness and the running of
the reins; it strengthens the memory exceedingly, comforts the heart,
expels sadness and melancholy, strengthens the heart, helps coughs,
rheums and pleurises; your best way (in my opinion,) to take it is to
mix it with conserve of roses, and take it in the morning fasting.

_Tachamacha_ is seldom taken inwardly, outwardly spread upon leather,
and applied to the navel; it stays the fits of the mother, applied to
the side, it mitigates speedily, and in little time quite takes away
the pain and windiness of the spleen; the truth is, whatsoever ache
or swelling proceeds of wind or cold raw humours, I know no better
plaister coming from beyond sea than this gum. It strengthens the
brain and memory exceedingly, and stops all such defluctions thence as
trouble the eyes, ears, or teeth, it helps the gout and sciatica.

_Gum Coopal, and Gum Anime_, are very like one another both in body and
operation, the former is hard to come by, the last not very easy. It
stops defluctions from the head, if you perfume your cap with the smoke
of it, it helps the headache and megrim, strengthens the brain, and
therefore the sinews.

_Gum Tragaganth_, which the vulgar call Gum Dragon, being mixed with
pectoral Syrups, (which you shall find noted in their proper places)
it helps coughs and hoarseness, salt and sharp distillations upon the
lungs, being taken with a liquorice stick, being dissolved in sweet
wine, it helps (being drank) gnawing in the bowels, sharpness and
freetings of the urine, which causes excoriations either in the reins
or bladder, being dissolved in milk and the eyes washed with it, it
takes away weals and scabs that grow on the eyelids, it is excellently
good to be put in poultice to fodder wounds, especially if the nerves
or sinews be hurt.

_Sagapen_, dissolved in juice of rue and taken, wonderfully breaks the
stone in the bladder, expels the dead child and afterbirth, clears
the sight; dissolved in wine and drank, it helps the cough, and
distillation upon the lungs, and the fits of the mother; outwardly
in oils or ointments, it helps such members as are out of joint or
over-stretched.

_Galbanum_ is of the same operation, and also taken from the same
plant, _viz._ Fennel, Giant.

_Gum Arabic_, thickens and cools, and corrects choleric sharp humours
in the body, being dissolved in the white of an egg, well beaten, it
helps burnings, and keeps the place from blistering.

_Mastich_ stays fluxes, being taken inwardly any way. Three or four
small grains of Mastich, swallowed at night going to bed, is a remedy
for pains in the stomach, being beaten into powder, and mixed with
conserve of Roses, it strengthens the stomach, stops distillations
upon the lungs, stay, vomiting, and causes a sweet breath; being mixed
with white wine and the mouth washed with it, it cleanses the gums of
corruption, and fastens loose teeth.

_Frankincense_ being used outwardly in the way of a plaister, heats and
binds; being applied to the temples, stops the rheums that flow to the
eyes, helps green wounds, and fills hollow ulcers with flesh, stops
the bleeding of wounds, though the arteries be cut; being made into an
ointment with Vinegar and Hog’s-grease, helps the itch, pains in the
ears, inflammations in women’s breasts commonly called agues in the
breast; beware of taking it inwardly, lest it cause madness.

_Turpentine_ is hot in the second degree, it heals, softens, it
discusses and purges, cleanses the reins, provokes urine.

_Styrax Calamitis_ is hot and dry in the second degree, it heals,
mollifies, and concocts; being taken inwardly helps the cough, and
distillations of the lungs, hoarseness and loss of voice, helps the
hardness of the womb, and provokes the menses.

_Ammoniacum_, hot and dry in the third degree, softens, draws, and
heats; being dissolved in vinegar, strained and applied plaister-wise,
it takes away carbuncles and hardness in the flesh, it is one of the
best remedies that I know for infirmities of the spleen, being applied
to the left side; being made into an ointment with oil, it is good to
anoint the limbs of such as are weary: a scruple of it being taken in
the form of a pill loosens the belly, gives speedy delivery to women in
travail, helps diseases of the spleen, the sciatica and all pains in
the joints, and have any humour afflicting their breast.

_Camphire_, it is held by all authority to be cold and dry in the
third degree, it is of very thin subtile parts, insomuch that being
beaten into very fine powder it will vanquish away into the air,
being beaten into powder and mixed with oil, and the temples anointed
therewith, eases headaches proceeding of heat, all inflammations
whatsoever, the back being anointed with the same, cools the reins,
and seminal vessels, stops the running of the reins and Fluor Albus,
the moderate use of Venery, the like it doth if it be drank inwardly
with Bettony-water, take but a small quantity of it at a time inwardly,
it resist poison and bitings by venomous beasts; outwardly, applied
as before, and the eyes anointed with it, stops hot rheums that flow
thither.

_Opopanax_ purges thick flegm from the most remote parts of the body,
_viz._ the brain, joints, hands, and feet, the nerves and breast, and
strengthens all those parts when they are weak, if the weakness proceed
of cold, as usually it doth; it helps weakness of the sight, old rotten
coughs, and gouts of all sorts, dropsies, and swellings of the spleen,
it helps the stranguary and difficulty of making urine, provokes the
menses, and helps all cold afflictions of the womb; have a care you
give it not to any pregnant women. The dose is one dram at most,
corrected with a little Mastich, dissolved in Vinegar and outwardly
applied helps the passions of the spleen.

* * * * *

In the next place the College tells you a tale concerning
Liquid, Juices, and Tears, which are to be kept for present
use, _viz._

College.] _Vinegar, Juice of Citrons, Juice of sour Grapes, Oranges,
Barberries, Tears of a Birch-tree, Juice of Cherries, Quinces,
Pomegranates, Lemons, Wood-sorrel, Oil of unripe Olives, and ripe
Olives, both new and old, Juice of red and Damask Roses, Wine Tears of
a Vine._

_Culpeper._] The virtues of the most of these may be found in the
Syrups, and are few of them used alone.

* * * * *

Then the College tells you there are things bred of PLANTS.

College.] _Agarick, Jew’s-ears, the berries of Chermes, the Spungy
substance of the Briar, Moss, Viscus Quercinus, Oak, Apples._

_Culpeper._] As the College would have you know this, so would I know
what the chief of them are good for.

_Jew’s-ears_ boiled in milk and drank, helps sore throats.

_Moss_ is cold, dry, and binding, therefore good for fluxes of all
sorts.

_Misleto of the Oak_, it helps the falling sickness and the
convulsions; being discreetly gathered and used.

_Oak Apples_ are dry and binding; being boiled in milk and drank, they
stop fluxes and the menses, and being boiled in vinegar, and the body
anointed with the vinegar, cures the itch.

* * * * *

Then the College acquaints you, That there are certain
living Creatures called

College.] _Bees, Woodlice, Silkworms, Toads, Crabs of the River, little
Puppy Dogs, Grass-hoppers, Cantharides, Cothanel, Hedge-hogs, Emmets
or Ants, Larks, Swallows, and their young ones, Horse-leeches, Snails,
Earthworms, Dishwashers or Wagtails, House Sparrows and Hedge Sparrows,
Frogs, Scineus, Land Scorpions, Moles, or Monts, Tortoise of the Woods,
Tenches, Vipers and Foxes._

_Culpeper._] That part of this crew of Cattle and some others which
they have not been pleased to learn, may be made beneficial to your
sick bodies, be pleased to understand, that

_Bees_ being burnt to ashes, and a lye made with the ashes, trimly
decks a bald head being washed with it.

_Snails_ with shells on their backs, being first washed from the dirt,
then the shells broken, and they boiled in spring water, but not
scummed at all, for the scum will sink of itself, and the water drank
for ordinary drink is a most admirable remedy for consumption; being
bruised and applied to the place they help the gout, draw thorns out of
the flesh, and held to the nose help the bleeding thereof.

* * * * *

Therefore consider that the College gave the Apothecaries
a catalogue of what _Parts of Living creatures_ and
_Excrements_ they must keep in their shops.

College.] _The fat, grease, or suet, of a Duck, Goose, Eel, Boar,
Herron, Thymallows, (_if you know where to get it_) Dog, Capon,
Beaver, wild Cat, Stork, Coney, Horse, Hedge-hog, Hen, Man, Lion, Hare,
Pike, or Jack, (_if they have any fat, I am persuaded ’tis worth
twelve-pence a grain_) Wolf, Mouse of the mountains, (_if you
can catch them_) Pardal, Hog, Serpent, Badger, Grey or brock Fox,
Vulture, (_if you can catch them_) Album Græcum, Anglice, Dog’s
dung, the hucklebone of a Hare and a Hog, East and West Bezoar, Butter
not salted and salted, stone taken out of a man’s bladder, Vipers
flesh, fresh Cheese, Castorium, white, yellow, and Virgin’s Wax, the
brain of Hares and Sparrows, Crabs’ Claws, the Rennet of a Lamb, a Kid,
a Hare, a Calf, and a Horse, the heart of a Bullock, a Stag, Hog, and
a Wether, the horn of an Elk, a Hart, a Rhinoceros, an Unicorn, the
skull of a man killed by a violent death, a Cockscomb, the tooth of a
Boar, an Elephant, and a Sea-horse, Ivory, or Elephant’s Tooth, the
skin a Snake hath cast off, the gall of a Hawk, Bullock, a she Goat,
a Hare, a Kite, a Hog, a Bull, a Bear, the cases of Silk-worms, the
liver of a Wolf, an Otter, a Frog, Isinglass, the guts of a Wolf and
a Fox, the milk of a she Ass, a she Goat, a Woman, an Ewe, a Heifer,
East and West Bezoar, the stone in the head of a Crab, and a Perch, if
there be any stone in an Ox Gall, stone in the bladder of a Man, the
Jaw of a Pike or Jack, Pearls, the marrow of the Leg of a Sheep, Ox,
Goat, Stag, Calf, common and virgin Honey, Musk, Mummy, a Swallow’s
nest, Crabs Eyes, the Omentum or call of a Lamb, Ram, Wether, Calf,
the whites, yolks, and shells of Hen’s Eggs, Emmet’s Eggs, bone of a
Stag’s heart, an Ox leg, Ossepiœ, the inner skin of a Hen’s Gizzard,
the wool of Hares, the feathers of Partridges, that which Bees make at
the entrance of the hive, the pizzle of a Stag, of a Bull, Fox Lungs,
fasting spittle, the blood of a Pigeon, of a Cat, of a he Goat, of a
Hare, of a Partridge, of a Sow, of a Bull, of a Badger, of a Snail,
Silk, Whey, the suet of a Bullock, of a Stag, of a he Goat, of a Sheep,
of a Heifer, Spermaceti, a Bullock’s spleen, the skin a Snake hath cast
off, the excrements of a Goose, of a Dog, of a Goat, of Pigeons, of a
stone Horse, of a Hen, of Swallows, of a Hog, of a Heifer, the ancle of
a Hare, of a Sow, Cobwebs, Water thells, as Blatta Bazantia, Buccinæ,
Crabs, Cockles, Dentalis, Entalis, Mother of Pearl, Mytuli Purpuræ, Os
sepiæ, Umbilious Marinus, the testicles of a Horse, a Cock, the hoof
of an Elk, of an Ass, a Bullock, of a Horse, of a Lyon, the urine of a
Boar, of a she Goat._

_Culpeper._] The liver of an Hedge-hog being dried and beaten into
powder and drank in wine, strengthens the reins exceedingly, and helps
the dropsy, convulsions, and the falling sickness, together with all
fluxes of the bowels.

The liver being in like manner brought into powder, strengthens the
liver exceedingly, and helps the dropsy.

* * * * *

Then the College tells you these things may
be taken from the SEA, as

College.] _Amber-grease, Sea-water, Sea-sand, Bitumen, Amber white and
yellow, Jet, Carlinæ, Coral, white and red, Foam of the Sea, Spunge,
Stone Pumice, Sea salt, Spunges, Amber._




METALS, STONES, SALTS, AND
OTHER MINERALS.


_Ver-de-grease, Scales of Brass, Ætitis, Alana Terra, Alabaster,
Alectorions, Alum Seisile and Roach Amethist, Amianth, Amphelites,
Antimony, leaves and filings of Silver, Quick Silver, Lapis, Armenius,
native Arsenic, both white and red, artificial Arsenic, white and
realgar, Argilla, Asteria, leaves and filings of Gold, Belemites,
Berril, Bole-armenick, Borrax, Toad-stone, Lapis Calaminatis, Cadmia,
Lime quick and quenched, Vitriol, white, blue, and green, Steel,
Borrax, Chrisolite, Chrisopus, Cynabris, native and artificial,
Whetstones, Chalk, white and green, Crystal Diphriges, the rust, dust,
scales, and flakes of Iron, Granite, Mortar, such as walls are daubed
with, Hematitis, Heliotropium, Jacinth, Hyber, Nicius, Jasper, Lapis
Judacious, Tiles, Lapis Lazuly, Lapis Lincis, Lithanthrax, Litharge
of Silver and Gold, Loadstone, Marchasite, or fire stone Marble, Red
Lead, native and artificial, Miss, Naptha, Lapis Nephriticus, Nitre,
Oaker yellow and red, Onyx, Opalus, Ophytes, Ostcocolla, Lead white
and black, Plumbago, Pompholix, Marchasite, Realgar, Ruby, red Oaker,
Sal Armoniach, Sal Gem, and salt Nitre, Saphyr and Sardine, Selenitis,
Flints, Emerald, Smiris, Sori, Spodium, Pewter, Brimstone, quick and
common, Talth, Earth of Cimolia, Sames, Lemnos, Sylesia, Topas, Alana,
Terra, Tutty, Vitriol, white, blue, and green._

_Precious stones alter by a way manifest or
hidden._

_By a way manifest, they are hot, in the first degree._ Hemetitis,
Pyritis, Lopis Asius, Thyitis, Smyres, Lapis Schistus.

_Precious stones cold, are in the first degree._ Jacinth, Saphyr,
Emerald, Cristal, Lapis Samius, Lapis Phrigius.

_In the second degree._ Ruby, Carbuncle, Granite, Sardony.

_In the fourth degree._ Diamond.

_In respect of property, they bind_, _as_ Lapis Asius, Nectius, Geodes,
Pumice-stone.

_Emolient_, _as_ Alabaster, Jet, Lapis Thrasius.

_Stupify_: _as_ Memphitis, Jasper, Ophites.

_Cleanse_: _as_ Lapis Arabicus.

_Glutinate_: _as_ Galactitis, Melites.

_Scarify_: _as_ Morochtus.

_Break the stone_: _as_ Lapis Lyncis, Lapis Judaicus, Lapis Sponge.

_Retain the fruit in the womb_: _as_ Ætitis, Jasper.

_Provoke the menses._ Ostracites.

_Stones altering by a hidden property (as they
call it,) are_

Bezoar, Topaz, Lapis Colubrinus, Toadstone, Emerald, Alectorius,
Calcidonius, Amethist, Saphyr, Jasper, Lapis Nephriticus, Lapis
Tibernum, Lapis, Spongites, the stone found in the maw of a Swallow,
Load-stone, Lapis Vulturis, Merucius, Coral, Lynturius, Jet, Ætites,
the stones of Crabs, Amber, Crystal, &c.

The _Load-stone_ purges gross humours.

_Lapis Armenius_ and _Lapis Lazuli_, purge melancholy.

_Pyrites_ heat and cleanse, take away dimness of sight. _Dioscorides._
Lapis Asius binds and moderately corrodes and cleanses filthy ulcers,
and fills them up with flesh; being mixed with honey, and applied to
the place, is an admirable remedy for the gout.

_Chrystal_ being beaten into very fine powder, and a dram of it taken
at a time helps the bloody-flux, stops the Fluor Albus, and increases
milk in Nurses. _Mathiolus._

_Lapis Samius_ is cooling and binding, it is very comfortable to the
stomach, but it dulls the senses, helps fluxes of the eyes and ulcers.

_Geodetes_ binds and drys, being beaten into powder and mixed with
water, and applied to the place, takes away inflammations of the
Testicles.

_Pumice-stone_ being beaten into powder and the teeth rubbed with it,
cleanses them. _Dioscorides._

_Jet_, it is of a softening and discussing nature, it resists the fits
of the mother.

_Lapis Arabicus_ being beaten into powder, and made into an ointment
helps the hemorrhoids.

_Ostracites_, a dram of it taken in powder provokes the menses; being
taken after that purgation, causes conception, also being made into an
ointment, helps inflammations of the breast.

_Myexis_ being borne about one takes away pains in the reins, and
hinders the breeding of the stone.

_Lapis Armenius_ purges melancholy, and also causes vomiting, I hold
it not very safe for our English bodies, and therefore I will speak no
more of it.

_Explanation of certain Vacuations._

The five opening Roots.

_Smallage, Sparagus, Fennel, Parsley, Knee-holly._

The two opening Roots.

_Fennel, Parsley._

The five emolient Herbs.

_Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Beets, Mercury, Pellitory of the Wall, Violet
Leaves._

The five Capillary Herbs.

_Maidenhair, Wall Rue, Cetrach, Hart’s-tongue, Politricum._

The four cordial Flowers.

_Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, Violets._

The four greater hot Seeds, Carminative, or breaking wind.

_Annis, Carraway, Cummin, Fennel._

The four lesser hot seeds.

_Bishop’s weed, Amomus, Smallage, Carrots._

The four greater cold seeds.

_Citrul, Cucumber, Gourds, Melon._

The four lesser cold seeds.

_Succory, Endive, Lettice, Purslain._

Five fragments of precious stones.

_Granite, Jacinth, Sapphire, Sardine, Emerald._


The right worshipful, the College of Physicians of _London_
in their New Dispensatory give you free leave to distil
these common waters that follow, but they never intend you
should know what they are good for.


SIMPLE DISTILLED WATERS.

Of fresh Roots of

_Briony, Onions, Elecampane, Orris, or Flower-de-luce, Turnips._

Of flowers and buds of

_Southernwood, both sorts of Wormwood, Wood Sorrel, Lady’s-Mantle,
Marsh-mallows, Angelica, Pimpernel with purple flowers, Smallage,
Columbines, Sparagus, Mouse-ear, Borrage, Shepherd’s Purse, Calaminth,
Woodbine or Honey-suckles, Carduus Benedictus, our Lady’s Thistles,
Knotgrass, Succory, Dragons, Colt’s-foot, Fennel, Goat’s Rue, Grass,
Hyssop, Lettice, Lovage, Toad-flax, Hops, Marjoram, Mallows, Horehound,
Featherfew, Bawm, Mints, Horse-mints, Water Cresses, English Tobacco,
white Poppies, Pellatory of the Wall, Parsley, Plantain, Purslain,
Self-heal, Pennyroyal, Oak leaves, Sage, Scabious, Figwort or
Throatwort, House-leek, or Sengreen, the greater and lesser Mother of
Time, Nightshade, Tansy, Tormentil, Valerian._

Of Flowers of

_Oranges, (_if you can get them_) Blue-bottle the greater, Beans,
Water-Lilies, Lavender, Nut-tree, Cowslips, Sloes, Rosemary, Roses
white, damask, and red, Satyrien, Lime-tree, Clove-gilliflowers,
Violets._

Of Fruits of

_Oranges, Black Cherries, Pome Citrons, Quinces, Cucumbers,
Strawberries, Winter Cherries, Lemons, Rasberries, unripe Walnuts,
Apples._

Of parts of living Creatures and their excrements

_Lobsters, Cockles, or Snails, Hartshorn, Bullocks dung made in May,
Swallows, Earthworms, Magpies, Spawn of Frogs._


* * * * *


SIMPLE WATERS DISTILLED,
being digested before-hand.

_Of the fresh Roots of Nettles._

Of the leaves of Agrimony, wild Tansy, or Silverweed, Mugwort, Bettony,
Marigolds, Chamomel, Chamepitys, Celandine, Pilewort, Scurvy-grass,
Comfry the greater, Dandelyon, Ash-tree leaves, Eyebright, Fumitory,
Alehoof, or ground Ivy, Horsetail, St. John’s Wort, Yarrow, Moneywort,
Restharrow, Solomon’s Seal, Res solis, Rue, Savin, Saxifrage,
Hart’s tongue, Scordium, Tamarisk, Mullin, Vervain, Paul’s Bettony,
Mead-sweet, Nettles.

Of the Flowers of Mayweed, Broom, Cowslips, Butter-bur, Peony, Elder.

Of the berries of Broom, Elder.

_Culpeper._] Then the College gives you an admonition concerning these,
which being converted into your native language, is as follows.

We give you warning that these common waters be better
prepared for time to come, either in common stills, putting
good store of ashes underneath, the roots and herbs being
dryer, &c. or if they be full of Juice, by distilling the
juice in a convenient bath, that so burning may be avoided,
which hitherto hath seldom been. But let the other Herbs,
Flowers, or Roots, be bruised, and by adding Tartar, common
salt, or leven be digested, then putting spring water to
them, distil them in an Alembick with its refrigeratory, or
Worm, till the change of the taste shew the virtue to be
drawn off; then let the oil (if any) be separated from the
water according to art.

Into the number of these waters may be ascribed.

The Tears of Vines, the liquor of the Birch-tree, May dew.

_Culpeper._] That my country may receive the benefit of these waters,
I shall first shew the temperatures, secondly, the virtues of the
most usual and most easy to come by: If any should take exceptions
that I mention not all, I answer first, I mention enough. Secondly,
who ever makes this objection, they shew extreme ingratitude; for had
I mentioned but only one, I had revealed more to them than ever the
College intended they should know, or give me thanks for doing.

_The qualities and appropriation of the simple
Distilled Waters._

Simple distilled waters either cool or heat: such as cool, either cool
the blood or choler.

_Waters cooling the blood._ Lettice, Purslain, Water Lilies, Violets,
Sorrel Endive, Succory, Fumitory.

_Waters cooling and repressing choleric humours,
or vapours in the head._

Nightshade, Lettice, Water Lilies, Plantain, Poppies, _viz._ The
flowers both of white black and red Poppies, black Cheries.

_The breast and lungs._ Violets, Poppies all three sorts, Colt’s-foot.

_In the heart._ Sorrel, Quinces, Water Lilies, Roses, Violets, green or
unripe Walnuts.

_In the stomach._ Quinces, Roses, Violets, Nightshade, Houseleeks, or
Sengreen, Lettice, Purslain.

_In the liver._ Endive, Succory, Nightshade, Purslain, Water Lilies.

_In the reins and bladder._ Endive, Succory, Winter Cherries, Plantain,
Water Lilies, Strawberries, Houseleek or Sengreen, black Cherries.

_In the womb._ Endive, Succory, Lettice, Water Lilies, Purslain, Roses.

Simple waters which are hot, concoct either flegm or melancholy.

_Waters concocting flegm in the head, are_

Bettony, Sage, Marjoram, Chamomel, Fennel, Calaminth, Rosemary-flowers,
Primroses, Eye-bright.

_In the breast and lungs._ Maiden-hair, Bettony, Hysop, Horehound,
Carduus Benedictus, Scabious, Orris, or Flower-de-luces, Bawm,
Self-heal, &c.

_In the heart._ Bawm, Rosemary.

_In the stomach._ Wormwood, Mints, Fennel, Chervil, Time, Mother of
Time, Marigolds.

_In the liver._ Wormwood, Centaury, Origanum, Marjoram, Maudlin,
Costmary, Agrimony, Fennel.

_In the spleen._ Water-cresses, Wormwood, Calaminth.

_In the reins and bladder._ Rocket, Nettles, Saxifrage, Pellitory of
the Wall, Alicampane, Burnet.

_In the womb._ Mugwort, Calaminth, Penny-royal, Savin, Mother of Time,
Lovage.

_Waters concocting Melancholy in the head,
are_

Hops, Fumitory.

_The breast._ Bawm, Carduus Benedictus.

_The heart._ Borrage, Bugloss, Bawm, Rosemary.

_The liver._ Endive, Chicory, Hops.

_The spleen._ Dodder, Hart’s-tongue, Tamarisk, Time.

Having thus ended the appropriation, I shall speak briefly of the
virtues of distilled waters.

_Lettice_ water cools the blood when it is over-heated, for when
it is not, it needs no cooling: it cools the head and liver, stays
hot vapours ascending to the head, and hinders sleep; it quenches
immoderate thirst, and breeds milk in nurses, distil it in _May_.

_Purslain_ water cools the blood and liver, quenches thirst, helps such
as spit blood, have hot coughs, or pestilences.

The distilled water of _water Lily-flowers_ cools the blood and the
bowels, and all internal parts of the body; helps such as have the
yellow jaundice, hot coughs and pleurisies, the head-ache, coming of
heat, fevers pestilential and not pestilential, as also hectic fevers.

The water of _Violet flowers_, cools the blood, the heart, liver and
lungs, over-heated, and quenches an insatiable desire of drinking, they
are in their prime about the latter end of _March_, or beginning of
_April_, according as the year falls out.

The water of _Sorrel_ cools the blood, heart, liver, and spleen: If
Venice Treacle be given with it, it is profitable in pestilential
fevers, distil it in _May_.

_Endive_ and _Succory_ water are excellent against heat in the stomach;
if you take an ounce of either (for their operation is the same)
morning and evening, four days one after another, they cool the liver,
and cleanse the blood: they are in their prime in _May_.

_Fumitory_ water is usual with the city dames to wash their faces with,
to take away morphey, freckles, and sun-burning; inwardly taken, it
helps the yellow jaundice and itch, cleanses the blood, provokes sweat,
strengthens the stomach, and cleanses the body of adust humours: it is
in its prime in _May_ and _June_.

The water of _Nightshade_ helps pains in the head coming of heat. Take
heed you distil not the deadly Nightshade instead of the common, if you
do, you may make mad work. Let such as have not wit enough to know them
asunder, have wit enough to let them both alone till they do.

The water of _white Poppies_ extinguishes all heat against nature,
helps head-aches coming of heat, and too long standing in the sun.
Distil them in _June_ or _July_.

_Colt’s-foot_ water is excellent for burns to wash the place with it;
inwardly taken it helps Phthisicks and other diseases incident to the
lungs, distil them in _May_ or _June_.

The water of _Distilled Quinces_ strengthens the heart and stomach
exceedingly, stays vomiting and fluxes, and strengthens the retentive
faculty in man.

_Damask Rose_ water cools, comforts, and strengthens the heart, so doth
Red Rose-water only with this difference, the one is binding, the other
loosening; if your body be costive, use Damask Rose water, because it
is loosening: if loose, use red, because it is binding.

_White Rose_ water is generally known to be excellent against hot
rheums, and inflammations in the eyes, and for this it is better than
the former.

The water of _Red Poppy flowers_, called by many Corn-roses, because
they grow so frequently amongst corn, cools the blood and spirits
over-heated by drinking or labour, and is therefore excellent in
surfets.

_Green Walnuts_ gathered about the latter end of _June_ or _July_,
and bruised, and so stilled, strengthen the heart, and resist the
pestilence.

_Plantain_ water helps the headache; being dropped into the ear it
helps the tooth-ache, helps the phthisicks, dropsy and fluxes, and is
an admirable remedy for ulcers in the reins and bladder, to be used as
common drink: the herb is in its prime in _May_.

_Strawberry_ water cools, quenches thirst, clarifies the blood, breaks
the stone, helps all inward inflammations, especially those in the
reins, bladder and passages of the urine; it strengthens the liver and
helps the yellow jaundice.

The distilled water of _Dog grass_, or _Couch grass_, as some call it,
cleanses the reins gallantly, and provokes urine, opens obstructions of
the liver and spleen, and kills worms.

_Black Cherry_ water provokes urine, helps the dropsy. It is usually
given in diseases of the brain, as convulsions, falling-sickness, palsy
and apoplexy.

_Betony_ is in its prime in May, the distilled water thereof is very
good for such as are pained in their heads, it prevails against the
dropsy and all sorts of fevers; it succours the liver and spleen,
and helps want of digestion and evil disposition of the body thence
arising; it hastens travail in women with child, and is excellent
against the bitings of venomous beasts.

Distil _Sage_ whilst the flowers be on it, the water strengthens the
brain, provokes the menses, helps nature much in all its actions.

_Marjoram_ is in its prime in June, distilled water is excellent for
such whose brains are too cold, it provokes urine, heats the womb,
provokes the menses, strengthens the memory and helps the judgment,
causes an able brain.

Distil _Camomel_ water about the beginning of June. It eases the
cholick and pains in the belly; it breaks the stone in the reins and
bladder, provokes the menses, expels the dead child, and takes away
pains in the head.

_Fennel_ water strengthens the heart and brain; dilates the breast, the
cough, provokes the menses, encreases milk in nurses, and if you wash
your eyes with it, it clears the sight.

The _Hooves_ of the fore feet of a Cow dried and taken any away,
encrease milk in nurses, the smoke of them drives away mice. _Mizaldus._

_Calaminth_ water heats and cleanses the womb, provokes the menses, and
eases the pains of the head, distil it in May.

The distilled water of _Rosemary flowers_, helps such as are troubled
with the yellow Jaundice, Asthmas, it cleanses the blood, helps
concoction, strengthens the brain and body exceedingly.

Water of the _flowers of Lilies_ of the _valley_, strengthens the brain
and all the senses.

The water of _Cowslip flowers_ helps the palsey; takes away pains in
the head, the vertigo and megrim, and is exceeding good for pregnant
women.

The eyes being washed every morning with _Eyebright_ water, most
strangely clears and strengthens the sight.

_Maidenhair_ distilled in May, the water cleanses both liver and lungs,
clarifies the blood, and breaks the stone.

_Hyssop_ water cleanses the lungs of flegm, helps coughs and Asthmas,
distil it in August.

The water of _Hore-hound_, helps the cough and straitness of the
breast; it strengthens the breast, lungs and stomach, and liver, distil
it in June.

_Carduus_ water succours the head, strengthens the memory, helps such
as are troubled with vertigoes and quartan agues, it provokes sweat,
strengthens the heart, and all other fevers of choler. It is in its
prime in May and June.

_Scabious_ water helps pleurises and pains, and pricking in the sides;
Aposthumes, coughs, pestilences, and straitness of the breast.

Water of _Flower-de-luce_ is very profitable in dropsies, an ounce
being drank continually every morning and evening; as also pains and
torments in the bowels.

_Bawm_ water distilled in May, restores memory, it quickens all the
senses, strengthens the brain, heart, and stomach, causes a merry mind
and a sweet breath.

The water of _Comfrey_ solders broken bones, being drank, helps
ruptures, outwardly it stops the bleeding of wounds, they being washed
with it.

_Wormwood_ water distilled cold, about the end of May, heats and
strengthens the stomach, helps concoction, stays vomiting, kills worms
in the stomach and bowels, it mitigates the pains in the teeth, and is
profitably given in fevers of choler.

_Mint_ water strengthens the stomach, helps concoction and stays
vomiting, distil it in the latter end of May, or beginning of June, as
the year is in forwardness or backwardness, observe that in all the
rest.

_Chervil_ water distilled about the end of May, helps ruptures, breaks
the stone, dissolves congealed blood, strengthens the heart and stomach.

The water of _Mother of Time_ strengthens the brain and stomach, gets a
man a good stomach to his victuals, provoke urine and the menses, heats
the womb. It is in its prime about the end of June.

The water of _Marigold flowers_ is appropriated to most cold diseases
of the head, eyes, and stomach: they are in their vigour when the Sun
is in the Lion.

The distilled water of _Centaury_ comforts a cold stomach, helps in
fever of choler, it kills worms, and provokes appetite.

_Maudlin and Costmary_ water distilled in May or June, strengthens the
liver, helps the yellow jaundice, opens obstructions, and helps the
dropsy.

_Water-cresses_ distilled in March, the water cleanses the blood, and
provokes urine exceedingly, kills worms, outwardly mixed with honey, it
clears the skin of morphew and sunburning.

Distil _Nettles_ when they are in flower, the water helps coughs and
pains in the bowels, provokes urine, and breaks the stone.

_Saxifrage_ water provokes urine, expels wind, breaks the stone,
cleanses the reins and bladder of gravel, distil them when they are in
flower.

The water of _Pellitory of the Wall_, opens obstructions of the liver
and spleen, by drinking an ounce of it every morning; it cleanses the
reins and bladder, and eases the gripings of the bowels coming of wind.
Distil it in the end of May, or beginning of June.

_Cinquefoil_ water breaks the stone, cleanses the reins, and is of
excellent use in putrified fevers. Distil it in May.

The water of Radishes breaks the stone, cleanses the reins and bladder,
provokes the menses, and helps the yellow jaundice.

_Elicampane_ water strengthens the stomach and lungs, provokes urine,
and cleanses the passages of it from gravel.

Distil _Burnet_ in May or June, the water breaks the stone, cleanses
the passages of urine, and is exceeding profitable in pestilential
times.

_Mugwort_ water distilled in May, is excellent in coughs and diseases
proceeding from stoppage of the menses, it warms the stomach, and helps
the dropsy.

Distil _Penny-royal_ when the flowers are upon it: the water heats the
womb gallantly, provokes the menses, expels the afterbirth; cuts, and
casts out thick and gross humours in the breast, eases pains in the
bowels, and consumes flegm.

The water of _Lovage_ distilled in May, eases pains in the head, and
cures ulcers in the womb being washed with it; inwardly taken it expels
wind, and breaks the stone.

The tops of _Hops_ when they are young, being distilled, the water
cleanses the blood of melancholy humours, and therefore helps scabs,
itch, and leprosy, and such like diseases thence proceeding; it opens
obstructions of the spleen, helps the rickets, and hypochondriac
melancholy.

The water of _Borrage and Bugloss_ distilled when their flowers are
upon them, strengthens the heart and brain exceedingly, cleanses the
blood, and takes away sadness, griefs and melancholy.

_Dodder_ water cleanses the liver and spleen, helps the yellow jaundice.

_Tamarisk_ water opens obstructions, and helps the hardness of the
spleen, and strengthens it.

_English Tobacco_ distilled, the water is excellently good for such as
have dropsy, to drink an ounce or two every morning; it helps ulcers in
the mouth, strengthens the lungs, and helps such as have asthmas.

The water of _Dwarf Elder_, hath the same effects.

Thus you have the virtues of enough of cold waters, the use of which is
for mixtures of other medicines, whose operation is the same, for they
are very seldom given alone: If you delight most in liquid medicines,
having regard to the disease, and part of the body afflicted by it,
these will furnish you with where withal to make them so as will please
your pallate best.


COMPOUNDS. SPIRIT AND COMPOUND
DISTILLED WATERS.

_Culpeper._] Before I begin these, I thought good to premise a few
words: They are all hot in operation, and therefore not to be meddled
with by people of hot constitutions when they are in health, for fear
of fevers and adustion of blood, but for people of cold constitutions,
as melancholy and flegmatic people. If they drink of them moderately
now and then for recreation, due consideration being had to the part
of the body which is weakest, they may do them good: yet in diseases
of melancholy, neither strong waters nor sack is to be drank, for they
make the humour thin, and then up to the head it flies, where it fills
the brain with foolish and fearful imaginations.

2. Let all young people forbear them whilst they are in health, for
their blood is usually hot enough without them.

3. Have regard to the season of the year, so shall you find them more
beneficial in Summer than in Winter, because in summer the body is
always coldest within, and digestion weakest, and that is the reason
why men and women eat less in Summer than in Winter.

Thus much for people in health, which drink strong waters for
recreation.

As for the medicinal use of them, it shall be shewed at the latter
end of every receipt, only in general they are (due respect had to
the humours afflicting, and part of the body afflicted) medicinal for
diseases of cold and flegm, chilliness of the spirits, &c.

But that my countrymen may not be mistaken in this, I shall give them
some symptoms of each complexion how a man may know when it exceeds its
due limits.

_Signs of choler abounding._

Leanness of body, costiveness, hollow eyes, anger without a cause, a
testy disposition, yellowness of the skin, bitterness in the throat,
pricking pains in the head, the pulse swifter and stronger than
ordinary, the urine higher coloured, thinner and brighter, troublesome
sleeps, much dreaming of fire, lightning, anger, and fighting.

_Signs of blood abounding._

The veins are bigger (or at least they seem so) and fuller then
ordinary; the skin is red, and as it were swollen; pricking pains in
the sides, and about the temples, shortness of breath, head-ache, the
pulse great and full, urine high coloured and thick, dreams of blood,
&c.

_Signs of melancholy abounding._

Fearfulness without a cause, fearful and foolish imaginations, the skin
rough and swarthy, leanness, want of sleep, frightful dreams, sourness
in the throat, the pulse very weak, solitariness, thin clear urine,
often sighing, &c.

_Signs of flegm abounding._

Sleepiness, dulness, slowness, heaviness, cowardliness, forgetfulness,
much spitting, much superfluities at the nose, little appetite to meat
and as bad digestion, the skin whiter, colder and smoother than it was
want to be; the pulse slow and deep: the urine thick and low coloured:
dreams of rain, floods, and water, &c.

These things thus premised, I come to the matter.

The first the College presents you with, is

_Spiritus et Aqua Absinthis minus Composita._

Or, Spirit and water of Wormwood, the lesser composition.

_College._] Take of the leaves of dryed Wormwood two pounds, Annis
seeds, half a pound: steep them in six gallons of small wine twenty
four hours, then distil them in an Alembick, adding to every pound of
the distilled water two ounces of the best Sugar.

Let the two first pound you draw out be called Spirit of Wormwood,
those which follow, Wormwood water the lesser composition.

_Culpeper._] I like this distinction of the College very well, because
what is first stilled out, is far stronger than the rest, and therefore
very fitting to be kept by itself: you may take which you please,
according as the temperature of your body, either to heat or cold, and
the season of year requires.

It hath the same virtues Wormwood hath, only fitter to be used by such
whose bodies are chilled by age, and whose natural heat abates. You
may search the herbs for the virtues, it heats the stomach, and helps
digestion.

_The College._] After the same manner (only omitting the Annis seeds)
is distilled spirit and water of Angelica, both Herb and Root, Bawm,
Mints, Sage, &c. the Flowers of Rosemary, Clary, Clove-gilliflowers,
&c. the seeds of Caraway, &c. Juniper-berries, Orange Pills, Lemons,
Citrons, &c. Cinnamon, Nutmegs, &c.

_Spiritus et Aqua Absynthii magis composita._

Or spirit and water of Wormwood, the greater composition.

_The College._] Take of common and Roman Wormwood, of each a pound;
Sage, Mints, Bawm, of each two handfuls; the Roots of Galanga, Ginger,
Calamus, Aromaticus, Elecampane, of each three drachms; Liquorice, an
ounce, Raisins of the Sun stoned, three ounces, Annis seeds, and sweet
Fennel seeds, of each three drachms; Cinnamon, Cloves, Nutmegs, of each
two drachms; Cardamoms, Cubebs, of each one drachm: let the things
be cut that are to be cut, and the things be bruised that are to be
bruised, all of them infused in twenty four pints of Spanish wine, for
twenty four hours, then, distilled in an Alembick, adding two ounces of
white sugar to every pint of distilled water.

Let the first pint be called Spirit of Wormwood the greater composition.

_Culpeper._] The opinion of Authors is, That it heats the stomach,
and strengthens it and the lungs, expels wind, and helps digestion in
ancient people.

_Spiritus et Aqua Angelica magis composita._

Or Spirit and water of Angelica, the greater composition.

_The College._] Take of the leaves of Angelica eight ounces, of Carduus
Benedictus six ounces, of Bawm and Sage, of each four ounces, Angelica
seeds six ounces; sweet Fennel seeds nine ounces. Let the herbs, being
dryed, and the seeds be grossly bruised, to which add of the species
called Aromaticum Rosarum; and of the species called Diamoschu Dulce,
of each an ounce and a half, infuse them two days in thirty two pints
of Spanish Wine, then distil them with a gentle fire, and with every
pound mix two ounces of sugar dissolved in Rose-water.

Let the three first pounds be called by the name of Spirit, the rest by
the name of water.

_Culpeper._] The chief end of composing this medicine, was to
strengthen the heart and resist infection, and therefore is very
wholesome in pestilential times, and for such as walk in stinking air.

I shall now quote you their former receipt in their former dispensatory.

_Angelica water the greater composition._

_The College._] Take of Angelica two pounds, Annis seed half a pound,
Coriander and Caraway seeds, of each four ounces, Zedoary bruised,
three ounces: steep them twenty four hours in six gallons of small
wine, then draw out the spirit, and sweeten it with sugar.

_Culpeper._] It comforts the heart, cherishes the vital spirits,
resists the pestilence, and all corrupt airs, which indeed are the
natural causes of epidemical diseases, the sick may take a spoonful
of it in any convenient cordial, and such as are in health, and have
bodies either cold by nature, or cooled by age, may take as much either
in the morning fasting, or a little before meat.

_Spiritus Lavendula compositus Matthiæ._
Or compound spirit of Lavender. Matthias.

_The College._] Take of Lavender flowers one gallon, to which pour
three gallons of the best spirits of wine, let them stand together
in the sun six days, then distil them with an Alembick with this
refrigeratory.

Take of the flowers of Sage, Rosemary, and Bettony, of each one
handful; the flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Lilies of the Valley,
Cowslips, of each two handfuls: let the flowers be newly and seasonably
gathered, being infused in one gallon of the best spirits of wine,
and mingled with the foregoing spirit of Lavender flowers, adding
the leaves of Bawm, Feather-few, and Orange tree fresh gathered; the
flowers of Stœchas and Orange tree, Bay berries, of each one ounce.
After convenient digestion distil it again, after which add Citron
pills the outward bark, Peony seed husked, of each six drams, cinnamon,
Mace, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, Cubebs, yellow Sanders, of each half an
ounce, Wood of Aloes one dram, the best Jujubes, the stones being taken
out, half a pound, digest them six weeks, then strain it and filter it,
and add to it prepared Pearls two drams, Emeralds prepared a scruple,
Ambergrease, Musk, Saffron, of each half a scruple, red Roses dryed,
red Sanders, of each half an ounce, yellow Sanders, Citron Pills,
dryed, of each one dram. Let the species being tyed up in a rag, be
hung into the aforementioned spirit.

_Culpeper._] I could wish the Apothecaries would desire to be certified
by the College.

1. Whether the gallon of Lavender flowers must be filled by heap,
or by strike. 2. Next, whether the flowers must be pressed down
in the measure or not. 3. How much must be drawn off in the first
distillation. 4. Where they should get Orange leaves and flowers fresh
gathered. 5. What they mean by _convenient digestion_. 6. Where you
shall find Borrage, Bugloss, and Cowslips, flowering together, that
so you may have them all fresh according to their prescript, the one
flowering in the latter end of April, and beginning of May, the other
in the end of June, and beginning of July. 7. If they can make a shift
to make it, how, or which way the virtues of it will countervail the
one half of the charge and cost, to leave the pains and trouble out.

_Spiritus Castorii._
Or Spirit of Castoreum.

_The College._] Take of fresh Castoreum four ounces, Lavender flower
an ounce, the tops of Sage and Rosemary, of each half an ounce,
Cinnamon six drams, Mace, Cloves, of each two drachms, spirits of Wine
rectified, six pounds, digest them in a phial filled only to the third
part, close stopped with cork and bladder in warm ashes for two days,
then distilled in Balneo Mariæ, and the distilled water kept close
stopped.

_Culpeper._] By reason of its heat it is no ways fit to be taken alone,
but mixed with other convenient medicines appropriated to the diseases
you would give it for, it resists poison, and helps such as are bitten
by venomous beasts: it causes speedy delivery to women in travail, and
casteth out the Placenta: it helps the fits of the mother, lethargies
and convulsions, being mixed with white wine, and dropped into the
ears, it helps deafness; if stopping be the cause of it, the dose to be
given inwardly is between one dram, and half a dram, according to the
strength and age of the patient.

_Aqua Petasitidis composita._
Or, compound water of Butter-bur.

_The College._] Take of the fresh roots of Butter-bur bruised, one
pound and a half, the roots of Angelica and Masterwort, of each half a
pound, steep them in ten pints of strong Ale, then distil them till the
change of the taste gives a testimony that the strength is drawn out.

_Culpeper._] This water is very effectual being mixed with other
convenient cordials, for such as have pestilential fevers: also a
spoonful taken in the morning, may prove a good preservative in
pestilential times: it helps the fits of the mother, and such as are
short winded, and being taken inwardly, dries up the moisture of such
sores as are hard to be cured.

_Aqua Raphani Composita._
Or Compound water of Radishes.

_The College._] Take of the leaves of both sorts of Scurvy-grass, of
each six pound, having bruised them, press the juice out of them, with
which mix of the juice of brooklime, and Water-cresses, of each one
pound and a half, of the best white wine, eight pounds, twelve whole
Lemons, pills and all, fresh Briony roots four pound, the roots of wild
Radishes two pound, Captain Winter’s Cinnamon half a pound, Nutmegs
four ounces, steep them altogether, and then distil them.

_Culpeper._] I fancy it not, and so I leave it; I suppose they intended
it for purgation of women in child-bed.

_Aqua Peoniæ Composita._
Or Compound water of Peony.

_The College._] Take of the flowers of Lilies of the Valley, one pound:
infuse them in four gallons of Spanish wine so long till the following
flowers may be had fresh.

Take of the fore-named flowers half a pound, Peony flowers four
ounces: steep them together fourteen days, then distil them in _Balneo
Mariæ_ till they be dry: in the distilled liquor infuse again male
Peony roots gathered in due time, two ounces and a half, white Dittany,
long Birthwort, of each half an ounce, the leaves of Misselto of the
Oak, and Rue, of each two handfuls, Peony seeds husked, ten drams, Rue
seeds three drams and a half, Castoreum two scruples, Cubebs, Mace,
of each two drachms, Cinnamon an ounce and a half, Squills prepared,
three drachms, Rosemary flowers six pugils, Arabian Stæchas, Lavender,
of each four pugils, the flowers of Betony, Clove-gilliflowers, and
Cowslips, of each eight pugils, then adding four pound of the juice of
black Cherries, distil it in a glass till it be dry.

_Aqua Bezoartica._
Or Bezoar Water.

_College._] Take of the leaves of Celandine, roots and all, three
handfuls and a half, Rue two handfuls, Scordium four handfuls, Dittany
of Crete, Carduus, of each one handful and a half, Zedoary and Angelica
roots, of each three drams, Citrons and Lemon pills, of each six
drams, Clove-gilliflowers one ounce and a half, Red Rose, Centaury the
less, of each two drams, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each three drams, Venice
Treacle three ounces, Mithridates one ounce and a half, Camphire two
scruples, Troches of Vipers two ounces, Mace two drams, Wood of Aloes
half an ounce, Yellow Sanders one dram and a half, Carduus seeds one
ounce, Citron seeds six drams, let them be cut and infused in spirits
of Wine, and Malaga Wine, of each three pound and a half, Vinegar of
Clove-gilliflowers, Juice of Lemons, of each one pound, and distilled
in a glass still in _Balneo Mariæ_, after it is half distilled off, the
residue may be strained through a linen cloath, and be reduced to the
thickness of Honey, and called the Bezoartic extract.

_Culpeper._] Extracts have the same virtues with the waters they are
made from, only the different form is to please the palates of such
whose fancy loathes any one particular form.

This Bezoar water strengthens the heart, arteries, and vital spirits:
It provokes sweat, and is exceeding good in pestilential fevers, in
health it withstands melancholy and consumptions, and makes a merry,
blithe, chearful creature. Of the extract you may take ten grains at a
time, or somewhat more, if your body be not feverish, half a spoonful
of water is sufficient at a time, and that mixed with other cordials or
medicines appropriated to the disease that troubles you.

_Aqua et Spiritus Lambricorum, magistralis._
Or Water and Spirit of Earthworms.

_College._] Take of Earthworms well cleansed, three pound, Snails, with
shells on their backs cleansed, two gallons, beat them in a mortar, and
put them into a convenient vessel, adding stinging Nettles, roots and
all, six handfuls, wild Angelica, four handfuls, brank Ursine, seven
handfuls, Agrimony, Bettony, of each three handfuls, Rue one handful,
common Wormwood two handfuls, Rosemary flowers six ounces, Dock roots
ten ounces, the roots of Sorrel five ounces, Turmerick, the inner bark
of Barberries, of each four ounces, Fenugreek seeds two ounces, Cloves
three ounces, Hart’s-horn, Ivory in gross powder, of each four ounces,
Saffron three drams, small spirits of Wine four gallons and a half,
after twenty-four hours infusion, distil them in an alembick. Let the
four first pounds be reserved for spirit, the rest for water.

_Culpeper._] ’Tis a mess altogether, it may be they intended it for an
universal medicine.

_Aqua Gentianæ compositæ._
Or Gentian Water compound.

_College._] Take of Gentain roots sliced, one pound and a half, the
leaves and flowers of Centaury the less, of each four ounces, steep
them eight days in twelve pounds of white Wine, then distil them in an
alembick.

_Culpeper._] It conduces to preservation from ill air, and pestilential
fevers: it opens obstructions of the liver, and helps such as they
say are liver-grown; it eases pains in the stomach, helps digestion,
and eases such as have pains in their bones by ill lodging abroad
in the cold, it provokes appetite, and is exceeding good for the
yellow jaundice, as also for prickings or stitches in the sides: it
provokes the menses, and expels both birth and placenta: it is naught
for pregnant women. If there be no fever, you may take a spoonful by
itself; if there be, you may, if you please, mix it with some cooler
medicine appropriated to the same use you would give it for.

_Aqua Gilbertii._
Or Gilbert’s Water.

_College._] Take of Scabious, Burnet, Dragons, Bawm, Angelica,
Pimpernel, with purple flowers, Tormentil, roots and all, of each two
handfuls, let all of them, being rightly gathered and prepared, be
steeped in four gallons of Canary Wine, still off three gallons in an
alembick, to which add three ounces of each of the cordial flowers,
Clove-gilliflowers six ounces, Saffron half an ounce, Turmerick two
ounces, Galanga, Bazil seeds, of each one dram, Citron pills one
ounce, the seed of Citrons and Carduus, Cloves of each five ounces,
Hart’s-horn four ounces, steep them twenty four hours and then distil
them in _Balneo Mariæ_: to the distilled water add Pearls prepared,
an ounce and a half, red Coral, Crabs eyes, white Amber, of each
two drams, Crabs claws, six drams, Bezoar, Ambergrease, of each two
scruples, steep them six weeks in the sun, in a vessel well stopped,
often shaking it, then filter it, (you may keep the powders for
Spicord. temp.) by mixing twelve ounces of Sugar candy, with six
ounces of red Rose-water, and four ounces of spirit of Cinnamon with it.

_Culpeper._] I suppose this was invented for a cordial to strengthen
the heart, to relieve languishing nature. It is exceeding dear. I
forbear the dose, they that have money enough to make it themselves,
cannot want time to study both the virtues and dose: I would have
gentlemen to be studious.

_Aqua cordialis frigida Saxeniæ._

_College._] Take of the juice of Borrage, Bugloss, Bawm, Bistort,
Tormentil, Scordium, Vervain, sharp-pointed Dock, Sorrel, Goat’s Rue,
Mirrhis, Blue Bottle great and small, Roses, Marigolds, Lemon, Citrons,
of each three ounces, white Wine Vinegar one pound, Purslain seeds
two ounces, Citron and Carduus seeds, of each half an ounce, Water
Lily flowers two ounces, the flowers of Borrage, Bugloss, Violets,
Clove-gilliflowers, of each one ounce, Diatrion Sentalon six drams:
let all of them, being rightly prepared, be infused three days, then
distilled in a glass still: to the distilled Liquor add earth of
Lemnos, Siletia, and Samos, of each one ounce and an half, Pearls
prepared with the juice of Citrons, three drams, mix them, and keep
them together.

_Culpeper._] It mightily cools the blood, and therefore profitable
in fevers, and all diseases proceeding of heat of blood; it provokes
sleep. You may take half an ounce at a time, or two drams if the party
be weak.

_Aqua Theriacalis._
Or Treacle Water.

_College._] Take of the juice of green Walnuts, four pounds, the juice
of Rue three pounds, juice of Carduus, Marigolds, and Bawm, of each two
pounds, green Petasitis roots one pound and a half, the roots of Burs
one pound, Angelica and Master-wort, of each half a pound, the leaves
of Scordium four handfuls, old Venice Treacle, Mithridates, of each
eight ounces, Canary Wine twelve pounds, Vinegar six pounds, juice of
Lemons two pounds, digest them two days, either in Horse-dung, or in
a bath, the vessel being close shut, then distil them in sand; in the
distillation you may make a Theriacal extraction.

_Culpeper._] This water is exceeding good in all fevers, especially
pestilential; it expels venomous humours by sweat; it strengthens the
heart and vitals; it is an admirable counter-poison, special good for
such as have the plague, or are poisoned, or bitten by venomous beasts,
and expels virulent humours from such as have the venereal disease.
If you desire to know more virtues of it, see the virtues of Venice
Treacle. The dose is from a spoonful to an ounce.

_Aqua Brioniæ composita._
Or Briony Water compound.

_College._] Take of the juice of Briony roots, four pounds, the leaves
of Rue and Mugwort, of each two pounds, dryed Savin three handfuls,
Featherfew, Nep, Pennyroyal, of each two handfuls, Bazil, Dittany, of
Crete, of each one handful and a half, Orange pills four ounces, Myrrh
two ounces, Castoreum one ounce, Canary Wine twelve pounds, digest
them four days in a convenient vessel, then still them in _Balneo
Mariæ_: About the middle of the distillation strain it out, and make an
Hysterical extraction of the residue.

_Culpeper._] A spoonful of it taken, eases the fits of the mother in
women that have them; it potently expels the afterbirth, and clears the
body of what a midwife by heedlessness or accident hath left behind; it
cleanses the womb exceedingly, and for that I fancy it much, take not
above a tasterful at a time, and then in the morning fasting, for it is
of a purging quality, and let pregnant women forbear it.

_Aqua Imperialis._
Or Imperial Water.

_The College._] Take of dried Citron, and Orange pills, Nutmegs,
Cloves, Cinnamon, of each two ounces, the roots of Cypress, Orris,
Florentine, Calamus Aromaticus, of each one ounce, Zedoary Galanga,
Ginger, of each half an ounce, the tops of Lavender and Rosemary, of
each two handfuls, the leaves of Bay, Marjoram, Bawm, Mints, Sage,
Thyme, of each one handful, the flowers of white and Damask Roses
fresh, of each half a handful, Rose-water four pounds, white Wine eight
pounds, let all of them be bruised and infused twenty four hours, then
distil them according to art.

_Culpeper._] You must distil it in a bath, and not in sand: It comforts
and strengthens the heart against faintings and swoonings, and is held
to be a preservative against consumptions and apoplexies. You may take
half a spoonful at a time.

_Aqua Mirabilis._

_College._] Take of Cloves, Galanga, Cubebs, Mace, Cardamoms, Nutmegs,
Ginger, of each one dram, Juice of Celandine half a pound, spirits of
Wine one pound, white Wine three pounds, infuse them twenty-four hours,
and draw off two pounds with an alembick.

_Culpeper._] The simples also of this, regard the stomach, and
therefore the water heats cold stomachs, besides authors say it
preserves from apoplexies, and restores lost speech.

_Aqua Protheriacalis._

_College._] Take of Scordium, Scabius, Carduus, Goat’s Rue, of each two
handfuls, Citron and Orange pills, of each two ounces, the seeds of
Citrons, Carduus, Hartwort, Treacle, Mustard, of each one ounce, the
flowers of Marigolds and Rosemary, of each one handful, cut them, and
bruise them grossly, then infuse them in four pounds of white Wine, and
two pounds of Carduus water, in a glass, close stopped, and set it in
the sun of bath for a fortnight, often shaking it, then distil it in
_Balneo Mariæ_. Let the two first pounds be kept by themselves for use,
and the remainder of the distillation by itself: Lastly, mix one ounce
of Julep of Alexandria, and a spoonful of Cinnamon water with each
pound.

_Culpeper._] _Aqua Protheriacalis_, signifies a water for Treacle, so
then if you put Diascoridum to it, it is a water for Diascoridum; well
then, we will take it for a general water for all physick.

_Aqua Caponis._
Or Capon Water.

_College._] Take a Capon the guts being pulled out, cut in pieces, the
fat being taken away, boiled in a sufficient quantity of spring-water
in a close vessel, take of this broth three pounds. Borrage and
Violet-water, of each a pound and a half, white Wine one pound, red
rose leaves two drams and an half, the flowers of Borrage, Violets and
Bugloss, of each one dram, pieces of bread, hot out of the oven, half
a pound, Cinnamon bruised, half an ounce, distil it in a glass still
according to art.

_Culpeper._] The simples are most of them appropriated to the heart,
and in truth the composition greatly nourishes and strengthens such
as are in consumptions, and restores lost strength, either by fevers
or other sickness: It is a sovereign remedy for hectic fevers, and
Marasmos, which is nothing else but a consumption coming from them. Let
such as are subject to these diseases, hold it for a jewel.

_Aqua Limacum Magistr._
Or Water of Snails.

_College._] Take of the juice of Ground Ivy, Colt’s-foot, Scabious,
Lungwort, of each one pound and a half, the juice of Purslain,
Plantain, Ambrosia, Paul’s Bettony, of each a pound, Hog’s blood, white
Wine, of each four pounds, Garden Snails, two pound, dried Tobacco
leaves eight, powder of Liquorice two ounces, of Elecampane half an
ounce, of Orris an ounce, Cotton seeds an ounce and a half, the greater
cold seeds, Annis seeds of each six drams, Saffron one dram, the
flowers of red Roses, six pugils, of Violets and Borrage, of each four
pugils, steep them three days warm, and then distil them in a glass
still, in sand.

_Culpeper._] It purges the lungs of flegm and helps consumptions there.
If you should happen to live where no better nor readier medicine can
be gotten, you may use this.

_Aqua Scordii composita._
Or Compound Water of Scordium.

_College._] Take of the juice of Goat’s Rue, Sorrel, Scordium, Citrons,
of each one pound, London Treacle, half a pound, steep it three days,
and distil it in sand.

_Culpeper._] A tasterful taken in the morning, preserves from ill airs.

_Aqua Mariæ._

_College._] Take of Sugar Candy a pound, Canary Wine six ounces, Rose
Water four ounces; boil it well into a Syrup, and add to it Imperial
water two pounds, Ambergreese, Musk, of each eighteen grains, Saffron
fifteen grains, yellow Sanders infused in Imperial water, two drams;
make a clear water of it.

_Aqua Papaveries composita._
Or Poppy Water compound.

_College._] Take of red Poppies four pounds, sprinkle them with white
Wine two pounds, then distil them in a common still, let the distilled
water be poured upon fresh flowers and repeated three times; to which
distilled water add two Nutmegs sliced, red Poppy flowers a pugil,
Sugar two ounces, set it in the sun to give it a pleasing sharpness;
if the sharpness be more than you would have it, put some of the same
water to it which was not set in the sun.

_Aqua Juglandium composita._
Or Walnut Water compound.

_College._] Take of green Walnuts a pound and an half, Radish roots one
pound, green Asarabacca six ounces, Radish seeds, six ounces. Let all
of them, being bruised, be steeped in three pounds of white Wine for
three days, then distilled in a leaden still till they be dry.


TINCTURES.

_Tinctura Croci._
Or Tincture of Saffron.

_College._] Take two drams of Saffron, eight ounces of Treacle water,
digest them six days, then strain it.

_Culpeper._] See the virtues of Treacle water, and then know that this
strengthens the heart something more, and keeps melancholy vapours
thence by drinking a spoonful of it every morning.

_Tinctura Castorii._
Or Tincture of Castoreum.

_College._] Take of Castoreum in powder half an ounce, spirit of
Castoreum half a pound, digest them ten days cold, strain it, and keep
the Liquor for Tincture.

_Culpeper._] A learned invention! ’Tis something more prevalent than
the spirit.

_Tinctura Fragroram._
Or Tincture of Strawberries.

_College._] Take of ripe Wood-strawberries two pounds, put them in
a phial, and put so much small spirits of Wine to them, that it may
overtop them the thickness of four fingers, stop the vessel close, and
set it in the sun two days, then strain it, and press it but gently;
pour this spirit to as many fresh Strawberries, repeat this six times,
at last keep the clear liquor for your use.

_Culpeper._] A fine thing for Gentlemen that have nothing else to do
with their money, and it will have a lovely look to please their eyes.

_Tinctura Scordii._
Or Tincture of Scordium.

_College._] Take of the leaves of Scordium gathered in a dry time,
half a pound, digest them in six pounds of small spirits of Wine, in a
vessel well stopped, for three days, press them out gently, and repeat
the infusion three times, and keep the clarified liquor for use.

So is made Tincture of Celandine, Rest-harrow, and Rosa-solis.

_Culpeper._] See the herbs for the virtues, and then take notice that
these are better for cold stomachs, old bodies.

_Tinctura Theriacalis vulgo Aqua Theriacalis
Ludg. per infus._
Or Tincture of Treacle.

_College._] Take of Canary Wine often times distilled, Vinegar in which
half an ounce of Rue seeds have been boiled, two pounds choice treacle,
the best Mithridate, of each half a pound; mix them and set them in the
sun, or heat of a bath, digest them, and keep the water for use.

_Tinctura Cinnamoni, vulgo, Aqua Clareta
Cinnam._
Or Tincture of Cinnamon.

_College._] Take of bruised Cinnamon two ounces, rectified spirits of
Wine two pounds, infuse them four days in a large glass stopped with
cork and bladder, shake it twice a day, then dissolve half a pound of
Sugar Candy by itself in two pounds of Rose water, mix both liquors,
into which hang a nodule containing, Ambergris half a scruple, Musk
four grains.

_Tinctura Viridis._
Or a green Tincture.

_College._] Take of Verdigris, half an ounce, Auripigmentum six
drams, Alum three drams, boil them in a pound of white Wine till half
be consumed, adding, after it is cold, the water of red Roses, and
Nightshade, of each six ounces.

_Culpeper._] This was made to cleanse ulcers, but I fancy it not.

_Aqua Aluminosa Magistralis._

_College._] Take of Plantain and red Rose water, of each a pound, roch
Alum and Sublimatum, of each two drams; let the Alum and Sublimatum,
being in powder, boil in the waters, in a vessel with a narrow mouth
till half be consumed, when it has stood five days, strain it.


PHYSICAL WINES.

_Vinum Absynthitis._
Or Wormwood Wine.

_College._] Take a handful of dried Wormwood, for every gallon of
Wine, stop it in a vessel close, and so let it remain in steep: so is
prepared wine of Rosemary flowers, and Eye-bright.

_Culpeper._] It helps cold stomachs, breaks wind, helps the wind
cholic, strengthens the stomach, kills worms, and helps the green
sickness.

Rosemary-flower Wine, is made after the same manner. It is good against
all cold diseases of the head, consumes flegm, strengthens the gums and
teeth.

Eye-bright Wine is made after the same manner. It wonderfully clears
the sight being drank, and revives the sight of elderly men: A cup of
it in the morning is worth a pair of spectacles.

All other Wines are prepared in the same manner.

The best way of taking any of these Wines is, to drink a draught of
them every morning. You may, if you find your body old or cold, make
Wine of any other herb, the virtues of which you desire; and make it
and take it in the same manner.

_Vinum Cerassorum Nigrorum._
Or Wine of Black Cherries.

_College._] Take a gallon of Black Cherries, keep it in a vessel close
stopped till it begin to work, then filter it, and an ounce of Sugar
being added to every pound, let pass through Hippocrates’ sleeve, and
keep in a vessel close stopped for use.

_Vinum Helleboratum._
Or Helleborated Wine.

_College._] Take of white Hellebore cut small, four ounces, Spanish
Wine two pounds, steep it in the sun in a phial close stopped, in the
dog days, or other hot weather.

_Vinum Rubellum._

_College._] Take of Stibium, in powder, one ounce, Cloves sliced two
drams, Claret Wine two pounds, keep it in a phial close shut.

_Vinum Benedictum._

_College._] Take of Crocus Metallorum, in powder, one ounce, Mace one
dram, Spanish Wine one pound and an half, steep it.

_Vinum Antimoniale._
Or Antimonial Wine.

_College._] Take of Regulus of Antimony, in powder, four ounces, steep
it in three pounds of white Wine in a glass well stopped, after the
first shaking let the Regulus settle.

_Culpeper._] These last mentioned are vomits, and vomits are fitting
medicines for but a few, the mouth being ordained to take in
nourishment, not to cast out excrements, and to regulate a man’s body
in vomiting; and doses of vomits require a deeper study in physic,
than I doubt the generality of people yet have; I omit it therefore at
this time, not because I grudge it my country, but because I would not
willingly have them do themselves a mischief, I shall shortly teach
them in what diseases vomits may be used, and then, and not till then,
the use of vomits.

_Vinum Scilliticum._
Or Wine of Squills.

_College._] Take of a white Squill of the mountains, gathered about the
rising of the dog star, cut it in thin pieces, and dried for a month,
one pound, put it in a glass bottle, and pour to it eight pounds of
French Wine, and when it hath stood so four days, take out the Squill.

The virtues of this are the same with Vinegar of Squills, only it is
hotter.


PHYSICAL VINEGARS.

_Acetum distillatum._
Or distilled Vinegar.

_College._] Fill a glass or stone alembick with the best Vinegar to the
third part, separate the flegm with a gentle fire, then encrease the
fire by degrees, and perform the work.

_Acetum Rosarum._
Or Rose Vinegar.

_College._] Take of red Rose buds, gathered in a dry time, the whites
cut off, dried in the shade three or four days, one pound, Vinegar
eight sextaries, set them in the sun forty days, then strain out the
Roses, and repeat the infusion with fresh ones.

After the same manner is made Vinegar of Elder flowers, Rosemary
flowers, and Clove-gilliflowers.

_Culpeper._] For the virtues of all Vinegars, take this one only
observation, They carry the same virtues with the flowers whereof they
are made, only as we said of Wines, that they were better for cold
bodies then the bare simples whereof they are made; so are Vinegars
for hot bodies. Besides, Vinegars are often, nay, most commonly used
externally, viz. to bathe the place, then look amongst the simples,
and see what place of the body the simple is appropriated to, and you
cannot but know both what Vinegar to use, and to what place to apply it.

_Acetum Scilliticum._
Or Vinegar of Squils.

_College._] Take of that part of the Squill which is between the
outward bark and the bottom, cut in thin slices, and placed thirty or
forty days in the sun or some remiss heat, then a pound of them (being
cut small with a knife made of ivory or some white wood) being put in
a vessel, and six pounds of Vinegar put to them; set the vessel, being
close stopped, in the sun thirty or forty days, afterwards strain it,
and keep it for use.

_Culpeper._] A little of this medicine being taken in the morning
fasting, and walking half an hour after, preserves the body in health,
to extreme old age, (as _Sanius_ tried, who using no other medicine but
this, lived in perfect health till one hundred and seventeen years of
age) it makes the digestion good, a long wind, a clear voice, an acute
sight, a good colour, it suffers no offensive thing to remain in the
body, neither wind, flegm, choler, melancholy, dung, nor urine, but
brings them forth; it brings forth filth though it lie in the bones, it
takes away salt and sour belchings, though a man be never so licentious
in diet, he shall feel no harm: It hath cured such as have the
phthisic, that have been given over by all Physicians: It cures such
as have the falling sickness, gouts, and diseases and swellings of the
joints: It takes away the hardness of the liver and spleen. We should
never have done if we should reckon up the particular benefits of this
medicine: Therefore we commend it as a wholesome medicine for soundness
of body, preservation of health, and vigour of mind. Thus _Galen_.

_Acetum Theriacale, Norimberg._
Or Treacle Vinegar.

_College._] Take of the roots of Celandine the greater, one ounce
and a half: the roots of Angelica, Masterwort, Gentian, Bistort,
Valerian, Burnet, white Dittany, Elecampane, Zedoary, of each one dram,
of Plantain the greater one dram and a half, the leaves of Mousear,
Sage, Scabious, Scordium, Dittany of Crete, Carduus, of each half an
handful, barks and seeds of Citrons, of each half a dram, Bole Amoniac
one dram, Saffron three drams, of these let the Saffron, Hart’s-horn,
Dittany, and Bole, be tied up in a rag, and steeped with the things
before mentioned, in five pints of Vinegar, for certain days by a
temperate heat in a glass well stopped, strain it, and add six drams of
the best Treacle to it, shake it together, and keep it for your use.

_Acetum Theriacale._
Or Treacle Vinegar.

_College._] Add to the description of Treacle water, Clove-gilliflowers
two ounces, Lavender flowers an ounce and a half, Rose, and Elder
flower Vinegar, of each four pounds, digest it without boiling, three
days, then strain it through Hippocrates’ sleeve.

_Culpeper._] See Treacle Water for the virtues, only this is more cool,
a little more fantastical.


DECOCTIONS.

_Decoctum commune pro clystere._
Or a common Decoction for a Clyster.

_College._] Take of Mallows, Violets, Pellitory, Beets, and Mercury,
Chamomel flowers, of each one handful, sweet Fennel seeds half an
ounce, Linseeds two drams, boil them in a sufficient quantity of common
water to a pound.

_Culpeper._] This is the common decoction for all clysters, according
to the quality of the humour abounding, so you may add what Simples, or
Syrups, or Electuaries you please; only half a score Linseeds, and a
handful of Chamomel flowers are added.

_Decoctum Epythimi._
Or a Decoction of Epithimum.

_College._] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs, and Inds, of each half an
ounce, Stœchas, Raisins of the sun stoned, Epithimum, Senna, of each
one ounce, Fumitory half an ounce, Maudlin five drams, Polipodium six
drams, Turbith half an ounce, Whey made with Goat’s milk, or Heifer’s
milk four pounds, let them all boil to two pounds, the Epithimum
excepted, which boil but a second or two, then take it from the fire,
and add black Hellebore one dram and an half, Agerick half a dram, Sal.
Gem. one dram and an half, steep them ten hours, then press it strongly
out.

_Culpeper._] It purges melancholy, as also choler, it resists madness,
and all diseases coming of melancholy, and therefore let melancholy
people esteem it as a jewel.

_Decoctum Sennæ Gereonis._
Or a Decoction of Senna.

_College._] Take of Senna two ounces, Pollipodium half an ounce, Ginger
one dram, Raisins of the sun stoned two ounces, Sebestens, Prunes, of
each twelve, the flowers of Borrage, Violets, Roses, and Rosemary, of
each two drams, boil them in four pounds of water till half be consumed.

_Culpeper._] It is a common Decoction for any purge, by adding other
simples or compounds to it, according to the quality of the humour you
would have purged, yet, in itself, it chiefly purges melancholy.

_Decoctum Pectorale._
Or a Pectoral Decoction.

_College._] Take of Raisins of the sun stoned, an ounce, Sebestens,
Jujubes, of each fifteen, Dates six, Figs four, French Barley one
ounce, Liquorice half an ounce, Maiden-hair, Hyssop, Scabious,
Colt’s-foot, of each one handful, boil them in three pounds of water
till two remain.

_Culpeper._] The medicine is chiefly appropriated to the lungs,
and therefore causes a clear voice, a long wind, resists coughs,
hoarseness, asthmas, &c. You may drink a quarter of a pint of it every
morning, without keeping to any diet, for it purges not.

I shall quote some Syrups fitting to be mixed with it, when I come to
the Syrups.

_Decoctum Trumaticum._

_College._] Take of Agrimony, Mugwort, wild Angelica, St. John’s Wort,
Mousear, of each two handfuls, Wormwood half a handful, Southernwood,
Bettony, Bugloss, Comfrey the greater and lesser, roots and all, Avens,
both sorts of Plantain, Sanicle, Tormentil with the roots, the buds of
Barberries and Oak, of each a handful, all these being gathered in May
and June and diligently dried, let them be cut and put up in skins or
papers against the time of use, then take of the forenamed herbs three
handfuls, boil them in four pounds of conduit water and two pounds of
white Wine gently till half be consumed, strain it, and a pound of
Honey being added to it, let it be scummed and kept for use.

_Culpeper._] If sight of a medicine will do you good, this is as like
to do it as any I know.




SYRUPS.


ALTERING SYRUPS.

_Culpeper._] READER, before we begin with the particular Syrups, I
think good to advertise thee of these few things, which concern the
nature, making, and use of Syrups in general. 1. A Syrup is a medicine
of a liquid body, compounded of Decoction, Infusion, or Juice, with
Sugar or Honey, and brought by the heat of the fire, into the thickness
of Honey. 2. Because all Honey is not of a thickness, understand new
Honey, which of all other is thinnest. 3. The reason why Decoctions,
Infusions, Juices, are thus used, is, Because thereby, First, They will
keep the longer. Secondly, They will taste the better. 4. In boiling
Syrups have a great care of their just consistence, for if you boil
them too much they will candy, if too little, they will sour. 5. All
simple Syrups have the virtues of the simples they are made of, and are
far more convenient for weak people, and delicate stomachs.

_Syrupus de Absinthio simplex._
Or Syrup of Wormwood simple.

_The College._] Take of the clarified Juice of common Wormwood,
clarified Sugar, of each four pounds, make it into a Syrup according
to art. After the same manner, are prepared simple Syrups of Betony,
Borrage, Bugloss, Carduus, Chamomel, Succory, Endive, Hedge-mustard,
Strawberries, Fumitory, Ground Ivy, St. John’s Wort, Hops, Mercury,
Mousear, Plantain, Apples, Purslain, Rasberries, Sage, Scabious,
Scordium, Houseleek, Colt’s-foot, Paul’s Bettony, and other Juices not
sour.

_Culpeper._] See the simples, and then you may easily know both their
virtues, and also that they are pleasanter and fitter for delicate
stomachs when they are made into Syrups.

_Syrupus de Absinthio Compositus._
Or Syrup of Wormwood compound.

_College._] Take of common Wormwood meanly dry, half a pound, red Roses
two ounces, Indian Spikenard three drams, old white Wine, juice of
Quinces, of each two pounds and an half, steep them a whole day in an
earthen vessel, then boil them gently, and strain it, and by adding two
pounds of sugar, boil it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] _Mesue_ is followed verbatim in this; and the receipt is
appropriated to cold and flegmatic stomachs, and it is an admirable
remedy for it, for it strengthens both stomach and liver, as also
the instruments of concoction, a spoonful taken in the morning, is
admirable for such as have a weak digestion, it provokes an appetite to
one’s victuals, it prevails against the yellow iaundice, breaks wind,
purges humours by urine.

_Syrupus de Acetosus simplex._
Or Syrup of Vinegar simple.

_College._] Take of clear Water four pounds, white Sugar five pounds,
boil them in a glazed vessel over a gentle fire, scumming it till half
the water be consumed, then by putting in two pounds of white Wine
Vinegar by degrees, perfect the Syrup.

_Culpeper._] That is, only melt the Sugar with the Vinegar over the
fire, scum it, but boil it not.

_Syrupus Acetosus simplicior._
Or Syrup of Vinegar more simple.

_College._] Take of white Sugar five pounds, white Wine Vinegar two
pounds, by melting it in a bath, make it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] Of these two Syrups let every one use which he finds by
experience to be best; the difference is but little. They both of them
cut flegm, as also tough, hard viscous humours in the stomach; they
cool the body, quench thirst, provoke urine, and prepare the stomach
before the taking of a vomit. If you take it as a preparative for an
emetic, take half an ounce of it when you go to bed the night before
you intend it to operate, it will work the easier, but if for any of
the foregoing occasions, take it with a liquorice stick.

_Syrupus Acetosus compositus._
Or Syrup of Vinegar compound.

_College._] Take of the roots of Smallage, Fennel, Endive, of each
three ounces, the seeds of Annis, Smallage, Fennel, of each one ounce,
of Endive half an ounce, clear Water six pounds, boil it gently in an
earthen vessel till half the water be consumed, then strain and clarify
it, and with three pounds of Sugar, and a pound and a half of white
Wine Vinegar, boil it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] This in my opinion is a gallant Syrup for such whose
bodies are stuffed either with flegm, or tough humours, for it opens
obstructions or stoppings both of the stomach, liver, spleen, and
reins; it cuts and brings away tough flegm and choler, and is therefore
a special remedy for such as have a stuffing at their stomach.

_Syrupus de Agno Casto._
Or Syrup of Agnus Castus.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Rue and Hemp, of each half a dram,
of Endive, Lettice, Purslain, Gourds, Melons, of each two drams, of
Fleawort half an ounce, of Agnus Castus four ounces, the flowers of
Water Lilies, the leaves of Mints, of each half a handful, decoction
of seeds of Lentils, and Coriander seeds, of each half an ounce, three
pounds of the decoction, boil them all over a gentle fire till two
pounds be consumed, add to the residue, being strained, two ounces of
juice of Lemons, a pound and a half of white sugar, make it into a
Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] A pretty Syrup, and good for little.

_Syrupus de Althæa._
Or Syrup of Marsh-mallows.

_College._] Take of roots of Marsh-mallows, two ounces, the roots of
Grass Asparagus, Liquorice, Raisins of the Sun stoned, of each half
an ounce, the tops of Mallows, Marsh-mallows, Pellitory of the Wall,
Burnet, Plantain, Maiden-hair white and black, of each a handful, red
Cicers an ounce, of the four greater and four lesser cold seeds, of
each three drams, boil them in six pounds of clear Water till four
remain, which being strained, boil into a syrup with four pounds of
white sugar.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling, opening, slipery Syrup, and chiefly
commendable for the cholic, stone, or gravel, in the kidneys or bladder.

_Syrupus de Ammoniaca._
Or Syrup of Ammoniacum.

_College._] Take of Maudlin and Cetrach, of each four handfuls, common
Wormwood an ounce, the roots of Succory, Sparagus, bark of Caper roots,
of each two ounces, after due preparation steep them twenty-four hours
in three ounces of white Wine, Radish and Fumitory water, of each two
pounds, then boil it away to one pound eight ounces, let it settle,
in four ounces of which, whilst it is warm, dissolve by itself Gum
Ammoniacum, first dissolved in white Wine Vinegar, two ounces, boil the
rest with a pound and an half of white sugar into a Syrup, adding the
mixtures of the Gum at the end.

_Culpeper._] It cools the liver, and opens obstructions both of it and
the spleen, helps old surfeits, and such like diseases, as scabs, itch,
leprosy, and what else proceed from the liver over heated. You may take
an ounce at a time.

_Syrupus de Artemisia._
Or Syrup of Mugwort.

_College._] Take of Mugwort two handfuls, Pennyroyal, Calaminth,
Origanum, Bawm, Arsmart, Dittany of Crete, Savin, Marjoram, Germander,
St. John’s Wort, Camepitis, Featherfew with the flowers, Centaury the
less, Rue, Bettony, Bugloss, of each a handful, the roots of Fennel,
Smallage, Parsley, Sparagus, Bruscus, Saxifrage, Elecampane, Cypress,
Madder, Orris, Peony, of each an ounce, Juniper Berries, the seeds of
Lovage, Parsley, Smallage, Annis, Nigella, Carpobalsamum or Cubebs,
Costus, Cassia Lignea, Cardamoms, Calamus Aromaticus, the roots of
Asarabacca, Pellitory of Spain, Valerian, of each half an ounce, being
cleansed, cut, and bruised, let them be infused twenty-four hours in
fourteen pounds of clear water, and boiled till half be consumed, being
taken off from the fire, and rubbed between your hands whilst it is
warm, strain it, and with honey and sugar, of each two pounds, sharp
Vinegar four ounces, boil it to a Syrup, and perfume it with Cinnamon
and Spikenard, of each three drams.

_Culpeper._] It helps the passion of the matrix, and retains it in
its place, it dissolves the coldness, wind, and pains thereof: it
strengthens the nerves, opens the pores, corrects the blood, it
corrects and provokes the menses. You may take a spoonful of it at a
time.

_Syrupus de Betonica compositus._
Or Syrup of Bettony compound.

_College._] Take of Bettony three handfuls, Marjoram four handfuls and
a half, Thyme, red Roses, of each a handful, Violets, Stœchas, Sage,
of each half a handful, the seeds of Fennel, Annis, and Ammi, of each
half an ounce, the roots of Peons, Polypodium, and Fennel, of each five
drams, boil them in six pounds of river water, to three pounds, strain
it, and add juice of Bettony two pounds, sugar three pounds and a half,
make it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It helps diseases coming of cold, both in the head and
stomach, as also such as come of wind, vertigos, madness; it concocts
melancholy, it provokes the menses, and so doth the simple Syrup more
than the compound.

_Syrupus Byzantinus, simple._

_College._] Take of the Juice of the leaves of Endive and Smallage,
of each two pounds, of Hops and Bugloss, of each one pound, boil them
together and scum them, and to the clarified liquor, add four pounds of
white sugar, to as much of the juices, and with a gentle fire boil it
to a Syrup.

_Syrupus Byzantinus, compound._

_College._] Take of the Juices so ordered as in the former, four
pounds, in which boil red Roses, two ounces, Liquorice half an ounce,
the seeds of Annis, Fennel, and Smallage, of each three drams,
Spikenard two drams, strain it, and to the three pounds remaining,
add two pounds of Vinegar, four pounds of Sugar, make it into a syrup
according to art.

_Culpeper._] They both of them (viz. both Simple and Compound)
open stoppings of the stomach, liver, and spleen, help the rickets
in children, cut and bring away tough flegm, and help the yellow
jaundice. You may take them with a Liquorice stick, or take a spoonful
in the morning fasting.

_Syrupus Botryos._
Or Syrup of Oak of Jerusalem.

_College._] Take of Oak of Jerusalem, Hedge-mustard, Nettles, of each
two handfuls, Colt’s-foot, one handful and a half, boil them in a
sufficient quantity of clear water till half be consumed; to two pounds
of the Decoction, add two pounds of the Juice of Turnips baked in an
oven in a close pot, and with three pounds of white sugar, boil it into
a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] This Syrup was composed against coughs, shortness of
breath, and other the like infirmities of the breast proceeding of
cold, for which (if you can get it) you may take it with a Liquorice
stick.

_Syrupus Capillorum Veneris._
Or Syrup of Maiden-hair.

_College._] Take of Liquorice two ounces, Maiden-hair five ounces,
steep them a natural day in four pounds of warm water, then after
gentle boiling, and strong straining, with a pound and a half of fine
sugar make it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It opens stoppings of the stomach, strengthens the lungs,
and helps the infirmities of them. This may be taken also either with
a Liquorice stick, or mixed with the Pectoral Decoction like Syrup of
Coltsfoot.

_Syrupus Cardiacus, vel Julepum Cardiacum._
Or a Cordial Syrup.

_College._] Take of Rhenish Wine two pounds, Rose Water two ounces and
a half, Cloves two scruples, Cinnamon half a dram, Ginger two scruples,
Sugar three ounces and a half, boil it to the consistence of a Julep,
adding Ambergris three grains, Musk one grain.

_Culpeper._] If you would have this Julep keep long, you may put in
more sugar, and yet if close stopped, it will not easily corrupt
because it is made up only of Wine, indeed the wisest way is to order
the quantity of sugar according to the palate of him that takes it. It
restores such as are in consumptions, comforts the heart, cherishes the
drooping spirits, and is of an opening quality, thereby carrying away
those vapours which might otherwise annoy the brain and heart: You may
take an ounce at a time, or two if you please.

_Syrupus infusionis florum Cariophillorum._
Or Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers.

_College._] Take a pound of Clove-gilliflowers, the whites being cut
off, infuse them a whole night in two pounds of water, then with four
pounds of sugar melted in it, make it into a Syrup without boiling.

_Culpeper._] This Syrup is a fine temperate Syrup: it strengthens the
heart, liver, and stomach; it refreshes the vital spirits, and is a
good cordial in fevers; and usually mixed with other cordials, you can
hardly err in taking it, it is so harmless a Syrup.

_Syrupus de Cinnamomo._
Or Syrup of Cinnamon.

_College._] Take of Cinnamon grossly bruised, four ounces, steep it in
white Wine, and small Cinnamon Water, of each half a pound, three days,
in a glass, by a gentle heat; strain it, and with a pound and a half of
sugar, boil it gently to a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It refreshes the vital spirits exceedingly, and cheers
both heart and stomach languishing through cold, it helps digestion
exceedingly, and strengthens the whole body. You may take a spoonful at
a time in a cordial.

_College._] Thus also you may conveniently prepare Syrups (but only
with white Wine,) of Annis seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, Cloves, Nutmegs,
Ginger, &c.

_Syrupus Acetositatis Citriorum._
Or Syrup of Juice of Citrons.

_College._] Take of the Juice of Citrons, strained without expression,
and cleansed, a pound, Sugar two pounds, make it into a Syrup like
Syrup of Clove-gilliflowers.

_Culpeper._] It prevails against all diseases proceeding from choler,
or heat of blood, fevers, both pestilential, and not pestilential; it
resists poison, cools the blood, quenches thirst, cures the vertigo, or
dizziness in the head.

_College._] After the same manner is made Syrups of Grapes, Oranges,
Barberries, Cherries, Quinces, Lemons, Woodsorrel, Mulberries, Sorrel,
English Currants, and other sour Juices.

_Culpeper._] If you look the simples you may see the virtues of them:
they all cool and comfort the heart, and strengthen the stomach, Syrup
of Quinces stays vomiting, so doth all Syrup of Grapes.

_Syrupus Corticum Citriorum._
Or Syrup of Citron Pills.

_College._] Take of fresh yellow Citron Pills five ounces, the berries
of Chermes, or the juice of them brought over to us, two drams, Spring
Water four pounds, steep them all night, boil them till half be
consumed, taking off the scum, strain it, and with two pounds and a
half of sugar boiled it into a Syrup: let half of it be without Musk,
but perfume the other half with three grains of Musk tied up in a rag.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the stomach, resists poison, strengthens
the heart, and resists the passions thereof, palpitation, faintings,
swoonings; it strengthens the vital spirits, restores such as are in
consumptions, and hectic fevers, and strengthens nature much. You may
take a spoonful at a time.

_Syrupus e Coralliis simplex._
Or Syrup of Coral simple.

_College._] Take of red Coral in very fine powder four ounces, dissolve
it in clarified juice of Barberries in the heat of a bath, a pound, in
a glass well stopped with wax and cork, a digestion being made three or
four days, pour off what is dissolved, put in fresh clarified juice,
and proceed as before, repeat this so often till all the coral be
dissolved; lastly, to one pound of this juice add a pound and a half of
sugar, and boil it to a Syrup gently.

_Syrupus e Coralliis compositus._
Or Syrup of Coral compound.

_College._] Take of red Coral six ounces, in very fine powder, and
levigated upon a marble, add of clarified juice of Lemons, the
flegm being drawn off in a bath, sixteen ounces, clarified juice of
Barberries, eight ounces, sharp white Wine Vinegar, and juice of
Wood-sorrel, of each six ounces, mix them together, and put them in
a glass stopped with cork and bladder, shaking it every day till it
have digested eight days in a bath, or horse dung, then filter it, of
which take a pound and a half, juice of Quinces half a pound, sugar of
Roses twelve ounces, make them into a Syrup in a bath, adding Syrup of
Clove-gilliflowers sixteen ounces, keep it for use, omitting the half
dram of Ambergris, and four grains of Musk till the physician command
it.

_Culpeper._] Syrup of Coral both simple and compound, restore such as
are in consumptions, are of a gallant cooling nature, especially the
last, and very cordial, good for hectic fevers, it stops fluxes, the
running of the reins, and the Fluor Albus, helps such as spit blood,
and such as have the falling-sickness, it stays the menses. Half a
spoonful in the morning is enough.

_Syrupus Cydoniorum._
Or Syrup of Quinces.

_College._] Take of the Juice of Quinces clarified six pounds, boil it
over a gentle fire till half of it be consumed, scumming it, adding red
Wine three pounds, white sugar four pounds, boil it into a Syrup, to be
perfumed with a dram and a half of Cinnamon, Cloves and Ginger, of each
two scruples.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the heart and stomach, stays looseness and
vomiting, relieves languishing nature: for looseness, take a spoonful
of it before meat, for vomiting after meat, for both, as also for the
rest, in the morning.

_Syrupus de Erysimo._
Or Syrup of Hedge-mustard.

_College._] Take of Hedge-mustard, fresh, six handfuls, the roots
of Elecampane, Colt’s-foot, Liquorice, of each two ounces, Borrage,
Succory, Maiden-hair, of each a handful and a half, the cordial
flowers, Rosemary and Bettony, of each half a handful, Annis seeds half
an ounce, Raisins of the sun stoned, two ounces, let all of them, being
prepared according to art, be boiled in a sufficient quantity of Barley
Water and Hydromel, with six ounces of juice of Hedge-mustard to two
pounds and a half, the which, with three pounds of sugar, boil it into
a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It was invented against cold afflictions of the breast
and lungs, as asthmas, hoarseness, &c. You may take it either with a
Liquorice stick, or which is better, mix an ounce of it with three or
four ounces of Pectoral Decoction, and drink it off warm in the morning.

_Syrupus de Fumaria._
Or Syrup of Fumitory.

_College._] Take of Endive, common Wormwood, Hops, Dodder,
Hart’s-tongue, of each a handful, Epithimum an ounce and a half, boil
them in four pounds of water till half be consumed, strain it, and
add the juice of Fumitory a pound and a half, of Borrage and Bugloss,
of each half a pound, white sugar four pounds, make them into a Syrup
according to art.

_Culpeper._] The receipt is a pretty concocter of melancholy, and
therefore a rational help for diseases arising thence, both internal
and external, it helps diseases of the skin, as Leprosies, Cancers,
Warts, Corns, Itch, Tetters, Ringworms, Scabs, &c. and it is the better
to be liked, because of its gentleness. It helps surfeits exceedingly,
cleanses, cools, and strengthens the liver, and causes it to make good
blood, and good blood cannot make bad flesh. I commend this receipt to
those whose bodies are subject to scabs and itch. If you please you may
take two ounces by itself every morning.

_Syrupus de Glycyrrhiza._
Or Syrup of Liquorice.

_College._] Take of green Liquorice, scraped and bruised, two ounces,
white Maiden-hair an ounce, dryed Hyssop half an ounce, steep these in
four pounds of hot water, after twenty-four hours, boil it till half
be consumed, strain it, and clarify it, and with Honey, Penids, and
Sugar, of each eight ounces, make it into a Syrup, adding, before it be
perfectly boiled, red Rose Water six ounces.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses the breast and lungs, and helps continual
coughs and pleurisies. You may take it with a Liquorice stick, or add
an ounce of it or more to the Pectoral Decoction.

_Syrupus Granatorum cum Aceto; vulgo,
Oxysaccharum simplex._
Or Syrup of Pomegranates with Vinegar.

_College._] Take of white sugar a pound and a half, juice of
Pomegranates eight ounces, white Wine Vinegar four ounces, boil it
gently into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] Look the virtues of Pomegranates among the simples.

_Syrupus de Hyssopo._
Or Syrup of Hyssop.

_College._] Take eight pounds of Spring Water, half an ounce of Barley,
boil it about half an hour, then add the Roots of Smallage, Parsley,
Fennel, Liquorice, of each ten drams, Jujubes, Sebestens, of each
fifteen, Raisins of the sun stoned, an ounce and a half, Figs, Dates,
of each ten, the seeds of Mallows and Quinces, Gum Tragacanth tied
up in a rag, of each three drams, Hyssop meanly dryed, ten drams,
Maiden-hair six drams, boil them together, yet so, that the roots may
precede the fruits, the fruits the seeds, and the seeds the herbs,
about a quarter of an hour; at last, five pounds of water being
consumed, boil the other three (being first strained and clarified)
into a Syrup with two pounds and a half of sugar.

_Culpeper._] It mightily strengthens the breast and lungs, causes long
wind, clears the voice, is a good remedy against coughs. Use it like
the Syrup of Liquorice.

_Syrupus Ivæ arthriticæ, sive Chamæpityos._
Or Syrup of Chamepitys.

_College._] Take of Chamepitys, two handfuls, Sage, Rosemary, Poley
Mountain, Origanum, Calaminth, wild Mints, Pennyroyal, Hyssop, Thyme,
Rue, garden and wild, Bettony, Mother of Thyme, of each a handful, the
roots of Acorns, Birthwort long and round, Briony, Dittany, Gentian,
Hog’s Fennel, Valerian, of each half an ounce, the roots of Smallage,
Asparagus, Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus, of each an ounce, Pellitory of
Spain, an ounce and a half, Stœchas, the seeds of Annis, Ammi, Caraway,
Fennel, Lovage, Hartwort, of each three drams, Raisins of the sun two
ounces, boil them in ten pounds of water to four, to which add honey
and sugar, of each two pounds, make it into a Syrup to be perfumed with
Sugar, Nutmegs, and Cubebs, of each three drams.

_Syrupus Jujubinus._
Or Syrup of Jujubes.

_College._] Take of Jujubes, Violets, five drams, Maiden-hair,
Liquorice, French Barley, of each an ounce, the seeds of Mallows five
drams, the seeds of white Poppies, Melons, Lettice, (seeds of Quinces
and Gum Tragacanth tied up in a rag) of each three drams, boil them in
six pounds of rain or spring water till half be consumed, strain it,
and with two pounds of sugar make it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling Syrup, very available in coughs,
hoarseness, and pleurisies, ulcers of the lungs and bladder, as also
in all inflammations whatsoever. You may take a spoonful of it once in
three or four hours, or if you please take it with a Liquorice stick.

_Syrupus de Meconio, sive Diacodium._
Or Syrup of Meconium, or Diacodium.

_College._] Take of white Poppy heads with their seeds, gathered a
little after the flowers are fallen off, and kept three days, eight
ounces, black Poppy heads (so ordered) six ounces, rain Water eight
pounds, steep them twenty-four hours, then boil and press them gently,
boil it to three pounds, and with twenty-four ounces of sugar boil it
into a Syrup according to art.

_Syrupus de Meconio compositus._
Or Syrup of Meconium compound.

_College._] Take of white and black Poppy heads with their seeds, fifty
drams, Maiden-hair fifteen drams, Jujubes thirty, the seeds of Lettice,
forty drams, of Mallows and Quinces tied up in a rag, a dram and a
half, Liquorice five drams, water eight pounds, boil it according to
art, strain it, and to three pounds of Decoction add Sugar and Penids,
of each one pound, make it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] _Meconium_ is nothing else but the juice of English
Poppies boiled till it be thick: It prevails against dry coughs,
phthisicks, hot and sharp gnawing rheums, and provokes sleep. It is an
usual fashion for nurses when they have heated their milk by exercise
or strong liquor (no marvel then if their children be froward) then run
for Syrup of Poppies, to make their young ones sleep. I would fain have
that fashion left, therefore I forbear the dose; let nurses keep their
own bodies temperate, and their children will sleep well enough, never
fear.

_Syrupus Melissophylli._
Or Syrup of Bawm.

_College._] Take of the Bark of Bugloss roots, an ounce, the roots of
white Dittany, Cinquefoil, Scorzonera, of each half an ounce, the
leaves of Bawm, Scabious, Devil’s-bit, the flowers of both sorts of
Bugloss, and Rosemary, of each a handful, the seeds of Sorrel, Citrons,
Fennel, Carduus, Bazil, of each three drams, boil them in four pounds
of water till half be consumed, strain it, and add three pounds of
white sugar, juice of Bawm and Rose Water, of each half a pound, boil
them to a Syrup, the which perfume with Cinnamon and yellow Sanders, of
each half an ounce.

_Culpeper._] It is an excellent cordial, and strengthens the heart,
breast, and stomach, it resists melancholy, revives the spirits, is
given with good success in fevers, it strengthens the memory, and
relieves languishing nature. You may take a spoonfull of it at a time.

_Syrupus de Mentha._
Or Syrup of Mints.

_College._] Take of the juices of Quinces sweet and between sweet and
sour, the juice of Pomegranates sweet, between sweet and sour, and
sour, of each a pound and a half, dried Mints half a pound, red Roses
two ounces, let them lie in steep one day, then boil it half away,
and with four pounds of sugar boil it into a Syrup according to art:
perfume it not unless the Physicians command.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup is in quality binding, yet it comforts the
stomach much, helps digestion, stays vomiting, and is as excellent
a remedy against sour or offensive belchings, as any is in the
Dispensatory. Take a spoonful of it after meat.

_Syrupus de Mucilaginibus._
Or Syrup of Mussilages.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Marsh-mallows, Mallows, Quinces, of
each an ounce, Gum Tragacanth three drams, let these infuse six hours
in warm Decoction of Mallows, white Poppy seeds, and Winter Cherries,
then press out the Mussilage to an ounce and an half, with which, and
three ounces of the aforesaid Decoction, and two ounces of sugar, make
a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] A spoonful taken by itself, or in any convenient liquor,
is excellent for any sharp corroding humours be they in what part
of the body soever, phthisicks, bloody-flux, stone in the reins or
bladder, or ulcers there: it is excellent good for such as have taken
purges that are too strong for their bodies, for by its slippery nature
it helps corrosions, and by its cooling helps inflammations.

_Syrupus Myrtinus._
Or Syrup of Myrtles.

_College._] Take of Myrtle Berries two ounces and an half, Sanders
white and red, Sumach, Balaustines, Barberry stones, red Roses, of
each an ounce and a half, Medlars half a pound, bruise them in eight
pounds of water to four, strain it, and add juice of Quinces and sour
Pomegranates, of each six ounces, then with three pounds of sugar, boil
it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup is of a very binding, yet comforting nature, it
helps such as spit blood, all fluxes of the belly, or corrosions of
the internal parts, it strengthens the retentive faculty, and stops
immoderate flux of menses. A spoonful at a time is the dose.

_Syrupus Florum Nymphæ simplex._
Or Syrup of Water-Lily flowers, simple.

_College._] Take of the whitest of white Water-Lily flowers, a pound,
steep them in three pounds of warm water six or seven hours, let them
boil a little, and strain them out, put in the same weight of flowers
again the second and third time, when you have strained it the last
time, add its weight of sugar to it, and boil it to a Syrup.

_Syrupus Florum Nymphæ compositus._
Syrup of Water-Lily flowers compound.

_College._] Take of white Water-Lily flowers half a pound, Violets
two ounces, Lettice two handfuls, the seeds of Lettice, Purslain, and
Gourds, of each half an ounce, boil them in four pounds of clear water
till one be consumed, strain it, and add half a pound of red Rose
water, white sugar four pounds, boil it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] They are both fine cooling Syrups, allay the heat of
choler, and provoke sleep, they cool the body, both head, heart, liver,
reins, and matrix, and therefore are profitable for hot diseases in
either, you may take an ounce of it at a time when your stomach is
empty.

_Syrupus de Papavere Erratico, sive Rubro._
Or Syrup of Erratic Poppies.

_College._] Take of the fresh flowers of red Poppies two pounds, steep
them in four pounds of warm spring water, the next day strain it, and
boil it into a Syrup with its equal weight in sugar.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup cools the blood, helps surfeits, and may safely
be given in frenzies, fevers, and hot agues.

_Syrupus de Pilosella._
Or Syrup of Mousear.

_College._] Take of Mousear three handfuls, the roots of Lady’s-mantle
an ounce and an half, the roots of Comfrey the greater, Madder,
white Dittany, Tormentil, Bistort, of each an ounce, the leaves
of Wintergreen, Horsetail, Ground Ivy, Plantain, Adder’s Tongue,
Strawberries, St. John’s Wort with the flowers, Golden Rod, Agrimony,
Bettony, Burnet, Avens, Cinquefoil the greater, red Coleworts,
Balaustines, red Roses, of each a handful, boil them gently in six
pounds of Plantain Water to three, then strain it strongly, and when it
is settled, add Gum Tragacanth, the seeds of Fleawort, Marsh-mallows
and Quinces, made into a Mussilage by themselves in Strawberry and
Bettony Water, of each three ounces, white sugar two pounds, boil it to
the thickness of honey.

_Culpeper._] It is drying and healing, and therefore good for ruptures.

_Syrupus infusionis florum Pæoniæ._
Or Syrup of the infusion of Peony flowers.

_College._] It is prepared in the same manner as Syrup of
Clove-gilliflowers.

_Syrupus de Pæonia compositus._
Or Syrup of Peony compound.

_College._] Take of the Roots of both sorts of Peony taken up at the
full Moon, cut in slices, and steeped in white Wine a whole day, of
each an ounce and an half, Contra Yerva half an ounce, Siler Mountain
six drams, Elk’s Claws an ounce, Rosemary with the flowers on, one
handful, Bettony, Hyssop, Origanum, Chamepitys, Rue, of each three
drams, Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Cardamoms the less, of each two drams,
Ginger, Spikenard, of each a dram, Stœchas, Nutmegs, of each two drams
and an half, boil them after one day’s warm digestion, in a sufficient
quantity of distilled water of Peony roots, to four pounds, in which
(being strained through _Hippocrates’_ sleeve) put four pounds and an
half of white sugar, and boil it to a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It helps the falling-sickness, and convulsions.

_Syrupus de Pomis aiterans._
Or Syrup of Apples.

_College._] Take four pounds of the juice of sweet scented Apples, the
juice of Bugloss, garden and wild, of Violet leaves, Rose Water, of
each a pound, boil them together, and clarify them, and with six pounds
of pure sugar, boil it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling Syrup for such whose stomachs are
overpressed with heat, and may safely be given in fevers, for it rather
loosens than binds: it breeds good blood, and is profitable in hectic
fevers, and for such as are troubled with palpitation of the heart, it
quenches thirst admirably in fevers, and stays hiccoughs. You may take
an ounce of it at a time in the morning, or when you need.

_Syrupus de Prasio._
Or Syrup of Horehound.

_College._] Take of white Horehound fresh, two ounces, Liquorice,
Polipodium of the Oak, Fennel, and Smallage roots, of each half an
ounce, white Maiden-hair, Origanum, Hyssop, Calaminth, Thyme, Savory,
Scabious, Colt’s-foot, of each six drams, the seeds of Annis and
Cotton, of each three drams, Raisins of the sun stoned two ounces, fat
Figs ten, boil them in eight pounds of Hydromel till half be consumed,
boil the Decoction into a Syrup with honey and sugar, of each two
pounds, and perfume it with an ounce of the roots of Orris Florentine.

_Culpeper._] It is appropriated to the breast and lungs, and is a
fine cleanser to purge them from thick and putrified flegm, it helps
phthisicks and coughs, and diseases subject to old men, and cold
natures. Take it with a Liquorice stick.

_Syrupus de quinq. Radicibus._
Or Syrup of the five opening Roots.

_College._] Take of the roots of Smallage, Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus,
Sparagus of each two ounces, spring Water, six pounds, boil away the
third part, and make a Syrup with the rest according to art, with three
pounds of sugar, adding eight ounces of white Wine Vinegar, towards the
latter end.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses and opens very well, is profitable against
obstructions, provokes urine, cleanses the body of flegm, and is safely
and profitably given in the beginning of fevers. An ounce at a time
upon an empty stomach is a good dose.

_Syrupus Raphani._
Or Syrup of Radishes.

_College._] Take of garden and wild Radish roots, of each an ounce,
the roots of white Saxifrage, Lovage, Bruscus, Eringo, Rest-harrow,
Parsley, Fennel, of each half an ounce, the leaves of Bettony, Burnet,
Pennyroyal, Nettles, Water-cresses, Samphire, Maiden-hair, of each one
handful, Winter Cherries, Jujubes, of each ten, the seeds of Bazil,
Bur, Parsley of Macedonia, Hartwort, Carraway, Carrots, Gromwell,
the bark of the root of Bay-tree, of each two drams, Raisins of the
sun stoned, Liquorice, of each six drams, boil them in twelve pounds
of water to eight, strain it, and with four pounds of sugar, and two
pounds of honey, make it into a Syrup, and perfume it with an ounce of
Cinnamon, and half an ounce of Nutmegs.

_Culpeper._] A tedious long medicine for the stone.

_Syrupus Regius, alias Julapium Alexandrinum._
Or Julep of Alexandria.

_College._] Boil four pounds of Rose-water, and one pound of white
Sugar into a Julep. Julep of Roses is made with Damask Rose water, in
the very same manner.

_Culpeper._] Two fine cooling drinks in the heat of summer.

_Syrupus de Rosis siccis._
Or Syrup of dried Roses.

_College._] Make four pounds of spring water hot, in which infuse a
pound of dried Roses, by some at a time, press them out and with two
pounds of sugar, boil it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] Syrup of dried Roses, strengthens the heart, comforts the
spirits, binds the body, helps fluxes, and corrosions, or gnawings of
the bowels, it strengthens the stomach, and stays vomiting. You may
take an ounce at a time, before meat, if for fluxes; after meat if for
vomiting.

_Syrupus Scabiosæ._
Or Syrup of Scabious.

_College._] Take of the roots of Elecampane, and Polypodium of the
Oak, of each two ounces, Raisins of the sun stoned an ounce, Sebestens
twenty, Colt’s-foot, Lungwort, Savory, Calaminth, of each a handful and
an half, Liquorice, Spanish Tobacco, of each half an ounce, the seeds
of Nettles and Cotton, of each three drams, boil them all (the roots
being infused in white Wine the day before) in a sufficient quantity
of Wine and Water to eight ounces, strain it, and adding four ounces
of the Juice of Scabious, and ten ounces of sugar, boil it to a Syrup,
adding to it twenty drops of oil of sulphur.

_Culpeper._] It is a cleansing Syrup appropriated to the breast
and lungs, when you perceive them oppressed by flegm, crudites, or
stoppings, your remedy is to take now and then a spoonful of this
Syrup, it is taken also with good success by such as are itchy, or
scabby.

_Syrupus de Scolopendrio._
Or Syrup of Hart’s-tongue.

_College._] Take of Hart’s-tongue three handfuls, Polypodium of the
Oak, the roots of both sorts of Bugloss, bark of the roots of Capers
and Tamerisk, of each two ounces, Hops, Dodder, Maiden-hair, Bawm, of
each two handfuls, boil them in nine pounds of Spring water to five,
and strain it, and with four pounds of white sugar, make it into a
Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps the stoppings of melancholy, opens obstructions
of the liver and spleen, and is profitable against splenetic evils, and
therefore is a choice remedy for the disease which the vulgar call the
rickets, or liver-grown: A spoonful in a morning is a precious remedy
for children troubled with that disease. Men that are troubled with the
spleen, which is known by pain and hardness in their left side, may
take three or four spoonfuls, they shall find this one receipt worth
the price of the whole book.

_Syrupus de Stœchade._
Syrup of Stœchas.

_College._] Take of Stœchas flowers four ounces, Rosemary flowers half
an ounce, Thyme, Calaminth, Origanum, of each an ounce and an half,
Sage, Bettony, of each half an ounce, the seeds of Rue, Peony, and
Fennel, of each three drams, spring water ten pounds, boil it till half
be consumed, and with honey and sugar, of each two pounds, boil it into
a Syrup, which perfume with Cinnamon, Ginger, and Calmas Aromaticus, of
each two drams tied up in a rag.

_Syrupus de Symphyto._
Or Syrup of Comfrey.

_College._] Take of roots and tops of Comfrey, the greater and lesser,
of each three handfuls, red Roses, Bettony, Plantain, Burnet, Knot
grass, Scabious, Colt’s foot, of each two handfuls, press the juice
out of them all, being green and bruised, boil it, scum it, and strain
it, add its weight of sugar to it that it may be made into a Syrup,
according to art.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup is excellent for all inward wounds and bruises,
excoriations, vomitings, spittings, or evacuation of blood, it unites
broken bones, helps ruptures, and stops the menses: You cannot err in
taking of it.

_Syrupus Violarum._
Or Syrup of Violets.

_College._] Take of Violet flowers fresh and picked, a pound, clear
water made boiling hot, two pounds, shut them up close together into
a new glazed pot, a whole day, then press them hard out, and in two
pounds of the liquor dissolve four pounds and three ounces of white
sugar, take away the scum, and so make it into a Syrup without boiling.
Syrup of the juice of Violets, is made with its double weight of sugar,
like the former.

_Culpeper._] This Syrup cools and moistens, and that very gently, it
corrects the sharpness of choler, and gives ease in hot vices of the
breast, it quenches thirst in acute fevers, and resist the heat of the
disease; it comforts hot stomachs exceedingly, cools the liver and
heart, and resists putrefaction, pestilence, and poison.

_College._] Julep of Violets is made of the water of Violet flowers
and sugar, like Julep of Roses.

_Culpeper._] It is cooling and pleasant.


PURGING SYRUPS.

_Syrupus de Cichorio cum Rhubarbaro._
Or Syrup of Succory with Rhubarb.

_College._] Take of whole Barley, the roots of Smallage, Fennel, and
Sparagus, of each two ounces, Succory, Dandelyon, Endive, smooth
Sow-thistles, of each two handfuls, Lettuce, Liverwort, Fumitory, tops
of Hops, of each one handful, Maiden-hair, white and black, Cetrachs,
Liquorice, winter Cherries, Dodder, of each six drams, to boil these
take sixteen pounds of spring water, strain the liquor, and boil in
it six pounds of white sugar, adding towards the end six ounces of
Rhubarb, six drams of Spikenard, bound up in a thin slack rag the which
crush often in boiling, and so make it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses the body of venemous humours, as boils,
carbuncles, and the like; it prevails against pestilential fevers, it
strengthens the heart and nutritive virtue, purges by stool and urine,
it makes a man have a good stomach to his meat, and provokes sleep.
But by my author’s leave, I never accounted purges to be proper physic
in pestilential fevers; this I believe, the Syrup cleanses the liver
well, and is exceeding good for such as are troubled with hypocondriac
melancholy. The strong may take two ounces at a time, the weak, one, or
you may mix an ounce of it with the Decoction of Senna.

_Syrupus de Epithymo._
Or Syrup of Epithimum.

_College._] Take of Epithimum twenty drams, Mirobalans, Citron, and
Indian of each fifteen drams, Emblicks, Belloricks, Polypodium,
Liquorice, Agrick, Thyme, Calaminth, Bugloss, Stœchas of each six
drams, Dodder, Fumitory, of each ten drams, red Roses, Annis-seeds and
sweet Fennel seeds of each two drams and an half, sweet Prunes ten,
Raisins of the sun stoned four ounces, Tamarinds two ounces and an
half, after twenty-four hours infusion in ten pints of spring water,
boil it away to six, then take it from the fire and strain it, and with
five pounds of fine sugar boil it into Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is best to put in the Dodder, Stœchas and Agarick,
towards the latter end of the Decoction. It purges melancholy, and
other humours, it strengthens the stomach and liver, cleanses the body
of addust choler and addust blood, as also of salt humours, and helps
diseases proceeding from these, as scabs, itch, tetters, ringworms,
leprosy, &c. A man may take two ounces at a time, or add one ounce to
the Decoction of Epithimum.

_Syrupus e Floribus Persicorum._
Or Syrup of Peach-flowers.

_College._] Take of fresh Peach-flowers a pound, steep them a whole day
in three pounds of warm water, then boil a little and strain it out,
repeat this infusion five times in the same liquor, in three pounds of
which dissolve two pounds and an half of sugar and boil it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It is a gentle purger of choler, and may be given even in
fevers to draw away the sharp choleric humours.

_Syrupus de Pomis purgans._
Or Syrup of Apples purging.

_College._] Take of the juice of sweet smelling Apples two pounds, the
juice of Borrage and Bugloss of each one pound and an half, Senna two
ounces, Annis seeds half an ounce, Saffron one dram, let the Senna be
steeped in the juices twenty-four hours, and after a boil or two strain
it, and with two pounds of white sugar boil it to a Syrup according
to art, the saffron being tied up in a rag, and often crushed in the
boiling.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup is a cooling purge, and tends to rectify the
distempers of the blood, it purges choler and melancholy, and therefore
must needs be effectual both in yellow and black jaundice, madness,
scurf, leprosy, and scabs, it is very gentle. The dose is from one
ounce to three, according as the body is in age and strength. An ounce
of it in the morning is excellent for such children as break out in
scabs.

_Syrupus de Pomis magistralis._
Or Syrup of Apples magisterial.

_College._] Take of the Juice and Water of Apples of each a pound
and an half, the Juice and Water of Borrage and Bugloss of each nine
ounces, Senna half a pound, Annis seeds, and sweet Fennel seeds, of
each three drams, Epithimum of Crete, two ounces, Agarick, Rhubarb, of
each half an ounce, Ginger, Mace, of each four scruples, Cinnamon two
scruples, Saffron half a dram, infuse the Rhubarb and Cinnamon apart
by itself, in white Wine and Juice of Apples, of each two ounces, let
all the rest, the Saffron excepted, be steeped in the Waters above
mentioned, and the next day put in the juices, which being boiled,
scummed, and strained, then with four ounces of white sugar boil it
into a Syrup, crushing the saffron in it being tied up in a linen rag,
the infusion of the Rhubarb being added at the latter end.

_Culpeper._] Out of doubt this is a gallant Syrup to purge choler and
melancholy, and to resist madness.

_Syrupus de Rhubarbaro._
Or Syrup of Rhubarb.

_College._] Take of the best Rhubarb and Senna of each two ounces and
an half, Violet flowers a handful, Cinnamon one dram and an half,
Ginger half a dram, Bettony, Succory and Bugloss Water of each one
pound and an half, let them be mixed together warm all night, and in
the morning strained and boiled into a Syrup, with two pounds of white
sugar, adding towards the end four ounces of Syrup of Roses.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses choler and melancholy very gently, and is
therefore fit for children, old people, and weak bodies. You may add an
ounce of it to the Decoction of Epithimum or to the Decoction of Senna.

_Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus._
Or Syrup of Roses solutive.

_College._] Take of Spring Water boiling hot four pounds, Damask Rose
leaves fresh, as many as the water will contain; let them remain twelve
hours in infusion, close stopped; then press them out and put in fresh
Rose leaves; do so nine times in the same liquor, encreasing the
quantity of the Roses as the liquor encreases, which will be almost by
the third part every time: Take six parts of this liquor, and with four
parts of white sugar, boil it to a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It loosens the belly, and gently brings out choler and
flegm, but leaves a binding quality behind it.

_Syrupus e succo Rosarum._
Or Syrup of the Juice of Roses.

_College._] It is prepared without steeping, only with the juice of
Damask Roses pressed out, and clarified, and an equal proportion of
sugar added to it.

_Culpeper._] This is like the other.

_Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Agarico._
Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Agarick.

_College._] Take of Agarick cut thin an ounce, Ginger two drams, Sal.
Gem. one dram, Polipodium bruised two ounces, sprinkle them with white
Wine and steep them two days over warm ashes, in a pound and an half of
the infusion of Damask Roses prescribed before, and with one pound of
sugar boil it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges flegm from the head, relieves the senses
oppressed by it, provokes the menses, purges the stomach and liver,
and provokes urine.

_Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Helleboro._
Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Hellebore.

_College._] Take of the bark of all the Myrobalans, of each four
ounces, bruise them grossly, and steep them twenty-four hours in twelve
pounds of the infusion of Roses before spoken, Senna, Epithimum,
Polypodium of the Oak, of each four ounces, Cloves an ounce, Citron
seeds, Liquorice, of each four ounces, the bark of black Hellebore
roots six drams, let the fourth part of the liquor gently exhale,
strain it, and with five pounds of sugar, and sixteen drams of Rhubarb
tied up in a linen rag, make it into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] The Syrup, rightly used, purges melancholy, resists
madness.

_Syrupus Rosaceus solutivus cum Senna._
Or Syrup of Roses solutive with Senna.

_College._] Take of Senna six ounces, Caraway, and sweet Fennel seeds,
of each three drams, sprinkle them with white Wine, and infuse them two
days in three pounds of the infusion of Roses aforesaid, then strain
it, and with two pounds of sugar boil it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It purges the body of choler and melancholy, and expels
the relics a disease hath left behind it; the dose is from one ounce
to two, you may take it in a Decoction of Senna, it leaves a binding
quality behind it.

_Syrupus de Spina Cervina._
Or Syrup of Purging Thorn.

_College._] Take of the berries of Purging Thorn, gathered in
September, as many as you will, bruise them in a stone mortar, and
press out the juice, let the fourth part of it evaporate away in a
bath, then to two pounds of it add sixteen ounces of white sugar,
boil it into a Syrup, which perfume with Mastich, Cinnamon, Nutmegs,
Anni-seeds in fine powder, of each three drams.


SYRUPS MADE WITH VINEGAR
AND HONEY.

_Mel Anthosatum._
Or Honey of Rosemary Flowers.

_College._] Take of fresh Rosemary flowers a pound, clarified Honey
three pounds, mix them in a glass with a narrow mouth, set them in the
sun, keep them for use.

_Culpeper._] It hath the same virtues with Rosemary flowers, to which I
refer you, only by reason of the Honey it may be somewhat cleansing.

_Mel Helleboratum._
Or Honey Helleborated.

_College._] Take of white Hellebore roots bruised a pound, clear Water
fourteen pounds, after three days infusion, boil it till half be
consumed, then strain it diligently, and with three pounds of Honey,
boil it to the thickness of Honey.

_Mel Mercuriale._
Or Honey of Mercury.

_College._] Boil three pounds of the juice of Mercury, with two pounds
of Honey to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] It is used as an emollient in clysters.

_Mel Mororum, vel Diamoron._
Or Honey of Mulberries.

_College._] Take of the juice of Mulberries and Blackberries, before
they be ripe, gathered before the sun be up, of each a pound and a
half, Honey two pounds, boil them to their due thickness.

_Culpeper._] It is vulgarly known to be good for sore mouths, as also
to cool inflammations there.

_Mel Nuceum, alias, Diacarion et Dianucum._
Or Honey of Nuts.

_College._] Take of the juice of the outward bark of green Walnuts,
gathered in the dog days two pounds, boil it gently till it be thick,
and with one pound of Honey, boil it to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] It is a good preservative in pestilential times, a
spoonful being taken as soon as you are up.

_Mel Passalatum._
Or Honey of Raisins.

_College._] Take of Raisins of the sun cleansed from the stones two
pounds, steep them in six pounds of warm water, the next day boil it
half away, and press it strongly, and with two pounds of Honey, let the
expressed liquor boil to its thickness.

_Culpeper._] It is a pretty pleasing medicine for such as are in
consumptions, and are bound in body.

_Mel Rosatum commune, sive Foliatum._
Or common Honey of Roses.

_College._] Take of red Roses not quite open two pounds, Honey six
pounds, set them in the sun according to art.

_Mel Rosatum Colatum._
Or Honey of Roses strained.

_College._] Take of the best clarified Honey ten pounds, juice of fresh
red Roses one pound, set it handsomely over the fire, and when it
begins to boil, put in four pounds of fresh red Roses, the whites being
cut off; the juice being consumed by boiling and stirring, strain it
and keep it for use.

_Culpeper._] They are both used for diseases in the mouth.

_Mel Rosatum solutivum._
Or Honey of Roses solutive.

_College._] Take of the often infusion of Damask Roses five pounds,
Honey rightly clarified four pounds, boil it to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] It is used as a laxative in clysters, and some use it to
cleanse wounds.

_College._] After the same manner is prepared Honey of the infusion of
red Roses.

_Mel scilliticum._
Or Honey of Squils.

_College._] Take one Squil full of juice, cut in bits, and put it in a
glass vessel, the mouth close stopped, and covered with a skin, set in
the sun forty days, to wit, twenty before and after the rising of the
dog star, then open the vessel, and take the juice which lies at the
bottom, and preserve it with the best Honey.

_College._] Honey of Violets is prepared like as Honey of Roses.

_Oxymel, simple._

_College._] Take of the best Honey four pounds, clear Water and white
Wine Vinegar, of each two pounds, boil them in an earthen vessel,
taking the scum off with a wooden scummer, till it be come to the
consistence of a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It cuts flegm, and it is a good preparative against a
vomit.

_Oxymel compound._

_College._] Take of the Bark of the Root of Fennel, Smallage, Parsley,
Bruscus, Asparagus, of each two ounces, the seeds of Fennel, Smallage,
Parsley, Annis, of each one ounce, steep them all (the roots being
first cleansed and the seeds bruised) in six pounds of clear Water
and a pound and a half of Wine Vinegar, the next day boil it to the
consumption of the third part, boil the rest being strained, with three
pounds of Honey into a liquid Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] First having bruised the roots and seeds, boil them in the
water till half be consumed, then strain it and add the Honey, and when
it is almost boiled enough, add the Vinegar.

_Oxymel Helleboratum._
Or Oxymel Helleborated.

_College._] Take of Rue, Thyme, Dittany of Crete, Hyssop, Pennyroyal,
Horehound, Carduus, the roots of Celtick, Spikenard without leaves,
the inner bark of Elders, of each a handful, Mountain Calaminth two
pugils, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, Bazil, Roman Nettles, Dill, of
each two drams, the roots of Angelica, Marsh-mallows, Aron, Squills
prepared, Birthwort, long, round, and climbing, Turbith, English Orris,
Costus, Polypodium, Lemon pills, of each an ounce, the strings of black
Hellebore, Spurge, Agerick, added at the end of the Decoction, of each
two drams, the bark of white Hellebore half an ounce, let all of them
being dried and bruised, be digested in a glass, or glazed vessel
close stopped, in the heat of the sun, or of a furnace, Posca, made of
equal parts of Water and Vinegar, eight pounds, Sapa two ounces, three
days being expired, boil it little more than half away, strain it,
pressing it gently, and add to the liquor a pound and a half of Honey
Roses, wherein two ounces of Citron pills have been infused, boil it to
the thickness of Honey, and perfume it with Cloves, Saffron, Ginger,
Galanga, Mace, of each a dram.

_Oxymel Julianizans._

_College._] Take of the Bark of Caper roots, the roots of Orris,
Fennel, Parsley, Bruscus, Chicory, Sparagus, Cypress, of each half an
ounce, the leaves of Harts-tongue, Schænanth, Tamarisk, of each half a
handful, sweet Fennel seed half an ounce, infuse them in three pounds
of Posca, which is something sour, afterwards boil it till half be
consumed, strain it, and with Honey and sugar clarified, of each half a
pound, boil it to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] This medicine is very opening, very good against
Hypocondriac melancholy, and as fit a medicine as can be for that
disease in children called the Rickets.

_College._] Oxymel of Squills simple, is made of three pounds of
clarified Honey; Vinegar of Squills two pounds, boil them according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It cuts and divides humours that are tough and viscous,
and therefore helps the stomach and bowels afflicted by such humours,
and sour belchings. If you take but a spoonful in the morning, an able
body will think enough.

_Oxymel Scilliticum compositus._
Or Oxymel of Squills compound.

_College._] Take of Origanum, dried Hyssop, Thyme, Lovage, Cardamoms
the less, Stœchas, of each five drams, boil them in three pounds of
Water to one, strain it and with two pounds of Honey, Honey of Raisins
half a pound, juice of Briony five ounces, Vinegar of Squills a pound
and a half, boil it, and scum it according to art.

_Culpeper._] This is good against the falling-sickness, Megrim,
Head-ache, Vertigo, or swimming in the head, and if these be occasioned
by the stomach as many times they are, it helps the lungs obstructed by
humour, and is good for women not well cleansed after labour, it opens
the passage of the womb.

_Syrup of Purslain._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Purslain grossly bruised, half a
pound, of the juice of Endive, boiled and clarified, two pounds, Sugar
two pounds, Vinegar nine ounces, infuse the seeds in the juice of
Endive twenty-four hours, afterwards boil it half away with a gentle
fire, then strain it, and boil it with the sugar to the consistence of
a Syrup, adding the Vinegar towards the latter end of the decoction.

_Culpeper._] It is a pretty cooling Syrup, fit for any hot disease
incident to the stomach, reins, bladder, matrix, or liver; it thickens
flegm, cools the blood, and provokes sleep. You may take an ounce of it
at a time when you have occasion.

_Compound Syrup of Colt’s-foot._ Renod.

_College._] Take six handfuls of green Colt’s-foot, two handfuls of
Maiden-hair, one handful of Hyssop, and two ounces of Liquorice, boil
them in four pints, either of rain or spring water till the fourth part
be consumed, then strain it, and clarify it, to which add three pounds
of white sugar, boil it to the perfect consistence of a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] The composition is appropriated to the lungs, and
therefore helps the infirmities, weaknesses, or failings thereof as
want of voice, difficulty of breathing, coughs, hoarseness, catharrs,
&c. The way of taking it is with a Liquorice-stick, or if you please,
you may add an ounce of it to the Pectoral Decoction before mentioned.

_Syrup of Poppies, the lesser composition._

_College._] Take of the heads of white Poppies and black, when both of
them are green, of each six ounces, the seeds of Lettice, the flowers
of Violets, of each one ounce, boil them in eight pints of water till
the virtue is out of the heads; then strain them, and with four pounds
of sugar boil the liquor to a Syrup.

_Syrup of Poppies, the greater composition._

_College._] Take of the heads of both white and black Poppies, seeds
and all, of each fifty drams, Maiden-hair, fifteen drams, Liquorice,
five drams, Jujubes, thirty by number, Lettice seeds, forty drams, of
the seeds of Mallows and Quinces, (tied up in a thin linen cloth) of
each one dram and an half, boil these in eight pints of water till
five pints be consumed, when you have strained out the three pints
remaining, add to them, Penids and white sugar, of each a pound, boil
them into a Syrup according to art.

_Culpeper._] All these former Syrups of Poppies provoke sleep, but
in that, I desire they may be used with a great deal of caution and
wariness: such as these are not fit to be given in the beginning of
fevers, nor to such whose bodies are costive, yet to such as are
troubled with hot, sharp rheums, you may safely give them: The last is
appropriated to the lungs; It prevails against dry coughs, phthisicks,
hot and sharp gnawing rheums, and provokes sleep. It is an usual
fashion for nurses when they have heated their milk by exercise or
strong liquor then run for Syrup of Poppies to make their young ones
sleep. I would fain have that fashion left off, therefore I forbear the
dose: Let nurses keep their own bodies temperate, and their children
will sleep well enough.

_Syrup of Eupatorium (or Maudlin.)_ Mesue.

_College._] Take of the Roots of Smallage, Fennel, and Succory, of
each two ounces, Liquorice, Schænanth, Dodder, Wormwood, Roses, of
each six drams, Maidenhair, Bedeguar, or instead thereof, the roots
of Carduus Mariæ, Suchaha or instead thereof the roots of Avens, the
flowers or roots of Bugloss, Annis seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, Ageratum,
or Maudlin, of each five drams, Rhubarb, Mastich, of each three drams,
Spikenard, Indian leaf, or instead of it put Roman spike, of each
two drams, boil them in eight pints of Water till the third part be
consumed, then strain the Decoction, and with four pounds of sugar,
clarified juice of Smallage and Endive, of each half a pound, boil it
into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It amends infirmities of the liver coming of cold,
opens obstructions, helps the dropsy, and evil state of the body; it
extenuates gross humours, strengthens the liver, provoake urine, and is
a present succour for hypocondriac melancholy. You may take an ounce at
a time in the morning, it opens but purges not.

_Honey of Emblicks._ Augustanus.

_College._] Take fifty Emblick Myrobalans, bruise them and boil them in
three pints of water till two be consumed, strain it, and with the like
weight of Honey, boil it into a Syrup.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine gentle purger both of flegm and melancholy:
it strengthens the brain and nerves, and senses both internal and
external, helps tremblings of the heart, stays vomiting, provokes
appetite. You may take a spoonful at a time.


ROB, OR SAPA: AND JUICES.

_Culpeper._] 1. Rob, or Sapa, is the juice of a fruit, made thick by
the heat either of the sun, or the fire, that it is capable of being
kept safe from putrefaction. 2. Its use was first invented for diseases
in the mouth. 3. It is usually made, in respect of body, somewhat
thicker than new Honey. 4. It may be kept about a year, little more or
less.

_Rob sive Sapa, simplex._
Or Simple Rob, or Sapa.

_College._] Take of Wine newly pressed from white and ripe Grapes, boil
it over a gentle fire to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] Whenever you read the word Rob, or Sapa throughout the
Dispensatory, simply quoted in any medicine without any relation of
what it should be made, this is that you ought to use.

_Rob de Barberis._
Or Rob of Barberries.

_College._] Take of the juice of Barberries strained as much as you
will, boil it by itself (or else by adding half a pound of sugar to
each pound of juice) to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] It quenches thirst, closes the mouth of the stomach,
thereby staying vomiting, and belching, it strengthens stomachs
weakened by heat, and procures appetite. Of any of these Robs you may
take a little on the point of a knife when you need.

_Rob de Cerasis._
Or Rob of Cherries.

_College._] Take of the juice of red Cherries somewhat sowerish, as
much as you will, and with half their weight in sugar boil them like
the former.

_Culpeper._] See the virtue of Cherries, and there you have a method to
keep them all the year.

_Rob de Cornis._
Or Rob of Cornels.

_College._] Take of the juice of Cornels two pounds, sugar a pound and
an half, boil it according to art.

_Culpeper._] Of those Cornel trees are two sorts, male and female, the
fruit of the male Cornel, or Cornelian Cherry is here to be used. The
fruit of male Cornel, binds exceedingly, and therefore good in fluxes,
and the immoderate flowing of the menses.

_Rob Cydoniorum._
Or Rob of Quinces.

_College._] Take of the clarified juice of Quinces, boil it till two
parts be consumed and with its equal weight in sugar boil it into a Rob.

_Miva vel Gelatina Eorundem._
Or Jelly of Quinces.

_College._] Take of the juice of Quinces clarified twelve pounds, boil
it half away, and add to the remainder, old white Wine five pounds,
consume the third part over a gentle fire, taking away the scum (all
you ought) let the rest settle, and strain it, and with three pounds of
sugar boil it according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both are good for weak and indisposed stomachs.

_College._] Rob of sour Plums is made as Rob of Quinces, the use of
sugar is indifferent in them both.

Rob of English Currants is made in the same manner, let the juice be
clarified.

_Culpeper._] The virtues are the same with Rob of Barberries.

_Rob Baccarum Sambuci._
Or Rob of Elder Berries.

_College._] Take of the juice of Elder Berries, and make it thick with
the help of a gentle fire, either by itself, or a quarter of its weight
in sugar being added.

_Culpeper._] Both Rob of Elder Berries, and Dwarf-Elder, are excellent
for such whose bodies are inclining to dropsies, neither let them
neglect nor despise it. They may take the quantity of a nutmeg each
morning, it will gently purge the watery humour.

_College._] In the same manner is made Rob of Dwarf-Elder, Junipers,
and Paul’s Betony, only in the last, the sugar and juice must be equal
in weight.

_Succus Glycyrrhizæ simplex._
Or Juice of Liquorice simple.

_College._] Infuse Liquorice Roots cleansed and gently bruised, three
days in Spring Water, so much that it may over-top the roots the
breadth of three fingers, then boil it a little, and press it hard out,
and boil the liquor with a gentle fire to its due thickness.

_Culpeper._] It is vulgarly known to be good against coughs, colds, &c.
and a strengthner of the lungs.

_Succus Glycyrrhizæ compositus._
Or Juice of Liquorice compound.

_College._] Take of the water of tender Oak leaves, of Scabious, of
each four pounds, English Liquorice scraped and bruised two pounds,
boil them by degrees till they be soft, then press out the liquor
strongly in a press, to which add three pounds of juice of Hyssop, and
dry it away in the sun in a broad earthen vessel.

_Culpeper._] The virtues are the same with the former.

_Succus Pronorum Sylvestrum._
Or Juice of Sloes, called Acacia.

_College._] Take of Sloes hardly ripe, press out the juice, and make it
thick in a bath.

_Culpeper._] It stops fluxes, and procures appetite.

_College._] So are the Juices of Wormwood, Maudlin, and Fumitory made
thick, to wit, the herbs bruised while they be tender, and the juice
pressed out and after it be clarified, boil over the fire to its just
thickness.


LOHOCH, OR ECLEGMATA.

_Culpeper._] Because this word also is understood but by few, we will
first explain what it is. 1. The word _Lohoch_ is an Arabick word,
called in Greek _Eclegma_, in Latin _Linctus_, and signifies a thing
to be licked up. 2. It is in respect of body, something thicker than
a Syrup, and not so thick as an electuary. 3. Its use was against the
roughness of the windpipe, diseases, and inflammations of the lungs,
difficulty of breathing, colds, coughs, &c. 4. Its manner of reception
is with a Liquorice stick, bruised at the end, to take up some and
retain it in the mouth, till it melt of its own accord.

_Lohoch de Farfara._
Or Lohoch of Coltsfoot.

_College._] Take of Colts-foot roots cleansed eight ounces,
Marsh-mallow roots four ounces cleansed, boil them in a sufficient
quantity of water, and press the pulp out through a sieve, dissolve
this again in the Decoction, and let it boil once or twice, then take
it from the fire, and add two pounds of white sugar, Honey of Raisins
fourteen ounces, juice of Liquorice two drams and an half, stir them
stoutly with a wooden pestle, mean season sprinkle in Saffron and
Cloves, of each a scruple, Cinnamon and Mace, of each two scruples,
make them into a Lohoch according to art.

_Culpeper._] It was invented for the cough.

_Lohoch de Papavere._
Or Lohoch of Poppies.

_College._] Take white Poppy seeds twenty four drams, sweet Almonds
blanched in Rose Water, Pine-nuts cleansed, Gum Arabick and Tragacanth,
of each ten drams, juice of Liquorice an ounce, Starch three drams, the
seeds of Lettuce, Purslain, Quinces, of each half an ounce, Saffron a
dram, Penids four ounces, Syrup of Meconium three pounds, make it into
a Lohoch according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps salt, sharp and thin distillations upon the
lungs, it allays the fury of such sharp humours, which occasion both
roughness of the throat, want of sleep, and fevers; it is excellent for
such as are troubled with pleurises to take now and then a little of
it.

_Lohoch e Passulis._
Or Lohoch of Raisins.

_College._] Take of male Peony roots, Liquorice, of each half an ounce,
Hyssop, Bawm, Hart’s-tongue, or Cetrach, of each half a handful, boil
them in Spring Water, and press them strongly, and by adding a pound of
Raisins bruised, boil it again, pressing it through a linen cloth, then
with a pound of white sugar, make it into a Lohoch according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is very good against coughs, consumptions of the lungs,
and other vices of the breast, and is usually given to children for
such diseases, as also for convulsions, and falling-sickness.

_Lohoch e Pino._
Or Lohoch of Pinenuts.

_College._] Take of Pine-nuts, fifteen drams, sweet Almonds, Hazel
Nuts gently roasted, Gum Arabick and Tragacanth, powder and juice of
Liquorice, white Starch, Maiden-hair, Orris roots, of each two drams,
the pulp of Dates seventeen drams, bitter Almonds one dram and an half,
Honey of Raisins, white Sugar-candy, fresh Butter, of each two ounces,
Honey one pound and an half, dissolve the Gums in so much Decoction of
Maiden-hair as is sufficient; let the rest be mixed over a gentle fire,
and stirred, that so it may be made into a Lohoch.

_Culpeper._] The medicine is excellent for continual coughs, and
difficulty of breathing, it succours such as are asthmatic, for it cuts
and atenuates tough humours in the breast.

_Lohoch de Portulaca._
Or Lohoch of Purslain.

_College._] Take of the strained Juice of Purslain two pounds,
Troches of _Terra Lemnia_ two drams, Troches of Amber, Gum Arabic,
Dragon’s-blood of each one dram, _Lapis Hematilis_, the wool of a
Hare toasted, of each two scruples, white Sugar one pound, mix them
together, that so you may make a Lohoch of them.

_Culpeper._] The medicine is so binding that it is better let alone
than taken, unless in inward bruises when men spit blood, then you may
safely take a little of it.

_Lohoch e Pulmone Vulpis._
Or Lohoch of Fox Lungs.

_College._] Take of Fox Lungs rightly prepared, juice of Liquorice,
Maiden-hair, Annis-seeds, sweet Fennel seeds, of each equal parts,
Sugar dissolved in Colt’s-foot, and Scabious Water, and boiled into a
Syrup, three times their weight; the rest being in fine powder, let
them be put to it and strongly stirred together, that it may be made
into a Lohoch according to art.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses and unites ulcers in the lungs and breast, and
is a present remedy in phthisicks.

_Lohoch sanum et Expertum._
Or a sound and well experienced Lohoch.

_College._] Take of dried Hyssop and Calaminth, of each half an ounce,
Jujubes, Sebestens, the stones being taken out, fifteen Raisins of the
Sun stoned, fat Figs, Dates, of each two ounces, Linseed, Fenugreek
seed, of each five drams, Maiden-hair one handful, Annis-seeds, sweet
Fennel seeds, Orris Roots cut, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of each an ounce,
boil them according to art in four pounds of clear water till half
be consumed, and with two pounds of Penids boil it into a Syrup,
afterwards cut and bruise very small Pine-nuts five drams, sweet
Almonds blanched, Liquorice, Gum Tragacanth and Arabick, white Starch
of each three drams, let these be put into the Syrup when it is off the
fire, and stir it about swiftly with a wooden pestle till it look white.

_Culpeper._] It succors the breast, lungs, throat, oppressed by cold,
it restores the voice lost by reason of cold, and attenuates thick and
gross humours in the breast and lungs.

_Lohoch Scilliticum._
Or Lohoch of Squils.

_College._] Take three drams of a Squil baked in paste, Orris Roots two
drams, Hyssop, Hore-hound, of each one dram, Saffron, Myrrh, of each
half a dram, Honey two ounces and an half, bruise the Squil, after it
is baked, in a stone mortar, and after it hath boiled a walm or two
with the Honey, put in the rest of the things in powder, diligently
stirring it, and make it into a Lohoch according to art.

_Eclegma of Squils._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of the juice of Squils and Honey, both of them
clarified, of each two pounds, boil them together according to art to
the consistence of Honey.

_Culpeper._] For the virtues of it see Vinegar of Squils, and Oximel
of Squils, only this is more mild, and not so harsh to the throat,
because it hath no Vinegar in it, and therefore is far more fitting for
_Asthmaes_, and such as are troubled with difficulty of breathing, it
cuts and carries away humours from the breast, be they thick or thin,
and wonderfully helps indigestion of victuals, and eases pains in the
breast, and for this, I quote the authority of _Galen_.

_Lohoch of Coleworts._ Gordonius.

_College._] Take one pound of the juice of Coleworts, clarified Saffron
three drams, clarified Honey, and Sugar, of each half a pound, make of
them a Lohoch according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps hoarseness, and loss of voice, eases surfeits and
head-ache coming of drunkenness, and opens obstructions of the liver
and spleen, and therefore is good for that disease in children called
the rickets.


PRESERVED ROOTS, STALKS,
BARKS, FLOWERS, FRUITS.

_College._] Take of Eringo Roots as many as you will, cleanse them
without and within, the pith being taken out, steep them two days in
clear water, shifting the water sometimes, then dry them with a cloth,
then take their equal weight in white Sugar, and as much Rose-water
as will make it into a Syrup, which being almost boiled, put in the
roots, and let them boil until the moisture be consumed, and let it
be brought to the due body of a Syrup. Not much unlike to this are
preserved the roots of Acorus, Angelica, Borrage, Bugloss, Succory,
Elecampane, Burnet, Satyrion, Sicers, Comfrey the greater, Ginger,
Zedoary. Take of the stalks of Artichokes, not too ripe, as many as you
will, and (_contrary to the roots_) take only the pith of these, and
preserve them with their equal weight in sugar, like the former. So is
prepared the stalks of Angelica, Burs, Lettuce, &c. before they be too
ripe. Take of fresh Orange pills as many as you will, take away the
exterior yellowness, and steep them in spring water three days at the
least, often renewing the water, then preserve them like the former.
In like manner are Lemon and Citron pills preserved. Preserve the
flowers of Citrons, Oranges, Borrage, Primroses, with Sugar, according
to art. Take of Apricots as many as you will, take away the outer skin
and the stones, and mix them with their like weight in sugar, after
four hours take them out, and boil the Sugar without any other Liquor,
then put them in again, and boil them a little. Other Fruits may be
preserved in the same manner, or at least not much unlike to it, as
whole Barberries, Cherries, Cornels, Citrons, Quinces, Peaches, common
Apples, the five sorts of Myrobalans, Hazel Nuts, Walnuts, Nutmegs,
Raisins of the Sun, Pepper brought green from India, Plums, garden
and wild Pears, Grapes. Pulps are also preserved, as Barberries,
Cassia Fistula, Citrons, Cinosbatus, Quinces, and Sloes, &c. Take of
Barberries as many as you will, boil them in spring water till they
are tender, then having pulped them through a sieve, that they are
free from the stones, boil it again in an earthen vessel over a gentle
fire, often stirring them for fear of burning, till the watery humour
be consumed, then mix ten pounds of sugar with six pounds of this pulp,
boil it to its due thickness. Broom buds are also preserved, but with
brine and vinegar, and so are Olives and Capers. Lastly, Amongst the
Barks, Cinnamon, amongst the flowers, Roses, and Marigolds, amongst the
fruits, Almonds, Cloves, Pine-nuts, and Fistick-nuts, are said to be
preserved but with this difference, they are encrusted with dry sugar,
and are more called confects than preserves.


CONSERVES AND SUGARS.

_College._] Conserves of the herbs of Wormwood, Sorrel, Wood-sorrel,
the flowers of Oranges, Borrage, Bugloss, Bettony, Marigolds, the Tops
of Carduus, the Flowers of Centaury the less, Clove-gilliflowers,
Germander, Succory, the Leaves of Scurvy-grass, the flowers of Comfrey
the greater. Citratiæ, Cinosbati, the roots of Spurge, herbs and
flowers of Eye-bright, the tops of Fumitory, Goat’s-rue, the flowers
of Broom not quite open, Hyssop, Lavender, white Lilies, Lilies of the
Valley, Marjoram, Mallows, the tops of Bawm, the leaves of Mints, the
flowers of Water Lilies, red Poppies, Peony, Peaches, Primroses, Roses,
the leaves of Rue, the flowers of Sage, Elder Scabious, the leaves of
Scordium, the flowers of Limetree, Coltsfoot, Violets, with all these
are conserves made with their treble proportion of white sugar; yet
note, that all of them must not be mixed alike, some of them must be
cut, beaten, and gently boiled, some neither cut, beaten nor boiled,
and some admit but one of them, which every artist in his trade may
find out by this premonition and avoid error.


SUGARS.

_Diacodium Solidum, sive Tabulatum._

_College._] Take of white Poppy heads, meanly ripe, and newly gathered,
twenty, steep them in three pounds of warm spring water, and the next
day boil them until the virtue is out, then strain out the liquor, and
with a sufficient quantity of good sugar, boil it according to art,
that you may make it up into Lozenges.

_Culpeper._] The virtues are the same with the common Diacodium,
viz. to provoke sleep, and help thin rheums in the head, coughs, and
roughness of the throat, and may easily be carried about in one’s
pocket.

_Saccharum tabulatum simplex, et perlatum._
Or Lozenges of Sugar both simple and
pearled.

_College._] The first is made by pouring the sugar upon a marble, after
a sufficient boiling in half its weight in Damask Rose Water: And the
latter by adding to every pound of the former towards the latter end of
the decoction, Pearls, prepared and bruised, half an ounce, with eight
or ten leaves of gold.

_Culpeper._] It is naturally cooling, appropriated to the heart,
it restores lost strength, takes away burning fevers, and false
imaginations, (I mean that with Pearls, for that without Pearls is
ridiculous) it hath the same virtues Pearls have.

_Saccharum Tabulatum compositum._
Or Lozenges of Sugar compound.

_College._] Take of choice Rhubarb four scruples, Agarick Trochiscated,
Corallins, burnt Hart’s-horn, Dittany of Crete, Wormseed and Sorrel
seed, of each a scruple, Cinnamon, Zedoary, Cloves, Saffron, of each
half a scruple, white Sugar a pound, dissolved in four ounces of
Wormwood Water, Wormwood Wine, an ounce, Cinnamon Water a spoonful,
with the forenamed powders make it into Lozenges according to art.

_Culpeper._] The title shews you the virtues of it.

_Saccharum Penidium_,
Or Sugar Penids

_College._] Are prepared of sugar dissolved in spring water by a gentle
fire, and the whites of Eggs diligently beaten, and clarified once, and
again whilst it is boiling, then strain it and boil it gently again,
till it rise up in great bubbles, and being chewed it stick not to your
teeth, then pour it upon a marble, anointed with oil of Almonds, (let
the bubbles first sink, after it is removed from the fire) bring back
the outsides of it to the middle till it look like Larch rosin, then,
your hands being rubbed with white starch, you may draw it into threads
either short or long, thick or thin, and let it cool in what form you
please.

_Culpeper._] I remember country people were wont to take them for
coughs, and they are sometimes used in other compositions.

_Confectio de Thure._
Or Confection of Frankincense.

_College._] Take Coriander seeds prepared half an ounce, Nutmegs, white
Frankincense, of each three drams, Liquorice, Mastich, of each two
drams, Cubebs, Hart’s-horn prepared, of each one dram, conserve of Red
roses an ounce, white Sugar as much as is sufficient to make it into
mean bits.

_Culpeper._] I cannot boast much of the rarity nor virtues of this
receipt.

_Saccharum Rosatum._
Or Sugar of Roses.

_College._] Take of red Rose leaves, the whites being cut off, and
speedily dried in the sun an ounce, white Sugar a pound, melt the
Sugar in Rose-water and juice of Roses of each two ounces which being
consumed by degrees, put in the Rose leaves in powder, mix them, put it
upon a marble, and make it into Lozenges according to art.

_Culpeper._] As for the virtues of this, it strengthens weak stomachs,
weak hearts, and weak brains, restores such as are in consumptions,
restores lost strength, stays fluxes, eases pains in the head, ears
and eyes, helps spitting, vomiting, and urining of blood; it is a fine
commodity for a man in a consumption to carry about with him, and eat
now and then a bit.


SPECIES, OR POWDERS.

_Aromaticum Caryophyllatum._

_College._] Take of Cloves seven drams, Mace, Zedoary, Galanga the
less, yellow Sanders, Troches, Diarrhodon, Cinnamon, wood of Aloes,
Indian Spikenard, long Pepper, Cardamoms the less, of each a dram, Red
Roses four ounces, Gallia Moschata, Liquorice, of each two drams, of
Indian leaf, Cubebs of each two scruples, beat them all diligently into
powder.

_Culpeper._] This powder strengthens the heart and stomach, helps
digestion, expels wind, stays vomiting, and cleanses the stomach of
putrified humors.

_Aromaticum Rosatum._

_College._] Take of Red Roses exungulated fifteen drams, Liquorice
seven drams, wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, of each three drams,
Cinnamon five drams, Cloves, Mace, of each two drams and an half, Gum
Arabic and Tragacanth, of each eight scruples, Nutmegs, Cardamoms the
less, Galanga of each one dram, Indian Spikenard two scruples, make it
into a powder to be kept in a glass for use.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the brain, heart and stomach, and all
such internal members as help towards decoction, it helps digestion,
consumes the watery excrements of the bowels, strengthens such as are
pined away by reason of the violence of a disease, and restores such as
are in consumption.

_Pulvus ex chelus Cancrorum compositus._
Or Powder of Crab’s claws compound.

_College._] Take of Pearls prepared, Crab’s eyes, red Coral, white
Amber, Hart’s-horn, oriential Bezoar, of each half an ounce, powder of
the black tops of Crab’s claws, the weight of them all, beat them into
powder, which may be made into balls with jelly, and the skins which
our vipers have cast off, warily dried and kept for use.

_Culpeper._] This is that powder they ordinarily call _Gascoigns_
powder, there are divers receipts of it, of which this is none of the
worst, four, or five, or six grains is excellently good in a fever to
be taken in any cordial, for it cheers the heart and vital spirits
exceedingly, and makes them impregnable.

_Species Cordiales Temperatæ._

_College._] Take of wood of Aloes, Spodium of each a dram, Cinnamon,
Cloves, bone of a Stag’s-heart, the roots of Angelica, Avens, and
Tormentil, of each a dram and an half, Pearls prepared six drams, raw
Silk toasted, both sorts of Coral of each two drams, Jacinth, Emerald,
Samphire, of each half a dram, Saffron a scruple, the leaves of gold
and silver, of each ten, make them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a great cordial, a great strengthener of the heart,
and brain.

_Diacalaminthe Simple._

_College._] Take of Mountain Calaminth, Pennyroyal, Origanum, the seeds
of Macedonian Parsley, common Parsley, and Hartwort, of each two drams,
the seeds of Smallage, the tops of Thyme of each half an ounce, the
seeds of Lovage, black Pepper, of each an ounce, make them into powder
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It heats and comforts cold bodies, cuts thick and gross
flegm, provokes urine and the menses. I confess this differs something
from _Galen_, but is better for our bodies in my opinion than his. It
expels wind exceedingly, you may take half a dram of the powder at a
time. There is nothing surer than that all their powders will keep
better in Electuaries than they will in powders, and into such a body,
you may make it with two pound and an half of white sugar dissolved in
rose water.

_Diacalamintha compound._

_College._] Take of Diacalamintha simple, half an ounce, the leaves
of Horehound, Marjoram, Bawm, Mugwort, Savin dried, of each a dram,
Cypress roots, the seeds of Maddir and Rue, Mace, Cinnamon, of each two
scruples, beat them and mix them diligently into a powder according to
art.

_Culpeper._] This seems to be more appropriated to the feminine gender
than the former, viz. to bring down the terms, to bring away the birth,
and after-birth, to purge them after labour, yet it is dangerous for
pregnant women.

_Dianisum._

_College._] Take of Annis seeds two ounces and an half, Liquorice,
Mastich, of each an ounce, the seeds of Caraway, Fennel, Galanga, Mace,
Ginger, Cinnamon, of each five drams, the three sorts of Pepper, Cassia
Lignea, mountain Calaminth, Pellitory of Spain, of each two drams,
Cardamoms the greater, Cloves, Cubebs, Indian Spikenard, Saffron, of
each a dram and an half, make them into powder.

_Culpeper._] It is chiefly appropriated to the stomach, and helps the
cold infirmities thereof, raw, flegm, wind, continual coughs, and
other such diseases coming of cold. You may safely take a dram of the
electuary at a time. You may make an electuary of it with its treble
weight of clarified Honey.

_Pulvis Radicum Ari compositus._
Or Powder of Aron Roots compound.

_College._] Take of Aron Roots two ounces, of common Water Flag, and
Burnet, of each one ounce, Crab’s eyes, half an ounce, Cinnamon three
drams, salt of Wormwood, and Juniper, of each one dram, make them into
powder.

_Culpeper._] And when you have done tell me what it is good for.

_Diaireos simple._

_College._] Take of Orris roots half an ounce, Sugar-candy,
Diatragacanthum frigidum, of each two drams, make them into powder.

_Culpeper._] I do not mean the Diatragacanthum frigidum, for that is
in powder before. It comforts the breast, is good in colds, coughs,
and hoarseness. You may mix it with any pectoral Syrups which are
appropriated to the same diseases, and so take it with a Liquorice
stick.

_Dialacca._

_College._] Take of Gum-lacca, prepared Rhubarb, Schænanth, of each
three drams, Indian Spikenard, Mastich, the juice of Wormwood and
Agrimony, made thick, the seeds of Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Ammi,
Savin, bitter Almonds, Myrrh, Costus, or Zedoary, the roots of Maddir,
Asarabacca, Birthwort long and round, Gentian, Saffron, Cinnamon, dried
Hyssop, Cassia Lignea, Bdellium, of each a dram and an half, black
Pepper, Ginger, of each a dram, make them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the stomach and liver, opens obstructions,
helps dropsies, yellow jaundice, provokes urine, breaks the stone in
the reins and bladder. Half a dram is a moderate dose, if the patient
be strong they may take a dram in white Wine. Let pregnant women
forbear it.

_Pulvis Cardiacus Magistralis._

_College._] Take of East Bezoar, bone of a Stag’s-heart, of each a
dram and an half, Magisterium, of white and red Coral, white Amber,
Magisterium of Pearl, Hart’s-horn, Ivory, Bole-amoniac, Earth of
Germany, Samos and Lemnos, Elk’s-claw, Tormentil roots, of each a dram,
Wood of Aloes, Citron peels, the roots of Angelica and Zedoary, of each
two scruples, leaves of Gold twenty, Ambergris one scruple, Musk six
grains, mix them and make them into powder.

_Culpeper._] It is too dear for a vulgar purse, yet a mighty cordial
and great strengthener of the heart and vitals in fevers.

_Diamargariton frigidum._

_College._] Take of the four greater cold seeds, the seeds of Purslain,
white Poppies, Endive, Sorrel, Citrons, the three Sanders, Wood of
Aloes, Ginger, red Roses exungulated, the flowers of Water-lilies,
Bugloss, Violets, the berries of Mirtles, bone in a Stag’s heart,
Ivory, Contra yerva, Cinnamon of each one dram, both sorts of Coral, of
each half a dram, Pearls three drams, Camphire six grains, make them
into powder according to art. Observe that the four greater cold seeds,
and the Poppy seeds, are not to be added before the powder be required
by physician for use. Do so by the other powder in the composition of
which these powders are used.

_Culpeper._] Authors hold it to be restorative in consumptions, to help
such as are in hectic fevers, to restore strength lost, to help coughs,
asthmaes, and consumptions of the lungs, and restore such as have
laboured long under languishing or pining diseases.

_Diamoschu Dulce._

_College._] Take of Saffron, Galanga, Zedoary, Wood of Aloes, Mace,
of each two drams, Pearls, raw Silk toasted, white Amber, red Coral
prepared, Gallia Moschata, Bazil, of each two drams and an half,
Ginger, Cubebs, Long Pepper, of each a dram and an half, Nutmegs,
Indian leaf or Cinnamon, Cloves, of each one dram, Musk two scruples,
make them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It wonderfully helps cold afflictions of the brain, that
come without a fever, melancholy and its attendants, viz. sadness
without a cause, vertigo or diziness in the head, falling-sickness,
palsies, resolution of the nerves, convulsions, heart-qualms,
afflictions of the lungs, and difficulty of breathing. The dose of the
powder is half a dram, or two scruples, or less; according to the age
or strength of him or her that takes it. _Mesue_ appoints it to be made
into an electuary with clarified honey, and of the electuary, two
drams is the dose: The time of taking it is, in the morning fasting.

_Diamoschu Amarum_

_College._] Is prepared by adding to the forenamed Wormwood, dried
Roses, of each three drams, Aloes half an ounce, Cinnamon two drams and
an half, Castorium and Lovage, of each one dram, make them into powder.

_Culpeper._] Besides the virtues of the former, it purges the stomach
of putrified humours.

_Specia Dianthus._

_College._] Take of Rosemary flowers an ounce, red Roses, Violets,
Liquorice, of each six drams, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, Nutmegs,
Galanga, Cinnamon, Ginger, Zedoary, Mace, Wood of Aloes, Cardamoms the
less, the seeds of Dill and Anis, of each four scruples, make them into
powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the heart and helps the passions thereof,
it causes a joyful and cheerful mind, and strengthens such as have been
weakened by long sickness, it strengthens cold stomachs, and helps
digestion notably. The dose is half a dram, you may make it into an
electuary with honey, and take two drams of that at a time.

_Diapendion._

_College._] Take of Penides two ounces, Pine-nuts, sweet Almonds
blanched, white Poppy seeds, of each three drams and a scruple,
(Cinnamon, Cloves, Ginger, which three being omitted, it is a
Diapendion without spices) juice of Liquorice, Gum Tragacanth and
Arabic, white Starch, the four greater cold seeds husked, of each a
dram and an half, Camphire seven grains, make them into powder.

_Culpeper._] It helps the vices of the breast, coughs, colds,
hoarseness, and consumptions of the lungs, as also such as spit matter.
You may mix it with any pectoral syrup, and take it with a Liquorice
stick, if you fancy the powder best, but if the electuary, you may
take a dram of it upon a knife’s point at any time when the cough comes.

_Diarrhodon Abbatis._

_College._] Take of Sanders white and red, of each two drams and an
half, Gum Tragacanth, Arabic, Ivory of each two scruples, Asarabacca
roots, Mastich, Indian Spikenard, Cardamoms, Liquorice, Saffron, Wood
of Aloes, Cloves, Gallia Moschata, Annis and sweet Fennel seeds,
Cinnamon, Rhubarb, Bazil seeds, Barberry seeds, the seeds of Succory,
Purslain, the four greater cold seeds cleansed, white Poppy seeds, of
each a scruple, Pearls, bone of a Stag’s-heart of each half a scruple,
red Roses exungulated, one ounce and three drams, Camphire seven
grains, make them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It cools the violent heat of the heart and stomach, as
also of the liver, lungs, and spleen, eases pains in the body, and
most infirmities coming to the body by reason of heat. The dose of the
powder is half a dram, and two ounces of the electuary, into which with
sugar dissolved in Rose-water you may make it.

_Diospoliticum._

_College._] Take of Cummin seeds steeped in vinegar and dried, long
Pepper, Rue leaves, of each an ounce, Nitre half an ounce, make them
into powder.

_Culpeper._] It is an admirable remedy for such whose meat is putrified
in their stomachs, it helps cold stomachs, cold belchings and windy.
You may take half a dram after meat, either in a spoonful of Muskadel,
or in a Syrup of Mirtles or Quinces, or any Cordial Water whose effects
is the same.

_Species Diatragacanthi frigidi._

_College._] Take of Gum Tragacanth two ounces, Gum Arabic an ounce
and two drams, white Starch half an ounce, Liquorice, the seeds of
Melons and white Poppies, of each three drams, the seeds of Citruls,
Cucumbers and Gourds, of each two drams, Penids three ounces, Camphire
half a scruple, make of them a powder according to art. Also you may
make an electuary of them with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of
Violets, but have a care of what was told you before of the seeds.

_Culpeper._] Make up into an electuary. It helps the faults of the
breast and lungs coming of heat and dryness, it helps consumptions,
leanness, inflammations of the sides, pleurises, &c. hot and dry
coughs, roughness of the tongue and jaws.

_Diatrion Piperion._

_College._] Take of the three sorts of Peppers, of each six drams and
fifteen grains, Annis seeds, Thyme, Ginger, of each one dram, beat them
into gross powder.

_Culpeper._] It heats the stomach and expels wind. Half a dram in
powder, or two drams in electuary (for so _Galen_ who was author of it,
appoints it to be made with clarified honey, a sufficient quantity) if
age and strength permit, if not, half so much, is a sufficient dose, to
be taken before meat, if to heat the stomach and help digestion; after
meat, if to expel wind.

_Diatrion Santalon._

_College._] Take of all the sorts of Sanders, red Roses, of each three
drams, Rhubarb, Ivory, Juice of Liquorice, Purslain seeds, of each two
drams and fifteen grains, white Starch, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, the
seeds of Melons, Cucumbers, Citruls, Gourds, Endive, of each a dram and
an half, Camphire a scruple, make them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is very profitable against the heat of the stomach and
liver, besides, it wonderfully helps such as have the yellow jaundice,
and consumptions of the lungs. You may safely take a dram of the
powder, or two drams of the electuary in the morning fasting, for most
of these powders will keep better by half in electuaries.

_Pulvis Haly._

_College._] Take of white Poppy seeds ten drams, white Starch, Gum
Arabic and Tragacanth, of each three drams, the seeds of Purslain,
Marsh-mallows, Mallows, of each five drams, Cucumbers, Melons, Gourds,
Citruls, Quinces of each seven drams, Ivory, Liquorice, of each three
drams, Penids the weight of them all, make them into powder according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a gallant cool powder, fit for all hot imperfections
of the breast and lungs, as consumptions, pleurisies, &c. Your best way
is to make it into a soft electuary with Syrups of Violets, and take it
as _Diatragacanthum frigidum_.

_Lætificans._

_College._] Take the flowers of Clove-bazil, or the seeds thereof,
Saffron, Zedoary, Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Citron pills, Galanga, Mace,
Nutmegs, Styrax Calamitis, of each two drams and an half, Ivory, Annis
seeds, Thyme, Epithimum, of each one dram, bone of a Stag’s heart,
Pearls, Camphire, of each half a dram, leaves of Gold and Silver, of
each half a scruple, make it into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] It causes a merry heart, a good colour, helps digestion,
and keeps back old age. You may mix half a dram of it to take at one
time, or less if you please, in any cordial Syrup, or cordial electuary
appropriated to the same uses.

_Pulvis Saxonicus._

_College._] Take of the roots of both sorts of Angelica, Swallow-wort,
garden Valerian, Polipodium of the Oak, Marsh-mallows, Nettles, of each
half an ounce, the bark of German Mezereon, two drams, twenty grains of
herb True-love, the leaves of the same, roots and all, thirty six, the
roots being steeped in vinegar and dried, beat it all into powder.

_Culpeper._] It seems to be as great an expeller of poison, and as
great a preservative against it, and the pestilence, as one shall
usually read of.

_Rosate Novelle._

_College._] Take of red Roses, Liquorice, of each one ounce, one dram,
two scruples and an half, Cinnamon two drams, two scruples, and two
grains, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, Ginger, Galanga, Nutmegs, Zedoary,
Styrax, Calamitis, Cardamoms, Parsley seeds, of each one scruple eight
grains, beat them into powder.

_Culpeper._] It quenches thirst, and stays vomiting, and the author
saith it helps hot and dry stomachs, as also heat and dryness of the
heart, liver, and lungs, (yet is the powder itself hot,) it strengthens
the vital spirits, takes away heart-qualms, it provokes sweat, and
strengthens such as have laboured under long chronical diseases. You
may take a dram of the electuary every morning, if with clarified Honey
you please to make it into such a body.

_Pulvus Thuraloes._

_College._] Take of Frankincense one dram, Aloes half a dram, beat them
into powder.

_Culpeper._] And when you have occasion to use it, mix so much of it
with the white of an egg, (beat the white of the egg well first) as
will make it of the thickness of Honey, then dip the wool of a Hare in
it, and apply it to the sore or part that bleeds, binding it on.

_Pulvis Hermidactylorum compositus._
Or Powder of Hermodactils compound.

_College._] Take of men’s bones burnt, Scammony, Hermodactils, Turbith,
Sena, Sugar, of each equal parts, beat them into powder.

_Pulvis Senæ compositus major._
Or Powder of Sena the greater composition.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Annis, Carraway, Fennel, Cummin,
Spikenard, Cinnamon, Galanga, of each half an ounce, Liquorice,
Gromwell, of each an ounce, Sena, the weight of them all, beat it into
powder.

_Culpeper._] That this receipt is gallantly composed none can deny, and
is an excellent purge for such whose bodies as are troubled with the
wind cholic, or stoppage either of guts or kidneys, two drams taken in
white Wine will work sufficiently with any ordinary body. Let weak men
and children take less, keeping within doors, and warm.

_Pulvis Senæ compositus minor._
Or Powder of Sena, the lesser composition.

_College._] Take of Sena two ounces, Cremor Tartar half an ounce, Mace
two scruples and an half, Ginger, Cinnamon, of each a dram and an half,
Salgem one dram, beat it into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] This powder purges melancholy, and cleanses the head.

_Diasenæ._

_College._] Take of Sena, Cremor Tartar, of each two ounces, Cloves,
Cinnamon, Galanga, Ammi, of each two drams, Diacridium half an ounce,
beat it into powder according to art.

_Diaturbith with Rhubarb._

_College._] Take of Turbith, Hermodactils, of each an ounce, Rhubarb
ten drams, Diacrydium half an ounce, Sanders red and white, Violets,
Ginger, of each a dram and an half, Mastich, Annis seeds, Cinnamon,
Saffron, of each half a dram, make it into powder.

_Culpeper._] This also purges flegm and choler. Once more let me desire
such as are unskilful in the rules of physic, not to meddle with purges
of this nature (unless prescribed by a skilful Physician) lest they do
themselves more mischief in half an hour, than they can remove in half
a year.

_The lesser cordial Powder._ Fernelius.

_College._] Take of Hart’s-horn, Unicorn’s horn, Pearls, Ivory, of each
six grains, beat them into fine powder. If you mean to keep it, you may
encrease the quantity analogically.

_The greater cordial Powder._ Fern.

_College._] Take of the roots of Tormentil, Dittany,
Clove-gilliflowers, Scabious, the seed of Sorrel, Coriander prepared,
Citron, Carduus Benedictus, Endive, Rue, of each one dram, of the three
sorts of Sanders, (white, red, and yellow,) Been, white and red (or if
you cannot get them, take the roots of Avens and Tormentil, in their
stead) Roman Doronicum, (a kind of wolf-bane) Cinnamon, Cardamoms,
Saffron, the flowers of both sorts of Bugloss, (viz. Borrage and
Bugloss,) red Roses, and Water-Lilies, Wood of Aloes, Mace, of each two
scruples, Ivory, Spodium, bone of a Stag’s-heart, red Coral, Pearls,
Emerald, Jacinth, Granite of each one scruple, raw Silk torrified,
(dried or roasted by the fire,) Bole-amoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each
half a dram, Camphire, Ambergris, Musk, of each six grains, beat them
into powder according to art, and with eight times their weight in
white sugar, dissolved in Rose-water, you may make them into Lozenges,
if you please.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former powder, are appropriated to the
heart, (as the title shew) therefore they do strengthen that, and the
vital spirit, and relieve languishing nature. All these are cordial
Powders, and seldom above half a dram of them given at a time.

_A Powder for such as are bruised by a fall._
The Augustan Physicians.

_College._] Take of Terra sigillata, Sanguis Draconis, Mummy of each
two drams, Spermaceti one dram, beat them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] You must beat the rest into powder, and then add the
Spermaceti to them afterwards, for if you put the Spermaceti and the
rest all together and go to beat them in that fashion, you may as soon
beat the mortar into powder, as the simples. Indeed your best way
is to beat them severally, and then mix them altogether, which being
done, makes you a gallant medicine for the infirmities specified in the
title, a dram of it taken in Muskadel and sweating after it.

_Species Electuarii Dyacymini._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of Cummin seeds infused a natural day in Vinegar, one
ounce and one scruple, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two drams and an half,
Galanga, Savory, Calaminth, of each one dram and two scruples, Ginger,
black Pepper, of each two drams and five grains, the seeds of Lovage,
and Ammi, (Bishop’s-weed,) of each one dram and eighteen grains, long
Pepper one dram, Spikenard, Nutmegs, Cardamoms, of each two scruples
and an half, beat them and keep them diligently in powder for your use.

_Culpeper._] It heats the stomach and bowels, expels wind exceedingly,
helps the wind cholic, helps digestion hindered by cold or wind, is an
admirable remedy for wind in the bowels, and helps quartan agues. The
powder is very hot, half a dram is enough to take at one time, and too
much if the patient be feverish, you may take it in white Wine. It is
in my opinion a fine composed powder.

_Species Electuarii Diagalangæ._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Galanga, wood of Aloes, of each six drams, Cloves,
Mace, seeds of Lovage of each two drams, Ginger, long and white Pepper,
Cinnamon, Calamus Aromaticus of each a dram and an half, Calaminth,
and Mints dried, Cardamoms the greater, Indian Spikenard, the seeds
of Smallage, Annis, Fennel, Caraway, of each one dram, beat them into
powder according to art. Also it may be made into an electuary with
white sugar dissolved in Malaga wine, or twelve times the weight of it
of clarified Honey.

_Culpeper._] _Mesue_ quotes it only as an electuary, which he saith
prevails against wind, sour belchings, and indigestion, gross humours
and cold afflictions of the stomach and liver. You may take half a
dram of the powder at a time, or two of the electuary in the morning
fasting, or an hour before meat. It helps digestion exceedingly, expels
wind, and heats a cold stomach.

_Species Electuarii Diamargariton Calidi._
Avicenna.

_College._] Take of Pearls and Pellitory of the Wall, of each one dram,
Ginger, Mastich, of each half an ounce, Doronicum, Zedoary, Smallage
seeds, both sorts of Cardamoms, Nutmegs, Mace, of each two drams, Been
of both sorts, (if they cannot be procured take the roots of Avens and
Tormentil) black and long Pepper of each three drams, beat them into
powder and keep them for your use.

_Culpeper._] This (quoth _Avicenna_) is appropriated to women, and in
them to diseases incident to their matrix; but his reasons I know not.
It is cordial and heats the stomach.

_Lithontribon_ Nicholaus, according to Fernelius.

_College._] Take of Spikenard, Ginger, Cinnamon, black Pepper,
Cardamoms, Cloves, Mace, of each half a dram, Costus, Liquorice,
Cypress, Tragacanth, Germander, of each two scruples, the seeds of
Bishop’s-weed, (Ammi,) Smallage, Sparagus, Bazil, Nettles, Citrons,
Saxifrage, Burnet, Caraway, Carrots, Fennel, Bruscus, Parsley of
Macedonia, Burs, Seseli, (or Hartwort,) Asarabacca, of each one dram,
Lapis Spongiæ, Lyncis, Cancri, Judaici, of each one dram and an half,
Goat’s blood prepared an ounce and half, beat them all into powder
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It heats the stomach, and helps want of digestion coming
through cold, it eases pains in the belly and loins, the Illiac
passion, powerfully breaks the stone in the reins and bladder, it
speedily helps the cholic, stranguary, and disury. The dose is from
a dram to half a dram, take it either in white Wine, or decoction of
herbs tending to the same purposes.

_Pleres Arconticon._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, Galanga, Wood of Aloes, Indian
Spikenard, Nutmegs, Ginger, Spodium, Schœnanthus, Cypress, Roses,
Violets of each one dram, Indian Leaf or Mace, Liquorice, Mastich,
Styrax Calamitis, Marjoram, Costmary, or Water-mints, Bazil, Cardamoms,
long and white Pepper, Myrtle berries, and Citron pills, of each half
a dram and six grains, Pearls, Been white and red, (or, if they be
wanting, take the roots of Avens and Tormentil in their stead) red
Coral, torrified Silk, of each eighteen grains, Musk six grains,
Camphire four grains, beat them into powder according to art, and with
ten times their weight in sugar dissolved in Bawm water, you may make
them into an electuary.

_Culpeper._] It is exceedingly good for sad, melancholy, lumpish,
pensive, grieving, vexing, pining, sighing, sobbing, fearful, careful
spirits, it strengthens weak stomachs exceedingly, and help such as
are prone to faintings and swoonings, it strengthens such as are
weakened by violence of sickness, it helps bad memories, quickens
all the senses, strengthens the brain and animal spirits, helps the
falling-sickness, and succours such as are troubled with asthmas, or
other cold afflictions of the lungs. It will keep best in an electuary,
of which you may take a dram in the morning, or more, as age and
strength requires.

_A Preservative Powder against the Pestilence._
Montagnam.

_College._] Take of all the Sanders, (white, red, and yellow,) the
seeds of Bazil, of each an ounce and an half, Bole Amoniac, Cinnamon,
of each an ounce, the roots of Dittany, Gentian, and Tormentil, of each
two drams and an half, the seeds of Citron and Sorrel, of each two
drams, Pearls, Saphire, bone of a Stag’s heart, of each one dram, beat
them into powder according to art.

_Culpeper._] The title tells you the virtue of it, besides, it cheers
the vital spirits, and strengthens the heart. You may take half a dram
every morning either by itself, or mixed with any other convenient
composition, whether Syrup or Electuary.

_Diaturbith the greater, without Rhubarb._

_College._] Take of the best Turbith an ounce, Diagridium, Ginger, of
each half an ounce, Cinnamon, Cloves, of each two drams, Galanga, long
Pepper, Mace, of each one dram, beat them into powder, and with eight
ounces and five drams of white sugar dissolved in Succory Water, it may
be made into an electuary.

_Culpeper._] It purges flegm, being rightly administered by a skilful
hand. I fancy it not.

_A Powder for the Worms._

_College._] Take of Wormseed, four ounces, Sena, one ounce, Coriander
seeds prepared, Hart’s-horn, of each half a dram, Rhubarb half an
ounce, dried Rue, two drams, beat them into powder.

_Culpeper._] I like this powder very well, the quantity (or to write
more scholastically, the dose) must be regulated according to the age
of the patient, even from ten grains to a dram, and the manner of
taking it by their palate. It is something purging.


ELECTUARIES.

_Antidotus Analeptica._

_College._] Take of red Roses, Liquorice of each two drams and five
grains, Gum Arabic and Tragacanth, of each two drams and two scruples,
Sanders white and red, each four scruples, juice of Liquorice, white
Starch, the seeds of white Poppies, Purslain, Lettuce, and Endive, of
each three drams, the four greater cold seeds husked, of Quinces,
Mallows, Cotton, Violets, Pine-nuts, fistic Nuts, sweet Almonds, pulp
of Sebestens, of each two drams, Cloves, Spodium, Cinnamon, of each one
dram, Saffron five grains, Penids half an ounce, being beaten, make
them all into a soft electuary with three times their weight in Syrup
of Violets.

_Culpeper._] It restores consumptions, and hectic fevers, lost
strength, it nourishes much, and restores radical moisture, opens the
pores, resists choler, takes away coughs, quenches thirst, and resists
fevers. You may take an ounce in a day, by a dram at a time, if you
please.

_Confectio Alkermes._

_College._] Take of the juice of Apples, Damask Rose-water, of each
a pound and an half, in which infuse for twenty-four hours, raw Silk
four ounces, strain it strongly, and add Syrup of the berries of
Cherms brought over to us, two pounds, Sugar one pound, boil it to the
thickness of Honey; then removing it from the fire whilst it is warm,
add Ambergris cut small, half an ounce, which being well mingled,
put in these things following in powder, Cinnamon, Wood of Aloes, of
each six drams, Pearls prepared, two drams, Leaf-Gold a dram, Musk a
scruple, make it up according to art.

_Culpeper._] Questionless this is a great cordial, and a mighty
strengthener of the heart, and vital spirits, a restorer of such as
are in consumptions, a resister of pestilences and poison, a relief
to languishing nature, it is given with good success in fevers, but
give not too much of it at a time, lest it prove too hot for the body,
and too heavy for the purse. You may mix ten grains of it with other
convenient cordials to children, twenty or thirty to men.

_Electuarium e Sassaphras._

_College._] Take of Sassafras two ounces, common Water three pounds,
boil it to the consumption of the third part, adding, towards the
end, Cinnamon bruised half an ounce, strain it, and with two pounds
of white sugar, boil it to the thickness of a Syrup, putting in, in
powder, Cinnamon, a dram, Nutmegs, half a scruple, Musk three grains,
Ambergris, two and thirty grains, ten leaves of Gold, Spirit of Vitriol
four drops, and so make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It opens obstruction of the liver and spleen, helps cold
rheums or defluxions from the head to the lungs, or teeth, or eyes, it
is excellent in coughs, and other cold afflictions of the lungs and
breast, it helps digestion, expels wind and the gravel of the kidneys,
it provokes the menses, warms and dries up the moisture of the womb,
which is many times the cause of barrenness, and is generally a helper
of all diseases coming of cold, raw thin humours, you may take half a
dram at a time in the morning.

_Electuarium de Baccis Lauri._
Or Electuary of Bay-berries.

_College._] Take of the leaves of dried Rue ten drams, the seeds of
Ammi, Cummin, Lovage, Origanum, Nigella, Caraway, Carrots, Parsley,
bitter Almonds, Pepper black and long, wild Mints, Calamus Aromaticus,
Bay-berries, Castorium of each two drams, Sagapenum half an ounce,
Opopanax three drams, clarified Honey a pound and an half, the things
to be beaten; being beaten, and the Gums dissolved in Wine, make it
into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good either in the cholic, or Iliac
passion, or any other disease of the bowels coming of cold or wind, it
generally eases pains in the bowels. You may give a dram in the morning
fasting, or half an ounce in a clyster, according as the disease is.

_Diacapparit._

_College._] Take of Capers four ounces Agrimony Roots, Nigella seeds,
Squils, Asarabacca, Centaury, black Pepper, Smallage, Thyme of each
an ounce, Honey three times their weight, make it into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] They say it helps infirmities of the spleen, and indeed
the name seems to promise so much, it may be good for cold bodies, if
they have strength of nature in them.

_Diacinnamomum._

_College._] Take of Cinnamon fifteen drams, Cassia Lignea, Elecampane
roots, of each half an ounce, Galanga, seven drams, Cloves, long
Pepper, both sorts of Cardamoms, Ginger, Mace, Nutmegs, Wood of Aloes,
of each three drams, Saffron, one dram, Sugar five drams, Musk two
scruples, adding according to the prescript of the Physician, and by
adding three pounds eight ounces of clarified Honey, boil it and make
it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] _Diacinnamomum_, or in plain English, _A composition of
Cinnamon_, heats the stomach, causes digestion, provokes the menses,
strengthens the stomach and other parts that distribute the nourishment
of the body, a dram of it taken in the morning fasting, is good for
ancient people and cold bodies, such as are subject to dropsies and
diseases of flegm, or wind, for it comforts and strengthens nature
much. If you take it to help digestion, take it an hour before meat, do
so in all things of like quality.

_Diacorallion._

_College._] Take of Coral white and red, Bole-amoniac, Dragon’s-blood,
of each one dram, Pearls half a dram, Wood of Aloes, red Roses, Gum
Tragacanth, Cinnamon, of each two scruples, Sanders white and red, of
each one scruple, with four times its weight in sugar dissolved in
small Cinnamon Water, make it into an electuary, according to art.

_Culpeper._] It comforts and strengthens the heart exceedingly, and
restores such as are in consumptions, it is cooling, therefore good in
hectic fevers, very binding, and therefore stops fluxes, neither do
I know a better medicine in all the dispensatory for such as have a
consumption accompanied with looseness. It stops the menses and Fluor
Albus. Take but a dram at a time every morning, because of its binding
quality, except you have a looseness, for then you may take so much two
or three times a day.

_Diacorum._

_College._] Take of the roots of Cicers, Acorus, or Calamus Aromaticus,
Pine-nuts, of each a pound and a half, let the Cicers roots, being
cleansed, cut, boiled, and pulped, be added to ten pounds of clarified
honey, and boiled, (stirring it) to its just thickness, then being
removed from the fire, add the Acorus roots beaten, the Pine-nuts cut,
and these following in powder. Take of black Pepper an ounce, long
Pepper, Cloves, Ginger, Mace, of each half an ounce, Nutmegs, Galanga,
Cardamons, of each three drams, mix them with the roots and Honey into
an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] The electuary provokes lust, heats the brain, strengthens
the nerves, quickens the senses, causes an acute wit, eases pains in
the head, helps the falling-sickness and convulsions, coughs, catharrs,
and all diseases proceeding from coldness of the brain. Half a dram is
enough to take at one time, because of its heat.

_Peony_ is an herb of the _sun_, the roots of it cure the
falling-sickness.

_Diacydonium simple._

_College._] Take of the flesh of Quinces cut and boiled in fair water
to a thickness, eight pounds, white sugar six pounds, boil it to its
just thickness.

_Diacydonium with Species._

_College._] Take of the juice of Quinces, Sugar, of each two pounds,
white Wine Vinegar half a pound, added at the end of the decoction, it
being gently boiled, and the scum taken away, add Ginger two ounces,
white Pepper ten drams and two scruples, bruise them grossly, and boil
it again to the thickness of Honey.

_Diacydonium compound, Magisterial._

_College._] Take of white Sugar six pounds, Spring Water four pounds,
clarify them well with the white of an egg, scumming them, then take
of ripe Quinces cleansed from the rind and seeds, and cut in four
quarters, eight pounds, boil them in the foregoing Syrup till they be
tender, then strain the Syrup through a linen cloth, _vocata Anglice_,
Boulter; boil them again to a jelly, adding four ounces of white wine
Vinegar towards the end; remove it from the fire, and whilst it is
warm put in these following species in powder, Ginger an ounce, white
Pepper, Cinnamon, Nutmegs, of each two drams, keep it for use.

_Culpeper._] The virtues of all these three are, they comfort the
stomach, help digestion, stays vomiting, belchings, &c. stop fluxes
and the menses. They are all harmless, you may take the quantity of a
nutmeg of them at a time, before meat to help digestion and fluxes,
after meat to stay vomiting, in the morning for the rest.

_Confectio de Hyacintho._

_College._] Take of Jacinth, red Coral, Bole-amoniac, Earth of Lemnos,
of each half an ounce, the berries of Chermes, the Roots of Tormentil
and Dittany, the seeds of Citrons, Sorrel, and Purslain, Saffron,
Myrrh, red Roses exungulated, all the sorts of Sanders, bone of a
Stag’s heart, Hart’s-horn, Ivory prepared, of each four scruples,
Samphire, Emerald, Topaz, Pearls, raw Silk, leaves of Gold and Silver,
of each two scruples, Camphire, Musk, Ambergris, of each five grains,
with Syrup of Lemons make it into a confection according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a great cordial and cool, exceeding good in acute
fevers and pestilences, it mightily strengthens and cherishes the
heart. Never above half a dram is given at a time, very seldom so
much.

_Antidotum Hæmagogum._

_College._] Take of Lupines husked two drams, black Pepper five
scruples and six grains, Liquorice four scruples, long Birthwort,
Mugwort, Cassia Lignea, Macedonian Parsley seed, Pellitory of Spain,
Rue seed, Spikenard, Myrrh, Pennyroyal, of each two scruples and
fourteen grains, the seeds of Smallage, Savin, of each two scruples
and thirteen grains, Centaury the greater, Cretish Carrots, Nigella,
Caraway, Annis, Cloves, Alum, of each two scruples, Bay leaves one
scruple, one half scruple, and three grains, Schænanth one scruple
and thirteen grains, Asarabacca, Calamus Aromaticus, Amomum, Centaury
the less, the seed of Orrach, Peony, Fennel, of each one scruple and
six grains, wood of Aloes, a scruple and fourteen grains, Cypress,
Elecampane, Ginger, Cappar roots, Cummin, Orobus, of each one scruple,
all of them being beaten into very fine powder, let them be made into
an electuary according to art, with four times their weight in sugar,
let it stand one month before you use it.

_Culpeper._] It provokes the menses, brings away both birth and
after-birth, the dead child, purges such as are not sufficiently purged
after travail, it provokes urine, breaks the stone in the bladder,
helps the stranguary, disury, iskury, &c. helps indigestion, the
cholic, opens any stoppings in the body, it heats the stomach, purges
the liver and spleen, consumes wind, stays vomiting, but let it not be
taken by pregnant women, nor such people as have the hemorrhoids. The
dose is from one dram to two drams.

_Diasatyrion._

_College._] Take of Satyrion roots three ounces, Dates, bitter Almonds,
Indian Nuts, Pine nuts, Festick nuts, green Ginger, Eringo roots
preserved, of each one ounce, Ginger, Cloves, Galanga, Pepper long and
black, of each three drams, Ambergris one scruple. Musk two scruples,
Penins four ounces, Cinnamon, Saffron, of each half an ounce, Malaga
Wine three ounces, Nutmegs, Mace, Grains of Paradise, of each two
drams, Ash-tree keys, the belly and loins of Scinks, Borax, Benjamin,
of each three drams, wood of Aloes, Cardamoms, of each two drams, the
seeds of Nettles and Onions, the roots of Avens, of each a dram and an
half, with two pounds and an half of Syrup of green Ginger, make them
into an electuary according to art.

_Electuarium Diaspermaton._

_College._] Take of the four greater and lesser cold seeds, the seeds
of Asparagus, Burnet, Bazil, Parsley, Winter Cherries, of each two
drams, Gromwell, Juice of Liquorice, of each three drams, Cinnamon,
Mace, of each one dram, with eight times their weight in white Sugar
dissolved in Marsh-mallows water, make it into an electuary according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It breaks the stone, and provokes urine. Men may take half
an ounce at a time, and children half so much, in water of any herb or
roots, &c. (or decoction of them) that break the stone.

_Micleta._

_College._] Take of the barks of all the Myrobalans torrified, of each
two drams and an half, the seeds of Water-cresses, Cummin, Annis,
Fennel, Ammi, Caraway, of each a dram and an half, bruise the seeds
and sprinkle them with sharp white wine Vinegar, then beat them into
powder, and add the Mirobalans, and these things that follow, Spodium,
Balaustines, Sumach, Mastich, Gum Arabic, of each one dram and fifteen
grains, mix them together, and with ten ounces of Syrup of Myrtles,
make them into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It gently eases the bowels of the wind cholic, wringing
of the bowels, infirmities of the spleen, it stops fluxes, the
hemorrhoids, as also the menses.

_Electuarium Pectorale._
Or a Pectoral Electuary.

_College._] Take of the juice of Liquorice, sweet Almonds, Hazel-Nuts,
of each half an ounce, Pine-nuts an ounce, Hysop, Maidenhair, Orris,
Nettle seeds, round Birthwort, of each a dram and an half, black
Pepper, the seeds of Water-cresses, the roots of Elecampane, of each
half a dram, Honey fourteen ounces, make them into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the stomach and lungs, and helps the vices
thereof. Take it with a Liquorice stick.

_Theriaca Diatessaron._

_College._] Take of Gentain, Bay-berries, Myrrh, round Birthwort,
of each two ounces, Honey two pounds, make them into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] This is a gallant electuary. It wonderfully helps cold
infirmities of the brain, as convulsions, falling-sickness, dead
palsies, shaking palsies, &c. As also the stomach, as pains there,
wind, want of digestion, as also stoppings of the liver, dropsies, it
resists the pestilence and poison, and helps the bitings of venomous
beasts. The dose is from half a dram to two drams, according to the age
and strength of the patient, as also the strength of the diseases: you
may take it either in the morning, or when urgent occasion calls for it.

_Diascordium._

_College._] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia Lignea, of each half an ounce,
Scordium, an ounce, Dittany of Crete, Tormentil, Bistort, Galbanum, Gum
Arabic, of each half an ounce, Opium one dram and an half, Sorrel seeds
one dram and a half, Gentain half an ounce, Bole-amoniac an ounce and
an half, Earth of Lemnos half an ounce, long Pepper, Ginger, of each
two drams, clarified Honey two pounds and an half, Sugar of Roses one
pound, Canary Wine ten ounces, make them into an electuary according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It is a well composed electuary, something appropriated to
the nature of women, for it provokes the menses, hastens labour, helps
their usual sickness at the time of their lying in; I know nothing
better, it stops fluxes, mightily strengthens the heart and stomach,
neither is it so hot but it may safely be given to weak people, and
besides provokes sleep. It may safely be given to young children ten
grains at a time, ancient people may take a dram or more. It is given
as an excellent cordial in such fevers as are accompanied with want of
sleep.

_Mithridate._

_College._] Take of Myrrh, Saffron, Agarick, Ginger, Cinnamon,
Spikenard, Frankincense, Treacle, Mustard seeds, of each ten drams,
the seeds of Hartwort, Opobalsamum, or oil of Nutmegs by expression,
Schenanth, Stœchas, Costus, Galbanum, Turpentine, long Pepper,
Castorium, juice of Hypocistis, Styrax, Calamitis, Opopanax, Indian
leaf, or for want of it Mace, of each an ounce, Cassia Lignea, Poley
Mountain, white Pepper, Scordium, the seeds of Carrots of Crete,
Carpobalsamum or Cubebs, Troch, Cypheos, Bdelium, of each seven
drams, Celtic Spikenard, Gum Arabic, Macedonian Parsley seeds, Opium,
Cardamoms the less, Fennel seed, Gentian, red Rose leaves, Dittany
of Crete, of each five drams, Annis seeds, Asarabacca, Orris Acorus,
the greater Valerian, Sagapen, of each three drams, Meum Acacia, the
bellies of Scinks, the tops of St. John’s Wort, of each two drams and
an half, Malaga Wine, so much as is sufficient to dissolve the juices
and gums, clarified Honey the treble weight of all, the wine excepted,
make them into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is good against poison and such as have done themselves
wrong by taking filthy medicines, it provokes sweat, it helps continual
waterings of the stomach, ulcers in the body, consumptions, weakness
of the limbs, rids the body of cold humours, and diseases coming of
cold, it remedies cold infirmities of the brain, and stopping of the
passage of the senses, (viz. hearing, seeing, smelling, &c.) by cold,
it expels wind, helps the cholic, provokes appetite to one’s victuals,
it helps ulcers in the bladder, if _Galen_ say true, as also difficulty
of urine, it casts out the dead child, and helps such women as cannot
conceive by reason of cold, it is an admirable remedy for melancholy,
and all diseases of the body coming through cold, it would fill a
whole sheet of paper to reckon them all up particularly. You may take
a scruple or half a dram in the morning, and follow your business, two
drams will make you sweat, yea one dram if your body be weak, for then
two drams may be dangerous because of its heat.

_Phylomum Persicum._

_College._] Take of white Pepper, the seeds of white Henbane, of each
two drams, Opium, Earth of Lemnos, of each ten drams, Lap, Hematitus,
Saffron, of each five drams, Castorium, Indian Spikenard, Euphorbium
prepared, Pellitory of Spain, Pearls, Amber, Zedoary, Elecampane,
Troch, Ramach, of each a dram, Camphire a scruple, with their treble
weight in Honey of Roses, make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It stops blood flowing from any part of the body, the
immoderate flowing of the menses, the hemorrhoids in men, spitting of
blood, bloody fluxes, and is profitable for such women as are subject
to miscarry: See the next receipt.

_Phylonium Romanum._

_College._] Take of white Pepper, white Henbane seeds, of each five
drams, Opium two drams and an half, Cassia Lignea a dram and an half,
the seeds of Smallage a dram, Parsley of Macedonia, Fennel, Carrots of
Crete, of each two scruples and five grains, Saffron a scruple and an
half, Indian Spikenard, Pellitory of Spain, Zedoary fifteen grains,
Cinnamon a dram and an half, Euphorbium prepared, Myrrh, Castorium, of
each a dram with their treble weight in clarified Honey, make it into
an electuary.

_Electuarium de Ovo._
Or electuary of Eggs.

_College._] Take a Hen’s Egg new laid, and the white being taken out
by a small hole, fill up the void place with Saffron, leaving the yolk
in, then the hole being stopped, roast it in ashes till the shell begin
to look black, take diligent heed the Saffron burn not, for then is
the whole medicine spoiled, then the matter being taken out dry, if
so that it may be beaten into powder and add to it as much powder of
white Mustard seed as it weighs. Then take the roots of white Dittany
and Tormentil, of each two drams, Myrrh, Hart’s-horn, Petasitis roots,
of each one dram, the roots of Angelica and Burnet, Juniper Berries,
Zedoary, Camphire of each half an ounce, mix them all together in a
mortar, then add Venice Treacle the weight of them all, stir them about
with a pestle three hours together, putting in so much Syrup of Lemons,
as is enough to make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] A dram of it given at a time, is as great a help in a
pestilential fever as a man shall usually read of in a Galenist. It
provokes sweat, and then you shall be taught how to use yourself. If
years do not permit, give not so much.

_Theriaca Andromachi._
Or Venice Treacle.

_College._] Take of Troches of Squils forty-eight drams, Troches of
Vipers, long Pepper, Opium of Thebes, Magma, Hedycroi dried, of each
twenty-four drams, red Roses exungulated, Orris, Illirick, juice of
Liquorice, the seeds of sweet Navew, Scordium, Opobalsamum, Cinnamon,
Agerick, of each twelve drams, Myrrh, Costus, or Zedoary, Saffron,
Cassia Lignea, Indian Spikenard, Schenanth, Pepper white and black,
Olibanum, Dittany of Crete, Rhapontic, Stœchas, Horehound, Macedonian
Parsley seed, Calaminth, Cypress, Turpentine, the roots of Cinquefoyl
and Ginger, of each six drams, Poley Mountain, Chamepitis, Celtic
Spikenard, Amomus, Styrax Calamitis, the roots of Meum, the tops
of Germander, the roots of Rhapontic, Earth of Lemnos, Indian Leaf,
Chalcitis burnt, or instead thereof Roman Vitriol burnt, Gentian
roots, Gum Arabic, the juice of Hypositis, Carpobalsamum or Nutmegs,
or Cubebs, the seeds of Annis, Cardamoms, Fennel, Hartwort, Acacia, or
instead thereof the juice of Sloes made thick, the seeds of Treacle
Mustard, and Ammi, the tops of St. John’s Wort, Sagapen, of each four
drams, Castorium, the roots of long Birth-wort, Bitumen, Judaicum,
Carrot seed, Opopanax, Centaury the less, Galbanum, of each two drams,
Canary Wine enough to dissolve what is to be dissolved, Honey the
treble weight of the dry species, make them into an Electuary according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It resists poison, and the bitings of venomous beasts,
inveterate head-aches, vertigo, deafness, the falling-sickness,
astonishment, apoplexies, dulness of sight, want of voice, asthmaes,
old and new coughs, such as spit or vomit blood, such as can hardly
spit or breathe, coldness of the stomach, wind, the cholic, and illiac
passion, the yellow jaundice, hardness of the spleen, stone in the
reins and bladder, difficulty of urine, ulcers in the bladder, fevers,
dropsies, leprosies, it provokes the menses, brings forth birth and
after-birth, helps pains in the joints, it helps not only the body,
but also the mind, as vain fears, melancholy, &c. and is a good remedy
in pestilential fevers. You may take half a dram and go about your
business, and it will do you good if you have occasion to go in ill
airs, or in pestilent times, if you shall sweat under it, as your best
way is, if your body be not in health, then take one dram, or between
one and two, or less than one, according as age and strength is, if
you cannot take this or any other sweating medicine by itself, mix it
with a little Carduus or Dragon’s water, or Angelica water, which in my
opinion is the best of the three.

_Theriacca Londinensis._
Or London Treacle.

_College._] Take of Hart’s-horn two ounces, the seeds of Citrons,
Sorrel, Peony, Bazil, of each one ounce, Scordium, Coral-liana, of
each six drams, the roots of Angelica, Tormentil, Peony, the leaves
of Dittany, Bay-berries, Juniper-berries, of each half an ounce,
the flowers of Rosemary, Marigolds, Clove Gilliflowers, the tops of
Saint John’s Wort, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each three drams, the Roots
of Gentian, Zedoary, Ginger, Mace, Myrrh, the leaves of Scabious,
Devil’s-bit, Carduus, of each two drams, Cloves, Opium, of each a dram,
Malaga Wine as much as is sufficient, with their treble weight in
Honey, mix them according to art.

_Culpeper._] The receipt is a pretty cordial, resists the pestilence,
and is a good antidote in pestilential times, it resists poison,
strengthens cold stomachs, helps digestion, crudities of the stomach. A
man may safely take two drams of it in a morning, and let him fear no
harm.

_Diacrocuma._

_College._] Take of Saffron, Asarabacca roots, the seeds of Parsley,
Carrots, Annis, Smallage, of each half an ounce, Rhubarb, the roots
of Meum, Indian Spikenard, of each six drams, Cassia Lignea, Costus,
Myrrh, Schenanth, Cubebs, Madder roots, the juices of Maudlin, and
Wormwood made thick, Opobalsamum, or oil of Nutmegs, of each two drams,
Cinnamon, Calamus Aromaticus, of each a dram and an half, Scordium,
Cetrach, juice of Liquorice, of each two drams and an half, Tragacanth
a dram, with eight times their weight in white sugar, dissolved in
Endive water, and clarified, make it into an electuary according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good against cold diseases of the stomach,
liver, or spleen, corruption of humours and putrefaction of meat in the
stomach, ill favoured colour of the body, dropsies, cold faults in the
reins and bladder, provokes urine. Take a dram in the morning.


PURGING ELECTUARIES.

_Benedicta Laxativa._

_College._] Take of choice Turbith ten drams, Diacridium, bark of
Spurge Roots prepared, Hermodactils, Red Roses, of each five drams,
Cloves, Spikenard, Ginger, Saffron, long Pepper, Amomus, or for want
of it Calamus Aromaticus, Cardamoms the less, the seeds of Smallage,
Parsley, Fennel, Asparagus, Bruscus, Saxifrage, Gromwell, Caraway,
sal. gem. Galanga, Mace, of each a dram, with their treble weight of
clarified Honey: make them into an electuary according to art. Also you
may keep the species itself in your shops.

_Culpeper._] It purges flegm, chiefly from the joints, also it purges
the reins and bladder.

_Caryocostinum._

_College._] Take of Cloves, Costus, or Zedoary, Ginger, Cummin, of
each two drams, Hermodactils, Diacridium, of each half an ounce: with
their double weight of Honey clarified in white wine, make them into an
electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] Authors say it purges hot rheums, and takes away
inflammations in wounds, I assure you the electuary works violently,
and may safely be given in clysters, and so you may give two or three
drams at a time, if the patient be strong. For taken otherwise it would
kill a horse _cum privilegio_.

_Cassia Extracta pro Clysteribus._
Or Cassia extracted for Clysters.

_College._] Take of the leaves of Violets, Mallows, Beets, Mercury,
Pellitory of the Wall, Violet flowers, of each a handful, boil them in
a sufficient quantity of water, the benefit of which let the Cassia be
extracted, and the canes washed; then take of this Cassia so drawn, and
boil it to its consistence, a pound, Sugar a pound and a half, boil
them to the form of an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] You may take it in white Wine, it is good for gentle
bodies, for if your body be hard to work upon, perhaps it will not
work at all; it purges the reins gallantly, and cools them, thereby
preventing the stone, and other diseases caused by their heat.

_Electuarium Amarum Magistrale majus._
Or the greater bitter Electuary.

_College._] Take of Agarick, Turbith, Species Hiera Simplex, Rhubarb,
of each one dram, choice Aloes unwashed two drams, Ginger, Crystal of
Tartar, of each two scruples, Orris, Florentine, sweet Fennel seeds,
of each a scruple, Syrup of Roses solutive as much as is sufficient to
make it into an electuary according to art.

_Electuarium Amarum minus._
Or the lesser bitter Electuary.

_College._] Take of Epithimum half an ounce, the roots of Angelica
three drams, of Gentian, Zedoary, Acorus, of each two drams, Cinnamon
one dram and an half, Cloves, Mace, Nutmegs, Saffron, of each one dram,
Aloes six ounces, with Syrup of Fumitory, Scabious and Sugar so much as
is sufficient to make it into a soft electuary.

_Culpeper._] Both these purge choler, the former flegm, and this
melancholy, the former works strongest, and this strengthens most, and
is good for such whose brains are annoyed. You may take half an ounce
of the former, if your body be any thing strong, in white Wine, if very
strong an ounce, a reasonable body may take an ounce of the latter,
the weak less. I would not have the unskilful too busy about purges
without advice of a physician.

_Diacassia with Manna._

_College._] Take of Damask Prunes two ounces, Violet flowers a handful
and an half, Spring Water a pound and an half, boil it according to art
till half be consumed, strain it, and dissolve in the decoction six
ounces of Cassia newly drawn, sugar of Violets, Syrup of Violets, of
each four ounces, Pulp of Tamarinds an ounce, Sugar Candy an ounce and
an half, Manna two ounces, mix them, and make them into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cool purge for such as are bound in the body,
for it works gently, and without trouble, it purges choler, and may
safely be given in fevers coming of choler: but in such cases, if the
body be much bound, the best way is first to administer a clyster, and
then the next morning an ounce of this will cool the body, and keep it
in due temper.

_Cassia extracta sine soliis Senæ._
Or Cassia extracted without the leaves of
Sena.

_College._] Take twelve Prunes, Violet flowers a handful, French
Barley, the seed of Annis, and bastard Saffron, Polypodium of the Oak,
of each five drams, Maiden-hair, Thyme, Epithimum, of each half a
handful, Raisins of the Sun stoned half an ounce, sweet Fennel seeds
two drams, the seeds of Purslain, and Mallows, of each three drams,
Liquorice half an ounce, boil them in a sufficient quantity of water,
strain them and dissolve in the decoction, pulp of Cassia two pounds,
of Tamarinds an ounce, Cinnamon three drams, Sugar a pound, boil it
into the form of an electuary.

_Cassia extracta cum soliis Senæ._
Or Cassia extracted with the leaves of Sena.

_College._] Take of the former receipt two pounds, Sena in powder two
ounces, mix them according to art.

_Culpeper._] This is also a fine cool gentle purge, cleansing the
bowels of choler and melancholy without any griping, very fit for
feverish bodies, and yet the former is gentler than this. They both
cleanse and cool the reins; a reasonable body may take an ounce and an
half of the former, and an ounce of the latter in white Wine, if they
keep the house, or their bodies be oppressed with melancholy, let them
take half the quantity in four ounces of decoction of Epithimum.

_Diacarthamum._

_College._] Take of Diatragacanthum frigidum, half an ounce, pulp of
preserved Quinces an ounce, the inside of the seeds of Bastard Saffron
half an ounce, Ginger two drams, Diacrydium beaten by itself three
drams, Turbith six drams, Manna two ounces, Honey of Roses solutive,
Sugar Candy, of each an ounce, Hermodactils half an ounce, Sugar ten
ounces and an half, make of them a liquid electuary according to art.

_Diaphœnicon._

_College._] Take of the pulp of Dates boiled in Hydromel, Penids, of
each half a pound, sweet Almonds blanched, three ounces and an half, to
all of them being bruised and mixed, add clarified Honey two pounds,
boil them a little, and then strew in Ginger, long Pepper, Mace,
Cinnamon, Rue leaves, the seeds of Fennel and Carrots, of each two
drams, Turbith four ounces, Diacridium an ounce and an half, make of
them an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] I cannot believe this is so profitable in fevers taken
downwards as authors say, for it is a very violent purge.

_Diaprunum Lenitive._

_College._] Take one hundred Damask Prunes, boil them in water till
they be soft, then pulp them, and in the liquor they were boiled in,
boil gently one of Violet flowers, strain it, and with two pounds of
sugar boil it to a Syrup, then add half a pound of the aforesaid pulp,
the pulp of Cassia, and Tamarinds, of each one ounce, then mix with it
these powders following: Sanders white and red, Spodium, Rhubarb, of
each three drams, red Roses, Violets, the seeds of Purslain, Succory,
Barberries, Gum Tragacanth, Liquorice, Cinnamon, of each two drams, the
four greater cold seeds, of each one dram, make it into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It may safely, and is with good success, given in acute,
burning, and all other fevers, for it cools much, and loosens the body
gently: it is good in agues, hectic fevers, and Mirasmos. You may take
an ounce of it at a time, at night when you go to bed, three hours
after a light supper, neither need you keep your chamber next day,
unless the weather be very cold, or your body very tender.

_Diaprunum solutive._

_College._] Take of Diaprunum Lenitive whilst it is warm, four pounds,
Scammony prepared two ounce and five drams, mix them into an electuary
according to art.

Seeing the dose of Scammony is increased according to the author in
this medicine, you may use a less weight of Scammony if you please.

_Catholicon._

_College._] Take of the pulp of Cassia and Tamarinds, the leaves of
Sena, of each two ounces, Polypodium, Violets, Rhubarb, of each one
ounce, Annis seeds, Penids, Sugar Candy, Liquorice, the seeds of
Gourds, Citruls, Cucumbers, Melons, of each two drams, the things to be
bruised, being bruised, take of fresh Polypodium three ounces, sweet
Fennel seeds six drams, boil them in four pounds of water till the
third part be consumed, strain it, and with two pounds of sugar, boil
the decoction to the thickness of a Syrup; then with the pulps and
powder make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling purge for any part of the body,
and very gentle, it may be given (an ounce, or half an ounce at a
time, according to the strength of the patient) in acute, or peracute
diseases, for it gently loosens the belly, and adds strength, it helps
infirmities of the liver and spleen, gouts of all sorts, quotidian,
tertian, and quartan agues, as also head-aches. It is usually given in
clysters. If you like to take it inwardly, you may take an ounce at
night going to bed; in the morning drink a draught of hot posset drink
and go about your business.

_Electuarium de Citro Solutivum._
Or Electuary of Citrons, solutive.

_College._] Take of Citron pills preserved, conserves of the flowers of
Violets and Bugloss, Diatragacanthum frigidum, Diacrydium, of each half
an ounce, Turbith five drams, Ginger half a dram, Sena six drams, sweet
Fennel seeds one dram, white sugar dissolved in Rose-water, and boiled
according to art, ten ounces, make a solid electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] Here are some things very cordial, others purge violently,
both put together, make a composition no way pleasing to me; therefore
I account it a pretty receipt, good for nothing.

_Electuarium Elescoph._

_College._] Take of Diacrydium, Turbith, of each six drams, Cloves,
Cinnamon, Ginger, Myrobalans, Emblicks, Nutmegs, Polypodium, of each
two drams and an half, Sugar six ounces, clarified Honey ten ounces,
make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges choler and flegm, and wind from all parts of the
body, helps pains of the joints and sides, the cholic, it cleanses the
reins and bladder, yet I advise you not to take too much of it at a
time, for it works pretty violently, let half an ounce be the most, for
such whose bodies are strong, always remembering that you had better
ten times take too little, than once too much; you may take it in
white wine, and keep yourself warm. If you would have my opinion of it,
I do not like it.

_Confectio Hamech._

_College._] Take of the bark of Citron, Myrobalans two ounces,
Myrobalans, Chebs and blacks, Violets, Colocynthis, Polypodium of the
Oak, of each one ounce and an half, Wormwood, Thyme, of each half an
ounce, the seeds of Annis, and Fennel, the flowers of red Roses of
each three drams, let all of them being bruised, be infused one day
in six pounds of Whey, then boiled till half be consumed, rubbed with
your hands and pressed out: to the decoction add juice of Fumitory,
pulp of Prunes, and Raisins of the Sun, of each half a pound, white
Sugar, clarified Honey, of each one pound, boil it to the thickness
of Honey, strewing in towards the end. Agarick trochiscated, Sena of
each two ounces, Rhubarb one ounce and an half, Epithimum one ounce,
Diacrydium six drams, Cinnamon half an ounce, Ginger two drams, the
seeds of Fumitory and Annis, Spikenard, of each one dram, make it into
an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] The receipt is chiefly appropriated as a purge for
melancholy and salt flegm, and diseases thence arising, as scabs, itch,
leprosies, cancers, infirmities of the skin, it purges adust humours,
and is good against madness, melancholy, forgetfulness, vertigo. It
purges very violently, and is not safe given alone. I would advise the
unskilful not to meddle with it inwardly: You may give half an ounce of
it in clysters, in melancholy diseases, which commonly have astringency
a constant companion with them.

_Electuarium Lenitivum._
Or Lenitive Electuary.

_College._] Take of Raisins of the Sun stoned, Polypodium of the
Oak, Sena, of each two ounces, Mercury one handful and an half,
Jujubes, Sebestens, of each twenty, Maidenhair, Violets, French
Barley, of each one handful, Damask Prunes stoned, Tamarinds of each
six drams, Liquorice half an ounce, boil them in ten pounds of water
till two parts of the three be consumed; strain it, and dissolve in
the decoction, pulp of Cassia, Tamarinds, and fresh Prunes, Sugar of
Violets, of each six ounces, Sugar two pounds, at last add powder of
Sena leaves, one ounce and an half, Annis seeds in powder, two drams to
each pound of electuary, and so bring it into the form of an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It gently opens and molifies the bowels, brings forth
choler, flegm, and melancholy, and that without trouble, it is cooling,
and therefore is profitable in pleurisies, and for wounded people: A
man of reasonable strength may take an ounce of it going to bed, which
will work next morning.

_Electuarium Passulatum._

_College._] Take of fresh Polypodium roots three ounces, fresh
Marsh-mallow roots, Sena, of each two ounces, Annis seeds two drams,
steep them in a glazed vessel, in a sufficient quantity of spring
water, boil them according to art; strain it and with pulp of Raisins
of the Sun half a pound, white Sugar, Manna, of each four ounces, boil
it to the thickness of a Cydoniate, and renew it four times a year.

_Culpeper._] It gently purges both choler and melancholy, cleanses the
reins and bladder, and therefore is good for the stone and gravel in
the kidneys.

_Electuarium e succo Rosarum._
Or Electuary of the Juice of Roses.

_College._] Take of Sugar, the juice of red Roses clarified, of each a
pound and four ounces, the three sorts of Sanders of each six drams,
Spodium three drams, Diacydonium twelve drams, Camphire a scruple, let
the juice be boiled with the sugar to its just thickness, then add the
rest in powder, and so make it into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges choler, and is good in tertian agues, and
diseases of the joints, it purges violently, therefore let it be warily
given.

_Hiera Picra simple._

_College._] Take of Cinnamon, Xylobalsamum, or wood of Aloes, the roots
of Asarabacca, Spikenard, Mastich, Saffron, of each six drams, Aloes
not washed twelve ounces and an half, clarified Honey four pounds and
three ounces, mix them into an electuary according to art. Also you may
keep the species by itself in your shops.

_Culpeper._] It is an excellent remedy for vicious juices which lie
furring the tunicle of the stomach, and such idle fancies and symptoms
which the brain suffers thereby, whereby some think they see, others
that they hear strange things, especially when they are in bed, and
between sleeping and waking; besides this, it very gently purges the
belly, and helps such women as are not sufficiently purged after their
travail.

_Hiera with Agarick._

_College._] Take of species Hiera, simple without Aloes, Agarick
trochiscated, of each half an ounce, Aloes not washed one ounce,
clarified Honey six ounces, mix it, and make it into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] Look but to the virtues of Agarick and add them to the
virtues of the former receipt, so is the business done without any
further trouble.

_Hiera Logadii._

_College._] Take of Coloquintida, Polypodium, of each two drams,
Euphorbium, Poley mountain, the seeds of Spurge, of each one dram
and an half, and six grains, Wormwood, Myrrh, of each one dram and
twelve grains, Centaury the less, Agarick, Gum Ammoniacum, Indian leaf
or Mace, Spikenard, Squills prepared, Diacrydium of each one dram,
Aloes, Thyme Hermander, Cassia Lignea, Bdellum, Horehound, of each
one scruple and fourteen grains, Cinnamon, Oppopanax, Castorium, long
Birthwort, the three sorts of Pepper, Sagapen, Saffron, Parsley of each
two drams, Hellebore black and white, of each six grains, clarified
Honey a pound and a half, mix them, and make of them an electuary
according to art. Let the species be kept dry in your shops.

_Culpeper._] It takes away by the roots daily evils coming of
melancholy, falling-sickness, vertigo, convulsions, megrim, leprosies,
and many other infirmities; for my part I should be loth to take it
inwardly unless upon desperate occasions, or in clysters. It may well
take away diseases by the roots, if it takes away life and all.

_Hiera Diacolocynthidos._

_College._] Take of Colocynthis, Agarick, Germander, white Horehound,
Stœchas, of each ten drams, Opopanax, Sagapen, Parsley seeds, round
Birthwort roots, white Pepper of each five drams, Spikenard, Cinnamon,
Myrrh, Indian leaf or Mace, Saffron, of each four drams, bruise the
Gums in a mortar, sift the rest, and with three pounds of clarified
honey, three ounces and five drams, make it into an electuary according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps the falling-sickness, madness, and the pain in
the head called Kephalalgia, pains in the breast and stomach whether
they come by sickness or bruises, pains in the loins or back-bone,
hardness of womens breasts, putrefaction of meat in the stomach, and
sour belchings. It is but used seldom and therefore hard to be gotten.

_Triphera the greater._

_College._] Take of Myrobalans, Chebs, Bellericks, Inds and Emblicks,
Nutmegs, of each five drams, Water-cress seeds, Asarabacca roots,
Persian Origanum, or else Dittany of Crete, black Pepper, Olibanum,
Ammi, Ginger, Tamarisk, Indian Nard, Squinanth, Cypress roots of each
half an ounce, filings of steel prepared with Vinegar twenty drams,
let the Myrobalans be roasted with fresh butter, let the rest, being
powdered, be sprinkled with oil of sweet Almonds, then add Musk one
dram, and with their treble weight in Honey, make it into an electuary
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps the immoderate flowing of the menses in women,
and the hæmorrhoids in men, it helps weakness of the stomach, and
restores colour lost, it frees the body from crude humours, and
strengthens the bladder, helps melancholy, and rectifies the distempers
of the spleen. You may take a dram in the morning, or two if your body
be any thing strong.

_Triphera solutive._

_College._] Take of Diacrydium, ten drams, Turbith, an ounce and an
half, Cardamoms the less, Cloves, Cinnamon, Honey, of each three drams,
yellow Sanders, Liquorice, sweet Fennel seeds, of each half an ounce,
Acorns, Schœnanth, of each a dram, red Roses, Citron pills preserved,
of each three drams, Violets two drams, Penids four ounces, white Sugar
half a pound, Honey clarified in juice of Apples one pound, make an
electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] The Diacrydium and Turbith, are a couple of untoward
purges, the rest are all cordials.

_Athanasia Mithridatis._ Galen.

_College._] Take of Cinnamon, Cassia, Schœnanth, of each an ounce and
an half, Saffron, Myrrh, of each one ounce, Costus, Spignel, (Meum,)
Acorus, (Water-flag perhaps they mean. See the root in the Catalogue of
Simples,) Agarick, Scordium, Carrots, Parsley, of each half an ounce,
white Pepper eleven grains, Honey so much as is sufficient to make it
into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It prevails against poison, and the bitings of venomous
beasts, and helps such whose meat putrifies in their stomach, stays
vomiting of blood, helps old coughs, and cold diseases in the liver,
spleen, bladder, and matrix. The dose is half a dram.

_Electuarium scoriaferri._ Rhasis.

_College._] Take of the flakes of Iron infused in Vinegar seven days
and dried, three drams, Indian Spikenard, Schœnanth, Cypress, Ginger,
Pepper, Bishop’s weed, Frankincense, of each half an ounce, Myrobalans,
Indian Bellericks, and Emblicks, Honey boiled with the decoction of
Emblicks, sixteen ounces, mix them together, and make of them an
electuary.

_Culpeper._] The medicine heats the spleen gently, purges melancholy,
eases pains in the stomach and spleen, and strengthens digestion.
People that are strong may take half an ounce in the morning fasting,
and weak people three drams. It is a good remedy for pains and hardness
of the spleen.

_Confectio Humain._ Mesua.

_College._] Take of Eyebright two ounces, Fennel seeds five drams,
Cloves, Cinnamon, Cubebs, long Pepper, Mace, of each one dram, beat
them all into powder, and with clarified Honey one pound, in which boil
juice of Fennel one ounce, juice of Celandine and Rue, of each half an
ounce, and with the powders make it up into an electuary.

_Culpeper._] It is chiefly appropriated to the brain and heart,
quickens the senses, especially the sight, and resists the pestilence.
You may take half a dram if your body be hot, a dram if cold, in the
morning fasting.

_Diaireos Solomonis._ Nich.

_College._] Take of Orris roots one ounce, Pennyroyal, Hyssop,
Liquorice, of each six drams, Tragacanth, white Starch, bitter Almonds,
Pine-nuts, Cinnamon, Ginger, Pepper, of each three drams, fat Figs, the
pulp of Raisins of the Sun, and Dates, of each three drams and an half,
Styrax, Calamitis two drams and an half, Sugar dissolved in Hyssop
water, and clarified Honey, of each twice the weight of all the rest,
make them into an electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] The electuary is chiefly appropriated to the lungs, and
helps cold infirmities of them, as asthmaes, coughs, difficulty of
breathing, &c. You may take it with a Liquorice stick, or on the point
of a knife, a little of it at a time, and often.

_Diasaiyrion._ Nich.

_College._] Take of the roots of Satyrion fresh and sound, garden
Parsnips, Eringo, Pine-nuts, Indian Nuts, or if Indian Nuts be wanting,
take the double quantity of Pine-nuts, Fistic-nuts, of each one ounce
and an half, Cloves, Ginger, the seeds of Annis, Rocket, Ash Keys, of
each five drams, Cinnamon, the tails and loins of Scincus, the seeds of
Bulbus Nettles, of each two drams and an half, Musk seven grains, of
the best sugar dissolved in Malaga Wine, three pounds, make it into an
electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps weakness of the reins and bladder, and such as
make water with difficulty, it provokes lust exceedingly, and speedily
helps such as are impotent in the acts of _Venus_. You may take two
drams or more at a time.

__Matthiolus’s_ great antidote against Poison
and Pestilence._

_College._] Take of Rhubarb, Rhapontic, Valerian roots, the roots
of Acorus, or Calamus Aromaticus, Cypress, Cinquefoyl, Tormentil,
round Birthwort, male Peony, Elecampane, Costus, Illirick, Orris,
white Chamelion, or Avens, of each three drams, the Roots of Galanga,
Masterwort, white Dictamni, Angelica, Yarrow, Fillipendula or Dropwort,
Zedoary, Ginger, of each two drams, Rosemary, Gentian, Devil’s-bit, of
each two drams and an half, the seeds of Citrons, and Agnus Castus,
the berries of Kermes, the seeds of Ash-tree, Sorrel, wild Parsnips,
Navew, Nigella, Peony the male, Bazil, Hedge Mustard, (Irio) Treacle
Mustard, Fennel, Bishop’s-weed, of each two drams, the berries of
Bay, Juniper, and Ivy, Sarsaparilla, (or for want of it the double
weight of Cubebs,) Cubebs, of each one dram and an half, the leaves of
Scordium, Germander, Chamepitys, Centaury the less, Stœchas, Celtic
Spikenard, Calaminth, Rue, Mints, Betony, Vervain, Scabious, Carduus
Benedictus, Bawm, of each one dram and an half, Dittany of Crete
three drams, Marjoram, St. John’s Wort, Schœnanth, Horehound, Goats
Rue, Savin, Burnet, of each two drams, Figs, Walnuts, Fistic-nuts, of
each three ounces, Emblicks, Myrobalans half an ounce, the flowers
of Violets, Borrage, Bugloss, Roses, Lavender, Sage, Rosemary, of
each four scruples, Saffron three drams, Cassia Lignea ten drams,
Cloves, Nutmegs, Mace, of each two drams and an half, black Pepper,
long Pepper, all the three sorts of Sanders, wood of Aloes, of each
one dram and an half, Hart’s-horn half an ounce, Unicorn’s-horn, or
in its stead, Bezoar stone, one dram, bone in a Stag’s heart, Ivory,
Stag’s pizzle, Castoreum, of each four scruples, Earth of Lemnos three
drams, Opium one dram and an half, Orient Pearls, Emeralds, Jacinth,
red Coral, of each one dram and an half, Camphire two drams, Gum
Arabic, Mastich, Frankincense, Styrax, Turpentine, Sagapenum, Opopanax,
Laserpitium, or Myrrh, of each two drams and an half, Musk, Ambergris,
of each one dram, oil of Vitriol half an ounce, species cordiales
temperatæ, Diamargariton, Diamoscu, Diambra, Electuarij de Gemmis,
Troches of Camphire, of Squills, of each two drams and an half, Troches
of Vipers two ounces, the juice of Sorrel, Sow Thistles, Scordium,
Vipers Bugloss, Borrage, Bawm, of each half a pound, Hypocistis two
drams, of the best Treacle and Mithridate, of each six ounces, old Wine
three pounds, of the best Sugar, or choice Honey eight pounds six
ounces. These being all chosen and prepared with diligence and art, let
them be made into an electuary just as Treacle or Mithridate is.

_Culpeper._] The title shews you the scope of the author in compiling
it, I believe it is excellent for those uses. The dose of this is from
a scruple to four scruples, or a dram and an half: It provokes sweating
abundantly, and in this or any other sweating medicine, order your body
thus: Take it in bed, and cover yourself warm, in your sweating, drink
posset-drink as hot as you can, if it be for a fever, boil Sorrel and
red Sage in posset-drink, sweat an hour or two if your strength will
bear it, then the chamber being kept very warm, shift yourself all but
your head, about which (your cap which you sweat in being kept on) wrap
a hot napkin, which will be a means to repel the vapours back. This I
hold the best method for sweating in fevers and pestilences, in which
this electuary is very good. I am very loth to leave out this medicine,
which if it were stretched out, and cut in thongs, would reach round
the world.

_Requies._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of red Rose leaves, the whites being cut off, blue
Violets, of each three drams, Opium of Thebes, dissolved in Wine,
the seeds of white Henbane, Poppies white and black, the roots of
Mandrakes, the seeds of Endive, Purslain, garden Lettuce, Psyllium,
Spodium, Gum Tragacanth, of each two scruples and five grains, Nutmegs,
Cinnamon, Ginger, of each a dram and an half, Sanders, yellow, white,
and red, of each a dram and an half, Sugar three times their weight,
dissolved in Rose-water: mix them together, and make of them an
electuary according to art.

_Culpeper._] I like not the receipt taken inwardly.

_Electuarium Reginæ Coloniens._

_College._] Take of the seeds of Saxifrage and Gromwell, juice of
Liquorice, of each half an ounce, the seeds of Caraway, Annis,
Smallage, Fennel, Parsley of Macedonia, Broom, Carrots, Bruscus,
Asparagus, Lovage, Cummin, Juniper, Rue, Siler Mountain, the seeds of
Acorus, Pennyroyal, Cinquefoyl, Bayberries, of each two drams, Indian
Spikenard, Schœnanth, Amber, Valerian, Hog’s Fennel, Lapis Lincis, of
each a dram and an half, Galanga, Ginger, Turbith, of each two drams,
Sena an ounce, Goat’s blood prepared half an ounce, mix them together:
first beat them into powder, then make them into an electuary according
to art, with three times their weight in Sugar dissolved in white Wine.

_Culpeper._] It is an excellent remedy for the stone and wind cholic, a
dram of it taken every morning: I assure such as are troubled with such
diseases, I commend it to them as a jewel.


PILLS.

_Culpeper._] Pills in Greek are called, _Katopotia_, in Latin,
_Pilulæ_: which signifies little balls, because they are made up in
such a form, that they may be the better swallowed down, by reason of
the offensiveness of their taste.

_Pilulæ de Agarico._
Or Pills of Agarick.

_College._] Take of Agarick three drams, our own blue Orris roots,
Mastich, Horehound, of each one dram, Turbith five drams, Species
Hiera Picra half an ounce, Colocynthis, Sarcocol, of each two drams,
Myrrh one dram, Sapa as much as is sufficient to make it into a mass
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It was invented to cleanse the breast and lungs of flegm,
it works pretty strongly. Half a dram at a time (keeping yourself
warm,) cannot well do you harm, unless your body be very weak.

_Pilulæ Aggregativæ._

_College._] Take of Citron, Myrobalans, Rhubarb, of each half an
ounce, juice of Agrimony and Wormwood made thick, of each two drams,
Diagridium five drams, Agarick, Colocynthis, Polypodium of each two
drams, Turbith, Aloes, of each six drams, Mastich, red Roses, Sal. Gem.
Epithymum, Annis, Ginger, of each a dram, with Syrup of Damask Roses,
make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges the head of choler, flegm and melancholy, and
that stoutly: it is good against quotidian agues, and faults in the
stomach and liver, yet because it is well corrected if you take but
half a dram at a time, and keep yourself warm, I suppose you may take
it without danger.

_Pilulæ Alœphanginæ._

_College._] Take of Cinnamon, Cloves, Cardamoms the less, Nutmegs,
Mace, Calamus Aromaticus, Carpobalsamum, or Juniper berries, Squinanth,
Wood of Aloes, yellow Sanders, red Roses dried, Wormwood, of each half
an ounce, let the tincture be taken out of these, being grossly bruised
in spirit of Wine, the vessel being close stopped; in three pounds of
this tincture, being strained, dissolve Aloes one pound, which being
dissolved, add Mastich, Myrrh, of each half an ounce, Saffron two
drams, Balsam of Peru one dram, the superfluous liquor being consumed,
either over hot ashes, or a bath, bring it into a mass of pills.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses both stomach and brain of gross and putrified
humours, and sets the senses free when they are thereby troubled, it
cleanses the brain offended by ill humours, wind, &c. helps vertigo and
head-aches, and strengthens the brain exceedingly, helps concoction,
and strengthens the stomach, one dram taken at night going to bed,
will work gently next day: if the party be weak, you may give less, if
strong more. If you take but half a dram, you may go abroad the next
day: but if you take a dram, you may keep the house; there can be no
harm in that.

_Pilulæ de Aloe Lota._
Or Pills of washed Aloes.

_College._] Take of Aloes washed with juice of red Roses, one ounce,
Agarick three drams, Mastich two drams, Diamoscu Dulce half a dram,
Syrup of Damask-roses, so much as is sufficient to make it into a mass
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges both brain, stomach, bowels, and eyes of
putrified humours, and also strengthens them. Use these as the
succeeding.

_Aloe Rosata._

_College._] Take of Aloes in powder four ounces, juice of Damask Roses
clarified one pound, mix them and digest them in the sun, or in a bath,
till the superfluous liquor be drawn off, digest it, and evaporate it
four times over, and keep the mass.

_Culpeper._] It is a gallant gentle purger of choler, frees the stomach
from superfluous humours, opens stoppings, and other infirmities of
the body proceeding from choler and flegm, as yellow jaundice, &c. and
strengthens the body exceedingly. Take a scruple, or half a dram at
night going to bed, you may walk abroad, for it will hardly work till
next day in the afternoon.

_Pilulæ Aureæ._

_College._] Take of Aloes, Diacrydium, of each five drams, red Roses,
Smallage seeds, of each two drams and an half, the seeds of Annis
and Fennel, of each one dram and an half, Mastich, Saffron, Troch,
Alhandal, of each one dram, with a sufficient quantity of Honey Roses,
make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They are held to purge the head, to quicken the senses,
especially the sight, and to expel wind from the bowels, but works
something harshly. Half a dram is the utmost dose, keep the fire, take
them in the morning, and sleep after them, they will work before noon.

_Pilulæ Cochiæ, the greater._

_College._] Take of Species, Hiera Picra, ten drams, Troch, Alhandal,
three drams and an half, Diacrydium two drams and an half, Turbith,
Stœchas, of each five drams, with a sufficient quantity of Syrup of
Stœchas, make it into a mass, according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is held to purge the head, but it is but a dogged purge
at best, and must be given only to strong bodies, and but half a dram
at a time, and yet with great care.

_Pilulæ Cochiæ, the less._

_College._] Take of Aloes, Scammony, Colocynthis, of each one ounce,
with equal parts of Syrup of Wormwood, and of purging thorn, make it
into a mass according to art.

_Pilulæ de Cynoglosso._
Or Pills of Hound’s-tongue.

_College._] Take of the Roots of Hound’s-tongue dried, white Henbane
seed, Opium prepared, of each half an ounce, Myrrh six drams, Olibanum
five drams, Saffron, Castoreum, Styrax, Calamitis, of each one dram and
an half, with Syrup of Stœchas, make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] It stays hot rheums that fall down upon the lungs,
therefore is good in phthisics, also it mitigates pain, a scruple is
enough to take at a time going to bed, and too much if your body be
weak: have a care of opiates for fear they make you sleep your last.

_Pilulæ ex Duobus._
Or Pills of two things.

_College._] Take of Colocynthis, and Scamony, of each one ounce, oil of
Cloves as much as is sufficient to malax them well, then with a little
Syrup of purging Thorn, make it into a mass.

_Pilulæ de Eupatorio._
Or Pills of Eupatorium.

_College._] Take of the juice of Maudlin, and Wormwood made thick,
Citron, Myrobalans, of each three drams, Rhubarb three drams and an
half, Mastich one dram, Aloes five drams, Saffron half a dram, Syrup of
the juice of Endive, as much as is sufficient to make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] It is a gallant gentle purge, and strengthening, fitted
for such bodies as are much weakened by disease of choler. The author
appropriates it to such as have tertian agues, the yellow jaundice,
obstructions or stoppings of the liver; half a dram taken at night
going to bed, will work with an ordinary body, the next day by noon.

_Pilulæ Fætidæ._
Or Stinking Pills.

_College._] Take of Aloes, Colocynthis, Ammoniacum, Sagapen, Myrrh,
Rue-seeds, Epithymum, of each five drams, Scamony three drams, the
roots of Turbith half an ounce, the roots of Spurge the less prepared,
Hermodactils of each two drams, Ginger one dram and an half, Spikenard,
Cinnamon, Saffron, Castoreum, of each one dram, Euphorbium prepared two
scruples, dissolve the Gums in juice of Leeks, and with Syrup made with
the juice of Leeks and Sugar, make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] They purge gross and raw flegm, and diseases thereof
arising; gouts of all sorts, pains in the back-bone, and other joints:
it is good against leprosies, and other such like infirmities of the
skin. I fancy not the receipt much.

_Pilulæ de Hermodactilis._
Or Pills of Hermodactils.

_College._] Take of Sagapen six drams, Opopanax three drams, melt them
in warm juice of Coleworts, so much as is sufficient, then strain it
through a convenient rag, afterwards boil it to a mean thickness, then
take of Hermodactils, Aloes, Citron, Myrobalans, Turbith, Coloquintida,
soft Bdellium, of each six drams, Euphorbium prepared, the seeds of Rue
and Smallage, Castoreum, Sarcocol, of each three drams, Saffron one
dram and an half, with the Syrup of the juice of Coleworts made with
honey, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They are good against the gout, and other cold afflictions
of the joints. These are more moderate by half than _Pilulæ Fœtidæ_,
and appropriated to the same diseases.

_Pilulæ de Hiera cum Agarico._
Or Pills of Hiera with Agarick.

_College._] Take of Species Hiera Picra, Agarick, of each half an
ounce, Aloes one ounce, Honey Roses so much as is sufficient to make it
into a mass according to art.

_Pilulæ Imperiales._
Or Imperial Pills.

_College._] Take of Aloes two ounces, Rhubarb one ounce and an half,
Agarick, Sena, of each one ounce, Cinnamon three drams, Ginger two
drams, Nutmegs, Cloves, Spikenard, Mastich, of each one dram with Syrup
of Violets, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses the body of mixt humours, and strengthens the
stomach exceedingly, as also the bowels, liver, and natural spirits: it
is good for cold natures, and cheers the spirits. The dose is a scruple
or half a dram, taken at night.

_Pilulæ de Lapide Lazuli._
Or Pills of Lapis Lazuli.

_College._] Take of Lapis Lazuli in powder and well washed, five drams,
Epithymum, Polypodium, Agarick, of each an ounce, Scamony, black
Hellebore roots, Sal. Gem. of each two drams and an half, Cloves, Annis
seeds, of each half an ounce, Species Hiera simple fifteen drams, with
Syrup of the juice of Fumitory, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges melancholy very violently.

_Pilulæ Macri._

_College._] Take of Aloes two ounces, Mastich half an ounce, dried
Marjoram two drams, Salt of Wormwood one dram, make them all, being in
powder, into a mass according to art with juice of Coleworts and Sugar,
so much as is sufficient.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens both stomach and brain, especially the
nerves and muscles, and eases them of such humours as afflict them, and
hinder the motion of the body, they open obstructions of the liver and
spleen, and takes away diseases thence coming.

_Pilulæ Mastichinæ._
Or Mastich Pills.

_College._] Take of Mastich two ounces, Aloes four ounces, Agarick,
Species Hiera simple, of each one ounce and an half, with Syrup of
Wormwood, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They purge very gently, but strengthen much, both head,
brain, eyes, belly, and reins.

_Pilulæ Mechoacanæ._
Or Pills of Mechoacan.

_College._] Take of Mechoacan roots half an ounce, Turbith three
drams, the leaves of Spurge steeped in Vinegar and dried, the seeds
of Walwort, Agarick trochiscated, of each two drams, Spurge roots
prepared, Mastich, of each one dram and an half, Mace, Cinnamon, Sal.
Gem. of each two scruples, beat them into powder, and with white Wine,
bring them into a mass. When it is dry, beat it into powder, and with
Syrup made with the juice of Orris roots and sugar, make it the second
time into a mass for pills.

_Culpeper._] They purge flegm very violently.

_Pilulæ de Opopanace._
Or Pills of Opopanax.

_College._] Take of Opopanax, Sagapen, Bdellium, Ammoniacum,
Hermodactils, Coloquintida, of each five drams, Saffron, Castoreum,
Myrrh, Ginger, white Pepper, Cassia Lignea, Citron, Myrobalans, of each
one dram, Scamony two drams, Turbith half an ounce, Aloes an ounce and
an half, the Gums being dissolved in clarified juice of Coleworts,
with Syrup of the juice of Coleworts, make them into a mass according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps tremblings, palsies, gouts of all sorts,
cleanses the joints, and is helpful for such as are troubled with cold
afflictions of the nerves. It works violently.

_Pilulæ Rudii._

_College._] Take of Coloquintida six drams, Agarick, Scamony, the roots
of black Hellebore, and Turbith, of each half an ounce, Aloes one
ounce, Diarrhodon Abbatis half an ounce, let all of them (the Diarrh.
Abbatis excepted) be grossly bruised, and infused eight days in the
best spirits of Wine in a vessel close stopped, in the sun, so that the
liquor may swim at top the breadth of six fingers: afterwards infuse
the Diarrhodon Abbatis in the same manner four days in Aqua vitæ, then
having strained and pressed them hard, mix them both together, casting
the dross away, and draw off the moisture in a glass Alembick, and let
the thick matter remain in a mass.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses both head and body of choler, flegm, and
melancholy: it must not be taken in any great quantity, half a dram is
sufficient for the strongest body.

_Pilulæ Russi._

_College._] Take of Aloes two ounces, Myrrh one ounce, Saffron half an
ounce, with Syrup of the juice of Lemons, make it into a mass according
to art.

_Culpeper._] A scruple taken at night going to bed, is an excellent
preservative in pestilential times; also they cleanse the body of such
humours as are gotten by surfeits, they strengthen the heart, and weak
stomachs, and work so easily that you need not fear following your
business the next day.

_Pilulæ sine Quibus._
Or Pills without which——

_College._] Take of washed Aloes fourteen drams, Scammony prepared
six drams, Agarick, Rhubarb, Sena, of each half an ounce, Wormwood,
red Roses exungulated, Violet flowers, Dodder, Mastich, of each one
dram, salt of Wormwood, of each half a dram, with Syrup of the juice of
Fennel made with Honey, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges flegm, choler, and melancholy from the head,
makes the sight and hearing good, and gives ease to a burdened brain.

_Pilulæ Stomachiæ._
Or Stomach Pills.

_College._] Take of Aloes six drams, Mastich, red Roses, of each two
drams, with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They cleanse and strengthen the stomach, they cleanse but
gently, strengthen much, help digestion.

_Pilulæ Stomachiæ cum Gummi._
Or Stomach Pills with Gums.

_College._] Take of Aloes an ounce, Sena five drams, Gum Amoniacum
dissolved in Elder-flower Vinegar half an ounce, Mastich, Myrrh, of
each a dram and an half, Saffron, salt of Wormwood, of each half a
dram, with Syrup of purging Thorn, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They work more strongly than the former.

_Pilulæ e Styrace._
Or Pills of Styrax.

_College._] Take of Styrax Calamitis, Olibanum, Myrrh, juice of
Liquorice, Opium, of each half an ounce, with Syrup of white Poppies,
make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] They help such as are troubled with defluxion of rheum,
coughs, and provoke sleep to such as cannot sleep for coughing.

_Pilulæ de Succino._
Or Pills of Amber.

_College._] Take of white Amber, Mastich, of each two drams, Aloes
five drams, Agaric a dram and an half, long Birthwort half a dram, with
Syrup of Wormwood make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] It amends the evil state of a woman’s body, strengthens
conception, and takes away what hinders it; it gently purges choler and
flegm, and leaves a binding, strengthening quality behind it.

_Pilulæ ex Tribus._
Or Pills of three things.

_College._] Take of Mastich two ounces, Aloes four ounces, Agarick,
Hiera simple, of each an ounce and an half, Rhubarb two ounces,
Cinnamon two drams, with Syrup of Succory, make it into a mass
according to art.

_Culpeper._] They gently purge choler, and help diseases thence
arising, as itch, scabs, wheals, &c. They strengthen the stomach and
liver, and open obstructions, as also help the yellow jaundice.

_Pilulæ Turpeti Aureæ._

_College._] Take of Turbith two ounces, Aloes an ounce and an half,
Citron Myrobalans ten drams, red Roses, Mastich, of each six drams,
Saffron three drams, beat them all into powder, and with Syrup of
Wormwood bring them into a mass.

_Culpeper._] They purge choler and flegm, and that with as much
gentleness as can be desired; also they strengthen the stomach and
liver, and help digestion.

_Laudanum._

_College._] Take of Thebane Opium extracted in spirit of Wine, one
ounce, Saffron alike extracted, a dram and an half, Castorium one dram:
let them be taken in tincture of half an ounce of species Diambræ
newly made in spirit of Wine, add to them Ambergris, Musk, of each six
grains, oil of Nutmegs ten drops, evaporate the moisture away in a
bath, and leave the mass.

_Culpeper._] It was invented (and a gallant invention it is) to
mitigate violent pains, stop the fumes that trouble the brain in
fevers, (but beware of Opiates in the beginning of fevers) to provoke
sleep, take not above two grains of it at a time, going to bed; if that
provoke not sleep, the next night you may make bold with three. Have a
care how you be too busy with such medicines, lest you make a man sleep
to doom’s-day.

_Nepenthes Opiatum._

_College._] Take of tincture of Opium made first with distilled
Vinegar, then with spirit of Wine, Saffron extracted in spirit of Wine,
of each an ounce, salt of Pearl and Coral, of each half an ounce,
tincture of species Diambræ seven drams, Ambergris one dram: bring them
into the form of Pills by the gentle heat of a bath.

_Culpeper._] The operation is like the former.

_Pilulæ Assaireth._ Avicenna.

_College._] Take of Species Hiera Picra Galeni one ounce, Mastich,
Citron Myrobalans, of each half an ounce, Aloes two ounces, the Syrup
of Stœchas as much as is sufficient, make of them a mass according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It purges choler and flegm, and strengthens the whole body
exceedingly, being very precious for such whose bodies are weakened by
surfeits, or ill diet, to take half a dram or a scruple at night going
to bed.

_Pills of Bdellium._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Bdellium ten drams, Myrobalans, Bellericks,
Emblicks, and Blacks, of each five drams, flakes of Iron, Leek seeds,
of each three drams, Choncula Veneris burnt, Coral burnt, Amber, of
each a dram and an half, Pearls half an ounce, dissolve the Bdellium
in juice of Leeks and with so much Syrup of juice of Leeks as is
sufficient, make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former are seldom used, and therefore
are hardly to be had.

_Pills of Rhubarb._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of choice Rhubarb three drams, Citron Myrobalans,
Trochisci Diarrhodon, of each three drams and an half, juice of
Liquorice, and juice of Wormwood, Mastich, of each one dram, the seeds
of Smallage and Fennel, of each half a dram, Species Hiera Picra simp.
Galeni, ten drams, with juice of Fennel not clarified, and Honey so
much as is sufficient, make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] It purges choler, opens obstructions of the liver, helps
the yellow jaundice, and dropsies in the beginning, strengthens the
stomach and lungs.

_Pilulæ Arabica._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of the best Aloes four ounces, Briony roots,
Myrobalans, Citrons, Chebs, Indian Bellerick, and Emblick, Mastich,
Diagrydium, Asarabacca, Roses, of each an ounce, Castorium three drams,
Saffron one dram, with Syrup of Wormwood, make it into a mass according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps such women as are not sufficiently purged in
their labour, helps to bring away what a careless midwife hath left
behind, purges the head, helps head-ach, megrim, vertigo, and purges
the stomach of vicious humours.

_Pilulæ Arthriticæ._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of Hermodactils, Turbith, Agarick, of each half an
ounce, Cassia Lignea, Indian Spikenard, Cloves, Xylobalsamum, or Wood
of Aloes, Carpobalsamum or Cubebs, Mace, Galanga, Ginger, Mastich,
Assafœtida, the seeds of Annis, Fennel, Saxifrage, Sparagus, Bruscus,
Roses, Gromwell, Sal. Gem. of each two drams, Scammony one ounce, of
the best Aloes, the weight of them all, juice of Chamepitys made thick
with sugar, so much as is sufficient: or Syrup of the juice of the
same, so much as is sufficient to make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] It helps the gout, and other pains in the joints, comforts
and strengthens both brain and stomach, and consumes diseases whose
original comes of flegm.

_Pilulæ Cochiæ_ with Helebore.

_College._] Take of the powder of the Pills before prescribed, the
powder of the bark of the roots of black Hellebore, one ounce: make it
into a mass with Syrup of Stœchas according to art.

_Pills of Fumitory._ Avicenna.

_College._] Take of Myrobalans, Citrons, Chebs, and Indian Diagrydium,
of each five drams, Aloes seven drams; let all of them being bruised,
be thrice moistened with juice of Fumitory, and thrice suffered to dry,
then brought into a mass with Syrup of Fumitory.

_Culpeper._] It purges melancholy. Be not too busy with it I beseech
you.

_Pilulæ Indæ._ Mesue _out of_ Haly.

_College._] Take of Indian Myrobalans, black Hellebore, Polypodium of
the Oak, of each five drams, Epithymum, Stœchas, of each six drams,
Agarick, Lapis Lazuli often washed troches Alhandal, Sal Indi, of each
half an ounce, juice of Maudlin made thick, Indian Spikenard, of each
two drams, Cloves one dram, Species Hiera Picra simplex Galeni, twelve
drams, with juice of Smallage make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It wonderfully prevails against afflictions coming of
melancholy, cancers which are not ulcerated, leprosy, evils of the mind
coming of melancholy, as sadness, fear, &c. quartan agues, jaundice,
pains and infirmities of the spleen.

_Pilulæ Lucis Majores._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Roses, Violets, Wormwood, Colocynthis, Turbith,
Cubebs, Calamus Aromaticus, Nutmegs, Indian Spikenard, Epithimum,
Carpobalsamum, or instead thereof, Cardamoms, Xylabalsamum, or Wood
of Aloes, the seeds of Seseli or Hartwort, Rue, Annis, Fennel and
Smallage, Schænanthus, Mastich, Asarabacca roots, Cloves, Cinnamon,
Cassia Lignea, Saffron, Mace, of each two drams, Myrobalans, Citrons,
Chebuls, Indian Bellerick, and Emblick, Rhubarb, of each half an ounce,
Agarick, Sena, of each five drams, Aloes Succotrina, the weight of them
all: with Syrup of the juice of Fennel make it into a mass according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It purges mixt humours from the head, and clears it of
such excrements as hinder the sight.

_Pills of Spurge._ Fernelius.

_College._] Take of the bark of the roots of Spurge the less, steeped
twenty-four hours in Vinegar and juice of Purslain, two drams, grains
of Palma Christi torrified, by number, forty, Citron Myrobalans one
dram and an half, Germander, Chamepitys, Spikenard, Cinnamon, of each
two scruples, being beaten into fine powder with an ounce of Gum
Tragacanth dissolved in Rose Water, and Syrup of Roses so much as is
sufficient, let it be made into a mass.

_Pills of Euphorbium._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Euphorbium, Colocynthis, Agarick, Bdellium,
Sagapenum, of each two drams, Aloes five drams, with Syrup made of the
juice of Leeks, make it into a mass.

_Culpeper._] The Pills are exceeding good for dropsies, pains in the
loins, and gouts coming of a moist cause. Take not above half a dram at
a time and keep the house.

_Pilulæ Scribonii._

_College._] Take of Sagapen, and Myrrh, of each two drams, Opium,
Cardamoms, Castorium, of each one dram, white Pepper half a dram, Sapa
so much as is sufficient to make it into a mass according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is appropriated to such as have phthisicks, and such as
spit blood, but ought to be newly made, a scruple is sufficient taken
going to bed.


TROCHES.

_Trochisci de Absinthio._
Or Troches of Wormwood.

_College._] Take of red Roses, Wormwood leaves, Annis seeds, of each
two drams, juice of Maudlin made thick, the roots of Asarabacca,
Rhubarb, Spikenard, Smallage seeds, bitter Almonds, Mastich, Mace, of
each one dram, juice of Succory so much as is sufficient to make it
into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They strengthen the stomach exceedingly, open
obstructions, or stoppings of the belly and bowels: strengthen
digestion, open the passages of the liver, help the yellow jaundice,
and consume watery superfluities of the body. They are somewhat bitter,
and seldom taken alone; if your pallate affect bitter things, you may
take a dram of them in the morning: They cleanse the body of choler,
but purge not, or not to any purpose.

_Agaricus Trochiscatus._
Or Agarick Trochiscated.

_College._] Take of Agarick sifted and powdered, three ounces, steep it
in a sufficient quantity of white Wine, in which two drams of ginger
have been infused, and make it into troches.

_Trochisci Albi._ Rhasis.
Or white Troches.

_College._] Take of Ceruss washed in Rosewater ten drams, Sarcocol
three drams, white Starch two drams, Gum Arabic and Tragacanth, of each
one dram, Camphire half a dram, either with Rosewater, or women’s milk,
or make it into troches according to art.

_Trochisci Alexiterii._

_College._] Take of Zedoary roots, powder of Crab’s Claws, of each one
dram, and an half, the outward Citron preserved and dried, Angelica
seeds, Pills, of each one dram, Bole-amoniac half a dram, with their
treble weight in sugar make them into powder, and with a sufficient
quantity of Mussilage of Gum Tragacanth, made into treacle water
distilled, make it into paste, of which make troches.

_Culpeper._] This preserves the body from ill airs, and epidemical
diseases, as the pestilence, small pox, &c. and strengthens the heart
exceedingly, eating now and then a little: you may safely keep any
troches in your pocket, for the drier you keep them, the better they
are.

_Trochisci Alhandal._

_College._] Take of Coloquintida freed from the seeds and cut small,
and rubbed with an ounce of oil of Roses, then beaten into fine powder,
ten ounces, Gum Arabic, Tragacanth, Bdellium, of each six drams. Steep
the Gums three or four days in a sufficient quantity of Rose-water till
they be melted, then with the aforesaid pulp, and part of the said
mussilage, let them be dried in the shadow, then beaten again, and with
the rest of the mussilage, make it up again, dry them and keep them for
use.

_Culpeper._] They are too violent for a vulgar use.

_Trochisci Aliptæ Moschatæ._

_College._] Take of Labdanum bruised three ounces, Styrax Calamitis
one ounce and an half, Benjamin one ounce, Wood of Aloes two drams,
Ambergris one dram, Camphire half a dram, Musk half a scruple, with a
sufficient quantity of Rose-water, make it into troches according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It is singularly good for such as are asthmatic, and can
hardly fetch their breath; as also for young children, whose throat is
so narrow that they can hardly swallow down their milk.

_Trochisci Alkekengi._
Or Troches of Winter-cherries.

_College._] Take of Winter Cherries three drams, Gum Arabic,
Tragacanth, Olibanum, Dragon’s-blood, Pine-nuts, bitter Almonds, white
Styrax, juice of Liquorice, Bole-ammoniac, white Poppy seeds, of each
six drams, the seeds of Melons, Cucumbers, Citruls, Gourds, of each
three drams and an half, the seeds of Smallage and white Henbane,
Amber, Earth of Lemnos, Opium, of each two drams, with juice of fresh
Winter-Cherries, make them into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They potently provoke urine, and break the stone. Mix them
with other medicine of that nature, half a dram at a time, or a dram if
age permit.

_Trochisci Bechici aloi, vel, Rotulæ pectorales._
Or, Pectoral Rolls.

_College._] Take of white Sugar one pound, white Sugar Candy, Penids,
of each four ounces, Orris Florentine one ounce, Liquorice six drams,
white Starch one ounce and an half, with a sufficient quantity of
mussilage of Gum Tragacanth made in Rose Water, make them into small
troches. You may add four grains of Ambergris, and three grains of Musk
to them, if occasion serve.

_Trochisci Bechici nigri._

_College._] Take of juice of Liquorice, white Sugar, of each one dram,
Gum Tragacanth, sweet Almonds blanched, of each six drams, with a
sufficient quantity of mussilage of Quince seeds, made thick with Rose
Water. Make them into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former will melt in ones mouth, and
in that manner to be used by such as are troubled with coughs, cold,
hoarseness, or want of voice. The former is most in use, but in my
opinion, the latter is most effectual.

_Trochisci de Barberis._
Or, Troches of Barberries.

_College._] Take of juice of Barberries, and Liquorice made thick,
Spodium, Purslain seeds, of each three drams, red Roses, six drams,
Indian Spikenard, Saffron, white Starch, Gum Tragacanth, of each a
dram, Citrul seeds cleansed three drams and an half, Camphire half
a dram; with Manna dissolved in juice of Barberries, make them into
troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They wonderfully cool the heat of the liver, reins, and
bladder, breast, and stomach, and stop looseness, cools the heat of
fevers.

_Trochisci de Camphora._
Or, Troches of Camphire.

_College._] Take of Camphire half a dram, Saffron two drams, white
Starch three drams, red Roses, Gum Arabic, and Tragacanth, Ivory,
of each half an ounce, the seeds of Cucumbers husked, of Purslain,
Liquorice, of each an ounce, with mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort,
drawn in Rose-water, make them into troches.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good in burning fevers, heat of blood
and choler, together with hot distempers of the stomach and liver,
and extreme thirst coming thereby, also it is good against the yellow
jaundice, phthisics, and hectic fevers.

_Trochisci de Capparibus._
Or, Troches of Capers.

_College._] Take of the bark of Caper roots, the seeds of Agnus Castus,
of each six drams, Ammoniacum half an ounce, the seeds of Water Cresses
and Nigella, the leaves of Calaminth and Rue, the roots of Acorus and
long Birthwort, the juice of Maudlin made thick, bitter Almonds, of
each two drams, Hart’s-tongue, the roots of round Cypress, Madder, Gum
Lac. of each one dram: being bruised let them be made into troches
according to art, with Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar, and boiled to
the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] They open stoppings of the liver and spleen, and help
diseases thereof coming; as rickets, hypochondriac melancholy, &c. Men
may take a dram, children a scruple in the morning.

_Trochisci de Carabe._
Or, Troches of Amber.

_College._] Take of Amber an ounce, Hart’s-horn burnt, Gum Arabic
burnt, red Coral burnt, Tragacanth, Acacia, Hypocistis, Balaustines,
Mastich, Gum Lacca washed, black Poppy seeds roasted, of each two drams
and two scruples, Frankincense, Saffron, Opium, of each two drams, with
a sufficient quantity of mussilage of the seeds of Fleawort drawn in
Plantain Water, make them into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They were invented to stop fluxes of blood in any part of
the body, the menses, the hæmorrhoids or piles; they also help ulcers
in the breast and lungs. The dose is from ten grains to a scruple.

_Trochisci Cypheos, for Mithridate._

_College._] Take of pulp of Raisins of the Sun, Cypress, Turpentine,
of each three ounces, Myrrh, Squinanth, of each an ounce and an half,
Cinnamon half an ounce, Calamus Aromaticus nine drams, the roots of
round Cypress, and Indian Spikenard, Cassia Lignea, Juniper berries,
Bdellium, Aspalthus or Wood of Aloes, two drams and an half, Saffron
one dram, clarified Honey as much as is sufficient, Canary Wine a
little: let the Myrrh and Bdellium be ground in a mortar with the wine,
to the thickness of liquid Honey, then add the Turpentine, then the
pulp of Raisins, then the powders: at last with the Honey, let them all
be made into troches.

_Culpeper._] It is excellently good against inward ulcers in what part
of the body soever they be. It is chiefly used in compositions, as
Treacle and Mithridate.

_Trochisci de Eupatorio._
Or Troches of Maudlin.

_College._] Take of the juice of Maudlin made thick, Manna, of each
an ounce, red Roses half an ounce, Spodium three drams and an half,
Spikenard three drams, Rhubarb, Asarabacca roots, Annis seeds, of each
two drams. Let the Nard, Annis seeds, and Roses, be beaten together,
the Spodium, Asarabacca, and Rhubarb by themselves, then mix the Manna
and juice of Maudlin in a mortar, add the powders, and with new juice
make it into troches.

_Culpeper._] Obstructions, or stoppings, and swelling above nature,
both of the liver and spleen, are cured by the inward taking of these
troches, and diseases thereof coming, as yellow and black jaundice, the
beginning of dropsies, &c.

_Troches of Gallia Moschata._

_College._] Take of Wood of Aloes five drams, Ambergris three drams,
Musk one dram, with mussilage of Gum Tragacanth made in Rose Water,
make it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They strengthen the brain and heart, and by consequence
both vital and animal spirits, and cause a sweet breath. They are of an
extreme price, therefore I pass by the dose.

_Trochisci Gordonii._

_College._] Take of the four greater cold seeds husked, the seeds
of white Poppies, Mallows, Cotton, Purslain, Quinces, Mirtles, Gum
Tragacanth, and Arabic, Fistic-nuts, Pine-nuts, Sugar-candy, Penids,
Liquorice, French-barley, mussilage of Fleawort seeds, sweet Almonds
blanched, of each two drams, Bole-ammoniac, Dragon’s-blood, Spodium,
red Roses, Myrrh, of each half an ounce, with a sufficient quantity of
Hydromel, make it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They are held to be very good in ulcers of the bladder,
and all other inward ulcers whatsoever, and ease fevers coming thereby,
being of a fine cooling, slippery heating nature.

_Trochisci Hedichroi, (_Galen_) for Treacle._

_College._] Take of Aspalthus, or yellow Sanders, the leaves of
Mastich, the roots of Asarabacca, of each two drams, Rhupontic, Castus,
Calamus Aromaticus, Wood of Aloes, Cinnamon, Squinanth, Opobalsamum
or oil of Nutmegs by expression, of each three drams, Cassia Lignea,
Indian Leaf or Mace, Indian Spikenard, Myrrh, Saffron, of each six
drams, Amomus, or Cardamoms the less, an ounce and an half, Mastich a
dram, Canary Wine as much as is sufficient. Let the Myrrh be dissolved
in the wine, then add the Mastich and Saffron well beaten, then the
Opobalsamum, then the rest in powder, and with the wine, make them up
into troches, and dry them gently.

_Culpeper._] They are very seldom or never used but in other
compositions, yet naturally they heat cold stomachs, help digestion,
strengthen the heart and brain.

_Trochisci Hysterici._

_College._] Take of Asafœtida, Galbanum, of each two drams and an half,
Myrrh two drams, Castoreum a dram and an half, the roots of Asarabacca
and long Birthwort, the leaves of Savin, Featherfew, Nep, of each one
dram, Dittany half a dram, with either the juice or decoction of Rue,
make it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] These are applied to the fœminine gender, help fits of the
mother, expel both birth and after-birth, cleanse women after labour,
and expel the relics of a careless midwife.

_Trochisci de Ligno Aloes._
Or Troches of Wood of Aloes.

_College._] Take of Wood of Aloes, red Roses, of each two drams,
Mastich, Cinnamon, Cloves, Indian Spikenard, Nutmegs, Parsnip seed,
Cardamoms the greater and lesser, Cubebs, Gallia Moschata, Citron
Pills, Mace, of each one dram and an half, Ambergris, Musk, of each
half a scruple, with Honey of Raisins make it into troches.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the heart, stomach, and liver, takes away
heart-qualms, faintings, and stinking breath, and resists the dropsy.

_Trochisci e Mirrha._
Or Troches of Myrrh.

_College._] Take of Myrrh three drams, the Meal of Lupines five drams,
Madder roots, the leaves of Rue, wild Mints, Dittany of Crete, Cummin
seeds, Asafœtida, Sagapen, Opopanax, of each two drams, dissolve the
Gums in Wine wherein Mugwort hath been boiled, or else Juniper-berries,
then add the rest, and with juice of Mugwort, make it into troches
according to art.

_Culpeper._] They provoke the menses, and that with great ease to
such as have them come down with pain. Take a dram of them beaten
into powder, in a spoonful or two of Syrup of Mugwort, or any other
composition tending to the same purpose.

_Sief de Plumbo._
Or Sief of Lead.

_College._] Take of Lead burnt and washed, Brass burnt, Antimony, Tutty
washed, Gum Arabic and Tragacanth of each an ounce, Opium half a dram,
with Rose-water, make them, being beaten and sifted, into troches.

_Trochisci Polyidæ Androm._

_College._] Take of Pomegranate flowers twelve drams, Roach Album three
drams, Frankincense, Myrrh, of each half an ounce, Chalcanthum two
drams, Bull’s gall six drams, Aloes an ounce, with austere Wine, or
juice of Nightshade or Plantain, make them into troches according to
art.

_Culpeper._] They are very good they say, being outwardly applied, both
in green wounds and ulcers. I fancy them not.

_Trochisci de Rhubarbaro._
Or Troches of Rhubarb.

_College._] Take of Rhubarb ten drams, juice of Maudlin made thick,
bitter Almonds, of each half an ounce, red Roses three drams, the
roots of Asarabacca, Madder, Indian Spikenard, the leaves of Wormwood,
the seeds of Annis and Smallage, of each one dram, with Wine in which
Wormwood hath been boiled, make them into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They gently cleanse the liver, help the yellow jaundice,
and other diseases coming of choler and stoppage of the liver.

_Trochisci de Santalis._
Or Troches of Sanders.

_College._] Take of the three Sanders, of each one ounce, the seeds of
Cucumbers, Gourds, Citruls, Purslain, Spodium, of each half an ounce,
red Roses seven drams, juice of Barberries six drams, Bole-ammoniac
half an ounce, Camphire one dram, with Purslain Water make it into
troches.

_Culpeper._] The virtues are the same with troches of Spodium, both of
them harmless.

_Trochisci da Scilla ad Theriacam._
Or Troches of Squils, for Treacle.

_College._] Take a Squil gathered about the beginning of July, of a
middle bigness, and the hard part to which the small roots stick, wrap
it up in paste, and bake it in an oven, till the paste be dry, and the
Squil tender, which you may know by piercing it with a wooden skewer,
or a bodkin, then take it out and bruise it in a mortar, adding to
every pound of the Squil, eight ounces of white Orobus, or red Cicers
in powder, then make it into troches, of the weight of two drams a
piece, (your hands being anointed with Oil of Roses) dry them on the
top of the house, opening towards the South, in the shadow, often
turning them till they be well dry, then keep them in a pewter or glass
vessel.

_Troches of Spodium._

_College._] Take of red Roses twelve drams, Spodium ten drams, Sorrel
seed six drams, the seeds of Purslain and Coriander, steeped in Vinegar
and dried, pulp of Sumach, of each two drams and an half, white Starch
roasted, Balaustines, Barberries, of each two drams, Gum Arabic roasted
one dram and an half, with juice of unripe Grapes, make it into troches.

_Culpeper._] They are of a fine cooling binding nature, excellent in
fevers coming of choler, especially if they be accompanied with a
looseness, they also quench thirst.

_Trochisci de terra Lemnia._
Or Troches of Earth of Lemnos.

_College._] Take of Earth of Lemnos, Bole-ammoniac, Acacia, Hypocystis,
Gum Arabic toasted, Dragon’s blood, white Starch, red Roses, Rose
seeds, Lap. Hematitis, red Coral, Amber, Balaustines, Spodium, Purslain
seeds a little toasted, Olibanum, Hart’s-horn burnt, Cypress Nuts,
Saffron of each two drams, black Poppy seeds, Tragacanth, Pearls, of
each one dram and an half, Opium prepared one dram, with juice of
Plantain, make it into troches.

_Sief de Thure._
Or Sief of Frankincense.

_College._] Take of Frankincense, Lap. Calaminaris, Pompholix, of each
ten drams, Cyrus forty drams, Gum Arabic, Opium, of each six drams,
with fair water make it into balls: dry them and keep them for use.

_Trochisci e Violis solutivi._
Or Troches of Violets solutive.

_College._] Take of Violet flowers meanly dry, six drams, Turbith one
ounce and an half, juice of Liquorice, Scammony, Manna, of each two
drams, with Syrup of Violets, make it into troches.

_Culpeper._] They are not worth talking of, much less worth cost, the
cost and labour of making.

_Trochisci de Vipera ad Theriacum._
Or Troches of Vipers, for Treacle.

_College._] Take of the flesh of Vipers, the skin, entrails, head,
fat, and tail being taken away, boiled in water with Dill, and a
little salt, eight ounces, white bread twice baked, grated and sifted,
two ounces, make it into troches, your hands being anointed with
Opobalsamum, or Oil of Nutmegs by expression, dry them upon a sieve
turned the bottom upwards in an open place, often turning them till
they are well dried, then put them in a glass or stone pot glazed,
stopped close, they will keep a year, yet is it far better to make
Treacle, not long after you have made them.

_Culpeper._] They expel poison, and are excellently good, by a certain
sympathetical virtue, for such as are bitten by an adder.

_Trochisci de Agno Casto._
Or Troches of Agnus Castus.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Agnus Castus, Lettuce, red Rose
flowers, Balaustins, of each a dram, Ivory, white Amber, Bole-ammoniac
washed in Knotgrass Water two drams, Plantain seeds four scruples,
Sassafras two scruples, with mussilage of Quince seeds, extracted in
water of Water-lily flowers, let them be made into troches.

_Culpeper._] Very pretty troches and good for little.

_Trochisci Alexiterii._ Renodæus.

_College._] Take of the roots of Gentian, Tormentil, Orris Florentine,
Zedoary, of each two drams, Cinnamon, Cloves, Mace, of each half a
dram, Angelica roots three drams, Coriander seeds prepared, Roses, of
each one dram, dried Citron pills two drams, beat them all into powder,
and with juice of Liquorice softened in Hippocras, six ounces, make
them into soft paste, which you may form into either troches or small
rolls, which you please.

_Culpeper._] It preserves and strengthens the heart exceedingly, helps
faintings and failings of the vital spirits, resists poison and the
pestilence, and is an excellent medicine for such to carry about them
whose occasions are to travel in pestilential places and corrupt air,
only taking a very small quantity now and then.

_Troches of Annis seed._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Annis seeds, the juice of Maudlin made thick, of
each two drams, the seeds of Dill, Spikenard, Mastich, Indian leaf or
Mace, the leaves of Wormwood, Asarabacca, Smallage, bitter Almonds,
of each half a dram, Aloes two drams, juice of Wormwood so much as is
sufficient to make it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They open obstructions of the liver, and that very gently,
and therefore diseases coming thereof, help quartan agues. You can
scarce do amiss in taking them if they please but your palate.

_Trochisci Diarhodon._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of the flowers of red Roses six drams, Spikenard, Wood
of Aloes, of each two drams, Liquorice three drams, Spodium one dram,
Saffron half a dram, Mastich two drams, make them up into troches with
white Wine according to art.

_Culpeper._] They wonderfully ease fevers coming of flegm, as quotidian
fevers, agues, epiatos, &c. pains in the belly.

_Trochisci de Lacca._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of Gum Lacca cleansed, the juice of Liquorice,
Maudlin, Wormwood, and Barberries, all made thick, Rhubarb, long
Birthwort, Costus, Asarabacca, bitter Almonds, Madder, Annis, Smallage,
Schænanth, of each one dram, with the decoction of Birthwort,
Schænanth, or the juice of Maudlin, or Wormwood, make them into troches
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps stoppings of the liver and spleen, and fevers
thence coming, it expels wind, purges by urine, and resists dropsies.

_Pastilli Adronis._ Galen.

_College._] Take of Pomegranate flowers ten drams, Copperas twelve
drams, unripe Galls, Birthwort, Frankincense, of each an ounce, Alum,
Myrrh, of each half an ounce, Misy two drams, with eighteen ounces of
austere Wine, make it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] This also is appropriated to wounds, ulcers, and fistulas,
it clears the ears, and represses all excressences of flesh, cleanses
the filth of the bones.

_Trochisci Musæ._ Galen.

_College._] Take of Alum, Aloes, Copperas, Myrrh, of each six drams,
Crocomagma, Saffron, of each three drams, Pomegranate flowers half an
ounce, Wine and Honey, of each so much as is sufficient to make it up
into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] Their use is the same with the former.

_Crocomagma of Damocrates._ Galen.

_College._] Take of Saffron an hundred drams, red Roses, Myrrh, of each
fifty drams, white Starch, Gum, of each thirty drams, Wine, so much as
is sufficient to make it into troches.

_Culpeper._] It is very expulsive, heats and strengthens the heart and
stomach.

_Trochisci Ramich._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of the juice of Sorrel sixteen ounces, red Rose
Leaves, an ounce, Myrtle Berries two ounces, boil them a little
together, and strain them, add to the decoction, Galls well beaten,
three ounces, boil them again a little, then put in these following
things, in fine powder: take of red Roses an ounce, yellow Sanders,
ten drams, Gum Arabic an ounce and an half, Sumach, Spodium, of each
an ounce, Myrtle berries four ounces, Wood of Aloes, Cloves, Mace,
Nutmegs, of each half an ounce, sour Grapes seven drams, mix them all
together, and let them dry upon a stone, and grind them again into
powder, and make them into small troches with one dram of Camphire,
and so much Rose Water as is sufficient, and perfume them with fifteen
grains of Musk.

_Culpeper._] They strengthen the stomach, heart, and liver, as also the
bowels, they help the cholic, and fluxes of blood, as also bleeding
at the nose if you snuff up the powder of them, disburden the body of
salt, fretting, choleric humours. You may carry them about you, and
take them at your pleasure.

_Troches of Roses._ Mesue.

_College._] Take of red Roses half an ounce, Wood of Aloes two
drams, Mastich, a dram and an half, Roman Wormwood, Cinnamon, Indian
Spikenard, Cassia Lignea, Schœnanth, of each one dram, old Wine, and
decoction of the five opening roots, so much as is sufficient to make
it into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] They help pains in the stomach, and indigestion, the
illiac passion, hectic fevers, and dropsies, in the beginning, and
cause a good colour.

_Trochisci Diacorallion._ Galen.

_College._] Take of Bole-ammoniac, red Coral, of each an ounce,
Balaustines, Terra Lemnia, white Starch, of each half an ounce,
Hypocistis, the seeds of Henbane, Opium, of each two drams, juice of
Plantain so much as is sufficient to make them into troches according
to art.

_Culpeper._] These also stop blood, help the bloody flux, stop the
menses, and are a great help to such whose stomachs loath their
victuals. I fancy them not.

_Trochisci Diaspermaton._ Galen.

_College._] Take of the seeds of Smallage, and Bishop’s weed, of each
an ounce, Annis and Fennel seeds, of each half an ounce, Opium, Cassia
Lignea, of each two drams, with rain water, make it into troches
according to art.

_Culpeper._] These also bind, ease pain, help the pleurisy.

_Hæmoptoici Pastilli._ Galen.

_College._] Take of white Starch, Balaustines, Earth of Samos, juice
of Hypocystis, Gum, Saffron, Opium, of each two drams, with juice of
Plantain, make them into troches according to art.

_Culpeper._] The operation of this is like the former.

_Troches of Agarick._

_College._] Take of choice Agarick three ounces, Sal. Gem. six drams,
Ginger two drams, with Oxymel simplex, so much as is sufficient, make
it into troches according to art.




OILS.


SIMPLE OILS BY EXPRESSION.

_Oil of Sweet Almonds._

_College._] Take of Sweet Almonds not corrupted, as many as you will,
cast the shells away, and blanch them, beat them in a stone mortar,
beat them in a double vessel, and press out the oil without heat.

_Culpeper._] It helps roughness and soreness of the throat and stomach,
helps pleurisies, encreases seed, eases coughs and hectic fevers,
by injection it helps such whose water scalds them; ulcers in the
bladder, reins, and matrix. You may either take half an ounce of it by
itself, or mix it with half an ounce of Syrup of Violets, and so take
a spoonful at a time, still shaking them together when you take them:
only take notice of this, if you take it inwardly, let it be new drawn,
for it will be sour in three or four days.

_Oil of bitter Almonds._

_College._] It is made like Oil of sweet Almonds, but that you need not
blanch them, nor have such a care of heat in pressing out the oil.

_Culpeper._] It opens stoppings, helps such as are deaf, being dropped
into their ears, it helps the hardness of the nerves, and takes away
spots in the face. It is seldom or never taken inwardly.

_Oil of Hazel Nuts._

_College._] It is made of the Kernels, cleansed, bruised, and beat, and
pressed like Oil of sweet Almonds.

_Culpeper._] You must put them in a vessel (viz. a glass, or some such
thing) and stop them close that the water come not to them when you put
them into the bath. The oil is good for cold afflictions of the nerves,
the gout in the joints, &c.

_College._] So is Oil of Been, Oil of Nutmegs, and Oil of Mace drawn.

_Oleum Caryinum._

_College._] Is prepared of Walnut Kernels, in like manner, save only
that in the making of this sometimes is required dried, old, and rank
Nuts.

_Oleum Chrysomelinum._

_College._] Is prepared in the same manner of Apricots, so is also
Oils of the Kernels of Cherry stones, Peaches, Pine-nuts, Fistic
Nuts, Prunes, the seeds of Oranges, Hemp, Bastard Saffron, Citrons,
Cucumbers, Gourds, Citruls, Dwarf Elder, Henbane, Lettuce, Flax,
Melons, Poppy, Parsley, Radishes, Rape, Ricinum, Sesani, Mustard seed,
and Grape stones.

_Culpeper._] Because most of these Oils are out of use, I took not the
pains to quote the virtues of them; if any wish to make them, let them
look to the simples, and there they have them; if the simples be not to
be found in this book, there are other plentiful medicines conducing to
the cure of all usual diseases; which are—

_Oil of Bays._

_College._] Take of Bay-berries, fresh and ripe, so many as you please,
bruise them sufficiently, then boil them in a sufficient quantity of
water till the Oil swim at top, which separate from the water, and keep
for your use.

_Culpeper._] It helps the cholic, and is a sovereign remedy for any
diseases in any part of the body coming either of wind or cold.

_College._] _Common Oil of Olives_, is pressed out of ripe olives, not
out of the stones. Oil of Olives omphacine, is pressed out of unripe
olives.

_Oil of Yolks of Eggs._

_College._] Boil the yolks till they be hard, and bruise them with
your hand or with a pestle and mortar; beat them in an earthen vessel
glazed until they begin to froth, stirring them diligently that they
burn not, being hot, put them in a linen bag, and sprinkle them with
Aromatic Wine, and press out the oil according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is profitable in fistulas, and malignant ulcers, it
causes the hair to grow, it clears the skin, and takes away deformities
thereof, viz. tetters, ringworms, morphew, scabs.


SIMPLE OILS BY INFUSION AND
DECOCTION.

_Oil of Roses omphacine._

_College._] Take of red Roses before they be ripe, bruised in a stone
mortar, four ounces, oil Omphacine one pound, set them in a hot sun,
in a glass close stopped, a whole week, shaking them every day, then
boil them gently in a bath, press them out, and put in others, use them
in like manner, do so a third time: then keep the Oil upon a pound of
juice of Roses.

_Oil of Roses complete,_

Is made in the same manner, with sweet and ripe oil, often washed, and
red Roses fully open, bruised, set in the sun, and boiled gently in a
double vessel, only let the third infusion stand in the sun forty days,
then keep the roses and oil together.

In the same manner is made Oil of Wormwood, of the tops of common
Wormwood thrice repeated, four ounces, and three pounds of ripe oil;
only, the last time put in four ounces of the juice of Wormwood, which
evaporate away by gentle boiling.

_Oil of Dill_: Of the flowers and leaves of Dill four ounces, complete
oil, one pound, thrice repeated.

_Oil of Castoreum_: Of one ounce of Castoreum oil one pound, Wine four
ounces, which must be consumed with the heat of a bath.

_Oil of Chamomel_ (which more than one call Holy) of complete oil,
and fresh Chamomel flowers, the little white leaves taken away, cut,
bruised, and the vessel covered with a thin linen cloth, set in the
sun, pressed out, and three times repeated.

_Oil of Wall-flowers_, as oil of Dill.

_Oil of Quinces_: Of six parts of oil Omphacine, the meat and juice
of Quinces one part, set them in the sun fifteen days in a glass, and
afterwards boil them four hours in a double vessel, press them out, and
renew them three times.

_Oil of Elecampane_: Of ripe oil, and the roots of Elecampane bruised,
and their juice, of each one part, and of generous Wine half a part,
which is to be evaporated away.

_Oil of Euphorbium_: Of six drams of Euphorbium, Oil of Wall-flowers,
and sweet Wine, of each five ounces, boiling it in a double vessel till
the Wine be consumed.

_Oil of Ants_: Of winged Ants infused in four times their weight of
sweet oil, set in the sun in a glass forty days, and then strain it out.

_Oil, or Balsam of St. John’s Wort simple_, is made of the oil of seeds
beaten and pressed, and the flowers being added, and rightly set in the
sun.

_Oil of Jesmine_, is made of the flowers of Jesmine, put in clear oil,
and set in the sun and afterwards pressed out.

_Oil of Orris_, made of the roots of Orris Florentine one pound,
purple Orris flowers half a pound: boil them in a double vessel in a
sufficient quantity of decoction of Orris Florentine, and six pounds of
sweet oil, putting fresh roots and flowers again and again; the former
being cast away as in oil of Roses.

_Oil of Earthworms_, is made of half a pound of Earthworms washed in
white Wine, ripe Oil two pounds, boiled in a double vessel with eight
ounces of good white Wine till the Wine be consumed.

_Oil of Marjoram_, is made with four ounces of the herb a little
bruised, white Wine six ounces, ripe oil a pound, mixed together, let
them be set in the sun repeated three times; at last boiled to the
consumption of the Wine.

Oil of Mastich, is made of oil of Roses omphacine one pound, Mastich
three ounces, Wine four ounces: boil them in a double vessel to the
consumption of the Wine.

Oil of Melilot is made with the tops of the herb like oil of Chamomel.

Oil of Mints is made of the herb and oil omphacine, as oil of Roses.

Oil of Mirtles, is made of Mirtle berries bruised and sprinkled with
sharp Wine one part, oil omphacine three parts; set it in the sun
twenty-four days, and in the interim thrice renewed, boiled, and the
berries pressed out.

Oil of Daffodils is made as oil of Roses.

Nard Oil is made of three ounces of Spikenard, sweet oil one pound and
an half, sweet white Wine and clear water, of each two ounces and an
half, boiled to the consumption of the moisture.

Oil of Water-lilies, is made of fresh white Water-lily flowers, one
part, oil omphacine three parts, repeating the flowers as in oil of
Roses.

Oil of Tobacco is made of the juice of Tobacco, and common oil, of each
equal parts boiled in a bath.

Oil of Poppies, is made of the flowers, heads, and leaves of garden
Poppies, and oil omphacine, as oil of Dill.

Oil of Poplars, is made of the buds of the Poplar tree three parts,
rich white Wine four parts, sweet oil seven parts; first let the buds
be bruised, then infused in the Wine and oil seven days, then boiled,
then pressed out.

Oil of Rue, is made of the herb bruised, and ripe oil, like oil of
Roses.

Oil of Savin is made in the same manner.

So also is Oil of Elder flowers made.

Oil of Scorpions, is made of thirty live Scorpions, caught when the sun
is in the lion; oil of bitter Almonds two pounds, let them be set in
the sun, and after forty days strained.

Oleum Cicyonium, is made of wild Cucumber roots, and their juice,
of each equal parts; with twice as much ripe oil, boil it to the
consumption of the juice.

Oil of Nightshade, is made of the berries of Nightshade ripe, and one
part boiled in ripe oil, or oil of Roses three parts.

Oil of Styrax, is made of Styrax and sweet white Wine, of each one
part, ripe oil four parts gently boiled till the Wine be consumed.

Oil of Violets, is made of oil omphacine, and Violet flowers, as oil of
Roses.

Oil of Vervain, is made of the herb and oil, as oil of Mints.

_Culpeper._] That most of these Oils, if not all of them, are used only
externally, is certain; and as certain that they retain the virtues of
the simples whereof they are made, therefore the ingenious might help
themselves.


COMPOUND OILS BY INFUSION
AND DECOCTION.

_Oleum Benedictum._
Or Blessed Oil.

_College._] Take of the roots of Carduus and Valerian, of each one
ounce, the flowers of St. John’s Wort two ounces, Wheat one ounce
and an half, old Oil four ounces, Cypress Turpentine eight ounces,
Frankincense in powder two ounces, infuse the roots and flowers, being
bruised, in so much white Wine as is sufficient to cover them, after
two days’ infusion put in the Oil with the Wheat, bruised, boil them
together till the Wine be consumed; then press it out, and add the
Frankincense and Turpentine, then boil them a little, and keep it.

_Culpeper._] It is appropriated to cleanse and consolidate wounds,
especially in the head.

_Oleum de Capparibus._
Or, Oil of Capers.

_College._] Take of the bark of Caper roots an ounce, bark of Tamarisk,
the leaves of the same, the seeds of Agnus Castus, Cetrach, or
Spleenwort, Cypress roots, of each two drams, Rue one dram, oil of
ripe Olives one pound, white Wine Vinegar, and white Wine, of each two
ounces, cut them and steep them, and boil them (two days being elapsed)
gently in a bath, then the Wine and Vinegar being consumed, strain it,
and keep it.

_Culpeper._] The oil is opening, and heating, absolutely appropriated
to the spleen, hardness and pains thereof, and diseases coming of
stoppings there, as hypocondriac melancholy, the rickets, &c.

_Oil of Castoreum compound._

_College._] Take of Castoreum, Styrax Calamitis, Galbanum, Euphorbium,
Opopanax, Cassia Lignea, Saffron, Carpobalsamum or Cubebs, Spikenard,
Costus, of each two drams, Cypress, Squinanth, Pepper long and black,
Savin, Pellitory of Spain, of each two drams and an half, ripe Oil
four pounds, Spanish Wine two pounds, the five first excepted, let the
rest be prepared as they ought to be, and gently boiled in the Oil and
Wine, until the Wine be consumed, mean time the Galbanum, Opopanax, and
Euphorbium beaten in fine powder, being dissolved in part of the Wine,
and strained, let them be exquisitely mixed with it (while the oil is
warm) by often stirring; the boiling being finished, put in the Styrax
and Castoreum.

_Culpeper._] The virtues are the same with the simple.

_Oleum Castinum._

_College._] Take of the roots of bitter Castus two ounces, Cassia
Lignea one ounce, the tops of Marjoram eight ounces, being bruised,
steep them two days in twelve ounces of sweet white Wine; then with
three pounds of sallad oil washed in white Wine, boil it in _Balneo
Mariæ_ till the Wine be consumed.

_Culpeper._] It heats, opens obstructions, strengthens the nerves,
and all nervous parts, as muscles, tendons, ligaments, the ventricle;
besides these, it strengthens the liver, it keeps the hairs from
turning grey, and gives a good colour to the body. I pray you take
notice that this and the following oils, (till I give you warning to
the contrary) are not made to eat.

_Oleum Crocinum,_
Or, Oil of Saffron.

_College._] Take of Saffron, Calamus Aromaticus, of each one ounce,
Myrrh, half an ounce, Cardamoms nine drams, steep them six days, (the
Cardamoms excepted, which are not to be put in till the last day,)
in nine ounces of Vinegar, the day after put in a pound and an half
of washed oil, boil it gently according to art, till the Vinegar, be
consumed, then strain it.

_Culpeper._] It helps pains in the nerves, and strengthens them,
mollifies their hardness, helps pains in the matrix, and causes a good
colour.

_Oil of Euphorbium._

_College._] Take of Stavesacre, Sopewort, of each half an ounce,
Pellitory of Spain six drams, dried Mountain Calamint one ounce and
an half, Castus two drams, Castoreum five drams, being bruised, let
them be three days steeped in three pounds and an half of Wine, boil
them with a pound and an half of Oil of Wall-flowers, adding half an
ounce of Euphorbium, before the Wine be quite consumed, and so boil it
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It hath the same virtue, only something more effectual
than the simple.

_Oleum Excestrense,_
Or, Oil of Exeter.

_College._] Take of the leaves of Wormwood, Centaury the less,
Eupatorium, Fennel, Hyssop, Bays, Marjoram, Bawm, Nep, Pennyroyal,
Savin, Sage, Thyme, of each four ounces, Southernwood, Betony,
Chamepitys, Lavender, of each six ounces, Rosemary one pound, the
flowers of Chamomel, Broom, white Lilies, Elders, the seeds of Cummin,
and Fenugreek, the roots of Hellebore black and white, the bark of
Ash and Lemons, of each four ounces, Euphorbium, Mustard, Castoreum,
Pellitory of Spain, of each an ounce, Oil sixteen pounds, Wine three
pounds, the herbs, flowers, seeds, and Euphorbium being bruised, the
roots, barks, and Castoreum cut, all of them infused twelve hours in
the Wine and Oil, in a warm bath, then boiled with a gentle fire, to
the consumption of the Wine and moisture, strain the Oil and keep it.

_Culpeper._] Many people by catching bruises when they are young, come
to feel it when they are old: others by catching cold, catch a lameness
in their limbs, to both which I commend this sovereign oil to bathe
their grieved members with.

_Oleum Hirundinum,_
Or, Oil of Swallows.

_College._] Take of whole Swallows sixteen, Chamomel, Rue, Plantain the
greater and lesser, Bay leaves, Pennyroyal, Dill, Hyssop, Rosemary,
Sage, Saint John’s Wort, Costmary, of each one handful, common Oil four
pounds, Spanish Wine one pound, make it up according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former are appropriated to old bruises
and pains thereof coming, as also to sprains.

_Oleum Hyperici compositum._
Or, Oil of St. John’s Wort compound.

_College._] Take of the tops of St. John’s Wort four ounces, steep them
three whole days in a pound of old Sallad Oil, in the heat either of
a bath, or of the sun, then press them out, repeat the infusion the
second or third time, then boil them till the wine be almost consumed,
press them out, and by adding three ounces of Turpentine, and one
scruple of Saffron, boil it a little and keep it.

_Culpeper._] See the simple oil of St. John’s Wort, than which this is
stronger.

_Oleum Hyperici magis compositum._
Or, Oil of St. John’s Wort more compound.

_College._] Take of white Wine three pounds, tops of St. John’s Wort
ripe and gently bruised, four handfuls, steep them two days in a glass,
close stopped, boil them in a bath, and strain them strongly, repeat
the infusion three times, having strained it the third time, add to
every pound of decoction, old Oil four pounds, Turpentine six ounces,
oil of Wormwood three ounces, Dittany, Gentian, Carduus, Tormentil,
Carline, or Cordus Maria, Calamus Aromaticus, all of them bruised, of
each two drams, Earth-worms often washed in white Wine two ounces, set
it in the sun five or six weeks, then keep it close stopped.

_Culpeper._] Besides the virtue of the simple oil of St. John’s Wort,
which this performs more effectually, it is an excellent remedy for old
bruises, aches, and sprains.

_Oleum Irinum,_
Or, Oil of Orris.

_College._] Take of the roots of Orris Florentine, three pounds four
ounces, the flowers of purple Orris fifteen ounces, Cypress roots six
ounces, of Elecampane three ounces, of Alkanet two ounces, Cinnamon,
Spikenard, Benjamin, of each one ounce: let all of them, being bruised
as they ought to be, be steeped in the sun, or other hot place, in
fifteen pounds of old oil, and four pounds and an half of clear water,
after the fourth day, boil them in Balneo Mariæ, the water being
consumed, when it is cold, strain it and keep it.

_Culpeper._] The effects are the same with the simple, only ’tis
stronger.

_Oleum Marjoranæ._
Or, Oil of Marjoram.

_College._] Take of Marjoram four handfuls, Mother of Thyme two
handfuls, the leaves and berries of Myrtles one handful, Southernwood,
Water Mints, of each half an handful, being cut, bruised, and put in
a glass, three pounds of Oil Omphacine being put to it, let it stand
eight days in the sun, or in a bath, close stopped, then strain it out,
in the oil put in fresh simples, do so the third time, the oil may be
perfected according to art.

_Culpeper._] It helps weariness and diseases of the brain and nerves,
coming of cold; it helps the dead palsy, the back (viz. the region
along the back bone) being anointed with it; being snuffed up in the
nose, it helps _Spasmus cynicus_, which is a wrying the mouth aside;
it helps noise in the ears being dropped into them, it provokes
the menses, and helps the biting of venomous beasts; it is a most
gallant oil to strengthen the body, the back being anointed with it;
strengthens the muscles, they being chafed with it; helps head-ache,
the forehead being rubbed with it.

_Moschelæum,_
Or, Oil of Musk.

_College._] Take two Nutmegs, Musk one dram, Indian leaf or Mace,
Spikenard, Costus, Mastich, of each six drams, Styrax Calamitis, Cassia
Lignea, Myrrh, Saffron, Cinnamon, Cloves, Carpobalsamum or Cubebs,
Bdellium, of each two drams, pure Oil three pounds, Wine three ounces,
bruise them as you ought to do, mix them, and let them boil easily,
till the Wine be consumed, the Musk being mixed according to art after
it is strained.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good against all diseases of cold,
especially those of the stomach, it helps diseases of the sides, they
being anointed with it, the stranguary, cholic, and vices of the
nerves, and afflictions of the reins.

_Oleum Nardinum._
Or, Oil of Nard.

_College._] Take of Spikenard three ounces, Marjoram two ounces, Wood
of Aloes, Calamus Aromaticus, Elecampane, Cypress, Bay leaves, Indian
leaf or Mace, Squinanth, Cardamoms, of each one ounce and a half,
bruise them all grossly, and steep them in water and wine, of each
fourteen ounces, Oil of Sesamin, or oil of Olives, four pounds and
an half, for one day: then perfect the oil by boiling it gently in a
double vessel.

_Oleum Populeum._ Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of fresh Poplar buds three pounds, Wine four pounds,
common Oil seven pounds two ounces, beat the Poplar buds very well,
then steep them seven days in the oil and wine, then boil them in a
double vessel till the wine be consumed, (if you infuse fresh buds once
or twice before you boil it, the medicine will be the stronger,) then
press out the oil and keep it.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cool oil, but the ointment called by that
name which follows hereafter is far better.


OINTMENTS MORE SIMPLE.

_Unguentum album,_
Or, white Ointment.

_College._] Take of Oil of Roses nine ounces, Ceruss washed in
Rose-water and diligently sifted, three ounces, white Wax two ounces,
after the wax is melted in the oil, put in the Ceruss, and make it
into an ointment according to art, add two drams of Camphire, made
into powder with a few drops of oil of sweet Almonds, so will it be
camphorated.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling, drying ointment, eases pains, and
itching in wounds and ulcers, and is an hundred times better with
Camphire than without it.

_Unguentum Egyptiacum._

_College._] Take of Verdigris finely powdered, five parts, Honey
fourteen parts, sharp Vinegar seven parts, boil them to a just
thickness, and a reddish colour.

_Culpeper._] It cleanses filthy ulcers and fistulas forcibly, and not
without pain, it takes away dead and proud flesh, and dries.

_Unguentum Anodynum._
Or, an Ointment to ease pain.

_College._] Take of Oil of white Lilies, six ounces, Oil of Dill, and
Chamomel, of each two ounces, Oil of sweet Almonds one ounce, Duck’s
grease, and Hen’s grease, of each two ounces, white Wax three ounces,
mix them according to art.

_Culpeper._] Its use is to assuage pains in any part of the body,
especially such as come by inflammations, whether in wounds or tumours,
and for that it is admirable.

_Unguentum ex Apio._
Or, Ointment of Smallage.

_College._] Take of the juice of Smallage one pound, Honey nine ounces,
Wheat flower three ounces, boil them to a just thickness.

_Culpeper._] It is a very fine, and very gentle cleanser of wounds and
ulcers.

_Liniment of Gum Elemi._

_College._] Take of Gum Elemi, Turpentine of the Fir-tree, of each one
ounce and an half, old Sheep’s Suet cleansed two ounces, old Hog’s
grease cleansed one ounce: mix them, and make them into an ointment
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It gently cleanses and fills up an ulcer with flesh, it
being of a mild nature, and friendly to the body.

_Unguentum Aureum._

_College._] Take of yellow Wax half a pound, common Oil two pounds,
Turpentine two ounces, Pine Rozin, Colophonia, of each one ounce and an
half, Frankincense, Mastich, of each one ounce, Saffron one dram, first
melt the wax in the oil, then the Turpentine being added, let them boil
together; having done boiling, put in the rest in fine powder, (let
the Saffron be the last) and by diligent stirring, make them into an
ointment according to art.

_Basilicon, the greater._

_College._] Take of white Wax, Pine Rozin, Heifer’s Suet, Greek Pitch,
Turpentine, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each one ounce, Oil five ounces,
powder the Olibanum and Myrrh, and the rest being melted, make it into
an ointment according to art.

_Basilicon, the less._

_College._] Take of yellow Wax, fat Rozin, Greek Pitch, of each half a
pound, Oil nine ounces: mix them together, by melting them according to
art.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former, heat, moisten, and digest,
procure matter in wounds, I mean brings the filth or corrupted blood
from green wounds: they clense and ease pain.

_Ointment of Bdellium._

_College._] Take of Bdellium six drams, Euphorbium, Sagapen, of each
four drams, Castoreum three drams, Wax fifteen drams, Oil of Elder or
Wall-flowers, ten drams, the Bdellium, and Sagapen being dissolved in
water of wild Rue, let the rest be united by the heat of a bath.

_Unguentum de Calce._
Or, Ointment of Chalk.

_College._] Take of Chalk washed, seven times at least, half a pound,
Wax three ounces, Oil of Roses one pound, stir them all together
diligently in a leaden mortar, the wax being first melted by a gentle
fire in a sufficient quantity of the prescribed oil.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good in burnings and scaldings.

_Unguentum Dialthæ._
Or, Ointment of Marsh-mallows.

_College._] Take of common Oil four pounds, mussilage of Marsh-mallow
roots, Linseed, and Fenugreek seed two pounds: boil them together till
the watery part of the mussilage be consumed, then add Wax half a pound,
Rozin three ounces, Turpentine an ounce, boil them to the consistence
of an ointment, but let the mussilage be prepared of a pound of fresh
roots bruised, and half a pound of each of the seeds steeped, and
boiled in eight pounds of spring water, and then pressed out. _See the
compound._

_Unguentum Diapompholygos._

_College._] Take of Oil of Nightshade sixteen ounces, white Wax,
washed, Ceruss, of each four drams, Lead burnt and washed, Pompholix
prepared, of each two ounces, pure Frankincense one ounce: bring them
into the form of an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] This much differing from the former, you shall have that
inserted at latter end, and then you may use which you please.

_Unguentum Enulatum._
Or, Ointment of Elecampane.

_College._] Take of Elecampane roots boiled in Vinegar, bruised and
pulped, one pound, Turpentine washed in their decoction, new Wax, of
each two ounces, old Hog’s grease salted ten ounces, old oil four
ounces, common salt one ounce, add the Turpentine to the grease, wax,
and oil, being melted, as also the pulp and salt being finely powdered,
and so make it into an ointment according to art.

_Unguentum Enulatum cum Mercurio._
Or, Ointment of Elecampane with Quick-silver,

_College._] Is made of the former ointment, by adding two ounces of
Quick-silver, killed by continual stirring, not only with spittle, or
juice of Lemons, but with all the Turpentine kept for that intent, and
part of the grease, in a stone mortar.

_Culpeper._] My opinion of this ointment, is (briefly) this: It was
invented for the itch, without quick-silver it will do no good, with
quick-silver it may do harm.

_Unguentum Laurinum commune._
Or, Ointment of Bays common.

_College._] Take of Bay leaves bruised one pound, Bay berries bruised
half a pound, Cabbage leaves four ounces, Neat’s-foot Oil five pounds,
Bullock’s suet two pounds, boil them together, and strain them, that so
it may be made into an ointment according to art.

_Unguentum de minie sive rubrum Camphora._
Or, Ointment of red Lead.

_College._] Take of Oil of Roses one pound and an half, red Lead three
ounces, Litharge two ounces, Ceruss one ounce and an half, Tutty three
drams, Camphire two drams, Wax one ounce and an half, make it into an
ointment according to art, in a pestle and mortar made of Lead.

_Culpeper._] This ointment is as drying as a man shall usually read
of one, and withal cooling, therefore good for sores, and such as are
troubled with defluctions.

_Unguentum e Nicotiona, seu Peto._
Or, Ointment of Tobacco.

_College._] Take of Tobacco leaves bruised, two pounds, steep them a
whole night in red Wine, in the morning boil it in fresh Hog’s grease,
diligently washed, one pound, till the Wine be consumed, strain it, and
add half a pound of juice of Tobacco, Rozin four ounces, boil it to the
consumption of the juice, adding towards the end, round Birthwort roots
in powder, two ounces, new Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into
an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It would take a whole summer’s day to write the particular
virtues of this ointment, and my poor _Genius_ is too weak to give it
the hundredth part of its due praise: It cures tumours, imposthumes,
wounds, ulcers, gun-shot, stinging with nettles, bees, wasps, hornets,
venomous beasts, wounds made with poisoned arrows, &c.

_Unguentum Nutritum, seu Trifarmacum._

_College._] Take of Litharge of Gold finely powdered, half a pound,
Vinegar one pound, Oil of Roses two pounds, grind the Litharge in
a mortar, pouring to it sometimes Oil, sometimes Vinegar, till by
continual stirring, the Vinegar do no more appear, and it come to a
whitish ointment.

_Culpeper._] It is of a cooling, drying nature, good for itching of
wounds, and such like deformities of the skin.

_Unguentum Ophthalmicum._
Or, An Ointment for the Eyes.

_College._] Take of Bole-ammoniac washed in Rose water, one ounce,
Lapis Calaminaris washed in Eye bright Water, Tutty prepared, of each
two drams, Pearls in very fine powder half a dram, Camphire half a
scruple, Opium five grains, fresh Butter washed in Plantain Water, as
much as is sufficient to make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is exceeding good to stop hot rheums that fall down
into the eyes, the eyelids being but anointed with it.

_Unguentum ex Oxylapatho._
Or, Ointment of sharp-pointed Dock.

_College._] Take of the roots of sharp-pointed Dock boiled in Vinegar
until they be soft, and then pulped, Brimstone washed in juice of
Lemons, of each one ounce and an half, Hog’s grease often washed in
juice of Scabious, half a pound, Unguentum Populeon washed in juice of
Elecampane, half an ounce: make them into an ointment in a mortar.

_Culpeper._] It is a wholesome, though troublesome medicine for scabs
and itch.

_Unguentum e Plumbo._
Or, Ointment of Lead.

_College._] Take of Lead burnt according to art, Litharge, of each two
ounces, Ceruss, Antimony, of each one ounce, Oil of Roses as much as is
sufficient: make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] Take it one time with another, it will go neer to do more
harm than good.

_Unguentum Pomatum._

_College._] Take of fresh Hog’s grease three pounds, fresh Sheep’s suet
nine ounces, Pomewater pared and cut, one pound and nine ounces, Damask
Rose-water six ounces, the roots of Orris Florentine grossly bruised
six drams, boil them in _Balneo Mariæ_ till the Apples be soft, then
strain it, but press it not and keep it for use; then warm it a little
again and wash it with fresh Rose-water, adding to each pound twelve
drops of oil of _Lignum Rhodium_.

_Culpeper._] Its general use is, to soften and supple the roughness of
the skin, and take away the chops of the lips, hands, face, or other
parts.

_Unguentum Potabile._

_College._] Take of Butter without salt, a pound and an half,
Spermaceti, Madder, Tormentil roots, Castoreum, of each half an ounce:
boil them as you ought in a sufficient quantity of Wine, till the Wine
be consumed, and become an ointment.

_Culpeper._] I know not what to make of it.

_Unguentum Resinum._

_College._] Take of Pine Rozin, or Rozin of the Pine-tree, of the
purest Turpentine, yellow Wax washed, pure Oil, of each equal parts:
melt them into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is as pretty a Cerecloth for a new sprain as most is,
and cheap.

_Unguentum Rosatum._
Or, Ointment of Roses.

_College._] Take of fresh Hog’s grease cleansed a pound, fresh red
Roses half a pound, juice of the same three ounces, make it into an
ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is of a fine cooling nature, exceeding useful in all
gallings of the skin, and frettings, accompanied with choleric humours,
angry pushes, tetters, ringworms, it mitigates diseases in the head
coming of heat, as also the intemperate heat of the stomach and liver.

_Desiccativum Rubrum._
Or, a drying Red Ointment.

_College._] Take of the oil of Roses omphacine a pound, white Wax five
ounces, which being melted and put in a leaden mortar, put in the Earth
of Lemnos or Bole-ammoniac, Lapis Calaminaris, of each four ounces,
Litharge of Gold, Ceruss, of each three ounces, Camphire one dram,
make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It binds and restrains fluxes of humours.

_Unguentum e Solano._
Or, Ointment of Nightshade.

_College._] Take of juice of Nightshade, Litharge washed, of each
five ounces, Ceruss washed eight ounces, white Wax seven ounces,
Frankincense in powder ten drams, oil of Roses often washed in water
two pounds, make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It was invented to take away inflammations from wounds,
and to keep people from scratching of them when they are almost well.

Or, Ointment of Tutty.

_College._] Take of Tutty prepared two ounces, Lapis Calaminaris often
burnt and quenched in Plantain Water an ounce, make them, being finely
powdered, into an ointment, with a pound and an half of ointment of
Roses.

_Culpeper._] It is a cooling, drying ointment, appropriated to the
eyes, to dry up hot and salt humours that flow down thither, the
eyelids being anointed with it.

_Valentia Scabiosæ._

_College._] Take of the juice of green Scabious, pressed out with a
screw, and strained through a cloth, Hog’s grease, of each as much
as you will, heat the Hog’s grease in a stone mortar, not grind it,
putting in the juice by degrees for the more commodious mixture and
tincture, afterwards set it in the sun in a convenient vessel, so as
the juice may overtop the grease, nine days being passed, pour off the
discoloured juice, and beat it again as before, putting in fresh juice,
set it in the sun again five days, which being elapsed, beat it again,
put in more juice, after fifteen days more, do so again, do so five
times, after which, keep it in a glass, or glazed vessel.

_Tapsivalentia._

_College._] Take of the juice of Mullen, Hog’s grease, of each as much
as you will, let the grease be cleansed and cut in pieces, and beat it
with the juice, pressed and strained as you did the former ointment,
then keep it in a convenient vessel nine or ten days, then beat it
twice, once with fresh juice, until it be green, and the second time
without juice beaten well, pouring off what is discoloured, and keep it
for use.

_Tapsimel._

_College._] Take of the juice of Celandine and Mullen, of each one
part, clarified Honey, two parts, boil them by degrees till the juice
be consumed, adding (the physician prescribing) Vitriol, burnt Alum,
burnt Ink, and boil it again to an ointment according to art.


OINTMENTS MORE COMPOUND.

_Unguentum Agrippa._

_College._] Take of Briony roots two pounds, the roots of wild
Cucumbers one pound, Squills half a pound, fresh English Orris roots,
three ounces, the roots of male Fern, dwarf Elder, water Caltrops, or
Aaron, of each two ounces, bruise them all, being fresh, and steep them
six or seven days in four pounds of old oil, the whitest, not rank,
then boil them and press them out, and in the oil melt fifteen ounces
of white Wax, and make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It purges exceedingly, and is good to anoint the bellies
of such as have dropsies, and if there be any humour or flegm in any
part of the body that you know not how to remove (provided the part be
not too tender) you may anoint it with this; but yet be not too busy
with it, for I tell you plainly it is not very safe.

_Unguentum Amarum._
Or, A bitter Ointment.

_College._] Take of Oil of Rue, Savin, Mints, Wormwood, bitter Almonds,
of each one ounce and an half, juice of Peach flowers and leaves, and
Wormwood, of each half an ounce, powder of Rue, Mints, Centaury the
less, Gentian, Tormentil, of each one dram, the seeds of Coleworts, the
pulp of Colocynthis, of each two drams, Aloes Hepatic, three drams,
meal of Lupines half an ounce, Myrrh washed in Grass water a dram and
an half, Bull’s Gall an ounce and an half, with a sufficient quantity
of juice of Lemons, and an ounce and an half of Wax, make it into an
ointment according to art.

_Unguentum Apostolorum._
Or, Ointment of the Apostles.

_College._] Take of Turpentine, yellow Wax, Ammoniacum, of each
fourteen drams, long Birthwort roots, Olibanum, Bdellium, of each six
drams, Myrrh, Gilbanum, of each half an ounce, Opopanax, Verdigris, of
each two drams, Litharge nine drams, Oil two pounds, Vinegar enough to
dissolve the Gums, make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It consumes corrupt and dead flesh, and makes flesh soft
which is hard, it cleanses wounds, ulcers, and fistulas, and restores
flesh where it is wanting.

_Unguentum Catapsoras._

_College._] Take of Ceruss washed in Purslain water, then in Vinegar
wherein wild Rhadish roots have been steeped and pressed out, Lapis
Calaminaris, Chalcitis, of each six drams, burnt Lead, Goat’s blood,
of each half an ounce, Quick-silver sublimated an ounce, the juice
of Houseleek, Nightshade, Plantain, of each two ounces, Hog’s grease
cleansed three pounds, Oil of Violets, Poppies, Mandrakes, of each an
ounce: first let them sublimate and exungia, then the oils, juices, and
powders, be mixed, and so made into an ointment according to art.

_Unguentum Citrinum._
Or, A Citron Ointment.

_College._] Take of Borax an ounce, Camphire a dram, white Coral half
an ounce, Alum Plume an ounce, Umbilicus Marinus, Tragacanth, white
Starch, of each three drams, Crystal, Dentalis Utalis, Olibanum, Niter,
white Marble, of each two drams, Gersa Serpentaria an ounce, Ceruss
six ounces, Hog’s grease not salted, a pound and an half, Goat’s suet
prepared, an ounce and an half, Hen’s fat two ounces and an half.
Powder the things as you ought to do both together, and by themselves,
melt the fats being cleansed in a stone vessel, and steep in them two
Citrons of a mean bigness cut in bits, in a warm bath, after a whole
week strain it, and put in the powders by degrees, amongst which let
the Camphire and Borax be the last, stir them, and bring them into the
form of an ointment.

_Unguentum Martiatum._

_College._] Take of fresh Bay leaves three pounds, Garden Rue two
pounds and an half, Marjoram two pounds, Mints a pound, Sage, Wormwood,
Costmary, Bazil, of each half a pound, Sallad Oil twenty pounds, yellow
Wax four pounds, Malaga Wine two pounds, of all of them being bruised,
boiled, and pressed out as they ought, make an ointment according to
art.

_Culpeper._] It is a great strengthener of the head, it being anointed
with it; as also of all the parts of the body, especially the nerves,
muscles, and arteries.

_Unguentum Mastichinum._
Or, An Ointment of Mastich.

_College._] Take of the Oil of Mastich, Wormwood, and Nard, of each an
ounce, Mastich, Mints, red Roses, red Coral, Cloves, Cinnamon, Wood of
Aloes, Squinanth, of each a dram, wax as much as is sufficient to make
it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] This is like the former, and not a whit inferior to it;
it strengthens the stomach being anointed with it, restores appetite
and digestion. Before it was called a stomach ointment.

_Unguentum Neapolitanum._

_College._] Take of Hog’s grease washed in juice of Sage a pound,
Quick-silver strained through leather, four ounces, oil of Bays,
Chamomel, and Earthworms, of each two ounces, Spirit of Wine an ounce,
yellow Wax two ounces, Turpentine washed in juice of Elecampane three
ounces, powder of Chamepitys and Sage, of each two drams, make them
into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] A learned art to spoil people: hundreds are bound to curse
such ointments, and those that appoint them.

_Unguentum Nervinum._

_College._] Take of Cowslips with the flowers, Sage, Chamepitys,
Rosemary, Lavender, Bay with the berries, Chamomel, Rue, Smallage,
Melilot with the flowers, Wormwood, of each a handful, Mints, Betony,
Pennyroyal, Parsley, Centaury the less, St. John’s Wort, of each a
handful, oil of Sheep’s or Bullock’s feet, five pounds, oil of Spike,
half an ounce, Sheep’s or Bullock’s Suet, or the Marrow of either, two
pounds: the herbs being bruised and boiled with the oil and suet, make
it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is appropriated to the nerves, and helps their
infirmities coming of cold, as also old bruises, make use of it in dead
palsies, chilliness or coldness of particular members, such as the
arteries perform not their office to as they ought; for wind anoint
your belly with it; for want of digestion, your stomach; for the
cholic, your belly; for whatever disease in any part of the body comes
of cold, esteem this as a jewel.

_Unguentum Pectorale._
Or, A Pectoral Ointment.

_College._] Take of fresh Butter washed in Violet Water six ounces,
oil of Sweet Almonds four ounces, oil of Chamomel and Violets, white
Wax, of each three ounces, Hen’s and Duck’s grease, of each two ounces,
Orris roots two drams, Saffron half a dram: The two last being finely
powdered, the rest melted and often washed in Barley or Hyssop water,
make an ointment of them according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the breast and stomach, eases the pains
thereof, helps pleurises and consumptions of the lungs, the breast
being anointed with it.

_Unguentum Resumptivum._

_College._] Take of Hog’s grease three ounces, the grease of Hen’s,
Geese, and Ducks, of each two ounces, Oesipus half an ounce, oil of
Violets, Chamomel, and Dill, fresh Butter a pound, white Wax six
ounces, mussilage of Gum Tragacanth, Arabic, Quince seeds, Lin-seeds,
Marsh-mallow roots, of each half an ounce. Let the mussilages be made
in Rose water, and adding the rest, make it into an ointment according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It mightily molifies without any manifest heat, and is
therefore a fit ointment for such as have agues, asthmas, hectic
fevers, or consumptions. It is a good ointment to ease pains coming
by inflammations of wounds or aposthumes, especially such as dryness
accompanies, an infirmity wounded people are many times troubled with.
In inward aposthumes, as pleurises, one of them to anoint the external
region of the part, is very beneficial.

_Unguentum Splanchnicum._

_College._] Take of oil of Capers an ounce, oil of white Lillies,
Chamomel, fresh Butter, juice of Briony and Sowbread, of each half
an ounce, boil it to the consumption of the juice, add Ammoniacum
dissolved in Vinegar, two drams and an half, Hen’s grease, Oesypus,
Marrow of a Calf’s Leg, of each half an ounce, powder of the bark
of the roots of Tamaris and Capers, Fern roots, Cetrach, of each a
dram, the seeds of Agnus Castuus, and Broom, of each a scruple, with a
sufficient quantity of Wax, make it into an ointment according to art.

_Unguentum Splanchnicum Magistrale._

_College._] Take of the bark of Caper roots six drams, Briony roots,
Orris Florentine, powder of sweet Fennel seeds, Ammoniacum dissolved in
Vinegar, of each half an ounce, tops of Wormwood, Chamomel flowers, of
each a dram, ointment of the juice and of flowers of Oranges, of each
six drams, oil of Orris and Capers, of each an ounce and an half: the
things which ought being powdered and sifted, the rest diligently mixed
in a hot mortar, make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both these ointments are appropriated to the spleen, and
eases the pains thereof, the sides being anointed with them. I fancy
not the former.

_Unguentum e Succis._
Or, Ointment of Juices.

_College._] Take of the juice of Dwarf-Elder eight ounces, of Smallage
and Parsley, of each four ounces, Wormwood and Orris, of each five
ounces, common Oil half a pound, oil of white Lilies ten ounces, of
Wormwood and Chamomel, of each six ounces, the fat of Ducks and Hens,
of each two ounces, boil them together with a gentle fire till the
juice be consumed, then strain it, and with seven ounces of white Wax,
and a little white Wine Vinegar, make it into an ointment according to
art.

See Unguentum ex Succis Aperitivis.

_Unguentum Sumach._

_College._] Take of Sumach, unripe Galls, Myrtle berries, Balaustines,
Pomegranate Pills, Acorn Cups, Cypress Nuts, Acacia, Mastich, of each
ten drams, white Wax five ounces, oil of Roses often washed in Alum
water, a pound and ten ounces, make a fine powder of the things you
can, and steep them four whole days in juice of Medlars and Services,
of each a sufficient quantity, then dry them by a gentle fire, and with
the oil and wax boil it into an ointment.

_Culpeper._] It is a gallant drying and binding ointment. Besides, the
stomach anointed with it, stays vomiting, and the belly anointed with
it stays looseness, if the fundament fall out, when you have put it up
again anoint it with this ointment, and it will fall out no more. Do
the like by the womb if that fall out.

_Ointment of Marsh-mallows, compound._
Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of Marsh-mallow roots two pounds, the seeds of Flax
and Fœnugreek, of each one pound, pulp of Squills half a pound, Oil
four pounds, Wax one pound, Turpentine, Gum of Ivy, Galbanum, of each
two ounces, Colophonia, Rozin, of each half a pound: Let the roots
be well washed and bruised, as also the Linseed, Fœnugreek seed, and
Squills, then steep them three days in eight pints of water, the fourth
day boil them a little upon the fire, and draw out the mussilage, of
which take two pounds, and boil it with the oil to the consumption of
the juice, afterwards add the Wax, Rozin, and Colophonia, when they
are melted, add the Turpentine, afterwards the Galbanum and Gum of
Ivy, dissolved in Vinegar, boil them a little, and having removed them
from the fire, stir them till they are cold, that so they may be well
incorporated.

_Culpeper._] It heats and moistens, helps pains of the breast coming of
cold and pleurises, old aches, and stitches, and softens hard swellings.

_Unguentum Diapompholigos nihili._
Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of Oil of Roses sixteen ounces, juice of Nightshade
six ounces, let them boil to the consumption of the juice, then add
white Wax five ounces, Ceruss washed two ounces, Lead burnt and
washed, Pompholix prepared, pure Frankincense, of each an ounce, let
them be brought into the form of an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] It cools and binds, drys, and stays fluxes, either of
blood or humours in wounds, and fills hollow ulcers with flesh.

_Unguentum Refrigerans._ Galenus.
It is also called a Cerecloath.

_College._] Take of white Wax four ounces, Oil of Roses omphacine one
pound, melt it in a double vessel, then pour it out into another, by
degrees putting in cold water, and often pouring it out of one vessel
into another, stirring it till it be white, last of all wash it in Rose
water, adding a little Rose Water, and Rose Vinegar.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling thing, to cure inflammations in
wounds or tumours.

_Unguentum e Succis Aperitivis primum._
Fœsius.

_College._] Take of the juice of Smallage, Endive, Mints, Wormwood,
common Parsley, Valerian, of each three ounces, oil of Wormwood and
Mints, of each half a pound, yellow Wax three ounces, mix them together
over the fire, and make of them an ointment.

_Culpeper._] It opens stoppages of the stomach and spleen, eases the
rickets, the breast and sides being anointed with it.

_An Ointment for the Worms._ Fœsius.

_College._] Take of oil of Rue, Savin, Mints, Wormwood, and bitter
Almonds, of each an ounce and an half, juice of the flowers or leaves
of Peaches, and Wormwood, of each half an ounce, powder of Rue, Mints,
Gentian, Centaury the less, Tormentil, of each one dram, the seeds of
Coleworts, the pulp of Colocynthis, of each two drams, Aloes Hepatic,
three drams, the meal of Lupines half an ounce, Myrrh washed in grass
water a dram and an half, Bull’s Galls an ounce and an half, with juice
of Lemons, so much as is sufficient, and an ounce and an half of Wax,
make it into an ointment according to art.

_Culpeper._] The belly being anointed with it kills the worms.


CERECLOATHS.

_Ceratum de Galbano._
Or, Cerecloath of Galbanum.

_College._] Take of Galbanum prepared, an ounce and an half, Assafœtida
half an ounce, Bdellium a dram, Myrrh two drams, Wax two ounces, Carrot
seeds a scruple, Featherfew, Mugwort, of each half a dram, dissolve the
Gums in Vinegar, and make it a cerecloath according to art.

_Culpeper._] Being applied to the belly of a woman after labour, it
cleanses her of any relicts accidently left behind, helps the fits of
the mother, and other accidents incident to women in that case.

_Ceratum Oesypatum._

_College._] Take of Oesypus ten ounces, Oil of Chamomel, and Orris,
of each half a pound, yellow Wax two pounds, Rozin a pound, Mastich,
Ammoniacum, Turpentine, of each an ounce, Spikenard two drams and an
half, Saffron a dram and an half, Styrax Calamitis half an ounce, make
them into a cerecloath according to art.

_Culpeper._] It molifies and digests hard swellings of the liver,
spleen, womb, nerves, joints, and other parts of the body, and is a
great easer of pain.

_Ceratum Santalinum._

_College._] Take of red Sanders, ten drams, white and yellow Sanders,
of each six drams, red Roses twelve drams, Bole-ammoniac seven drams,
Spodium four drams, Camphire two drams, white Wax washed thirty drams,
Oil of Roses omphacine six ounces: make it into a cerecloath according
to art.

_Culpeper._] It wonderfully helps hot infirmities of the stomach,
liver, and other parts, being but applied to them.


PLAISTERS.

_Emplastrum ex Ammoniaco._
Or, A Plaister of Ammoniacum.

_College._] Take of Ammoniacum, Bran well sifted, of each an ounce,
Ointment of Marsh-mallows, Melilot plaister compound, roots of Briony,
and Orris in powder, of each half an ounce, the fat of Ducks, Geese,
and Hens, of each three drams, Bdellium, Galbanum, of each one dram and
an half, Per-Rozin, Wax, of each five ounces, oil of Orris, Turpentine,
of each half an ounce, boil the fats and oil with mussilage of
Lin-seed, and Fenugreek seed, of each three ounces, to the consumption
of the mussilage, strain it, and add the Wax, Rozin, and Turpentine,
the ointment of Marsh-mallows with the plaister of Melilot; when it
begins to be cold, put in the Ammoniacum, dissolved in Vinegar, then
the Bdellium in powder, with the rest of the powders, and make it into
a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It softens and assuages hard swellings, and scatters the
humours offending, applied to the side it softens the hardness of the
spleen, assuages pains thence arising.

_Emplastrum e Baccus Lauri._
Or, A Plaister of Bay-berries.

_College._] Take of Bay-berries husked, Turpentine, of each two ounces,
Frankincense, Mastich, Myrrh, of each an ounce, Cypress, Costus, of
each half an ounce, Honey warmed and not scummed, four ounces: make it
into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is an excellent plaister to ease any pains coming of
cold or wind, in any part of the body, whether stomach, liver, belly,
reins, or bladder. It is an excellent remedy for the cholic and wind in
the bowels.

_Emplastrum Barbarum Magnum._

_College._] Take of dry Pitch eight pounds, yellow Wax six pounds and
eight ounces, Per-Rozin five pounds and four ounces, Bitumen, Judaicum,
or Mummy, four pounds, Oil one pound and an half, Verdigris, Litharge,
Ceruss, of each three ounces, Frankincense half a pound, Roach Alum
not burnt, an ounce and an half, burnt, four ounces, Opopanax, scales
of Brass, Galbanum, of each twelve drams, Aloes, Opium, Myrrh, of each
half an ounce, Turpentine two pounds, juice of Mandrakes, or else dried
bark of the root, six drams, Vinegar five pounds: Let the Litharge,
Ceruss, and Oil, boil to the thickness of Honey, then incorporate with
them the Pitch, being melted with Bitumen in powder; then add the rest,
and boil them according to art, till the vinegar be consumed, and it
stick not to your hands.

_Culpeper._] It helps the bitings of men and beasts, eases
inflammations of wounds, and helps infirmities of the joints, and gouts
in the beginning.

_Emplastrum de Betonica._
Or, A Plaister of Betony.

_College._] Take of Betony, Burnet, Agrimony, Sage, Pennyroyal, Yarrow,
Comfrey the greater, Clary, of each six ounces, Frankincense, Mastich,
of each three drams, Orris, round Birthwort, of each six drams, white
Wax, Turpentine, of each eight ounces, Per-Rozin six ounces, Gum Elemi,
Oil of Fir, of each two ounces, white Wine three pounds: bruise the
herbs, boil them in the Wine, then strain them, and add the rest, and
make them into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a good plaister to unite the skull when it is
cracked, to draw out pieces of broken bones, and cover the bones with
flesh: It draws filth from the bottom of deep ulcers, restores flesh
lost, cleanses, digests, and drys.

_Emplastrum Cæsarus._

_College._] Take of red Roses one ounce and an half, Bistort roots,
Cypress Nuts, all the Sanders, Mints, Coriander seeds, of each three
drams, Mastich half an ounce, Hypocistis, Acacia, Dragon’s blood, Earth
of Lemnos, Bole-ammoniac, red Coral, of each two drams, Turpentine
washed in Plantain water four ounces, Oil of Roses three ounces, white
Wax twelve ounces, Per-Rozin ten ounces, Pitch six ounces, the juice
of Plantain, Houseleek, and Orpine, of each an ounce, the Wax, Rozin,
and Pitch being melted together, add the Turpentine and Oil, then the
Hypocistis and Acacia dissolved in the juices, at last the powders, and
make it into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is of a fine, cool, binding, strengthening nature,
excellently good to repel hot rheums or vapours that ascend up to the
head, the hair being shaved off, and it applied to the crown.

_Emplastrum Catagmaticum the first._

_College._] Take of juice of Marsh-mallow roots six ounces, bark of
Ashtree roots, and their leaves, the roots of Comfrey the greater and
smaller with their leaves, of each two ounces, Myrtle Berries an ounce
and an half, the leaves of Willow, the tops of St. John’s Wort, of each
an handful and an half, having bruised them, boil them together in red
Wine, and Smith’s Water, of each two pound, till half be consumed,
strain it, and add Oil of Myrtles, and Roses omphacine, of each one
pound and an half, Goat’s suet eight ounces, boil it again to the
consumption of the decoction, strain it again, and add Litharge of
Gold and Silver, red Lead, of each four ounces, yellow Wax one pound,
Colophonia half a pound, boil it to the consistance of a plaister, then
add Turpentine two ounces, Myrrh, Frankincense, Mastich, of each half
an ounce, Bole-ammoniac, Earth of Lemnos, of each one ounce, stir them
about well till they be boiled, and made into an emplaister according
to art.

_Catagmaticum the second._

_College._] Take of the roots of Comfrey the greater, Marsh-mallows,
Misselto of the Oak, of each two ounces, Plantain, Chamepitys, St.
John’s Wort, of each a handful, boil them in equal parts of black
Wine, and Smith’s Water till half be consumed, strain it, and add
mussilage of Quince seeds made in Tripe water, Oil of Mastich and
Roses, of each four ounces, boil it to the consumption of the humidity,
and having strained it, add Litharge of Gold four ounces, boil it to
the consistence of an emplaister, then add yellow Wax four ounces,
Turpentine three ounces, Colophonia six drams, Ship Pitch ten ounces,
powders of Balaustines, Roses, Myrtles, Acacia, of each half an ounce,
Mummy, Androsamum, Mastich, Amber, of each six drams, Bole-ammoniac
fine flowers, Frankincense, of each twelve drams, Dragon’s blood two
ounces: make it into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the former are binding and drying, the
former rules will instruct you in the use.

_Emplastrum Cephalicum._
Or, A Cephalic Plaister.

_College._] Take of Rozin two ounces, black Pitch one ounce, Labdanum,
Turpentine, flower of Beans, and Orobus, Dove’s dung, of each half an
ounce, Myrrh, Mastich, of each one dram and an half, Gum of Juniper,
Nutmegs, of each two drams, dissolve the Myrrh and Labdanum in a hot
mortar, and adding the rest, make it into a plaister according to art.
If you will have it stronger, add the powders, Euphorbium, Pellitory of
Spain, and black Pepper, of each two scruples.

_Culpeper._] It is proper to strengthen the brain, and repel such
vapours as annoy it, and those powders being added, it dries up the
superfluous moisture thereof, and eases the eyes of hot scalding
vapours that annoy them.

_Emplastrum de Cerussa._
Or, A Plaister of Ceruss.

_College._] Take of Ceruss in fine powder, white Wax, Sallad Oil, of
each three ounces, add the Oil by degrees to the Ceruss, and boil it by
continual stirring over a gentle fire, till it begin to swell, then add
the Wax cut small by degrees, and boil it to its just consistence.

_Culpeper._] It helps burns, dry scabs, and hot ulcers, and in general
whatever sores abound with moisture.

_Emplastrum ex Cicuta cum Ammoniaco._
Or, A Plaister of Hemlock with
Ammoniacum.

_College._] Take of the juice of Hemlock four ounces, Vinegar, of
Squills, and Ammoniacum, of each eight ounces, dissolve the Gum in the
juice and Vinegar, after a due infusion, then strain it into its just
consistence according to art.

_Culpeper._] I suppose it was invented to mitigate the extreme pains,
and allay the inflammations of wounds, for which it is very good: let
it not be applied to any principal part.

_Emplastrum e crusta Panis._
Or, A Plaister of a crust of Bread.

_College._] Take of Mastich, Mints, Spodium, red Coral, all the
Sanders, of each one dram, Oil of Mastich and Quinces, of each one
drain and an half, a crust of Bread toasted, and three times steeped
in red Rose Vinegar, and as often dried, Labdanum, of each two ounces,
Rozin four ounces, Styrax Calamitis half an ounce, Barley meal five
drams: make them into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] I shall commend this for a good plaister to strengthen
the brain as any is in the Dispensatory, the hair being shaved off,
and it applied to the crown; also being applied to the stomach, it
strengthens it, helps digestion, stays vomiting and putrefaction of
the meat there.

_Emplastrum e Cymino._
Or, A Plaister of Cummin.

_College._] Take of Cummin-seed, Bayberries, yellow Wax, of each one
pound, Per-Rozin two pounds, common Rozin three pounds, Oil of Dill
half a pound: mix them, and make them into a plaister.

_Culpeper._] It assuages swellings, takes away old aches coming of
bruises, and applied to the belly, is an excellent remedy for the wind
cholic. This I have often proved, and always with good success.

_Emplastrum Diacalciteos._

_College._] Take of Hog’s grease fresh and purged from the skins two
pounds, oil of Olives omphacine, Litharge of Gold beaten and sifted,
of each three pounds, white Vitriol burnt and purged four ounces: let
the Litharge, grease, and oil boil together with a gentle fire, with
a little Plantain water, always stirring it, to the consistence of a
plaister, into which (being removed from the fire) put in the Vitriol
and make it into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a very drying, binding plaister, profitable in green
wounds to hinder putrefaction, as also in pestilential sores after they
are broken, and ruptures, and also in burnings and scaldings.

_Diachylon simple._

_College._] Take of mussilage of Linseed, Fenugreek seed, Marsh-mallow
roots, of each one pound, old Oil three pounds: boil it to the
consumption of the mussilage, strain it, and add Litharge of Gold in
fine powder, one pound and an half: boil them with a little water over
a gentle fire always stirring them to a just thickness.

_Culpeper._] It is an exceeding good remedy for all swellings without
pain, it softens hardness of the liver and spleen, it is very gentle.

_Diachylon Ireatum._

_College._] Add one ounce of Orris in powder to every pound of
Diachylon simple.

_Diachylon Magnum._

_College._] Take of mussilage of Raisins, fat Figs, Mastich,
Mallow-roots, Linseeds, and Fenugreek-seeds, Bird-lime, the juice of
Orris and Squills, of each twelve drams and an half, Œsypus or oil
of Sheep’s feet an ounce and an half, Oil of Orris, Chamomel, Dill,
of each eight ounces, litharge of Gold in fine powder one pound,
Turpentine three ounces, Per-Rozin, yellow Wax, of each two ounces,
boil the oil with the mussilages and juices to the consumption of the
humidity, strain the oil from the faces, and by adding the Litharge
boil it to its consistence; then add the Rozin and Wax; lastly, it
being removed from the fire, add the Turpentine, Œsypus and Birdlime,
make of them a plaister by melting them according to art.

_Culpeper._] It dissolves hardness and inflammations.

_Diachylon magnum cum Gummi._

_College._] Take of Bdellium, Sagapenum, Amoniacum, of each two ounces,
dissolved in Wine, and added to the mass of Diachylon magnum: first
boil the gums being dissolved, to the thickness of Honey.

_Culpeper._] This is the best to dissolve hard swellings of all the
three.

_Diachylon compositum, sive Emplaistrum e
Mussilaginibus._
Or, A Plaister of Mussilages.

_College._] Take of mussilages of the middle bark of Elm, Marsh-mallow
roots, Linseed, and Fenugreek seed, of each four ounces and an half,
oil of Chamomel, Lilies, and Dill, of each an ounce and an half,
Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Sagapen, Opopanax, of each half an ounce, new Wax
twenty ounces, Turpentine two ounces, Saffron two drams, dissolve the
Gums in Wine, and make it into a plaister according to art.

_Culpeper._] It ripens swellings, and breaks them, and cleanses them
when they are broken. It is of a most excellent ripening nature.

_Emplaistrum Diaphœnicon hot._

_College._] Take of yellow Wax two ounces, Per-Rozin, Pitch, of each
four ounces, Oil of Roses and Nard, of each one ounce, melt them
together, and add pulp of Dates made in Wine four ounces, flesh of
Quinces boiled in red Wine an ounce, then the powders following: take
of Bread twice baked, steeped in Wine and dried, two ounces, Mastich an
ounce, Frankincense. Wormwood, red Roses, Spikenard, of each two drams
and an half, Wood of Aloes, Mace, Myrrh, washed Aloes, Acacia, Troches
of Gallia Moschata, and Earth of Lemnos, Calamus Aromaticus, of each
one dram, Labdanum three ounces, mix them and make them into a plaister
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the stomach and liver exceedingly, helps
fluxes, apply it to the places grieved.

_Diaphœnicon cold._

_College._] Take of Wax four ounces, Ship Pitch five ounces, Labdanum
three ounces and an half, Turpentine an ounce and an half, Oil of Roses
one ounce, melt these, and add pulp of Dates almost ripe, boiled in
austere Wine four ounces, flesh of Quinces in like manner boiled, Bread
twice baked often steeped in red Wine and dried, of each an ounce,
Styrax Calamitis, Acacia, unripe Grapes, Balaustines, yellow Sanders,
troches of Terra Lemnia, Myrrh, Wood of Aloes, of each half an ounce,
Mastich, red Roses, of each an ounce and an half, austere Wine as
much as is sufficient to dissolve the juices, make it into a plaister
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the belly and liver, helps concoction in
those parts, and distribution of humours, stays vomiting and fluxes.

_Emplastrum Divinum._
Or, A Divine Plaster.

_College._] Take of Loadstone four ounces, Ammoniacum three ounces and
three drams, Bdellium two ounces, Galbanum, Myrrh, of each ten drams,
Olibanum nine drams, Opopanax, Mastich, long Birthwort, Verdigris,
of each an ounce, Litharge, common Oil, of each a pound and an half,
new Wax eight ounces: let the Litharge in fine powder be boiled with
the oil to a thickness, then add the Wax, which being melted, take it
from the fire, add the Gums dissolved in Wine and Vinegar, strain it,
then add the Myrrh, Mastich, Frankincense, Birthwort, and Loadstone in
powder, last of all the Verdigris in powder, and make it into a plaster
according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is of a cleansing nature, exceeding good against
malignant ulcers, it consumes corruption, engenders new flesh, and
brings them to a scar.

_Emplastrum Epispasticum._

_College._] Take of Mustard seed, Euphorbium, long Pepper, of each one
dram and an half, Stavesacre, Pellitory of Spain of each two drams,
Ammoniacum, Galbanum, Phellium, Sagapen, of each three drams, whole
Cantharides five drams, Ship Pitch, Rozin, yellow Wax, of each six
drams, Turpentine as much as is sufficient to make it into a plaster.

_Culpeper._] Many people use to draw blisters in their necks for the
tooth ache, or for rheums in their eyes; if they please to lay a
plaster of this there, it will do it.

_Emplastrum a nostratibus, Flos Unguentorum Dictum._
Or, Flower of Ointments.

_College._] Take of Rozin, Per Rozin, yellow Wax, Sheep’s Suet, of each
half a pound, Olibanum four ounces, Turpentine two ounces and an half,
Myrrh, Mastich, of each an ounce, Camphire two drams, white Wine half a
pound, boil them into a plaster.

_Culpeper._] I found this receipt in an old manuscript written in the
year 1513, the quantity of the ingredients very little altered.

_A Plaster of Gum Elemi._

_College._] Take of Gum Elemi three ounces, Per Rozin, Wax, Ammoniacum,
of each two ounces, Turpentine three ounces and an half, Mallaga Wine
so much as is sufficient: boil it to the consumption of the Wine, then
add the Ammoniacum dissolved in Vinegar.

_Culpeper._] The operation is the same with _Arceus_ Liniment.

_A Plaister of Lapis Calaminaris._

_College._] Take of Lapis Calaminaris prepared an ounce, Litharge two
ounces, Ceruss half an ounce, Tutty a dram, Turpentine six drams, white
Wax an ounce and an half, Stag’s Suet two ounces, Frankincense five
drams, Mastich three drams, Myrrh two drams, Camphire a dram and an
half, make it up according to art.

_Emplastrum ad Herniam._

_College._] Take of Galls, Cypress Nuts, Pomegranate Pills,
Balaustines, Acacia, the seeds of Plantain, Fleawort, Water-cresses,
Acorn Cups, Beans torrified, Birth-wort long and round, Myrtles of each
half an ounce. Let these be powdered, and steeped in Rose Vinegar four
days, then torrified and dried, then take of Comfrey the greater and
lesser, Horsetail, Woad, Cetrach, the roots of Osmond Royal, Fearn, of
each an ounce, Frankincense, Myrrh, Aloes, Mastich, Mummy, of each two
ounces, Bole-ammoniac washed in Vinegar, Lap, Calaminaris prepared,
Litharge of Gold, Dragon’s blood, of each three ounces, Ship Pitch two
pounds, Turpentine six ounces, or as much as is sufficient to make it
into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] The plaster is very binding and knitting, appropriated to
ruptures or burstens, as the title of it specifies, it strengthens the
reins and womb, stays abortion, it consolidates wounds, and helps all
diseases coming of cold and moisture.

_Emplastrum Hystericum._

_College._] Take of Bistort roots one pound, Wood of Aloes, yellow
Sanders, Nutmegs, Barberry Kernels, Rose seeds, of each one ounce,
Cinnamon, Cloves, Squinanth, Chamomel flowers, of each half an ounce,
Frankincense, Mastich, Alipta Moschata, Gallia Moschata, Styrax
Calamitis, of each one dram, Mosch half a dram, yellow Wax one pound
and an half, Turpentine half a pound, Moschæleum four ounces, Labdanum
four pounds, Ship Pitch three pounds: let the Labdanum and Turpentine
be added to the Pitch and Wax, being melted, then the Styrax, lastly
the rest in powder, and sifted, that they may be made into a plaster
according to art.

_Culpeper._] The plaster being applied to the navel, is a means to
withstand the fits of the mother in such women as are subject to them,
by retaining the womb in its place.

_Emplastrum de Mastich._
Or, A Plaster of Mastich.

_College._] Take of Mastich three ounces, Bole-ammoniac washed in black
Wine, an ounce and an half, red Roses six drams, Ivory, Myrtle Berries,
red Coral, of each half an ounce, Turpentine, Colophonia, Tachamahacca,
Labdanum, of each two ounces, yellow Wax half a pound, Oil of Myrtles
four ounces: make it into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a binding plaster, strengthens the stomach being
applied to it, and helps such as loath their victuals, or cannot digest
it, or retain it till it be digested.

_Emplastrum de Meliloto Simplex._
Or, A Plaster of Melilot simple.

_College._] Take of Rozin eight pounds, yellow Wax four pounds, Sheep’s
Suet two pounds: these being melted, add green Melilot cut small, five
pounds: make it into a plaster according to art.

_Emplastrum de Meliloto compositum._
Or, A Plaster of Melilot compound.

_College._] Take of Melilot flowers six drams, Chamomel flowers, the
seeds of Fenugreek, Bay berries husked, Marsh-mallow roots, the tops
of Wormwood and Marjoram, of each three drams, the seeds of Smallage,
Ammi, Cardamoms, the roots of Orris, Cypress, Spikenard, Cassia Lignea,
of each one dram and an half, Bdellium five drams: beat them all
into fine powder, the pulp of twelve Figs, and incorporate them with
a pound and an half of Melilot plaster simple, Turpentine an ounce
and an half, Ammoniacum dissolved in Hemlock Vinegar, three ounces,
Styrax five drams, oil of Marjoram, and Nard, of each half an ounce,
or a sufficient quantity, make it into a plaster with a hot mortar and
pestle, without boiling.

_Culpeper._] It mollifies the hardness of the stomach, liver, spleen,
bowels, and other parts of the body: it wonderfully assuages pain, and
eases hypochondriac melancholy, and the rickets.

_Emplastrum de minio compositum._
Or, A Plaster of red Lead compound.

_College._] Take of Oil of Roses omphacine twenty ounces, oil of
Mastich two ounces, Suet of a Sheep and a Calf, of each half a pound,
Litharge of Gold and Silver, red Lead, of each two ounces, a taster
full of Wine: boil them by a gentle fire continually stirring it till
it grow black, let the fire be hottest towards the latter end, then add
Turpentine half a pound, Mastich two ounces, Gum Elemi one ounce, white
Wax as much as is sufficient: boil them a little, and make them into a
plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It potently cures wounds, old malignant ulcers, and is
very drying.

_Emplastrum de minio Simplicius._
Or, A Plaster of red Lead simple.

_College._] Take of red Lead nine ounces, Oil of red Roses one pound
and an half, white Wine Vinegar six ounces, boil it into the perfect
body of a plaster. It is prepared without Vinegar, thus: take of red
Lead one pound, Oil of Roses one pound and an half, Wax half a pound,
make it into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is a fine cooling healing plaster, and very drying.

_Emplastrum Metroproptoticon._

_College._] Take of Mastich one ounce and an half, Galbanum dissolved
in red Wine and strained, six drams, Cypress Turpentine two drams,
Cypress Nuts, Galls, of each one dram and an half, oil of Nutmegs
by expression one dram, Musk two grains and an half, Pitch scraped
off from old ships two drams and an half; beat the Galbanum, Pitch,
Turpentine, and Mastich gently in a hot mortar and pestle, towards the
end, adding the Oil of Nutmegs, then the rest in powder, last of all
the Musk mixed with a little Oil of Mastich upon a marble, and by exact
mixture make them into a plaster.

_Emplastrum Nervinum._

_College._] Take of Oil of Chamomel and Roses, of each two ounces,
of Mastich, Turpentine, and Linseeds, of each an ounce and an half,
Turpentine boiled four ounces, Rosemary, Bettony, Horsetail, Centaury
the less, of each a handful, Earth-worms washed and cleansed in Wine
three ounces, tops of St. John’s Wort a handful, Mastich, Gum Elemi,
Madder roots, of each ten drams, Ship-pitch, Rozin, of each an ounce
and an half, Litharge of Gold and Silver, of each two ounces and an
half, red Lead two ounces, Galbanum, Sagapen, Ammoniacum, of each three
drams; boil the roots, herbs, and worms, in a pound and an half of Wine
till half be consumed, then press them out, and boil the decoction
again with the Oils, Suets, Litharge, and red Lead, to the consumption
of the Wine: then add the Gums dissolved in Wine, afterwards the
Turpentine, Rozin, Pitch, and Mastich, in powders and make them into a
plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the brain and nerves, and then being
applied to the back, down along the bone, it must needs add strength to
the body.

_Emplastrum Oxycroceum._

_College._] Take of Saffron, Ship-pitch, Colophonia, yellow Wax,
of each four ounces, Turpentine, Galbanum, Ammoniacum, Myrrh,
Olibanum, Mastich, of each one ounce and three drams. Let the Pitch
and Colophonia be melted together, then add the Wax, then (it being
removed from the fire) the Turpentine, afterwards the Gums dissolved in
Vinegar, lastly the Saffron in powder, well mixed with Vinegar, and so
make it into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is of a notable softening and discussing quality, helps
broken bones, and any part molested with cold, old aches, stiffness of
the limbs by reason of wounds, ulcers, fractures, or dislocations, and
dissipates cold swellings.

_Emplastrum Stephaniaion._

_College._] Take of Labdanum half an ounce, Styrax, Juniper Gum, of
each two drams, Amber, Cypress, Turpentine, of each one dram, red
Coral, Mastich, of each half a dram, the flowers of Sage, red Roses,
the roots of Orris Florentine, of each one scruple, Rozin washed
in Rose-water half an ounce, the Rozin, Labdanum, Juniper Gum, and
Turpentine, being gently beaten in a hot mortar, with a hot pestle,
sprinkling in a few drops of red Wine till they are in a body; then
put in the powders, and by diligent stirring make them into an exact
plaster.

_Emplastrum Sticticum._

_College._] Take of Oil of Olives six ounces, yellow Wax an ounce
and an half, Litharge in powder four ounces and an half, Ammoniacum,
Bdellium, of each half an ounce, Galbanum, Opopanax, Oil of Bays,
Lapis Calaminaris, both sorts of Birthwort, Myrrh, Frankincense,
of each two drams, pure Turpentine an ounce. Let the Oil, Wax, and
Litharge be boiled together till it stick not to your fingers, then
the mass being removed from the fire and cooled a little, and the Gums
dissolved in white Wine Vinegar, which evaporate away by boiling,
strain it strongly, then add the powders, Turpentine, and Oil of Bays,
that it may be made into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the nerves, draws out corruption, takes
away pains and aches, and restores strength to members that have lost
it: the last is most effectual.

_Emplastrum Stomachicum Magistrale._
Or, A Stomach Plaster.

_College._] Take of Mints, Wormwood, Stœchas, Bay leaves, of each a
dram, Marjoram, red Roses, yellow Sanders, of each two drams, Calamus
Aromaticus, Wood of Aloes, Lavender flowers, Nutmegs, Cubebs, Galanga,
long Pepper, Mace, of each a dram, Mastich three drams, Cloves two
drams and an half, Oil of Mints an ounce and an half, Oil of Nard an
ounce, Oil of Spike a dram, Rozin, Wax, of each four ounces, Labdanum
three ounces, Styrax half an ounce: make it into a plaster.

_Culpeper._] Both this and the other of that name which you shall have
by and by, strengthen the stomach exceedingly, help digestion and stay
vomiting.

_Emplastrum Ceroma, or, Ceroneum._
Nich. Alex.

_College._] Take of Pitch scraped from a Ship that hath been a long
time at Sea, yellow Wax, of each seven drams, Sagapenum six drams,
Ammoniacum, Turpentine, Colophonia, Saffron, of each four drams, Aloes,
Olibanum, Myrrh, of each three drams, Styrax Calamitis, Mastich,
Opopanax, Galbanum, Alum, the seeds of Fenugreek, of each two drams,
the settlings or faces of liquid Styrax, Bdellium, of each one dram,
Litharge half a dram.

_Culpeper._] It is of a gentle emolient nature, prevails against
stoppings of the stomach, coming of cold, hardness of the spleen,
coldness of the liver and matrix.

_Emplastrum Gratia Dei._ Nich.
Or, the Grace of God.

_College._] Take of Turpentine half a pound, Rozin one pound, white Wax
four ounces, Mastich an ounce, fresh Betony, Vervain, and Burnet, of
each one handful. Let the herbs, being bruised, be sufficiently boiled
in white Wine, the liquor pressed out, in which let the Wax and Rozin
be boiled to the consumption of the liquor: being taken from the fire,
let the Turpentine be mixed with it; lastly the Mastich in powder, and
so make of them a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is excellent good in wounds and green ulcers, for it
keeps back inflammations, cleanses and joins wounds, fills up ulcers
with flesh.

_Emplastrum de Janua, or of Betony._
Nicholaus.

_College._] Take of the juice of Betony, Plantain, and Smallage, of
each one pound, Wax, Pitch, Rozin, Turpentine, of each half a pound,
boil the Wax and Rozin in the juices with a gentle fire, continually
stirring them till the juice be consumed; then add the Turpentine and
Pitch, continually stirring it till it be brought into the consistence
of a plaster according to art.

_Emplastrum Isis Epigoni._ Galen.

_College._] Take of yellow Wax an hundred drams, Turpentine two hundred
drams, scales of Copper, Verdigris, round Birthwort, Frankincense,
Sal-ammoniac, Ammoniacum, burnt brass of each eight drams, burnt Alum
six drams, Aloes, Myrrh, Galbanum, of each an ounce and a half, old
Oil one pound, sharp Vinegar so much as is sufficient. Let the metals
be dissolved in the sun with the Vinegar, then put in those things
that may be melted, last of all the powders, and make them all into an
emplaster.

_Culpeper._] _Galen_ appropriates it to the head, and ulcers there. I
know no reason but why it may as well serve for other parts of the body.

_A Plaster of Mastich._ Nich. Alex.

_College._] Take of Mastich, Ship Pitch, Sagapenum, Wax, of each
six drams, Ammoniacum, Turpentine, Colophonia, Saffron, Aloes,
Frankincense, Myrrh, of each three drams, Opopanax, Galbanum, Styrax,
Calamitis, Alum, (Rondeletius appoints, and we for him) Bitumen,
Fenugreek, of each two drams, the feces of Liquid Styrax, Bdellium,
Litharge, of each half a dram: Let the Litharge, being beaten into
powder, be boiled in a sufficient quantity of water; then add the
pitch, which being melted, add the Wax and Ammoniacum, afterwards let
the Sagapenum, Opopanax, and Galbanum be put in; then the Styrax and
Feces being mixed with the Turpentine, last of all the Colophonia,
Mastich, Frankincense, Bdellium, Alum, Myrrh, and Fenugreek in powder:
let them be made into a plaster.

_Culpeper._] It strengthens the stomach, and helps digestion.

_Emplastrum Nigrum._ August. Called in
High Dutch _Stichstaster_.

_College._] Take of Colophonia, Rozin, Ship Pitch, white Wax, roman
Vitriol, Ceruss, Olibanum, Myrrh, of each eight ounces, Oil of roses
seven ounces, Oil of Juniper Berries three ounces, Oil of Eggs two
ounces, Oil of Spick one ounce, white Vitriol, red Coral, Mummy, of
each two ounces, Earth of Lemnos, Mastich, Dragon’s blood, of each one
ounce, the fat of an Heron one ounce, the fat of Pimullus three ounces,
Load stone prepared, two ounces, Earthworms prepared, Camphire, of each
one ounce; make them into a plaster according to art.

_Culpeper._] It is very good in green wounds and shootings.




A KEY

TO

GALEN’S METHOD OF PHYSIC.


_The general use of physic._

I SHALL desire thee, whoever thou art, that intendest the noble (though
too much abused) study of physic, to mind heedfully these following
rules; which being well understood, shew thee the Key of _Galen_ and
_Hippocrates_ their method of physic: he that useth their method, and
is not heedful of these rules, may soon cure one disease, and cause
another more desperate.

That thou mayest understand what I intend, it is to discover in a
general way of the manifest virtues of medicines.

I say of the _manifest_ virtues, and qualities, viz. Such as are
obvious to the senses, especially to the taste and smell: for it hath
been the practice of most Physicians, in these latter ages as well as
ours, to say, when they cannot give, nor are minded to study a reason,
why an herb, plant, &c. hath such an operation, or produces such an
effect in the body of man: It doth it by an hidden quality, for they
not minding the whole creation, as one united body, not knowing what
belongs to _astral influence_, not regarding that excellent harmony
the only wise God hath made in a composition of contraries (in the
knowledge of which consists the whole ground and foundation of physic)
are totally led astray by _Tradition_.

It is the manifest qualities of medicines that here I am to speak to,
and you may be pleased to behold it in this order.

SECTION. 1. _Of the Temperature of Medicines._
SECTION. 2. _Of the appropriation of Medicines._
SECTION. 3. _Of the Properties of Medicines._