XVIII. and XX., which secured for the deceased

the protection and triumph which this god had secured for “his brother Osiris.” The favour of Thoth was so necessary that four Chapters (XCIV., XCV., XCVI., XCVII.) were written to instruct the deceased to make an offering of a palette and an ink-jar to the god, and how to become nigh unto him. Before the deceased could roam at wil] in the underworld it was necessary that he should know the deities of the chief cities of the four quarters of the land wherein he was; Chapters CVII. and CVIII. enabled him to know the “souls of Amentet” (i.e., of the West),