V. 1 6.

L III. 4. XL 22.
INDEX
[The numerals refer to pages]
Abstract ideas of degree, 50. Accessible ground, 100, 101, 119. Accommodating oneself to the enemy,
145, 148.
Adaptation to circumstances, 23. Aides-de-camp, 171. "Aids to Scouting," quoted, 88, 89,
107, 164.
Alliances, 60, 119, 140, 142. Allotments of land, 62. Alps, crossings of the, 57. Amiot, Pere, vii, i. Anger, succeeded by gladness, 159. Army, divisions of the, 17, 33. Army on the march, 140. Arsenals, burning of, 151. "Art of War," quoted by Han Hsin,
144.
Art of war in a nutshell, 44. Athletics, 124. Attack, skill in, 28. Attack and defence, 25, 44. Autumn hair, 29.
Baden-Powell, General. See "Aids to
Scouting." Baggage, 58. Baggage-train, 60. Baggage-trains, burning of, 151. Bait, offered by the enemy, 68. Balancing of chances, 31. Banners. See Flags and banners. Bases of supply, 60.
Beasts, startled, sign of surprise at- tack, 89.
Belgians at Waterloo, 130. Benevolence to spies, 170. Biot's Chou Li, ix. Birds rising, sign of ambuscade, 89. Blucher, 48. Bluster, 95. Boers, 18.
"Book of Army Management," 63. Buff-coats, 58. Burning one's boats, 133.
Calamities, six, 105.
Calthrop, Capt. : his edition of Sun Tzti's text, xxxii; his translation of Sun Tzu, viii ; quoted, passim.
Camp, shifting, 133.
Camping, 80 sqq.
Cannae, battle of, u.
Casinum, 140.
"Catalogue of Chinese Books," xxxiv.
Chan Kuo Ts'e, quoted, 10; referred to, xxiv.
Chan Ton Ta Chia Ping Fa, xviii.
Chang Ao, a commentator, xlii.
Chang Hsiu, 69.
Chang Liang, li, 109, 116.
Chang Ni, 144.
Chang Shang-ying, lii.
Chang Shou-chieh, xvi, xvii.
Chang Tsai, li.
Chang Tzu-shang, a commentator, xli.
INDEX
193
Chang Yii's commentary on Sun Tzu, xl; quoted, 5, 8, 9, n, 20, 21, 22, 24, 25, 27, 30, 33, 34, 35, 39,42, 44, 46, 49, 50, 51, 55, 56, 58, 60, 63, 64, 65, 66, 68, 69, 72, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, 92, 94,97,99, 103,
105, 107, 109, in, 112, 119, 124, 125, 126, 127, 131, 132, 133, 134, i36> T39» I4i, J42, 143, !45> I52, 155, *56, J58, J59, l6l> l63> l67> 170, 171, 172; referred to, 6, 15, 17, 31, 36, 45, 71, 86, 95,96, 106, 147, 153, 173.
Ch'ang mountains, 128. Ch'ang-cho, battle of, 66. Ch'ang-she, siege of, 154. Chao State, army of, 28, 143; defeated
by Ch'in, 166; King of, 57. Chao Chan, 106. Chao Kua, xlviii, 166. Chao She, famous march of, 57, 136;
his use of spies, 166. Chao Yeh, xiv. Chao Ying-ch'i, 78. Chao Yiian-hao's rebellion, xli. Ch'ao Kung-wu, quoted, xxxvi,
xxxvii, xxxviii, xl, xli. Chariots, 9, 91. Chariot fighting, 15, 16. Chariot wheels, burying of, 129. Chavannes, M.: his "Memoires Histo-
riques" referred to, xiii, xvi, xlvi,
57-
Ch'en Chen-sun, quoted, xxiii.
Ch'en Hao's commentary on Sun Tzu, xxxvi, xxxviii; quoted, 30, 44, 56, 62, 65, 69, 73, 81, 93, 97,
106, 108, no, 117, 118, 122, 124,
133, 136, 141, 147, IS2, 170,175;
referred to, 18, 68. Ch'en-ts'ang, siege of, 94. Cheng, principality of, 104, 116. Cheng and ch'-i. See Tactics, direct
and indirect. Cheng Ch'iao, xl. Cheng Hou, quoted, xliii.
Cheng Hsiian's commentary on the Chou Li, xviii.
Cheng Tuan, xlii.
Cheng Yu-hsien's / Shuo, xxxii, xxxiv; referred to, 36, 53, 58, 70, 136.
Ch'eng-an, city of, captured by Han Hsin, 28.
Ch'eng-hung, battle of, 78.
Ch'eng T'ang, xvi, 173, 175.
Chi Hsieh, editor of commentaries on Sun Tzti, xxxviii, xli.
Chi-mo, siege of, 90.
Chi T'ien-pao's edition of Sun Tzti, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxvi, xxxvii.
Ch'i State, xii, xvi, 128.
Ch'i Chieh, 90.
Chia Hsu, a commentator, xli.
Chia-ku, meeting at, xlvii.
Chia Lin's commentary on Sun Tzu, xxxvi, xxxviii; quoted, 20, 30,34, 46, 5°, 57, 72, 75, 76, 86, 92, 94, 95, 97, "7, 120, 133, 143, 148, 152, 157, 175; referred to, 51,55, 62, 65, 96, 108, 164.
Chia Yu, referred to, xlvii.
Chiang-ling, town of, in.
Chiang Yuan, a spurious work, Hi.
Chieh Kuei, the tyrant, 173.
Chieh-li, a Tiukish Khan, 167.
Ch'ien Ch'io Lei Shu, liii.
Cfrien Fu Lun, referred to, xxiv.
Cfrien Han Shu, quoted 81, 145, 167; referred to, li, 28, 34, 57,69; bibliographical section of, quoted, xvii, xix, li; referred to, xviii, xx, liii.
Ch'ih Yu, 84.
Chin State, xii, xvi, 106.
Chin Shu, quoted, 78, 116; referred to, 123, 165.
Ch'in State, 142.
China's experience of war, xliv.
Chinese characters, elasticity of, 159.
Chinese sentiment opposed to mili- tarism, xliv.
Ching, Duke of Ch'i, xv.
14
194
INDEX
Ching-chou Fu, 123. Ching-hsing pass, battle of, 143. Ching K'o, 127. Ching Wang, period of, xxiii. Chiu T'ang Shu, referred to, 104,
167; bibliographical section of,
referred to, liii. Chou C/i'm Shih I Tzu, text of Sun
Tzti in, xxxi. Chou dynasty, 174. Chou Hsin, the tyrant, 1, 174. Chou Li quoted, 14, 55, 60, 68, 92,
146; referred to, xxxix, xlviii, 64;
Biot's translation of, ix. Chu Chih-wu, xxi. Chu Fu's edition of Sun Tzu, xvii,
Chu Hsi, corrected by Legge, 32:
quoted, xliii, xlvii. Chu-ko Liang, 46, 51, 74, 82, 117,
122; supposititious works of, Hi. Chu-ko Wu-hou. See Chu-ko Liang. Ch'u State, xii, xiii, xvi, 124; the
hereditary enemy of Wu, xxvii;
Viscount of, no. Chuan Chu, xxi, 128. Chuan She-chu. See Chuan Chu. Chuang, Duke of Lu, 66. Chuang, Prince of Ch'u, 141, 162. Chuang Tzu, referred to, 29, 85. Chung Yung, xix. Circumstances, art of studying, 68. Classics, compared with Sun Tzti, xliii. Clearness of orders, 107. Clever fighter, the, 29, 41, 42. Cohesion, 134. Collapse, one of the six calamities,
105, 106.
Columns, marching in, 49. Commander, the, 2, 3. See also
General. Commander-in-chief, killing the, 145;
presence of mind of the, 66. Commentary, native, on Sun Tzu,
ix, xxxivj^.
Communications, line of, 101, 119. Compactness, 61.
Confucius, and the art of war, xlvi, xlvii, xlviii; contemporary with Sun Tzu, xxx ; violates extorted oath, xlix.
Constellations, 153.
Contentious ground, 115, 118, 136.
Contraction and expansion, 134.
Conventional canons of warfare, 148.
Co-operation, 129.
Council-chamber, sternness in the, 146.
Country, natural features of, 60.
Courage, one standard of, 130.
Courant's "Catalogue des Livres Chinois," Hi.
Cowardice, 78.
Critical ground, 134, 135.
Cromwell's use of spies, 164.
Cross-divisions, 100.
Cunning, 145.
Danger, bracing effect of, 139, 145. Dangerously isolated ground, 72. Deception, war based on, 6, 132. Decision, 37, 38. Deductive calculation, 163. Defence, skill in, 27. Deliberation, 63. Demosthenes, the Athenian general,
118.
Desertion, 134, 136. Desperado, running amok, 125. Desperate foe, not to be pressed,
69, 94. Desperate ground, 72, 114, 117, 120,
125, 126, 135, 138, 143. Deviation, artifice of, 57, 63. Difficult grond, 71, 117, 120, 137. Disaffection, signs of, 95. Discipline, 2, 3, 4, 98, in. Disorder, seeming, 38. Disorganisation, 105, 107. Dispersive ground, 114, 118, 135. Disposition of troops, 26. Dispositions, concealment of, 51, 52;
knowledge of the enemy's, 163. Dissimulation, 6r.
INDEX
195
Dividing the enemy, 47. Divination, to be prohibited, 126. " Divine manipulation of the threads,"
164.
Door, left open by the enemy, 147. Doorkeepers, 171. Drums, 34, 64, 65. Dust, sign of the enemy, 89.
Earth, as opposed to Heaven, 2, 4, 27, 28, 113; six principles con- nected with, 104.
Economy, false, 162.
Energy, 38, 39, 41; concentration of, 124.
Entangling ground, 100, 102.
Enterprise, the spirit of, 157.
Enticing the enemy, 102.
Erh-chu Chao, 138.
Erh Ya> quoted, 94.
Excellence, supreme, 17; the acme of, 28.
Expenditure on war, 9, 10, 160.
Fabius Cunctator, u. 120.
Facile ground, 115, 118, 135, 136.
Fan Chii's use of spies, 166.
Fei River, battle of the, 25.
Feng Hou, Hi, 84.
Feng I, a student of Sun Tzu, xlii.
Fire, as an aid to the attack, 156; dropping, 151, 152; five ways of attacking with, 150; material for, 152; proper seasons for attacking with, 152, 153; to be started on the windward side, 155.
Five advantages, the, 72, 74, 75.
Five cardinal tastes, 36.
Five cardinal virtues, 3.
Five classes of State ceremonial, xlviii.
Five dangerous faults, 77.
Five developments in attacking with fire, i53->W.
Five elements, the, 53.
Five essentials for victory, 23, 24.
Five factors in war, i.
Five musical notes, 36.
Five Pa Wang, xlix, 141.
Five primary colours, 36.
Flags and banners, 16, 34, 64, 65.
Flat country, campaigning in, 83, 84.
Flight, 105.
Foraging, 12, 15, 123, 161.
Foreknowledge, 163.
Forestalling the enemy, 147.
Forethought, want of, 97.
"Forty-one Years in India," referred
to, 35-
Four seasons, the, 54. Frederick the Great, quoted, 48,
1 68, 169.
Frontier passes, 146. Frontal attacks, 45. Fu Ch'ai. xvi. Fu Chien, 25, 115. Fu-ch'u, King of Ch'u, 124. Fu Kai, xxiii, xxix. Fu-k'ang-an, 63. Fu Yen-ch'ing, 69, 70.
General, the, 4, 5, 7, 8, 15, 16, 19, 21, 44, 55, 66, 77, 98, 107, 109, no, 130, 131, 134, 157, 159, 163, 171, 174.
Generals, professional, xxii.
Generalship, degrees of, 17, 18; the highest, 48.
Giles' Biographical Dictionary, quo- ted, 128.
Giles' Chinese-English Dictionary, referred to, 57, 134.
Gongs, 34, 64.
Grant, General, 47.
Great Wall of China, xliv.
Greeks, Homeric, 9.
Grindstone and egg, 35.
Ground, high and low, 84; of inter- secting highways, 71, 116, 119, i35» J37; proper use of, 130.
Grounds, the nine, 114, 134, 138.
Guides, local, 60, 140.
Han, red banners of, 144. Han Chih. See Cfrien J/iin .S'////, bibliographical section of.
196
INDEX
Han Kuan Chieh Ku, quoted, xx. Han Hsin, xliv, 28, 33, 34, 81, 143,
167; a student of Sun Tzti, xlii;
quoted, 68.
Han Shu. See Ch'ien Han Shu. Hannibal, n, 57, 66, 120, 140. Hasty temper, 78. Hearing, quick, 29. Heaven, 2, 4. 28, 113. Heights, precipitous, 100, 103. Hemmed-in ground, 72, 117, 120,
135. r37-
Henderson, Col., quoted, 6, 42, 48, 52, 59, 101, 130, 131.
Herodotus, referred to, 129.
Ho Ch'u-fei, xl.
Ho Kuan 7zti, referred to, xxiv.
Ho Lu (or Ho Lii), King ofWu, xi, xiii, xvi, xvii, xviii, xxvi, 5, 128.
Ho Shih. See Ho Yen-hsi.
Ho-yang, night ride to, 65.
Ho Yen-hsi's commentary on Sun Tzu, xl; quoted, n, 14, 16, 18, 21, 29, 30, 34, 56, 69, 74, no, 115, 116, 122, 147, 165, 166, 167, 168, 174; referred to, xvii, 31,43, 62, 152.
Horses, tethering of, 129.
Hou Han Shu, quoted, 10, 94, 132, 139, 151, 155; referred to, xlii.
Hsi, the graduate, xxxiii.
Hsia dynasty, 174.
Hsiang, Duke of Sung, xlix, 141.
Hsiang Chi, xlix, 133,
Hsiang Liang, xlix.
Hsiang Yu. See Hsiang Chi.
Hsiao State, no.
Hsiao Chi, a commentator, xli.
Hsiao Hsien, 123.
Hsiao I, 153, 166.
Hsiao Shih-hsien. Sec Hsiao I.
Hsieh An, 25.
Hsieh Yuan, a commentator, xlii.
Hsien Hu, 106.
Hsin-ch'eng, town of, 122.
Hsin Hsu, xiv.
Hsin Shu (by Ts'ao Kung), xix, xxxvi.
Hsin Shu (a work attributed to Chu-
ko Liang), Hi. Hsin Tang Shu, referred to, 65,
104, 105, 123, 167; bibliographical
section of, referred to, xviii, liii. Using Li Hui Yao, quoted, xliii,
xlviii.
Hsing Shih Pien Cheng Shu, xv. Hsiung-nu, 39, 139, 150. Hsu Ch'ieh, quoted, 160. Hsii-chou, invaded by Ts'aoTs'ao, 73. Hsu We*n Hsien Tung K'ao, liii. Hsiian Tsung, T'ang Emperor, xxxii. Hsun TzU, quoted, 80. Hsiin Ying, 73. Hu Yen, xiii. Hua-pi, city of, 73. Hua-yin temple, xxxii. Huai-nan Tzu, plagiary of Sun Tzu,
xxiv; quoted, xiv. Huan, Duke of Ch'i, 128, 141. Huan Ch'ung, 25. Huan Hsiian, 78. Huang Ch'ao Ching Shih Wtn Pien,
liii. Huang Chih-cheng, a commentator,
xlii.
Huang Jun-yu, a commentator, xli. Huang Mei, 78. Huang-shih Kung, li; quoted, 109,
126.
Huang Ti. See Yellow Emperor. Huang-fu Sung, 94, 154, 155. Human nature, to be studied, 134. Humanity, misplaced, xlix; soldiers
to be treated with, 98. Husbanding one's strength, 67. Husbandry, impeded by war, 161.
I river, 127.
I Chih, 173, 174, 175.
I Ching, quoted, xv.
I-chou, 165.
I-ho, 115.
/ Pu Che Chung, xliii.
/ Shuo. See Cheng Yu-hsien.
I-wu pass, 115.
INDEX
197
I Yin. See I Chih.
Iliad, heroes of the, 127.
Impoverishment of the people, 13, 14.
Induction from experience, 163.
Inhumanity, the height of, 162.
Insubordination, 105.
Intuition necessary in dealing with spies, 169.
Invading force, principles to be ob- served by an, 123.
Jackson, Stonewall, 59, 131.
Jan Yu, disciple of Confucius, xlvi,
xlviii.
Jang, siege of, 69. Jingles, 149, 158. Jn-nan, in. Julius Caesar, 12; his "De Bello Gal-
lico" referred to, 108. Junction of forces, 48.
K'ang Hsi's dictionary, referred to, 10, 18, 35, 68, 95, 117, 152, 157, 1 60.
Kao-ch'ang, 115.
Kao-fan. See Hu Yen.
Kao Huan, afterwards Emperor, 137.
Kao Keng, 151.
Kao Tsu, first Han Emperor, 33,
39» "9-
Kao Tsu, Sui Emperor, 168.
Kao-wu pass, 115.
Khitans, 69.
Khotan, 132.
Kiangnan rebels under Sui dynasty,
151-
Kindness to the soldiers, no, in. Kou Chien, King of Yiieh, xvi, 50 Ku Chin Tu Shu ChiC.frtng, quoted,
xvi, xxxvii, xxxix ; referred to, xix,
xli, li, liii. See also Sun Tzu, T'u
Shu text of. Kuan Chung, 128. Kuan TzG, xxi.
Kuang, King of Shan-shan, 139, 151. Kuang Po Wu Chih, liii. Kuang Wu, Han Emperor, li.
Kuei-ku Tzti, li.
K'uei-chou, 123.
A''//// Wai Cfrun Cfriu, xxxvi.
Kung-sun Hung, lii.
Kuo Cfrao Shih Jen Chtng Lilch,
xxxii.
Kuo Hsiin, 151. Kutcha, King of, 132.
Ladder, kicking away the, 133.
Ladysmith, relief of, 79.
Land-tenure, ancient system of, xxv, 161.
Lao Tzu, the Tao of, 2 ; quoted, 155, 158. See also Tao Te Ching.
Legge's "Chinese Classics," referred to, ix, xxiv, 23, 32.
Lengthy operations, 10, 11.
Li, length of the, 9.
Li Chi, referred to, 23, 147.
Li Ching, the general, xliv, 41, 123, 167; quoted, 35, 66, 87, in, 118; supposed author of a work on war, lii.
Li Ching Ping Fa, lii.
Li Chu, 29.
Li Chilian's commentary on Sun Tzu, xxxvi; quoted, 9, n, 18, 21, 22, 24, 25, 28, 30, 32, 34, 38, 46, 49, 5°> 5T> 55> 6o» 65> 67, 68, 72, 73, 81, 83, 84, 89, 92, 97, 105, 106, no, 113, 114, 115, 117, 118,119, 136, 142, 150, 158, 163, 167; re- . ferred to, 52, 95, 123, 127, 151.
Li Hsiang, 165.
Li Hsiung, 165.
Li I-chi, 167.
Li Kuang-pi, 65.
Li Ling, 154.
Li Shih-min, afterwards the Emperor T'ai Tsung, xliv, lii, 35, 104, 167.
Li Shou-cheng, 70.
Li Tai Chi Shih Nien Piao, quoted, 70, 116, 166.
Li T'e, 165.
Li Ts'ai, a commentator, xlii. \ Li Wei-kung. See Li Ching.
198
INDEX
Li Wei Rung Wen Tui, lii.
Liang, kingdom of, 94.
Liang-chou, 115.
Liang Hsi, 115.
Lien P'o, 57, 166.
Lin-chin, in Shensi, 34.
Lin Hsiang-ju, 166.
Line of least resistance, 53.
Liu Chou-tzu, 53.
Liu Hsiang, quoted, xiv, xxiv.
Liu Pei, 59.
Liu Piao, 69.
Liu T(ao (attributed to T'ai Kung),
xxi, 1, li, 144, 174; quoted, 22,
62, 78, 84. Liu Yii, 78.
Livy, quoted, 66, 120, 140. Lo Shang, 165. Lo-yang, 104.
Logs and stones, rolling, 41. Longevity, 127. Lou Ching, 39. Lu State, 128. ^Lu Te-ming, quoted, li. Lii Kuang, 115. Lii Meng, a disciplinarian, in; a
student of Sun Tzu, xlii. Lii Pu, xxxv. Lu Shang, known as T'ai Kung, 1,
174, 175. See also Liu T'ao. LirShih Ch'un Cfriu, referred to,
xxiv, 37.
Lii Wang (or Lii Ya). See Lu Shang. Luan Yen, 106. Lun Yii, quoted, xv, 146; referred
to, xlvii, xlix, 47. 64, 156. Lung Chii, 81.
Ma Lung, lii.
Ma Tuan-lin, xl. See also Wen Hsien
Tung Klao. Ma Yiian, 80. Maiden, coyness of a, 148. Mansfield, Lord, 143. Mantlets, 14, 18. Marches, forced, 59. Marengo, battle of, 57.
"Marshal Turenne," quoted, 73, 169; referred to, 61.
Marshes, 60.
Measures, of land, 14; of length, 32; of weight, 15, 32.
Mei Yao-ch'en's commentary on Sun Tzu, xxxviii; quoted, 4, 6, 7, n, 29, 34, 38, 40, 44, 47, 61, 63, 79, 84, 85, 86, 93, 94, 95, 96, 100, 102, 121, 129, 130, 131, 135, 136, 137, 138, 141, 145, 147, 148, 153, 155, 157, 161, 162, 163, 164, 168, 169, 170, 174; referred to, 15, 23, 43, 46, 51, 106, 151.
"Memoires concernant les Chinois," quoted, vii.
"Memoires Historiques," referred to, xvi. See also Chavannes.
Mencius, quoted, xxv, xliii, 14, 85; referred to, 29, 32, 112, 148.
Meng K'ang, xxxvi.
Meng Shih's commentary on Sun Tzu, xxxvi; quoted, 2, n, 15,61, 77, 78, 116, 137, 147.
Meng Ta, 122.
Method, 2, 3, 31.
"Military Classic," 144.
Military tactics like water, 53.
Military virtues, 22.
Misfortune, three ways in which a ruler can cause, 2 1 sqq.
Mistakes, making no, 30.
Modem text of Sun Tzu. See Sun Tzu.
Modification of plans, 5.
Moltke, 17.
Moods, art of studying, 67.
Moral Law, the, 2, 4, 31.
Mounds, used in sieges, 19.
Mountains, 80.
Movable shelters, 18.
Mu, Duke of Ch'in, 141.
Mu-so, an instrument of torture, xlvi.
Mu T'ien Tzu Chuan, 152.
Mystification of one's men, 131.
Xang Wa, xiii.
INDEX
199
Napoleon Bonaparte, 5, 12, 148; his passage across Alps, 57; not ham pered by central authority, 24; his "Maximes de Guerre," quoted, 84, 109; his "Pensees," quoted, 101.
Nelson, at Trafalgar, 37.
Nervousness, a sign of, 93.
Nicias, the Athenian general, 118; speech of, quoted, 125.
Night-fighting, 65.
Nine grounds (or situations), the, 72, 114.
Nine punitive measures, the, xxxix.
Nine variations, the, 71, 72, 74, 138.
"North hill", battle of the, 57.
O-yii, town of, 57.
Omens, not to be regarded, 126.
Onset of troops, 37, 38.
Open ground, 116, 119, 137.
Opportunism, xlix.
Orders, not to be divulged, 142, 143.
Original text of Sun Tzu. See Sun
Tzu. Ou-yang Hsiu, quoted, xxxiv, xxxv,
xxxviii.
Overawing the enemy, 141. Over-caution, 158. Over-solicitude for one's men, 79.
Pa Chtit T'tt, xviii.
Pa Wang, the five, 141.
Pan Ch'ao, 63; at Shan-shan, 139, 150; his attack on Yarkand, 132, 167.
P'an Keng, 173.
P'ang Chiian, xii, 40.
Passes, narrow, 100, 103.
Peace, the true object of war, 162.
Pel Cfci Shu, referred to, 138.
Pel Lun, xl.
Pei Tang Shu Cfrao, 25, 36, 64, 67.
P'ei Hsing-chien, 103.
P'ei Wen Yun Fu, quoted, 94; re- ferred to, xlvi, 69, 146.
Pelliot, M., xxxvi.
Pi, battle of, 106.
Pi I-hsiin, xviii, xxvi, xxxiv. See also Sun Tzti Hsu Lu.
Pi Kua, xxxiii.
Pi-yang, city of, 73.
P'i, siege of, 165.
Picked soldiers in front rank, 107, 108.
Ping Pa Tsa Chan, xviii.
Ping Shu Yao Chiieh, 67.
Pique, battles not to be fought out of, 158.
Pitfalls, 60.
Plagiaries of Sun Tzu, xxiii, xxiv.
Plans, baulking the enemy's, 17; change of, 5, 132.
Plataea, battle of, 129.
Playfair's "Cities and Towns of China", referred to. 57.
Plunder, 62.
Po Ch'i, xliv, 117, 166.
Po Chiang Chuan, xli.
Po P'ei, xiii, xxiii, xxix.
Po-teng, battle of, 39.
Po-ts'ai, a leader of the Yellow Tur- ban rebels, 154.
Po Ya, referred to, 160.
P'o-t'ai, a spy, 165.
Polybius, referred to, 120.
Port Arthur, siege of, 19.
Presence of mind, 66.
Punishment, 95, 97, 98.
Rabbits, not indigenous to China,
149. Rapidity, 12, 61; the essence of war,
122.
Rewards, 15, 95, 142- Reward and punishment, constancy
in, 4.
Riches, soldiers not to acquire, 127. River, crossing a, 129. River warfare, 81, 82. Roberts, Lord, night march of, 35;
on Sun Tzti, xlii. Rout, 105, 107. Ruin, one of the six calamities, 105,
106.
200
INDEX
Ruler, military commander indepen- dent of the, 109; the enlightened,
157, J59. J74- Rules of warfare, conventional, 148.
Salt-marshes, 83.
San Kuo Chih, quoted, 69, m; re- ferred to, xxxv, xli, xlii. See also Wei Chih.
San Lueh, li; quoted, 62, 158.
San Shih Erh Lei Ching, xviii.
San Ts'ai Tu Hui, liii.
San-yuan, 79.
"Science of War," quoted, 101, 130.
Scouts, 88, 89.
Screens, grass, 88.
Secrecy, 45, 131.
Secrets, divulged by a spy, 170.
Sedan, capitulation of, 17.
Self-possession, 67.
Sensitiveness in a general, 79.
Sentries, 171.
Serious ground, 117, 119, 135, 137.
Seven considerations, i, 4.
Sha-yiian, 168.
Shan-shan, 139; King of, 150, 15 c.
Shang dynasty, 173.
Shen, Duke of, no.
Shen-wu of Ch'i, 168.
Shen Yu, a commentator, xli.
Shepherd driving sheep, 133.
Sheridan, General, 47.
Shih Chi, objection to the chronology of, xxvi; quoted, xi, xiii, xv, xx, xlv, 40, 58, 80, 84, 90, 124, 128; referred to, xvi, xxii, xxiv, xxxiv, xlvi, xlvii, xlix, 1. See also Ssu-ma Ch'ien.
Shih Ching, quoted, xvi, 61, 62; re- ferred to, 14.
Shih Huang Ti, 127, 142.
Shih K'uang, 29.
Shih Liu Tsle, Hi.
Shih Ssu-ming, the rebel leader, 65.
Shu Ching, quoted, xv; referred to, xlvii, xlviii.
Shu Lu Chieh Ti xxiii.
Shuai-jan, the, xxvi, 128, 129.
Shuo Wen, quoted, 94, 117, 160.
Sicilian expedition, 118.
Sieges, 10, 18, 19, 73.
Sight, sharp, 29.
Signal-fires, 65.
Signals, 33.
Signs, observation of, 88.
Situations, the nine. See Nine grounds.
Six Chancellors of the Ch'in State, 142.
"Six States" period, xxii.
Skilful fighter, the, 30.
Skilful leaders of old, 120.
Solidarity of troops, 123.
Sophanes at Plataea, 129.
Sovereign, the, 55; the wise, 163.
Spies, xlix, 52, 147, 148; converted, 90, 1 66, 172, 173; doomed, 167, 172, 173; five classes of, 164; Frederick's classification of, 168; importance of, 175; intimate re- lations to be maintained with, 168; inward, 165, 172; local, 164, 172; surviving, 167. 172; to be properly paid, 162, 169.
Spirit, an army's, 65, 66.
Spirits, 163.
"Spy," evolution of the character meaning, 160.
Spying, end and aim of, 173.
Ssu K'-u Ch'uan Shu Chien Ming Mu Lu, quoted, 1, li, Hi.
Ssu K'u Chilian Shu Tsung Mu Ti Yao, quoted, xx, xli, 1; referred to, xl, Hi, liii.
Ssu-ma Ch'ien, xiv, xx; quoted, xi, xii, xlv ; credibility of his narrative, xxvi; his letter to Jen An, referred to, xlvi; his mention of the 13 chapters, xxx. See also Shih Chi.
Ssu-ma Fa, 1; quoted, xvi, 14, 17, 78, 126, 143.
Ssu-ma I, 46, 51, 122.
Ssu-ma Jang-chii, xxii, 1, 98.
Stagnation, 157.
Standard text of Sun Tzu. See Sun Tzu.
INDEX
2O I
Stellar Mansions, the twenty-eight, 153.
Stonewall Jackson, biography of, quoted, 42, 59, 131.
Strategy and tactics, 52.
Strength, great, 29.
Stupidity, to be feigned, 145.
Su Hsiin, quoted, xlii.
Su Shu, an ethical treatise, li.
Subdivisions of an army. 17, 33, 39.
Sui Shu, quoted, 151; bibliographi- cal section of, quoted, xviii, xli; referred to, xxxvi, liii.
Sun Hao, a commentator, xli.
Sun Hsing-yen, xxxii; his edition of Sun Tzu, ix; his preface, xxxiv; quoted, xvi, xxix, xxx, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii, xxxvi, xlviii.
Sun Pin, xii, xv, xvi, 40.
Sun Tz%, archaic words in, xxiv; bibliographical description of edi- tion used, xxxiv; corruptions in the text of, xxxi ; difficult passages in, xxxiv; state of the text, 138; pro- bable date of the work, xxviii.
- Modern text, 25, 26, 27, 33.
— Original text, xxxii, xxxiii, 2, 16, 27, 29, 43, 47, 53, 58, 62, 64, 67, 84, 86, 87, 88, 91, 92,95,98,113, 119, 121, 153, 154, 168.
- Standard text, xxxiv, 10, 58, 91, 95, 117, 127, 164.
- Tai I Tun Chia text, xxxvi.
— Tku Shu text, xxxi, 16, 21, 25, 29, 30, 32, 33, 35, 37, 4°, 43, 46, 47, 5°, 52, 58, 64, 67, 69, 84, 87,
91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 105, no, 114, 117, 120, 121, 133, 135, 140,145, 146, 153, 159, 164, 167, 168,171,
i?2, 175-
- T'ung Tien text, xxxiii, i, 10, 12, 19, 22, 23, 25, 41, 45, 47, 50, 53, 58» 59, 62, 64> 65, 67, 68, 74, 77, 81, 83, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91,
92, 93, 94, 95, 98, 101, 104, 108, 112, 113, 117, 119, 136, 137, J52, r53, !58, *59, l64, l67, i?0*1?1* 172.
— Yii Lan text, xxxiii, 3, 7, 10, 12, 14, 15, 19, 25, 27, 37, 42, 45, 47, 5°, 52, 53, 62, 64, 67, 68, 77, 81, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89,
92, 93, 94, 95, 98, Io8, II2> I2i, 129, 141, 153, 158, 159, 161, 164, 167, 170, 171, 172.
Sun Tzu Hsu Lu, xviii, xxxiv; quoted, xxiii, xxiv, 118.
Sun Tzu Hui Chtng, xlii.
Sun Tzu Ts'an Tung, xlii.
Sun Tzu Wtn Ta, xvii.
Sun Wu, a practical soldier, xxv; conjectural outline of his life, xxix; not a man of eminent position, xxviii; probable origin of the legend connected with, xxix; Sstt-ma Ch'ien's biography of, xi; sup- posititious works of, xvii, xviii. See also Sun Tzu.
Sun Wu Sun Tzu, xvii.
Sung Shih, referred to, xlii; biblio- graphical section of, xvii, xxxi, xxxvi, Hi, liii.
Superstitious doubts, 126.
Supplies, 137, 161: line of, 101.
Ta-hsi Wu, 168.
Ta Ming / Tung Chih, quoted,
xxxii.
Taboo character, 124. Tactical manoeuvring, 56. Tactician, the skilful, 128. Tactics, direct and indirect, 20, 34
sqq.; modification of, 52, 53; not
to be repeated, 52; variation of,
26, 71, 74-
T'ai Kung. See Lu Shang. Tai Kung Ping Fa, li. Tai P'ing Yu Lan, xvi, xxxiii, liii.
See also Sun Tzti, Yu Lan text. Tai-po Shan-jen, quoted, 132. Tai Po Yin Ching, xxxvi. T'ai Tsung, the Emperor. See Li
Shih-min.
Tai Yuan Ching, referred to, xxiv. Tallies, official, 146.
202
INDEX
T'ang, prince of, xiii.
Tang, the Completer. See Ch'eng T'ang.
Tang Chien, 167. T'ang Shu, bibliographical section of, referred to, xxxviii, xli. See also Hsin T'ang Shu and Chiu T'ang Shu.
Tao Te* Ching, quoted, xlix, 147, 155, 158, 161.
Temple, used for deliberations, 7, 8.
Temporising ground, 100, 102.
Tenacity, 125.
Teng Ch'iang, 78.
Teng Ming-shin, quoted, xv.
Terrain, natural advantages of, 108; six kinds of, 100.
Textual criticism and emendations, i, 7, 13, H, 25, 29, 30, 36, 41, 43, 46, 47, 49, 71, 74, 86, 87, 91, 94, 99, 113, 117, 121, 124, 127,
133, i58. l67- Thermopylae, 115. Three ancient dynasties, the, xxxix. Thucydides, quoted, 125; referred
to, 1 1 8. Ti river, 144. Tien Chi, 40. T'ien-i-ko catalogue, quoted, xxxvi,
xl.
Tien Pao, xv. Tien Pu, 105. Tien Tan, defender of Chi-mo, 90,
120, 155; his use of spies, 166. Time, value of, 12; waste of, 157. Ton Chien-te, King of Hsia, 104. Tou Ku, 151. Trafalgar, battle of, 37. Training of officers and men, 4. Trebia, battle of the, 66. Ts'ai, prince of, xiii. Ts'ao Kuei, mentioned in the Tso
Chuan, xxi; on the advantage of
spirit, 66; threatens Huan Kung,
128. Ts'ao Kung or Ts'ao Ts'ao, xix, xxxi,
xxxvi, xiii, xliv, 4, 59.69.76,151; i
his commentary on Sun Tziti, xxxv, xxxvii, xxxviii, xl; quoted, i, 7, 9, ii, 13, 15, 17, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 34, 35, 39, 40, 4i, 44, 46, 51, 52, 55, 56, 59, 60, 67, 71, 73, 75. 76, 77, 78, 81, 84, 86, 88, 91, 94, 95. 96, 97, 98. IC3. i°4, 106.
Ill, 115, Il6, Il8, 119, 120, 122, 125, 126, 127, 131, 137, 140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 152,154,
156, 157; referred to, 19, 43, 62, 136; his preface, xx, xxxiv; trans- lated, xv sqq.
Tseng Shen, xxiv.
Tso Chuan, delivered to Wu Ch'i, xxiv; has no mention of SuiiTzu, xx, xxvi, xxviii; quoted, xxvii, xxix, xlix, 19, 59, 65, 89, 97, 106, in, 162; referred to, xxi, xlvii.
Tso Tsung-t'ang, 63.
Tsui-li, battle of, xxx.
Tu Chung-wei, 69, 70.
Tu Mu's commentary on Sun Tzii, xxxvi, xxxvii, xxxviii; quoted, 4, n, 14, 15, 18, 19, 23, 26, 28, 29, 3°. 31. 33. 34, 37. 39. 40, 41, 42, 44, 45. 46, 5°. 52, 55. 56, 57, 59. 60, 61, 62, 64, 67, 68, 69, 75, 76, 77, 78, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 98, 101, 105, 106, 107, no, in, 112, 114,
115, Il8, 119, 122, 124, 126,131,
133, 136, 137, 138, 146, 148, 149.
151. !52, r53> i54, 155. J56, i57, 158, 161, 163, 164, 165, 167, 168, 169, 171, 175; referred to, 20,65, 73, 150; his preface, quoted, xix, xxxvii, xxxviii, xlv.
Tu Shu Chih, Hi.
Tu Yu, xxxiii; his notes on Sun Tzii in the Tlung Tien, xxxvii; quoted, 4, 6, n, 19, 23, 24, 36, 38, 47, 56, 60, 61, 62, 77, 83, 88, 91, 92,
93. 94, 95. I0°. I01. I02, I03. I04,
116, 117, 120, 137, 138, 152, 153, 166, 167, 169, 171, 172; referred to, 28, 51, 74, 155, 173.
INDEX
203
Tlu Shu encyclopaedia. See Ku
Chin T^u Shu Chi Ch'eng.
- Text of Sun Tzti in the. See
Sun Tzu.
Tung Cho, xxxv, 94. Tung Chou Lieh Kuo, quoted, 56. Tliing Chih, referred to, xxxii, xxxvi,
xl, xli, liii. T'ung Tien, xvii, xxxiii, xxxvii, Hi,
liii. See also Tu Yu. - Text of Sun Tzu in the. See
Sun Tzu. Turenne, Marshal, on deceiving the
enemy, 61 ; on sieges, 73; on spies,
169.
Tzu-ch'an, saying of, xlix. Tzu-ch'ang. See Nang Wa.
"Unterricht des Konigs von Preus-
sen," quoted, 168, 169. Uxbridge, Lord, 5.
Valleys, 80.
Victory, halfway towards, in. 112;
without fighting, 17. Virtues, the five cardinal, 3.
Wan, town of, 122. Wang Chien, 124. Wang Hsi's commentary on Sun Tzu, xl; quoted, i, 2, n, 13, 14, 23,
26, 33, 34, 38> 44, 52» 53> 55. 6o 61, 63, 71, 78, 84, 92, 94, 95, 96, 106, 114, 117, 119, 124, 132, 133, i35> J37, 142, i55> J57> 169; re- ferred to, 67, 76.
Wang Kuo, the rebel, 94.
Wang Liao, 128.
Wang Ling, a commentator, xxxvii, xli. See also Wang Tzu.
Wang Shih-ch'ung, 104.
Wang T'ing-ts'ou, 105.
Wang Tzu, quoted, 4, 6, 24.
Wang-tzu Ch'eng-fu, xiii.
War, want of fixity in, 54.
Warlike prince, 141, 158.
Water, an aid to the attack, 156.
Waterloo, battle of, 5, 48, 130.
Weapons, 14
Weeping, 127.
Wei, kingdom of, xxxv; province
of, 105. Wei river, 81. Wei Chih (in the San Kuo Chili},
xix, xxxvi. Wei I, 106. Wei Liao Tzu, li; quoted, 35, 73,
97, 99, 107, 125; referred to, xxiv. Wei Po, 165.
Wei Wu Ti. See Ts'ao Kung. Well-being of one's men, to be stu- died, 123. Wellington, his description of his
army at Waterloo, 130; on the
eve of Waterloo, 5 ; saying, of, no;
skilful in dissimulation, 6. Wen, Duke of Chin, 141. Wtn Hsien T'ung K'ao, quoted,
xxxvii, xxxviii, xl, xli; referred to,
xxi, xxiii, xxxvi, liii. Wen-su, King of, 132. Wen Ti, Emperor of Sui dynasty, 151. Wen Wang, 1, 174. Western Sacred Mountain, xxxii. Wind, days of, 153; duration of, 155. "Words on Wellington," quoted, 5. Wu, city of, xiv; king of, 118. Sec
also Ho Lu. Wu State, xxv, 49, 50, 129, 159;
dates in the history of, xxvii, xxviii;
first mentioned in history, xxvii. Wu Ch'i, 1, 64, 65, no; compared
with Sun Wu, xliii; plagiary of
Sun Tzti, xxiv. See also Wu Tzu. Wu C/i'i C/iing, Hi. Wu Huo, 29. Wu Jen-chi, xxxiii. Wu-lao, heights of, 104. Wu Nien-hu, xxxiii. Wu-tu, town of, 165. Wu-tu Ch'iang, 80. Wu Tzu, xix, 1; quoted, 24, 56,66,
77, 80, 81, 98, 107, 115, 131, 142,
156; referred to, xxiv.
204
INDEX
Wu Tzu-hsii, xxix, xlviii. See also
Wu Yuan.
Wu Wang, xvi, 20, 175. Wu Yuan, xiii, xxiii, 56; a spurious
treatise fathered on, xxix. Wu Yiieh Chlun Ch'iu, quoted, xiv,
xviii. Wylie's "Notes," referred to, xli, Hi.
Ya, King of Chao, 144.
Yang Han, 115.
Yang-p'ing, city of, 46.
Yangtsze river, 123.
Yao Hsiang, 78.
Yarkand, battle of, 132.
Yeh Shih or Yeh Shui-hsin, his theory
about Sun Tzu, xxi, xxiii, xxv;
on Sun Tzu's style, xxiv. Yellow Emperor, the, xvi, 84. Yellow Turban rebels, 154. Yen, King of Hsu, xvi, xlix. Yen Shih-ku, 167. Yen Ti, 84. Yen Tzti, quoted, 98.
Yin and Yang, 2.
Yin dynasty, 173, 174.
Yin Fu Ching, xxxvi, in.
Ying, capital of Ch'u, xii, xiii, xvi,
xxix.
Ying K'ao-shu, xxi. Yo Fei, a student of Sun Tzu, xiii. Yo I, 117. Yu Hai, quoted, xiii; referred to,
xxxvi, xl, Hi, liii. Yu Lan encyclopaedia. See T'ai
P'ing Yu Lan. — Text of Sun Tzu in the. See Sun
Tzti. Yuan, the two, opponents of Ts'ao
Ts'ao, xxxv.
Yuan Chien Lei Han, liii. Yuan Shao, 151. Yiieh State, 129; compared with Wu,
xxvi, 49, 50; first mentioned in
history, xxvii.
Yiieh Chiieh Shu, quoted, xiv. Yiieh Yu, xxi. Yung Lo Ta Tien, Hi.
CORRIGENDA
P. ix, note: For "edition" read "translation."
„ 14, line 3: For "by" read "in the."
„ 16, line 5: For "T." read "T'u Shu:'
„ „ §19, note: Before "War" insert "Soldiers are not to be used as playthings."
„ 17, § i: ^ jtF , etc. The more I think about it, the more I prefer the rendering suggested on p. 159, §22, note.
„ „ §i note, and p. 78, line 6: Insert "the" before "Ssu-ma Fa."
„ 33, note on heading: Cf. X. § 12, where fife is translated "strength," though it might also be "conditions." The three words ^Jj , ^jjjfa and fife have been much confused. It appears from the Shuo W£n that the last character is post-classical, so that Sun Tzii must have used either ^fj or ijjjjfc in all senses.
„ 45, line i: For "sublety" read "subtlety."
„ 63, line 4: M. Chavannes writes in the T'-oung Pao, 1906, p. 210: "Le general Pan Tch'ao n'a jamais porte les armes chinoises j usque sur les bords de la mer Caspienne." I hasten to correct my statement on this authority.
„ 80, 9th line from the bottom: For Q read pj .
„ 109, § 23, note, and p. 126, 5!h line from bottom: For "Huang Shih- kung" read "Huang-shih Kung."
„ 124, line 7: For "Ch'en" read "Ch'en Hao."
„ 136, nth line from bottom: Insert "to" before "select."
„ 152, § 2: Substitute semi-colon for full stop after "available."
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