I. Variation transmitted by Heredity,

a. Natural Selection. 5. Sexual Selection.
4. Physiological Selection.
5. Isolation.
6. Correlation of Growth.
7. Adaptation to Environment (Intelligent as opposed to Mechanical Caasation.)
The Dhydn-Chohanic Impulse, constituting Lamarck's "in- herent and necessary" law of development It lies behind all minor agencies.
Species.
B.
THE ErROPEAN PAL-EOLITHTC RACES: WHENCE, AND HOW
DISTRIBUTED.
Is Science opposed to those who maintain that, down to the Quaternary period, the distribution of the human races was widely different from what it is now? Ts Science against those who, further, maintain that Ibe fossil men found in Europe — although they have almost reached a plane of sameness and unity which continues till this day, regarded
78o
THE SECRET DOCTRIKB
from the fundamental physiological and anthropological aspects — still differ, sometimes greatly, from the type of the now existing popula- tions? The late M. Littr^ admits this in an article published by him in the Revue des Deux Mondcs (March ist, 1S59) on the M^moire called Antiquith Critiques et Antediluvimnes by Boucher de Perthes (1849). Littre therein states that: (a) in these periods when the mammoths. exhumed in Picardy in company with man-made hatchets, lived in the latter region, there must have been an eternal spring reigning over all the terrestrial globe;* nature was the contrar>' of what it is now. and thus is left an enormous margin /or ike antiquity of those ^-^periceis^^ : he then adds (*) :
Spring, Profesaor of the Faculty of Medicine at Uigc, found in a grotto near Namnr. in the mouutain of Chauvaux, numerous human bones "of a race quite distinct from ours."
Skulls exhumed in Austria offer a great analog>' with those of negro races in Africa, according to Littre. while others, discovered on the shores of the Danube and the Rhine, resemble the skulls of the Caribs and of the ancient inhabitants of Peru and Chili. Still, the Deluge, whether Biblical or Atlantean, is denied. But further geological dis- coveries made Gaudry write conclusively:
Our forefathers were positively contemporaneous with the rhinoceros tichorrht- nus. the hippopotamus major.
And he added that the soil called diluvial in geolog>' —
Was formed partially at least after man's apparition on earth.
Upon this. Littre pronounced himself finally. He then showed the necessity, in face of "the resurrection of so many old witnesses," of rehandling all the origins, all the durations, and added that there was an age hitherto unknown to study —
Either at the dawn of the actual epoch, or, as I believe, at the beginning of the epoch which preceded it.
The types of the skulls found in Europe are of two kinds, as is well known : the orthognathous and the prognathous, or the Caucasian and the Negroid types— such as are now found only among the African and the lower savage tribes. Professor Heer — who argues that the facts of
I
* ScientUts now admit that Kurope enjoyed In the Miocene times a wann, In the Pliocene or Utcr Tertiar>-.a temperate climate. Uittrf'9 contention as to the balmy ^pringf of the Quaternary — to ^^ch deposits M. de t^ertliet* diAcovcriea of flint implenicuU are traceable tsince when the Somme has TCorn down Its valler many acom or feet)— must be accepted with much re«xv«Uoa. Tbc SommrVallry relics are ^st-glaciai, and possibly point to the immi^raiiou of savages during one wt the more temperate periods intervening between minor ages of Ice.
AFRICA IN KUROPB.
781
Botany necessitate the hypothesis of an Atlantis — has shown that the plants of the Neolithic lake-villagers are mainly of African origin. How did these plants appear in Europe if there were no former point of union between Europe and Africa? How many thousand j^ears ago did the seventeen men live whose skeletons were exhumed in the department of the Haute Garonne, in a squatting posture near the remains of a coal fire, with some amulets and broken crockery around them, and in company with the ursus spelaeus, the clephas primi- genius, the aurochs (regarded by Cuvier as a distinct species), the megaceros hibemicus — all antediluvian mammals? Certainly they must have lived in a most distant epoch, but not in one which carries us further back than the Quaternary. A much greater antiquity for man has yet to be proved. Dr. James Hunt, the late President of the Anthropological Society, puts it at nine million years. This man of Science, at any rate, makes some approach to our Esoteric computa- flon, if we leave out of the computation the first two semi-human, ethereal Races, and the early Third Race.
The question, however, arises— who were these Palaeolithic men of the European Quaternary epoch? Were they aboriginal, or were Ihey the outcome of some immigration dating back into the unknown past? The latter is the only tenable hypothesis, as all Scientists agree in eliminating Europe from the category of possible "cradles of man- kind." Whence, then, radiated the various successive streams of "primitive" men?
The earliest Palasolilhic men in Europe — about whose origin Ethno- logy is silent, and whose very characteristics are but imperfectly known, though expatiated on as "ape-like" ty imaginative writers such as Mr. Grant Allen — were of pure Atlantean and "Africo"- Atlantean stocks.* (It must be borne in mind that by this time the Atlantean Continent itself was a dream of the past.) Europe in the Quaternary epoch was very different from the Europe of to-day, being then only in process of formation. It was united to Northern Africa — or rather to what is now Northern Africa — by a neck of laud running across the present Straits of Gibraltar — Northern Africa thus consti- tuting as it were an extension of the present Spain, while a broad sea filled the great basin of the Sahara. Of the vast Atlantis, the main bulk of which sank in the Miocene, there remained only Ruta and
* " Whence Uiey [Uie old cave-ocn] came, we cannot tell " (Grant AUcn). " Tbe paliKoUihic hunters of the Somme Valley did not origitinte in that Inhospitable cUmate, bat moved into Europe £rom 5ome more genial region" (Dr. Southall, Epixh 0/ the Mammoth, p. 315).
78r?
THE SECRET DOCTRINK.
Daitya and a stray island or so. The Atlantean connections of the forefathers* of the Palxolithic cave-men are evidenced by the up- turning of fossil skulls in Europe, reverting closely to the type of the West Indian Carib and ancient Peruvian — a mystery indeed for all those who refuse to sanction the ** hypo thesis" of a former Atlantic continent to bridge what is now an ocean. What are we also to make of the fact that while de Quatrefages points to that "magnificent race,'* the tall Cro-Magnon cave-men, and to the Guanches of the Canary I Islands, as representatives of one type. Virchow also allies the Basqacj with the latter in a similar way? Professor Retzius independently proves the relationship of the aboriginal American dolichocephalotxs tribes and these same Guanches. The several links in the chain of ^ evidence are thus securely joined together. Legions of similar facts ^ could be adduced. As to tlie African tribes — themselves diverging offshoots of Atlanteans modified by climate and conditions — they crossed into Europe over the peninsula which made the Mediterranean an inland sea. Fine races were many of these European cave-men, as the Cro-Magnon, for instance. But, as was to be expected, progrm is almost non-axisicnt through the whole of the vast period allotted by Science to the Chipped-Stone age.f TTie cyclic impulse downwarii weighs heavily on the stocks thus transplanted — the incubus of the Atlantean Karma is upon them. Finally, Palaeolithic man makes room for his successor — and disappears almost entirely from the Professor Andre Lefevre asks in this connection:
Has the Polished succeeded the Chipped-Stone Age by an imperceptible IransI tion, or was it due to an invasion of brachycephalous Kelts? But whether the deterioration produced in the populations of \a V£z£re was the result of violent crossings, or of a general retreat northwards in the wake of the reindeer, is little moment to us.
He continues:
. * — ,i. '
be m
1
Meantime the bed of the ocean has been upheaved, Europe is now fully formed, her flora and fauna are &xed. With the tamiug of the dog begins the pastoral life.
* The pure Atlantean stocks— of which the tall Quaternary cavc-mui vrere, in part, the direct dcMCCudants— immigrated iolo Europe Iodk prior to the Glacinl period; in fact as Tar back as ibc Pliocene and Mioccue times iu the Tertiflry. The worked Miocene flitit* of Tlienay. and the tmoe* of Pliocene man dlacorered by ProrcMor Capcllini in Italy, arc wilncssca to the fact. Thc*e colonutA were portions of the once glurious Kacv, whose cycle from the Eocene onwards had becti running down the scale.
t The anisUc skill displayed by the old cave-men rcuders the hypothesis which regards them aa approximations to tbc pithccnnthropns alntua— thst very mythical Hseckelian mooster — an absurdiiy requiring no Huxley or Schmidt to expose it. We see in their skill in engraving a g-leaiti of AUan* lean culture atariatlcally rcUppearlng. It will be remembered that DouocUy rcsards modcra Hnro- peas dvUUatioa as « ftnaUsanct of the AUautetn. ^AttaiUit, pp. a37->64.}
A TARDY ADMISSION. 783
HITe enter on those polished stone and bronze periods, which succeed each other at irregular intervals, which even overlap one another in the midst of ethnical migra- tions and fusions, at once more confused and of shorter duration than less advanced and more rudimentary ages. The primitive European populations are interrupted in their special evolution, and without perishing, become absorbed in other races, engulfed, as it were, by the successive waves of migration overflowing from Africa, possibly from a lost Atlantis [? far too late by aeons of years] and from prolific Asia. On the one hand came the Iberians, on the other Pelasgians, Ligurians, Sicanians, Btruscans — all forerunnera of the great Aryan Invasion [Fifth RaceJ*
* J%iiosopky //istorieat and Oituait Pt. XL p. 504, chap., "On Organic BvolaUon.**