Section 88

F f f . a in
^84- Natural Magick. 2?oo^ 18.
ina^ain, having meafured afixtpart, ardhc found what certain quantity of water anfwered to the quantity of the Silver : then he put in the lump of Gold into the fall veflel , and taking that forth , by the fame realcn he found that not fo much water ran forth, but fomuch lefs of the body of the Gold was lefs than the fame weight in Silver. Then lie filled the vtffel with water, and put in the Crown, and he found that mere water ran forth by reafon of the Crown, than for the mafs of Gold of the fame weight , and from thence becaufc more water run over by reafon of the Crown, than for the Gold lump, he rcafoned that there mufl be a mixture in the Crowe. This was the Greeks invention, that is worthy of praife, but the operation is difficult ; for in things of fmall quantity the theft cannot be difcerncd , nor can this reafon appear fo cleat to the eye , where the obfclute fafhion cf the veflel was wanting. Now a wa> is invented how for all money, be it never lo fmall , we can tell presently , and we want ;not m*ny iuftruments, that we may cry, We have overfounded Vpereureka, Vpereurekay we have gone beyond Archimedes his Eureka. The way is this
To tyow any part of Silver mingled with Take a irrfec* ballance , snd put in cne fcale any Metal, in the other as much of the fame Metal, hut ihc pureflof its kind; and when the fcales hang eveji intheAir^ put them imo a veflel full of water, and let them down under waterabout half a foot: ThenwUir.be a fcrmge wonder, frr the ballances that hang equal in the Air, will change their ffature in the water , and will be unequal: forthe impure Metal will be uppermoft, ar.d the cure will fmk to the bcrroro. The reafon is, becaufe pure Gold compared with that kind, is heavier than all impure Gold, becaufe pure Gold takcth lefs place ; wherefore it will v ay heavier by the former reafon. If then we would kni.whcw much Silter is in that Gold, put as much pure Gold in the other fcale, as will make the ball:oces equ,al under the waters ; when they are equal take them up, and the- weight you added under water, will be the weight of the mixture. If yon would kncjwuow much Gold is upon a vtffel Gilded, put the Cupia one fcale , and as much -pure Silver in the other that the fcales may hang equal in the Air; then pot them into the water, and the veflel will fir.k down ; put into the other fcale as much pure Gold , as will make them equal under water , draw them forth, and that is the weight of the Gilt of the plate : Youfhall do the fame for Silver, Brafs, Iron, white or black Lead. But would you know whether in Money > Braf; be mingled with Silver, or Coin be adulterated with Copper; put the Money interne fcaJe, and as much of the fineft Silver into the other, ballance them equal ; then put them under the water, the Money will go down ; adde as much Brafs as will make the fcales equal, then take them forth , and it will be the weight of t he mixture. Now will I fet the weights of Metals, how much they weigh more in the waters, rhan in the Air,where- by without any other experiment we may know mixtures. A n Iron-ball that weigh- ed nighteen ounces in the Air , will weigh fifteen in the waters ; whence it is that a Ball of the fame magnitude muft ewe three ounces to the water; whereforethe rropertioncf Iron in the Air to the fame in the waters, is as fifteen to nineteen. A Leaden Kullet of the fame magnitude, weighs 3 1 ounces in the Air, in the water but 27: A Marble Bullet little Ids for bulk, weighs 7 in the Air, and 5 in the water: Copper weighs 16 in the Air, and 12 in the waters: Silver weighs in the Air 125, in the waters 113: Brafs in the Air weighs 6 5 Karats, and cne grain , in the waters 5 o Kara;s and two prains : Crown Geld in the Air weighs 66 grains, in the waters 62 : Gold called Zechini in the Air weighs 17 Karats, under water 16 Karats: Turkifh Du.at Gold weighs in the Air 34, under waters % 2 : Common French Crown Gold weighr in the Air 67, underwaters 60: Common Crown Gold of Hungary that is old, in the Air weighs 1 7, in the water 16: Crown Gold of Tartary weighs id in the Air, and 14 under water.
THE
THE
NINETEENTH BOOK
O F
Natural Magick :
Concerning VVind-Inftruments.
The Proem i.
T Have fptken concerning light and heavy , now follow experiments by wind : for thefe feem to follow the reafons of Mathematics, and of the Air, and water , and * Philofopher •wfo feeksy to find things profitable, and admirable for mans ufe, muft infifl on thefe things, contemplate And fearch them out, in no thing doth the Majejly of 'Hat me (bine forth more. There are extant the famous ^Monuments of the mofi learned Heron of Alexandria, con~ cernmgwind foftrumcnts, Iwilladde fome that are new , to give an occafion to fearch out greater matters.
Chap. I.
Whether material Statues may fpcakbj any Artificial way.
Have read that in fome Cities there was a Cohffus of Brafs, placed on a mighty high Pillar, which in violent tcmpcfts of wind from the nether parts , received a great blaft , that was carried from the mouth to a Trumpet , that it blew flrongly , orelfe founded fome other InHrument, which I believe to have been eafie, becaufc I have feen the like. Alfo, I read in many men of great Authority , that Albertus iJdagnut made a head that fpeak: Yet to fpeak the truth, 1 give little credit to that man, becaufe all I made trial of from him, I found to befalfe, but what he took from other men. I will fee whether an Image can be made that will fpeak. Some fay that Alberttu by Aftrological ele&ions of times,did perform this wonderful thing : but I wonder how learned men ceuld be foguld; for they know the Stars have cofuch forces : Some think he did it by Magick Arts. And this I credit leaft of all , fince there is no man that prefeffeth himfelf to know thofe Arts but Impoftors and Mountebanks , whilft they cheit ignorant men and fimple women; nor do I think that the Godly man would profefs ungodly Arcs. But I fuppofe it may be done by wind. We fee that the voice or a found,will be con- veighed entire through the Air, and that not in an infiant, but by degrees in time. We fee that Brafs-guns, which by the force of Gun-powder, make a mighty noife, if they be a mile off, yet we fee the flame much before we hear the found: So hand-Guns make a report , that comes at a great diftance to us, but fome minutes of time are required for it, for that is the nature of founds ; Wherefore founds go with time , and are entire without interruption , uclefs they breakupon feme place. The Eccho proves this, for it ftrikes whole againft a wall , and fo rebounds back , and is refle&ed as a beam of the Sun. Moreover, as I laid in this work, words and voices go united together, and are carried very far entire, as they are fpoken at firft. Thefe therefore being laid down for true grounds; if any man (hall make leaden Pipes exceeding long , two or three hundred paces long (as I have tried) and (hall fpeak in them fome or many word?, they will be carried true through thofe Pipes,
$6 Natural Magick. ®00^ip.
and be heard at the other end, as they came from the fpeakers mouth t wherefore if that voice goes with time,& hold entire,if any man as the words arc fpoken (hall (iop the end of the Pipe,and he that is at the other end (hall do the like,the voice may be intercepted in the middle , and be (hut up as in a prifon ; and when the mouth is opened, the voice will come forth, as out of his mouth chat fpakeit: butbecaufe fuch long Pipes cannot be made without trouble , they may be bent up and down like a Trumpet, that a long Pipe may be kept in a fmall place j and when the mouth is open , the words may be underftood. I am now upon trial of it : if before my Book be Printed the bufinefs take effeft, I will fee it down j if not, if God pleafe I (hall write of it clfewhere.
C H A P. II.
Of Inftrttmtnts Miiftcal made with water.
OLd Water-] nftruments were of great efteem , but in our days the ufe is worn out : Yer We read that T^ero took fuch delight in them, thac when his Life and Empire were in danger , amongftthe feditionsof Souldiers and Commanders, and all was in imminent danger , he would not forfake the care of them , and pleafure he took in them. Vitrttvint teacheth us how they were made , but fo obfcurcly and myftically, thac what he fays is very little underftood. I have tryedthis by many and fundry ways, by mingling air with water, which placing in the end of a Pipe, or in my mouth, where the breath of the mouth flrikes againft the air; and though this made a pleafant noife, yet it kept no tune : For whillt the water bubbles , and trembles or warbles like aNitingale, the voice is changed in divers tunes , one noteisfweet and pleafant, two, fquele and jar. But this way it will make a war- bling found, and keep the tune. Let there be made a Brafs bottom'd Cheft for the Organ, wherein the wind muft be carried j let it behalf full of water, let the wind be made by bellows , or fome fuch way that muft run through a neck under the wa- ters j but the fpirit that breaks forth of the middle of the water, is excluded into the empty place : when therefore by touching of the keys, the flops of the mouths of the Pipes arc opened, the trembling wind coming into the Pipes,makes very pleafant trembling founds, which I have tried and found to be true.
Chap. HI.
Of fome Experiments bj Wind-lnftrtimenls.
NOw will I proceed to the like Wind-In^ ruments , but of divers forts that irife by reafon of the air, and I (hall (hew how it is dilated, comra&ed, rarificd by
fire,condenfed by cold. If you will
'That a vejfel turned downwards (hall draw in the water ', do thus : Mtke a veffel with a very long neck ; the longer it is, the greater wonder ic will feem to be : Let it be of transparent Glafs, that you may fee the water running up; fill this with boiling water, and when it is very hot, orfetting the bottom of it to the fire , that it may not prefently wax cold, the mouth being turned down- wards that it may touch the water, it will fuck it all in. So fuch as fearch out the su- ture of things fay, That by the Sun beams the water is drawn up, from the Concave places of the Earth to the tops of Mountains, whence fountains come forth. And no fmall Arts arife from hence, for Wind-Inftrumencs , as Heron affirms. Vitrnvim fpraks the like concerning the original of Winds : but now it is come to be ufed for homes. For fo may be made
A veffel to cafi forth wind. You tmy make Brafs Bowie?, or of fome other matter : let them be hollow , and round, with a very imall hole in the middle, that the water is put in at : if this be
hard)
Of Tneumatic/^Experiments. 58^
ufc the former experiment: when this is fet at the fire it grows hot, and being it hath no other vent, it will blow firongly frcm thence , but the biaft will be moid and thick, and of an ill favour. You may alio nuke
vejfet that (hall caft fort h water, There is carried about with us a Glafs veffel , made Pyramidal , with a very narrow loEg mouth, with which it calls water very fareff. That it may craw water ; fuck out. the air with your mouth, as much as \ou can, and prclently ihrd'i the mouth in- to the water , for it will draw the water into it , do fo until a third part of it be fi- led with water. When \ou will fpcut the water afareff, fill the veffel with air, blowing into it as hard as yon can; prefent ly take it from your mouth , and incline the mouth of the veffel , that the water may run to the mouth , and flop the air; and the air ftriving to break forth, will call the water cut a great way. Eut if you will without attraction of Air, make water fly far v/ith it , heat the bottom of the veiTel a little: for the air being rarefied fecks for more place , and (hiving tobreak forth , drives the water before it. Thus drunkards making a little hole in a veffel of wine, becaufe the wine will not run out , the meuth bcin^ flopr, whereby the air might enter, they will blow hard into that hole; then as they leave rff, the wine will come forth in as great quantity, as the air blowed in was. Now I will (hew
How to make water afcend conveniently. We can make water rife to the top of a Tower : Let there be a leaden Pipe that may comcfromthc bottom tothe top of the Tower , and go down again from the top to the bottcm, as a Conduic : let one end fland in the water that we defire fhould rife, the other end that mult be longer and hang down lower , mud be faftned into a vel- fel of wood or earth that it may take no air at all : let it have a hole above the veffel, whereby the veffel may be filled with water, and then be ftopt perfectly. Seta veffel on the top of the Tower, as capacious as ihat beneath , and the leaden pipe now fpokc of, muft be fallned at one end of the veffel, and go forth at the other end, and mult be in the upper part of the veffel, and let the pipe be divided in the middle, within the veffel , and where the pipe enters , and where the pipe goes out, they muftbejoynted, that they take no air : when therefore we would have the water to afcend, fill the veffel beneath with water , and fop it clofe that it take no air, then opening the lower hole of thevcflel , the water will run forth; for that pare of water that runs out of the veffel, will caufeasmuch to rife up at the other end by the other leaden pipe, and afcend above the Tower ; the water drawn forth is filled op again , we may make our ufe of it , and the hole being (topt, the lower veffel may be filled again with water , and fo doing we (hall make the water to efcend tways. We may alio
Bj\ heat alone make the water rife,
Let there be a veffel above the Tower, either of Brafs, Clay, or Wood, Brafs is beft: let there be a pipe in the middle of it, that may defcend d own to the water beneath, and be fet nnder it, but fattned that it take no air : let the veffel above be made hoc by the Sun,or fire,for the air that is contained in the veffel rarefies and breathes forth; whereupon we fhall fee the water rife into bubbles : when the Sun is gone , and the veffel grows cold, the air is condenfed, and becaufe the air included cannot fill up the vacuity , the water is called in, and afcends thither.
Chap. TV*
A difcnption of water Heur-glajfes, wherein Wind or Water- Inurnment s for to (hew the Honrs are defcrtbed.
THe Antients had Hour-Dials made by water , and Warer- Dials wereufual, and famous. Heron of Alexandria writ Books of Water* Dials, but they are loft. I hive writ a Book of them, and that this part may not be deficient, I (hall (new two
that
Natural Magick. Soo^ip.
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that are wade by contraries, one by blowing in the air , the other by fucking it out. This (hill be the firft.
A Water-Vial.
Take a veffel of Glafs like a Urinal , it is defcribed by the letters A B : On the top is A, where there is a very fmall hole, that the point of a needle can fcarce enter it ; at the bottom neer the mouth, lee there befctaftaff E F, that in the middle hath a firm Pillar going up to the very top of the veffel, let the Pillar be divided with the Hour- lines. Let there be alfo a wooden cr earthen veffel G H, full ofwaiei : Upon the fuperficies of thai water, place the Glafs veffel A B, that by its weight will prefs toward the bottom, but the air included within the veil el , keeps it from soing down : then open the little hole A s whereby the air going forth by de- grees, the veffel will gradually defcend alfo. Then make by another Dial , the marks on the Itaff C D, which defending will afterwards fhewchc Hour- marks. When therefore the veflel goes to the bot- tom of the wooden veffel, the Dial is done, and it is the lali Hour : But when you would have your Dial go again, you muff have a crooked empty pipe, O K, the upper mouth K muff be tiqpt with the finger K ; fo K being tfopt v.ith the hnger, that the air may not enter , fink it under the water, that it may come within the veffel A B: then put your mouth to K, and blow into it , for that will rahe the veffel upward, and it will come to its former place and work again. I fhall alfo defcribe for my minds fake