Section 87

Chap. IT.
How we may by drinking^ make fport with thofe that fit at Table with us.
CHAP*
Natural Magick, 2?oo^i8
Chap. III. ' How to part wine from water it it mingled with,
FRom thefe I fliall eafily fhew two things, that a heavy body (hut up in a Glafs vcf- fcl, having the month of it put within a lighter liquid body , they mil mutually give place , the lighter will afcend the heavier will defcend, and that without any hindrance one of the other, which I (hall demo nit rate from the former principals. Let the Glafs be turned downwards, and full of water, be, A B, the water is heavior than the wine : Let the mouth of it B, be put into the veflel C D, that is full of wine. Thefe are bodies that will mutually yield one to the other as I (hewed. I fay the water will defcend into the veflel C D, and the wine will afcend into the veflel A B, where the water was before. For the water, becaufe it was contain'd in the veflel A B, it being heavy, prcfleth the wine in the veflel C D, that is lighter ; and becaufe there is no body between them , the water defcends on one fide into the veflel C D, and the wine afcends on the other fide into the veflel A B. Now if the wine be red, that you may fee the difference of their colours, yon (hall fee the wine afcend through the middle of the water , as far as the bottom of the upper veflel that is pot downward into the other , and the water to defcend haftily to the bottom of the v$ffel C D, and one defcends as low as the other rifeth high ; and if the liquors can> not be feen diftinguifhed , yet one goeswithcut any hindrance of the other, and without mingling, into its own place; and it will be a pleafant fight to beholdthe wine going up, and the water falling down t and when they reft, they will be fo well parted, that not the leaf? wine can remain with the water , nor water with the wine. Wherefore, if you put into a Hogfhead full of wine , a long neck'd Glafs full of water, in a (hort time the veflel turned downwards will be full of wine, and the water will go down into the Hog&had. By this any man may cafily conjc&ure
How to part water from witte, becaufe oft-times Country people and Vintagers ufe deceit, and bring wine min- gled with water , to be fold to the Merchant : we may eaiily prevent theircrafc by this Art. Let there be underneath a veflel filled with wine , that is mixed with wa- ter, and we would feparate the water from the wine : But firft there moft be a vef- lel that can receive all the wine, that is mingled in the other veflel ; and if we know not the quantity, we mutt conjecture at it , how much it may be , of fomething lefs : then fill thefaid veflel with water, and fet it with the mouth downwards on the other veflel , that is full of wine and water, mingled together ; and let the upper pan of the veflel turned downwards, touch the upper part of the lower liquour , that no Air may enter , for then the water will prcfently defcend into the veflel underneath, and the lighter part of the mingled liquor will afcend, and the water will fink downg and if it be all wine , it will all afcend , no wine will day with the water ; if any thing flay behind , you muft know that fo much water was mingled with the wine, which may eafily be known by the fmell and cafte , if you do it as it (hould be done. Then take a veflel that will hold more of the fame liquor, and put it into a veflel un- derneath, till it takes it all in , whence by the proportion of the wine afcended, and of the water , any man may know eafily how much water is mingled with the wine. But for convenience, let the Vial that fh all hold the water be of around belly, and the hole not very great, and let the veflel under, that contains the wine, have a narrow mouth, that the upper round mouth may the better joyn with the undermolt , and no Air come in. But becaufe it happeneth oft, that the upper Ball, when it hath drank in all the wine > the wine will not fill it , and we would pare the water from the wine ; take therefore the round Glafs in your hand , and turn k about with the mouth upwards , then will the wine prefently rnrn about and come uppermoft, which may by a tongue laid in, be all call'd forth. Be careful to fee when the wine is all drawn out, remove the tongue, and the water will remain pure.
Chap.
Of ftaticl^ Experiments.
Chap. IV.
How otherwise jost may part water from wir.e.
I Can do this another way, not by levity and gravity,as I faid, but by thinnefs and thicknefs ; for water is the thionclt of all liquors , becaufe it is fimple, but wine be ing coloured , and colour crmes from the mixture of the Elements , it h more corpulent: Wherefore to part wine frcm water we moll provide a matter that is full of holes , and make a veffel thereof, into which the wine poured with the water, may drean forth ; for the water will dreanferch through the pores of the matter, that is opened by a mingled and corpulent bodv. And though many kinds of wood 'be fit, yet Ivy is the belt , becaufe it is fuil of pores and chinks: wherefore if you nuke a veffel of Ivy wood that is green, and pour into it wine mingled wLh warer, she water will inafhort time drean out ; Yet I fee that all the A ntients and mo- dern Writers thought the contrary, yet both reafonand experience are againft them. Fot Gtto faith, If you would know whether there be water put to your wine, make a veffel of Ivy, put ycur wine you think is mixed with water, into it : if there be any water, the wine will run forth, and the water flay behind , for an Ivy vef- fel will hold no wine. And TUvy from him: The Ivy is laid to be wondctful for proof of wine. If a v ffel be made of Ivy-wood, the wine will run forth, and the water will flay behind , if any were mingled with it : Wher upon both of them are to be noted for a twofold error, becaufe they fay it comes from the wonderful facul- ty of the Ivy , whereas every porous wood t an do the fame : Again, he faith that the wine will run forth, and the water flay behind, whereas it is the contrary. But 'Democrittu thought wha' was truett and more probable, whoufed not an Ivy veffel, but one full of holes; faith he, they pour it into a new earthen pot not yet feafone^, and hang it up fcr two days , the pot, faith he, wLl leak , if any water be mingled with it. Democritas ufed another Art fot the fame purpole. Seme flop the mouth of the veffel with a new Spunge dipt in Oyl, and incline it, and let it run forth ; if there be water in it, onely the water will run fcrtb , which experiment alfo he ufeth in Oyl : For the Spunge is full of holes, and open enough , and being dipt in Oyl, that hinders that the liquor cannot run forth fo eafily. Africanm adds another rea. fon : Pur liquid Alom into a veflel of wine , then ftop the mouth with a Spunge dipt in Oyl , and incline it, and let i: run forth ; for nothing but the water will tun out : For the Alom binds the liquors, that they drean forth very {lowly.
Chap. V. Another way to part a light body mingled with a heavy,
IHaveanotber Art to feperate a light body from a heavy , or wine from water, or by another way. Make a linnen tongue, or of bombaft , and dip it into the veffel, where wine is mingled with water, and let the tongue fwim above without the li- quor , and afcend above it , and fo hang pendulous out of the veflel , for the lighter liquor will afcend by the tongue, and drop on the ouifide ; but when the lighter afcends , it attra&s the heavy alfo : wherefore, when you fee the colour change, take the veffel away , for the water runs forth. It is evident that the wine being lighter, will always afcend to the top of the veffel, and run forth by the tongue ; though all Vintners fay the contrary , that the water will run forth by the tongue, and that the wine will ftay within.
Fff
I
Chap.
Natural Magick. $00^ 18
Chap. VI.
How light is mingled in heavy ^or heavy in light,
XTVfE can eafily know whether any light matter is mingled with heavy, or any heavy muter with light : And I will expound the manner out of Archimedes his Book, concerning things that fwim above water $ the caufe whereof is , that if Wood,ftone, or any heavy Metal, be equal in weight to the fame quantity of w.l- tet , the utmoft fuperficies of the body will be equal with the fuperficies of the wa- ter ; if it weigh hcavior, it will fink to the bottom ; if it be lighter, the lighter it i.t then the water , fo much of it will fwim above the water. Since therefore this is* true, and wine is heavior then water, one and the fame thing will fink more in wine, than in water, and in thicker wa'er the lefs. Wherefore vcffels are more drown'd in River?, than in the Sea ; for Sea-water is thicker and more heavy, by rea- fon of its fait mingled with it ; as alfo we have it in Alexander. If therefore you would know
Whether water be mingled with wine.
Put the wine you fufpe& to be mingled with water, into fome veffel, and put an Apple or Pear into it ; if the Apple fink, the wine is pure ; but if it flote, the wine hath water mingled with it , becaufe water is thicker than wine: Which Democri- tm faith is contrary and falfe. He faith it is neceffary fometimes to commit the Care of the wine of new wine to Stewards and Servants , alfo the Merchant hath the like rcalon to try,whether his wine be pure. They ufc to caft an Apple into the veffel, buc wildc Pears arethebeft; others caft in a Locuft ; others a Grafliopper, and if thcyfwim, it is pure wine, but if they fink, it is mingled with water. But if you feekto know
If new wine have any water mingled with it,
it will be the contrary for the contrary reafon. For wine that is pure and fincere is thin, but new wine at firft: is thick, feculent, grofs, clammy, becaufe the feces are not yet funk down , but in time it will grow cleat and tbin. Wherefore if you put Apples or Pears inco new wine, and the new wine be moftpure, the Apples will flote above it; but if there be water mingled with it, the Apples will fink to the bottom : for freeze-watcr is thinner than new wine, and lighter, it caufeth the Ap- ple to fink, which is excellent well defctibed by Sohon, and very curioufly. He faith, That we may know whether new wine be mingled with water, caft wildePear?, that is green ones , into new wine, and if there be any water, they will fink to the bot- tom. For when you fill the veffel with new wine , if you caft in Services or Pears they will Iwim, the more water you put to it, the more will the Apple fink. But we fball adde this for an addition,
When new wine is mingled with water •, to know which fart is the befi^ the upper or
lower part.
The Country people ufe after the preffing forth of the wine, when the clutters arc prefled forth, to caii in a certain quaimity of water, and fo they make drink for la- borers in the Countrey. This new wine they divide, the Country man hath half, and the Landlord the other half: The queftion is which part isthebeft , the firft, or laa,that runs forth of the prefs» But if you well remember what I faid before, the wine being the li°bteft will come uppermoft, and the water being heavieft , will al- ways fink to the bottom. Wherefore the firft that comes forth is the wine , that which remains, and is preffed from the clufters, is watry. When water is caft on the clufters, k^pes into the inmoft parts of the Grapes, and draws forth the wine that is in them, and fo they mingle ; but being lighter, it cboofeth the upper place, there- fore the upper part is beft, becaufe it contains naoft wine : but if you turn the Cock beneath, the water will firft run forth, and the wine laft.
CHAP.
Of Static!^ Experiments.
Chap, VII. Other ways how to part wine from water,
THcrc arc other ways to do it, as by diftiliing. For in drilling the light eft wilf afcendfirH, then the heaviett, when the fire is not toollrong; ; nd that is but reafon: wherefore that the liquor may afcend, it murt firft be attenuated into thin vapours, and become lighter: therefore wine being thinne-r than water , if it be put in a ftill in Balneo,the lighted vapour of wine will afcendby degrees, and fall into the receiver : You ftiall obicrve the Aqua vita that diftills into the veflel, and by the quantity of that , you may judge cf the proportion of water mingled with the wine. Alfo note, that when the lighter! part of the wine is aicended , the heavy feces re- main, as water, or as part or the wine. Oft-times ipour diftillations, when Aqua vita was diftilled in Balnco,by chance the veflel brake that comain'd the Aquavit*, and mingled with the water in the kettle: I put the mingled liquor into a Glals vei- fel, and putting a foft fire to it, nift csme forth the pure s/iqua vita, fimgle with- out any water , the water 11 ayed in the bottom, and kept not fo much as the fmell cf the Aqua vita. By the veins running in the cup, I knew the waier afcended. 1 will not omit (though it be for another reafon) for plcafure and ingenuity to (hew
The manner to part water from wine, that by this means we may know how much water is mingled in the veflel. Take the quantity of the wine, and put it intoaGlafs Vial, and put the Vial into very cold water, that all that is in the Vial may freeze, as I fhew'd : If t he wine be finccre and pure, it will be the harder to freeze, and longer ; if it have much water, it will freeze the fooner : When the wine is frozen^break the Vial upon a difli, the ice mult melt by degrees ; firft the wire, becaufe that is hotter : than the water will remain frozen ; Part the wine from it, for it will be longer thawing : by proportion of this, you may know what part of water was put into the veflel.
Chap. VIII.
How the levity in the water and the air, is different, and what cunning may
be wrought thereby.
NOw I will fpeak of heavy and light, otherwife than I fpike before; namely, how it is in the air, and how in the water, and what fpeculation or profit may rife from thence. And firft how we may know whether a Metal be pure , or mingled with other Metals , as Gold and Silver, as in Gilded cups, or elfc in moneys : where Silver or Gold is mingled with Brafs , and what is their feveral weights : which fpe- culationis ufefui notonely for Bankers , but alfo for Ch\mifts, when they defire to try Metals in fixing of Silver , or o her operations , which I will attempt to de- clare plainly. But firll I will fee whether the Antients fpeak any thing hereof. Vi~ truviut faith Archimedes did write of this : For when Hiero purpofed to offer a Gold- en Crown to the Gods in the Temple, he put it to the Goldfmith by weight ; he made the work curioufly, and maintain'd it for good to the King , and by weight ir feemed to be juft : but afterwards it was faid, that he had ftoln part of the Gold, and made up the Crown with Silver to the fullweight. Hiero enraged at this this, bad Archimedes to conhdet of it : He then by chance ccming into a Bath , when he had descended into it , heobferved that as much ©f his body as went into the Bath , fo much water ran over the Bath : when he confidered the reafon of ir, he leaped forth for joy, running home and crying Eureka-, Eureka, that is? I have found it, I have found ir. Then they fay Pie made to lumps of equal weight with the Crown, one of Gold, the other of Silver . then he filled a large veflel to the very brims with water , and he put in the lump of Silver ; the bignefs of that thruft into the water, made the water run over: wherefore taking cut the lump, what flowed over he put