V. j^ditya purdna: 1. What was a duty in the first

age, must not, in all cases y be done in the fourth; since, in the Cali-yugay both men and women are addicted to sin:
2. Such
Digitized by
Google
430 GENERAL NTOTR
2. Such BOte a studetitsliip eontiiraed for a very long time^ and the tfecessity of carrying a water-pot, mar- riage with a paternal kinswoman, or with a near ma- ternal relation, and the sacrifice of a bull,
3. Or of a man, or of a horse: and all spirituous liquor, must, in the Cb/e-age, be avoided by twice- born men; so must a second gift of a married young woman, whose husband has died before consummationy and the larger portion of an eldest brother, and pro- creation on a brother's widow or wife.
VI, Smrzti: 1. The appointment of a man to b^et a son on the widow of his brother; the gift of a young married woman to another bridegroom, if her husband should die while ske remains a virgin;
2. The marriage of twice-born men with damsels not of the same class; the slaughter, in a religious war, of JSrdhmenSy who are assailants with intent to kill ;
3. Any intercourse with a twic»-bom man, who has passed the sea in a ship, even though he have per- formed an expiation; performances of sacrifices for all sorts of men; and the necessity of carrying a water- pot;
4. Walking on a pilgrimage till the pilgrim die; and the slaughter of a bull at a sacrifice ; the acceptance of spirituous liquor, even at the ceremony called JSau-- trdmani ;
5. Receiving
Digitized by
Google
jgeotiral note. 431
5. Reoeiving what has been licked off^ at an obla- tion to fire^ £rom the -pot of clarified butter ; entrance into the third order^ or that of a hermit^ though or- dained /or the first ages;
6. The diminution of crimes in proportion to the religious acts and sacred knowledge of the offenders; the rule of expiation for a Brahmen extending to death ;
7. The sin of holding any intercourse with sinners; the secret expiation of any great crimes except theft; the slaughter of cattle in honour of eminent guests or of ancestors;
8. The filiation of any but a son legally begotten or given in adoption by his parents ; the desertion of a lawful wife for any offence less than actual adul- tery :
9. These parts of ancient law were abrogated by wise legislators, as the cases arose at the begin- ning of the Cb/f-age, with an intent of securing man- kind from evil.
On the preceding texts it must be remarked^ that none of them, except that of Vbihaspati, are cited by CuLLu'cA, who never seems to have considered any other laws of Menu as restrained to the three first ages; that of the Smnti, or sacred code, is quoted without the name of the legislator; and that the pro* hibition, in any age^^ of ^elf ^defence, even against
Brdhmensj
Digitized by
Google
432 GENERAL NOTE.
Brdhmensy is repugnant to a text of SuMAmru^ to the precept and example of Crishna himself, according to the Mahdbhdraty and ieven to a sentence in the Feddy by which every man is commanded to defend his own life from all violent aggressors.
Digitized by
Google
N O T E S^
CHAP. I.
Verse 15. In Hindu metaphysicks, * the five perceptions of sense imply, the sight as referable to the eyes, the hearing to the ears, the scent to the nose, the taste to the tongue, and the touch to the skin. By 'the five organs of sensation * (sense?), are intended the hand, the foot, the voice, the organ of generation, and that of excretion. The commentator identifies what is mentioned here with what is said Chap. II. verses 90 and 91, but the difierence in the denominations would lead to a doubt whether the same ob- jects are intended in the two places ; for in the latter verses the first class are termed * organs of sense,* and the second * organs of action.' Were it not for this interpretation of the passage. Chap,