CHAPTER III.

A GALAXY OF STATES.

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania and Delaware— Stateliness of the Building of the Empire State-
Money Liberally Expended on Wall, Ceiling, Floor, Vestibule, Arch, Column and Balustrade —
The Pennsylvania Building — Many Prefer It To Any in the Group — A Very Beautiful Structure
Throughout— New Jersey Reproduces the Washington Headquarters at Morristown— A Revo-
lutionary Flavor and No Mistake— Delaware, Which Raised the First Money for the Exposition,
Has a Picturesque Building.

EW York is fully justified in the pride she takes in her
building. Not only is it the third in size — ranking
next to California — but the Knickerbockers claim it
occupies the finest location in the group, being on two
main boulevards and just north of the Art Palace. The
architectural idea in this building is that of a huge sum-
mer house, or villa in character, rectangular in form and
in the style of the Italian renaissance. It is three stories
high, being fifty-seven feet from the ground to the cor-
nice. The general dimensions are 160 feet front by 105 deep.
The exterior is in staff, in imitation of marble, and in keeping
with the style of the main exposition buildings. Its decked roof
is surmounted and confined by a heavy balustrade. Each pedestal of the balus-
trade supports a large Italian vase, in which grows a bay tree, giving the building,
together with its blue and white awnings and other characteristics, the air of a
Pompeiian house.

The flat-decked roof furnishes a promenade and summer garden. From its

center rises a clerestory over the banquet hall, and above the clerestory are two

belvideres from which a magnificient view of the lake and surroundings is obtained.

On the east and west are semi-circular porticos having a diameter of fifty

feet; here twin fountains add their music to the band within.

A broad flight of steps, on the south, guarded by Barbarini, which were cast
in Rome, leads to the main entrance. About this entrance is concentrated all the
exterior ornamentation of the building. In the circular niches, on either side of
the arch of the entrance, are busts of Hudson and Columbus. Above the keystone
of the arch is the American eagle, and dependent from a staff, projecting above the
bird, is a flag bearing the State's arms.

The barreled arched vestibule, forming the entrance to the building, opens to
a columned hail, 56x80 feet in size, with a domed ceiling 45 feet from the floor.

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467

NEW JERSEY BUILDING.

From this reception room entrance is had to all the rooms on the floor. In the
rear a grand ten-foot staircase leads to the second floor. Along the walls are
pictures in Pompeiian colorings and stately mimic jonquils rise from each step.
11 ere is the banquet hall 46x80 feet, highly ornamented in staff, its groined ceiling

45 feet from the floor. It is most
sumptuous in style, far surpassing
many of the famous banqueting
rooms famous in history. Depending
from the ceiling are two crystal elec-
troliers, 18 feet long, forming great
clusters of incandescent lights. The
electric lighting throughout the build-
ing is such as to cause much com-
ment; the seal of the State is even
shown in electric splendor. Three
balconied boxes extend along the
southern length of the hall, for the
use of the governor or any other
distinguished guest who might prefer
to look on rather than participate.

It is upholstered, draped and furnished in a rich red tone, harmonizing exquisitely
with the soft cream and gold of the splendid salon. On the first floor are parlors and
toilet rooms for men and women, post-office, information and baggage rooms. On
either end of the'banquet hall, on the
second floor, are the committee, re-
ception and tea rooms. The third
floor is devoted to bedrooms, kitchens,
and servants' rooms. In this temple,
builded by the Empire State, which
cost $150,000, her loyal citizens re-
ceive and entertain distinguished
foreign guests in lavish style and dis.
pense hospitality after the principles
maintained as being " royally correct."
A plain little house painted white,
with vines trailing down the front of
it and a patch of ground broken here
and there by picturesque flower beds
in front of it, may be seen at the

southern part of the grounds. The house, which was erected under the auspices
of the New York State Board of Commissioners, is intended to illustrate a model
abode for the average workingman. It was first projected by Professor Lucy
Salmon, of Vassar College, whose ideas have been carried out by Miss Katherine
B. Davis, of Rochester. Miss Davis is a graduate of Vassar, and has taken a

DELAWARE BUILDING.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

469

great deal of interest in the welfare of the workingman. The model house is
a frame building on piles, with an elevation of a story and 'a half and covering
a lot 26 by 28 feet. On the first floor is a kitchen, a living-room and a
bath room. The second floor has two large rooms and one small one. The in-
terior walls are all painted and the ceilings can be washed with cold water. Wall
papers are eschewed as possibly dangerous to health. The house cost $1,000, and
the furnishings $300. Pennsylvania has erected a building which takes the mind

back to the_ times when Phil-
adelphia was the center of
American struggle for lib'erty.
Barring the two balconies
which run completely around
the building, it is an exact re-
production of old Indepen-
dence hall, having its entrances,
bell tower and spire. The
building is rectangular in form,
two stories high, with a ground
area of no by 166 feet. The
corners of the front are
quarter-circled in. Piazzas
twenty feet wide surround the
building, and over them are
verandas with protecting bal-
ustrade. Outside stair-cases
right and left to the rear, lead
to the garden on the roof.
This roof is covered with
American made tin produced
in Philadelphia. The outer
walls to the roof-line are of
Philadelphia pressed brick.
Above the main entrance is
tne coat-of-arms of the State,
in bas-relief, the horses on

either side of it being life-size; and to right and left heroic statues of Penn and
Franklin. The front is further ornamented with two allegorical groups of statuary,
one emblematic of the arts and sciences, the other of mines and manufacture.

The rotunda is finished in tile and slate, like the old hall, and runs through
the building and far up into the clock tower,' where it ends in a dome, richly fres-
coed and brilliantly lighted by electric lamps sunk in the ceiling. Under this dome
the famous Liberty bell may be seen, on a platform on wheels, so that in case of
fire the valuable relic can be run out of harm's way at once.

STATUARY ON DOME OF PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING.

470

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

About the rotunda on the first floor are post office, package rooms, bureau
of information, exhibit rooms and reception rooms for both men and women; the
men's sanctuary is finished in maple, while the woman's is in oak, the others being
of native marble and hardwoods from the Keystone State with wainscoted walls,
heavy cornices and handsome frescoes. The woman's parlor is covered with a cloth
of gold carpet made in Paris especially for this triangular-shaped room. The
frescoes are of pale Nile green and the walls are covered with large paintings
of a character in keeping
with the purpose of the
room. Some of the paintings
have taken honors in com-
petition, and all save one
have been painted by Penn-
sylvania women. The ex-
ception is a rare curio. It
is a portrait in oil of William
Penn, painted by Joshua
Richardson some time dur-
ing the period from 1684 to
1699, while the famous
Quaker was on a visit to
England. On the second
floor are rooms for the
governor, the press corres-
pondents, the treasurer of
the commission and the
board of commissioners.
The apartment designed for
Governor Pattison's use is
very plainly but richly fur-
nished, the prevailing color
being a deep maroon. It is
triangular in shape and the
walls are unadorned except
for the bright red frieze

which gives it color. There are also three bedrooms in the tower. In a glass,
case in the rotunda are shown some very interesting relics. Besides many
revolutionary relics, there is the original charter granted to Penn and his treaty
with the Indians, which is signed by the aborigines in their peculiar sign manuals.
The signatures are made by dipping the thumb in some highly colored fluid
and spreading the impression on the treaty. The building is supplied with 800
electric lights; the staircases are of quartered oak, all the ceilings of stamped
metal, and the whole structure cost the Pennsylvania Legislature $90,000.

STATUARY ON DOME OF PENNSYLVANIA BUILDING,

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR. 47-

The general style of the New Jersey building is colonial, and it cost $19,0x30.
The building is principally of frame construction, covered with clapboards and with
some of the ornamental portions in staff. The roof is shingled. The dimensions
of the main building are 51 feet long, 31 feet deep and 37 feet high to the ridge.
Each wing is 16 feet front, 21 feet deep and 30 feet high. The piazzas, in front and
rear, are each 68 feet long by 16 feet wide (at the widest part). The area covered,
including piazzas, is 3,949 square feet. The site of the building is centrally located
among those of the States of New York, Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Con-
necticut. It is not intended for exhibition purposes, but is more in the nature of a
club-house for the use and convenience of all Jersey people. There are large and
inviting piazzas on the front and rear. The main entrance opens into a large
general assembly hall, two stories high with a circular balcony looking down from
the second story. This hall contains the postoffice and the hat and cloak counters
a large open fire-place, nearly ten feet across, and the main staircase, this latter
being made a feature of the design. On the right hand side of the building are
located the rooms set apart especially for the ladies; these consist of the general
meeting room of the Ladies' Board of Managers, two parlors on the second floor,
with lavatories and bath-rooms. On the left hand side of the building are the
rooms set apart for gentlemen, the secretary's office, board room, president's room,
committee rooms and lavatories. In the third story are the care-takers' apartment,
and store-rooms for documents, etc.

Those familiar with the appearance of the Washington headquarters in
Morristown, N.J., will recognize in New Jersey's building the nucleus of the general
lines and details of that historic structure. The interest of the Morristown build-
ing is no doubt somewhat shared in by the New Jersey building, and it seems that
the State has done well in selecting the old headquarters as a starting point for the
design, when it is remembered that under the roof of t;he old Morristown house
more of the noted characters of the Revolution have gathered than under any roof
in America. General Washington made the building his headquarters during the
winter of 1779 and '80, and Alexander Hamilton lived there during the same long
winter, and there " he met and courted the lady he afterward Itiarried, the daughter
of General Schuyler." Celebrated men, including Green, Knox, Lafayette.
Steuben, Kosciusko, Schuyler, " Light Horse" Harry Lee, old Israel Putnam, "Mad
Anthony" Wayne, and "that brave soldier but rank traitor, Benedict Arnold,"
have all been beneath its roof. This building is used as the headquarters of New
Jersey commissioners, and is a place where every New Jerseyman and his family is
made to feel at home, where he can meet his friends, can register his address and
receive his letters. It is, in fact, a part of his own State transported to the Expos-
ition grounds.

It may not be generally known that the little Southern State of Deleware,
beyond being the producer of many distinguished statesmen and the best peaches
and the best war vessels in the world, sent more Union soldiers to the field than
any other state according to its population. It was the first state to raise money
for the Exposition, and it spent $7,500 on its building, which is constructed wholly

472

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

of native woods and materials from the State, is 58x60 feet, extremely picturesque
and elaborately furnished. One room in the building is finished in Colonial style,
with hangings and furnitute representing the Colonial days. It is very interesting,
there being figures in clay of the old Swedes' Church at Wilmington, Barratt's
Chapel, and Christ Church. Christ Church was built more than 100 years ago of
heart pine. It is without a particle of paint and has the high backed pews, the
chancel at one end, the servants' gallery at the opposite end, midway on the east
side the lofty pulpit, and immediately below the reading desk ard the clerk's desk.

ON THE JERSEY SHORE.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR. 473