D. Howells in writing his story, "A Florentine Mosaic," used paper of the size and

quality consumed by newspaper men, but his writing is very close to the angular,
stiff style adopted by fashionable women. H. C. Bunner's copy of "The Story of
the Red Handkerchief" is plain and commonplace. Women gaze with considera-
ble interest on the last sheet of manuscript in Frank R. Stockton's story of "The
Lady of the Tiger?" and ask each other "Which?"

Thomas Nelson Page is represented by some of his manuscript, and so are
Joel Chandler Harris, the other southern writer, and Bret Harte, Mark Twain, R.
H. Stoddard, and Edmund Clarence Stedman. In a frame by themselves are a
poem written just before his death by Dr. J. G. Holland, and James Russell Lo-
well's letter to Joel Benton, in which he so emphatically declared his Americanism.
In another frame is part of Frances Hodgson Burnett's tale of "Little Lord
Fauntleroy."

The various steps from the artist's original drawing to the printed illustra-
tion are shown by the things themselves. In the wood-cut series, the drawing comes
first; next the plain block of Turkish boxwood, then the boxwood coated with siz-
ing, the photograph on the wood and finally the engraved block. The half-tone
process shows the glass negative, the print from the negative to copper, the plate
bitten and etched by acid, the trial proof, the final and finished plate trimmed and
blocked and the last proof, all arranged in sequence. The methods of making elec-
trotypes and reproducing pen and ink sketches are also shown, as are the pro-
cesses of printing half-tones.

The making of a dictionary begins with a copy of the first dictionary ever
printed. It was compiled by John Bullocker and published in London in j6i6.
The second dictionary, a copy of which is shown, written by Henry Cockeran, came
out in London in 1623; the third was called "Glossagraphia," and was published by
Thomas Blount in London in 1670. The Sam Johnson dictionary, dated 1755, is the
eighth of the series, and the Imperial, the basis of the Century dictionary, was pub-

EXHIBIT OF LYON & HEALY

248 HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

lished in 1847 by James Ogilvie. The exhibit is daintily arranged and its artistic
effect is heightened by so many original wash and pen and ink drawings hung on
the walls that it looks like the black and white exhibition of a society of artists.

One feature which evidently commends the educational exhibit to many
visitors to the Fair is its simplicity. The display explains itself. No guide books
or catalogues are necessary. Where the exhibit does not speak for itself a few
lines written or printed above tell the whole story. At the same time there is as
much behind the exhibit, and more material ground for reflection in it, than in any
collective exhibit in the big building. That is why visitors of all ages and classes
stop in front of the walls and partitions upon which the educational exhibits are
displayed and examine them with more care and attention than is generally given
in the hurry of sight-seeing.

It is not difficult to discover ttye points that interest visitors the most. Every-
thing that indicates a new advance in. methods of education is quickly detected by
those who have been through the school and college mill themselves at a more or
less recent date.

"They didn't teach us that in my time — I wish they had!" is an expression
that is heard many times in the course of the day. The older men say it with a
tone of regret, which has, however, a ring of pleasure in it, doubtless prompted by
the thought that their children are profiting by the latest device for imparting
knowledge or quickening the intellect.

There is a charm, too, in an exhibition of work by children and students
which is difficult to define, but is easily understood. Many of the states and insti-
tutions making individual exhibits in the educational section make this a special
feature, and numerous are the traces of incipient genius or talent which can be dis-
covered thereby. There is as much pleasure to be derived from the discovery of a
clever stroke of pen or pencil in the work of a student as in viewing the finished
masterpiece of an older hand.

. When the sections of the department are found which have been given over
to a display of the work done in charitable institutions, in schools for the deaf and
dumb, the blind, or children of weak intellect, other considerations move visitors
to give them closer attention. There is a great deal that is actually pathetic in the
sight of this work, and more that is genuinely surprising. Many will leave the
southwest gallery of the Manufactures Building with a clearer idea of the work and
merits of such institutions than it was possible for them to have before they entered
it; and it is not at all unlikely that the special schools of this kind will profit largely
by their exhibits, as indeed they should.

Of course there are queer and odd things in the department that come in for
a due share of curious notice. In the exhibit made by the State of West Virginia
there hangs a map of the United States which is more amusing than topographi-
cally correct. Every state on the map is designated by some one of its products,
and the more widely known the product the more effective it is when used on the
map. Not a word appears on the sheet except the name of the school — Webster
School, Wheeling, West Va. — but who could fail to recognize Kentucky when a

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

24Q

little colored picture of a racehorse and another of a bottle labeled "Bourbon" are
seen together in one place; or Wisconsin with a beer bottle, Virginia with pipes
and tobacco, a little raw cotton affixed to the more Southern States, Florida with
oranges and pineapples, the State of Washington with a pile of lumber, and the
Indian Territory with an Indian and a bear.

JOINING THE GREAT ARCHES IN MANUF

BUILDING.

Pennsylvania deserves credit for making a big display of work done by
students in her high schools and training colleges. "The manual training school is
an integral part of the public school system of Philadelphia," says a placard above
one series of exhibits. "The combined course of study covers three years," con-
tinues the notice, "and the school time of the students is about equally divided be-
tween intellectual and manual exercises. Two hours a day are given to shop work,

250

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

and one hour a day to the usual high school studies." Beneath this appear samples
of work done under this rule, which vary from plain joinery to skilled mechanic's
work and electric wiring.

Photographs of blackboard drawings are the most interesting feature of
Florida's exhibit, contributed by the Volusca County Normal School. It is diffi-
cult to believe that many of these fanciful little sketches have been made with such
unpromising material as a piece of chalk in the hands of a student. In the same
case are samples of wood carving and the original designs from which they were
cut. Half a dozen specimens of artificial flower-making from the natural feathers
of birds show both skill and taste. Among them are orange blossoms, made from
the feathers of the white duck and the parroquet.

No foreign country shows off better in liberal arts than Italy, as its section
contains 18,000 square feet and is located on the interior floor in the northwest
gallery. The exhibit includes books, photographs, musical instruments and other
articles that might be included in the category of liberal arts, but nothing of an
educational nature, except what is contained in the books.

Italy is jealous of her reputation in the art of bookmaking and printing, and
has brought to the Fair some excellent specimens of work in this field. Ulrico

Hoepli, a publisher of Milan, rep-
resented by I. E. Carnini, issued
a microscopic edition of Dante in
1878, limited to 300 copies. The
volumes are only about two inches
long and an inch and a half wide.
The book might be thought more
curious than useful, but the type
is so clear, though minute, that it
can be read with ease. The type
was destroyed when the edition
was printed, so that duplication
was impossible. The original price
WINDSOR CASTLE IN SOAP. of the volume was $16, but the last

copy was sold in Boston in 1883 for

$50. The publisher is now offering $150 for second-hand copies to supply anxious
customers. A copy is on exhibition.

Limited editions of other works, reaching the opposite extreme in size, have
been published, and represent a degree of excellence in typograpy and binding
seldom seen in America. A "Life and Works of Donatello," limited to 200 copies,
sold for $75 a copy. Dante appears in all sizes, styles and quality of books, and
one edition of his works is illustrated only by German artists, selling at $75 a
volume.

Holepli has done much to popularize science in Italy, having published a
series of science manuals, which are sold at a low price. Most of his scientific books
are bound in vellum. Several American libraries are negotiating for the purchase

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR. 251

of his entire exhibit of 800 volumes as a nucleus for an Italian department. Two
other publishing houses, one from Milan and the other from Venice, are among the
exhibitors.

All the college boys visit the Yale exhibit, which consists of a general repre-
sentation of the university plant by means of ground plans on a large scale of the
various buildings in groups, together with a comprehensive collection of enlarged
photographs. The photographs have been arranged under the following heads.

1. The grounds in general. The academic and "Sheff" campus are here ex-
hibited on a large scale in separate views, and the old and new fence with the
perennial group of college loungers in plain view on the familiar rails. The build-
ings stand out in outline, only the grouping of the dormitories and laboratories be-
ing the point aimed at. The old and new buildings are exhibited in separate
groups, the old gymnasium, the old chemical laboratory, where Silliman and Morse
made the experiments which resulted in the invention of the telegraph, and many
structures unknown entirely to the modern undergraduate being all portrayed.

2. The libraries of the university, their unique appliances, the library gen-
eral, and the libraries of the various departments.

3. The general halls of the university, the lecture and recitation rooms, a
magnificent view of Osborn Hall, the costliest recitation hall in America, being
presented. Collateral views represent the apparatus used in connection with the
lectures and recitations.

4. Selected views of the interiors of the various laboratories, physical,
chemical, psychological, physiological, botanical, biological, anatomical and
bacteriological.

5. The interior and contents of the museums, especially the Peabody Museum,
its rooms and cases.

6. The art school, with its group of painting and statuary, especially the
Jarves gallery of Italian art and the Trumbull collection of historical paintings; the
class-rooms and the classes at work.

7. The social side of the university, representing students' rooms in all the
different kinds of dormitories, the secret Greek letter and senior society buildings,
the new gymnasium, recently dedicated, and the infirmary, the only college institu-
tion of its kind in America.

This exhibit, the committee believes, represents the educational facilities of
Yale, and gives as accurate a picture of the general life of the college as any which
could possibly be made.

A replica of a very beautiful statue of Dr. Gallaudet, by D. C. French, marks
the place where the National College and the Kendall School for the Deaf at
Washington, D. C., makes its exhibit. The founder of the America system of
teaching deaf mutes is shown with his arm thrown with fatherly care around a
little girl, his first pupil. From the west are specimens of work by the deaf
pupils of the Nebraska State School, in which the wood carving is quite remark-
able. Sets of wooden dumb-bells are shown, each of which is composed of several
colored woods put together, turned, and polished with great skill. Hammered

252

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

CHIEF PEABODY.

brass occupies a similar position in the work of the boys of the Minnesota Training
School for the Feeble-minded. One doubts the accuracy of the name of the in-
stitution after seeing the brass paneled fireplace in its exhibit. Brooms, brushes,
mattresses, and rag carpets are the staple exhibits of the Pennsylvania Working

Home for Blind Men, and show very
conclusively that a man may be none
the less a good workman for having had
the misfortune to lose his eyesight.
Selim H. Peabody has earned the title
of professor, as he has been a teacher
for forty years, and his varied experi-
ences in educational matters was rec-
ognized when he was appointed chief
of the department of liberal arts, Sep-
tember i, 1891. He comes from Ver-
mont, where he was born in 1830. After
receiving a common school education
in Vermont, he entered the Boston
Latin School, and afterward graduated
from the University of Vermont in 1851.

In 1852 he taught high school in Vermont. In 1854 he went to Philadelphia as pro-
fessor of mathematical engineering in the Polytechnic College. He came west in
1857, and in 1860 became superintendent of schools in Fond du Lac, Wis. In 1865
Professor Peabody came to Chicago as professor of physics in the high schools. He
was appointed professor of engineering and physics in the Massachusetts Agricul-
tural College in 1 87 1, and in 1878 came to the University of Illinois at Champaign as
professor of mechanical engineering. Two years later he was elected president of
the university, in which position he remained until he took up his present duties in
September, 1891. He organized the department of liberal arts, and has marked the
lines upon which the educational exhibits will be shown at the Fair. Professor Pea-
body is a member of many American and European educational and scientific socie-
ties. He has written many text books and works upon astronomy and entomology.
He is one of the editors of the International Encyclopedia, and is now President of the
Chicage Academy of Science.

On the afternoon of the 24th of June Chiefs Allison and Peabody arranged
what they were pleased to term a "trip around the world." This trip had been so
planned that a procession of invited ones should see bits of the handiwork and
educational methods of all the civilized peoples of the world. There were several
hundred "excursionists" present at the offices of the two chiefs when it was time to
start. Chief Peabody's party moved around the gallery to join the rest at Chief
Allison's headquarters, and then as the band played a lively march they all started
out on the momentous tour. It took two hours to make this circle of the globe and
it was time extremely well spent. Every section in the building did something to
welcome the tourists and the great hall was decorated from one end to the other.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR.

253

The flags of all nations were swung out in front of the offices, and Columbia
avenue, the main thoroughfare of this new world, was decorated on both sides
with evergreen trees, palms and dainty flowers. The clock tower, the center of
the earth, was surrounded by a little forest of palm trees and other decorative
plants. Band concerts that attracted and held a great number of people were
given there throughout the day. Chiefs Allison and Peabody received many com-
pliments from their delighted guests on the excellence of the exhibits and the fine
arrangement of their great show.

EXHIBIT OF BUSH, SIMMONS & CO., WHOLESALE HATTERS, CHICAGO.

TOTEM POLES.

HISTORY OF THE WORLD'S FAIR. 255