BOOK 1 CH. V §11. 77

pateremur qui non Latinis litteris dlustratus pateret ; Tusc. 11 1 difficile est in philosophia pauca esse ei nota cui non sint aut pleraque aut omnia.
_C. accepted the tripartite division, of post-Aristotelian philosophy, into 7Ocxn (under which may be grouped the De Finibus, De Officiis, Tus- culanae Disputationes, De Legibus, De Republica, Laelius, Cato, Paradoxa), SiaXextixr (discussed in the Academica, with which may be connected the rhetorical treatises, see Ac. I 32), @vaiy (to which belong the present treatise and its adjuncts the De Divinatione and De Fato): see Fin. Iv 3, v 4, Ac. 119, De Orat. 1 68, Leg. I. 23.
membra: so De Orat. 11 79 quingue faciunt quasi membra eloquentiae.
alia ex alia: ‘mutually ’,so § 54 aliae alias apprehendentes.
aptae: the proper passive force, as in T'usc. v 62 gladium saeta equina aptum, V. D. 111 4 apta inter sese et cohaerentia, Leg. 1 56, Tusc. v 40.
Ch. v. § 10. qui requirunt...curiosius faciunt: ‘those who want to know my own private opinion on each point, show themselves more inqui- sitive than there is any need for’. See Madv. Fin. 1 3.
auctores: Heind. reads auctoritates with B, quoting m1 10 tu auctori- tates contemnis, ratione pugnas, Leg. Man. 51 and Leg. 1 36 et scilicet tua libertas disserendi amissa est, aut tu vs es qui in disputando non tuum judi- cium sequare, sed auctoritatt aliorum pareas. We find the same sentiment in Min. F. 16 and in Jerome as there quoted by the editors,
momenta : ‘weight of argument’, lit. ‘ what turns the scale’. Cf. Ac. 1 45 cum in eadem re paria contrariis in partibus momenta rationum inveni- rentur, facilius ab utraque parte assensio sustineretur.
ipse dixit=avris éha, ‘the master said it’. So Socrates is referred to as autos by his disciples in the Vubes 196, cf. Diog. L. vir 1, 46. Both the Greek and Latin pronouns are used colloquially by slaves of their masters. Bentham coined the word ipse-dixitism to express excessive deference to authority. It was the boast of the Academics to be nudllius addicti jurare in verba magistri, see Tusc. Vv 83, Ac. I 8, 120, Grote’s Plato I 238 foll.
§ 11. quattuor Academicis: see Reid’s Introduction to the Aca- demica p. xxxi foll. There were two editions, the first appeared in two books, entitled Catulus and Lucullus, in the spring of 45 B.c., the second, which was divided into four books and dedicated to Varro, was published in the following August. We possess only the Zuwcullus and chapters 1—12 of the first book of the second edition.
lucem desiderant: ‘the doctrines do not perish though they want the light that might be thrown upon them by a living expositor’. Auctoris: subjective genitive, like lucem ingenti porrigentem et tendentem, De Orat. 1184. For the meaning of auctor here cf. Of. 11 8, where C. says of his son then studying the tenets of the Peripatetics under Cratippus at Athens, iz antiquissima philosophia Cratippo auctore versaris. The expositor, no less than the founder, may add weight to the doctrine by the authority of his name.
78 BOOK 1 CH. V § TI:
aperte judicandi: i.e. of speaking one’s opinion frankly, not imitating the Socratic efpwveia. See Augustin Ac. 1 43 ait Cicero Academicis morem fuisse occultandi sententiam suam nec eam cuiquam nisi qui secum ad senectutem usque viacisset aperire consuesse. So we read (De Orat. 1 83) of Charmadas who spoke non quo aperiret sententiam suam, for negative criticism is the mos patrius Academicis ; and Ac. 11 139 of Clitomachus who confessed his ignorance of the real opinions of his master Carneades. [Cf Ac. 1 60 quae sunt tandem ista mysteria? seq., Euseb. Praep. Ev. X1v 8 of the awéppnra of Carn., also xIv 6, Sext. Emp. 2. H. 1 234, Diog. L. 1v 33, August. Ap. 118 § 16. This notion of Academic mysteries was no doubt fostered by Plato’s half jocular use of the words dzoppnra (Phaedo 62 B), dpunto, prornpia (Theaet. 155 &). J.S. R. See also Lobeck Agl. p. 127 foll.] According to Augustine (dc. m1 41) Metrodorus of Stratonice asserted that the Academics used their negative doctrine (nihil percipi) merely as a weapon against the Stoics, and Aug. believes that they still held, as an esoteric doctrine, all that Plato had taught about the ideal world, in which exists the real truth of which the shadow alone, the vert simile, is to be found on earth (Ac. 111 37 seq.). Though C. professes here to practise the same reserve, he states his views plainly in his Aristotelian dialogues; and even in the Heraclidian dialogues like the present (see n. on Heraclides § 34) he lets it be seen to which side he thinks the probability inclines (see 111 95). However it must be owned that he succeeded in mystifying Abp. Whately in regard to his belief on such an important matter as the immortality of the soul, (see W.’s Lssays on Peculiurities of the Christian [teligion, App. B. on Cicero).
orbam: after Philo’s death. Cf Ac. 1117 Philone vivo patrocinium Academiae non defuit; and for the metaphor, Brutus 330 post Hortensti mortem orbae eloquentiae quasi tutores relicti sumus, Plato Theaet. 164 & (of the doctrines of Protagoras) eimep 6 marip tod pvdov ey, ToAAG Gy juvve’ viv O€ oppavoy avrov nets mporn aki oper.
singulas disciplinas percipere: ‘to master each system separately’.
veri—dicere: an often-repeated justification of the Academic éroyn ‘suspension of judgment’. Cf. Ac. 1. 59, Of. 11 8, Tse. 17.
§ 12 nihil—sequantur: ‘nothing to guide them’. The word occurs constantly in the Academica (alluded to just below as alio loco) in this sense, e.g. 1 8, 24, 33, 36,99, &c. The Academics maintained in opposition to the Stoics that we can do very well without absolute certainty, in Bp Butler’s words that ‘probability is the (only and the sufficient) guide of life’. In the previous sentence we have secutwm used in another sense ‘aimed at’. For similar careless repetitions sce § 13 caventus—invenerit, and Allen on Div. Ic. 35.
omnino followed by sed: ‘it is true’, lit. ‘by all means’ ‘I quite allow’. Cf. § 95 utrumque omnino durum sed ...,§ 107, Off. 1 83, 120, 11 62, 71, Plin. Ep. 114; omnino—autem Lael. 98; omnino—tamen Plin. Ep. vi 15; also without adversative particle Zae/. 69 Reid.