BOOK I CH. IV §8. 15

an example of the Perf. Subj. after proper Perf. praestitisse, see n. on cen- serent § 3.
Ch, tv. otio langueremus: so § 67 ‘Epicurus denies happiness to God, nist plane otio langueat’, Of. ut 1 duae res quae languorem afferunt ceteris, illum (Scipionem) acuebant, otium et solitudo, C. elsewhere pleads otium, his forced inaction under the autocracy of Caesar, as an excuse for turning to literature, e.g. in a letter to Varro, Yam. 1x 6 quis non dederit ut, cum opera nostra patria uti nolit, ad eam vitam revertamur quam multi etiam rei publicae praeponendam putaverunt ?
necesse esset: evidently written before the Ides of March.
ipsius rei publicae causa: cf. Div. 11 1 seg. quaerenti mihi multumque et diu cogitanti quanam re possem prodesse quam plurimis, ne quando intermit- terem consulere ret pu®icae, nulla major occurrebat quam si optimarum artium vias traderem meis civibus; and a letter to Varro, Fam. 1x 2 nobis stet ilud, una vivere tn studiis nostris ... et si minus in curia atque in foro, at in litteris et libris et ts publicam et de moribus ac legibus quaerere; [Phil. 1 20. J. S. R.], also the opinion of Athenodorus, a friend of C.’s, quoted by Seneca Trang. 3.*
§ 8. multorum—scribendi studia: repeated in Of. 1 2, but, as Sch. says, we have no certain information of any to whom it would apply. Lucretius, Varro, and the Pythagorean Figulus wrote without waiting for any impulse from C. The prose expounders of the Epicurean phi- losophy, Amafinius, Rabirius and Catius, are always mentioned in terms of contempt, as in Acad. 1 5, Fam. xv 16 and 19, Twusc. Iv 6 (where the popularity of the first is said to have produced a crowd of imitators). Probably Brutus, to whom the JV. D. is addressed, may be one of those referred to, cf. Ac. 112. [Mr Reid doubts this, as it appears from Fin. 1 8 that Brutus had the start of C. in writing, and is rather disposed to think that Varro is alluded to, as in the Acad. he is said to have only made a beginning of philosophy, philosophiam incohasti I 9, so that C. may have here claimed credit for inducing V. to bring out some of those philosophical treatises which are included in the list of his works.]
instituti: ‘resolution’, institutionibus: ‘trained under Greek teachers’, lit. ‘by ‘Greek methods’. C. elsewhere speaks of them as men qu? se Graecos magis quam nostros haberi volunt Fin. 111 5.
quod—diffiderent : ‘ because, as they said’. Roby § 1744.
profecisse—vinceremur: the tense of a Subj. after Perf. Inf. is deter- mined by the Inf. not by the principal verb; see P. S. Gr. § 229 8 and Draeger Hist. Synt. § 126, also n. on § 3 qui censerent. [The exx. of this sequence quoted by Lieven from WV. D. are 1 6, 8, 10, 16, 58, 60, 63, 85, 90, 11 8, 72, 96, 150, 153, 157, 111 12, 20, 50, 54, 70, 84, 88. J.S.R.] On the general subject of translation from Greek into Latin, and the comparative merits of the two languages at this time, see Munro’s Lucretius (Introduc- tion p. 100 seq.) ‘in his day the living Latin for all the higher forms of composition both prose and verse, was a far nobler language than the
76 BOOK I CH. IV § 8,
living Greek.... When Cicero deigns to translate any of their sentences (Epicurus, Chrysippus, &c.) see what grace and life he instils into their clumsily expressed thoughts! How satisfactory to the ear and taste are the periods of Livy when he is putting into Latin the heavy and uncouth clauses of Polybius!.... Whatever Greek writer Cicero wishes to explain, he can find adequate terms to express the Greek: is it a new sense given to a word in common use? he can always meet Adyos or eidSos with ratio or species: is it a newly coined word? his quadlitas is quite as good as Plato’s mourns.’ C. makes the same boast of the superiority of Latin in Fin. t 10 and elsewhere; Lucretius on the contrary bewails the patrit sermonis egestas I 832, and so Seneca Lp. 58.
$9. fortunae—injuria: his daughter’s death, [so Ac. 1 11 fortunae gravissimo perculsus vulnere. J. 8. R.]. See the letters written in the following months, Aét. xr 14 (March 45 B.c.) omnem consolationem vincit dolor; X11 20 (same month) quod me hortaris ut dissimulem me tam gravi- ter dolere, possuinne magis quam quod totos dies consumo in litteris ? 3 X11 40 (May 45 B.c.) quod scribis te verert ne et gratia et auctoritas nostra minuatur, ego quid homines aut reprehendant aut postulent nescio: ne doleam? qui potest? ne jaceam? quis unquam minus ? Legere isti laeti qui me reprehendunt tam multa non possunt quam ego scripsi; XIIt 26 (same month) credibile non est quantum scribam, qui etiam noctibus, nihil enim somni ; ef. too Fam. tv 5. 6, Vv 15. Some of the fragments of the Consolatio preserved by Lactantius illustrate C.’s language in this treatise, e.g. fr. 5 Orelli, ‘if we are right in believing that human beings have been exalted to heaven and in raising shrines to their memory, the same honour is assuredly due to my Tullia, guod quidem faciam, teque omnium optimam doctissimamque approbantibus dis immortalibus ipsis im eorum coetu locatam ad opi- nionem omnium mortalium consecrabo’; and in fr. 6 he declares that the good levi quodam ac facili lapsu ad deos, id est ad naturam sui similem, pervolare.
animi aegritudo commota injuria: Allen notices the carelessness of construction by which the adj. is made to agree with the-governing case instead of the governed. See his n. on Div. 1 62 fuba habet inflationem tranquillitati mentis quaerenti vera contrariam. It may be explained as an extension of the use of abstract for concrete which we find in such passages as Of. 11 36 error hominum arripuit, for errantes homines, Hor. Ep. 111191 trahitur manibus regum fortuna retortis. [Cf. Leg. 1 8 occupata opera for occupatus, Fat. 42 assensio non possit fiert nist commota viso=nisi is qui adsentietur commotus fuerit. The best collection of exx. of hypallage adjectivi which I know is in Kiihner Ausf. Gramm. vol. 1 p. 168%. J.S. R.]
[quam si me dedissem: quam fruiturus fui si dedissem. Dedissem is a completed future ( fruar si dedero) from a past point of view; and subjunc- tive because protasis to a future participle understood. R.]
totam philosophiam: cf. Div. u 4 ut nullum philosophiae locum esse