BOOK I CH. xv § 40. 133

reddi ab his eum cernat?); the fact that fishes hear and smell (super omnia est, quod esse auditum et odoratum piscibus non erit dubium ; ex aeris utrum- gue materia). In the Times for Sept. 13, 1879 there is a short notice of the investigations made in the Challenger and other expeditions, to determine the amount and composition of the air in sea-water.
terram quae Ceres: cf. 1 67, 71.
legis vim. C. supplements the brief mention of vdyos in the original from his own studies for the De Legibus.
eandemque necessitatem appellat: ‘gives to law the name of des- tiny’. Mr Roby suggests ewndem, which seems more appropriate, as Vel- leius is here dealing with the Stoic misuse of mythological names. [Cf. the parallel passage in Ac. 1 29 deum omniumque rerum prudentiam...quam eandem necessitatem appellant. J.S. R.]
sempiternam veritatem : cf. § 55, 1 14, Div. 1 125 fatwm id appello quod Graect cipapperny, id est, ordinem seriemque causarum cum causae causa nexa rem ex se gignat. Ea est ex oni aeternitate fluens veritas sempi- terna; Zeller Stoves tr. p. 141 foll.
§ 41. Orphei: cf. § 107.
accommodare: a translation of cvvorcerdoat
qui suspicati sint: Sch. Opusc. m1 310 argues against the Subj. here, but gud is characteristic, not merely connective, ‘though they never dreamt of such a thing’.
{Stoici videantur: cf. Sen. Zp. 88 modo Stoicum Homerum faciunt, modo Epicureum, modo Peripateticum, modo Academicum. Swainson.]
Diogenes: of Seleucia on the Tigris, pupil of Chrysippus, and afterwards head of the Stoic school (Krische 481—494), called magno et gravi Stotco in Of. 111 51. Philodemus proceeds to speak of him immediately after the quotation given above : Avoyévns 8 6 BaBvAduos év TO Tepl THs AOnvas Tov Kogpov ypaer TO Aut Tov avrov Umapxew 7} wepréxewy Tov Aia Kkabdrep avOpwrov Wvynv : then, after describing how different names were given to different parts of Zeus, he says that the part which was manifested in the aether was called Athene, rotro yap NéyerOar Td éx Tis KehadjHs, Kai Zeds appyv Zeds Onrus* twas d€ Tdv Starxay pdckey ore TO Hyewovixoy ev TH KearH, Ppovnow yap eivat, 61d kal Myjrw Kadeicbar’ Xpvourmov bé ev rH orOet Td HyeporKoy eivar Kaket THY "AOnvay yeyovéva, Ppovnow ovcar, ro dé tHv Povnv ek THs keparis exxpiverOar Acyew ex THis Kepadrfs, vwd Sé “Hdaiorov, di6re Téxvy eyéved’ y pdvnats, Kai ’AOnvav pév olov AOpnvay ciphaGa, Tprravida dé cai Tpitoyevecav Sid TO THY povnow ex TpLd@y ouvedtnKEvat Noywr, TAY PvotKav Kat TOV 7OiKaY Kal TOY AoytKay" Kal Tas GAdas O avris mpoonyopias Kal Ta gopruara (e.g. the Aegis) pada kataxpiows* ti ppovijcet cvvorkecot.
- disjungit: this form seems more suited to the metaphorical sense than
the dejungit of the mss. Miiller Adn. Crit. p. iv. cites other passages in
1 So in the facsimile, but, as a compliment to Diog. would be quite out of place, I should emend either xaraxpyarixws (employed by Sext. Emp. P. H. 1191 in treating of the improper uses of words) or xataxopus.
154 BOOK I CH. XV § 41.
which de- is wrongly read for di-, e.g. degrediens N. D. 11 103, demetata 110, delabi Of. 11 64.
B. b. ii. Erroneous views of the poets and of eastern sages. §§ 42, 43.
Ch. xvi. § 42. The follies of the popular mythology form the subject of the first sixty pages in Gomp.’s ed. of Philodemus. We read there of the adulteries (pp. 10—12) and wars (pp. 28, 32, 40, 45) of the Gods, of their frauds, cruelties, weaknesses, sufferings, their enslavements to each other and to men. Compare Plin. WV. JZ. 117 super omnem impudentiam est adulteria tnter ipsos fing, mox etiam jurgia et odia, atque etiam furtorum esse et scelerum numina.
exposui. In similar language, though to very different effect, Minu- cius begins his 20th ch. (after concluding his summary of the Philodemian section) with the words exposut opiniones omnium ferme philosophorum guibus inlustrior gloria est, deum unum multis “cet designasse nominibus, ut quivis arbitretur aut nune Christianos philosophos esse aut philosophos fuisse jam tune Christianos.
delirantium : §§ 37, 92,94. somnia: § 39, Ac. 11121. Varro Lumen- ides (ap. Non. s. v. infans) postremo nemo aegrotus quicquam sominiat | tam infandum quod non aliquis dicat philosophus.
fusa: so § 66 oracula fundo. Sch. quotes Fn. Iv 10 poetarum more verba fundere, Div. 1 27 concitatione mentis edi et quasi fundi. [Add Div. 11 110, De Or. 11 175, 194, Tuse. 1 64, 11 42. JS. RJ
ipsa suavitate nocuerunt: on which account Plato banished Homer and Hesiod from his model state, /tep. 11 377 foll. referred to by C. use. u. 27. Cf. Xenophanes (R. and P. § 130 foll.) aavta Oeois dvéOnxav “Opnpos O ‘Hoiodds te | do0a rap’ avOpdroiow dveidea Kai Woyos €ativ. | ws mrEiot epbeyEavto Oedy abepioria epya | kA€nTew porxevew Te Kal GAArAoUS drareve, Epicurus in Diog. L. x 123 doeSis S€ ovx 6 rods T&v moANOY Oeovs avatpav, ad o tas Tav TOANGY Sofas Oevis mpocantay, Heracl. Alleg. Hom. 4 ’Emixovpos Gracay cpod moiuntixny @orep odeOpioy pidwv S€deap ados.ovpevos.
ortus: Philod. p. 31 mentions particularly the birth of Athene and of Dionysus; pp. 7 and 13 he notices the death (interitus) of Asclepius ; Minucius lc. speaks of the alternate deaths of Castor and Pollux.
vincula: e.g. Dionysus bound by Pentheus, Prometheus by Zeus (Philod. p. 39). See Jléad v 380 foll.
ex immortali : Davis and Heind. read dmmortalibus ; but the Sing. may be taken either indefinitely ‘from an immortal’, or generically é« rod a@avarov. On the general subject cf. Zusc. 1 28 foll., Niigelsb. Nachhomer- ische Theol. pp. 10—13.
§ 43. magorum Aegyptiorumque: there is no allusion to the former and very slight to the latter, in what remains of Philod. The Magi (‘great ones’, Sans, magha, Lat. magnus) were the priestly caste of Media.