V. 3 : « Our daily bread. » All those pas-

sages clearly show that, in Scripture, the
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quidem incorporei [isti enim materiali cibo non egent), sed corporei, ista nempe ratio- nalia animalia, de qiiibus hucusque disse- ruimiis, degentia in acre, et quce ratione tenuitatis suorum corporum, ac rationalis naturce, quam maxime ad Angelos imma- teriales accedunt, ut proinde nuncupentur.
94. Ducor, quia cum animalia sint, et ideo generabilia et corruptibilia , egent cibo, ut restauretur substantia corporea, quce per effluvia deperditur ; vita enim sen- tientis non consistit nisi in motu partium corporearum quce 'Jluunt, ac rejluunt, ac- quiruntur, ac deperduntur, ac iterum re- par antur ; qua' reparatio fit per substan- tias spirituosas, materiales tamen, attra- ctas a vivente, turn per aeris inspirationem, turn par fermentationem cibi, per quam substantia illius spiritualii^atur, ut ratio- natur doctissimus Ettmullerus, Instit. Me- dic. Physiolog., c, 2.
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bread of somebody is the bread of him who feeds upon it, not of him who makes, brings or provides it. In the passage of the Psalm we have quoted, Bread of Angels may therefore easily be taken to mean the food of Angels, not incorporeal indeed, since these require no material food, but corporeal, that is to say of those rational animals we have discoursed of, who live in the air, and, from the subtlety of their bodies and their rationality, approximate so closely to immaterial Angels as to fall under the same denomination.
94. I deduce that, being animals, conse- quently reproducible through generation and liable to corruption, they require food for the restoration of their corporeal sub- stance wasted by effluvia : for the life of every sensible being consists in nothing else but the motion of the corporeal ele- ments which flow and ebb, are acquired, lost and recruited by means of substances spirituous, yet material, assimilated by the living thing, either through the inhalation of air, or by the fermentation of food which spiritualizes its substance, as shown by the most learned Ettmuller {Instit. Medic. Physiolog., ch. 2).
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95. Qiita autem eorutn corpus tenue est, tenui pariter , et siibtili eget alimento. Hinc est quod sicut odoribus aliisque substantiis vaporosis. ac volatilibus suce naturce con- trariis Iceduntur ac fugantur, ut constat ex historiis recitatis supra, ji.et 72., ita paribus rebus sibi convenientibus de- lectantur, et aluntur. Porro « manna non est aliud, quam halitus aqute, terrajque, solis calore cxacte attenuatus et coctus, a frigore secutie noctis in unum coactus, densatusque, « ut scribit Cornelius; manna dico, quam demissam de coelo comederunt Hebrcei, quce toto ccelo differt a manna nostrate, quce in medicinis adhibetur ; nam hxc, ut scribit Ettmullerus Schroder. Di- lucid. Physiolog., c. i. de Manna, fol. m. 154., « nihil aliud est, quam succus qua- rumdam arborum tenuis, vel earum trans- sudatio, qute nocturno tempore permixta cum rore, matutino tempore superventu caloris solis coagulatur, et inspissatur. » Manna autem Hebrceorum diversis orta principiii calore solis non coagulabatur, sed vice versa liquejiebat, ut patet ex Seri- ptura, Exod. c. 16. v. 22. Manna ergo Hebrxorum utpote constans ex halitibus tenuibus terree et aquee, profecto tenuissi- mce erat substantia;, utpote, quce a sole solvebatur, et disparebat ; optime ergo
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95. But, their body being subtile, equally subtile and delicate must be its food. And, just as perfumes and other vaporous and volatile substances, when adverse to their nature, offend and put them to flight, as testified by what we related above (N‘* 71 and 72), in the like manner, when agree- able, they delight in and feed upon them. Now, as is written by Cornelius, a Manna is nothing but an emanation of water and earth, refned and baked by the heat of the sun, and then coagulated and condensed by the cold of the following night ; » ofcourse, I am speaking of the Manna sent down from Heaven for the nourishment of the Hebrews, and which differs all in all from nostrate or medicinal manna : the latter, in fact, according to Ettmuller [Dilucid. Physiol., ch. i ), « is merely the juice or transudation of certain trees which, during the night, gets mixed up with dew, and, the next morning, coagulates and thickens in the heat of the sun. » The manna of the Hebrews, on the contrary, derived from other principles, far from coagulating, liquefied in the heat of the sun, as is shown by Scripture, Exodus, ch. 16, v. 22. The manna of the Hebrews was therefore undoubtedly of a most subtile substance, consisting as it did of emanations of earth
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potuit esse talium anhnalium cibus, ita ut diceretur a David Panis Angelorum.
96. Alia auctoritas habetur in Evange- lio Joannis, in quo, Johannes, c. 10. v. 16., ita dicitur : Alias oves habeo, qu:e non sunt ex hoc ovili, et illas oportet me ad- ducere, et vocem meam audient, et fiet unum ovile, et unus Pastor. Si quceramus quienam sint oves, qua; non sunt ex hoc ovili, et qualenam sit ovile de quo loquitur Christus Dominus, respondent communiter Expositores unum ovile Christi esse Eccle- siam, ad quam perducendi erant per prce- dicationem Evangelii Gentiles, qui erant oves alterius ovilis, ab ovili Hebrceorum : opinantur enim Synagogam esse Christi ovile, quia dicebat David, Psal. 94. v. 9 ; Nos populus ejus et oves pascute ejus; et quia Messias promissiis fueral Abraham et David oritiirus ex eorum semine, et a populo Hebrceo expectatus, et a Prophet is qui Hebrcei erant vaticinatus, et ejus ad- ventus, conversatio, passio, mors et re- surrectio in sacrijiciis, cultu, et ceremo- niis Hebrceorum legis erant pra;jigurata.
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and water, and being dissolved by the sun and made to disappear : consequently, it may very well have been the food of the animals we are speaking of, and thus have been truly called by David Bread of An- gels.
96. We have another authority in the Gospel according to St John, ch. 10, v. 16, where it is said : k And other sheep 1 have, which are not of this fold : them also I must bring, and they shall hear my voice, and there shall be one fold and one shepherd. » If we inquire what are those sheep which are not of that fold, and what the fold of which the Lord Christ speaketh, we are answered by all Commentators that the only fold of Christ is the Church to which the preaching of the Gospel was to bring the Gentiles , sheep of another fold than that of the Hebrews. They are, in fact, of opinion that the fold of Christ was the Synagogue, because David had said. Psalm g5, V. 7 ! « We are the people of his pasture, and the sheep of his hand » , and also because Abraham and David had been promised that the Messiah should be born of their race, because he was expected by the Hebrew people , foretold by the Pro- phets who were Hebrews, and that his
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97. SeJ salva semper Sanctorum Pa- trum, ac aliorum Doctorum reverentia, non videtur talis exposiiio ad plenum sa- tisfacere. Habemus enim quod de fide est a principio mundi Ecclesiam Fidelium ex- tit isse tinam, usque ad jinem sceculi dura- turam. Cujus Ecclesice caput est mediator Dei et hominum Christus Jesus, cujus con- templatione creata sunt universa, et omnia per ipsum facta. Fides enim unius Dei Trini (quamvis non ita explicite), et Verbi Incarnatio revelata fuit primo homini, et ab ipso edocti ejus filii, et ab iis descenden- tes. Mine est quod quamvis plerique homines ad idolatriam dejlexerint, ac veram jidem deseruerint , multi tamen veram jidem a patribus sibi traditam retinuerunt , et le- gem natures servantes in vera Ecclesia Fidelium permanserunt, ut observat Car- dinalis Toletus in Job, c. 10. v. 16., et ap- paret in Job, qtii inter Gentiles Idolatras sanctus fuit. Quamvis autem Deus populo Hebra‘0 speciales favores contulerit, pecu- liaremque legem, ac ceremonias illi pres- scripserit, ac a Gentilibus segregaverit, non
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advent, his acts, his passion, death and resurrection were prefigured in the sacri- fices, worship and ceremonials of the Hebrew law.
97. But, saving always the reverence due to the Holy Fathers and other Doctors, that explanation does not seem quite satis- factory. For it is an article of belief that the Church of the Faithful has been the only one in existence from the beginning of the world, and will thus endure to the end of time. The head of that Church is J esus-Christ, the mediator between God and men, by whose contemplation all things were made and created. Indeed, the faith in the divine Trinity, though less explicitly, and the Incarnation of the Word were re- vealed to the first man, and by him taught his children, who, in their turn, taught them their descendants. And thus, although most men had strayed into idolatry and deserted the true faith, many kept the faith they had received from their fathers, and observing the law of nature, stayed in the true Church of the Faithful, as is noticed by Cardinal Tolet in reference to Job, who was a saint among idolatrous Gentiles. And, although God had conferred especial fa- vours upon the Hebrew people, prescribed
17
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tamen ad earn legem Gentes tenebantur. nec Jideles Hebra’i aliam Ecclesiam consti- tuebant ab Ecclesia Gentiliiim, qui Jidem unius Dei et Messice venturi profitebantur.
98. Hinc est, quod ctiam ex Gentilibus fuere, qui Christi adventum, et alia Chri- stiance fidei dogmata prophetanmt, ut pa- tet de Balaam, Mercurio Trismegisto, Hy- daspe, ac Sibyllis, de quibus loquitur Lac- tantius, lib. i. c. 6., ut scribit Cardinalis Baronius in Apparatu Annal. n° 18. Et quod Messias erat a Gentilibus expectatus habet Isaias in pluribus locis, et luculen- tum testimonium de hoc est prophetia Pa- triarchs Jacob de Messia , qua’ sic ait^ Gen, c. 49. V. 10 : Non auferetur sceptrum de Juda, et dux de femore ejns, donee ve- nial qui- mittendus est, et ipse erit expe- ctatio Gentium. Item Prophetia Aggsi, c. 2. V. 8 ; Movebo omnes Genies, et veniet desideratus cunctis gentibus, quern locum explicans Cornelius a Lap, in Aggte. c. 2,