III. 20 c +80 v.

If we assume that the exploitation of labour powi identical in all three branches, e.g. that in each case labour power furnishes exactly twice the amount of value which it receives in the shape of wages, we obtain the following result:
capital I gains 20 shillings surplus-value
„ II „ 50
„ HI „ 80 ,
This means — seeing that profits, as percentage of the surplus-balance, are calculated on the entire consumed capital - profits of 20%, 50%, and 80% respectively. We musi bear in mind that the exploitation of the labourers is not everywhere the same, but that it is greater in some undertakings and less in others. Further, there are ether circumstances which enter into the determination of the amount of surplus-value in the various branches and even in individual undertakings - r. g. the rapidity of the turnover of the capital, of which we shall speak later. It ensues that the amount of surplus-value really produced cannot be the same in two different undertakings, much les;A in two different branches. How, in spite of this, is the equality of the rate of profit — which, as a matter of fact, exists — brought about?
Let us take five different branches of production, each having a different organic composition of the capitals invested therein ^and on the assumption that labour power
CONSTANT CAPITAL AND VARIABLE CAPITAL. 29
in each case supplies 100% of its own value as surplus- value):
CaP»al S^r ofZlct Rate of Profit