IX. That he whicli liath " meliora naturalia" (that is to say, more perfect

strengtli of nature working in him) shall, of necessity, have more full measure to obtain grace and glory.
To the which articles the prelates answering, did excommunicate the same as erroneous, affirming, that grace and glory shall be given according to that God hath elected and predestinated, &c.^
In like manner between the said Dominic friars and the grey conten- friars,' what a brawl and tumult there was about the conception of l^"^)'^^' our Lady, whether she was conceived without original sin or not, in f""''"s the reign of King Henry VII. and King Henry VIIL, a.d. 1509. con"ep- * Add moreover to these, the four and twenty heinous schisms, and Lady.'^'""^ not so few, which happened between pope and pope, in the church continual and see of Rome. I3ut why do I stand to recite the divisions and Inlhc'^ dissensions of the pope's church, which is as much almost as to ^'^^^^^ reckon the sands of the sea ? for what church, chapter, or covent, was in all that religion, which either had not some variance with themselves or with others ? Upon which continual strife and variance among them, the readers hereof may judge of them and tlieir religion as pleaseth them : in the mean time, my judgment is this ; that
(1) Matt. Paris, [Edit. Lond. \M0, pp.612, 613 : whence the articles are revised —Ed.]
(2) See infri vol. iv. 167—172; and Harl. MSS. Brit. Mus. No. -119, art. -19.- Ed
298 KING kichaud's laws kok his xavy.
Richardi. wlicrc siicli clissciision (hvcllctli, tluTi; (lutllolli not tlic spirit of
1190. 'J'licsc tilings tlius discoursed, toucliing tlic tragical dissension between lialdwin, the arclibisliop, and tlie monks of Canterbury ; now let us proceed, by tlic Lord's assistance, in continuation of our story. Alter King Ricliard had thus, as is declared, set the monks and the archbishop in sonic agreement, and had composed such things as were to be redressed within the realm, he sailed (as is above said) to France.* After which, preparing to set all things in an order before his going, he committed the whole government of the realm Thcchicf principally to William, bishop of Ely, his chancellor, and to Hugh, overMfers |jjg|j^^jp ^^^ Durham, whom he ordained to be the chief justice of all realm in J^nsflaud in liis absence ; the one to have the custody of the Tower, absence, with tlic oversight of all other parts of the land on this side of Humber ; the other, who was the bishop of Durham, to have charge over all other his dominions beyond Humber, sending, moreover, unto Pope Clement, in the behalf of the aforesaid William, bishop of Ely, that he might be made the pope's legate through all England and Scotland, which also w'as obtained. Thus the bishop being ad- vanced in high authority, to furnish the king towards his setting forth, providcth out of every city in England two palfreys, and two sumpters, and also out of every abbey and royal manor one palfrey and one sumptcr. KiriR These things and others set in a stay, the king advanced forward
takethhis his joumey, and came to Chinon. There he appointed the captains towanije- ^"^ constablcs ovcr his navy, and set laws to be observed in his journey rusaicm. upon the scas. Furthermore, toucliing the laws and ordinances ap- pointed by this King Richard for his navy, the form thereof was this: —